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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

     
[X]
  QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2004
 
   
OR
 
   
[   ]
  TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For the transition period from           to          

Commission File Number 000-31523

IXIA

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
     
California
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
  95-4635982
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

26601 West Agoura Road, Calabasas, CA 91302
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

(818) 871-1800
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X] No [  ]

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes [X] No [  ]

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

     
Common Stock
(Class of Common Stock)
  61,679,315
(Outstanding at November 3, 2004)



 


IXIA

TABLE OF CONTENTS

         
    Page Number
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
       
Item 1. Financial Statements (unaudited)
       
    3  
    4  
    5  
    6  
    11  
    16  
    17  
       
    17  
    17  
    18  
 Exhibit 31.1
 Exhibit 31.2
 Exhibit 32.1

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IXIA

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(in thousands)

                 
    September 30,   December 31,
    2004
  2003
    (unaudited)        
Assets
               
Current assets:
               
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 58,444     $ 41,708  
Short-term investments in marketable securities
    23,434       22,143  
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $775 and $410 as of September 30, 2004 and December 31, 2003, respectively
    23,740       17,121  
Inventories
    6,539       5,585  
Income taxes receivable
    939       2,011  
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
    6,876       6,927  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Total current assets
    119,972       95,495  
Investments in marketable securities
    46,191       58,072  
Property and equipment, net
    10,519       6,907  
Goodwill
    9,252       1,592  
Other intangible assets, net
    21,729       19,960  
Other assets
    3,137       2,992  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Total assets
  $ 210,800     $ 185,018  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
               
Current liabilities:
               
Accounts payable
  $ 2,267     $ 806  
Accrued expenses
    9,519       8,825  
Deferred revenues
    6,021       5,436  
Income taxes payable
    4,073       2,897  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Total current liabilities
    21,880       17,964  
Deferred income taxes
    2,166        
 
   
 
     
 
 
Total liabilities
    24,046       17,964  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Shareholders’ equity:
               
Common stock, without par value; 200,000 shares
authorized, 60,766 and 59,642 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2004 and December 31, 2003, respectively
    91,004       84,048  
Additional paid-in capital
    49,787       48,769  
Deferred stock-based compensation
          (419 )
Retained earnings
    45,963       34,656  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Total shareholders’ equity
    186,754       167,054  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
  $ 210,800     $ 185,018  
 
   
 
     
 
 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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IXIA

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income
(in thousands, except per share data)

(unaudited)
                                 
    Three months ended   Nine months ended
    September 30,
  September 30,
    2004
  2003
  2004
  2003
Net revenues
  $ 30,092     $ 21,635     $ 81,816     $ 60,484  
Cost of revenues(1)
    5,382       4,153       14,644       11,235  
Amortization of purchased technology
    836       588       2,207       588  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Gross profit
    23,874       16,894       64,965       48,661  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Operating expenses: (1)
                               
Research and development
    6,552       5,378       17,997       16,385  
Sales and marketing
    7,900       6,333       23,327       18,384  
General and administrative
    3,036       2,368       8,398       6,813  
Amortization of purchased intangible assets
    373       305       1,161       770  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Total operating expenses
    17,861       14,384       50,883       42,352  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Income from operations
    6,013       2,510       14,082       6,309  
Interest and other income, net
    597       716       1,930       2,329  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Income before income taxes
    6,610       3,226       16,012       8,638  
Income tax expense
    1,871       813       4,705       2,247  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Net income
  $ 4,739     $ 2,413     $ 11,307     $ 6,391  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Earnings per share:
                               
Basic
  $ 0.08     $ 0.04     $ 0.19     $ 0.11  
Diluted
  $ 0.07     $ 0.04     $ 0.18     $ 0.10  
Weighted average number of common and common equivalent shares outstanding:
                               
Basic
    60,711       58,436       60,351       58,028  
Diluted
    63,856       62,455       64,311       61,674  

(1) Stock-based compensation included in:
                               
Cost of revenues
  $ 1     $ 33     $ 30     $ 125  
Research and development
    8       209       271       1,094  
Sales and marketing
    5       99       80       96  
General and administrative
    1       56       38       230  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
 
  $ 15     $ 397     $ 419     $ 1,545  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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IXIA

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(in thousands)

(unaudited)
                 
    Nine months ended
    September 30,
    2004
  2003
Cash flows from operating activities:
               
Net income
  $ 11,307     $ 6,391  
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
               
Depreciation and amortization
    2,817       3,301  
Amortization of purchased intangible assets
    3,368       1,358  
Provision for doubtful accounts
    365       215  
Stock-based compensation
    419       1,545  
Deferred income taxes
    522       103  
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effect of acquisitions:
               
Accounts receivable
    (6,734 )     (5,868 )
Inventories
    (872 )     (282 )
Income taxes receivable
    1,072        
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
    487       441  
Other assets
    (194 )     (503 )
Accounts payable
    1,143       362  
Accrued expenses
    220       4,618  
Deferred revenue
    309       2,500  
Income taxes payable
    2,216       961  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Net cash provided by operating activities
    16,445       15,142  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Cash flows from investing activities:
               
Purchases of property and equipment
    (6,320 )     (3,136 )
Purchases of marketable securities
    (18,410 )     (43,733 )
Proceeds from marketable securities
    29,000       32,535  
Purchase of technology and other intangible assets
    (1,437 )     (344 )
Payments in connection with acquisitions
    (5,735 )     (18,138 )
 
   
 
     
 
 
Cash used in investing activities
    (2,902 )     (32,816 )
 
   
 
     
 
 
Cash flows from financing activities:
               
Proceeds from exercise of stock options
    3,193       1,854  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Net cash provided by financing activities
    3,193       1,854  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
    16,736       (15,820 )
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
    41,708       58,865  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
  $ 58,444     $ 43,045  
 
   
 
     
 
 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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IXIA

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2004
(unaudited)

1.   Business

     Ixia (the “Company”) was incorporated on May 27, 1997 as a California corporation. The Company develops, markets and sells high performance IP network testing solutions. These solutions are highly scalable and generate, capture, characterize, and emulate network and application traffic, establishing definitive performance and conformance metrics of network devices or systems under test. The Company’s testing solutions are used by network and telephony equipment manufacturers, semiconductor manufacturers, service providers, and large enterprises to validate the functionality and reliability of complex IP networks, devices, and applications. The Company’s IxVoice products address the growing need for IP telephony test solutions for developing Voice over IP networks. The Company’s Real World Traffic Suite addresses the growing need to test applications and networks prior to deployment under realistic load conditions. The Company’s analysis solutions utilize a wide range of industry-standard interfaces, including Ethernet, SONET and ATM.

2.   Basis of Presentation

     The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2004 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2004 and 2003, are unaudited and reflect all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s financial position, operating results and cash flows for the interim periods presented. The results of operations for the current interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the full year ending December 31, 2004 or any other future period.

     These condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. These consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003.

3.   Inventories

     Inventories consist of the following (in thousands):

                 
    September 30,   December 31,
    2004
  2003
Raw materials
  $ 2,396     $ 2,085  
Work in process
    1,813       1,718  
Finished goods
    2,330       1,782  
 
   
 
     
 
 
 
  $ 6,539     $ 5,585  
 
   
 
     
 
 

4.   Stock-Based Compensation

     The Company accounts for its stock option plans in accordance with the provisions of Accounting Principles Board (“APB”) Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees” and the related interpretations of FASB Interpretation (“FIN”) No. 44, “Accounting for Certain Transactions involving Stock

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IXIA

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Compensation.” Accordingly, compensation expense related to employee stock options is recorded only if, on the date of the grant, the fair value of the underlying stock exceeds the exercise price.

     As prescribed by SFAS 123, the Company calculated the fair value of each option grant on the respective dates of grant. The Company used the Black-Scholes option pricing model using the following assumptions:

                                 
    Three Months Ended   Nine Months Ended
    September 30,
  September 30,
    2004
  2003
  2004
  2003
Expected lives (in years)
    3.7       4.0       3.7       4.0  
Risk-free interest rates
    3.0 %     3.0 %     3.0 %     2.0 %
Dividend yield
    0.0 %     0.0 %     0.0 %     0.0 %
Expected volatility
    68.0 %     107.0 %     95.4 %     109.0 %

     Expected volatility is based on the Company’s past experience, adjusted, if necessary, to reflect ways in which current information indicates that the future is reasonably expected to differ from the past. During the third quarter of 2004 and in connection with a third party assessment, the Company refined its calculation of expected volatility, as permitted by SFAS 123, to better estimate future fluctuations over the expected lives of granted options.

     The following table illustrates the effect on stock-based compensation, net income and earnings per share on a pro forma basis as if the Company had applied the fair value recognition provisions of SFAS 123 to stock-based employee compensation (in thousands, except per share data):

                                 
    Three Months Ended   Nine Months Ended
    September 30,
  September 30,
    2004
  2003
  2004
  2003
Stock-based compensation:
                               
As reported
  $ 15     $ 397     $ 419     $ 1,545  
Additional stock-based compensation expense determined under the fair value method, net of income tax
    3,878       2,558       10,769       7,378  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Pro forma
  $ 3,893     $ 2,955     $ 11,188     $ 8,923  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Net income (loss):
                               
As reported
  $ 4,739     $ 2,413     $ 11,307     $ 6,391  
Additional stock-based compensation expense determined under the fair value method, net of income tax
    3,878       2,558       10,769       7,378  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Pro forma
  $ 861     $ (145 )   $ 538     $ (987 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Basic net income (loss) per share:
                               
As reported
  $ 0.08     $ 0.04     $ 0.19     $ 0.11  
Pro forma
  $ 0.01     $ 0.00     $ 0.01     $ (0.02 )
Diluted net income (loss) per share:
                               
As reported
  $ 0.07     $ 0.04     $ 0.18     $ 0.10  
Pro forma
  $ 0.01     $ 0.00     $ 0.01     $ (0.02 )

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IXIA

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

5.   Earnings Per Share

     Basic earnings per share is based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is based on the weighted average number of common shares and dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period.

     The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2004 and 2003 (in thousands, except per share data):

                                 
    Three months ended   Nine months ended
    September 30,
  September 30,
    2004
  2003
  2004
  2003
Basic presentation
                               
Numerator:
                               
Net income
  $ 4,739     $ 2,413     $ 11,307     $ 6,391  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Denominator:
                               
Weighted average common shares
    60,711       58,445       60,351       58,056  
Adjustment for common shares subject to repurchase
          (9 )           (28 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Denominator for basic calculation
    60,711       58,436       60,351       58,028  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Basic earnings per share
  $ 0.08     $ 0.04     $ 0.19     $ 0.11  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Diluted presentation
                               
Denominator:
                               
Shares used above
    60,711       58,436       60,351       58,028  
Weighted average effect of dilutive securities:
                               
Stock options and warrants
    3,145       4,010       3,960       3,618  
Common shares subject to repurchase
          9             28  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Denominator for diluted calculation
    63,856       62,455       64,311       61,674  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Diluted earnings per share
  $ 0.07     $ 0.04     $ 0.18     $ 0.10  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 

6.   Concentrations

International Revenues:

     Net revenues from international product shipments were $7.3 million and $6.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2004 and 2003, respectively, and $21.6 million and $17.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2004 and 2003, respectively.

Significant Customer:

     For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2004 and 2003, only one customer comprised more than 10% of net revenues as follows (in thousands, except percentages):

                                 
    Three months ended   Nine months ended
    September 30,
  September 30,
    2004
  2003
  2004
  2003
Amount of net revenues
  $ 9,137     $ 6,370     $ 28,883     $ 18,614  
As a percentage of total net revenues
    30 %     29 %     35 %     31 %

     As of September 30, 2004 and December 31, 2003, the Company had receivable balances from the customer approximating 29% and 20%, respectively, of total accounts receivable.

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IXIA

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

7.   Acquisition of G3 Nova

     On February 20, 2004, the Company completed the acquisition of all of the outstanding capital stock of G3 Nova Technology, Inc. (“G3 Nova”). G3 Nova develops and sells Voice over IP test tools for enterprise call centers, communication networks and network devices. This acquisition opens new growth opportunities for the Company by allowing the Company to offer a broader portfolio of products to customers, as well as gain access to new customer segments. The results of G3 Nova’s operations have been included in the consolidated financial statements since the acquisition date.

     The purchase price of $9.8 million included $5.5 million in cash, 307,020 shares of the Company’s common stock valued at $3.8 million and legal and other acquisition costs of $196,000. In addition, a contingent payment of up to $2.5 million may be paid based upon sales of G3 Nova products from July 2004 until June 2005. For the three months ended September 30, 2004, $384,000 of the contingent payment had been earned. Contingent payments earned are reflected as additional goodwill when or if payments become due. The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition (in thousands):

         
Current assets
  $ 355  
Property and equipment
    131  
Intangible assets
    3,700  
Goodwill
    7,659  
 
   
 
 
Total assets acquired
    11,845  
Current liabilities assumed
    (2,001 )
 
   
 
 
Net assets acquired
  $ 9,844  
 
   
 
 

     Of the $3.7 million of acquired intangible assets, $2.5 million was assigned to acquired technology, $1.0 million was assigned to customer contracts, relationships and backlog and $200,000 was assigned to a covenant not to compete. These intangible assets will be amortized using a straight-line method over their expected useful lives ranging from three to four and one half years. No goodwill is deductible for income tax purposes.

     The following table summarizes the pro forma revenue, net income and earnings per share had the G3 Nova acquisition occurred on January 1, 2004 and 2003, respectively (in thousands, except per share data):

                 
    Nine months ended
    September 30,
    2004
  2003
Net revenues
  $ 82,142     $ 62,202  
Net income
    10,948       6,096  
Earnings per share:
               
Basic
    0.18       0.10  
Diluted
    0.17       0.10  

     The pro forma results have been prepared for comparative purposes only and include adjustments for amortization of identifiable intangible assets resulting from the acquisition. These results do not purport to be indicative of the results of operations which would have resulted had the acquisition been in effect as of January 1, 2003 or the future results of operations of the combined organization.

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IXIA

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

8.   Recent Accounting Pronouncements

     In March 2004, the EITF reached a consensus on Issue 03-1, “The Meaning of Other-Than-Temporary Impairment and its Application to Certain Investments.” EITF No. 03-1 requires disclosures about investments accounted for under SFAS No. 115, “Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities,” in an unrealized loss position and are designed to help financial statement users analyze a company’s unrealized losses and better understand the basis for any management conclusion that the impairment is temporary. All new disclosures are effective for the annual reporting period ending December 31, 2004. The Company anticipates that the adoption of EITF No. 03-1 will not have a material impact on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

     In February 2004, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position (“FSP”) FIN 46(R)-1 “Reporting Variable Interests in Specified Assets of Variable Interest Entities under Paragraph 13 of FASB Interpretation No. 46 (Revised December 2003) (“FIN 46(R)”), Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities” to replace FIN 46-2 as a result of the release of FIN 46R in December 2003. The FSP states that a specified asset of a variable interest entity and the liability secured by the asset should not be deemed a separate variable interest entity. The effective date for the FSP follows the effective date and transition guidance specified in FIN 46R. The Company anticipates that the adoption of FIN 46(R)-1 will not have a material impact on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

     The following discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of many factors. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2004, are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year ending December 31, 2004, or for any other future period. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report and in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003, including the “Risk Factors” section and the consolidated financial statements and notes included therein.

OVERVIEW

     We develop, market and sell high performance IP network testing solutions. These solutions are highly scalable and generate, capture, characterize, and emulate network and application traffic, establishing definitive performance and conformance metrics of network devices or systems under test. Our testing solutions are used to validate the functionality and reliability of complex IP networks, devices, and applications. Our IxVoice products address the growing need for IP telephony test solutions for developing Voice over IP networks. Our Real World Traffic Suite addresses the growing need to test applications and networks prior to deployment under realistic load conditions. Our analysis solutions utilize a wide range of industry-standard interfaces, including Ethernet, SONET and ATM.

     The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, our net revenues by principal product category in dollars and as a percentage of total net revenues:

                                                                 
    Three months ended   Nine months ended
    September 30,
  September 30,
Product Category
  2004
  2003
  2004
  2003
    (in thousands, except percentages)
Ethernet
  $ 20,307       67.5 %   $ 14,062       65.0 %   $ 53,099       64.9 %   $ 40,070       66.2 %
SONET
    2,162       7.2       2,214       10.2       6,075       7.4       5,964       9.9  
Software
    3,966       13.1       2,740       12.7       12,206       14.9       6,970       11.5  
Chassis and other
    3,657       12.2       2,619       12.1       10,436       12.8       7,480       12.4  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Total
  $ 30,092       100.0 %   $ 21,635       100.0 %   $ 81,816       100.0 %   $ 60,484       100.0 %
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 

     Sales to our five largest customers collectively accounted for approximately $13.4 million or 44.6% of our net revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2004 and $9.2 million or 42.7% of our net revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2003. Sales to our five largest customers collectively accounted for approximately $38.8 million or 47.4% of our net revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2004 and $26.1 million or 43.2% of our net revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2003. To date, we have sold our products primarily to network equipment manufacturers. While we expect that we will continue to have some customer concentration for the foreseeable future, we continue to sell our products to a wide variety of customers and to the extent we develop a broader and more diverse customer base, we anticipate that our reliance on any one customer will diminish.

     Net Revenues. Our revenues consist primarily of hardware and software product sales. In some instances our software products are installed on and used in conjunction with our hardware products. At other times our software products are installed and run on other companies’ hardware. Typically our software does not require significant modification or customization, and our sales do not involve any significant future obligations. Accordingly, revenue from product sales is generally recognized upon shipment. We warrant the hardware and software components of our products for up to one year after sale. At the time of sale we defer the portion of our revenues that relates to our post-contract support and recognize it ratably over the service period. Revenues from maintenance contracts are deferred and recognized ratably over the terms of the contracts, which is generally one year.

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     Cost of Revenues. Our cost of revenues consists primarily of materials, payments to third party manufacturers, salaries and related expenses for manufacturing personnel and the warranty cost of hardware to be replaced during the one-year warranty period. We outsource the majority of our manufacturing operations, though we conduct final assembly, supply chain management, quality assurance, documentation control and shipping at our Calabasas, California facility. Accordingly, a significant portion of our cost of revenues consists of payments to our contract manufacturers. Cost of revenues also includes royalties and amortization of purchased technology such as the rights and technology acquired from NetIQ Corporation related to our IxChariot products in July 2003 and the amortization of purchased technology from the February 2004 G3 Nova acquisition related to our IxVoice products.

     Gross Margins. Gross margins of our various interface cards and software products have generally been consistent and have exceeded the gross margins of our chassis. In general, our gross margins are primarily affected by the following factors:

    the pricing we are able to obtain from our component suppliers and contract manufacturers;
 
    the mix of our products sold, including the mix of software versus hardware sales;
 
    new product introductions by us and by our competitors;
 
    changes in our pricing policies and those of our competitors;
 
    demand for our products;
 
    expenses related to acquired technologies, such as royalties and amortization of intangible assets;
 
    production volume; and
 
    the mix of sales channels through which our products are sold.

     Operating Expenses. We generally recognize our operating expenses as we incur them in four major operational categories: research and development, sales and marketing, general and administrative and amortization of certain purchased intangible assets.

     Research and development expenses consist primarily of salaries and related personnel and consulting costs related to the design, development, testing and enhancements of our systems. We expense our research and development costs as they are incurred. We also depreciate over a five-year period the cost of our systems used for internal purposes. In the near term, we expect research and development expenses to increase in dollar terms as we seek to attain our strategic product development objectives and to meet changing customer requirements and technological advances.

     Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of salaries, commissions and related expenses for personnel engaged in sales and marketing and customer support functions, as well as costs associated with promotional and other marketing activities. We expect sales and marketing expenses to increase in dollar terms in the near term, but decline as a percentage of net revenues.

     General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and related expenses for executive, finance, human resources, information technology and administrative personnel, as well as recruiting and professional fees, insurance costs and other general corporate expenses, including rent. In the near term, we expect modest sequential increases in general and administrative expenses as the Company continues to grow and as we continue to test our internal controls to comply with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

     Amortization of intangible assets consists of the amortization of the purchase price of the various intangible assets over their useful lives. Periodically we review goodwill and other intangible assets for impairment. An impairment charge would be recorded to the extent that the carrying value exceeds the fair value in the period that the impairment circumstances occurred.

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     Deferred stock-based compensation, recorded in the shareholders’ equity section of the balance sheet, represents the difference between the deemed fair value of our common stock for accounting purposes and the exercise price of the options or warrants at the date of grant. Deferred stock-based compensation is presented as a reduction of shareholders’ equity, with amortization recorded over the vesting period which is typically four years.

     Interest and Other Income, Net. Interest and other income, net represents interest on cash and a variety of securities, including commercial paper, money market funds and government and corporate debt securities, and gains and losses on foreign currency transactions.

     Income Tax. Income tax expense is determined based on the amount of earnings and enacted federal, state and foreign tax rates, adjusted for allowable credits and the effects of equity compensation plans.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

     The following table sets forth certain statement of operations data as a percentage of net revenues for the periods indicated:

                                 
    Three months ended   Nine months ended
    September 30,
  September 30,
    2004
  2003
  2004
  2003
Net revenues
    100.0 %     100.0 %     100.0 %     100.0 %
Cost of revenues(1)
    17.9       19.2       17.9       18.6  
Amortization of purchased technology
    2.8       2.7       2.7       1.0  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Gross profit
    79.3       78.1       79.4       80.4  
Operating expenses: (1)
                               
Research and development
    21.8       24.9       22.0       27.1  
Sales and marketing
    26.3       29.3       28.5       30.4  
General and administrative
    10.1       10.9       10.3       11.2  
Amortization of purchased intangible assets
    1.2       1.4       1.4       1.3  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Total operating expenses
    59.4       66.5       62.2       70.0  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Income from operations
    19.9       11.6       17.2       10.4  
Interest and other income, net
    2.0       3.3       2.4       3.9  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Income before income taxes
    21.9       14.9       19.6       14.3  
Income tax expense
    6.2       3.7       5.8       3.7  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Net income
    15.7 %     11.2 %     13.8 %     10.6 %
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 

(1) Stock-based compensation included in:
                               
Cost of revenues
    0.0 %     0.1 %     0.0 %     0.2 %
Research and development
    0.1       1.0       0.3       1.8  
Sales and marketing
    0.0       0.4       0.1       0.2  
General and administrative
    0.0       0.3       0.1       0.4  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
 
    0.1 %     1.8 %     0.5 %     2.6 %
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 

Comparison of Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2004 and 2003

     Net Revenues. In the third quarter of 2004, net revenues increased 39.1% to $30.1 million from the $21.6 million recorded in the third quarter of 2003. For the first nine months of 2004, net revenues increased 35.3% to $81.8 million from the $60.5 million recorded in the first nine months of 2003. These increases were primarily related to strong sales of our gigabit and 10 gigabit Ethernet products across a wide range of geographic regions and customer categories. In the third quarter of 2004, revenues from Cisco, our largest account, grew by $2.8 million, or 43.4%, to $9.1 million, contributing 32.7% of our total revenue growth from the third quarter of last year. During the third quarter of 2004, revenues from non-Cisco accounts grew by $5.7 million, or 37.3%, to $21.0 million,

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contributing 67.3% of our total revenue growth from the same period of last year. For the first nine months of 2004, revenues from Cisco grew by $10.3 million, or 55.2%, to $28.9 million. During the first nine months of 2004, revenues from non-Cisco accounts grew by $12.1 million, or 28.8%, to $53.9 million.

     Gross Profit. In the third quarter of 2004, gross profit increased 41.3% to $23.9 million from the $16.9 million recorded in the third quarter of 2003. For the first nine months of 2004, gross profit increased 33.5% to $65.0 million from the $48.7 million recorded in the first nine months of 2003. Gross profit as a percentage of net revenues increased in the third quarter of 2004 to 79.3% from 78.1% for the third quarter of 2003. This increase in the gross profit percentage was primarily a result of decreasing the royalty expense for the Chariot product to $500,000 in the third quarter of 2004 from $742,000 in the third quarter of 2003. For the first nine months of 2004, gross profit as a percentage of net revenues decreased to 79.4% from 80.4% in the first nine months of 2003. This decrease in the gross profit percentage was primarily a result of the $1.6 million increase in amortization of purchased technology expenses related to the acquisition of G3 Nova in February 2004.

     Research and Development Expenses. In the third quarter of 2004, research and development expenses increased 21.8% to $6.6 million from the $5.4 million recorded in the third quarter of 2003. This increase included approximately $1.1 million in compensation and related benefit costs due to the addition of engineering personnel through internal hiring and acquisitions, and due to an increase in bonus expense attributable to improved operating results. This increase was partially offset by reduced stock-based compensation of approximately $201,000 in the third quarter of 2004. For the first nine months of 2004, research and development expenses increased 9.8% to $18.0 million from the $16.4 million recorded in the first nine months of 2003. This increase included a $2.4 million increase in compensation and related benefit costs due to the addition of engineering personnel through internal hiring and acquisitions, and due to an increase in bonus expense attributable to improved operating results. This increase was partially offset by an $823,000 reduction in the amortization of deferred stock-based compensation related to individuals engaged in research and development activities.

     Sales and Marketing Expenses. In the third quarter of 2004, sales and marketing expenses increased 24.7% to $7.9 million from the $6.3 million recorded in the third quarter of 2003. This increase included a $719,000 increase in compensation and related benefit costs as a result of increases in the number of direct sales and marketing personnel and a $532,000 increase in commissions paid to sales representatives and direct sales employees as a result of increased sales. For the first nine months of 2004, sales and marketing expenses increased 26.9% to $23.3 million from the $18.4 million recorded in the first nine months of 2003. This increase included a $2.4 million increase in compensation and related benefit costs as a result of increases in the number of direct sales and marketing personnel and a $1.2 million increase in commissions paid to sales representatives and direct sales employees as a result of increased sales.

     General and Administrative Expenses. In the third quarter of 2004, general and administrative expenses increased 28.2% to $3.0 million from the $2.4 million recorded in the third quarter of 2003. This increase included a $267,000 increase in professional services, primarily related to the documentation and testing of our internal controls to comply with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and approximately $200,000 related to compensation and related benefits costs due to a modest increase in the number of general and administrative employees and bonus expense attributable to improved operating results. For the first nine months of 2004, general and administrative expenses increased 23.3% to $8.4 million from the $6.8 million recorded in the first nine months of 2003. This increase included a $458,000 increase in professional services, primarily relating to documenting and testing our internal controls to comply with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, and a $615,000 increase related to additional compensation and related benefits costs due to a modest increase in the number of general and administrative employees and an increase in bonus expense attributable to improved operating results.

     Amortization of Purchased Intangible Assets. In the third quarter of 2004, amortization of purchased intangible assets increased to $373,000 from the $305,000 recorded in the third quarter of 2003. This increase was largely a result of an increase in intangible assets associated with acquiring all of the outstanding capital stock of G3 Nova in February 2004. For the first nine months of 2004, amortization of purchased intangible assets increased to $1.2 million from the $770,000 recorded in the first nine months of 2003. This increase was largely a result of an increase in intangible assets associated with certain rights related to the Chariot products acquired from NetIQ Corporation in July 2003 and with acquiring all of the outstanding capital stock of G3 Nova in February 2004.

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     Interest and Other Income, Net. Interest and other income, net decreased to $597,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2004 from the $716,000 recorded for the three months ended September 30, 2003. For the first nine months of 2004, interest and other income, net decreased to $1.9 million from the $2.3 million recorded in the first nine months of 2003. These decreases were primarily the result of losses on transactions denominated in foreign currencies. We incurred minimal interest expense in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2004 and 2003.

     Income Tax Expense. Income tax expense increased to $1.9 million, or an effective rate of 28.3%, for the three months ended September 30, 2004 from $813,000, or an effective rate of 25.2%, for the three months ended September 30, 2003. Income tax expense increased to $4.7 million, or an effective rate of 29.4%, for the first nine months of 2004 from $2.2 million, or an effective rate of 26.0%, for the first nine months of 2003. The differences between the effective rates and the statutory rates were primarily due to the impact of non-deductible stock-based compensation charges, the timing of the deduction of certain deductible stock-based compensation charges and research and development credits.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

     Net cash provided by operating activities was $16.4 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2004 and $15.1 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2003. Net cash generated from operations in the nine months ended September 30, 2004 and 2003 was primarily provided by net income adjusted for non-cash expenses and changes in working capital components. The most significant changes in working capital in the nine months ended September 30, 2004 were due to a $6.7 million increase in accounts receivable as a result of both an increase in revenues and the timing of shipments in the third quarter of 2004, a $2.2 million increase related to the timing of income tax payments and a $1.1 million increase in accounts payable as a result of the timing of vendor payments in accordance with standard terms. The most significant changes in working capital in the nine months ended September 30, 2003 were due to a $5.9 million increase in accounts receivable as a result of both an increase in revenues and the timing of shipments in the third quarter of 2003, a $4.6 million increase in accrued expenses primarily due to the accrual of the 2003 bonus with no bonus payouts during the period and royalty accrual related to the Chariot product and a $2.5 million increase in deferred revenue due to an increase in warranty service obligations, which are deferred and recognized ratably over the warranty period.

     Cash used in investing activities was $2.9 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2004 and was $32.8 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2003. For the nine months ended September 30, 2004, cash used consisted of $5.7 million related to the February 2004 acquisition of G3 Nova and subsequently earned contingent payments based upon sales of G3 Nova products. Additionally, $6.3 million was used for the purchase of property and equipment. These usages were offset by $10.6 million net redemptions of marketable securities. For the nine months ended September 30, 2003, cash used in investing activities consisted of $18.1 million related to the July 2003 acquisition of technology and certain other rights associated with NetIQ’s Chariot products, $11.2 million for the net purchases of marketable securities and $3.1 million for the acquisition of property and equipment.

     Financing activities provided net cash of $3.2 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2004 and $1.9 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2003. Financing activities consisted exclusively of proceeds from the exercise of stock options.

     As of September 30, 2004, we had no material commitments for capital expenditures. Under the agreement with NetIQ, we have agreed to pay to NetIQ for the six calendar quarters commencing with the quarter ended September 30, 2003 the greater of royalties based on sales of the existing Chariot products or a minimum royalty payment of $500,000 per quarter, subject to certain credits in the event of payment of the minimum royalties. The Company also has an option, exercisable from September 1, 2004 until January 15, 2005, to purchase the remaining assets of NetIQ’s Chariot product line for a cash purchase price of $2.5 million. Additionally, we may make additional contingent payments of up to $2.5 million based upon sales of G3 Nova related products from July 2004 until June 2005. As of September 30, 2004, contingent payments earned related to the G3 Nova products totaled $384,000.

     We believe that our existing balances of cash and cash equivalents, investments and cash flows expected to be generated from our operations will be sufficient to satisfy our operating requirements for at least the next twelve months. Nonetheless, we may seek additional sources of capital as necessary or appropriate to fund acquisitions or

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to otherwise finance our growth or operations; however, there can be no assurance that such funds, if needed, will be available on favorable terms, if at all.

SAFE HARBOR UNDER THE PRIVATE SECURITIES LITIGATION REFORM ACT OF 1995:

     Statements that are not historical facts in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and other sections of this Quarterly Report may be deemed to be forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) and are subject to the safe harbor created by that Section. Words such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “project,” “predict,” “potential” and variations of these words and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These statements reflect our current views with respect to future events and are based on assumptions and subject to risks and uncertainties. These risks, uncertainties and other factors may cause our actual results, performances or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by our forward-looking statements and include, among other things: consistency of orders from significant customers, our ability to effectively integrate G3 Nova and market, develop and sell its technology, our success in developing and producing new products and market acceptance of our products. Many of these risks and uncertainties are outside of our control and are difficult for us to forecast or mitigate. Factors that may cause our actual results to differ materially from our forward-looking statements include the risks and other factors set forth in the “Risk Factors” and other sections of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003 and in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Exchange Act.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Interest Rate Sensitivity

     The primary objective of our investment activities is to maintain the safety of principal and preserve liquidity while maximizing yields without significantly increasing risk. Some of the securities that we have invested in may be subject to market risk. This means that a change in prevailing interest rates may cause the principal amount of the investment to fluctuate. To minimize this risk, we maintain our portfolio of cash equivalents and investments in a variety of securities, including commercial paper, government debt securities, corporate debt securities and money market funds. We do not use any derivatives or similar instruments to manage our interest rate risk. We intend and have the ability to hold these securities to maturity and, therefore, we would not expect our operating results or cash flows to be affected to any significant degree by a sudden change in market interest rates. Currently, the carrying amount of these securities approximates fair market value. However, the fair market value of these securities is subject to interest rate risk and would decline in value if market interest rates increased. If market interest rates were to increase immediately and uniformly by ten percent from the levels as of September 30, 2004, the decline in the fair market value of the portfolio would not be material to the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Exchange Rate Sensitivity

     The majority of our revenue and expenses are denominated in U.S. dollars. However, since we have sales and service operations outside of the United States, we do have some transactions that are denominated in foreign currencies, primarily the Japanese Yen, Euro, Romanian Lei and British Pound. As a result, our financial results could be affected by changes in foreign currency exchange rates. We have not engaged in foreign currency hedging to date, but we may do so in the future to decrease fluctuations in operating results due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates.

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ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

  (a)   Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

     As required by Rule 13a-15(b) under the Exchange Act, we have carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including our President and Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness, as of the end of the period covered by this report, of the design and operation of our “disclosure controls and procedures” as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) promulgated by the SEC under the Exchange Act. Based upon that evaluation, our President and Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of such period, were adequate and effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and forms.

  (b)   Changes in Internal Controls

     There was no change in our internal controls over financial reporting that occurred during our fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2004 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 5. Other Information

     Our policy governing transactions in our securities by our directors, officers and employees permits such persons to adopt stock trading plans pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Our President and Chief Executive Officer, Errol Ginsberg, has informed us that his affiliated family trust has adopted a Rule 10b5-1 stock trading plan pursuant to which the trust has made and will make periodic sales of our Common Stock in accordance with the terms and conditions of the plan. We anticipate that from time to time in the future, other directors, officers and employees may establish such stock trading plans. We do not undertake any obligation to update or revise our disclosure regarding such plans and specifically do not undertake to disclose the amendment, termination or expiration of any such plans.

ITEM 6. Exhibits

  31.1   Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Ixia pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
  31.2   Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Ixia pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
  32.1   Certifications of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of Ixia pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) under the Exchange Act and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

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SIGNATURES

     Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

         
      IXIA
 
       
Date: November 8, 2004
  By:   /s/ Errol Ginsberg

     
 
      Errol Ginsberg
      President and Chief Executive Officer
 
       
Date: November 8, 2004
  By:   /s/ Thomas B. Miller

     
 
      Thomas B. Miller
      Chief Financial Officer

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EXHIBIT INDEX

     
Exhibit No.   Description
31.1
  Certifications of Chief Executive Officer of Ixia pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
   
31.2
  Certifications of Chief Financial Officer of Ixia pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
   
32.1
  Certifications of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of Ixia pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) under the Exchange Act and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

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