UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
FORM 10-Q
[X] QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2004
OR
[ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from to
Commission file number 0-24531
CoStar Group, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware | 52-2091509 | |
(State or other jurisdiction of | (I.R.S. Employer | |
incorporation or organization) | Identification No.) |
2 Bethesda Metro Center, 10th Floor
Bethesda, Maryland 20814
(Address of principal executive offices) (zip code)
(301) 215-8300
(Registrants telephone number, including area code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements of the past 90 days. Yes [X] No [ ]
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Yes [X] No [ ]
As of May 1, 2004, there were 18,122,312 shares of the registrants common stock outstanding.
COSTAR GROUP, INC.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
||||
Item 1. Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations |
3 | |||
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets |
4 | |||
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows |
5 | |||
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements |
6 | |||
Item 2. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations |
10 | |||
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk |
23 | |||
Item 4. Controls and Procedures |
23 | |||
PART II OTHER INFORMATION |
||||
Item 1. Legal Proceedings |
24 | |||
Item 2. Changes in Securities, Use of Proceeds and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities |
24 | |||
Item 3. Defaults upon Senior Securities |
24 | |||
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders |
24 | |||
Item 5. Other Information |
24 | |||
Item 6. Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-K |
24 | |||
Signatures |
25 |
PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
COSTAR GROUP, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except per share data)
(unaudited)
Three Months Ended | ||||||||
March 31, |
||||||||
2004 |
2003 |
|||||||
Revenues |
$ | 26,278 | $ | 22,553 | ||||
Cost of revenues |
7,941 | 7,603 | ||||||
Gross margin |
18,337 | 14,950 | ||||||
Operating expenses: |
||||||||
Selling and marketing |
7,199 | 6,569 | ||||||
Software development |
1,929 | 1,700 | ||||||
General and administrative |
6,852 | 6,489 | ||||||
Purchase amortization |
1,126 | 1,112 | ||||||
17,106 | 15,870 | |||||||
Income (loss) from operations |
1,231 | (920 | ) | |||||
Other income, net |
238 | 77 | ||||||
Income (loss) before income taxes |
1,469 | (843 | ) | |||||
Income tax expense (benefit) |
(12 | ) | | |||||
Net income (loss) |
$ | 1,481 | $ | (843 | ) | |||
Net income (loss) per share basic |
$ | 0.08 | $ | (0.05 | ) | |||
Net income (loss) per share diluted |
$ | 0.08 | $ | (0.05 | ) | |||
Weighted average outstanding shares basic |
17,961 | 15,814 | ||||||
Weighted average outstanding shares diluted |
18,699 | 15,814 | ||||||
See accompanying notes.
3
COSTAR GROUP, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands)
March 31, | December 31, | |||||||
2004 |
2003 |
|||||||
(unaudited) | ||||||||
ASSETS |
||||||||
Current assets: |
||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 31,240 | $ | 35,643 | ||||
Short-term investments |
73,399 | 61,806 | ||||||
Accounts receivable,
less allowance for doubtful accounts of approximately $1,598 and $1,759
as of March 31, 2004 and December 31, 2003 |
3,304 | 4,308 | ||||||
Prepaid expenses
and other current assets |
2,343 | 1,981 | ||||||
Total current assets |
110,286 | 103,738 | ||||||
Property and equipment |
28,644 | 28,956 | ||||||
Accumulated depreciation |
(18,910 | ) | (18,702 | ) | ||||
Property and equipment,
net |
9,734 | 10,254 | ||||||
Goodwill |
40,821 | 37,351 | ||||||
Intangibles and other
assets, net |
29,898 | 31,590 | ||||||
Deposits |
992 | 967 | ||||||
Total assets |
$ | 191,731 | $ | 183,900 | ||||
LIABILITIES AND
STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY |
||||||||
Current liabilities: |
||||||||
Accounts payable
and accrued expenses |
$ | 9,675 | $ | 9,645 | ||||
Deferred revenue |
6,692 | 5,886 | ||||||
Total current liabilities |
16,367 | 15,531 | ||||||
Deferred income taxes |
3,067 | | ||||||
Total stockholders
equity |
172,297 | 168,369 | ||||||
Total liabilities
and stockholders equity |
$ | 191,731 | $ | 183,900 | ||||
See accompanying notes.
4
COSTAR GROUP, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
(unaudited)
Three Months Ended | ||||||||
March 31, |
||||||||
2004 |
2003 |
|||||||
Operating activities: |
||||||||
Net income (loss) |
$ | 1,481 | $ | (843 | ) | |||
Adjustments to reconcile
net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities: |
||||||||
Depreciation |
1,375 | 1,207 | ||||||
Amortization |
1,939 | 2,060 | ||||||
Income tax benefit |
(12 | ) | | |||||
Provision for losses
on accounts receivable |
126 | 561 | ||||||
Changes in operating
assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions |
1,176 | (1,888 | ) | |||||
Net cash provided
by operating activities |
6,085 | 1,097 | ||||||
Investing activities: |
||||||||
Purchases and sales
of short-term investments |
(11,571 | ) | 193 | |||||
Purchases of property
and equipment |
(816 | ) | (681 | ) | ||||
Other assets |
(4 | ) | (348 | ) | ||||
Cash held for acquisition |
| 16,386 | ||||||
Acquisition, net
of cash acquired |
| (17,419 | ) | |||||
Net cash used in
investing activities |
(12,391 | ) | (1,869 | ) | ||||
Financing activities: |
||||||||
Exercise of stock
options |
1,856 | 125 | ||||||
Net cash provided
by financing activities |
1,856 | 125 | ||||||
Effect of foreign
currency exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents |
47 | 11 | ||||||
Net decrease in cash
and cash equivalents |
(4,403 | ) | (636 | ) | ||||
Cash and cash equivalents
at the beginning of period |
35,643 | 25,546 | ||||||
Cash and cash equivalents
at the end of period |
$ | 31,240 | $ | 24,910 | ||||
See accompanying notes.
5
COSTAR GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. | ORGANIZATION |
CoStar Group, Inc. (the Company) has created a comprehensive, proprietary database of commercial real estate information for metropolitan areas throughout the United States and the United Kingdom. Based on its unique database, the Company provides information services to the commercial real estate and related business community and operates within one business segment. The information services are typically distributed to its clients under subscription-based license agreements which have a minimum term of one year and renew automatically.
2. | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES |
Basis of Presentation
The consolidated financial statements of the Company include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Interim Financial Statements
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for interim financial information. In the opinion of the Companys management, the financial statements reflect all adjustments necessary to present fairly the Companys financial position at March 31, 2004 and the results of its operations and cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2004 and 2003. These adjustments are of a normal recurring nature.
Certain notes and other information have been condensed or omitted from the interim financial statements presented in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Therefore, these financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Companys Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003, the Companys Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended March 31, 2003 and September 30, 2003, and the Companys Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q/A for the quarter ended June 30, 2003.
The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2004 are not necessarily indicative of future financial results.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Foreign Currency Translation
The Companys functional currency in its foreign location is the local currency. Assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars as of the balance sheet date. Revenues, expenses, gains and losses are translated at the average exchange rates in effect during each period. Gains and losses resulting from translation are included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders equity. Net gains or losses resulting from foreign currency exchange transactions are included in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company had an increase (decrease) in comprehensive income (loss) of approximately $546,000 and $(68,000) from translation of its foreign subsidiarys assets and liabilities into U.S. dollars for the three months ended March 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively. There were no material gains or losses from foreign currency exchange transactions for the three months ended March 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively.
6
COSTAR GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
2. | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED) |
Comprehensive Income (Loss)
During the three months ended March 31, 2004 and 2003, total comprehensive income (loss) was approximately $2.1 million and $(911,000), respectively. As of March 31, 2004, accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) included a gain from foreign currency translation adjustments of approximately $3.0 million and an unrealized gain on short-term investments of approximately $22,000.
Net Income (Loss) Per Share
Net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period on a basic and diluted basis. The Companys potentially dilutive securities include stock options. Diluted net income (loss) per share considers the impact of potentially dilutive securities except in periods in which there is a net loss as the inclusion of the potential common shares would have an anti-dilutive effect.
The following table sets forth the calculation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share (in thousands except per share amounts):
Three Months Ended | ||||||||
March 31, |
||||||||
2004 |
2003 |
|||||||
Numerator: |
||||||||
Net income (loss) |
$ | 1,481 | $ | (843 | ) | |||
Denominator: |
||||||||
Denominator for basic net income (loss) per
share weighted-average outstanding shares |
17,961 | 15,814 | ||||||
Effect of dilutive securities: |
||||||||
Stock options |
738 | | ||||||
Denominator for diluted net income (loss) per
share weighted-average outstanding shares |
18,699 | 15,814 | ||||||
Net income (loss) per share basic |
$ | 0.08 | $ | (0.05 | ) | |||
Net income (loss) per share diluted |
$ | 0.08 | $ | (0.05 | ) | |||
Stock-Based Compensation
The Company accounts for its stock-based compensation in accordance with APB No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees (APB 25). Under APB 25, compensation expense is based on the difference, if any, on the measurement date between the fair value of the Companys common stock and the exercise price of the option and is recognized ratably over the vesting period of the option. Stock-based compensation related to options granted to non-employees is accounted for using the fair value method in accordance with the Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation (SFAS 123).
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 148, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation Transition and Disclosure, an amendment of FASB Statement No. 123 (SFAS 148) amends the disclosure requirements of SFAS 123 to require prominent disclosures in both annual and interim financial statements. The Company has adopted the disclosure requirements of SFAS 123 and SFAS 148. The following table illustrates the
7
COSTAR GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
2. | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED) |
Stock-Based Compensation (continued)
effect on net income (loss) and net income (loss) per share as if the Company had applied the fair value recognition provisions of SFAS 123 to stock-based employee compensation (in thousands, except per share amounts):
Three Months Ended, | ||||||||
March 31, |
||||||||
2004 |
2003 |
|||||||
Net income (loss) |
$ | 1,481 | $ | (843 | ) | |||
Add: total stock-based employee
compensation expense included in
reported net income (loss) |
| | ||||||
Add (deduct): total stock-based
employee compensation (benefit) expense
determined under fair value based
method for all awards |
(1,548 | ) | (1,603 | ) | ||||
Pro forma net loss |
$ | (67 | ) | $ | (2,446 | ) | ||
Net income (loss) per share: |
||||||||
Basic as reported |
$ | 0.08 | $ | (0.05 | ) | |||
Basic pro forma |
$ | (0.00 | ) | $ | (0.15 | ) | ||
Diluted as reported |
$ | 0.08 | $ | (0.05 | ) | |||
Diluted pro forma |
$ | (0.00 | ) | $ | (0.15 | ) | ||
3. | GOODWILL |
Goodwill consists of the following (in thousands):
March 31, | December 31, | |||||||
2004 |
2003 |
|||||||
(unaudited) | ||||||||
Goodwill |
$ | 52,044 | $ | 48,574 | ||||
Accumulated amortization |
(11,223 | ) | (11,223 | ) | ||||
Goodwill, net |
$ | 40,821 | $ | 37,351 | ||||
During January 2004, the Company completed its review of current information regarding the income tax attributes and deferred taxes related to the Property Intelligence acquisition and recorded deferred income taxes and related goodwill of approximately $3.1 million as a result of the value previously assigned to identified intangible assets. The amortization of these assets is non-deductible for income tax purposes, and as a result, the Company will realize an income tax benefit as the deferred income taxes are reduced in connection with the related amortization of these assets over their useful lives.
8
COSTAR GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
4. | INTANGIBLES AND OTHER ASSETS |
Intangibles and other assets consists of the following (in thousands):
Weighted- | ||||||||||||
Average | ||||||||||||
Amortization | ||||||||||||
March 31, | December 31, | Period | ||||||||||
2004 |
2003 |
(in years) |
||||||||||
(unaudited) | ||||||||||||
Capitalized product development costs |
$ | 1,795 | $ | 1,795 | 5 | |||||||
Accumulated amortization |
(1,668 | ) | (1,626 | ) | ||||||||
Capitalized product development costs, net |
127 | 169 | ||||||||||
Building photography |
4,781 | 4,777 | 5 | |||||||||
Accumulated amortization |
(4,196 | ) | (4,048 | ) | ||||||||
Building photography, net |
585 | 729 | ||||||||||
Acquired database technology |
19,474 | 19,438 | 4 | |||||||||
Accumulated amortization |
(16,824 | ) | (16,245 | ) | ||||||||
Acquired database technology, net |
2,650 | 3,193 | ||||||||||
Customer base |
41,348 | 41,107 | 10 | |||||||||
Accumulated amortization |
(17,274 | ) | (16,175 | ) | ||||||||
Customer base, net |
24,074 | 24,932 | ||||||||||
Tradename |
4,198 | 4,198 | 10 | |||||||||
Accumulated amortization |
(1,736 | ) | (1,631 | ) | ||||||||
Tradename, net |
2,462 | 2,567 | ||||||||||
Intangibles and other assets, net |
$ | 29,898 | $ | 31,590 | ||||||||
5. | COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES |
Currently, and from time to time, the Company is involved in litigation incidental to the conduct of its business. The Company is not a party to any lawsuit or proceeding that, in the opinion of management, is likely to have a material adverse effect on its financial position or results of operations.
6. | SUBSEQUENT EVENT |
On May 4, 2004, the Company completed the acquisition of Peer Market Research, Inc. (Peer Market), an online provider of commercial real estate information in Nashville and Memphis, Tennessee. The Company acquired all of the outstanding capital stock of Peer Market for cash and 5,318 shares of our common stock, resulting in consideration of approximately $830,000. The transaction will be accounted for using the purchase method of accounting. The purchase price will be allocated to the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. In addition, the acquisition agreement provides for additional consideration to be paid by the Company based on the operating performance of the acquired company.
9
Item 2. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contains forward-looking statements, including statements about our beliefs and expectations. There are many risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements. Potential factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those discussed in any forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, those stated below under the headings Cautionary Statement Concerning Forward-Looking Statements and Risk Factors as well as those described from time to time in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
All forward-looking statements are based on information available to us on the date of this filing, and we assume no obligation to update such statements. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission and the condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this Quarterly Report.
Overview
CoStar is the leading provider of information services to the commercial real estate industry in the United States and the United Kingdom based on the fact that we offer the most comprehensive commercial real estate database available, have the largest research department and the most clients in the industry, provide more information services than any of our competitors and believe we generate more revenues than any of our competitors. We have created a standardized information platform where the members of the commercial real estate and related business community can continuously interact and facilitate transactions by efficiently exchanging accurate and standardized commercial real estate information. Our integrated suite of online service offerings includes information about space available for lease, comparable sales information, tenant information, information about properties for sale, information for clients web sites, information about industry professionals and their business relationships, analytic information, data integration, property marketing, organizational tools for contact and property information and industry news.
We completed our initial public offering in July 1998, and received net proceeds of approximately $22.7 million. We used those net proceeds to fund the geographic and service expansion of our business, including three strategic acquisitions, and to expand our sales and marketing organization. In May 1999, we completed a follow-on public offering and received net proceeds of approximately $97.4 million. We used a portion of those net proceeds to fund the acquisitions of COMPS.COM, Inc. (Comps) and Property Intelligence plc (Property Intelligence). In November 2003, we completed an additional follow-on public offering and issued 1,667,500 shares of common stock and received net proceeds of approximately $53.5 million. We expect to use the remainder of the proceeds from these public offerings for development and distribution of new services, expansion of existing services across our current markets, geographic expansion in the U.S. and international markets, strategic acquisitions, working capital and general corporate purposes.
From 1994 through the beginning of 2003, we expanded the geographical coverage of our existing information services and developed new information services. In addition to internal growth, this expansion included the acquisitions of Chicago ReSource, Inc. in Chicago in 1996 and New Market Systems, Inc. in San Francisco in 1997. In August 1998 we expanded into the Houston region through the acquisition of Houston-based real estate information provider C Data Services, Inc. In January 1999 we expanded further into the Midwest and Florida by acquiring LeaseTrend, Inc. and into Atlanta and Dallas/Fort Worth by acquiring Jamison Research, Inc. In September 1999 we acquired ARES Development Group, LLC, a Los Angeles-based developer and distributor of ARES for ACT!. In February 2000 we acquired Comps, a San Diego-based provider of commercial real estate information. In November 2000 we acquired First Image Technologies, Inc. (First Image). In September 2002 we expanded further into Portland, Oregon through the acquisition of certain of the assets of Napier Realty Advisors d/b/a REAL-NET (REAL-NET). In January 2003 we established a base in the United Kingdom with our acquisition of London-based Property Intelligence. In May 2004 we acquired Peer Market Research, Inc., an online provider of commercial real estate information in Nashville and Memphis, Tennessee.
10
Since our inception, the growth of our business has required substantial investments for the expansion of our services and the establishment of operating markets throughout the United States, which resulted in substantial net losses on an overall basis until 2003. Throughout 1999 and 2000, we experienced a rapid expansion in the number of services that we offer and the number of markets in which we operate. By the beginning of 2001, we had substantially established a national platform of service offerings in 50 U.S. metropolitan markets from which we believe we can appropriately meet the commercial real estate communitys needs for comprehensive U.S. building-specific information. From 2001 through 2003, we focused on continuing to grow revenue while controlling and reducing costs, in order to reduce operating losses and become profitable in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (GAAP). During the first quarter of 2004, our GAAP net income increased from a net loss of $843,000 for the quarter ended March 31, 2003 to net income of $1.5 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2004. In addition, we increased EBITDA (net income before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization) by $2.1 million from $2.4 million in the first quarter of 2003 to $4.5 million in the first quarter of 2004. Our use of non-GAAP financial measures is discussed later in this section.
During the first quarter of 2004, we initiated our expansion plan to enter an expected 21 new metropolitan markets throughout the United States as well as expand the geographical boundaries of many of our existing U.S. markets. The field research phase of this expansion will begin in the second quarter of 2004. We generally have not experienced this type of internal geographic expansion since 2000. Our planned 2004 expansion will cause our cost structure to escalate in advance of revenues that we expect to generate in these 21 new metropolitan markets, as we invest in future revenue growth opportunities for 2005 and beyond. In addition, the incremental costs of introducing new services or increasing geographic coverage in an existing market may further increase our operating cost structure and reduce the profitability of the market prior to release of the additional service offerings or increase in market coverage.
We expect 2004 revenue to grow significantly over 2003 revenue principally as a result of expected further penetration of our services in our potential customer base across our existing platform, as well as the expected successful cross-selling of our services into our existing customer base. In addition, we expect 2004 EBITDA to significantly increase over 2003 EBITDA and 2004 GAAP net income to significantly increase over 2003 GAAP net income, each as a result of our expectation to balance earnings growth from our existing platform with continued expansion and focus on long-term opportunities. If we achieve our expected revenue growth and balance our earnings growth with our current expansion plan, we believe we will maintain positive cash flow from operating activities throughout 2004.
Historically, our calculations of weighted-average outstanding shares for basic and diluted net loss per share have been identical because stock options that would have had an anti-dilutive effect on the calculation have been properly excluded from the calculation. In the third quarter of 2003, we achieved GAAP-basis net income, and as a result our calculation of weighted-average outstanding shares for diluted net income per share included the effect of any dilutive stock options, which are any outstanding stock options that have an exercise price lower than the average market price of our common stock for the period presented. We have maintained GAAP-basis net income through the quarter ended March 31, 2004. As a result, we expect that our diluted net income per share may be lower than our basic net income per share for any future periods in which we report GAAP-basis net income due to the dilutive effect of outstanding stock options.
In the third quarter of 2003, we achieved positive pre-tax income for the first time since our inception in 1987. We have maintained positive pre-tax income through the quarter ended March 31, 2004, which has enabled us to utilize some of our net operating loss carryforwards for tax purposes. Although our net operating loss carryforwards are substantial, we are subject to limitations on their use. Furthermore, we are subject to Federal alternative minimum taxes and state and local tax jurisdictions may not recognize portions of these loss carryforwards. As a result, we incurred current income tax expense of approximately $103,000 for the first quarter of 2004. In addition, during January 2004 upon the completion of our review of current information regarding the income tax attributes and deferred taxes related to the Property Intelligence acquisition, we recorded deferred income taxes of $3.1 million on the separately identified intangible assets. We will realize an income tax benefit from these deferred income taxes as the identified intangible assets are amortized over their useful lives. Accordingly, we recognized an income tax benefit of approximately $115,000 during the first quarter of 2004 to offset the non-deductible amortization expense of the related identified intangible assets acquired in connection with the Property Intelligence acquisition. As a result, we incurred a net income tax benefit of approximately $12,000 for the quarter ended March 31, 2004.
11
We continue to develop and distribute new services, expand existing services and geographic boundaries across our current U.S. and U.K. markets. The incremental cost of introducing new services, expanding existing services, or expanding geographic boundaries in the future may reduce the profitability of a market or cause it to incur losses. In addition to our planned geographic expansion into 21 new metropolitan markets throughout the United States, we may continue further geographic expansion in the United States or we may seek additional international geographic expansion. Any future significant geographic expansion could also significantly increase our capital expenditures. Therefore, while we expect current service offerings in existing markets to remain generally profitable and provide substantial funding for our overall business, it is possible that further overall expansion could cause us to generate losses and negative cash flow from operations in the future.
While our services continue to expand, our subscription-based information services, consisting primarily of CoStar Property Professional, CoStar Tenant, CoStar COMPS Professional and FOCUS services, currently generate over 90% of our total revenues. Our contracts for our subscription-based information services typically have a minimum term of one year and renew automatically. Upon renewal, many of the subscription contract rates may increase in accordance with contract provisions or as a result of contract renegotiations. To encourage clients to use our services regularly, we generally charge a fixed monthly amount for our subscription-based services rather than fees based on actual system usage. Contract rates are based on the number of sites, number of users, organization size, the clients business focus and the number of services to which a client subscribes. Our subscription clients generally pay contract fees on a monthly basis, but in some cases may pay us on a quarterly or annual basis. We recognize this revenue on a straight-line basis over the life of the contract. Annual and quarterly advance payments result in deferred revenue, substantially reducing the working capital requirements generated by accounts receivable.
Prior to 2001, our contract renewal rate historically had exceeded 90% on an annual basis. For the year ended December 31, 2001, our renewal rate decreased to 83% as a result of the downturn in general economic conditions. Subsequent to 2001, our contract renewal rate has been increasing and for the twelve-month period ended March 31, 2004, our contract renewal rate was 89%.
Application of Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and revenues and expenses during the period reported. The following accounting policies involve a critical accounting estimate because they are particularly dependent on estimates and assumptions made by management about matters that are highly uncertain at the time the accounting estimates are made. In addition, while we have used our best estimates based on facts and circumstances available to us at the time, different estimates reasonably could have been used in the current period. Changes in the accounting estimates we used are reasonably likely to occur from period to period which may have a material impact on the presentation of our financial condition and results of operations. We review these estimates and assumptions periodically and reflect the effects of revisions in the period that they are determined to be necessary.
Valuation of long-lived and intangible assets and goodwill
We assess the impairment of long-lived assets, identifiable intangibles and goodwill whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Factors we consider important that could trigger an impairment review include the following:
| Significant underperformance relative to historical or projected future operating results; | |||
| Significant changes in the manner of our use of the acquired assets or the strategy for our overall business; | |||
| Significant negative industry or economic trends; or | |||
| Significant decline in our market capitalization relative to net book value for a sustained period. |
When we determine that the carrying value of long-lived and identifiable intangible assets may not be recovered based upon the existence of one or more of the above indicators, we measure any impairment based on a projected discounted cash flow method using a discount rate determined by our management to be commensurate with the risk inherent in our then-current business model.
12
Goodwill and identifiable intangible assets not subject to amortization are tested annually on October 1st of each year for impairment, and are tested for impairment more frequently based upon the existence of one or more of the above indicators. We measure any impairment loss to the extent that the assets carrying amount exceeds its fair value.
Accounting for income taxes
As part of the process of preparing our consolidated financial statements, we are required to estimate our income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate. This process involves us estimating our current tax exposure under currently enacted tax laws and assessing temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items for tax and accounting purposes. These differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are included in our consolidated balance sheets. We must also assess the likelihood that our deferred tax assets will be recovered from future taxable income, and, to the extent we believe that it is more likely than not that some portion or all of our deferred tax assets will not be realized, we must establish a valuation allowance. To the extent we establish a valuation allowance or change the allowance in a period, we must reflect the corresponding increase or decrease within the tax provision in the statement of operations. Based on our history of operating losses and our planned geographic expansion, which if not managed effectively may adversely impact our results of operations, we have not yet concluded that it is more likely than not that we will utilize all or a portion of our net deferred tax assets. Therefore a full valuation allowance is currently held against our net deferred tax assets. As a result of maintaining a full valuation allowance, our effective tax rate differs from the statutory tax rate primarily due to the release of valuation allowance attributable to the expected utilization of net operating loss and tax credit carryfowards for the year ended December 31, 2004, offset by current estimated state and local income tax expense.
Our decision to maintain a full valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets is based primarily on our history of net operating losses as compared to only a recent trend of profitable operations, the potential for future stock option deductions to significantly reduce taxable income, our annual net operating loss limitations pursuant to Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code and the need to generate significant amounts of taxable income in future periods, on a consistent and prolonged basis, in order to utilize the remaining deferred tax assets. If we continue to meet our financial projections and improve our results of operations, or if circumstances otherwise change, it is reasonably possible that we may release all, or a portion, of the remaining valuation allowance in the near term. Any such release would result in recording a tax benefit that would increase net income in the period the allowance is released, which will cause our effective tax rate for future periods to approximate the statutory tax rate. In addition, our deferred tax assets include net operating losses related to acquired businesses and the exercise of employee stock options for which any change in associated valuation allowance will be recorded as an adjustment to goodwill and a credit to additional paid-in-capital, respectively.
Accounting for employee stock options
As permitted under Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation, we account for employee stock options in accordance with Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25 (APB No. 25), Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees. Under APB No. 25, we recognize compensation cost based on the intrinsic value of the equity instrument awarded as determined at the measurement date. We disclose the required pro forma information in our notes to consolidated financial statements as if the fair value method prescribed by SFAS No. 123 had been applied.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
We prepare and publicly release quarterly unaudited financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP. We also disclose and discuss certain non-GAAP financial measures in our public releases. These non-GAAP financial measures include EBITDA, which is our net income (loss) before interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization; and pro forma earnings, which is net income (loss) before purchase amortization in cost of revenues, purchase amortization in operating expenses and the related income tax benefit. We disclose EBITDA in our earnings releases, investor conference calls and filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. We disclose pro forma earnings in our earnings releases and investor conference calls. The non-GAAP financial measures that we use may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies. Also, in the future, we may disclose other non-GAAP financial measures in order to help our investors more meaningfully evaluate and compare our future results of operations to our previously reported results of operations.
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We view EBITDA and pro forma earnings as operating performance measures and as such we believe that the GAAP financial measure most directly comparable to them is net income (loss). In calculating EBITDA and pro forma earnings, we exclude from net income (loss) the financial items that we believe should be separately identified to provide additional analysis of the financial components of the day-to-day operation of our business. We have outlined below the type and scope of these exclusions and the material limitations on the use of these non-GAAP financial measures as a result of these exclusions. EBITDA and pro forma earnings are not measurements of financial performance under GAAP and should not be considered as measures of liquidity, as alternatives to net income (loss) or as indicators of any other measure of performance derived in accordance with GAAP. Investors and potential investors in our securities should not rely on EBITDA and pro forma earnings as a substitute for any GAAP financial measure, including net income (loss). In addition, we urge investors and potential investors in our securities to carefully review the reconciliation of EBITDA to net income (loss) set forth below and to carefully review the GAAP financial information included as part of our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and our Annual Reports on Form 10-K that are filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, as well as our quarterly earnings releases, and compare the GAAP financial information with our EBITDA and pro forma earnings.
EBITDA and pro forma earnings are used by management to internally measure our operating and management performance and by investors as supplemental financial measures to evaluate the performance of our business that, when viewed with our GAAP results and the accompanying reconciliation, we believe provide additional information that is useful to gain an understanding of the factors and trends affecting our business. We have spent more than 16 years building our database of commercial real estate information and expanding our markets and services partially through acquisitions of complimentary businesses. Due to the expansion of our information services, which included acquisitions, our net income (loss) includes significant charges for purchase amortization, depreciation and other amortization. EBITDA and pro forma earnings, which exclude these charges, provide meaningful information about the operating performance of our business, apart from charges for purchase amortization, depreciation and other amortization. We believe the disclosure of EBITDA and pro forma earnings helps investors meaningfully evaluate and compare our performance from quarter to quarter and from year to year. We also believe EBITDA and pro forma earnings are measures of our ongoing operating performance because the isolation of non-cash charges, such as amortization and depreciation, and non-operating items, such as interest and income taxes, provides additional information about our cost structure, and, over time, helps track our operating progress. In addition, investors, securities analysts and others regularly rely on EBITDA and pro forma earnings to provide a financial measure by which to compare our operating performance against that of other companies in our industry. Finally, management and the Board of Directors use pro forma earnings as one of several criteria to determine the achievement of performance-based cash bonuses.
Set forth below are descriptions of the financial items that have been excluded from our net income (loss) to calculate EBITDA and pro forma earnings and the material limitations associated with using these non-GAAP financial measures as compared to net income (loss):
| Purchase amortization in cost of revenues may be useful for investors to consider because it represents the use of our acquired database technology, which is one of the sources of information for our database of commercial real estate information. We do not believe these charges reflect the current and ongoing cash charges related to our operating cost structure. | |||
| Purchase amortization in operating expenses may be useful for investors to consider because it represents the estimated attrition of our acquired customer base and the diminishing value of any acquired tradenames. We do not believe these charges reflect the current and ongoing cash charges related to our operating cost structure. | |||
| Depreciation and other amortization may be useful for investors to consider because they generally represent the wear and tear on our property and equipment used in our operations. We do not believe these charges reflect the current and ongoing cash charges related to our operating cost structure. | |||
| The amount of net interest income we generate may be useful for investors to consider and may result in current cash inflows or outflows. However, management does not consider the amount of net interest income representative of the day-to-day operating performance of our business. |
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| Income tax expense (benefit) may be useful for investors to consider because it generally represents the taxes payable for the period and the change in deferred income taxes during the period and may reduce the amount of funds otherwise available for use in our business. However, management does not consider the amount of income tax expense (benefit) representative of the day-to-day operating performance of our business. |
Management compensates for the above-described limitations of using non-GAAP measures by only using non-GAAP measures to supplement our GAAP results and to provide additional information that is useful to gain an understanding of the factors and trends affecting our business.
The following table shows our EBITDA reconciled to our GAAP net income (loss) and our cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities for the indicated periods (in thousands of dollars):
Three Months Ended | ||||||||
March 31, |
||||||||
2004 |
2003 |
|||||||
Net income (loss) |
$ | 1,481 | $ | (843 | ) | |||
Purchase amortization in cost of revenues |
621 | 703 | ||||||
Purchase amortization in operating expenses |
1,126 | 1,112 | ||||||
Depreciation and other amortization |
1,570 | 1,456 | ||||||
Interest income, net |
(238 | ) | (78 | ) | ||||
Income tax expense |
103 | | ||||||
Income tax benefit from purchase amortization |
(115 | ) | | |||||
EBITDA |
$ | 4,548 | $ | 2,350 | ||||
Cash flows provided by (used in) |
||||||||
Operating activities |
$ | 6,085 | $ | 1,097 | ||||
Investing activities |
(12,391 | ) | (1,869 | ) | ||||
Financing activities |
1,856 | 125 |
Comparison of Three Months Ended March 31, 2004 and Three Months Ended March 31, 2003
Revenues. Revenues grew 16.5% from $22.6 million in the first quarter of 2003 to $26.3 million in the first quarter of 2004. This growth was the result of further penetration of our subscription-based information services in our existing and potential customer base, as well as the successful cross-selling of our information services into our existing customer base across our service platform. Our subscription-based information services, consisting primarily of CoStar Property Professional, CoStar Tenant, CoStar COMPS Professional and FOCUS services, currently generate over 90% of our total revenues.
Gross Margin. Gross margin increased from $15.0 million in the first quarter of 2003 to $18.3 million in the first quarter of 2004. Gross margin percentage also increased from 66.3% to 69.8%. The increase in the gross margin amount and percentage resulted principally from internal revenue growth from our subscription-based information services. Cost of revenues increased from $7.6 million for the first quarter of 2003 to $7.9 million for the first quarter of 2004 principally due to increased research costs associated with our U.K. markets, and additional third-party data costs from our U.S. markets.
Selling and Marketing Expenses. Selling and marketing expenses increased from $6.6 million in the first quarter of 2003 to $7.2 million in the first quarter of 2004 and decreased as a percentage of revenues from 29.1% in the first quarter of 2003 to 27.4% in the first quarter of 2004. The increase in the amount of selling and marketing expenses was primarily due to our annual internal sales training costs, increased marketing campaigns and the hiring of new sales employees in our U.K. markets.
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Software Development Expenses. Software development expenses increased from $1.7 million in the first quarter of 2003 to $1.9 million in the first quarter of 2004 and decreased as a percentage of revenues from 7.5% in the first quarter of 2003 to 7.3% in the first quarter of 2004. This increase in the amount of software and development expenses was due to the hiring of new employees to support our continued focus on service enhancements and development as well as internal information systems to manage the Companys growth.
General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses increased from $6.5 million in the first quarter of 2003 to $6.9 million in the first quarter of 2004 and decreased as a percentage of revenues from 28.8% in the first quarter of 2003 to 26.1% in the first quarter of 2004. The increase in the amount of general and administrative expenses was primarily due to increased outside services and occupancy costs.
Purchase Amortization. Purchase amortization remained relatively stable at $1.1 million in the first quarters of 2003 and 2004.
Other Income, Net. Interest and other income increased from $77,000 in the first quarter of 2003 to $238,000 in the first quarter of 2004. This increase was primarily a result of higher total cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments for the first quarter of 2004 as compared to the first quarter of 2003.
Income Tax Expense (Benefit). Income tax benefit increased from $0 in the first quarter of 2003 to $12,000 in the first quarter of 2004. This increase is a result of the realized income tax benefit of approximately $115,000 recognized to offset the non-deductible amortization expense of the related identified intangible assets acquired in connection with the Property Intelligence acquisition. This increase was offset by approximately $103,000 of income tax expense, which we incurred because we are subject to Federal alternative minimum taxes and because certain state and local tax jurisdictions do not currently recognize portions of our net loss carryforwards.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our principal sources of liquidity are cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments. Total cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments increased $7.3 million from $97.4 million at December 31, 2003 to $104.7 million at March 31, 2004. This increase was primarily due to net cash provided by operating activities of $6.1 million and proceeds of $1.9 million from employee stock option exercises to purchase approximately 240,000 shares of common stock, offset by purchases of property and equipment of approximately $816,000.
Net cash provided by operating activities for the quarter ended March 31, 2004 was $6.1 million compared to $1.1 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2003. This $5.0 million increase in net cash provided by operating activities was principally the result of revenue growth and the resulting growth in gross margin, which contributed to our $1.5 million of GAAP net income in the first quarter 2004 compared to a GAAP net loss of $843,000 in the first quarter 2003.
Net cash used in investing activities was $12.4 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2004 compared to $1.9 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2003. This $10.5 million increase in net cash used in investing activities was principally due to the increase in purchases of short-term investments.
Net cash provided by financing activities was $1.9 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2004 compared to $125,000 for the quarter ended March 31, 2003. This $1.8 million increase in net cash provided by financing activities was the result of proceeds from employee stock option exercises to purchase approximately 240,000 shares of common stock in the first quarter of 2004.
During the three months ended March 31, 2004, we incurred capital expenditures of approximately $816,000 to support our existing operations. Capital expenditures during the second quarter are expected to include investments in assets required to support our planned market expansion, including additional field research vehicles, building photography and initial databases, as well as communications, measuring, photographic and computer equipment, totaling approximately $3.0 million. Additionally, we expect to incur approximately $1.0 million of capital expenditures during the second quarter to support existing operations.
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To date, we have grown in part by acquiring other companies and we may continue to make acquisitions. Our acquisitions may vary in size and could be material to our current operations. We expect to use cash, stock, debt or other means of funding to make these acquisitions.
Based on current plans, we believe that our available cash combined with positive cash flow provided by operating activities should be sufficient to fund our operations for at least the next 12 months.
In the third quarter of 2003, we achieved positive pre-tax income for the first time since our inception in 1987. We have maintained positive pre-tax income through the quarter ended March 31, 2004, which has enabled us to utilize some of our net operating loss carryforwards for tax purposes. Although our net operating loss carryforwards are substantial, we are subject to limitations on their use. Furthermore, we are subject to Federal alternative minimum taxes and state and local tax jurisdictions may not recognize portions of these loss carryforwards. As a result, we incurred current income tax expense of approximately $103,000 for the first quarter of 2004. In addition, during January 2004 upon the completion of our review of current information regarding the income tax attributes and deferred taxes related to the Property Intelligence acquisition, we recorded deferred income taxes of $3.1 million on the separately identified intangible assets. We will realize an income tax benefit from these deferred income taxes as the identified intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives. Accordingly, we recognized an income tax benefit of approximately $115,000 during the first quarter of 2004 to offset the non-deductible amortization expense of the related identified intangible assets acquired in connection with the Property Intelligence acquisition. As a result, we incurred a net income tax benefit of approximately $12,000 for the quarter ended March 31, 2004.
We do not believe the impact of inflation has significantly affected our operations.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Effective January 1, 2003, we adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 146, Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities (SFAS 146). SFAS 146 requires companies to recognize costs associated with exit or disposal activities when they are incurred rather than at the date of commitment to an exit or disposal plan. SFAS 146 replaces previous accounting guidance provided by Emerging Issues Task Force Issue No. 94-3, Liability Recognition for Certain Employee Termination Benefits and Other Costs to Exit an Activity (including Certain Costs Incurred in a Restructuring), and is effective for exit or disposal activities initiated after December 31, 2002. Adoption of this statement had no impact on our consolidated financial position, consolidated results of operations, or liquidity.
In December 2002, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 148, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation Transition and Disclosure (SFAS 148). SFAS 148 amends Financial Accounting Standards No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation (SFAS 123) and provides alternative methods of transition for a voluntary change to the fair value method of accounting for stock-based employee compensation. In addition, SFAS 148 amends the disclosure requirements of SFAS 123 regardless of the accounting method used to account for stock-based compensation. We have chosen to continue to account for stock-based employee compensation using the intrinsic value method prescribed by Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees and related interpretations. We have adopted the disclosure requirements of SFAS 123 and SFAS 148.
In March 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued an Exposure Draft on Share-Based Payment, an amendment of FASB Statements No. 123 and 95. In this proposed Statement, the FASB believes that employee services received in exchange for equity instruments give rise to recognizable compensation cost as the services are used in the issuing entitys operations. As a result, the proposed Statement would require that public companies measure the compensation cost related to employee services received in exchange for equity instruments issued based on the grant-date fair value of those instruments. The FASB will also consider other items such as streamlining volatility assumptions and addressing the fair value measurement models. The proposed requirements in the Exposure Draft would be effective as of the beginning of the first fiscal year beginning after December 15, 2004 for public companies.
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If we elected or were required to record an expense for our stock-based compensation plans using the fair value method, we could have significant accounting charges. For example, in the first quarter of fiscal year 2004, had we accounted for stock-based compensation plans using the fair-value method prescribed in SFAS 123 as amended by SFAS 148, we believe earnings per share would have been reduced by $0.08 per share and we would have reported no earnings per share. We are evaluating our compensation practices and may develop alternative stock-based employee compensation plans, including without limitation the issuance of restricted stock, which may result in recording additional expense to our consolidated statements of operations and reduce our GAAP net income.
Cautionary Statement Concerning Forward-Looking Statements
We have made forward-looking statements in this Report and make forward looking statements in our press releases and conference calls that are subject to risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements include information that is not purely historic fact and include, without limitation, statements concerning our financial outlook for 2004 and beyond, our possible or assumed future results of operations generally, and other statements and information regarding assumptions about our revenues, pro forma earnings, EBITDA, GAAP net income, taxable income, cash flow from operating activities, available cash, operating costs, amortization expense, intangible asset recovery, net income per share, diluted net income per share, weighted-average outstanding shares, capital and other expenditures, purchase amortization, financing plans, geographic expansion, capital structure, contractual obligations, legal proceedings and claims, our database, services and facilities, employee relations, future economic performance, managements plans, goals and objectives for future operations and growth and markets for our stock. The sections of this Report which contain forward-looking statements include Legal Proceedings, Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, Risk Factors, Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk and the Financial Statements and related Notes.
Our forward-looking statements are also identified by words such as believes, expects, thinks, anticipates, intends, estimates or similar expressions. You should understand that these forward-looking statements are necessarily estimates reflecting our judgment, not guarantees of future performance. They are subject to a number of assumptions, risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements. The following important factors, in addition to those discussed in Risk Factors, and other unforeseen events or circumstances, could affect our future results and could cause those results or other outcomes to differ materially from those expressed or implied in our forward-looking statements: customer retention; competition; general economic conditions; our ability to identify and integrate acquisitions; our ability to control costs; our ability to complete successfully our planned expansion; changes or consolidations within the commercial real estate industry; release of new and upgraded services by us or our competitors; data quality; development of our sales force; employee retention; technical problems with our services; managerial execution; changes in relationships with real estate brokers and other strategic partners; foreign currency fluctuations; legal and regulatory issues; changes in accounting policies or practices; and successful adoption of and training on our services.
Accordingly, you should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this Report. All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to us or any person acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements contained or referred to in this section. We do not undertake any obligation to release publicly any revisions to these forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this Report or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.
Risk Factors
We may not be able to complete successfully our planned geographic expansion, which may negatively impact our business, results of operations and financial condition. Expanding into new markets imposes additional burdens on our research, systems development, sales, marketing and general managerial resources. In 2004, we expect to expand into 21 new U.S. markets and expand geographic coverage in certain of our existing markets. If we are unable to manage this expansion plan effectively, our financial condition could be adversely affected. In addition, if we incur significant costs to expand into these new markets, or are not successful in marketing and selling our services in these markets, it may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition by increasing our expenses without increasing our revenues, adversely affecting our profitability.
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We have experienced operating losses and our future profitability is uncertain. Until the third quarter of 2003, we had not recorded an overall operating profit because the investment required for geographic expansion and new information services has caused our expenses to exceed our revenues. Our ability to continue to earn a profit will largely depend on our ability to manage our growth, including our expansion plans, and to generate revenues that exceed our expenses. In addition, our ability to continue to earn a profit, to increase revenues or to control costs could be affected by the factors set forth herein. We may not be able to generate revenues or control expenses sufficient to earn a profit, to increase profits on a quarterly or annual basis, or to sustain or increase our future revenue growth and, as a result, the market price of our common stock may decline.
A downturn or consolidation in the commercial real estate industry may decrease customer demand for our services. The commercial real estate industry has begun to stabilize in recent months, as evidenced by improving leasing activity, rental rates and absorption rates. However, a reversal of this trend or renewed downturn in the commercial real estate market may continue to affect our ability to generate revenues and may lead to more cancellations by our current or future customers, both of which could cause our revenues or our revenue growth rate to decline and reduce our profitability. A depressed commercial real estate market has a negative impact on our core customer base, which could decrease demand for our information services. Also, companies in this industry are consolidating, often in order to reduce expenses. Consolidation may lead to more cancellations of our information services by our customers, reduce the number of our existing clients, reduce the size of our target market or increase our clients bargaining power, all of which could cause our revenues or our revenue growth rate to decline and reduce our profitability.
General economic conditions could increase our expenses and reduce our revenues. Our business and the commercial real estate industry are particularly affected by negative trends in the general economy. The success of our business depends on a number of factors relating to general global, national, regional and local economic conditions, including inflation, interest rates, perceived and actual economic conditions, taxation policies, availability of credit, employment levels, and wage and salary levels. Negative general economic conditions could adversely affect our business by reducing our revenues and profitability. Additionally, any war in which the United States is involved or any significant terrorist attack is likely to have a dampening effect on the economy in general which could negatively affect our financial performance and our stock price. In addition, a significant increase in inflation could increase our expenses, which may not be offset by increased revenues. If clients choose to cancel our information services as a result of economic conditions, and we do not acquire new clients, our revenues may decline and our financial position would be adversely affected.
If we are not able to successfully identify and integrate acquisitions, our business operations and financial condition could be adversely affected. We have expanded our markets and services in part through acquisitions of complementary businesses, services, databases and technologies, and expect to continue to do so in the future. Our strategy to acquire complementary companies or assets depends on our ability to identify, and the availability of, suitable acquisition candidates. In addition, acquisitions involve numerous risks, including managing the integration of personnel and products; managing geographically remote operations, such as Property Intelligence in the United Kingdom; the diversion of managements attention from other business concerns; the inherent risks in entering markets and sectors in which we have either limited or no direct experience; and the potential loss of key employees or clients of the acquired companies. We may not successfully integrate any acquired businesses or assets and may not achieve anticipated benefits of any acquisition. Future acquisitions that we may pursue could result in dilutive issuances of equity securities, the incurrence of debt, one-time write-offs of goodwill and substantial amortization expenses of other intangible assets.
If our operating costs are higher than we expect, our profitability may be reduced. Many of our expenses, particularly personnel costs and occupancy costs, are relatively fixed. As a result, we may not be able to adjust spending quickly enough to offset any unexpected revenue shortfall or increase in expenses. Additionally, we may experience higher than expected operating costs, including increased personnel costs, occupancy costs, selling and marketing costs, investments in geographic expansion, acquisition costs, communications costs, travel costs, software development costs, outside services costs and other costs. If operating costs exceed our expectations or cannot be adjusted accordingly, our profitability may be reduced and our results of operations and financial condition will be adversely affected.
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If we account for employee stock option plans using the fair value method, it could significantly reduce our net income and earnings per share. There has been ongoing public debate whether employee stock option plan shares should be treated as a compensation expense and, if so, how to properly value such charges. If we elected or were required to record an expense for our stock-based compensation plans using the fair value method, we could have significant accounting charges that would significantly lower our GAAP-basis net income. For example, in the first quarter of fiscal year 2004, had we accounted for stock-based compensation plans using the fair-value method prescribed in SFAS 123 as amended by SFAS 148, we believe our earnings per share would have been reduced by $0.08 per share and we would have reported no earnings per share. We are not currently required to record any compensation expense using the fair value method in connection with option grants to employees that have an exercise price at or above fair market value at the grant date. On March 31, 2004, the FASB issued an Exposure Draft, Share-Based Payment: an amendment of FASB Statements No. 123 and 95, which would require a company to recognize the fair value of stock options and other stock-based compensation to employees for 2005 reporting periods. The proposed requirements in the Exposure Draft would be effective as of the beginning of the first fiscal year beginning after December 15, 2004 for public companies. See Note 2 to our Notes To Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a more detailed presentation of accounting for stock-based compensation plans.
We may not be able to successfully introduce new or upgraded information services, which could decrease our revenues and our profitability. Our future business and financial success will depend on our ability to continue to introduce new and upgraded services into the marketplace. To be successful, we must adapt to rapid technological changes by continually enhancing our information services. Developing new services and upgrades to services imposes heavy burdens on our systems department, management and researchers. This process is costly, and we cannot assure you that we will be able to successfully develop and enhance our services. In addition, successfully launching and selling a new service puts pressure on our sales and marketing resources. If we are unable to develop new or upgraded services, then our customers may choose a competitive service over ours and our revenues may decline and our profitability may be reduced. In addition, if we incur significant costs in developing new or upgraded services, are not successful in marketing and selling these new services or upgrades, or our customers fail to accept these new services, it could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations by decreasing our revenues or our revenue growth rate and by reducing our profitability.
Our stock price may be negatively affected by fluctuations in our operating results. Our operating results, revenues and expenses may fluctuate with general economic conditions and also for many other reasons, many of which are outside of our control, such as: cancellations or non-renewals of our services; competition; our ability to control expenses; loss of clients or revenues; changes or consolidation in the real estate industry; the timing and success of new service introductions and enhancements; successful execution of our expansion plan; the development of our sales force; managerial execution; data quality; employee retention; foreign currency fluctuations; our investments in geographic expansion; successful adoption of and training on the Companys services; the timing of investing the net proceeds from our offerings; acquisitions of other companies or assets; sales, brand enhancement and marketing promotional activities; client training and support activities; changes in client budgets; or our investments in other corporate resources. In addition, changes in accounting policies or practices may affect our level of GAAP net income, including without limitation, changes requiring us to expense stock options. Fluctuations in our operating results, revenues and expenses may cause the market price of our common stock to decline.
Our revenues and financial condition will be adversely affected if we are not able to attract and retain clients. Our success and revenues depend on attracting and retaining subscribers to our information services. Our subscription-based information services generate the largest portion of our revenues. However, we may be unable to attract new clients in planned expansion markets and our clients in existing markets may decide not to add, not to renew or to cancel subscription services as a result of several factors, including without limitation: a decision that they have no need for our services; a decision to use alternative services; pricing and budgetary constraints; consolidation in the real estate industry; data quality; technical problems; or economic or competitive pressures. If clients decide not to renew or cancel their agreements, and we do not attract new clients, then our revenues or our revenue growth rate may decline.
Competition could render our services uncompetitive. The market for information systems and services in general is highly competitive and rapidly changing. Our existing competitors, or future competitors, may have
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greater name recognition, larger customer bases, better technology or data, lower prices, easier access to data, greater user traffic or greater financial, technical or marketing resources than we have. Our competitors may be able to undertake more effective marketing campaigns, obtain more data, adopt more aggressive pricing policies, make more attractive offers to potential employees, subscribers, distribution partners and content providers or may be able to respond more quickly to new or emerging technologies or changes in user requirements. Increased competition could result in lower revenues and higher expenses, which would reduce our profitability.
International expansion may result in new business risks which may reduce our profitability. Our international expansion could subject us to new business risks, including: adapting to the differing business practices and laws in foreign countries; difficulties in managing foreign operations; limited protection for intellectual property rights in some countries; difficulty in collecting accounts receivable and longer collection periods; costs of enforcing contractual obligations; impact of recessions in economies outside the United States; currency exchange rate fluctuations; and potentially adverse tax consequences. In addition, international expansion imposes additional burdens on our executive and administrative personnel, systems development, research and sales departments, and general managerial resources. If we are not able to manage our growth successfully, we may incur higher expenses and our profitability may be reduced. Finally, the investment required for international expansion could exceed the profit generated from such expansion, which would reduce our profitability and adversely affect our financial condition.
Fluctuating foreign currencies may negatively impact our business, results of operations and financial condition. As a result of the Property Intelligence acquisition, a portion of our business is denominated in the British Pound and as a result, fluctuations in foreign currencies may have an impact on our business, results of operations, and financial condition. Currencies may be affected by internal factors, and external developments in other countries, all of which can have an adverse impact on a countrys currency. Currently, we do not have any hedging transactions to reduce our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations. We may seek to enter into hedging transactions in the future but we may be unable to enter into these transactions successfully, on acceptable terms or at all. We cannot predict whether we will incur foreign exchange losses in the future, and significant foreign exchange fluctuations resulting in a decline in the British Pound may decrease the value of our foreign assets, as well as decrease our revenues and earnings from our foreign subsidiaries.
If we are not able to obtain and maintain accurate, comprehensive or reliable data, we could experience reduced demand for our information services. Our success depends on our clients confidence in the comprehensiveness, accuracy and reliability of the data we provide. The task of establishing and maintaining accurate and reliable data is challenging. If our data, including the data we obtain from third parties, is not current, accurate, comprehensive or reliable, we could experience reduced demand for our services or legal claims by our customers, which could result in lower revenues and higher expenses.
If we are unable to hire, retain and continue to develop our sales force, our revenues could be adversely affected. In order to support revenue growth, we need to continue to develop, train and retain our sales force. Our ability to build and develop a strong sales force may be affected by a number of factors, including: our ability to attract, integrate and motivate sales personnel; our ability to effectively train our sales force; the ability of our sales force to sell an increased number of services; the length of time it takes new sales personnel to become productive; the competition we face from other companies in hiring and retaining sales personnel; and our ability to effectively manage a multi-location sales organization. If we are unable to hire, develop or retain the members of our sales force, or if our sales force is unproductive, our revenues could decline or cease to grow and our expenses could increase.
Temporary or permanent outages of our computers, software or telecommunications equipment could lead to reduced demand for our information services. Our operations depend on our ability to protect our database, computers and software, telecommunications equipment and facilities against damage from potential dangers such as fire, power loss, security breaches, computer viruses and telecommunications failures. Any temporary or permanent loss of one or more of these systems or facilities from an accident, equipment malfunction or some other cause could harm our business. If we experience a failure that prevents us from delivering our information services to clients, we could experience reduced demand for our information services.
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Technical problems that affect our customers use of or access to our services could lead to reduced demand for our information services. Our business increasingly depends upon the satisfactory performance, reliability and availability of our web site, the Internet and our service providers. Problems with our web site, the Internet or the services provided by our local exchange carriers or Internet service providers could result in slower connections for our customers or interfere with our customers access to our information services. If we experience technical problems in distributing our services, we could experience reduced demand for our information services. In addition, the software underlying our services is complex and may contain undetected errors. Despite testing, we cannot be certain that errors will not be found in our software. Any errors could result in adverse publicity, impaired use of our services, loss of revenues, cost increases and legal claims by customers. All these factors could seriously damage our business, operating results and financial condition.
Our business depends on retaining and attracting highly capable management and operating personnel. Our success depends in large part on our ability to retain and attract management and operating personnel, including our President and Chief Executive Officer, Andrew Florance, our officers and other key employees. Our business requires highly skilled technical, sales, management, web-development, marketing and research personnel, who are in high demand and are often subject to competing offers. To retain and attract key personnel, we use various measures, including employment agreements, a stock incentive plan and incentive bonuses for key executive officers. These measures may not be enough to retain and attract the personnel we need or to offset the impact on our business of the loss of the services of Mr. Florance or other key officers or employees.
Litigation in which we become involved or newly-adopted laws and regulations may significantly increase our expenses. Currently and from time to time, we are involved in litigation incidental to the conduct of our business. We cannot assure you that we will have sufficient insurance to cover our pending claims or our future claims. Any lawsuits in which we are involved could cost us a significant amount of time and money. If any claims are determined against us, our profitability could be reduced and our financial position could be adversely affected. In addition, governments in the United States or abroad could adopt laws that could harm our business by for example, regulating the information we provide or regulating our transmissions over the Internet, or exposing our business to taxes in various jurisdictions. Compliance with any such laws could increase our costs or make our services less attractive.
If we are unable to enforce or defend our ownership and use of intellectual property, our business, competitive position and operating results could be harmed. The success of our business depends in large part on the intellectual property involved in our methodologies, database, services and software. We rely on a combination of trade secret, patent, copyright and other laws, nondisclosure and noncompetition provisions, license agreements and other contractual provisions and technical measures to protect our intellectual property rights. However, current law may not provide for adequate protection of our databases and the actual data. In addition, legal standards relating to the validity, enforceability and scope of protection of proprietary rights in Internet-related businesses are uncertain and evolving, and we cannot assure you of the future viability or value of any of our proprietary rights. Our business could be significantly harmed if we are not able to protect our content and our other intellectual property. The same would be true if a court found that our services infringe other persons intellectual property rights. Any intellectual property lawsuits in which we are involved, either as a plaintiff or as a defendant, could cost us a significant amount of time and money and distract managements attention from operating our business. In addition, if we do not prevail on any intellectual property claims, this could result in a change to our methodology or information services and could reduce our profitability.
We may be subject to legal liability for displaying or distributing information. Because the content in our database is distributed to others, we may be subject to claims for defamation, negligence or copyright or trademark infringement or claims based on other theories. We could also be subject to claims based upon the content that is accessible from our web site through links to other web sites or information on our web site supplied by third parties. Even if these claims do not result in liability to us, we could incur significant costs in investigating and defending against any claims. Our potential liability for information distributed by us to others could require us to implement measures to reduce our exposure to such liability, which may require us to expend substantial resources and limit the attractiveness of our information services to users.
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Market volatility may have an adverse effect on our stock price. The trading price of our common stock has fluctuated widely in the past, and we expect that it will continue to fluctuate in the future. The price could fluctuate widely based on numerous factors, including: quarter-to-quarter variations in our operating results; changes in analysts estimates of our earnings; announcements by us or our competitors of technological innovations or new services; general conditions in the commercial real estate industry; developments or disputes concerning copyrights or proprietary rights; regulatory developments; and economic or other factors. In addition, in recent years, the stock market in general, and the shares of Internet-related and other technology companies in particular, have experienced extreme price fluctuations. This volatility has had a substantial effect on the market prices of securities issued by many companies for reasons unrelated to the operating performance of the specific companies.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
We provide information services to the commercial real estate and related business community in the United States and the United Kingdom. Our functional currency for our operations in the United Kingdom is the local currency. As such, fluctuations in the British Pound may have an impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition. We currently do not use financial instruments to hedge our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations with respect to our foreign subsidiary. We may seek to enter hedging transactions in the future to reduce our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations, but we may be unable to enter into hedging transactions successfully, on acceptable terms or at all. As of March 31, 2004, accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) included a gain from foreign currency translation adjustments of approximately $3.0 million.
We do not have significant exposure to market risks associated with changes in interest rates related to cash equivalent securities held as of March 31, 2004.
We have a substantial amount of intangible assets. Although as of March 31, 2004 we believe our intangible assets will be recoverable, changes in the economy, the business in which we operate and our own relative performance could change the assumptions used to evaluate intangible asset recoverability. In the event that we determine that an asset has been impaired, we would recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the asset. We continue to monitor these assumptions and their effect on the estimated recoverability of our intangible assets.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SECs rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.
As of March 31, 2004, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based on the foregoing, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective and were operating at the reasonable assurance level.
There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during our most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
Currently, and from time to time, we are involved in litigation incidental to the conduct of our business. We are not a party to any lawsuit or proceeding that, in the opinion of our management, is likely to have a material adverse effect on our financial position or results of operations.
Item 2. Change in Securities, Use of Proceeds and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
None
Item 3. Defaults upon Senior Securities
None
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
None
Item 5. Other Information
None
Item 6. Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-K
(a) | Exhibits |
3.1
|
Restated Certificate of Incorporation (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Amendment No. 4 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 of the Registrant (Reg. No. 333-47953) filed with the Commission on June 30, 1998 (the 1998 Form S-1) | |
3.2
|
Certificate of Amendment of Restated Certificate of Incorporation (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrants Report on Form 10-Q dated June 30, 1999). | |
3.3
|
Amended and Restated By-Laws (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the 1998 Form S-1). | |
*10.1
|
Form of Indemnification Agreement, dated March 15, 2004, between CoStar Group, Inc. and each of its officers and directors | |
31.1
|
Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | |
31.2
|
Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | |
32.1
|
Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Sec. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | |
32.2
|
Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Sec. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | |
* Management Contract or Compensatory Plan or Arrangement. |
(b) | Reports on Form 8-K | |||
Current Report on Form 8-K furnished to the SEC on February 17, 2004, furnishing CoStar Group, Inc.s earnings release for the year ended December 31, 2003. |
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
COSTAR GROUP, INC. | ||||
Date: May 7, 2004
|
By: | /s/ Frank A. Carchedi | ||
Frank A. Carchedi | ||||
Chief Financial Officer | ||||
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer and Duly | ||||
Authorized Officer) |
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