COVANSYS CORP - 10-K Annual Report

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 126-2) Yes x No o

The aggregate market value of common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of February 20, 2003 was $56,670,157.

The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s common stock as of February 20, 2003 was 27,221,049.

Portions of the Proxy Statement of the Registrant for its 2003 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to the extent expressly so stated, are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Report.

On February 5, 2001, Complete Business Solutions, Inc. announced that it began doing business under the new name Covansys Corporation and changed its Nasdaq National Market ticker symbol from CBSI to CVNS. Shareholder approval of the name change occurred in July 2001.

Founded in 1985, Covansys Corporation is a global technology services company, with a focus on industry-specific solutions, strategic outsourcing and integration services. We address the most challenging technology issues companies are facing through a unique onsite, offsite, offshore delivery model that helps clients achieve rapid deployment, world-class quality and reduced costs.

We firmly believe that knowledge of a client’s industry is every bit as important as in-depth technology expertise. That’s why our clients rely so heavily on our industry specialists.

We offer high-level subject matter expertise in the public sector industry, as well as years of experience in retail, healthcare, distribution, manufacturing, financial services, telecommunications and utilities. We specialize in using our in-depth industry knowledge to help our customers respond to current issues such as e-business, globalization, deregulation and privacy.

We apply our industry-specific knowledge to deliver a wide range of outsourcing and integration services, which include:


	•	Application Maintenance and Development Outsourcing (AMD/O)

	•	Custom Application Development

	•	Web-to-Enterprise Integration (WEI^SM) and traditional e-business services

	•	Packaged Software Implementation, Upgrades and Enhancements

	•	Data Warehousing

	•	Document Management

We are an industry leader in integrating these service offerings with our offshore capabilities, having pioneered a global delivery model that is transparent, flexible and seamless.

We offer flexible, cost-effective project delivery capabilities by providing our clients a choice among any combination of the following options: (1) onsite at the client facility; (2) offsite at one of our development facilities in North America; or (3) offshore at one of our development facilities in India. We believe that our U.S./India infrastructure is one of the largest and best in the industry. Our ability to deliver services globally is enhanced by our local account management and recruiting infrastructure, consisting of a geographically dispersed network of 24 offices worldwide and 91 sales and client executives. Our infrastructure allows us to act as a local partner, becoming an integral member of a client’s technology team. This demonstrates our commitment to each market and enhances our ability to attract locally based clients and consultants.

Our flexible delivery capabilities enable our clients to determine their degree of project involvement and to control the costs and speed of project delivery, consistent with our team approach. Under this approach, we seek to establish long-term relationships with our clients by serving as a virtual extension of their organizations. Proven, innovative methodologies combined with highly competent IT professionals enable us to deliver flexible, team-oriented solutions to meet our clients’ expectations.

Our goal is to be the preferred, single-source provider of IT services to an expanding base of clients by establishing teams that quickly and cost effectively provide strong industry-specific solutions. To achieve this goal, our strategy is to:


	•	Create awareness of our extensive capabilities in integration services and strategic outsourcing;

	•	Capitalize on the marketing and development efforts of vertically focused industry solutions groups;

	•	Expand the breadth and depth of our technical capabilities through a continued evaluation of emerging technologies and development of industry solutions;

	•	Focus our infrastructure, both domestically and internationally, to serve local clients and capitalize on our significant investment in offsite and offshore development centers;

	•	Create virtual partnerships with our clients to provide them with a broad range of IT solutions and establish cross-selling opportunities; and

	•	Seek acquisitions and investments that complement our core skills or expand our geographic reach and have the potential to increase our overall value.

The Covansys Advantage enables our clients to use IT more effectively with their evolving business needs. The key attributes of the Covansys Advantage are that we:


	•	Provide flexible project delivery by offering our clients any combination of the following options: (1) onsite at the client facility; (2) offsite at one of our development facilities in North America; or (3) offshore at one of our development facilities in India. This flexibility enables our clients to determine their degree of project involvement and to control the costs and speed of project delivery.

	•	Assure clients of the highest quality software services, by following industry standard best practices in quality assurance processes and project management practices. Each of our three wholly-owned development centers in India are ISO9001 certified. Our facilities in Bangalore and Chennai are SEI CMM® and PCMM® Level 5 certified. Our Milpitas, California delivery center is rated SEI CMM® Level 4 and our Columbus, Ohio delivery center is rated SEI CMM® Level 3. In addition to our quality assurance certifications, more than 100 of our project managers are PMI PMP® (Project Management Professionals) as assessed by the Project Management Institute.

	•	Offer clients a single-source provider of a broad range of IT services, from advising them on IT business strategy and strategic technology plans to developing and implementing appropriate IT applications solutions.

	•	Offer a local presence by delivering our services to clients through a geographically dispersed network of 24 offices worldwide and 127 sales and marketing professionals. Our presence allows us to demonstrate our commitment to the local market and enhances our ability to attract locally based clients and consultants.

	•	Recruit and train our consultants globally through our established domestic and international network. Consultants receive technical training in software engineering techniques and key technologies at one of our U.S. training centers or one of our overseas training centers in India. These centers are equipped with a variety of hardware, software and development tools.

Our goal is to become the preferred single-source provider of IT services to an expanding base of clients by establishing teams that quickly and cost effectively provide industry-based IT applications solutions. To achieve this goal, our strategy is to:


	•	Create awareness of our extensive capabilities in integration and strategic outsourcing services within defined industries.


	•	Capitalize on the marketing and development efforts of vertically focused industry solutions groups. These groups develop solutions based on in-depth knowledge of particular industries and a detailed understanding of the client’s business.

	•	Expand the breadth and depth of our technical capabilities through training existing personnel, recruiting experienced talent and acquiring complementary businesses. Our continued evaluation of emerging technologies enables us to add new service offerings and minimizes our dependence on any single technology.

	•	Focus our infrastructure, both domestically and internationally, and capitalize on our significant investment in offsite and offshore development centers, as well as our systems, methodologies, training programs and marketing efforts. We believe that our existing development centers can be further leveraged to support a significantly larger number of consultants.

	•	Create virtual partnerships with our clients to provide them with IT solutions so that we become an extension of their organization. This strategy uses a team approach that makes the client an integral team member. We consider the impact of each project on the entire application to build a broader solution over time. We quickly assemble capable teams and use the strategic insights of the client to produce flexible, supportable business and IT solutions.

	•	Seek acquisitions and investments in technology alliances that complement our core skills or expand our geographic reach and have the potential to increase our overall value, rather than merely increase our revenues. We believe that our diversified management organization allows us to efficiently integrate acquisitions.

In addition to these core categories of technical services, we expect to achieve higher penetration in our vertical markets, such as Public Sector, with our industry-specific solutions. Our domain expertise and intellectual property offers a higher level of subject matter knowledge so that we can offer our clients additional value in developing their IT solutions. Our industry knowledge helps our customers respond to such technological issues as e-business, globalization, deregulation and privacy. We offer focused leadership in the public sector industry, as well as years of technology delivery experience in retail, healthcare, manufacturing, financial services and telecommunications.

We believe that knowledge of a client’s industry is as important as technology expertise. There is no one-size-fits-all answer to many of the complex systems that manage and compute data for our client companies. Our knowledge and experience contributes to a shorter learning curve on the path to a customized implementation. Our specialized teams focus on the changes generated by such issues as e-business, globalization and deregulation. We provide high-value, client-driven and timely business solutions.

We have years of experience with a number of industries, such as public sector, telecommunications, retail, healthcare, manufacturing and financial services. In addition, we have become recognized leaders in a number of industries with proprietary software or methods that address very specific business issues. Examples of our industry specific solutions include:


	•	Childcare Management

	•	Case Management

	•	Transportation

	•	Woman, Infant and Children (WIC) Program Management

	•	Labor and Tax Revenue Systems

	•	Public Retirement

We have been committed to providing customized and innovative solutions to more than 40 state governments since 1985. In the 2002 edition of Washington Technology, a leading industry trade journal for government IT systems integrators and resellers, our leadership in the public sector industry was recognized by inclusion in their “Who’s Who in State and Local Government” list.

We offer our clients a broad range of IT services, from advising clients on strategic technology plans to developing and implementing appropriate IT solutions. Our systems integration capabilities include providing services in custom application development, including client server development; document management; data warehousing; business process reengineering and packaged software implementation services such as ERP implementation, upgrades and enhancements. Integrating Web applications with core business systems is a strategic competency.

We are well positioned to meet the challenge of making independently designed application systems and packaged systems work together, both within and across enterprises. We offer the right technological infrastructure and experience to evaluate and select middleware solutions. Our advanced technology development skills, combined with our offshore capabilities, offer clients looking for integration solutions the right mix of pricing, productivity and resource deployment.

Web-to-Enterprise Integration (WEI^SM) requires looking at the whole picture and the potential for leveraging such solutions as ERP in order to create an integrated customer-focused IT strategy. Our goal is to improve efficiency, expedite key decisions, enrich customer relationships and make our client’s e-business a profitable business. The result will be an information strategy that reduces costs and generates revenue for the client.

This expertise, along with our ability to evaluate and provide other e-commerce solutions, such as data warehousing, enables us to maintain a valuable partnership with our clients, provide business consulting services and meet their IT demands.

Speed, flexibility and round-the-clock productivity are the hallmarks of our outsourcing services. Our fast and flexible onsite, offsite, offshore delivery model lends itself to a full spectrum of outsourcing services. We can deliver requirements from applications maintenance and modernization to full IT outsourcing with our unique global delivery model.

In order to meet aggressive schedules, we offer our clients one of the largest U.S.-owned offshore capabilities in the world. This capability sets us apart from many competitors who can only offer services based in the US market. Our local partnership/ global delivery philosophy enables us to quickly and cost-effectively complete projects and deploy key applications. This allows our customers to focus on their core business while relying on us to provide complete IT services.

Using our strategic approach, we are quickly becoming an important supplier to middle market clients. In 2002, we provided services to over 500 clients in North America, Europe and Asia. Our strategy is to maximize our client retention rate and to secure additional engagements by providing quality services and by being responsive to our client needs. For each of the past five years, existing clients from the previous fiscal year generated more than 80% of our revenues.

Certain of our representative clients in various industries are listed in the following table:

We generate new sales by actively pursuing new clients through focused marketing programs and cross-selling our services to our existing clients.

Using 127 sales and marketing professionals, we identified and closed business in more than 100 new client accounts in 2002, and we continue to benefit by currently securing repeat business from more than 90 percent of our existing client base.

A centralized marketing department works closely with the sales team. Marketing is responsible for supporting sales efforts through branding and awareness campaigns, including media and analyst relations, service offering development, sales tool and collateral development.

The marketing team helps to create the visibility and awareness needed to facilitate the sales process. The team also works closely with IT industry analyst firms, such as Gartner, Giga, Forrester, AMR and Meta, which play an important role in providing market intelligence, validating strategies and service offerings, and influencing prospective clients.

Our success depends in large part on our ability to attract, develop, motivate and retain highly skilled IT professionals. Our strategy for achieving “career-based employment” includes career planning, thorough initial and ongoing training, allocation of assignments in accordance with employee skills and career objectives and a comprehensive benefits package. This package includes a company-matched 401(k) plan, stock purchase plan, health, dental and vision insurance, preventive medical, short-term disability insurance, a flexible spending account and tuition reimbursement. We also will continue to grant stock options as part of our recruitment and retention strategy. As part of our effort to minimize turnover we emphasize:

We use aggressive recruitment strategies to source well-qualified and well-credentialed consultants throughout the United States. Our most successful candidate sources include: Employee Referrals, Management Referrals, Internet Searching and Postings, On-line Career Fairs, Traditional Career Fairs, Professional Organizations, Trade Shows, Seminars, advertisements and articles in leading newspapers, business periodicals, trade magazines, networking, out-placement firms and search firms. In addition, our recruiting activities seek to draw on an international pool of IT talent. We actively recruit in a variety of countries including India, England, Belgium, Italy, Germany, Spain, the Netherlands and Singapore.

Our rigorous recruiting process includes track-specific screening interviews, standardized on-line assessments targeted to the specific technical skills and level of expertise required, technical interviews conducted by our employees, management interviews, and an extensive background investigation process. Once employed, consultants are staffed on client engagements and project teams based on business demand and as appropriate to their skills and expertise.

Our consultants typically have Bachelor’s or Master’s degrees in Computer Science, Engineering or other technical disciplines. As of December 31, 2002, we had 4,404 employees comprised of 3,925 IT professionals, 127 sales and marketing personnel and 352 general and administrative personnel. As of December 31, 2002, we also had 457 independent contractors working on client engagements.

We have employee training centers in a variety of locations in the United States and in India. Between projects and after business hours, our IT professionals may receive training on a variety of technology platforms. We provide over 200 courses on our computer-based training system, which is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. We have license to 250 titles with access to over 1,200 titles of technical coursework. In addition to technical skills in a variety of programming languages, we offer courses in project management and methodology. More than 100 of our project managers are PMP (Project Management Professionals) certified as assessed by the Project Management Institute.

Our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, proxy statements and amendments to those reports, are available free of charge on our internet website at http://www.covansys.com as soon as reasonably practicable after such reports are electronically filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

We lease approximately 70,000 square feet of office space in Farmington Hills, Michigan for our headquarters office. In addition to our headquarters, we lease office space throughout the world. Currently, our facilities are adequate for our needs.

We are, from time to time, party to ordinary, routine litigation incidental to our business. We do not believe that the ultimate resolution of any existing matter will have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

In addition, many of our engagements involve projects that are critical to the operations of our clients’ businesses and provide benefits that may be difficult to quantify. We attempt to contractually limit our liability for damages arising from errors, mistakes, omissions or negligent acts in rendering our services. We have undertaken engagements for which the Company guarantees its performance based upon defined client specifications or delivery dates. Certain engagements have required us to obtain a performance bond from a licensed surety, to guarantee performance, and to post the performance bond with the client. As of December 31, 2002, we had 15 performance bonds outstanding and posted with clients, with an aggregate total value of approximately $31.9 million. Two of these performance bonds are secured by letters of credit totaling approximately $5.3 million. We intend to satisfy all of our performance obligations with our clients and do not anticipate defaulting on any of these performance bonds or letters of credit.

No matters were submitted to a vote of our security holders during the fourth quarter of the year ended December 31, 2002.

Item 5. Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters

The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the range of high and low bid prices for our common stock as reported on the Nasdaq National Market.

On February 5, 2001, Complete Business Solutions, Inc., announced that it began doing business under the new name Covansys Corporation and changed its Nasdaq National Market ticker symbol from CBSI to CVNS. Shareholder approval of the name change occurred in July 2001.

As of February 20, 2003, there were approximately 5,700 shareholders of record of our common stock.

Since our initial public offering in March 1997, we have not paid cash dividends on our common stock. We currently anticipate that all of our earnings will be retained for the continued development of our business and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future.

The selected financial data presented below for the five years ended December 31, 2002, are derived from our Consolidated Financial Statements and related Notes thereto. The selected financial data should be read in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the Consolidated Financial Statements and related Notes thereto included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

On May 31, 2002 we acquired all of the capital stock of PDA Software Services, Inc. (“PDA”). This acquisition was accounted for by the purchase method of accounting and, accordingly, the operating results of PDA have been included in the consolidated financial statements since the date of acquisition.

On September 28, 2000, we sold Synova Inc. (“Synova”), our contract programming subsidiary, to a related party for a gain of $6.1 million, net of income taxes. The consolidated balance sheets, statements of operations and statements of cash flows of the Company included in this Form 10-K have been retroactively restated to reflect Synova as a discontinued operation. The net operating results of Synova have been reported, net of income taxes, as “Income (loss) from discontinued operations.”

On April 20, 1999, we acquired E-Business Solutions.com, Inc. (“EBS”), formerly Impact Innovations Group, Inc. This acquisition was accounted for by the purchase method of accounting and, accordingly, the operating results of EBS have been included in the consolidated financial statements since the date of acquisition.

On January 27, 1998 and July 24, 1998, we merged with c.w. Costello & Associates, inc. (“Costello”) and Claremont Technology Group, Inc. (“Claremont”), respectively. These mergers were accounted for by the pooling of interests method of accounting and accordingly, the consolidated balance sheets, statements of operations, cash flows and shareholders’ equity and all financial information included in this Form 10-K have been retroactively restated.

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following section should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements and related Notes appearing in Item 8 of this Form 10-K. With the exception of statements regarding historical matters and statements concerning our current status, certain matters discussed in this “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” are forward-looking statements that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. Such forward-looking statements may be identified by the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect” or “intend” and similar expressions. Our actual results, performance or achievements could differ materially from these forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such material differences include general economic conditions and conditions in the IT industry such as our failure to recruit and retain IT professionals, risks related to our merger, acquisition and strategic investment strategy, variability of our operating results, potential cost overruns on fixed-price projects, exposure to regulatory, political and economic conditions in India and Asia, competition in the IT services industry, short-term nature and termination provisions of contracts, economic conditions unique to clients in specific industries, and limited protection of intellectual property rights, each of which are discussed herein under the caption “Factors that may Affect Future Results.”

We are a global technology services company. Our strategy is to establish long-term client relationships and to secure additional engagements with existing clients by providing quality services and by being responsive to client needs. For each of the past five years, over 80% of our revenues were generated from existing clients from the previous fiscal year.

We offer our clients a focused range of information technology (IT) services specializing in industry-specific solutions, strategic outsourcing and integration services. Our range of experience runs from advising clients on IT business strategy and strategic plans to developing and implementing appropriate IT applications solutions.

We generally assume responsibility for project management and may bill the client on either a time-and-materials or fixed-price basis. We recognize revenues on time-and-materials engagements as the services are performed. On fixed-price engagements, we recognize revenues under the percentage of completion method except for fixed-price outsourcing contracts where we recognize revenues ratably over the applicable period. For the years ended December 31, 2000, 2001 and 2002, approximately 20%, 32% and 42%, respectively, of our total revenues were generated from fixed-price engagements. The increase in the ratio of fixed-price projects is due to long term development projects we have with clients in the state and local government sector, the increased level of outsourcing projects and an increase in project work for other large clients.

Our most significant cost is project personnel cost, which consists primarily of salaries, wages and benefits for our IT professionals. We strive to maintain our gross profit margin by controlling project costs and managing salaries and benefits relative to billing rates. We use a human resource management team to ensure that IT professionals are quickly placed on assignments to minimize nonbillable time and are placed on assignments that use their technical skills and allow for maximum billing rates.

In an effort to sustain our growth and profitability, we have made and continue to make substantial investments in our infrastructure, including: (1) development centers in the United States and India; (2) system methodologies; (3) sales and marketing teams; and (4) internal systems.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses and related disclosures in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. We regularly evaluate and discuss with our Audit Committee the accounting policies and estimates we use to prepare our consolidated financial statements. Estimates are used for, but not limited to, revenue recognition under the percentage-of-completion method, impairment assessments of goodwill and

other long-lived assets, realization of deferred tax assets, allowance for doubtful accounts, and litigation related contingencies. These estimates are based on historical experience, project management, and various assumptions that we believe to be reasonable given the particular facts and circumstances. Although we believe that our estimates, assumptions and judgments are reasonable, they are based upon information presently available. Actual results could differ significantly from these estimates under different assumptions, judgments or conditions.

The Securities and Exchange Commission has defined “critical accounting policies” as those that are most important to the portrayal of a company’s financial condition and results of operations, and which require the company to make its most difficult and subjective judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates. Based on this definition, we have identified the critical accounting policies discussed below. We have other significant accounting policies, which also involve the use of estimates, judgments and assumptions that are integral to understanding our results of operations. For a complete discussion of all significant accounting policies, see Note 1 of our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

Revenue Recognition. We recognize professional service fee revenue on time-and-materials contracts as the services are performed.

Except for fixed-price outsourcing contracts, revenues on fixed-priced contracts are recognized using the percentage of completion method. The percentage of completion is determined by relating the actual cost of labor performed to date to the estimated total cost of labor for each contract. Estimates of total contract revenues and costs are continuously monitored during the term of the contract, and recorded revenues and costs are subject to revision as the contract progresses. Such revisions, which may result in increases or decreases to revenue and income, are reflected in the financial statements in the period in which they are first identified. If the estimate indicates a loss on a particular contract, a provision is made for the entire estimated loss without reference to the percentage of completion.

Revenues from fixed-price outsourcing contracts are recognized ratably over the applicable outsourcing period. Retainages, which are not material for any of the periods presented, are included in revenue earned in excess of billings in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Revenue earned in excess of billings is primarily comprised of revenue recognized on certain contracts in excess of contractual billings on such contracts. Billings in excess of revenue earned are classified as deferred revenue.

Computer Software. We perform research to develop software for various business applications. The costs of such research are charged to expense when incurred. When the technological feasibility of the product is established, subsequent costs are capitalized. Capitalized software costs are amortized on a product-by-product basis. Amortization is recorded on the straight-line method over the estimated economic life of the product, generally five years, commencing when such product is available. The establishment of technological feasibility and the ongoing assessment of the recoverability of these costs requires considerable judgment by management with respect to certain external factors including, but not limited to, anticipated future gross product revenue, estimated economic product lives and changes in software and hardware technology. These assumptions are reevaluated and adjusted as necessary at the end of each accounting period. Management reviews the valuation and amortization of capitalized development costs. We periodically consider the value of future cash flows attributable to the capitalized development costs in evaluating potential impairment of the asset. Amounts charged to expense for research and development of computer software were not material in the periods indicated.

Income Taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

Realization of deferred tax assets associated with the Company’s future deductible temporary differences and net operating loss carryforwards is dependent upon generating sufficient taxable income prior to their expiration. Although realization of the deferred tax assets is not assured, management believes it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will be realized through future taxable income. On a quarterly basis, management assesses whether it remains more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will be realized.

The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, selected statement of operations data as a percentage of revenues:

Revenues. Our revenues decreased 5.4% to $383.1 million for fiscal 2002 compared to $404.7 million in fiscal 2001. This decrease was largely attributable to slower demand caused by current economic conditions, longer sales cycles, and lower bill rates offset by revenue from PDA Software Services, Inc. (PDA) representing 3.2% of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2002. PDA was acquired on May 31, 2002. For the year ended December 31, 2002, over 90% of our revenues were generated from existing clients from the previous year.

Gross Profit. Gross profit consists of revenues less cost of revenues. Cost of revenues consists primarily of salaries (including nonbillable and training time), benefits, travel and relocation for IT professionals. In addition, cost of revenues includes depreciation and amortization, direct facility costs, delivery management, and contractual services. Gross profit decreased 13.9% to $98.2 million in fiscal 2002 from $114.1 million in fiscal 2001. Gross profit as a percentage of revenue decreased from 28.2% in fiscal 2001 to 25.6% in fiscal 2002. These decreases in gross profit and gross profit as a percentage of revenues are primarily due to lower bill rates in the U.S. and India resulting from increased market pressures, changes in project mix and project phase, start-up costs on large new projects, and the process to transition from onshore to offshore delivery.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses consist primarily of costs associated with our direct selling and marketing efforts, human resource and recruiting departments, administration and indirect facility costs. Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased 16.3% to $96.2 million in fiscal 2002 compared to $115.0 million in fiscal 2001. As a percentage of revenues, selling, general and administrative expenses decreased from 28.4% in fiscal 2001 to 25.1% in fiscal 2002. These decreases are primarily due to close management of spending through targeted actions in fiscal 2002, as well as the impact of eliminating approximately $.6 million of goodwill amortization resulting from the adoption of SFAS 142. Selling, general and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2002 includes an approximate $1.2 million charge for an operating lease which management determined was no longer needed; $.6 million in severance associated with the elimination of certain senior level positions; and $.8 million for other legal costs including non-recurring expenses incurred by a special committee of independent directors of our Board of Directors in connection with the possible acquisition of all of our outstanding Common Stock by an existing shareholder at a price exceeding the current market price. These discussions were terminated.

Other Expense (Income). Other expense (income) represents interest earned on cash equivalents, net of interest expense on borrowings. Other income for fiscal 2002 was $4.1 million compared to $5.5 million in

fiscal 2001. The decrease is primarily due to lower interest rates earned on the investment of funds and reduced cash balances during the year.

Provision for Income Taxes. The provision for income taxes for fiscal 2002 was $.9 million compared to a benefit for income taxes for fiscal 2001 of $8.5 million. During fiscal 2002, we incurred taxable income in India which was partially offset by tax losses in the United States. The tax losses in the United States are in excess of tax carrybacks. We benefited tax losses in the United States as we expect to realize tax assets through future U.S. taxable income. The effective rate for 2002 is the result of a lower tax rate in India versus the United States.

Revenues. Our revenues decreased 3.6% to $404.7 million for fiscal 2001 from $419.6 in fiscal 2000. This decline in revenues is primarily due to the continued soft U.S. economy and elongated sales cycles as well as to the delay of some contracts due to financial uncertainties felt by some of our clients. For the year ended December 31, 2001, over 90% of our revenues were generated from existing clients from the previous fiscal year.

Gross Profit. Gross profit increased 2.5% to $114.1 million in fiscal 2001 from $111.3 million in fiscal 2000. Gross profit as a percentage of revenues increased to 28.2% for fiscal 2001 from 26.5% in fiscal 2000. The increase in gross profit and gross profit as a percentage of revenues are due to increased utilization rates in both the U.S. and India, an increased proportion of our professional services being performed in India, and an increase in the percentage of revenue from fixed-price engagements.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased 19.9% to $115.0 million in fiscal 2001 from $143.5 million in fiscal 2000. As a percentage of revenues, selling, general and administrative expenses decreased to 28.4% in fiscal 2001 from 34.2% in fiscal 2000. This decrease is primarily due to the actions in 2000 to write-down approximately $23.0 million of accounts receivable from dot.com companies which had become uncollectible as well as the write-down of approximately $15.3 million of goodwill that we determined was no longer realizable. In 2001, we continued to enhance our selling and marketing capabilities and completed our branding campaign.

Other Expense (Income). Other income for fiscal 2001 was $5.5 million compared to $6.1 million in fiscal 2000. This decrease is primarily due to lower interest rates earned on the investment of funds.

Benefit for Income Taxes. During fiscal 2001 we incurred substantial tax losses in the United States offset partially by taxable income in India. The tax losses in the United States are in excess of tax carrybacks. We benefit tax losses and expect to realize tax assets through tax loss carry-back and future U.S. taxable income. The effective tax rate for the year is the result of a lower tax rate in India versus the U.S.

In June 2000, our board of directors adopted a plan to sell the operations of our contract programming services subsidiary, Synova, Inc. (Synova). Accordingly, the accompanying consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to reflect Synova as a discontinued operation. The net operating results of Synova have been reported, net of income taxes, as “income (loss) from discontinued operations” in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations for all years presented. The net cash flows of Synova have been included in “cash used in discontinued operations” in the accompanying consolidated statements of cash flows for all years presented.

On September 28, 2000, we sold Synova to a related party in exchange for 750,000 shares of our Common Stock, which was determined to be the fair market value.

As a result of this exchange, we recorded a gain on the sale of a discontinued operation of $6.1 million, net of income taxes, in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

In fiscal 2002, restructuring and other costs of $1.3 million were recorded for severance and costs associated with the reduction of 30 employees, including employees from executive management and certain business units.

In fiscal 2001, the Company recorded restructuring and other costs of $23.7 million, consisting of the following:

In fiscal 2000, we recorded restructuring and other costs of $21.5 million, consisting of the following:

Synova is an IT professional services organization owned by a co-chairman of our Board of Directors. For the year ended December 31, 2002, we provided services to Synova totaling approximately $4.6 million. In addition, Synova provided services to Covansys, for the year ended December 31, 2002, totaling approximately $4.1 million. The net balance due Covansys from Synova at December 31, 2002 was $.2 million. In addition, under the terms of a note payable, Synova owes Covansys $8 million. The note is due in September 2005, and interest is being paid quarterly in accordance with its terms.

We paid approximately $.3 million, $.9 million and $1.1 million to Clayton, Dubilier and Rice, Inc. (CDR), a shareholder, for financial, management advisory, and executive management services for the years ended December 31, 2000, 2001 and 2002, respectively.

In 2002, we entered into a ten year agreement to provide IT outsourcing services to SIRVA, Inc., a company related through common ownership by CDR. During the year ended December 31, 2002, services provided by Covansys to SIRVA, Inc. totaled approximately $2.8 million.

During the year ended December 31, 2002, we provided IT services totaling $.2 million to Acterna Corporation, a company related through common ownership by CDR.

We paid approximately $.7 million, $1.1 million and $.2 million during the years ended December 31, 2000, 2001, and 2002, respectively, for merger and acquisition consulting services provided by the Chesapeake Group, Inc., a company owned by a director.

Praja, Inc. (Praja) is an information technology professional services organization owned in part by a co-chairman of our Board of Directors. During the year ended December 31, 2002, we provided services to Praja totaling $.1 million. In addition, during the year ended December 31, 2002, Praja provided services and software to Covansys totaling $.2 million.

We have a note receivable of $.6 million from a director. This note bears interest at 8.25% and is due in December 2006.

In April 2002, the FASB issued SFAS No. 145 “Rescission of FASB Statements No. 4, 44, and 64, Amendment of FASB Statement No. 13, and Technical Corrections”. This statement eliminates the automatic classification of gain or loss on extinguishment of debt as an extraordinary item of income and requires that such gain or loss be evaluated for extraordinary classification under the criteria of Accounting Principles Board No. 30 “Reporting Results of Operations”. This statement also requires sales-leaseback accounting for certain lease modifications that have economic effects that are similar to sales-leaseback transactions, and makes various other technical corrections to existing pronouncements. This statement will be effective for Covansys for the year ending December 31, 2003. The adoption of this statement will not have a material effect on our results of operations or financial position.

In July 2002, the FASB issued SFAS No. 146 “Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities”. This statement requires companies to recognize costs associated with exit or disposal activities when they are incurred rather than at the date of the commitment to an exit or disposal plan. This statement will be effective for Covansys for any exit or disposal activities initiated after December 31, 2002. The adoption of this statement will principally impact the ultimate timing of when activities are recorded as expense.

In November 2002, the FASB issued FIN 45, “Guarantor’s Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees, Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others, an interpretation of FASB Statements No. 5, 57, and 107 and Rescission of FASB Interpretation No. 34”. FIN 45 clarifies the requirements of FASB Statement No. 5, Accounting for Contingencies (FAS 5), relating to the guarantor’s accounting for, and disclosure of, the issuance of certain types of guarantees. Certain disclosure requirements of FIN 45 are included in these consolidated financial statements while the accounting requirements of FIN 45 are effective January 1, 2003. While we have not yet completed our evaluation of FIN 45, we do not expect the adoption of FIN 45 to have a material effect on our results of operations or financial position.

In December 2002, the FASB issued SFAS No. 148 “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation — Transition and Disclosure”. This statement provides alternative methods of transition for a voluntary change to the fair value based method of accounting for stock-based employee compensation. In addition, this statement amends the disclosure requirements of SFAS No. 123 to require more prominent and more frequent disclosures in financial statements about the effects of stock based compensation.

In January 2003, the FASB issued FIN 46, “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities”, an Interpretation of ARB No. 51. FIN 46 provides guidance on the identification of, and financial reporting for, entities over which control is achieved through means other than voting rights, which are referred to as variable-interest entities (“VIEs”). FIN 46 is effective for Covansys for the year ending December 31, 2003. While we have not yet completed the evaluation of FIN 46, we do not expect the adoption of FIN 46 to have a material effect on our results of operations or financial position.

As of December 31, 2002, we had cash and short-term investments totaling $101.0 million. We generally fund our operations and working capital needs through internally generated funds. Cash provided by (used in) operating activities was $(3.3) million, $18.3 million and $16.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2000, 2001 and 2002, respectively. The improvement in cash provided by operations in 2001 and 2002, from 2000, is primarily due to improved operating income and the receipt of tax refunds in 2002.

The principal use of cash for investing activities during the three years ended December 31, 2002 was for the purchase of property and equipment, primarily as part of the development and enhancement of our offshore software development centers, the acquisition of PDA, the purchase of investment securities available

for sale and the payment of the $13.6 million loan guarantee, which was related to the investment in an affiliated management consulting firm (see Note 1 “Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies — Investments” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.)

To facilitate future cash flow needs, we have an arrangement with a commercial bank, where we may borrow an amount not to exceed $20.0 million with interest at the bank’s prime interest rate, or the LIBOR rate plus 1 1/4%. $15.0 million of the $20.0 million is available for standby letters of credit. As of December 31, 2002, we had $5.3 million of standby letters of credit outstanding as collateral for two performance bonds. Borrowings under this facility are short-term, payable on demand and are collateralized by all assets. During the three year period ended December 31, 2002, we have not had any significant average balances outstanding under this arrangement.

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities was $81.3 million, $(12.8) million and $(5.9) million for years ended December 31, 2000, 2001 and 2002, respectively. The change in cash provided by financing activities in 2000 was primarily due to the funds received in connection with the issuance of Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock in 2000 of $185.7 million. A significant use of cash in financing activities was for the repurchase of our Common Stock. During the years ended December 31, 2000, 2001 and 2002, we repurchased 7,663,600, 1,482,700 shares and 1,124,376 shares, respectively, of our Common Stock, for $111.8 million, $14.5 million and $6.6 million, respectively.

Most of our revenues are billed in U.S. dollars. We recognize transaction gains and losses in the period of occurrence. Foreign currency fluctuations in 2000, 2001 and 2002 did not have a material impact on income (loss) from operations as currency fluctuations on revenue denominated in a foreign currency were offset by currency fluctuations on expenses denominated in a foreign currency. There were no material operating trends or effects on liquidity as a result of fluctuations in the functional currency. We do not use derivatives to hedge against foreign currency fluctuations, nor do we speculate in foreign currency.

Revenues generated by our India and Asia operations, including development centers, from both direct services provided to clients in India and Asia as well as services provided to customers in the United States, accounted for 16.1% of our total 2002 revenues. In addition, services provided by our other international operations, primarily in Europe, accounted for 5.1% of our total revenues.

Inflation did not have a material impact on our revenues or income (loss) from operations in fiscal years 2000, 2001 and 2002.

Failure to Recruit, Train and Retain Skilled IT Professionals Could Increase Costs or Limit Growth

Our continued success depends upon our ability to attract, develop, motivate and retain highly skilled IT professionals and project managers with the necessary technical skills and experience who may be in high demand worldwide. We cannot be certain that we will be able to attract or retain the IT professionals that we seek.

We have expanded, and plan to continue to expand our operations through acquisitions of additional businesses.

We have previously made investments in start-up companies that have the potential to be successful and to complement our current business. Investing in these companies is a highly risky strategy. These companies frequently have a limited operating history, unproven business plans and are exposed to high start-up costs.

Our revenues and operating results can vary from quarter to quarter depending on a number of factors, including:

• The timing and number of client projects commenced and completed during a quarter;

Because a high percentage of our expenses are fixed, such as personnel and facilities costs, a variation in revenues may cause a significant variation in our quarterly operating results and could result in losses.

We realized approximately 32% and 42% of our revenues from fixed-price projects during the years ended December 31, 2001 and 2002, respectively. Significant cost overruns can occur if we fail to:

• Complete our contractual obligation in a manner consistent with the project plan.

We cannot be certain that any of our existing or future fixed-price projects will be profitable.

Exposure to Regulatory, Political and General Economic Conditions in India and Asia

Revenues generated by our India and Asia operations from both direct services provided to clients in India and Asia as well as services provided to customers in the United States accounted for 16.1% of our 2002 revenues. In addition, approximately 35% of our workforce was located in India and Asia. We benefit directly from certain incentives provided by the Indian government to encourage foreign investment, including tax holidays (temporary exemptions from taxation on operating income) and liberalized import and export duties. If the Indian government changes any of these incentives, it could negatively impact the profitability of our Indian operations.

India has experienced significant inflation and shortages of foreign exchange, and is subject to civil unrest and acts of terrorism. Changes in interest rates, inflation rates, tax rates and policies, or other social, political, economic or diplomatic developments affecting India in the future could have an adverse effect on our business.

The IT services industry is highly competitive, undergoing consolidation and is served by many national, regional and local firms, all of which are either existing or potential competitors. Many of our competitors have substantially greater resources and greater name recognition than we do. In addition, there are relatively few barriers to entry into our markets. We have faced, and we expect to continue to face, additional competition from new entrants into our markets as well as intensive pricing pressures from that competition. We cannot be certain that we will be able to compete successfully with existing or new competitors.

Although the terms of our contracts with clients range from 90 days to 10 years, a typical contract with a client has a term of less than one year. A client may choose not to renew its contract when it terminates. Under our contracts, clients may unilaterally reduce the use of our services with little or no notice and without

penalty. Many of our contracts have termination provisions and contracts with our public sector state and local clients typically allow for termination for convenience which is required by law. If we are unable to retain our existing clients, our business could be adversely affected. An unanticipated termination of a major project could result in a loss of revenues and could require us to pay a number of unassigned IT professionals until new engagements can be obtained.

Some of Our Clients May Experience Unique Economic Conditions that are Specific to Their Particular Industry

We provide services to clients in a wide variety of industries. Many of the industries are subject to factors and economic conditions that are unique to the particular industry and may not be reflected in the overall health of the economy in general. Our revenue growth and the realizability of our accounts receivable could be adversely affected if our clients in these particular industries encounter economic difficulties. Such difficulties could include:


	•	the inability of participants in the industry to access the capital or credit markets;

	•	business slowdowns due to excess inventory; and

	•	shortfalls in demand for the product or service produced by a particular industry.

In addition, we provide services to state and local governments which may be subject to budget constraints which could result in the termination of our contract.

Our success depends in part upon certain of our solutions and methodologies that we utilize in providing IT services to our clients. We rely upon a combination of nondisclosure and other contractual arrangements and trade secret, copyright and trademark laws to protect our proprietary rights and the proprietary rights of third parties from whom we license intellectual property. However, these may not be adequate to protect our rights.

We are exposed to market risk for the effect of foreign currency fluctuations and interest rate changes. Information relating to quantitative and qualitative disclosure about market risk is set forth below and in Item 7 of this Form 10-K — Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Liquidity and Capital Resources.

Most of our revenues are billed in U.S. dollars. We recognize transaction gains and losses in the period of occurrence. Foreign currency fluctuations in 2000, 2001 and 2002 did not have a material impact on income (loss) from operations as currency fluctuations on revenue denominated in a foreign currency were offset by currency fluctuations on expenses denominated in a foreign currency. We do not generally use derivatives to hedge against foreign currency fluctuations, nor do we speculate in foreign currency.

Our exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to our cash and short-term investment portfolio, which was $101.0 million as of December 31, 2002. All of our short-term investments are designated as available-for-sale and, accordingly, are presented at fair value in the consolidated balance sheet. A portion of our short term investments are in mutual funds. Mutual funds may have their fair market value adversely affected due to a rise in interest rates, and we may suffer losses in principal if forced to sell securities that have declined in market value due to changes in interest rates.

In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated balance sheet and the related consolidated statements of operations, shareholders’ equity and cash flows present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Covansys Corporation and its subsidiaries at December 31, 2002, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for the year then ended in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management; our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audit. We conducted our audit of these statements in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America, which require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. The financial statements of Covansys Corporation as of December 31, 2001, and for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2001, prior to the revisions described in Note 4, were audited by other independent accountants who have ceased operations. Those independent accountants expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements in their report dated January 31, 2002.

As described in Note 4 to the financial statements, the Company changed its method of accounting for goodwill effective January 1, 2002.

As discussed above, the financial statements of Covansys Corporation as of December 31, 2001, and for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2001, were audited by other independent accountants who have ceased operations. As described in Note 4, these financial statements have been revised to include the transitional disclosures required by Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets”, which was adopted by the Company as of January 1, 2002. We audited the transitional disclosures described in Note 4. In our opinion, the transitional disclosures in Note 4 for 2001 and 2000 are appropriate. However, we were not engaged to audit, review, or apply any procedures to the 2001 or 2000 financial statements of the Company other than with respect to such disclosures and, accordingly, we do not express an opinion or any other form of assurance on the 2001 or 2000 financial statements taken as a whole.

The following report is a copy of a report previously issued by Arthur Andersen LLP and has not been reissued by Arthur Andersen LLP. As explained in Note 4, the Company adopted the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” (SFAS No. 142) and has presented the transitional disclosures for 2001 and 2000 required by SFAS No. 142. The Arthur Andersen LLP report does not extend to these changes to the 2001 and 2000 consolidated financial statements. The adjustments to the 2001 and 2000 consolidated financial statements were reported on by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP as stated in their report appearing herein.

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Covansys Corporation (a Michigan corporation formerly named Complete Business Solutions, Inc.) and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2000 and 2001, and the related consolidated statements of operations, shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2001. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Covansys Corporation and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2000 and 2001, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2001 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Covansys Corporation was founded in 1985. Covansys Corporation and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (the Company) provide information technology (IT) services worldwide to large and mid-size organizations. The Company offers its clients a focused range of IT services specializing in industry-specific solutions, strategic outsourcing and integration services. The Company’s range of experience runs from advising clients on IT business strategy and strategic technology plans to developing and implementing appropriate IT applications solutions. During 2001, the Company changed its name to Covansys Corporation from Complete Business Solutions, Inc.

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and all of its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

For significant foreign operations, the local currencies have been designated as the functional currencies. The financial statements of these subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars using exchange rates in effect at year end for assets and liabilities and at the average exchange rate during the year for revenues and expenses. The resulting foreign currency translation adjustment is reflected as a separate component of shareholders’ equity.

Transaction gains and losses, which were not significant in the years presented, are reflected in the consolidated statements of operations in other expense (income).

Cash and cash equivalents include investments in highly liquid money market funds and commercial paper.

Short term investments consist principally of short-term mutual funds. The Company classifies such securities as available-for-sale. Securities classified as available-for-sale are required to be reported at fair value with unrealized gains and losses, net of taxes, excluded from earnings and shown separately as a

component of other comprehensive income within shareholders’ equity. Realized gains and losses on the sale of available-for-sale securities are determined using the specific-identification method.

The unrealized gains on these investments included in accumulated other comprehensive loss at December 31, 2002, are as follows:

The fair values and carrying amounts of certain of the Company’s financial instruments, primarily accounts receivable and payable and accrued liabilities are approximately equivalent due to the short term nature of the instruments.

The Company accounts for certain investments in common stock on the cost method. The Company continually evaluates whether events and circumstances have occurred that indicate a decline in the market value of the common stock is judged to be other than temporary. When factors indicate that the decline in market value is other than temporary, the cost basis is written down to fair market value.

The Company had an equity investment in a management consulting firm and also provided a guarantee of the consulting firm’s bank debt. In the second quarter of 2001, the Company determined that the equity investment did not fit the strategic direction of the Company. In connection with that determination, the Company also decided to terminate its guarantee of the consulting firm’s bank debt. This decision resulted in the Company being required to pay the bank debt in the approximate amount of $13,600. In return, the Company received a note receivable from the consulting firm in such amount. On July 31, 2001, the Company entered into an agreement with the consulting firm to terminate its ownership interest, eliminate any future equity investments and reduce the $13,600 note receivable to $1,400. The Company also agreed to continue to guarantee a property lease for office space of the consulting firm and assumed $250 of liabilities of the consulting firm. Simultaneously with the closing of this agreement the consulting firm paid $500 of the $1,400 note receivable. Accordingly, during the second quarter of 2001, the Company recorded a charge of $14,700 related primarily to the impairment of the equity investment and note receivable and related transaction fees recorded in restructuring, merger costs and other in the accompanying statement of operations. During the fourth quarter of 2002, the Company was required to perform on its guarantee of the office space for the consulting firm. As such, the Company recorded a charge of $1,200 which represented the discounted net liability for the remaining term of the lease.

In the third and fourth quarter of 2000, the Company determined that certain investments in the technology sector had experienced declines in market value which were judged to be other than temporary. As a result, the Company recorded an adjustment of approximately $3,773 to reduce these investments to their estimated fair market value. This write-down is included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

Goodwill represents the excess of cost over the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets related to businesses acquired and the acquisition of shares of a subsidiary. Goodwill is carried at cost, less accumulated amortization, and through December 31, 2001, was amortized on a straight-line basis over periods ranging from 20 to 30 years. The Company continually evaluates whether events and circumstances have occurred that indicate the remaining estimated useful life of goodwill may warrant revision or that the remaining balance

may not be recoverable. The Company tests for impairment of its reporting units by comparing fair value to carrying value. Fair value is determined using a discounted cash flow methodology.

In the fourth quarter of 2000, the Company determined that the goodwill that originated from certain of its acquisitions was impaired due to the Company’s strategic decision to refocus its service offerings and eliminate certain product line offerings on a Company-wide basis. As a result, the Company estimated the present value of expected future cash flows related to this goodwill and recorded an adjustment of approximately $15,292 to reduce these assets to their estimated fair value. This write-down is included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

Goodwill amortization was $858 and $561 for the years ended December 31, 2000 and 2001, respectively. Accumulated amortization at December 31, 2001 and 2002 was $3,801.

Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is provided primarily using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the expected life of the asset or term of the lease, whichever is shorter.

Internally developed computer software is recorded at cost and includes purchased, internally developed and externally developed software to be used in the Company’s operations.

The Company recognizes professional service fee revenue on time-and-materials contracts as the services are performed.

Revenues from fixed-price outsourcing contracts are recognized ratably over the applicable outsourcing period. Retainages, which are not material for any of the years presented, are included in revenue earned in excess of billings in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Revenue earned in excess of billings is primarily comprised of revenue recognized on certain contracts in excess of contractual billings on such contracts. Billings in excess of revenue earned are classified as deferred revenue.

The Company performs research to develop software for various business applications. The costs of such research are charged to expense when incurred. When the technological feasibility of the product is established, subsequent costs are capitalized. Capitalized software costs are amortized on a product-by-product basis. Amortization is recorded on the straight-line method over the estimated economic life of the product, generally five years, commencing when such product is available. The establishment of technological feasibility and the ongoing assessment of the recoverability of these costs requires considerable judgment by management with respect to certain external factors, including, but not limited to, anticipated future gross product revenue, estimated economic product lives and changes in software and hardware technology. These assumptions are reevaluated and adjusted as necessary at the end of each accounting period. On an ongoing basis, management reviews the valuation and amortization of capitalized development costs. As part of this

review, the Company considers the value of future cash flows attributable to the capitalized development costs in evaluating potential impairment of the asset.

Amounts capitalized were $748, $124 and $1,016 for the years ended December 31, 2000, 2001 and 2002, respectively.

During the year ended December 31, 2002, in connection with the acquisition of PDA Software Services, Inc. (see Note 3), the Company acquired computer software totaling $5,694.

The amortization of software development costs was $1,245, $1,026 and $1,737 for the years ended December 31, 2000, 2001 and 2002, respectively.

Accumulated amortization on computer software amounted to $2,682 and $4,852 as of December 31, 2001 and 2002, respectively.

Amounts charged to expense for research and development of computer software were not material in the periods presented.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

Other expenses (income) represents interest earned and realized gains and losses on cash and short-term investments.

Basic and diluted net income (loss) per share is computed in accordance with SFAS No. 128, “Earnings Per Share,” by dividing the net income (loss) allocable to common shareholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding. For the years 2000, 2001 and 2002, the effect of convertible redeemable preferred stock, stock options and warrants outstanding for the purchase of shares of common stock has not been used in the calculation of diluted net loss per share because to do so would be anti-dilutive. As such, the numerator and the denominator used in computing both basic and diluted net loss per share allocable to common stockholders are equal. The calculation of diluted loss per share for 2002 excludes 8,695,121 of common stock equivalents related to the convertible redeemable preferred stock, 5,300,000 of warrants issued to CD&R, and 5,211,229 average number of stock options outstanding.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Estimates and assumptions which, in the opinion of management, are significant to the underlying amounts included in the financial statements and for which it would be reasonably possible that future events or information could change those estimates include: (1) revenue recognition under the percentage-of-completion method,

(2) impairment assessments of goodwill and other long-lived assets, (3) realization of deferred tax assets, (4) allowance for doubtful accounts and (5) litigation-related contingencies. These estimates are discussed further throughout the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

The Company has elected to account for stock options using the intrinsic value method prescribed in Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees,” and related interpretations. As supplemental information, the Company has elected to provide the pro forma disclosures, as permitted under the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation (“SFAS No. 123”)”. Accordingly, no additional compensation expense has been recognized for the Plan within the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Had compensation expense for the Plan been determined based on the fair value at the grant date consistent with the provisions of SFAS No. 123, the Company’s pro forma net income (loss) from continuing operations and pro forma diluted earnings (loss) per common share would have been reduced to the amounts indicated below:

amends the disclosure requirements of SFAS No. 123 to require more prominent and more frequent disclosures in financial statements about the effects of stock-based compensation.

In November 2002, the FASB issued FIN 45, “Guarantor’s Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees, Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others, an interpretation of FASB Statements No. 5, 57, and 107 and Rescission of FASB Interpretation No. 34”. FIN 45 clarifies the requirements of FASB Statement No. 5, Accounting for Contingencies (FAS 5), relating to the guarantor’s accounting for, and disclosure of, the issuance of certain types of guarantees. Certain disclosure requirements of FIN 45 are included in these consolidated financial statements while the accounting requirements of FIN 45 are effective January 1, 2003. While the Company has not yet completed its evaluation of FIN 45, the Company does not expect the adoption of FIN 45 to have a material effect on its results of operations or financial position.

In January 2003, the FASB issued FIN 46, “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities,” an Interpretation of ARB No. 51. FIN 46 provides guidance on the identification of, and financial reporting for, entities over which control is achieved through means other than voting rights, which are referred to as variable-interest entities (“VIEs”). FIN 46 is effective for the Company for the year ending December 31, 2003. While the Company has not yet completed its evaluation of FIN 46, the Company does not expect the adoption of FIN 46 to have a material effect on its results of operations or financial position.

In October 2002, the Company’s board of directors authorized the repurchase of an additional 2,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, bringing the total authorization to 14,000,000 shares. During the years ended December 31, 2000, 2001 and 2002, the Company repurchased 7,663,600, 1,482,700 shares and 1,124,376 shares for cash, at a total cost of $111,820, $14,470 and $6,583, respectively. Through December 31, 2002, the Company has repurchased 10,624,676 shares of its common stock for cash, at a total cost of $138,087. As of December 31, 2002, 3,375,324 shares remain available for repurchase under the board of directors authorization.

On May 31, 2002, the Company acquired all of the outstanding capital stock of PDA Software Services, Inc (“PDA”). PDA is a market leader in the development, implementation and maintenance of systems for states required to meet federal tracking and reporting mandates of the Women, Infants & Children Program. The acquisition expands the Company’s portfolio of capabilities for state governments and strengthens the Company’s business process outsourcing capabilities. For financial statement purposes the acquisition was accounted for as a purchase and, accordingly, PDA’s results are included in the consolidated financial statements since the date of acquisition. Pro forma information related to this acquisition is not included because the impact is considered immaterial. The aggregate purchase price was approximately $15,914, net of cash acquired. The aggregate purchase price, which was funded through available working capital, has been allocated to the acquired assets and liabilities based upon their respective fair values as follows:.

Effective January 1, 2002, the Company adopted SFAS No. 141 Business Combinations and SFAS No. 142 Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets. SFAS 141 requires business combinations initiated after June 30, 2001 to be accounted for using the purchase method of accounting. SFAS 142 requires that goodwill and certain intangibles no longer be amortized, but instead be tested for impairment at least annually.

The following table summarizes the reconciliation of reported net loss available for common shareholders to adjusted net loss available for common shareholders for the years ended December 31, 2000 and 2001, had SFAS 142 been applied.

The Company completed the transitional goodwill impairment testing, as required by SFAS No. 142, during 2002. The Company tested for impairment of its reporting units by comparing fair value to carrying value. Fair value was determined using a discounted cash flow methodology. The Company updated this analysis as part of its annual assessment as of December 31, 2002. These evaluations indicated that goodwill was not impaired.

The Company grants credit to clients based upon management’s assessment of their creditworthiness. Substantially all of the Company’s receivables are from large and mid-size companies, major systems integrators and governmental agencies.

During the year ended December 31, 2000, the Company recorded a $18,730 provision to write-down certain accounts receivable, primarily due to receivables from dot.com companies which had become uncollectible.

As of December 31, 2001 and 2002, property and equipment consisted of the following:

Depreciation expense totaled $9,864, $9,929, and $13,153, for the years ended December 31, 2000, 2001 and 2002, respectively.

Synova, Inc. and subsidiaries (Synova) are an IT professional services organization owned by a co-chairman of the Company’s Board of Directors. For the year ended December 31, 2002 the Company provided services to Synova totaling approximately $4,643. In addition, Synova provided services to the Company, for the year ended December 31, 2002, totaling approximately $4,107. The net balance owed to the Company by Synova at December 31, 2002 was $226. In addition, under the terms of a note payable, Synova owes the Company $8,000. The note is due in September 2005, and interest, at 8.5%, is paid quarterly in accordance with its terms.

The Company paid approximately $333, $949 and $1,111 to Clayton, Dubilier and Rice, Inc. (CDR), a shareholder, for financial, management advisory, and executive management services for the years ended December 31, 2000, 2001 and 2002, respectively.

In 2002, the Company entered into a ten-year agreement to provide IT outsourcing services to SIRVA, Inc., a company related through common ownership by CDR. During the year ended December 31, 2002, services provided by the Company to SIRVA, Inc. totaled approximately $2,753.

During the year ended December 31, 2002, the Company provided IT services totaling $185 to Acterna Corporation, a company related through common ownership by CDR.

The Company paid approximately $717, $1,118 and $237 during the years ended December 31, 2000, 2001, and 2002, respectively, for merger and acquisition consulting services provided by the Chesapeake Group, Inc., a company owned by a director.

Praja, Inc. (Praja) is an information technology professional services organization owned in part by a co-chairman of the Company’s Board of Directors. During the year ended December 31, 2002, the Company provided services to Praja totaling $63. In addition, during the year ended December 31, 2002, Praja provided services and software to the Company totaling $183.

The Company has a note receivable in the amount of $558 from a director. This note bears interest at 8.25% and is due in December 2006.

Under a credit arrangement with a commercial bank, the Company may borrow an amount not to exceed $30,000 at the bank’s prime interest rate, or LIBOR plus 1 1/4%. $15,000 of the $30,000 is available for standby letters of credit. Borrowings under the facility are short-term, payable on demand and are collateralized by all assets of the Company. There were no amounts outstanding under this agreement at December 31, 2001 and $5,250 of standby letters of credit were outstanding at December 31, 2002 as collateral for two performance bonds — see Note 15.

Subsequent to December 31, 2002, the Company’s credit arrangement expired. The Company is currently finalizing a new credit arrangement, whereby the Company may borrow an amount not to exceed $20,000. All other significant terms and conditions will remain substantially the same as the previous credit arrangement.

The Company is self-insured in the U.S. for health and dental benefits up to $100 per member annually. Insurance coverage is carried for risks in excess of this amount. The Company recognized health and dental benefits expense in the U.S. of approximately $10,805, $12,612, and $12,500 for the years ended December 31, 2000, 2001 and 2002, respectively. Estimated claims incurred but not reported were $2,000 as of December 31, 2001 and 2002 and are included in other accrued liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

The Company leases its headquarters, regional offices, equipment and automobiles under noncancelable, operating leases.

Rent expense for the years ended December 31, 2000, 2001 and 2002 amounted to approximately $10,120, $7,764, and $9,177, respectively. The future minimum lease payments required under these operating leases for the years ending December 31, are as follows:

The Company maintains a Stock Option Plan (the Plan). Under the Plan, eligible employees and directors may be granted either incentive stock options (ISOs) or non-incentive stock options (NISOs) at the discretion of the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. At December 31, 2002 there are 13,247,454 shares of Common Stock authorized for grant under the Plan. Options under the Plan are granted at fair value on the date of grant. The options vest over periods determined by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors.

The Plan agreements provide for the option holder to exercise the options in exchange for cash, or a promissory note payable to the Company over a period of up to five years for NISOs and up to two years for ISOs. These notes are collateralized by the underlying common stock, are full recourse, and bear interest at the prime rate of interest determined at the date of exercise. Interest on the loans is payable every six months. The loan provision was eliminated from all new option grants effective May 2002. Outstanding loans of $2,218

at December 31, 2002 have been classified as stock subscriptions, receivable in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet.

In October 2002, the Board of Directors approved a plan under which certain option holders were permitted to exchange existing stock options for a number of stock options to be calculated using the Black-Scholes valuation methodology. The new stock options will be issued no sooner than six months and a day from the date the original options were cancelled. The new stock options will be granted with an exercise price equal to the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. A total of 5,203,162 options were available for cancellation under this program. 2,590,527 options were cancelled effective December 13, 2002 and will ultimately be replaced with 790,373 options to be issued no sooner than 6 months and 1 day from the date of cancellation. This will result in 1,800,154 options becoming available for future grant.

The fair value of each option grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions used for the 2000, 2001 and 2002 grants: risk-free rate of interest

of 6.2%, 4.9% and 4.2% in 2000, 2001 and 2002, respectively, dividend yield of 0%, and expected lives of 4 to 5 years. A volatility factor of 87%, 147% and 92% was used in 2000, 2001 and 2002, respectively.

A summary of options outstanding at December 31, 2002, is as follows (number of options in thousands):

The Company maintains the Covansys Corporation Incentive Savings Plan and Trust (the 401(k) plan). All U.S. employees of the Company are eligible to participate in the 401(k) plan on their first day of service if they have attained age 21. The 401(k) plan is a defined contribution plan, qualified as a profit sharing plan under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. Through December 31, 2001, the 401(k) plan allowed eligible employees to contribute up to 18% of their compensation with the Company matching a percentage of the contributions. Effective January 1, 2002, the 401(k) plan was amended to allow eligible employees to contribute up to 50% of their compensation. For the years ended December 31, 2000, 2001 and 2002, the Company matched 40% of the employees’ contribution up to a maximum of 2.4% of the employees’ compensation.

Matching contributions made by the Company amounted to approximately $1,914, $2,850 and $2,880 for the years ended December 31, 2000, 2001 and 2002, respectively. The Company may also make an additional contribution, at its discretion, to the 401(k) plan. No such additional contributions have been made to date.

The Company maintains various employee retention programs. The expense related to these programs is recognized as the compensation is earned.

Covansys Mauritius is incorporated in Mauritius and is not subject to income taxes. Covansys India is an Indian corporation subject to income taxes and receives certain exemptions from Indian income taxes under free trade zone and software exporters provisions of Indian tax law. Covansys India’s tax provision has been included in the consolidated statements of operations as part of the provision (benefit) for income taxes. The Company considers all undistributed earnings of its foreign subsidiaries to be permanently invested. Therefore, no United States income taxes have been provided on these earnings.

For 2002, $(4,857) of income from continuing operations before income taxes was from U.S. sources, and $9,622 was from non-U.S. sources.

The items accounting for the difference between income taxes computed at the federal statutory rate and the consolidated effective rate are as follows:

The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are presented below:

At December 31, 2002, the Company had available U.S. Federal net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $23,400, which expire between 2011 and 2021.

The Company is a provider of IT services, and is organized geographically throughout North America, India and Asia, and other international locations. The chief operating decision-makers evaluate each location’s performance based primarily on its revenues, gross margin and operating income due to the similarity of the nature of services provided to clients. Under this organization, the operating segments have been aggregated into one reportable segment. The accounting policies of the operating segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies.

The following table summarizes selected financial information of the Company’s operations by geographic location.

Long-lived assets for 2000 and 2001 included deferred taxes of $0 and $2,891 respectively and financial instruments consisting of the Company’s note receivable from Synova and its investments in equity affiliates of $17,110 and $11,510, respectively. The Company’s 2002 long-lived asset disclosure excludes deferred taxes of $9,432 and financial instruments of $11,027.

The Company is, from time to time, party to ordinary, routine litigation incidental to the Company’s business. After discussion with its legal counsel, the Company does not believe that the ultimate resolution of any existing matter will have a material adverse effect on its financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

In addition, many of the Company’s engagements involve projects that are critical to the operations of its clients’ businesses and provide benefits that may be difficult to quantify. The Company attempts to contractually limit its liability for damages arising from errors, mistakes, omissions or negligent acts in rendering its services. The Company has undertaken engagements for which the Company guarantees its performance based upon defined client specifications on delivery dates. Certain engagements have required the Company to obtain a performance bond from a licensed surety, to guarantee performance, and to post the performance bond with the client. As of December 31, 2002, the Company had 15 performance bonds outstanding and posted with clients, with an aggregate total value of $31,937. Two of these performance bonds are secured by letters of credit totaling $5,250. The Company intends to satisfy all of its performance obligations with its clients and does not anticipate defaulting on any of these performance bonds or letters of credit.

On March 17, 2000, the Company entered into an agreement with a fund managed by CDR whereby CDR invested $200,000, in two transactions, to purchase 200,000 shares of convertible redeemable preferred stock (Preferred Stock) convertible into 8,695,652 shares of Covansys Common Stock and also issued warrants to purchase 5,300,000 shares of the Company’s Common Stock.

The Preferred Stock is convertible at any time subsequent to issuance at a price of $23 per share, subject to certain adjustments, and may be redeemed, at CDR’s option, if not converted within ten years of the date of issuance. The warrants consist of seven-year warrants to purchase 3,500,000 shares at $25 per share and ten-year warrants to purchase 1,800,000 shares at $31 per share. All of the warrants become exercisable upon the earlier of the third anniversary of the date of issuance or the Company’s stock price exceeding a predetermined price for twenty consecutive trading days.

Upon closing of the transactions, the proceeds were allocated to the convertible Preferred Stock and the warrants based on their relative fair values, with the convertible Preferred Stock classified outside of stockholders’ equity and the warrants as additional paid-in capital on the consolidated balance sheet. Any difference between the fair value allocated to the convertible Preferred Stock and the fair value of the Company’s Common Stock is considered a beneficial conversion feature. The beneficial conversion feature, which does not affect net income, is accounted for as a dividend on the convertible Preferred Stock in the period it is issued and as a reduction of income available to common shareholders in the computation of basic and fully diluted earnings per share.

The Preferred Stock is not redeemable at the option of the holder until after ten years from the date of issuance. Due to the redeemable nature of the Preferred Stock, the difference between the proceeds allocated to the Preferred Stock and the amount of the redemption ($200,000) is being accreted to Preferred Stock over the redemption period as a dividend on Preferred Stock. The Preferred Stock ranks senior to common stock in the event of liquidation, has voting rights equal to the number of common shares into which it is convertible and is entitled to the same dividend as common stock if a dividend is declared.

In June 2000, the Company’s board of directors adopted a plan to sell the operations of its contract programming services subsidiary, Synova. Accordingly, the accompanying consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to reflect Synova as a discontinued operation. The net operating results of Synova have been reported, net of income taxes, as “income (loss) from discontinued operations” in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations for 2000. The net cash flows of Synova have been included in “cash used in discontinued operations” in the accompanying consolidated statements of cash flows for 2000.

Summarized financial information for the discontinued operations of Synova are as follows:

On September 28, 2000, the Company sold Synova to a co-chairman of the Company’s Board of Directors in exchange for 750,000 shares of the Company’s Common Stock, determined to be the fair market value. As a result of this exchange, the Company recorded a gain on the sale of a discontinued operation of $6,072, net of income taxes, in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

In connection with the sale of Synova, certain receivables due to the Company were converted into a note receivable from Synova of $8,000 which is included in Other Assets on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. The note receivable is due in September 2005, is guaranteed by the co-chairman of the Company’s Board of Directors and interest, at 8.5%, is being paid quarterly in accordance with its terms.

In fiscal 2000, the Company recorded restructuring and other costs of $21,507, consisting of the following:

In fiscal 2001, the Company recorded restructuring and other costs of $23,665, consisting of the following:

In fiscal 2002, the Company recorded restructuring and other costs of $1,324 related to the termination of 30 employees, including employees from executive management and certain business units.

The following is a roll forward of the accrual balance for Restructuring, Merger and Other Related charges:

The balance of $1,470 as of December 31, 2002 is comprised primarily of remaining lease termination costs which are scheduled to be paid through 2005.

Cash payments and other includes $1,700 of liabilities that were reclassified within accrued other liabilities based upon the nature of the item.

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

In April 2002, the Board of Directors of the Company dismissed Arthur Andersen LLP (“Andersen”) as its independent public accountants, and appointed PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP(“PwC”) as its new independent accountants. The appointment of PwC was ratified by the Company’s shareholders at the 2002 Annual Meeting.

During the two most recent fiscal years of the Company ended December 31, 2001, and the subsequent interim period through April 26, 2002, there were no disagreements between the Company and Andersen on any matter of accounting principles or practices, financial disclosure or auditing scope or procedure, which disagreements, if not resolved to Andersen’s satisfaction would have caused Andersen to make reference to the subject matter of the disagreement in connection with its reports and there were no reportable events as defined in Item 304(a)(1)(v) of Regulation S-K. None of Andersen’s reports on the Company’s consolidated financial statements for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2001 and 2000 contained an adverse opinion or disclaimer of opinion, nor was any such report qualified or modified as to uncertainty, audit scope or accounting principles.

The information required by this item is included in our Proxy Statement for our 2003 Annual Meeting of Shareholders under the caption Directors and Executive Officers and is incorporated herein by reference.

The information required by this item is included in our Proxy Statement for our 2003 Annual Meeting of Shareholders under the caption Executive Compensation and is incorporated herein by reference.

The information required by this item is included in our Proxy Statement for our 2003 Annual Meeting of Shareholders under the caption Director and Executive Officer Ownership of Covansys Corporation Common Stock and is incorporated herein by reference.

The information required by this item is included in our Proxy Statement for our 2003 Annual Meeting of Shareholders under the caption Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and is incorporated herein by reference.

The Company maintains controls and procedures designed to ensure that it is able to collect the information that is required to be disclosed in the reports it files with the SEC, and to process, summarize and disclose this information within the time period specified by the rules of the SEC. The Company’s Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer are responsible for establishing, maintaining and enhancing these procedures. They are also responsible, as required by the rules established by the SEC, for the evaluation of the effectiveness of these procedures.

Based on their evaluation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures which took place as of a date within 90 days of the filing of this report, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer believe that these procedures are effective to ensure that the Company is able to collect, process and disclose the information it is required to disclose in the reports it files with the SEC within the required time period.

The Company maintains a system of internal controls designed to provide reasonable assurance that: transactions are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization; transactions are recorded as necessary to (1) permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles, and (2) maintain accountability for assets. Access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization.

Since the date of the most recent evaluation of the Company’s internal controls by the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, there have been no significant changes in such controls or in other factors that could have significantly affected those controls, including any corrective actions with regard to significant deficiencies and material weaknesses.

During management’s evaluation of internal controls, certain deficiencies were identified involving manually intensive processes, concentration of knowledge and the need to increase training of financial staff. Management is currently addressing these deficiencies through the implementation of a consolidation and financial reporting tool, standardization and automation of processes and procedures, and enhancing the skill sets of financial and operational staff through hiring and expanded training programs.


	The following consolidated financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries are filed herewith:

Pursuant to the requirements of Sections 13 and 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.


	By:	/s/ MARTIN C. CLAGUE



	Martin C. Clague
	Chief Executive Officer, President
	and Director
	March 12, 2003

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated:


	1.	I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Covansys Corporation;

	2.	Based on my knowledge, this annual report does not contain any untrue statement of material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this annual report;

	3.	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this annual report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this annual report;

	4.	The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14) for the registrant and have:


	a).	designed such disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this annual report is being prepared;

	b).	evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures as of a date within 90 days prior to the filing date of this annual report (the “Evaluation Date”); and

	c).	presented in this annual report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures based on our evaluation as of the Evaluation Date:


	5.	The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent function);


	a).	all significant deficiencies in the design or operation of internal controls which could adversely affect the registrants ability to record, process, summarize and report financial data and have identified for the registrant’s auditors any material weaknesses in internal controls; and

	b).	any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal controls; and


	6.	The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have indicated in this annual report whether or not there were significant changes in internal controls or in other factors that could significantly affect internal controls subsequent to the date of our most recent evaluation, including any corrective actions with regard to significant deficiencies and material weaknesses.


	1.	I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Covansys Corporation;

	2.	Based on my knowledge, this annual report does not contain any untrue statement of material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this annual report;

	3.	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this annual report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this annual report;

	4.	The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14) for the registrant and have:


	a).	designed such disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this annual report is being prepared;

	b).	evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures as of a date within 90 days prior to the filing date of this annual report (the “Evaluation Date”); and

	c).	presented in this annual report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures based on our evaluation as of the Evaluation Date:


	5.	The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent function);


	a).	all significant deficiencies in the design or operation of internal controls which could adversely affect the registrants ability to record, process, summarize and report financial data and have identified for the registrant’s auditors any material weaknesses in internal controls; and

	b).	any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal controls; and


	6.	The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have indicated in this annual report whether or not there were significant changes in internal controls or in other factors that could significantly affect internal controls subsequent to the date of our most recent evaluation, including any corrective actions with regard to significant deficiencies and material weaknesses.


	/s/ Michael S. Duffey

	Executive Vice President of
	Finance and Administration and
	Chief Financial Officer


Michigan (State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)		38-2606945 (IRS Employer Identification No.)

32605 West Twelve Mile Road Farmington Hills, Michigan (Address of principal executive office)		48334-3339 (Zip Code)


PART I
PART II
PART III
PART IV
SIGNATURES
Subsidiaries of Registrant
Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
906 Certification of the Chief Executive Officer
906 Certification of the Chief Financial Officer


Part I
Item 1.	Business	1
Item 2.	Properties	6
Item 3.	Legal Proceedings	7
Item 4.	Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders	7
Part II
Item 5.	Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters	8
Item 6.	Selected Financial Data	9
Item 7.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	11
Item 8.	Financial Statement and Supplementary Data	20
Item 9.	Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	42
Part III
Item 10.	Directors and Executive Officers of the Company	43
Item 11.	Executive Compensation	43
Item 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management	43
Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions	43
Item 14.	Controls and Procedures	43
Part IV
Item 15.	Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules and Reports on Form 8-K	44
Signatures		45



North America		International
Atlanta, GA Chicago, IL Cleveland, OH Columbus, OH Farmington Hills, MI Indianapolis, IN Lansing, MI	Middletown, CT Milpitas, CA Montreal, Canada Overland Park, KS Portland, OR Providence, RI Sacramento, CA Tampa, FL	Bangalore, India Brussels, Belgium Chennai, India London, U.K. Madrid, Spain Mumbai, India Munich, Germany Rome, Italy Singapore



		Price Range of
		Common Stock

		High		Low

Year Ended December 31, 2001:
	First Quarter	$	13.19	$	9.13
	Second Quarter	$	13.65	$	8.61
	Third Quarter	$	13.32	$	7.45
	Fourth Quarter	$	9.98	$	6.38
Year Ended December 31, 2002:
	First Quarter	$	10.69	$	7.30
	Second Quarter	$	9.17	$	5.28
	Third Quarter	$	6.10	$	1.70
	Fourth Quarter	$	4.24	$	1.77



		Years Ended December 31,

		1998			1999			2000			2001			2002(b)


		(In thousands, except per share data)
Statement of Operations Data:
	Revenues	$	361,667		$	443,541		$	419,641		$	404,734		$	383,053
	Cost of revenues		236,499			297,171			308,299			290,651			284,853

	Gross profit		125,168			146,370			111,342			114,083			98,200
	Selling, general and administrative expenses		83,233			98,645			143,467			115,011			96,221
	Restructuring, merger costs and other(a)		28,250			5,367			21,507			23,665			1,324

	Income (loss) from continuing operations		13,685			42,358			(53,632	)		(24,593	)		655
	Other expense (income)		(2,927	)		(3,737	)		(6,060	)		(5,531	)		(4,110	)

	Income (loss) from continuing operations before provision (benefit) for income taxes and minority interest		16,612			46,095			(47,572	)		(19,062	)		4,765
	Provision (benefit) for income taxes		9,962			16,283			(11,255	)		(8,544	)		880

	Net income (loss) from continuing operations		6,650			29,812			(36,317	)		(10,518	)		3,885

	Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes		41			(15	)		(1,692	)		—			—
	Gain on sale of discontinued operations, net of income taxes		—			—			6,072			—			—

	Net income (loss)		6,691			29,797			(31,937	)		(10,518	)		3,885
	Beneficial conversion feature		—			—			(23,651	)		—			—
	Convertible redeemable preferred stock dividends		—			—			(2,569	)		(4,265	)		(4,298	)

	Net income (loss) available for common shareholders	$	6,691		$	29,797		$	(58,157	)	$	(14,783	)	$	(413	)

	Basic weighted average shares outstanding		34,414			37,267			32,892			28,704			27,734

	Basic earnings (loss) per share	$	0.19		$	0.80		$	(1.77	)	$	(0.51	)	$	(0.01	)

	Diluted weighted average shares outstanding		36,211			38,212			32,892			28,704			27,734

	Diluted earnings (loss) per share	$	0.18		$	0.78		$	(1.77	)	$	(0.51	)	$	(0.01	)



		As of December 31,

		1998		1999		2000		2001		2002(b)


		(In thousands)
Balance Sheet Data:
	Cash and cash equivalents	$	60,732	$	91,236	$	140,123	$	123,755	$	87,742
	Working capital		108,857		166,051		206,900		187,157		164,383
	Total assets		191,045		277,388		330,901		297,623		305,274
	Revolving credit facility and long-term debt		—		—		—		—		—
	Convertible redeemable preferred stock		—		—		155,660		159,924		164,222
	Total shareholders’ equity		141,155		236,417		117,106		87,805		82,170


(a)	Fiscal year 2002 restructuring, merger costs and other consists of approximately $1.3 million related to costs associated with our organizational restructuring, including severance. Fiscal year 2001 restructuring, merger costs and other consists of approximately $14.7 million related primarily to the disposal of an equity investment and related note receivable based on management’s determination that this investment no longer fit the strategic direction of the Company; approximately $7.3 million of costs associated with our organizational restructuring, including severances and lease terminations; and approximately $1.7 million in legal and advisory fees related to discontinued acquisition discussions. Fiscal year 2000 restructuring, merger costs and other consists of approximately $18.6 million of costs associated with our organizational restructuring, including severance and lease terminations, and approximately $2.9 million related primarily to the write-down of certain assets which we determined were no longer realizable. Fiscal year 1999 restructuring, merger costs and other consists of approximately $5.4 million of certain non-capitalizable merger and other costs, including lease termination and severance, related to the acquisition of EBS. Fiscal year 1998 consists of approximately $12.7 million in transaction costs related to the mergers with Costello and Claremont and approximately $15.6 million related primarily to the write-down of certain assets which Claremont determined, prior to June 30, 1998, were no longer realizable.

(b)	On January 31, 2002, we issued a press release which announced our unaudited earnings for the three month period and year ended December 31, 2002, as well as the summarized balance sheet as of December 31, 2002. Subsequent to our earnings announcement, management identified certain necessary adjustments that were not of a material nature or amount and did not change reported net income or earnings per share. These adjustments have been included in the amounts presented for 2002 in this Form 10-K.



	Years Ended
	December 31,

	2000			2001			2002
Revenues		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%
Cost of revenues		73.5			71.8			74.4

Gross profit		26.5			28.2			25.6
Selling, general and administrative expenses		34.2			28.4			25.1
Restructuring, merger costs and other		5.1			5.8			0.3

Income (loss) from continuing operations		(12.8	)%		(6.0	)%		0.2	%


Write-down resulting from the disposal of an equity investment and related note receivable, plus transaction costs	$	14.7
Severance costs		5.3
Termination of lease obligations associated with consolidation of facilities		0.9
Discontinued acquisition discussions		1.7
Other		1.1

	$	23.7


Severance costs	$	8.8
Termination of lease obligations associated with consolidation of facilities		5.8
Write-off of assets due to change in strategic direction		2.9
Other		4.0

	$	21.5


LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
	Accounts payable			$	10,127		$	10,754
	Accrued payroll and related costs				29,650			23,063
	Other accrued liabilities				9,495			24,310
	Deferred revenue				397			627

		Total current liabilities			49,669			58,754

Other liabilities					225			128
Commitments and contingencies
Convertible redeemable preferred stock, no par value, 200,000 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2001 and 2002					159,924			164,222
Shareholders’ equity:
	Preferred stock, no par value, 1,000,000 shares authorized, 200,000 issued as convertible redeemable preferred stock				—			—
	Common stock, no par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized, 28,254,850 and 27,221,049 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2001 and 2002, respectively				—			—
	Additional paid-in capital				108,946			98,631
	Retained earnings (deficit)				(12,230	)		(8,345	)
	Stock subscriptions receivable				(2,362	)		(2,218	)
	Accumulated other comprehensive loss				(6,549	)		(5,898	)

			Total shareholders’ equity		87,805			82,170

			Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	297,623		$	305,274



			Year Ended December 31,

			2000			2001			2002


			(In thousands, except per share data)
Revenues			$	419,641		$	404,734		$	383,053
Cost of revenues				308,299			290,651			284,853

		Gross profit		111,342			114,083			98,200
Selling, general and administrative expenses				143,467			115,011			96,221
Restructuring, merger costs and other				21,507			23,665			1,324

		Income (loss) from continuing operations		(53,632	)		(24,593	)		655
Other expense (income)				(6,060	)		(5,531	)		(4,110	)

		Income (loss) from continuing operations before provision (benefit) for income taxes		(47,572	)		(19,062	)		4,765
Provision (benefit) for income taxes				(11,255	)		(8,544	)		880

		Net income (loss) from continuing operations		(36,317	)		(10,518	)		3,885
Loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes				(1,692	)		—			—
Gain on sale of discontinued operations, net of income taxes				6,072			—			—

		Net income (loss)		(31,937	)		(10,518	)		3,885
Beneficial conversion feature				(23,651	)		—			—
Convertible redeemable preferred stock dividends				(2,569	)		(4,265	)		(4,298	)

		Net loss available for common shareholders	$	(58,157	)	$	(14,783	)	$	(413	)

Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share —
	Weighted average shares outstanding			32,892			28,704			27,734

From continuing operations			$	(1.10	)	$	(0.37	)	$	0.14
From discontinued operations				(0.05	)		—			—
From gain on sale of discontinued operations				0.18			—			—
From beneficial conversion feature and dividends				(0.80	)		(0.14	)		(0.15	)

Basic and diluted loss per share			$	(1.77	)	$	(0.51	)	$	(0.01	)


														Accumulated
		Common Stock			Additional			Retained			Stock			Other			Total
		Shares			Paid-in			Earnings			Subscriptions			Comprehensive			Shareholders’
		Outstanding			Capital			(Deficit)			Receivable			Loss			Equity


		(Dollars in thousands)
Balance — December 31, 1999			37,494,446		$	182,816		$	60,709		$	(5,599	)	$	(1,509	)	$	236,417
	Net loss		—			—			(31,937	)		—			—			(31,937	)
	Currency translation adjustment (loss)		—			—			—			—			(2,901	)		(2,901	)
	Stock options exercised		420,103			4,193			—			(1,005	)		—			3,188
	Repayment of stock subscriptions receivable		—			—			—			3,428			—			3,428
	Issuances of common stock		76,479			724			—			—			—			724
	Beneficial conversion feature		—			—			(23,651	)		—			—			(23,651	)
	Issuance of warrants		—			56,306			—			—			—			56,306
	Convertible redeemable preferred stock dividend		—			—			(2,568	)		—			—			(2,568	)
	Receipt of common stock for sale of discontinued operations		(750,000	)		(10,080	)		—			—			—			(10,080	)
	Repurchases of common stock		(7,663,600	)		(111,820	)		—			—			—			(111,820	)

Balance — December 31, 2000			29,577,428			122,139			2,553			(3,176	)		(4,410	)		117,106
	Net loss		—			—			(10,518	)		—			—			(10,518	)
	Currency translation adjustment (loss)		—			—			—			—			(2,139	)		(2,139	)
	Stock options exercised		28,878			159			—			—			—			159
	Repayment of stock subscriptions receivable		—			—			—			814			—			814
	Issuances of common stock and other		131,244			1,118			—			—			—			1,118
	Convertible redeemable preferred stock dividend		—			—			(4,265	)		—			—			(4,265	)
	Repurchases of common stock		(1,482,700	)		(14,470	)		—			—			—			(14,470	)

Balance — December 31, 2001			28,254,850			108,946			(12,230	)		(2,362	)		(6,549	)		87,805
	Net income		—			—			3,885			—			—			3,885
	Currency translation adjustment														460			460
	Unrealized gains on short term investments		—			—			—			—			191			191
	Stock options exercised		2,518			40			—			(13	)		—			27
	Repayment of stock subscriptions receivable		—			—			—			157			—			157
	Issuances of common stock and other		88,057			526			—			—			—			526
	Convertible redeemable preferred stock dividend		—			(4,298	)		—			—			—			(4,298	)
	Repurchases of common stock		(1,124,376	)		(6,583	)		—			—			—			(6,583	)

Balance — December 31, 2002			27,221,049		$	98,631		$	(8,345	)	$	(2,218	)	$	(5,898	)	$	82,170



		Year Ended
		December 31,

		2000			2001			2002

Net income (loss)		$	(31,937	)	$	(10,518	)	$	3,885
Currency translation adjustment			(2,901	)		(2,139	)		460
Unrealized gains on short term investments			—			—			191

	Total comprehensive income (loss)	$	(34,838	)	$	(12,657	)	$	4,536


	•	HIPAA Compliance Programs


	•	FloodConnect

	•	AdvantAgent


	•	Intelligent Network Applications


	ARTHUR ANDERSEN LLP


Accounts receivable, net	$	3,816
Prepaids and other current assets		281
Property and equipment, net		956
Computer software		5,694
Other assets		35
Goodwill		6,362
Accounts payable		223
Accrued payroll and other		1,007



	December 31,						Estimated
							Useful
	2001			2002			Lives

Equipment and purchased software	$	51,610		$	68,299			3-5 years
Internally developed computer software and related costs		8,639			9,706			9 years
Furniture and fixtures		6,914			8,559			5-7 years
Leasehold improvements		6,285			7,362			5-7 years
Automobiles		1,197			1,457			5 years
Buildings		981			981			31 years

		75,626			96,364
Accumulated depreciation		(43,066	)		(59,942	)

Property and equipment, net	$	32,560		$	36,422


2003	$	8,643
2004		7,181
2005		6,311
2006		4,831
2007		3,470
Thereafter		5,843

	$	36,279



	Options Outstanding
								Weighted Average
				Weighted Average		Options		Fair Value of
	Shares			Exercise Price		Exercisable		Options Granted

Balance, December 31, 1999		4,651		$	16.37		975

Options granted		4,382			22.02			$	11.97

Options exercised		(349	)		9.14
Options cancelled and forfeited		(1,521	)		18.27

Balance, December 31, 2000		7,163		$	18.33		1,608

Options granted		1,152			10.95			$	9.26

Options exercised		(29	)		4.03
Options cancelled and forfeited		(1,518	)		16.78

Balance, December 31, 2001		6,768		$	19.01		2,552

Options granted		833			14.45			$	4.37

Options exercised		(3	)		3.81
Options cancelled and forfeited		(4,595	)		20.67

Balance, December 31, 2002		3,003		$	15.22		1,621



	Options Outstanding						Options Exercisable

			Weighted
	Number		Average		Weighted		Number		Weighted
	Outstanding at		Remaining		Average		Exercisable at		Average
	December 31,		Contractual		Exercise		December 31,		Exercise
Range of	2002		Life		Price		2002		Price
Exercise Price
$ 0.01 - 6.00		207		7.03	$	3.37		86	$	4.33
$ 6.01 - 14.99		1,449		7.49		11.42		765		12.71
$15.00 - 19.34		224		5.98		17.26		178		17.30
$19.35 - 22.75		1,034		7.41		21.15		503		21.56
$22.76 - 34.58		89		5.19		30.55		89		30.55

		3,003						1,621


	Nine Months
	Ended
	September 30,
	2000

Revenues	$	39,204
Loss from operations		(2,685	)


Severance costs	$	8,800
Termination of lease obligations associated with consolidation of facilities		5,800
Write-off of assets due to change in strategic direction		2,900
Other		4,007


Write-down resulting from the disposal of an equity investment and related note receivable, plus transaction costs	$	14,700
Severance costs		5,300
Termination of lease obligations associated with consolidation of facilities		900
Discontinued acquisition discussions		1,700
Other		1,055



2001	Quarter Ended

	March 31			June 30			September 30			December 31

Revenues	$	104,671		$	104,412		$	100,136		$	95,515
Gross profit		27,526			29,617			28,683			28,257
Loss from continuing operations		(4,758	)		(15,838	)		(204	)		(3,793	)
Net income (loss)		(1,950	)		(11,269	)		1,024			1,677
Net income (loss) available for common shareholders	$	(3,003	)	$	(12,330	)	$	(46	)	$	599
Basic net income (loss) per share	$	(0.11	)	$	(0.43	)	$	—		$	0.02
Diluted net income (loss) per share	$	(0.11	)	$	(0.43	)	$	—		$	0.02


	Page

Report of Independent Public Accountants		20
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2001 and 2002		22
Consolidated Statements of Operations for each of the years ended December 31, 2000, 2001 and 2002		23
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for each of the years ended December 31, 2000, 2001 and 2002		24
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for each of the years ended December 31, 2000, 2001 and 2002		25
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements		26


Exhibit
Number		Description
	3.1*	Restated Articles of Incorporation of the Company, as amended.
	3.2*	Bylaws of the Company.
	4.1*	See Exhibits 3.1 and 3.2 for provisions of the Restated Articles of Incorporation and Restated Bylaws of the Company defining rights of the holders of Common Stock of the Company.
	4.2*	Specimen Stock Certificate.
	16.1	Letter re. Change in Certifying Accountant**.
	21.1	Subsidiaries of Registrant. (Filed Herein)
	23.1	Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (Filed Herein)
	99.1	Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
	99.2	Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
	(b)	Reports on Form 8-K.
		Per report on Form 8-K filed November 6, 2002.
		Per report on Form 8-K filed October 15, 2002.


*	Incorporated herein by reference to exhibit of the same number in the Form S-1 Registration Statement of the Registrant (Registration No. 333-18413) dated as of December 20, 1996, as amended.

**	Incorporated herein by reference to Form 8-K dated May 3, 2002.


/s/ NED C. LAUTENBACH Ned C. Lautenbach	Co-Chairman and Director	March 12, 2003
/s/ RAJENDRA B. VATTIKUTI Rajendra B. Vattikuti	Co-Chairman, Director	March 12, 2003
/s/ MARTIN C. CLAGUE Martin C. Clague	Chief Executive Officer, President and Director	March 12, 2003
/s/ MICHAEL S. DUFFEY Michael S. Duffey	Executive Vice President of Finance and Administration and Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)	March 12, 2003
/s/ WILLIAM BROOKS William Brooks	Director	March 12, 2003
/s/ KEVIN CONWAY Kevin Conway	Director	March 12, 2003
/s/ DOUGLAS S. LAND Douglas S. Land	Director	March 12, 2003
/s/ RONALD K. MACHTLEY Ronald K. Machtley	Director	March 12, 2003
/s/ JOHN A. STANLEY John A. Stanley	Director	March 12, 2003
/s/ FRANK D. STELLA Frank D. Stella	Director	March 12, 2003
/s/ DAVID WASSERMAN David Wasserman	Director	March 12, 2003


Exhibit
No.			Description

	3.1	*	Restated Articles of Incorporation of the Company, as amended.
	3.2	*	Bylaws of the Company.
	4.1	*	See Exhibits 3.1 and 3.2 for provisions of the Restated Articles of Incorporation and Restated Bylaws of the Company defining rights of the holders of Common Stock of the Company.
	4.2	*	Specimen Stock Certificate.
	16.1		Letter re. Change in Certifying Accountant.**
	21.1		Subsidiaries of Registrant. (Filed Herein)
	23.1		Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP. (Filed Herein)
	99.1		Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
	99.2		Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.