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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, 20549
FORM 10-K
[X] Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934
For the Fiscal year ended December 31, 1997
[ ] Transition Report to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934
For the transition period from to .
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Commission File Number 1-11415
AMERICAN STANDARD COMPANIES INC.
--------------------------------
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
DELAWARE 13-3465896
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(State or other jurisdiction of (I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization) Identification No.)
One Centennial Avenue, P.O. Box 6820, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855-6820
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(Address of principal executive office) (Zip Code)
Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (732) 980-6000
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class Name of each exchange on which registered
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Common Stock, $.01 par value New York Stock Exchange, Inc.
(and associated Common Stock Rights)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12 (g) of the Act: None.
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required
to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during
the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was
required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing
requirements for the past 90 days. Yes X No
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Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405
of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the
best of Registrant's knowledge in definitive proxy or information statements
incorporated by reference in part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this
Form 10-K. [ ]
The aggregate market value of the voting stock (Common Stock) held by
non-affiliates of the Registrant as of the close of business on March 12, 1998
was approximately $3.2 billion based on the closing sale price of the common
stock on the New York Stock Exchange consolidated tape on that date.
Number of shares outstanding of each of the Registrant's classes of Common
Stock, as of the close of business on March 12, 1998:
Common Stock, $.01 par value 72,663,383 Shares
Documents incorporated by reference:
Part of the Form 10-K into
Document (Portions only) which document is incorporated.
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Annual Report to Stockholders for the year Parts I, II and IV
ended December 31, 1997
Definitive Proxy Statement dated March 26, 1998
for use in connection with the Annual Meeting
of Stockholders to be held on May 7, 1998 Part III
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
PART I
Item 1. Business. 3
Item 2. Properties. 18
Item 3. Legal Proceedings. 19
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders. 19
Executive Officers of the Registrant. 20
PART II
Item 5. Market for the Registrant's Common Equity and Related
Stockholder Matters. 24
Item 6. Selected Financial Data. 25
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition
and Results of Operations. 26
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data. 26
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on
Accounting and Financial Disclosure. 26
PART III
Item 10. Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant. 27
Item 11. Executive Compensation. 27
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management. 27
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions. 27
PART IV
Item 14. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules and Reports on Form 8-K. 28
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PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
American Standard Companies Inc. (the "Company") is a Delaware corporation
that has as its only significant asset all the outstanding common stock of
American Standard Inc., a Delaware corporation ("American Standard Inc.").
Hereinafter, "American Standard" or "the Company" will refer to the Company, or
to the Company and American Standard Inc., including its subsidiaries, as the
context requires.
American Standard is a globally-oriented manufacturer of high quality,
brand-name products in three major product groups: air conditioning systems (60%
of 1997 sales); bathroom and kitchen fixtures and fittings (24% of 1997 sales);
and braking and control systems for medium-sized and heavy trucks, buses,
trailers and utility vehicles (16% of 1997 sales). These percentages exclude the
new Medical Systems segment which had sales of $50 million in the last six
months of 1997, after the acquisition of Sorin and INCSTAR (see below). American
Standard is a market leader in each of its three major business segments in the
principal geographic areas in which it competes. The Company's brand names
include TRANE(R) and AMERICAN STANDARD(R) for air conditioning systems, AMERICAN
STANDARD(R), IDEAL STANDARD(R), STANDARD(R) and PORCHER(R) for plumbing
products, WABCO(R) for braking and related systems and LARA(R), Copalis(R) and
DiaSorin(TM) for Medical diagnostic systems. The Company emphasizes
technologically advanced products such as air conditioning systems that utilize
energy-efficient compressors and environmentally-preferred refrigerants,
water-saving plumbing products and commercial vehicle braking and related
systems (including antilock braking systems, "ABS") utilizing electronic
controls. At December 31, 1997, American Standard had 108 manufacturing
facilities in 35 countries.
OVERVIEW OF BUSINESS SEGMENTS
Through 1996 American Standard operated three business segments: Air
Conditioning Products, Plumbing Products and Automotive Products. In January
1997 the Company announced formation of its Medical Systems segment.
Air Conditioning Products. American Standard is a leading U.S.
manufacturer of air conditioning systems for both domestic and export sales, and
also manufactures air conditioning systems outside the United States. Air
conditioning products are sold by the Trane Company ("Trane") primarily under
the TRANE(R) and AMERICAN STANDARD(R) names. Sales to the commercial and
residential markets accounted for approximately 75% and 25%, respectively, of
Trane's total sales in 1997. Approximately 65% of Trane's sales in 1997 were in
the replacement, renovation and repair markets, which have been less cyclical
than the new residential and commercial construction markets. Management
believes that Trane is well positioned for growth because of its high quality,
brand-name products; significant existing market shares; the introduction of new
product features such as electronic controls; the expansion of its broad
distribution network; conversion to products utilizing
environmentally-preferable refrigerants; and expansion of operations in
developing market areas throughout the world, principally the Asia-Pacific area
(although expansion in the Asia-Pacific region outside China is expected to slow
due to the unfavorable economic conditions existing in the region at the
beginning of 1998) and Latin America.
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Plumbing Products. American Standard is a leading manufacturer in Europe,
the U.S. and a number of other countries of bathroom and kitchen fixtures and
fittings for the residential and commercial construction markets and retail
sales channels. Plumbing Products manufactures and distributes its products
under the AMERICAN STANDARD(R), IDEAL STANDARD(R), STANDARD(R) and PORCHER(R)
names. Of Plumbing Products' 1997 sales, 72% was derived from operations outside
the United States and 28% from within. Management believes that Plumbing
Products is well positioned for growth due to the high quality associated with
its brand-name products, significant existing market shares in a number of
countries, lower-cost product sourcing from Mexico and Eastern Europe and the
expansion of existing operations in developing market areas throughout the
world, principally the Far East, Latin America and Eastern Europe.
Automotive Products. Automotive Products ("WABCO") is a leading
manufacturer, primarily in Europe and Brazil, of braking and related systems for
the commercial and utility vehicle industry. Its most important products are
pneumatic braking systems and related electronic and other control systems,
including antilock braking systems ("ABS"), marketed under the WABCO(R) name for
medium-size and heavy trucks, tractors, buses, trailers and utility vehicles.
WABCO supplies vehicle manufacturers such as Mercedes-Benz, Volvo, Iveco (Fiat),
RVI (Renault) and Rover. Management believes that WABCO is well positioned to
benefit from its strong market positions in Europe and Brazil and from
increasing demand for ABS and other sophisticated electronic control systems in
a number of markets (including the commercial vehicle market in the United
States, where the mandated phase-in of ABS began in 1997), as well as from the
technological advances embodied in the Company's products and its close
relationships with a number of vehicle manufacturers.
Medical Systems. In January 1997, the Company announced formation of its
Medical Systems segment to pursue initiatives in the medical diagnostics field.
For several years prior thereto, the Company had supported the development of
two small medical diagnostic product groups focusing on test instruments using
laser technology and reagents. The Company had invested approximately $40
million in these businesses through December 31, 1996. To accelerate the
commercialization of its technology and expand the number of diagnostic tests
covered by its products, on June 30, 1997, the Company acquired the European
medical diagnostic business of Sorin Biomedica S.p.A. ("Sorin"), an affiliate of
the Fiat Group, and all the outstanding shares of INCSTAR Corporation
("INCSTAR"), a company based in Stillwater, Minnesota, in which Sorin Biomedica
S.p.A. indirectly owned a 52% interest. The aggregate cost of the acquisitions
of Sorin and INCSTAR was $212 million, including fees and expenses.
Strategy
Globalization
American Standard has historically had a significant global presence. One
of its major strategic objectives is to continue to expand that presence through
the growth of existing operations and the establishment of new operations in
developing market areas in the Far East, Latin America, and Eastern Europe. The
Company has frequently structured joint ventures with local manufacturing and
distribution partners to facilitate risk sharing and to allow the Company to
benefit from the additional expertise of local market participants.
Air Conditioning Products plans to continue to expand its operations in
the Far East, the Middle East, Latin America, Brazil and Europe. It also
continues to expand its sales forces in these regions as well as in India. Since
the end of 1995 the Company has been developing
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and expanding its air conditioning business in the People's Republic of China
("China"), to become an integrated manufacturer, marketer and distributor of a
broad range of air conditioning systems and related products for residential and
commercial applications. The Company and a minority investor established ASI
China Holdings Limited ("ASI China"), in which the company has an ownership
interest of 64.4%, and formed A-S Air Conditioning Products Limited ("ASAP"),
owned 50.4% by ASI China, to establish or acquire majority ownership in up to
five manufacturing joint ventures as well as sales and service businesses in
China. As of December 31, 1997, ASAP had acquired majority ownership in three
manufacturing joint ventures.
Plumbing Products has entered new markets through joint ventures in
Eastern Europe, Spain, Portugal and Vietnam and is continuing to expand using
this approach. In 1997 the Company expanded its production capacity in Bulgaria
and in 1995 operations were expanded in France through the acquisition of
Porcher (see "Plumbing Products Segment"). Plumbing Products continues to expand
its operations in China through its affiliate, A-S China Plumbing Products
Limited ("ASPPL"), in which American Standard increased its ownership position
to approximately 55% through the purchase of additional shares from other
investors for $48 million in the fourth quarter of 1997. ASPPL, which had total
assets of approximately $135 million at December 31, 1997, has entered into six
joint ventures with local business concerns which, together with one
wholly-owned operation, have received business licenses from Chinese government
authorities. These include two recently constructed chinaware manufacturing
facilities, an existing chinaware manufacturing facility being expanded, two
operating fittings plants and two operating steel tub factories. The Company's
ownership interest in ASPPL is expected to increase further over time through
reinvestment of royalties and management fees and through additional stock
purchases.
Automotive Products, headquartered in Europe, since 1993 has established a
joint venture in China and is in the process of establishing joint ventures in
Eastern Europe. In the United States the joint venture with Meritor Automotive,
Inc. (Meritor WABCO, formerly Rockwell WABCO) is growing rapidly as federal
regulations mandating ABS phase in over a two-year period which began in March
1997. The Company is also expanding the volume of business done through its
other existing joint venture in the United States with Cummins Engine Co. (WABCO
Compressor Manufacturing Co., a manufacturing joint venture formed in 1997 to
produce air compressors designed by WABCO), and through another joint venture in
Japan.
Demand Flow(R) Technology*
To build on its position as a leader in each of its industries and to
increase sales and operating income, American Standard began in 1990 to apply
Demand Flow to all its businesses. Applying Demand Flow principles, products are
produced as and when required by customers, the production process is
streamlined and quality control is integrated into each step of the
manufacturing process. The benefits of Demand Flow include better customer
service, quicker response to changing market needs, improved quality control,
higher productivity, increased inventory turnover rates and reduced requirements
for working capital and manufacturing and warehouse space.
As part of American Standard's strategy to integrate Demand Flow into all
of its operations American Standard has trained most of its approximately 51,000
employees worldwide in Demand Flow, and has implemented Demand Flow in
substantially all of its
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* Demand Flow is a registered trademark of J-I-T Institute of Technology, Inc.
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production facilities. American Standard is also applying Demand Flow to
administrative functions and is re-engineering its organizational structure to
manage its businesses based on processes instead of functions.
American Standard believes that its implementation of Demand Flow methods
has achieved significant benefits. Product cycle time (the time from the
beginning of the manufacturing of a product to its completion) has been reduced
and, on average, inventory turnover rates have tripled since 1990. Principally
as a result of the implementation of Demand Flow, American Standard has reduced
inventories by approximately 40% from December 31, 1989 through December 31,
1997, while related sales have grown approximately 70% for the same period.
American Standard further believes that as a result of the introduction of
Demand Flow employee productivity has risen significantly, customer service has
improved and, without reducing production capacity, the Company has been able to
free more than three million square feet of manufacturing and warehouse space,
allowing for expansion, plant consolidation or other uses.
AIR CONDITIONING PRODUCTS SEGMENT
Air Conditioning Products began with the 1984 acquisition by the Company
of the Trane Company, a manufacturer and distributor of air conditioning
products since 1913. Air conditioning products are sold primarily under the
TRANE(R) and AMERICAN STANDARD(R) names. In 1997 Trane, with revenues of $3,567
million, accounted for approximately 60% of the Company's sales and 60% of its
operating income (excluding Medical Systems). Trane derived 28% of its 1997
sales from outside the United States. Approximately 65% of Trane's sales in 1997
were in the replacement, renovation and repair markets, which in general are
less cyclical than the new residential and commercial construction markets.
Trane manufactures three general types of air conditioning systems. The
first, called "unitary," is sold for residential and commercial applications,
and is a factory-assembled central air conditioning system which generally
encloses in one or two units all the components to cool or heat, clean, humidify
or dehumidify, and move air. The second, called "applied," is typically
custom-engineered for commercial use and involves on-site installation of
several different components of the air conditioning system. Trane is a world
leader in both unitary and applied air conditioning products. The third type,
called "mini-split," is a small unitary air conditioning system, generally for
residential use, which operates without air ducts. Trane manufactures and
distributes mini-split units in the Far East, Europe, the Middle East and Latin
America.
Trane competes in all of its markets on the basis of service to customers,
product quality and reliability, technological leadership and price.
Product and marketing programs have been, and are being, developed to
increase penetration in the growing replacement, repair, and servicing
businesses, in which margins are generally higher than for sales of original
equipment. Much of the equipment sold in the fast-growing air conditioning
markets of the 1960's and 1970's is reaching the end of its useful life. Also,
equipment sold in the 1980's is likely to be replaced earlier than originally
expected with higher-efficiency products recently developed to meet required
efficiency standards and to capitalize on the availability of
environmentally-preferable refrigerants.
In December 1993 the Company formed a partnership, Alliance Compressors,
with Heatcraft Technologies Inc., a subsidiary of Lennox International Inc., for
the manufacture of compressors for use in air conditioning and refrigeration
equipment. On December 31, 1996, the partnership was restructured to admit a new
partner, Copesub, Inc., a subsidiary of
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Emerson Electric Co. Following the restructuring, the Company and Heatcraft
Technologies Inc. each own a 24.5% partnership interest and Copesub, Inc. owns
the balance. Alliance plans to develop, manufacture, market and sell, primarily
to companies related to Standard Compressors Inc. and Heatcraft Technologies
Inc., scroll compressors utilized mainly in residential central air conditioning
applications. Alliance will operate principally from a newly constructed
facility in Natchitoches, Louisiana.
Many of the air conditioning products manufactured by Trane utilize HCFCs
and in the past utilized CFCs as refrigerants. Various federal and state laws
and regulations, principally the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments, require the
eventual phase-out of the production and use of these chemicals because of their
possible deleterious effect on the earth's ozone layer if released into the
atmosphere. Phase-in of substitute refrigerants will require replacement or
modification of much of the air conditioning equipment already installed, which
management believes has created a new market opportunity. In order to ensure
that Company products will be compatible with the substitute refrigerants, Trane
has been working closely with the manufacturers that are developing substitute
refrigerants. See "General --Regulations and Environmental Matters."
Various federal and state statutes, including the National Appliance
Energy Conservation Act of 1987, as amended, impose energy efficiency standards
for certain of the Company's unitary air conditioning products. Although the
Company has been able to meet or exceed such standards to date, stricter
standards in the future could require additional research and development
expense and capital expenditures to maintain compliance.
At December 31, 1997 Air Conditioning Products had 33 manufacturing plants
in 10 countries, employing approximately 22,600 people.
Through 1997 Air Conditioning Products was composed of three operating
groups: Unitary Products, North American Commercial, and International.
Effective January 1, 1998, the Company announced a reorganization of Air
Conditioning Products into the following groups: North American Unitary
Products, Worldwide Applied Systems (including the international applied
business) and International Unitary Products. This reorganization is intended to
leverage the strength of the applied business worldwide and to concentrate
efforts on the growing international unitary market opportunity. The following
section describes Air Conditioning Products as it was organized during 1997.
Unitary Products Group
Unitary Products, which accounted for 35% of Air Conditioning Products'
1997 sales, manufactures and distributes products for commercial and residential
unitary applications in the United States and Canada. This group benefits the
most from the growth of the replacement market for residential and commercial
unitary air conditioning systems. Other major suppliers in the unitary market
are Carrier, York, Rheem, Lennox and Goodman Industries.
Commercial unitary products range from 2 to 120 tons and include
combinations of air conditioners, heat pumps, and gas furnaces, along with
variable-air-volume equipment and integrated control systems. Typical
applications are in retail stores, small-to-medium-size office buildings,
manufacturing plants, restaurants, and commercial buildings located in office
parks and strip malls. These products are sold through commercial sales offices,
independent wholesale distributors and company-owned dealer sales offices in
over 375 locations.
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Residential central air conditioning products range from 1 to 5 tons and include
air conditioners, heat pumps, air handlers, furnaces, and coils. These products
are sold through independent wholesale distributors and Company-owned sales
offices in over 250 locations to dealers and contractors who sell and install
the equipment.
During 1995, 1996 and 1997 the Unitary Products Group successfully
introduced several new products including: a line of multi-stage cooling and
heat pump units offering the industry's highest efficiencies; a line of outdoor
condensing units for the AMERICAN STANDARD(R) brand; a very high efficiency
residential air conditioner; an ultra-high efficiency packaged air conditioner;
modulating gas and variable frequency drive large rooftop units; rooftop units
with special features that appeal to national accounts; and a large rooftop line
(27.5 tons to 50 tons). The commercial unitary business also concentrated on
indoor air quality enhancements and new capabilities for existing products.
The Company also markets light commercial and residential products under
an AMERICAN STANDARD(R) brand name to serve distributors who typically carry
other products in addition to air conditioning products.
North American Commercial Group
The North American Commercial Group, which accounted for 37% of Air
Conditioning Products' 1997 sales, manufactures and distributes products in the
United States for sale in the U.S. and Canada for air conditioning applications
in larger commercial, industrial, and institutional buildings. Other major
suppliers of commercial systems are Carrier, York and McQuay.
North American Commercial Group distributes its products through 95 sales
offices, forty of which are Company-owned and 55 of which are franchised. The
Company is in the process of acquiring certain commercial sales offices and
acquired two offices in 1995, three in 1996 and seven in 1997.
Over the last few years the North American Commercial Group has expanded
its aftermarket business activities to include services such as emergency
rentals of air conditioning equipment. The group has also expanded its line to
include components to convert installed centrifugal chiller products to use
environmentally-preferable refrigerants.
During 1995, 1996 and 1997 the North American Commercial Group continued
its introduction of a number of new products broadening its line of
high-efficiency centrifugal chillers, expanding the air cooled series R chiller
line, and introducing a new absorption line. Building automation systems
continue to grow as a percentage of total sales with new product introductions
such as Tracer Summit and wireless thermostats. Indoor air quality is emerging
as a significant new application to be served by the Company's products and
services.
International Group
The International Group, which accounted for approximately 28% of Trane's
1997 sales manufactures applied and unitary products, including mini-splits, in
foreign facilities operated by subsidiaries and joint ventures, and exports many
products manufactured in the United States by the Unitary Products and North
American Commercial Groups. Like the North American Commercial Group, the
International Group has an extensive network of sales and service agencies, both
Company-owned and franchised, to provide maintenance and warranty service for
its equipment installed around the world.
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Trane expects to continue the expansion of its presence outside the U.S.
In the Asia-Pacific region Trane established operations in Australia in 1994,
three manufacturing joint ventures in China in 1995 (see "Globalization") and
has had operations in Malaysia since the mid-1980's. Since the early 1990's it
has operated an air conditioning manufacturing and distribution firm in Taiwan,
and a sales and manufacturing joint venture in Thailand. A Brazilian
manufacturing plant and distribution operations were acquired in 1994. In
Europe, the group operates plants in Epinal, Mirecourt and Charmes, France, and
in Colchester, U.K. A joint venture in Egypt commenced operations in 1992 to
serve markets in the Middle East.
Plumbing Products Segment
Plumbing Products manufactures and distributes bathroom and kitchen
fixtures and fittings primarily under the IDEAL STANDARD(R), AMERICAN
STANDARD(R), STANDARD(R) and PORCHER(R), names. In 1997 Plumbing Products, with
revenues of $1,439 million, accounted for 24% of the Company's sales and 19%
of its operating income (excluding Medical Systems). Plumbing Products derived
approximately 72% of its total 1997 sales from operations outside the United
States.
Plumbing Products' sales consist 53% of chinaware fixtures, 23% of
fittings (typically brass) and 9% of bathtubs, with the remainder consisting of
related plumbing products. Throughout the world these products are generally
sold through wholesalers and distributors and installed by plumbers and
contractors. In total the residential market accounts for approximately 75% of
Plumbing Products' sales, with the commercial and industrial markets providing
the remainder.
Plumbing Products operates through four primary geographic groups:
European Plumbing Products, U.S. Plumbing Products, Americas International and
the Asia-Pacific Group. Plumbing Products' fittings operations are organized as
the Worldwide Fittings Group, which has primary responsibility for faucet
technology, product development and manufacturing, with manufacturing facilities
in Germany, Bulgaria, the U.S., and Mexico. Worldwide Fittings' sales and
operating results are reported in the four primary geographic groups within
which it operates.
European Plumbing Products, which sells products primarily under the brand
names IDEAL STANDARD(R) and PORCHER(R), manufactures and distributes bathroom
and kitchen fixtures and fittings through subsidiaries or joint ventures in
Germany, Italy, France, England, Greece, the Czech Republic, Bulgaria, Egypt and
Turkey and distributes products in Spain and Portugal. In November 1995 the
Company acquired Porcher S.A. ("Porcher"), a French manufacturer and distributor
of plumbing products in which the Company previously had a minority ownership
interest.
U.S. Plumbing Products manufactures bathroom and kitchen fixtures and
fittings, selling under the brand names AMERICAN STANDARD(R) and STANDARD(R) in
the United States. Americas International manufactures bathroom and kitchen
fixtures and fittings, selling under the names AMERICAN STANDARD(R), IDEAL
STANDARD(R), and STANDARD(R) through its wholly owned operations in Mexico,
Canada, and Brazil and its joint ventures in Central America and the Dominican
Republic.
The Asia-Pacific Group manufactures bathroom and kitchen fixtures and
fittings, selling under the names AMERICAN STANDARD(R), IDEAL STANDARD(R), and
STANDARD(R) through its wholly owned operations in South Korea, its
majority-owned operations in Thailand, the Philippines and Vietnam, and its
manufacturing joint venture in Indonesia. This group is also
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developing a wholly-owned marketing operation in Japan. The Asia-Pacific Group
also has operations in China, in which American Standard increased its ownership
position to approximately 55% through the purchase of additional shares from
other investors for $48 million in the fourth quarter of 1997. See -
"Globalization".
The market for the Company's plumbing products is divided into the
replacement and remodeling market and the new construction market. The
replacement and remodeling market accounts for about 60% of the European and
U.S. groups' sales but only about 40% of the sales of the Far East group, for
which new construction is more important. In the United States and Europe the
replacement and remodeling market has historically been more stable than the new
construction market and has shown moderate growth over the past several years.
With the exception of the U.K., the new construction market in Europe has been
weak since 1994. In the U.S. the new construction market hit its recent low in
1992 but has evidenced some recovery through 1997. The new construction market,
in which product selection is made by builders or contractors, is more
price-competitive and volume-oriented than the replacement and remodeling
market. In the replacement and remodeling market, consumers make model
selections and, therefore, this market is more responsive to quality and design
than price, making it the principal market for higher-margin luxury products.
Although management believes it must continue to offer a full line of fixtures
and fittings in order to support its distribution system, Plumbing Products'
current strategy is to focus on increasing its sales of products in the lower
and middle segments of both the remodeling and new construction markets through
expansion of low-cost product sourcing.
Plumbing Products also has continued its programs to expand its presence
in high-quality showrooms and showplaces featuring its higher-end products in
certain major countries. These programs, along with expanded sales training
activities, have enhanced the image of the Company's products with interior
designers, decorators, consumers and plumbers.
U.S. Plumbing Products is focusing on the unique needs of the growing mass
retail home center industry, using products sourced from several of the
Company's manufacturing locations throughout the Americas. This market channel
has become a significant part of U.S. Plumbing Products' sales and is expected
to continue to grow.
In an effort to capture a larger share of the replacement and remodeling
market, Plumbing Products has introduced a variety of new products designed to
suit customer tastes in particular countries. New offerings include additional
colors and ensembles, bathroom suites from internationally known designers, and
electronically controlled products. Faucet technology is centered on anti-leak,
anti-scald and other features to meet emerging consumer and legislative
requirements.
Water-saving fixtures and fittings have been a major focus of Plumbing
Products for the past several years, particularly in light of water shortages
experienced in a number of areas of the U.S. The Company produces one of the
most extensive lines of water-saving fixtures available in the United States.
Manufacture of water-saving toilets was mandated for residential use by federal
law commencing in January 1994 and for commercial use in January 1996.
Many of the Company's bathtubs are made from a proprietary porcelain on
metal composite, AMERICAST(R), which has gained an increasing share of the
worldwide market. Products made from the composite AMERICAST(R) have the
durability of cast iron with only one-half the weight and are characterized by
improved resistance to breaking and chipping.
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AMERICAST(R) products are easier to ship, handle and install and are less
expensive to produce than cast iron products. Use of this advanced composite was
extended to kitchen sinks, bathroom lavatories and acrylic surfaced products
during the early 1990's.
At December 31, 1997, Plumbing Products employed approximately 21,500
people and, including affiliated companies, had 57 manufacturing plants in 25
countries, including its Chinese businesses which were consolidated in October
1997.
In the U.S. Plumbing Products has several important competitors, including
Kohler Company and, in selected product lines, Masco Corporation. There are also
important competitors in foreign markets, for the most part operating
nationally. Friederich Grohe GmbH, the major manufacturer of fittings in Europe,
is a pan-European competitor. In Europe Villeroy Boch and Sanitec are the major
fixtures competitors and, in the Far East, Toto is the major competitor.
Plumbing Products competes in most of its markets on the basis of service to
customers, product quality and design, reliability and price.
Automotive Products Segment
Operating under the WABCO(R) name, Automotive Products manufactures air
brake and related systems for the commercial vehicle industry in Europe and
Brazil. WABCO's most important products are pneumatic braking systems and
related electronic control and other systems and components (including ABS) for
medium-size and heavy trucks, tractors, buses, trailers and utility vehicles. In
1997 WABCO, with sales of $952 million, accounted for 16% of the Company's
sales and 21% of its total operating income (excluding Medical Systems). The
Company believes that WABCO is a worldwide technological leader in the heavy
truck and bus braking industry. Electronic controls, first introduced in ABS in
the early 1980's, are increasingly applied in other systems sold to the
commercial vehicle industry.
WABCO's products are sold directly to vehicle and component manufacturers.
Spare parts are sold through both original equipment manufacturers and an
independent distribution network. Although the business is not dependent on a
single or related group of customers, sales of truck braking systems are
dependent on the demand for heavy trucks. Some of the Company's important
customers are Mercedes-Benz, Volvo, Iveco (Fiat), RVI (Renault) and Rover.
Principal competitors are Knorr, Robert Bosch, and Allied Signal. WABCO competes
primarily on the basis of customer service, quality and reliability of products,
technological leadership and price.
The European market for new trucks, buses, trailers, and replacement parts
recovered in 1997 after a decline in 1996 from a somewhat higher level in 1995.
The Brazilian market recovered strongly from a significant decline in 1996 after
three years of continued growth.
Through 1997 the WABCO(R) ABS system, which the Company believes leads the
market, has been installed in approximately 1.6 million heavy trucks, buses, and
trailers worldwide since 1981. Annual sales volume in Europe was approximately
168,000 units in 1997 (up from 146,000 units in 1996) and 195,000 units (67,000
units in 1996) in other markets, primarily the United States and Japan. The
large increase in other markets was primarily in the United States, where the
mandated phase-in of ABS began in March 1997. In addition, WABCO has developed
an advanced electronic braking system, electronically controlled pneumatic gear
shifting systems, electronically controlled air suspension systems, and
automatic climate-control and door-control systems for the commercial vehicle
industry. These systems have resulted in greater sales per vehicle for WABCO.
During 1997 a major European truck manufacturer introduced its new heavy-duty
truck line which incorporated a
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significant number of WABCO products, including the electronic braking system
("EBS"). In recent years market acceptance of electronically controlled systems
has been significant. New products under development include additional
electronic driveline control systems. In addition, WABCO has developed and
implemented an electronic data interchange system, which links certain customers
directly to WABCO's information systems, providing timely, accurate information
and just-in-time delivery to the customer.
At December 31, 1997, WABCO and affiliated companies employed
approximately 6,100 people and had 13 manufacturing facilities and 8 sales
organizations operating in 17 countries. Principal manufacturing operations are
in Germany, France, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and Brazil. WABCO has
joint ventures in the United States (Meritor WABCO and WABCO Compressor
Manufacturing Co.), in Japan with Sanwa Seiki (SANWAB), in India with TVS Group
(Sundaram Clayton Ltd.) and in China.
In January 1994 the Company acquired Perrot, a German brake manufacturer.
Through this acquisition the Company is able to offer complete brake systems for
trucks, buses and trailers, especially in the important and growing air-disc
brake business.
Since 1991 ABS for commercial vehicles has been gaining acceptance in the
United States and Japan, where WABCO participates through its joint venture
operations. Meritor WABCO is now a supplier of WABCO systems to Freightliner,
Mack, Volvo-GM, Kenworth, Peterbilt and other vehicle manufacturers in North
America. SANWAB supplies Hino, Nissan and trailer manufacturers in Japan. In
most European countries, ABS has become mandatory for commercial vehicles. In
March 1995, the U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic
Safety Administration, adopted amended federal regulations which require that
new medium and heavy vehicles be equipped with ABS. These amended regulations
are being phased in over a two-year period that began in March 1997. WABCO
believes that the new regulations create an important market opportunity for its
products and that it is well positioned to benefit as a result of those
regulations.
MEDICAL SYSTEMS SEGMENT
In anticipation of the acquisition of Sorin and INCSTAR described below,
the Company announced in January 1997, the formation of its Medical Systems
segment to pursue initiatives in the medical diagnostics field. For several
years prior thereto, the Company had been supporting the development of two
small medical diagnostic product companies, Sienna Biotech, Inc. (Sienna") and
Alimenterics, Inc. ("Alimenterics"). Sienna and Alimenterics have developed
medical diagnostic technologies that use lasers for sample analysis. The Company
had invested approximately $40 million in these businesses through December 31,
1996.
Based upon the progress and prospects of Sienna and Alimenterics, the
Company decided to explore acquisition opportunities to accelerate the
commercialization of its technology and expand the number of diagnostic tests
covered by its products. On June 30, 1997, the Company acquired the European
medical diagnostic business of Sorin Biomedica S.p.A., an affiliate of the Fiat
Group, and INCSTAR Corporation, a U.S. company, for $212 million, including fees
and expenses.
Sorin, INCSTAR and Sienna have been combined into a single operating
group, DiaSorin. DiaSorin has an extensive menu of diagnostic tests as well as a
variety of technologies and platforms. Its products focus on diagnostic tests
for autoimmunity and infectious diseases, obstetrical/gynecological and
gastrointestinal disorders, endocrinology and bone and mineral metabolism. It
develops, manufactures and markets individual test reagents,
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test kits and related products used by major hospitals, clinical reference
laboratories and researchers involved in diagnosing and treating immunological
conditions. DiaSorin also produces and markets histochemical antisera and
natural and synthetic peptides used in clinical diagnostic and medical research.
One of the new core technologies, which received U.S. Food and Drug
Administration ("FDA") clearance in 1997, is Copalis(R) (for Coupled Particle
Light Scattering), a device which enables multiple tests on a single sample.
Development is ongoing to accelerate an expanded menu of tests using DiaSorin
reagents specifically adapted for use with Copalis.
Alimenterics has developed the Laser Assisted Ratio Analyzer ("LARA(R)")
system, an analyzer which allows a gastroenterologist to diagnose patient
disease via the breath rather than by more invasive procedures such as endoscopy
or x-ray. It's first application, the Pylori-Chek(TM), tests for the presence of
Helicobacter pylori bacterium associated with 80% of stomach ulcers. The
analyzer and reagent have received a Positive Opinion from the European agency
for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products. FDA clearance for the LARA instrument
and clearance for the Pylori-Chek test is expected later in 1998. In March
1998, the Company entered into an agreement with Astra Pharma Inc. of Canada to
market exclusively the LARA System.
DiaSorin has manufacturing facilities in Saluggia, Italy, and Stillwater,
Minnesota, and Alimenterics has a manufacturing facility in Morris Plains, New
Jersey. The principal markets for its products are Western Europe, the United
States and Canada.
The Company believes that the new Medical Systems Segment is well
positioned to develop quickly and effectively its new medical products. The
Company may build this group further through acquisitions of businesses that are
complementary and would permit further acceleration of development and
distribution of its products as well as through further research and development
investments.
Medical Systems had sales of $50 million in the last six months of 1997,
after the acquisition of Sorin and INCSTAR, and an operating loss of $20
million (before write-off of purchased research and development).
At December 31, 1997, Medical Systems employed approximately 800 people.
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Business Segment Data
Information concerning revenues and operating profit and loss attributable
to each of the Company's business segments and geographic areas is set forth in
the Company's 1997 Annual Report to Stockholders on page 14, "Five-Year
Financial Summary", under the caption "Segment Data", on pages 15 though 19
under the caption entitled "Management's Discussion and Analysis" and on page 43
under the caption entitled "Segment Data" which are incorporated herein by
reference. Information concerning identifiable assets of each of the Company's
business segments is set forth on page 43 of the Company's 1997 Annual Report to
Stockholders under the caption entitled "Segment Data", which is incorporated
herein by reference.
General
Raw Materials
The Company purchases a broad range of materials and components throughout
the world in connection with its manufacturing activities. Major items include
steel, copper tubing, aluminum, ferrous and nonferrous castings, clays, motors
and electronics. The ability of the Company's suppliers to meet performance and
quality specifications and delivery schedules is important to operations. The
Company is working closely with its suppliers to integrate them into the Demand
Flow manufacturing process by developing with them just-in-time supply delivery
schedules to coordinate with the Company's customer demand and delivery
schedules. The Company expects this closer working relationship to result in
better control of inventory quantities and quality and lower related overhead
and working capital costs. The energy and materials required for its
manufacturing operations have been readily available, and the Company does not
foresee any significant shortages.
Patents, Licenses and Trademarks
The Company's operations are not dependent to any significant extent upon
any single or related group of patents, licenses, franchises or concessions. The
Company's operations also are not dependent upon any single trademark, although
some trademarks are identified with a number of the Company's products and
services and are of importance in the sale and marketing of such products and
services. Some of the more important of the Company's trademarks are:
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Business Segment Trademark
---------------- ---------
Air Conditioning Products TRANE(R)
AMERICAN STANDARD(R)
Plumbing Products AMERICAN STANDARD(R)
IDEAL STANDARD(R)
STANDARD(R)
PORCHER(R)
Automotive Products WABCO(R)
WABCO WESTINGHOUSE(R)
CLAYTON DEWANDRE
PERROT(R)
Medical Systems Copalis(R)
LARA(R)
DiaSorin(TM)
The Company from time to time has granted patent licenses to, and has
licensed technology from, other parties.
Research and Product Development
The Company made expenditures of $161 million in 1997, $160 million in
1996 and $146 million in 1995 for research and product development and for
product engineering in its four business segments. The expenditures for research
and product development alone were $112 million in 1997, $101 million in 1996
and $85 million in 1995 and were incurred primarily by Automotive Products and
Air Conditioning Products. Automotive Products, which expended the largest
amount, has conducted research and development in recent years on advanced
electronic braking systems, heavy-duty disc brake systems, and additional
electronic control systems for commercial vehicles. Air Conditioning Products'
research and development expenditures were primarily related to alternative,
environmentally-preferable refrigerants, compressors, heat transfer surfaces,
air flow technology, acoustics and micro-electronic controls. Any amount spent
on customer sponsored research and development activities in these periods was
insignificant.
Regulations and Environmental Matters
The Company's U.S. operations are subject to federal, state and local
environmental laws and regulations that impose limitations on the discharge of
pollutants into the air, water and soil and establish standards for the
treatment, storage and disposal of solid and hazardous wastes. The Company
believes that it is in substantial compliance with such laws and regulations. A
number of the Company's plants are undertaking responsive actions to address
soil and groundwater issues. In addition, the Company is a party to a number of
remedial actions under various federal and state environmental laws and
regulations that impose liability on companies to clean up, or contribute to the
cost of cleaning up, sites at which hazardous wastes or materials were disposed
or released, including approximately 30 proceedings under the Comprehensive
Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act and similar state
statutes in which the Company has been named a potentially responsible party or
a third party by a potentially responsible party. Expenditures in 1995, 1996 and
1997 to evaluate and remediate such sites were not material. On the basis of the
Company's historical experience and information currently available, the Company
believes that these environmental actions will not have a material adverse
effect on its financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.
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Additional sites may be identified for environmental remediation in the
future, including properties previously transferred by the Company and with
respect to which the Company may have contractual indemnification obligations.
The Company cannot estimate at this time the ultimate aggregate costs of all
remedial actions because of (a) uncertainties surrounding the nature and
application of environmental regulations, (b) the Company's lack of information
about additional sites at which it may be listed as a potentially responsible
party, (c) the level of clean-up that may be required at specific sites and
choices concerning the technologies to be applied in corrective actions, (d) the
number of contributors and the financial capacity of others to contribute to the
cost of remediation at specific sites and (e) the time periods over which
remediation may occur.
The Company's international operations are also subject to various
environmental statutes and regulations. Generally, these requirements tend to be
no more restrictive than those in effect in the United States. The Company
believes it is in substantial compliance with such existing domestic and foreign
environmental statutes and regulations.
The Company derived significant revenues in past years from sales of air
conditioning products using chlorofluorocarbons ("CFCs"), and in 1997 and prior
years from sales of products using hydrochloroflurocarbons ("HCFCs"). Use of
CFCs, HCFCs and other ozone-depleting chemicals is to be phased out over various
periods of time under regulations that will require use of substitute permitted
refrigerants. Also, utilization of new refrigerants will require replacement or
modification of much of the existing air conditioning equipment. The Company
believes that these regulations will have the effect of generating additional
product sales and parts and service revenues, as existing air conditioning
equipment utilizing CFCs is converted to operate on environmentally preferred
refrigerants or replaced, although such conversion or replacement is expected to
occur only over a period of years, and the Company is unable to estimate the
magnitude or timing of such additional conversion or replacements. The Company
has been working closely with refrigerant manufacturers that are developing
refrigerant substitutes for CFCs and HCFCs, so that the Company's products will
be compatible with those substitutes. Although the Company believes that its
commercial products currently in production will not require substantial
modification to use substitutes, residential and light commercial products
produced by the Company and its competitors may require modification for
refrigerant substitutes. The costs of introducing alternative refrigerants are
expected to be reflected in product pricing and accordingly are not expected to
have a material adverse impact on the Company.
Certain federal and state statutes, including the National Appliance
Energy Conservation Act of 1987, as amended, impose energy efficiency standards
for certain of the Company's unitary air conditioning products. Although the
Company has been able to meet or exceed such standards to date, stricter
standards in the future could require additional research and development
expense and capital expenditures to maintain compliance.
The development, testing and distribution of medical products are subject
to extensive regulation including, in the United States, approvals by the FDA.
Moreover, the medical test market is competitive and many companies with such
products have substantially greater resources and experience than the Company.
There is no assurance the Company's products will be successfully developed or
marketed.
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Employees
The Company employed approximately 51,000 people (excluding employees of
unconsolidated joint venture companies) at December 31, 1997. The Company has a
total of 18 labor union contracts in North America (covering approximately 8,500
employees), two of which expire in 1998 (covering approximately 2,500 employees)
and eight of which expire in 1999 (covering approximately 5,500 employees). One
of the contracts expiring in 1998 has already been renegotiated. There can be no
assurance that the Company will successfully negotiate the remaining labor
contract expiring during 1998 without a work stoppage. However, the Company does
not anticipate any problems in renegotiating this contract that would materially
affect its results of operations.
In February 1998 1,100 Air Conditioning Products employees went on strike
for 30 days at the Lexington, Kentucky, manufacturing plant. In 1997, 150
employees went on strike for 77 days at the Rushville, Indiana, air conditioning
plant, and in 1994, 230 Plumbing Products employees went on strike for 64 days
at the Landsdowne (Toronto), Canada chinaware manufacturing plant. Other than
these strikes, the Company has not experienced any other significant work
stoppages in North America in the last five years.
The Company also has a total of 40 labor contracts outside North America
(covering approximately 18,000 employees). In early 1996 there was a 5-week work
stoppage at the two chinaware manufacturing plants of the Philippines plumbing
products subsidiary, involving 700 employees, where the Company combined the two
facilities. Other than the Philippines work stoppage, the Company has not
experienced any significant work stoppage in the last five years outside North
America.
Although the Company believes relations with its employees are generally
satisfactory, there can be no assurance that the Company will not experience
significant work stoppages in the future or that its relations with employees
will continue to be satisfactory.
Customers
The business of the Company taken as a whole is not dependent upon any
single customer or a few customers.
International Operations
The Company conducts significant non-U.S. operations through subsidiaries
in most of the major countries of Western Europe, the Czech Republic, Bulgaria,
Canada, Brazil, Mexico, Central American countries, China, Malaysia, the
Philippines, South Korea, Thailand, Taiwan, Australia and Egypt. In addition,
the Company conducts business in these and other countries through affiliated
companies and partnerships in which the Company owns 50% or less of the equity
interest in the venture.
Because the Company has manufacturing operations in 35 countries,
fluctuations in currency exchange rates may have a significant impact on its
financial statements. Such fluctuations have much less effect on local operating
results, however, because the Company for the most part sells its products
within the countries in which they are manufactured. The asset exposure of
foreign operations to the effects of exchange volatility has been partly offset
by the denomination in foreign currencies of a portion of the Company's
borrowings.
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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
At December 31, 1997 the Company conducted its manufacturing activities
through 108 plants in 35 countries, of which the principal facilities are as
follows:
Business
Segment Location Major Products Manufactured at Location
------- -------- ---------------------------------------
Air Conditioning Clarksville, TN Commercial unitary air conditioning
Products Fort Smith, AK Commercial unitary air conditioning
La Crosse, WI Applied air conditioning systems
Lexington, KY Air handling products
Macon, GA Commercial air conditioning systems
Pueblo, CO Applied air conditioning systems
Rushville, IN Air handling products
Trenton, NJ Residential gas furnaces and air handlers
Tyler, TX Residential air conditioning
Waco, TX Water source heat pumps and air handling
Products
Charmes, France Applied air conditioning systems
Epinal, France Unitary air conditioning systems and mini-splits
Ligang, China Applied air conditioning systems
Taicang, China Unitary air conditioning systems and mini-splits
Taipei, Taiwan Unitary air conditioning systems
Sao Paulo, Brazil Unitary air conditioning systems
Plumbing Products Salem, OH Enameled-steel fixtures and acrylic bathtubs
Tiffin, OH Vitreous china
Trenton, NJ Vitreous china
Toronto, Canada Vitreous china and enameled-steel fixtures
Sevlievo, Bulgaria Vitreous china and brass plumbing fittings
Teplice, Czech Republic Vitreous china
Hull, England Vitreous china and acrylic bathtubs
Middlewich, England Vitreous china
Dole, France Vitreous china and acrylic bathtubs
Neuss, Germany Vitreous china
Wittlich, Germany Brass plumbing fittings
Orcenico, Italy Vitreous china
Brescia, Italy Vitreous china
Aguascalientes, Mexico Vitreous china
Mexico City, Mexico Vitreous china, water heaters
Monterrey, Mexico Brass plumbing fittings
Manila, Philippines Vitreous china
Seoul, South Korea Brass plumbing fittings
Bangkok, Thailand Vitreous china
Tianjin, China Vitreous china
Beijing, China Enameled steel fixtures
Shanghai, China Vitreous china and brass plumbing fittings
Guangdong Province, China Vitreous china, brass plumbing fittings and
enameled steel fixtures
Automotive Campinas, Brazil Braking systems
Products Leeds, England Braking systems
Claye-Souilly, France Braking systems
Hanover, Germany Braking systems
Mannheim, Germany Foundation brakes
Medical Systems Salugia, Italy Medical diagnostics products
Stillwater, MN Medical diagnostics products
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Except for the property located in Manila, Philippines, all of the plants
described above are owned by the Company or a subsidiary. Through joint ventures
the company operates one plant in each of Indonesia and India. The Company
considers that its properties are generally in good condition, are well
maintained, and are generally suitable and adequate to carry on the Company's
business.
In 1997 several Air Conditioning Products' plants operated at or near
capacity and others operated moderately below capacity.
In 1997 Plumbing Products' plants worldwide operated at levels of
utilization which varied from country to country but overall were satisfactory.
Automotive Products' plants generally operated at good utilization levels
in 1997.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
In late 1996 the Company received letters from Tyco International Ltd.
("Tyco") proposing to acquire all outstanding shares of the Company's common
stock. The Company's Board of Directors reviewed the Tyco proposals, consulted
with its legal counsel and financial advisors and concluded that the Company
would decline any interest in the proposals and so informed Tyco. There were no
discussions between the Company and Tyco concerning any of the proposals and the
Company contemplates none.
Two persons claiming to be shareholders of the Company, represented by the
same lawyers, filed separate class action and derivative lawsuits in the
Chancery Court of the State of Delaware against the Company, ASI Partners and
the Company's directors alleging breeches of fiduciary duties related to the
Company's rejection of the Tyco proposals, approval of the secondary offering of
Company common stock owned by ASI Partners and the repurchase by the Company of
all shares of Company common stock owned by ASI Partners after such secondary
offering (collectively, the "Stockholder Transactions"). The Stockholder
Transactions were successfully completed in March 1997. The complaints seek
unspecified monetary damages, to enjoin the Stockholder Transactions and demand
that the Company evaluate alternative transactions to maximize shareholder
value. The Company has moved to dismiss the complaints or in the alternative for
Summary Judgment, believes the lawsuits are without merit and intends to contest
them vigorously. The Delaware Court of Chancery has granted a stay of discovery
pending its ruling on the Company's motion to dismiss the complaints.
A person claiming to be a holder of certain public debt securities of
American Standard Inc. filed, and subsequently withdrew, a class action lawsuit
in New York Supreme Court seeking to enjoin the Stockholder Transactions or to
require the Company to redeem such debt securities at the election of the
security holders
For a discussion of German tax issues see Note 6 of Notes to
Consolidated Financial Statements incorporated by reference herein (see Item
14(a) of Part IV hereof). For a discussion of environmental issues see "Item
1. Business - General - Regulations and Environmental Matters."
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
No matter was submitted to a vote of the Company's stockholders during the
fourth quarter of 1997.
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EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT
In reliance on General Instruction G to Form 10-K, information on
executive officers of the Registrant is included in this Part I. The following
table sets forth certain information as of March 12, 1998 with respect to each
person who is an executive officer of the Company:
Name Age Position with Company
---- --- ---------------------
Emmanuel A. Kampouris 63 Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer, and Director
Horst Hinrichs 65 Vice Chairman
Fred A. Allardyce 56 Senior Vice President, Medical Systems
W. Craig Kissel 47 Senior Vice President , Automotive Products
Giancarlo Aimetti 61 Vice President, Automotive Products, Austrian Group
Alexander A. Apostolopoulos 55 Vice President and Group Executive, Plumbing Products,
Americas International
Thomas S. Battaglia 55 Vice President and Treasurer
Judith A. Britz, Ph.D 47 Vice President, Medical Systems, Business Development
Gary A. Brogoch 47 Vice President and Group Executive, Plumbing Products,
Asia Pacific
Michael C.R. Broughton 57 Vice President, Automotive Products, United Kingdom
Roberto Canizares M. 48 Vice President, Air Conditioning Products, International
Applied Business
Wilfried Delker 57 Vice President and Group Executive, Plumbing Products,
Worldwide Fittings
Adrian B. Deshotel 53 Vice President, Human Resources
Peter Enss 53 Vice President, Automotive Products, Germany
Luigi Gandini 59 Vice President, Special Projects
Daniel Hilger 57 Vice President, Air Conditioning Products,
Middle East and Africa Region
Richard A. Kalaher 57 Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary
George H. Kerckhove 60 Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
William A. Klug 65 Vice President and Group Executive, Air Conditioning Products,
International
Fabio Lunghi 53 Vice President and Group Executive, Medical Systems, DiaSorin
Jean-Claude Montauze 51 Vice President, Automotive Products, France
Janet George Murnick, Ph.D 54 Vice President, Medical Systems, Alimenterics
G. Eric Nutter 62 Vice President and Group Executive, Plumbing
Products, Americas
David R. Pannier 47 Vice President and Group Executive, North American Unitary
Products Group
Raymond D. Pipes 48 Vice President, Investor Relations
James H. Schultz 49 Vice President and Group Executive, Air Conditioning Products,
Worldwide Applied Systems
G. Ronald Simon 56 Vice President and Controller
Benson I. Stein 60 Vice President, Medical Systems, Operations
Wolfgang Voss 51 Vice President and Group Executive, Plumbing Products, Europe
Robert M. Wellbrock 51 Vice President, Taxes
Each officer of the Company is elected by the Board of Directors to hold
office until the first Board meeting after the Annual Meeting of Stockholders
next succeeding his election.
None of the Company's officers has any family relationship with any
director or other officer. "Family relationship" for this purpose means any
relationship by blood, marriage or adoption, not more remote than first cousin.
Set forth below is the principal occupation of each of the executive
officers named above during the past five years (except as noted, all positions
are with the Company and American Standard Inc.).
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Mr. Kampouris was elected Chairman in December 1993 and President and
Chief Executive Officer in February 1989. Mr. Kampouris has served as a director
of the Company since July 1988.
Mr. Hinrichs was elected Vice Chairman in January 1988 to assist the
Chairman with special strategic and operational assignments. Prior thereto he
served as Senior Vice President, Automotive Products, since December 1990. Mr.
Hinrichs has served as a director of the Company since March 1991.
Mr. Allardyce was elected Senior Vice President, Medical Systems, in
January 1998. Prior thereto he served as Vice President and Chief Financial
Officer since January 1992.
Mr. Kissel was elected Senior Vice President, Automotive Products in
January 1998. Prior thereto he was Vice President of Air Conditioning Products'
Unitary Products Group since January 1992, becoming Group Executive in March
1994.
Mr. Aimetti was elected Vice President, Automotive Products, Austrian
Group, in January 1997. Prior thereto he served as Business Leader of the
Austrian Group from 1995 to 1996, and has been Managing Director and General
Manager of WABCO Automotive Company in Italy since 1979.
Mr. Apostolopoulos was elected Vice President and Group Executive,
Plumbing Products, Americas International, in December 1990.
Mr. Battaglia was elected Vice President and Treasurer in September 1991.
Dr. Britz was elected Vice President, Medical Systems, Business
Development, in July 1997, after having served as Vice President and Managing
Director of Sienna Biotech Inc., a medical diagnostic subsidiary of the Company
from January 1995 to July 1997. Dr. Britz joined the staff of Sienna Biotech in
January 1993 and prior to that, from 1988 to 1992, Dr. Britz was Director, R&D
of Becton Dickinson Advanced Diagnostics.
Mr. Brogoch was elected Vice President in December 1994, and has served as
Group Executive of the Asia Pacific Plumbing Group since the consolidation of
the Far East and China Plumbing Groups in February 1997. Prior thereto he was
Group executive of the China Plumbing Group from December 1994 until February
1997. He served as Vice President of Plumbing Products' operations in China from
August 1993 until December 1994 and previously served as Vice President of
Finance and Planning, European Plumbing Products from August 1991 until August
1993.
Mr. Broughton was elected Vice President, Automotive Products, United
Kingdom, in January 1997. Prior thereto he served as Managing Director (Business
Leader) of that Group from May 1995 to December 1996, as Process Owner, Order
Fulfillment from 1993 to May 1995, and from July 1988 to 1993 as Director of
Manufacturing of the WABCO Automotive facility in Portsmouth, England.
Mr. Canizares was elected Vice President in December 1990. In January
1998 he was given responsibility for the Air Conditioning Products Sector's
International Applied Business. Prior thereto, from December 1990, he was in
charge of the Trane Asia Pacific Region.
Mr. Delker was elected Vice President and Group Executive, Plumbing
Products, Worldwide Fittings, in April 1990.
Mr. Deshotel was elected Vice President, Human Resources, in January 1992.
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Mr. Enss was elected Vice President, Automotive Products, Germany, in July
1995. Prior thereto he served as Vice President, Business Development, and Group
Executive of the WABCO Austrian group of companies from January 1994 to June
1995 and in various executive capacities in the WABCO Automotive Products Group
headquarters in Brussels from January 1991 to December 1993.
Mr. Gandini has served as Vice President, Special Projects since October
1995, having been elected Vice President and Group Executive, European Plumbing
Products, in July 1990.
Mr. Hilger was elected Vice President, Air Conditioning Products, Middle
East and Africa Region, in June 1988.
Mr. Kalaher was elected Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary in
March 1995, having served as Acting General Counsel and Acting Secretary since
joining the Company in February 1994. Prior thereto, he was Vice President and
General Counsel of AMAX Inc. from 1991 to 1994.
Mr. Kerckhove was elected Vice President and Chief Financial Officer in
January 1998. Prior thereto he was Senior Vice President, Plumbing Products,
since June 1990. Mr. Kerckhove has served as a director of the Company since
September 1990.
Mr. Klug, elected a Vice President in 1985, is providing oversight and
assistance in the Trane Air Conditioning organization restructuring pending his
retirement during 1998. He has been Group Executive in charge of Air
Conditioning Products' International Group since December 1993. He served as
Group Executive, Unitary Products Group, from April 1990 until December 1993.
Mr. Lunghi was elected Vice President and Group Executive of Medical
Systems, DiaSorin, in July 1997, upon the acquisition by the Company of the
Sorin Diagnostics and INCSTAR medical diagnostics businesses. He served as
Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of INCSTAR, a U.S. medical
business, from October 1994 to July 1997, and from 1986 until 1994 was Vice
President and General Manager of the Radiopharmaceutical Business Unit of Sorin
Biomedica S.p.A. (now Sorin Diagnostics), which he joined in 1974.
Mr. Montauze was elected Vice President, Automotive Products, France, in
October 1994. He served as Vice President of Finance and Controller of
Automotive Products at the Brussels headquarters from September 1989 until
September 1994.
Dr. Murnick was elected Vice President in May 1996 and has been President
of Alimenterics Inc., a medical diagnostic subsidiary of the Company, since
1995, having served as its Vice President from 1992 until 1995. She founded
Diagnostics and Devices, Inc., a medical technology development company, in 1983
and has served as its President since then.
Mr. Nutter was elected Vice President and Group Executive, U.S. Plumbing
Products, in May 1995 and has been Vice President and Group Executive, Plumbing
Products, Americas, since January 1998. Prior thereto he served as Vice
President, Automotive Products, United Kingdom from January 1992.
Mr. Pannier was elected Vice President and Group Executive, North American
Unitary Products Group in January 1998. He served as Coach of Unitary Products
Group Marketing and Sales from July 1995 until December 1997, and prior thereto
as Vice President, Residential Marketing from November 1991 until July 1995.
Mr. Pipes was elected as Vice President in May 1992, and has been Vice
President, Investor Relations since January 1998. Prior thereto he was
responsible for Corporate Development programs since February 1997 and served as
Group Executive for the Far East Region of Plumbing Products from May 1992 until
February 1997.
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Mr. Schultz was elected a Vice President in 1987 and has been Vice
President and Group Executive, Worldwide Applied Systems, Air Conditioning
Products since January 1998. Prior thereto he served as Group Executive, North
American Commercial Group of Air Conditioning Products, since 1987.
Mr. Simon was elected Vice President and Controller in January 1992.
Mr. Stein was elected a Vice President in March 1994; and has been Vice
President, Medical Systems, Operations since January 1998. Prior to March 1994
he was the Company's General Auditor.
Mr. Voss was elected Vice President and Group Executive, European Plumbing
Products in July 1995. Prior thereto, he served as Process Owner, Order
Fulfillment from January 1994 to June 1995, and as Works Manager from January
1991 to December 1993, of the WABCO Automotive company in Germany.
Mr. Wellbrock was elected Vice President, Taxes, effective January 1,
1994. Prior thereto he served as Director of Taxes from 1988 through 1993.
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PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED
STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
The common stock of the Company is listed on The New York Stock Exchange
(the "Exchange"). The common stock was first traded on the Exchange on February
3, 1995 concurrent with the underwritten initial public offering of shares of
the Company's common stock at an initial price to the public of $20.00 per share
(the "Offering"). Prior to the Offering there was no established public trading
market for the Company's shares.
In January 1995 the Company adopted a Restated Certificate of
Incorporation, Amended Bylaws and a Stockholder Rights Agreement. The Restated
Certificate of Incorporation authorizes the Company to issue up to 200,000,000
shares of common stock, par value $.01 per share, and 2,000,000 shares of
preferred stock, par value $.01 per share, of which the Board of Directors
designated 900,000 shares as a new series of Junior Participating Cumulative
Preferred Stock. Each outstanding share of common stock has associated with it
one right to purchase a specified amount of Junior Participating Cumulative
Preferred Stock at a stipulated price in certain circumstances relating to
changes in ownership of the common stock of the Company.
The number of holders of record of the common stock of the Company as of
March 12, 1998, was 1,116.
No dividends have been declared on the Company's common stock since the
Offering. The Company has no separate operations and its ability to pay
dividends or repurchase its common stock is dependent entirely upon the extent
to which it receives dividends or other funds from American Standard Inc. The
terms of the Company's 1997 Credit Agreement and certain indentures governing
publicly-issued debt securities of American Standard Inc. restrict the payment
of dividends and other extensions of funds by American Standard Inc. to the
Company.
Set forth below are the high and low sales prices for shares of the
Company's common stock for each full quarterly period in 1996 and 1997.
1996: High Low
----- -------- -------
First quarter $ 31-3/8 $ 25-1/2
Second quarter $ 33-3/8 $ 26-1/2
Third quarter $ 35-1/4 $ 28-1/8
Fourth quarter $ 39-3/4 $ 34-1/4
1997:
First quarter $ 47-3/4 $ 37-3/4
Second quarter $ 51 $ 41-1/8
Third quarter $ 51-5/8 $ 37-11/16
Fourth quarter $ 41-1/8 $ 34-5/8
24
25
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
Selected Financial Data
(Dollars in millions, except per share data)
Year Ended December 31
----------------------
1997 1996 1995 1994 1993
---- ---- ---- ---- ----
Statement of Operations Data:
Sales $6,008 $5,805 $5,221 $4,457 $3,830
Income (loss) before extraordinary
item and cumulative effect of
change in accounting method (a)(b) $120 $(47) $142 $(77) $(117)
==== ==== ==== ==== =====
Per Common Share (c):
Income (loss) before extraordinary
item and cumulative effect of
change in accounting method (a):
Basic $1.62 $(.60) $1.90 $(1.29) $(2.11)
===== ===== ===== ====== ======
Diluted $1.57 $(.60) $1.87 $(1.29) $(2.11)
===== ===== ===== ====== ======
Average number of outstanding
common shares:
Basic 73,801,220 77,986,511 74,671,830 59,933,435 59,313,073
Diluted 76,167,486 77,986,511 75,823,854 59,933,435 59,313,073
Balance Sheet Data (at end of
period):
Total assets $3,669 $3,520 $3,520 $3,156 $2,987
Total debt 2,300 1,923 2,083 2,364 2,336
Stockholders' deficit (610) (380) (390) (798) (723)
(a) In connection with the June 30, 1997, acquisition of the medical
diagnostics businesses, the value of purchased in-process research and
development was written off in accordance with applicable accounting
rules, resulting in a non-cash charge to income of $90 million, or $1.19
per diluted share. Effective January 1, 1996, the Company adopted
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 121, Accounting for the
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and for Long-Lived Assets to be Disposed
Of, resulting in a non-cash charge of $235 million, or $2.95 per diluted
share.
(b) Retirements of debt in connection with the proceeds of bank debt
refinancing in 1997, the initial public offering in 1995, an October 1994
borrowing and a 1993 refinancing resulted in extraordinary charges of $24
million (net of taxes of $6 million) in 1997, and $30 million, $9 million
and $92 million in 1995, 1994 and 1993, respectively, on which there were
no tax benefits. These charges included call premiums, the write-off of
deferred debt issuance costs, and in 1993 the loss on cancellation of
foreign currency swap contracts (see Notes 6 and 9 of Notes to
Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company's 1997 Annual
Report to Stockholders and incorporated herein by reference).
(c) Earnings per share for all periods have been presented in accordance with
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 128, "Earnings per Share",
adopted effective December 31, 1997. See Note 2 of Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements
25
26
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Management's discussion and analysis of the financial condition and
results of operations of the Company is set forth on pages 15 through 23 of the
Company's 1997 Annual Report to Stockholders and is incorporated herein by
reference.
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Incorporated herein by reference from the Company's 1997 Annual Report to
Stockholders are the financial statements and related information listed under
the heading "1. Financial Statements" in the Index to Financial Statements and
Financial Statement Schedules on page 30 hereof.
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
Not Applicable.
26
27
PART III
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT
Except for information regarding the Company's executive officers, the
information called for by this Item is incorporated in this report by reference
to the Company's definitive Proxy Statement dated March 26 1998: under the
headings: "Stock Ownership" and "1. Election of Directors", except for
information not deemed to be "soliciting material" or "filed" with the SEC,
information subject to Regulations 14A or 14C under the Exchange Act or
information subject to the liabilities of Section 18 of the Exchange Act.
For information concerning the executive officers of the Company, see
"Executive Officers of the Registrant" under Part I of this report.
None of the Company's directors or officers has any family relationship
with any other director or officer. ("Family relationship" for this purpose
means any relationship by blood, marriage or adoption, not more remote than
first cousin.)
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Information concerning executive compensation and related matters is set
forth in the Company's definitive Proxy Statement dated March 26, 1998 as
follows: under the section entitled "Directors' Fees and Other Arrangements" on
page 6 thereof, under the heading entitled "Executive Compensation" on pages 7
through 12 thereof, under the heading entitled "Compensation Committee
Interlocks and Insider Participation" on page 16 and under the heading entitled
"Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions" on pages 16 and 17
thereof, and is incorporated herein by reference except for the sections
entitled "Management Development and Nominating Committee Report on Compensation
of Executive Officers of the Company" and "Performance Graph" appearing on pages
13 through 16. except for information not deemed to be "soliciting material" or
"filed" with the SEC, information subject to Regulations 14A or 14C under the
Exchange Act or information subject to the liabilities of Section 18 of the
Exchange Act.
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT
Information concerning shares of common stock of the Company beneficially
owned by management and others is set forth under the heading entitled "Stock
Ownership" on pages 3 and 4 in the Company's definitive Proxy Statement dated
March 26, 1998 and is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
The information required by this item is incorporated in this report by
reference to the Company's definitive Proxy Statement dated March 26, 1998 under
the section entitled "Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions",
except for information not deemed to be "soliciting material" or "filed" with
the SEC, information subject to Regulations 14A or 14C under the Exchange Act or
information subject to the liabilities of Section 18 of the Exchange Act.
27
28
PART IV
ITEM 14. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K
(a) 1 and 2. Financial statements and financial statement schedules
The financial statements and financial statement schedules are
listed in the accompanying index to financial statements on page 30
of this annual report on Form 10-K. The financial statements
indicated on the index appearing on page 30 hereof are incorporated
herein by reference.
3. Exhibits
The exhibits to this Report are listed on the accompanying index to
exhibits and are incorporated herein by reference or are filed as
part of this annual report on Form 10-K.
(b) Reports on Form 8-K
During the quarter ended December 31, 1997, the company filed a
Current Report on Form 8-K describing the First and Second
Amendments to the 1997 Credit Agreement. The First Amendment permits
the Company to (i) repurchase shares of its common stock in an
amount not to exceed $308 million, and (ii) use proceeds of loans
under the 1997 Credit Agreement to redeem the Company's 10-7/8%
Senior Notes and to refinance such loans prior to June 30, 1998. The
Second Amendment permits the Company to issue up to $1 billion of
debt securities and to use the proceeds therefrom to redeem its
10-1/2% Senior Subordinated Discount Debentures or its 9-7/8% Senior
Subordinated Notes or its 10-7/8% Senior Notes and, pending such
redemptions, to prepay temporarily loans outstanding under the 1997
Credit Agreement.
28
29
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on
its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
AMERICAN STANDARD COMPANIES INC.
By: /s/ EMMANUEL A. KAMPOURIS
------------------------
(Emmanuel A. Kampouris)
Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
March 27, 1998
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this
report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the
Registrant and in the capacities indicated on March 27, 1998:
/s/ Emmanuel A. Kampouris
- ------------------------------
(Emmanuel A. Kampouris) Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer; Director
(Principal Executive Officer)
/s/ GEORGE H. KERCKHOVE
- ------------------------------
(George H. Kerckhove) Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)
/s/ G. RONALD SIMON
- ------------------------------
(G. Ronald Simon) Vice President and Controller
(Principal Accounting Officer)
/s/ STEVEN E. ANDERSON
- ------------------------------
(Steven E. Anderson) Director
/s/ HORST HINRICHS
- ------------------------------
(Horst Hinrichs) Director
/s/ SHIGERU MIZUSHIMA
- ------------------------------
(Shigeru Mizushima) Director
/s/ ROGER W. PARSONS
- ------------------------------
(Roger W. Parsons) Director
/s/ J. DANFORTH QUAYLE
- ------------------------------
(J. Danforth Quayle) Director
/s/ DAVID M. RODERICK
- ------------------------------
(David M. Roderick) Director
/s/ JOSEPH S. SCHUCHERT
- ------------------------------
(Joseph S. Schuchert) Director
29
30
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
COVERED BY
REPORT OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS
-------------
1997
ANNUAL REPORT
TO
STOCKHOLDERS
(PAGES)
-------------
1. Financial Statements (incorporated by reference from
the Company's 1997 Annual Report to Stockholders)
Consolidated Balance Sheet at
December 31, 1997, and 1996 27
Years ended December 31, 1997, 1996, and 1995:
Consolidated Statement of Operations 26
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows 28
Consolidated Statement of Stockholders' Deficit 29
Notes to Financial Statement 30-43
Segment Data 14 and 43
Quarterly Data (Unaudited) 44
Report of Independent Auditors 25
-------------
FORM 10-K
(PAGES)
-------------
2. Report of Independent Auditors 31
Financial statement schedules, years ended
December 31, 1997, 1996, and 1995
I Condensed Financial Information of Registrant 32-35
II Valuation and Qualifying Accounts 36
All other schedules have been omitted because the information is not applicable
or is not material or because the information required is included in the
financial statements or the notes thereto.
30
31
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT AUDITORS
We have audited the consolidated financial statements of American Standard
Companies Inc. as of December 31, 1997 and 1996, and for each of the three
years in the period ended December 31, 1997, and have issued our report thereon
dated February 16, 1998. Our audits also included the financial statement
schedules listed in Item 14(a). These schedules are the responsibility of the
Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion based on our
audits.
In our opinion, the financial statement schedules referred to above, when
considered in relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole,
present fairly in all material respects the information set forth therein.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
New York, New York
February 16, 1998
31
32
SCHEDULE I -- CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (Parent Company Separately)
(Dollars in thousands)
Year Ended December 31,
1997 1996 1995
--------- --------- ---------
Interest income $ 1,432 $ 747 $ 450
Interest expense (1,432) (747) (450)
Equity in net income (loss) of subsidiary 96,223 (46,718) 111,655
--------- --------- ---------
Net income (loss) $ 96,223 $ (46,718) $ 111,655
========= ========= =========
See notes to financial statements.
32
33
SCHEDULE I - CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF
REGISTRANT - (Continued)
BALANCE SHEET (Parent Company Separately)
(Dollars in thousands)
December 31,
ASSETS ----------------------
------
1997 1996
--------- ---------
Investment in subsidiary $(318,906) $(373,246)
Loan receivable from subsidiary 19,777 10,000
LIABILITIES
-----------
Loan payable to subsidiary 310,654 395
Stock repurchase obligation (Note C) -- 16,740
STOCKHOLDERS' DEFICIT
---------------------
Common stock, $.01 par value, 200,000,000 shares
authorized;
shares issued and outstanding, 71,962,713 in 1997;
78,572,638 in 1996 720 786
Capital surplus 586,968 563,873
Subscriptions receivable (61) (395)
Treasury stock (309,553) --
Accumulated deficit (675,264) (771,487)
Foreign currency translation effects (212,593) (173,158)
--------- ---------
Total stockholders'deficit (609,783) (380,381)
--------- ---------
$(299,129) $(363,246)
========= =========
See notes to financial statements.
33
34
SCHEDULE I -- CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT
STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS (Parent Company Separately)
(Dollars in thousands)
Year Ended December 31,
1997 1996 1995
--------- --------- ---------
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income (loss) $ 96,223 $ (46,718) $ 111,655
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss)
to net cash provided by operating activities
Equity in net loss (income) of subsidiary (96,223) 46,718 (111,655)
--------- --------- ---------
Net cash flow from operating activities 0 0 0
--------- --------- ---------
Cash provided (used) by investing activities:
Investment in subsidiary (2,647) (19,400) (279,983)
Loan to subsidiary (9,716) (5,177) (4,823)
Purchase of common stock by subsidiary 16,937 10,000 10,989
--------- --------- ---------
Net cash provided (used) by investing
activities 4,574 (14,577) (273,817)
--------- --------- ---------
Cash provided (used) by financing activities:
Proceeds from initial public offering of
common stock -- -- 280,535
Purchases of treasury stock (310,654) -- --
Other issuance of common stock 12,363 24,577 4,271
Common stock repurchases (16,937) (10,000) (10,989)
Repayments on subscriptions receivable 334 234 1,011
Loan from subsidiary 310,654 -- --
Repayment of loan from subsidiary (334) (234) (1,011)
--------- --------- ---------
Net cash provided (used) by financing
activities (4,574) 14,577 273,817
--------- --------- ---------
Net change in cash and cash equivalents $ 0 $ 0 $ 0
========= ========= =========
See notes to financial statements.
34
35
SCHEDULE I -- CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ON REGISTRANT -- (Continued)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Parent Company Separately)
(A) The notes to the consolidated financial statements of American Standard
Companies Inc. (the "Parent Company"), are an integral part of these
condensed financial statements.
(B) The Parent Company was organized by Kelso & Company, L.P. ("Kelso"), a
private merchant banking firm, to participate in the acquisition of
American Standard Inc. (the "Acquisition") in 1988. American Standard
Inc.'s common stock is owned solely by the Parent Company. The Parent
Company has no other investments or operations.
(C) The Parent Company has sold its common stock to management employees in
connection with the Acquisition and issued common stock under various
employee benefit and incentive plans including the ESOP. As no public
market existed for the stock prior to the initial public offering of the
Company's common stock in the first quarter of 1995 (see Note D), the
Parent Company, to provide liquidity to employees who have terminated
employment, has made purchases of such employees' stock. Subsequent to
December 2, 1994 the Parent Company is no longer obligated to make such
purchases. Purchases through December 31, 1994, were based upon fair
market value appraisals obtained in connection with the ESOP. The amount
paid on such stock purchases is subject to an annual limitation contained
in American Standard Inc.'s lending arrangements and debt instruments (the
"Annual Limitation"). As the amount owed to terminated employees has
exceeded the Annual Limitation, a liability for the unpaid balance has
been recorded on the financial statements of the Parent Company with a
concomitant reduction in common stock and capital surplus accounts.
(D) In the first quarter of 1995 the Parent Company sold 15,112,300 shares of
its common stock in an initial public offering at an initial price to the
public of $20 per share. This offering yielded net proceeds of
approximately $281 million (including proceeds from the exercised portion
of the underwriters' over-allotment option and after deducting
underwriting discounts and expenses), which were transferred to American
Standard Inc. and used to reduce its indebtedness. Of the total net
proceeds transferred, $269 million was contributed to the capital of
American Standard Inc. and $12 million was advanced under an intercompany
demand note.
(E) In the first quarter of 1997, the Parent Company completed a secondary
offering of 12,429,548 shares of its common stock owned by Kelso ASI
Partners, L.P., ("ASI Partners") an affiliate of Kelso and the Parent
Company's largest shareholder as of December 31, 1996. In conjunction with
the secondary offering, the Parent Company purchased 4,628,755 shares of
its common stock from ASI Partners for $208 million, plus fees and
expenses. In addition, in October 1997 the company completed its
open-market share repurchase program commenced in May 1997 pusuant to
which 2,320,900 shares of its common stock were purchased for $100
million. Both of these purchases were funded with borrowings by American
Standard Inc. under American Standard Inc.'s 1997 Credit Agreement which
were loaned to the Parent Company under a non-interest-bearing
intercompany demand note.
35
36
SCHEDULE II - VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS Years ended
December 31, 1997, 1996, and 1995
(Dollars in thousands)
Description Foreign
Balance Additions Currency Balance
Beginning Charged to Other Translation End of
of Period Income Deductions Changes Effects Period
1997:
Reserve deducted from assets:
Allowance for doubtful
accounts receivable $ 28,294 $ 14,212 $ (9,581)(A) $ 500 $ (3,199) $ 30,226
============================================================================================================================
Reserve for post-retirement
benefits $473,229 $ 57,751 $(44,808)(B) $ (6,375)(C) $(42,146) $437,651
============================================================================================================================
1996:
Reserve deducted from assets:
Allowance for doubtful
accounts receivable $ 27,330 $ 11,225 $(10,158)(A) $ 304 $ (407) $ 28,294
============================================================================================================================
Reserve for post-retirement
benefits $482,398 $ 60,730 $(40,960)(B) $(10,204)(D) $(18,735) $473,229
============================================================================================================================
1995:
Reserve deducted from assets:
Allowance for doubtful
accounts receivable $ 19,569 $ 10,811 $ (6,064)(A) $ 2,662 $ 352 $ 27,330
============================================================================================================================
Reserve for post-retirement
benefits $437,708 $ 52,190 $(21,808)(B) (5,761)(E) $ 20,069 $482,398
============================================================================================================================
The reserve for postretirement benefits excludes the activity for currently
funded U.S. pension plans.
(A) Accounts charged off.
(B) Payments made during the year.
(C) Includes reclassification to current liabilities, offset by effect of
acquisition of new businesses.
(D) Includes $10 million reduction in minimum pension liability
(E) Includes $6 million reduction in minimum pension liability.
36
37
AMERICAN STANDARD COMPANIES INC.
INDEX TO EXHIBITS
(Item 14(a)3 - Exhibits Required by Item 601
of Regulation S-K and Additional Exhibits)
(The Commission File Number of American Standard Companies Inc. (formerly ASI
Holding Corporation), the Registrant (sometimes hereinafter referred to as
"Holding"), and for all Exhibits incorporated by reference, is 1-11415, except
those Exhibits incorporated by reference in filings made by American Standard
Inc. (the "Company") the Commission File Number of which is 33-64450. Prior to
filing its Registration Statement on Form S-2 on November 10, 1994, Holding's
Commission File Number was 33-23070.)
(3) (i) Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Holding; previously
filed as Exhibit 3(i) in Amendment No. 4 to Registration Statement
No. 33-56409 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, filed
January 31, 1995, and herein incorporated by reference.
(ii) Amended By-laws of Holding, as amended February 24, 1997, effective
May 1, 1997; previously filed as Exhibit (3) (ii) to Holding's Form
10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1996, and herein
incorporated by reference.
(4) (i) Form of Common Stock Certificate; previously filed as Exhibit
4(i) in Amendment No. 3 to Registration Statement No. 33-56409 of
Holding, filed January 5, 1995, and herein incorporated by
reference.
(ii) Indenture, dated as of November 1, 1986, between the Company and
Manufacturers Hanover Trust Company, Trustee, including the form of
9-1/4% Sinking Fund Debenture Due 2016 issued pursuant thereto on
December 9, 1986, in the aggregate principal amount of $150,000,000;
previously filed as Exhibit 4(iii) to the Company's Form 10-K for
the fiscal year ended December 31, 1986, and herein incorporated by
reference.
(iii) Instrument of Resignation, Appointment and Acceptance, dated as of
April 25, 1988 among the Company, Manufacturers Hanover Trust
Company (the "Resigning Trustee") and Wilmington Trust Company (the
"Successor Trustee") relating to resignation of the Resigning
Trustee and appointment of the Successor Trustee, under the
Indenture referred to in Exhibit (4) (ii) above; previously filed as
Exhibit (4) (ii) to Registration Statement No. 33-64450 of the
Company, filed June 16, 1993, and herein incorporated by reference.
(iv) Indenture, dated as of May 15, 1992, between the Company and First
Trust National Association, Trustee, relating to the Company's
10-7/8% Senior Notes due 1999, in the aggregate principal amount of
$ 150,000,000; previously filed as Exhibit (4) (i) to the Company's
quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 1992,
and herein incorporated by reference.
(v) Form of 10-7/8% Senior Note due 1999 included as Exhibit A to the
Indenture described in (4) (iv) above.
37
38
(vi) Form of Indenture, dated as of June 1, 1993, between the Company and
United States Trust Company of New York, as Trustee, relating to the
Company's 9-7/8% Senior Subordinated Notes Due 2001; previously
filed as Exhibit (4) (xxxi) to Amendment No. 1 to Registration
Statement No. 33-61130 of the Company, filed May 10, 1993, and
herein incorporated by reference.
(vii) Form of Note evidencing the 9-7/8% Senior Subordinated Notes Due
2001 included as Exhibit A to the Form of Indenture referred to in
(4) (vi) above.
(viii) Form of Indenture, dated as of June 1, 1993, between the Company
and United States Trust Company of New York, as Trustee, relating to
the Company's 10-1/2% Senior Subordinated Discount Debentures Due
2005; previously filed as Exhibit (4) (xxxiii) to Amendment No. 1 to
Registration Statement No. 33-61130 of the Company, filed May 10,
1993, and herein incorporated by reference.
(ix) Form of Debenture evidencing the 10-1/2% Senior Subordinated
Discount debentures Due 2005 included as Exhibit A to the Form of
Indenture referred to in (4) (viii) above.
(x) Form of Senior Debt Indenture dated as of January 15, 1998 among the
Company, Holding and The Bank of New York; filed as Exhibit (4) (i)
to Amendment No. 1 to Registration Statement No. 333-32627 filed
September 19, 1997, and herein incorporated by reference.
(xi) First Supplemental Indenture dated as of January 15, 1998 between
the Company, Holding and The Bank of New York, relating to the
Company's 7.375% Senior Notes due 2008, guaranteed by Holding; filed
herewith.
(xii) Second Supplemental Indenture dated as of February 13, 1998 between
the Company, Holding and The Bank of New York relating to the
Company's 7-1/8% Senior Notes due 2003 and 7-5/8% Senior Notes due
2010, guaranteed by Holding; filed herewith.
(xiii) Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of January 31,
1997, among Holding, the Company, certain subsidiaries of the
Company and the financial institutions listed therein, The Chase
Manhattan Bank, as Administrative Agent; Citibank, N. A., as
Documentation Agent; The Bank of Nova Scotia and NationsBank, N. A.,
as Co-Syndication Agents; Bankers Trust Company, Deutsche Bank AG,
The Industrial Bank of Japan Trust Company, The Sanwa Bank Limited,
New York Branch and The Sumitomo Bank, Ltd., as Senior Managing
Agents; and The Bank of New York, Banque Paribas, CIBC Inc., CIBC
Wood Gundy plc, Compagnie Financiere de CIC et de L'Union
Europeenne, Credit Lyonnais, New York Branch, Fleet National Bank,
The Long Tem Credit Bank of Japan, Limited and The Toronto-Dominion
Bank, as Managing Agents; previously filed as Exhibit (4) (xviii) to
Amendment No. 2 to Registration Statement No. 333-18015, filed
February 5, 1997, and herein incorporated by reference.
(xiv) First Amendment dated as of May 22, 1997 to the Amended and Restated
Credit Agreement dated as of January 31, 1997 among Holding, the
Company, certain subsidiaries of the Company, the financial
institutions party thereto and The Chase Manhattan Bank, as
administrative agent; filed as Exhibit 4 (a) to Holding's Report on
Form 8-K dated October 24, 1997.
(xv) Second Amendment dated as of August 20, 1997 to the Amended and
Restated Credit Agreement dated as of January 31, 1997 among
Holding, the Company, certain subsidiaries of the Company, the
financial institutions party thereto and The Chase Manhattan Bank,
as administrative agent; filed as Exhibit 4 (b) to Holding's Report
on Form 8-K dated October 24, 1997.
38
39
(xvi) Rights Agreement, dated as of January 5, 1995, between Holding and
Citibank N.A. as Rights Agent; previously filed as Exhibit (4) (xxv)
to Holding's Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1994,
and herein incorporated by reference.
(10)* (i) The American Standard Companies Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan;
filed herewith.
(ii) American Standard Inc. Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plan, as
amended and restated on December 5, 1996; incorporated herein by
reference to Exhibit (10) (i) of Company's Form 10-K for the fiscal
year ended December 31, 1996.
(iii) Trust Agreement for American Standard Inc. Long-Term Incentive
Compensation Plan and American Standard Companies Inc. Supplemental
Incentive Compensation Plan, as amended and restated on December 5,
1996; incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (10) (ii) of
Company's Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1996.
(iv) American Standard Inc. Annual Incentive Plan, as amended and
restated on December 5, 1996; incorporated herein by reference to
Exhibit (10) (iii) of Company's Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended
December 31, 1996.
(v) American Standard Inc. Executive Supplemental Retirement Benefit
Program, as restated to include all amendments through July 6, 1995;
incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (10) (iv) of Company's
Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1995.
(vi) American Standard Inc. Supplemental Compensation Plan for Outside
Directors, as amended through December 4, 1997; incorporated herein
by reference to Exhibit (10) (v) to the Company's Form 10-K for the
fiscal year ended December 31, 1997, and herein incorporated by
reference.
(vii) Trust Agreement for the American Standard Inc. Supplemental
Compenation Plan for Outside Directors, dated March 7, 1996;
incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (10) (vi) to the
Company's Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1997.
* Items in this section 10 consist of management contracts or compensatory
plans or arrangements with the exception of (10) (xvi) and (xvii).
(viii) ASI Holding Corporation 1989 Stock Purchase Loan Program;
previously filed as Exhibit (10) (i) to Holding's Form 10-Q for the
quarter ended September 30, 1989, and herein incorporated by
reference.
(ix) American Standard Companies Inc. Corporate Officer Severance Plan,
as amended and restated on December 5, 1996; previously filed as
Exhibit (10) (vii) in Holding's Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended
December 31, 1996, and herein incorporated by reference.
(x) Estate Preservation Plan, adopted by Company in December, 1990;
previously filed as Exhibit (10) (xx) to the Company's Form 10-K for
the fiscal year ended December 31, 1990, and herein incorporated by
reference.
(xi) Amendment adopted in March 1993 to Estate Preservation Plan referred
to in (10) (ix) above; previously filed as Exhibit (10)(xvii) to the
Company's Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1993 and
herein incorporated by reference.
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(xii) Summary of terms of Unfunded Deferred Compensation Plan adopted
December 2, 1993; previously filed as Exhibit (10) (xviii) to the
Company's Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1993 and
herein incorporated by reference.
(xiii) American Standard Companies Inc. Stock Incentive Plan, as amended
and restated on December 5, 1996; previously filed as Exhibit (10)
(xii) to Holding's Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31,
1996, and herein incorporated by reference.
(xiv) American Standard Companies Inc. and Subsidiaries 1996-1998
Supplemental Incentive Compensation Plan, as amended and restated on
December 5, 1996; previously filed as Exhibit (10) (xiii) to
Holding's Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1996, and
herein incorporated by reference.
(xv) Form of Indemnification Agreement; previously filed as Exhibit (10)
(xxi) in Amendment No. 3 to Registration Statement No. 33-56409,
filed January 5, 1995, and herein incorporated by reference.
(xvi) Stock Disposition Agreement, dated as of December 16, 1996, among
Holding, Kelso & Company, L. P. and Kelso ASI Partners, L. P.;
previously filed as Exhibit (10) (i) to Registration Statement No.
333-18015, filed December 17, 1996, and herein incorporated by
reference.
(xvii) Form of Warrant Agreement between Holding and Citibank, N. A. as
Warrant Agent, included as Annex A to the Stock Disposition
Agreement described in (10) (xvi) above; previously filed as Exhibit
(10) (ii) to Registration Statement No. 333-18015, filed December
17, 1996, and herein incorporated by reference.
(13) 1997 Annual Report to Stockholders. (Only those portions
specifically incorporated by reference are filed; no other portions
of the Annual Report are to be deemed filed.)
(21) Listing of Holding's subsidiaries.
(23) Consent of Ernst & Young LLP.
(27) Financial Data Schedule.
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