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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
--------------------
FORM 10-K
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003
COMMISSION FILE #0-11321
UNIVERSAL AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORP.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
-----------------------------------
NEW YORK 11-2580136
- -------------------------- ----------------------------------
(State of Incorporation) (I.R.S. Employer I.D. Number)
SIX INTERNATIONAL DRIVE, SUITE 190, RYE BROOK, NY 10573
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)
Registrant's telephone number, including area code (914) 934-5200
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12 (b) of the Act:
NAME OF EACH EXCHANGE
TITLE OF CLASS ON WHICH REGISTERED
- -------------------------------------- ---------------------
Common Stock, par value $.01 per share NASDAQ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports
required to be filed by Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such
filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [x] No [ ]
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to
Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained,
to the best of the registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information
statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any
amendment to this Form 10-K. [ ]
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer
(as defined in the Securities Exchange Act Rule 12b-2): Yes [x] No [ ]
The aggregate market value of all common equity held by non-affiliates
of the registrant as of June 30, 2003 (based on its closing price per share on
that date of $6.16) was approximately $143,400,000.
The number of shares outstanding of the Registrant's Common Stock as of
February 27, 2004 was 54,140,161.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the Registrant's definitive Proxy Statement for its 2004
annual meeting of shareholders are incorporated by reference into Part
III of this Form 10-K.
1
UNIVERSAL AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORP.
FORM 10-K
2003
CONTENTS
ITEM DESCRIPTION PAGE
PART 1 1 Business 3
2 Properties 28
3 Legal Proceedings 29
4 Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders 29
PART II 5 Market for the Registrant's Common Equity and
Related Stockholder Matters 29
6 Selected Financial Data 33
7 Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations 35
7A Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market
Risk 58
8 Financial Statements and Supplementary Data 60
9 Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on
Accounting and Financial Disclosure 60
9A Controls and Procedures 61
PART III 10 Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant 62
11 Executive Compensation 64
12 Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and
Management 65
13 Certain Relationships and Related Transactions 65
14 Principal Accounting Fees and Services 65
Part IV 15 Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules and Reports
On Form 8-K 65
Signatures 69
2
PART I
ITEM 1 - BUSINESS
GENERAL
Universal American Financial Corp. ("Company" or "Universal American")
was incorporated in the State of New York in 1981 as a life and accident &
health insurance holding company. Collectively, our insurance subsidiaries are
licensed to sell life and accident & health insurance and annuities in all fifty
states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and all the provinces of Canada.
Our principal insurance products are Medicare Supplement, senior life insurance,
long term care insurance and fixed annuities offered to the senior market and
fixed benefit accident and sickness disability insurance sold to the
self-employed market. We distribute these products through both a career agency
system and an independent general agency system. Our administrative services
company acts as a service provider for both affiliated and unaffiliated
insurance companies and other entities for senior market insurance and
non-insurance programs.
We have been able to achieve rapid and profitable growth as a result of
our focus on our core markets, enhanced by several acquisitions that have been
financially accretive and strategically additive. Since 1999:
- Our net income has increased from $9.6 million to $43.1 million,
- Our gross direct and assumed premium has increased from $254.3 million
to $727.5 million,
- Our total assets have grown from $1.2 billion to $1.8 billion, and
- Our stockholders' equity has grown from $133.9 million to $345.7
million.
SENIOR MARKET OPPORTUNITY
We believe that attractive growth opportunities exist in providing an
array of products to the growing senior market. The population of persons over
age 65 in the United States is projected to grow from the current level of
approximately 36 million to approximately 72 million by 2030, according to the
U.S. Census Bureau. The shift in population toward individuals over age 65
presents significant opportunities for us to sell our health, life and asset
accumulation insurance products. Further, as health and medical technologies
increase life expectancy, we believe that seniors and their adult children will
increasingly focus on elder care needs and the services required, including
insurance, to address those needs.
OUR OPERATING SEGMENTS
We currently manage our business through three principal business
segments: Senior Market Brokerage, Career Agency and Administrative Services. We
also report the corporate activities of our holding company in a separate
segment. Information regarding each segment's revenue, income or loss before
taxes and total assets for each of the last three fiscal years is included in
Note 22 - Business Segment Information in the consolidated financial statements
included in this Form 10-K.
SENIOR MARKET BROKERAGE
Our Senior Market Brokerage segment focuses on selling insurance
products designed for the senior market, including Medicare Supplement, Medicare
Select, senior life insurance and annuities through independent marketing
organizations and general agencies. This segment's operations are conducted
primarily by the following subsidiaries:
- American Pioneer Life Insurance Company ("American Pioneer")
- American Progressive Life & Health Insurance Company of New York
("American Progressive")
- Constitution Life Insurance Company ("Constitution")
- Union Bankers Insurance Company ("Union Bankers")
3
CAREER AGENCY
Our career agency segment traditionally concentrated on selling fixed
benefit accident and sickness disability insurance and individual life insurance
products to the middle-income self-employed market in the United States and
Canada. In the past several years, this segment has expanded its focus to the
senior market, accelerated by the acquisition of Pyramid Life in 2003. The
producers in our career agency segment are contracted to sell the products we
offer only with our companies; however, they may sell products of other
companies through programs sponsored by us. This segment's operations are
conducted by the following subsidiaries:
- Pennsylvania Life Insurance Company ("Pennsylvania Life")
- Penncorp Life Insurance Company ("Penncorp Life (Canada)")
- Pyramid Life Insurance Company ("Pyramid Life")
ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES
Our administrative services segment, primarily, our subsidiary, CHCS
Services, Inc., provides outsourcing services that support insurance and
non-insurance products, primarily for the senior market. CHCS Services has
emerged as a leading, full-service administrator of senior insurance products
and an innovator in geriatric care management. We utilize state of the art
technology and a national network of highly trained health care professionals to
provide the administrative platform for these insurance and insurance-related
products and services. Currently, we provide services to more than 48
unaffiliated insurers and generated fee income of $48.5 million in 2003 from
unaffiliated ($19.1 million) and affiliated companies ($29.4 million).
CORPORATE
Our corporate segment reflects the activities of our holding company,
including servicing our debt, payment of certain senior executive compensation
and the expense of being a public company.
OUR BUSINESS STRATEGY
The principal components of our business strategy are to:
- Develop and market competitive and innovative health and life
insurance products, with an emphasis on the senior market in the
U.S. and the self employed market in Canada;
- Expand our brokerage and career distribution channels through
additional recruiting and geographic expansion;
- Build our fee-based administrative business in order to complement
our risk-based insurance business;
- Sharpen our focus on core business by exiting lines of business
that do not fit within our strategy or core competencies;
- Employ conservative risk management techniques, including
maintaining a high quality investment portfolio, disciplined
pricing and prudent use of reinsurance;
- Pursue selective acquisitions that fit our strategic and financial
criteria in order to supplement our internal growth; and
- Execute efficiently, especially in regard to integrating the
operations of companies and blocks of business that we acquire.
4
SIGNIFICANT TRANSACTIONS
Acquisition of Ameriplus
On August 1, 2003, we acquired 100% of the outstanding common stock of
Ameriplus Preferred Care, Inc. ("Ameriplus"). Ameriplus is engaged in the
business of creating and maintaining a network of hospitals for the purpose of
providing discounts to our Medicare Select policyholders. Ameriplus' network is
utilized in connection with Medicare Select policies written by our subsidiaries
and can be offered to non-affiliated parties as well. Ameriplus receives network
fees when premiums for these Medicare Select policies are collected.
Acquisition of Guarantee Reserve Marketing Organization
Effective July 1, 2003, we entered into an agreement with Swiss Re and
its newly acquired subsidiary, Guarantee Reserve Life Insurance Company
("Guarantee Reserve"), to acquire Guarantee Reserve's marketing organization
including all rights to do business with its field force. The primary product
sold by this marketing organization is low face amount whole life insurance,
primarily for seniors.
Beginning July 1, 2003, the Guarantee Reserve field force continued to
write this business in Guarantee Reserve, with us administering all new business
and assuming 50% of the risk through a quota share reinsurance arrangement.
Beginning in the second quarter of 2004 as the products are approved for sale in
each state, new business will be written by our subsidiaries with 50% of the
risk ceded to Swiss Re.
Since its acquisition in 2003, this marketing organization produced
more than 36,000 applications and more than $15.2 million of issued annualized
life insurance premium, which is 50% retained by us.
Recapture of Reinsurance Ceded
Effective April 1, 2003, our subsidiary, American Pioneer, entered into
agreements to recapture approximately $48 million of Medicare Supplement
business that had previously been reinsured to Transamerica Occidental Life
Insurance Company, Reinsurance Division ("Transamerica") under two quota share
contracts. In 1996, American Pioneer entered into two reinsurance treaties with
Transamerica. Pursuant to the first of these contracts American Pioneer ceded to
Transamerica 90% of approximately $50 million of annualized premium that it had
acquired from First National Life Insurance Company in 1996. Under the second
contract, as subsequently amended, American Pioneer agreed to cede to
Transamerica 75% of certain new business from October 1996 through December 31,
1999. As of April 1, 2003, approximately $27 remained ceded under the First
National treaty and approximately $16 million remained ceded under the new
business treaty.
As part of an effort to exit certain non-core lines of business,
Transamerica approached the Company in 2002 to determine our interest in
recapturing the two treaties. Under the terms of the recapture agreements,
Transamerica transferred approximately $18 million in cash to American Pioneer
to cover the statutory reserves recaptured by American Pioneer. No ceding
allowance was paid by American Pioneer in the recapture and American Pioneer
currently retains 100% of the risks on the $48 million of Medicare Supplement
business. There was no gain or loss reported on these recapture agreements.
Acquisition of Pyramid Life
On March 31, 2003, we acquired all of the outstanding common stock of
Pyramid Life. Pyramid Life specializes in selling health and life insurance
products to the senior market, including Medicare Supplement and Select, long
term care, life insurance, and annuities. With this acquisition, we acquired a
$120 million block of in-force business, as well as a career sales force that is
skilled in selling senior market insurance products. Pyramid Life markets its
products in 26 states through a career agency sales force of over 1,100 agents
operating out of 32 Senior Solutions
5
Sales Centers. During 2003, Pyramid Life agents produced more than $27 million
of annualized new sales. Following a transition period that took approximately
ten months, the Pyramid Life business has been fully transitioned into our
existing operations, which is expected to result in increased scale and
efficiencies. Operating results generated by Pyramid Life prior to the date of
acquisition are not included in Universal American's consolidated financial
statements. Refer to Note 3 - Business Combinations in our consolidated
financial statements included in this Form 10-K for additional information on
the acquisition.
Refinancing of Debt
Prior to March 31, 2003, we had $38 million outstanding on our term
loan credit facility. In connection with the acquisition of Pyramid Life (see
Note 3 - Business Combinations in our consolidated financial statements included
in this Form 10-K) on March 31, 2003, we entered into a new $80 million credit
facility consisting of a $65 million term loan and a $15 million revolving loan
facility. We used the proceeds from the new term loan to repay the balance
outstanding on our existing term loan and fund the purchase of Pyramid Life. The
early extinguishment of the existing debt resulted in the immediate amortization
of the capitalized loan origination fees relating to that debt, resulting in a
pre-tax expense of approximately $1.8 million. A portion of the proceeds from
Trust preferred issuances in May 2003 and October 2003 (see below) were used to
reduce the balance of the term loan by $21.0 million during 2003. None of the
revolving loan facility was drawn as of December 31, 2003 (refer to Note 14 -
Loan Agreements in our consolidated financial statements included in this Form
10-K).
Trust Preferred Issuances
During 2003, we issued $60.0 million of fixed and floating rate trust
preferred securities through subsidiary trusts which, combined with the $15.0
million issued in December 2002, results in a total of $75 million of such
securities outstanding. A portion of the proceeds was used to repay our existing
debt and the balance was retained at the parent company for general corporate
purposes (for more detailed information, see Note 15 - Trust Preferred
Securities in our consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-K).
Acquisition of Nationwide Block of Business
In November 2002 we entered into an agreement with Nationwide Life
Insurance Company ("Nationwide") to acquire, through a 100% quota share
reinsurance agreement, Nationwide's individual Medicare Supplement policies.
Approximately $22 million of annualized premium was in force at December 31,
2003.
Equity Offering
In the third quarter of 2001, we completed a secondary public equity
offering in which we sold 5.7 million shares of our common stock, resulting in
proceeds of $26.0 million, net of expenses. In addition, 2.2 million shares were
sold by some of our shareholders as part of the offering. The primary reason for
the offering was to enhance the capital of our insurance subsidiaries to support
our growth and to improve our risk based capital ratios which are used by
regulators and rating agencies to evaluate the adequacy of capital of insurance
companies. Out of the proceeds of the offering, $9.3 million was contributed to
the capital and surplus of our insurance subsidiaries, $5.5 million was used to
reduce the intercompany debenture between our parent holding company and
American Progressive and the balance was held for general corporate purposes.
PENDING TRANSACTION - ACQUISITION OF HERITAGE HEALTH SYSTEMS, INC.
In March 2004, we signed a definitive contract to acquire Heritage
Health Systems, Inc. ("Heritage"), a privately owned managed care company that
operates Medicare Advantage plans in Houston and Beaumont Texas, for
approximately $98 million in cash. The closing of the acquisition is subject to
regulatory approvals and other customary conditions, and is expected to occur in
the second quarter of 2004. Founded in 1995, Heritage has approximately 15,700
Medicare members and has annualized revenues of approximately $132 million. As
of the closing, Heritage is projected to have approximately $14 million of
equity capital and no debt.
6
We intend to finance this acquisition using approximately $34 million
of cash on hand, with the balance coming from the proceeds of a senior credit
facility to be arranged by Banc of America Securities, LLC. In connection with
this financing, we will incur a non-cash, after-tax expense of approximately
$1.1 million relating to the unamortized fees on the current facility that will
be replaced.
ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES
We have built our administrative services capabilities through internal
development and acquisition. Through our wholly owned subsidiary, CHCS Services,
we provide outsourcing services that support insurance and non-insurance
products, primarily for the senior market.
We perform a full range of administrative services for senior market
insurance products, primarily Medicare Supplement and Select, senior life and
long term care, for both affiliated and unaffiliated companies. The services
include policy underwriting and issuance, policy billing and collecting,
telephone verification, policyholder services, claims adjudication and payment,
clinical case management, care assessment and referral to health care
facilities.
We are also increasingly performing similar services, particularly in
the long term care area, for non-insurance products offered both by insurance
and non-insurance companies. For example, we have begun to market our Nurse
Navigator(SM) product, a non-insurance elder care service product that includes
health related information and referrals and access to nationwide networks of
geriatric care nurses and long term care providers available on a discounted
basis.
We utilize state of the art technology and a national network of highly
trained health care professionals to provide the administrative platform for
these insurance and insurance-related products and services. The information
technology includes electronic claims processing, imaging and workflow processes
to ensure maximum efficiency in policy issue, policy administration and claims
processing. Our proprietary network of registered nurses and social workers
provides personalized support and care for our senior programs nationwide. In
addition, our proprietary network of discount providers is an integral part of
our geriatric care management services. We have established a customer contact
center that provides around the clock access to our nurses on staff and can
handle calls in several different languages.
With the acquisition of Ameriplus we are increasing our efforts in
building out our Medicare Select Hospital Network. Our efforts are concentrated
on markets where we have brokerage and career distribution in place.
7
The following table shows the sources of our service fee revenue by type of
product:
2003 2002 2001
---- ---- ----
(in thousands)
Affiliated Revenue
Medicare Supplement $ 22,478 $ 18,604 $ 13,268
Long term care 2,589 2,635 1,907
Life Insurance 2,480 347 388
Other 1,797 1,245 745
---------- ---------- -----------
Total Affiliated Revenue 29,344 22,831 16,308
---------- ---------- -----------
Unaffiliated Revenue
Medicare Supplement 9,469 9,022 9,571
Long term care 7,065 8,205 5,203
Non-insurance products 1,563 1,270 204
Other 1,042 1,420 1,545
---------- ---------- -----------
Total Unaffiliated Revenue 19,139 19,917 16,523
---------- ---------- -----------
Total Administrative Services Revenue $ 48,483 $ 42,748 $ 32,831
========== ========== ===========
Included in unaffiliated revenue are fees received to administer
certain business of our insurance subsidiaries that is 100% reinsured to an
unaffiliated reinsurer which amounted to $7.4 million in 2003, $6.9 million in
2002 and $7.4 in 2001. These fees, together with the affiliated revenue, were
eliminated in consolidation.
8
INSURANCE MARKETING AND DISTRIBUTION
We distribute our insurance products through both a traditional general
brokerage agency system and a career agency channel. We measure new sales of our
insurance products based on issued annualized premiums. Issued annualized
premiums represent the total annual premium expected to be received by us on
policies that were issued during the year. The following table shows our new
sales (issued annualized premiums) by distribution channel and by major product
line for the three years ended December 31, 2003 on a gross basis (before
reinsurance) and a net basis (after reinsurance):
Gross Net Retained $/%
-------------------------------- --------------------------------
Product 2003 2002 2001 2003 2002 2001
- ------- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
(In thousands) (In thousands)
SENIOR MARKET BROKERAGE
Medicare Supplement/Select $ 65,888 $ 90,233 $103,044 $ 54,458 $ 46,019 $ 29,883
Long Term Care 2,096 4,146 3,196 1,048 2,073 1,598
Senior Life 20,401 3,858 3,240 11,171 2,315 1,782
-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
TOTAL SENIOR MARKET BROKERAGE 88,385 98,237 109,480 66,677 50,407 33,263
-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
75% 51% 30%
CAREER AGENCY
Medicare Supplement 20,242 1,826 276 19,658 913 138
Accident & Sickness 14,671 16,951 16,176 14,671 16,951 16,176
Long Term Care 2,917 3,610 3,702 1,584 1,805 1,851
Life Insurance 5,014 2,872 2,043 5,014 2,872 2,043
-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
TOTAL CAREER AGENCY 42,844 25,259 22,197 40,927 22,541 20,208
-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
96% 89% 91%
COMPANY TOTAL
Accident & Health 105,814 116,766 126,394 91,419 67,761 49,646
86% 58% 39%
Life 25,415 6,730 5,283 16,185 5,187 3,825
-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
64% 77% 72%
TOTAL $131,229 $123,496 $131,677 $107,604 $ 72,948 $ 53,471
======== ======== ======== ======== ======== ========
82% 59% 41%
Beginning in 1998, many HMOs realized that their Medicare programs were
unprofitable and therefore decided to terminate these programs. As a result,
millions of seniors were involuntarily dis-enrolled from these programs. This
development contributed to our increased new sales of Medicare Supplement
products in 2001 and 2000. Under applicable legislation, such dis-enrollees may
have the right to acquire Medicare Supplement insurance without medical
underwriting or pre-existing condition limitations. As we expected, beginning in
2002 new sales of our Medicare products have slowed since the HMOs are not
dis-enrolling members as much is as in prior years. We have continued to expand
geographically, and we have increased our recruiting efforts to augment our
production. Additionally, based on the increased financial strength of our
Company, we have increased our retention on new Medicare Supplement business, in
order to continue growing our net premium.
In 2003, one marketing organization produced 7.6% of our total
annualized new sales, primarily senior life business. In 2002, two marketing
organizations produced 6.4% and 5.8%, respectively, of our total annualized new
sales primarily Medicare Supplement business. No other marketing organization or
single agent produced more than 5.0% of our total annualized new sales in 2003,
2002 or 2001.
9
In addition to insurance products, our agents also sell deferred
annuity contracts. We measure production based on the amounts received as
payment for these contracts ("annuity deposits"). Annuity deposits are not
reported as revenue in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
The following table shows our annuity deposits by distribution channel for the
three years ended December 31, 2003:
2003 2002 2001
---- ---- ----
(In thousands)
Senior Market Brokerage $ 62,294 $ 17,561 $ 7,141
Career Agency 63,564 33,018 8,407
---------- --------- ---------
TOTAL ANNUITY DEPOSITS $ 125,858 $ 50,579 $ 15,548
========== ========= =========
SENIOR MARKET BROKERAGE
This segment focuses on the sale of senior market products, including
Medicare Supplement and Select, senior life insurance and annuities. We
distribute these products through independent marketing organizations and
general agencies. These marketing organizations and general agencies typically
recruit and train their own agents, bearing all of the costs incurred in
connection with developing their organization. We now sell our products through
approximately 26,000 independent licensed agents in 35 states and have plans to
recruit more agents and expand into additional states. In 2003, this segment
accounted for $499.1 million, or 69%, of our consolidated gross premiums written
and $227.0 million, or 51%, of our consolidated net premiums earned. New net
retained sales for this segment amounted to $66.7 million in 2003 and $50.4
million in 2002. In 2003, we significantly curtailed our efforts to market long
term care insurance through our senior market brokers.
CAREER AGENCY
Our career agency sales force historically distributed fixed benefit
accident and sickness disability insurance and individual life insurance
products to the self-employed market in the United States and Canada. In
contrast to independent agents, career agents have an exclusive arrangement with
us, and only sell products that we provide or authorize. In order to maximize
this distribution channel, we introduced our senior market insured and
non-insured products to the Career Agency sales force. As of December 31, 2003,
the career field force had 49 branch offices throughout the United States and 13
branch offices in Canada, with approximately 1,700 agents in the United States
and 300 agents in Canada.
The Pyramid Life field force sells health and life insurance products
to the senior market. These products include Medicare Supplement, long-term
care, life insurance and annuities. Pyramid Life markets its products in 26
states through a sales force of over 1,100 career agents operating out of 32
Senior Solutions Sales Centers. During the full year 2003, Pyramid Life agents
produced more than $27 million of annualized new sales. Following a transition
period which took approximately ten months, we successfully transitioned the
administration of the business to our service center while preserving the
marketing identity and quality service that has defined Pyramid Life.
In 2003, this segment accounted for $219.9 million, or 49%, of our net
premiums earned. Approximately 25% of net premiums earned for this segment were
generated by our Canadian operations in 2003. The career agency segment issued
$40.9 million of new net retained business in 2003, and $22.5 million in 2002.
10
INSURANCE PRODUCTS
Our Senior Market Brokerage segment focuses on our senior market
products. While our Career Agency segment had historically focused on products
for the self-employed, they are now increasing their focus on our senior market
products, further enhanced by the acquisition of Pyramid Life. We currently
market the following products:
SENIOR MARKET PRODUCTS -- SUPPLEMENTAL HEALTH AND LONG TERM CARE
Our core supplemental health insurance products include various
Medicare Supplement and Select plans. We also offer several long term care plans
consisting of fully integrated plans and nursing home only plans, primarily
through our Career agents. These products typically are guaranteed renewable for
the lifetime of the policyholder, which means that we cannot cancel the policy
but can seek to increase premium rates on existing and future policies issued
based upon our actual claims experience. These rate increases are applied on a
uniform, nondiscriminatory state by state basis and are subject to state
regulatory approval and Federal and state loss-ratio requirements.
Medicare Supplement and Select
Under Federal and National Association of Insurance Commissioners
("NAIC") model regulations, adopted in substantially all states, there are
currently 12 standard Medicare Supplement plans (Plans A through J and High
Deductible Plans F and J). These policies provide supplemental coverage for many
of the medical expenses that the Medicare program does not cover, such as
deductibles, coinsurance and specified losses that exceed the Federal program's
maximum benefits. Plan A provides the least extensive coverage, while Plan J
provides the most extensive coverage. Under NAIC regulations, Medicare
Supplement insurers must offer Plan A, but may offer any of the other plans at
their option. Our insurance company subsidiaries offer Medicare Supplement
policies primarily on plans A, B, C, D, F, G and High Deductible F. In some
areas, we also sell Medicare Select policies in conjunction with hospitals that
contract with us to waive the Medicare Part A deductible. We monitor the claims
experience on our Medicare Supplement and Medicare Select products and, when
necessary, apply for rate increases in the states in which we sell the products.
Medicare Supplement and Select annualized gross premium produced by our Senior
Market Brokerage general agency system amounted to $65.9 million in 2003 and
$90.2 million in 2002. Medicare Supplement and Select gross annualized premiums
produced by our Career Agency segment amounted to $20.2 million in 2003,
including $17.0 million produced by the Pyramid Life field force acquired on
March 31, 2003, and $1.8 million in 2002.
Long Term Care
Our long term care insurance products provide coverage, with limits
selected by the policyholders, for nursing home and assisted living care only
coverage, optional home health care coverage, or an integrated combination of
such coverage. The nursing home and assisted living care products are subject to
daily fixed dollar maximum limits, have various elimination periods which must
be satisfied by the insureds and have maximum lifetime benefits or benefit
periods. We have developed a new nursing home-assisted living product with
optional home health care riders which we introduced in 2001. Our career agents
produced $2.9 million of issued premium in 2003 and $3.6 million of issued
premium in 2002. In late 2003, we significantly curtailed our efforts to market
long term care products through our senior market brokers. Issued premium for
these long term care products amounting to $2.1 million in 2003 and $4.1 million
in 2002 were produced through our Senior Market Brokerage general agency system.
SENIOR MARKET PRODUCTS -- SENIOR LIFE INSURANCE AND ANNUITIES
Senior Life
We offer a line of low-face amount, simplified issue whole life
products that are sold by our Senior Market Brokerage segment and our
Career Agency segment. Issued premium for these products produced by our Senior
Market Brokerage general agency system was $20.4 million in 2003, including
$15.2 million produced by our Guarantee Reserve Life marketing organization
acquired on July 1, 2003,
11
and $3.9 million in 2002. Our Career Agency segment produced $3.7 million of
issued premium in 2003 and $1.8 million of issued premium in 2002.
Annuities
We market single and flexible premium deferred annuities primarily
focusing on the senior and retirement markets. The base rates on the annuity
products currently marketed by us range from 3% to 4.75%. We offer sales
inducements in the form of first year only bonus interest rates, which range
from 1% to 4%, on certain of our annuity products. Including the bonus interest
rates, our current credited rates on our annuity products range from 3% to 7.7%.
Our currently marketed annuity products have minimum guaranteed interest rates
ranging from 1.5% to 3%. We have the right to change the crediting rates at any
time, subject to the minimums, and generally adjust them quarterly. In
exercising our right to change the interest rate, we take into account the
current interest rate environment and our relative competitive position. Our
Senior Market Brokerage general agency system produced $62.3 million of annuity
deposits in 2003 and $17.6 million of annuity deposits in 2002. Additionally,
our Career Agency system produced $63.6 million of annuity deposits in 2003 and
$33.0 million of annuity deposits in 2002.
PRODUCTS FOR SELF-EMPLOYED
Fixed Benefit Accident and Health
Fixed benefit accident and health products provide three principal
types of benefits:
- disability -- fixed periodic payments to an insured who
becomes disabled and unable to work due to an accident or
sickness,
- hospital -- fixed periodic payments to an insured who becomes
hospitalized, and
- surgical -- fixed single payments that vary in amount for
specified surgical or diagnostic procedures.
Because the benefits we provide are fixed in amount at the time of
policy issuance and are not intended to provide full reimbursement for medical
and hospital expenses, payment amounts are not generally affected by inflation
or the rising cost of health care services. The disability income product is
typically sold to individuals in amounts which, when combined with other similar
coverages, do not provide monthly benefits in excess of $2,000, or 50% of the
insured's monthly income, if less. The hospital income product is typically sold
to individuals to provide the insured with a means of paying supplemental
expenses during a hospitalization stay and provides benefits of not more than
$250 per day ($1,000 if the insured is in intensive care). The surgical product
is typically sold as a rider to an accident policy and our practice is to
provide benefits of not more than $5,000 ($2,500 if the procedure is performed
on an out-patient basis).
Life Insurance
Our career agents sell term life insurance that provides a minimum
coverage of $50,000 for a ten-year period (offered to individuals ages 18
through 60) or a twenty-year period (offered to individuals ages 18 through 50)
as specified in the policy. Premium rates vary according to age and sex and
these policies are fully underwritten. No cash values are accumulated in this
policy and the policy can be renewed for a new term at an increased premium on
any expiration date, except for the final expiration date, without evidence of
insurability. Issued premium amounted to $1.3 million for 2003 and $0.5 million
for 2002.
12
BUSINESS IN FORCE
Our direct, acquired and assumed annualized premium in force, including
only the portion of premiums on interest-sensitive products that is applied to
the cost of insurance, is shown in the following tables:
ANNUALIZED PREMIUM IN FORCE
As of December 31,
--------------------------------------
2003 2002 2001
--------- --------- ---------
(In thousands)
Senior Market Brokerage
Medicare Supplement $ 449,925 $ 423,983 $ 363,470
Long Term Care 25,515 25,320 21,594
Other Senior Health 1,121 1,283 1,347
Other Health 9,256 10,435 14,547
Senior Life 26,969 12,082 11,363
Other Life 12,799 13,538 14,436
--------- --------- ---------
Total Senior Market Brokerage 525,585 486,641 426,757
--------- --------- ---------
Career Agency
Medicare Supplement 111,862 833 -
Accident & Sickness Disability 87,639 85,076 83,562
Hospital 14,304 14,938 16,229
Long Term Care 24,555 16,643 15,121
Other Health 6,399 1,099 1,067
Total Life 21,763 13,940 13,233
--------- --------- ---------
Total Career Agency 266,522 132,529 129,212
--------- --------- ---------
Total Accident & Health 730,576 579,610 516,937
Total Life 61,531 39,560 39,032
--------- --------- ---------
Total Consolidated $ 792,107 $ 619,170 $ 555,969
========= ========= =========
ACCOUNT VALUES ON INTEREST-SENSITIVE PRODUCTS
The following table shows the account values for our interest-sensitive
products before reinsurance. For these products, we earn income on the
difference between investment income that we earn on our invested assets and
interest credited to these account balances.
As of December 31,
------------------------------
2003 2002 2001
-------- -------- --------
(In thousands)
Annuities $256,521 $134,860 $ 99,632
Interest-sensitive Life 163,164 136,718 137,110
-------- -------- --------
Grand Total $419,685 $271,578 $236,742
======== ======== ========
13
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF PREMIUM
Through our insurance subsidiaries, we are licensed to market our
products in all fifty states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and in all
the provinces of Canada. The following table shows the geographical distribution
of the direct cash premium and annuity deposits collected, as reported on a
statutory basis to the regulatory authorities for the full year of 2003:
Repetitive
% of Direct Cash % of Annuity % of
State/Region Total Total Premium Premium Deposits Annuity
- ------------ -------- ------- ----------- ------- -------- -------
Florida $131,988 15.5% $124,017 17.0% $ 7,971 6.4%
Texas 93,121 10.9% 89,140 12.2% 3,981 3.2%
New York 87,902 10.3% 40,112 5.5% 47,790 38.5%
Canada 56,165 6.6% 56,165 7.7% - -%
Indiana 48,325 5.7% 42,340 5.8% 5,985 4.8%
Wisconsin 45,832 5.4% 30,135 4.1% 15,697 12.6%
Pennsylvania 43,763 5.1% 42,384 5.8% 1,379 1.1%
-------- ----- -------- ----- -------- -----
Subtotal 507,097 59.4% 424,293 58.2% 82,803 66.7%
All other 346,025 40.6% 304,668 41.8% 41,356 33.3%
-------- ----- -------- ----- -------- -----
Total $853,122 100.0% $728,961 100.0% $124,159 100.0%
======== ===== ======== ===== ======== =====
REINSURANCE
In the normal course of business, we reinsure portions of certain
policies that we underwrite. We enter into reinsurance arrangements with
unaffiliated reinsurance companies to limit our exposure on individual claims
and to limit or eliminate risk on our non-core or under-performing blocks of
business. Accordingly, we are party to several reinsurance agreements on our
life and accident & health insurance risks. Our senior market accident & health
insurance products are generally reinsured under quota share coinsurance
treaties with unaffiliated insurers, while our life insurance risks are
generally reinsured under either quota share coinsurance or yearly-renewable
term treaties with unaffiliated insurers. Under quota share coinsurance
treaties, we pay the reinsurer an agreed upon percentage of all premiums and the
reinsurer reimburses us that same percentage of any losses. In addition, the
reinsurer pays us allowances to cover commissions, cost of administering the
policies and premium taxes. Under yearly-renewable term treaties, the reinsurer
receives premiums at an agreed upon rate for its share of the risk on a
yearly-renewable term basis. We also use excess of loss reinsurance agreements
for certain policies whereby we limit our loss in excess of specified
thresholds.
The table below details our gross annualized premium in force, the
portion that we ceded to reinsurers and the net amount that we retained.
ANNUALIZED PREMIUM IN FORCE
As of December 31, 2003 2002
-------------------------------------------- ----------
Gross Ceded Net % Retained % Retained
-------- -------- -------- ---------- ----------
(In thousands)
Senior Market Brokerage
Medicare Supplement $449,925 $241,461 $208,464 46% 24%
Long Term Care 25,515 10,944 14,571 57% 58%
Other Senior Health 1,121 186 935 83% 77%
Other Health 9,256 6,262 2,994 32% 35%
Senior Life 26,969 10,259 16,710 62% 58%
Other Life 12,799 1,303 11,496 90% 92%
-------- -------- --------
Total Senior Market Brokerage 525,585 270,415 255,170 49% 29%
-------- -------- --------
Career Agency
Medicare Supplement 111,862 1,331 110,531 99% 50%
Accident & Sickness Disability 87,639 - 87,639 100% 100%
Hospital 14,304 - 14,304 100% 100%
Long Term Care 24,555 5,817 18,738 76% 82%
Other Health 6,399 6 6,393 100% 100%
Total Life 21,763 1,013 20,750 95% 100%
-------- -------- --------
Total Career Agency 266,522 8,167 258,355 97% 97%
-------- -------- --------
Total Accident & Health 730,576 266,007 464,569 64% 41%
Total Life 61,531 12,575 48,956 80% 84%
-------- -------- --------
Total Consolidated $792,107 $278,582 $513,525 65% 43%
======== ======== ========
14
We have several quota share coinsurance agreements (as described above)
in place with General Re Life Corporation ("General Re") and Hannover Life Re of
America ("Hannover"). General Re is rated "A+" and Hannover is rated "A" by A.M.
Best. These agreements cover various accident & health insurance products,
primarily Medicare Supplement and long term care policies, written or acquired
by us and contain ceding percentages ranging from 25% to 100%. During 2003, we
ceded premiums of $123.5 million to General Re, representing 17% of our total
direct and assumed premiums and we ceded premiums of $116.3 million to Hannover,
representing 16% of our total direct and assumed premiums.
Effective January 1, 2004, we have increased our retention on all new
Medicare Supplement sales to 100%.
Our quota share coinsurance agreements are generally subject to
cancellation on 90 days notice as to future business, but policies reinsured
prior to such cancellation remain reinsured as long as they remain in force.
There is no assurance that if any of our reinsurance agreements were canceled we
would be able to obtain other reinsurance arrangements on satisfactory terms.
We evaluate the financial condition of our reinsurers and monitor
concentrations of credit risk to minimize our exposure to significant losses
from reinsurer insolvencies. We are obligated to pay claims in the event that a
reinsurer to whom we have ceded an insured claim fails to meet its obligations
under the reinsurance agreement. As of December 31, 2003, all of our primary
reinsurers were rated "A" or better by A.M. Best. We do not know of any
instances where any of our reinsurers have been unable to pay any policy claims
on any reinsured business.
ADMINISTRATION OF REINSURED BLOCKS OF BUSINESS
We retain the administration for reinsured blocks of business,
including underwriting, issue, policy maintenance, rate management and claims
adjudication and payment. In addition to reimbursement for commissions and
premium taxes on the reinsured business, we also receive allowances from the
reinsurers as compensation for our administration.
SENIOR MARKET BROKERAGE
We reinsure much of our Senior Market Brokerage products to
unaffiliated reinsurers under various quota share coinsurance agreements. Under
these coinsurance agreements, we reinsure a portion of the premiums, claims and
commissions on a pro rata basis and receive additional expense allowances for
policy issue and administration and premium taxes. Medicare Supplement premium
in force is reinsured under quota share coinsurance agreements ranging from 50%
to 75% based upon geographic distribution. We have also acquired various blocks
of Medicare Supplement premium, which we reinsure 100% under quota share
reinsurance agreements. New Medicare Supplement premium written during 2003 was
reinsured under quota share coinsurance agreements up to 50% based upon the
geographic distribution. As noted above, all new Medicare Supplement business
written after 2003 will be 100% retained. Our long term care products produced
by us are reinsured at percentages averaging 50%, while the long term care
business acquired in 1999 is 100% retained. Senior life insurance products
currently being issued are reinsured under 50% quota share coinsurance
agreements, except for certain states where our retention is 100%.
We have 50% quota share and excess of loss reinsurance agreements with
unaffiliated reinsurance companies on our medical insurance policies to reduce
the liability on individual risks to $325,000 per year.
15
CAREER AGENCY
Currently, we retain 100% of the Medicare Supplement, fixed benefit
accident & sickness disability and hospital business issued in our Career Agency
segment. Long term care business is reinsured on a 50% quota share basis, except
for the long term care business written in Pyramid Life, which is 100% retained,
however, benefits after the third year are reinsured 100%. We have excess of
loss reinsurance agreements to reduce our liability on individual risks for home
health care policies to $250,000. For other long term care policies issued in
the U.S. after 1999, we have reinsurance agreements which cover 90% of the
benefits on claims after two years and 100% of the benefits on claims after the
third or fourth years depending upon the plan.
LIFE REINSURANCE
In addition to the reinsurance agreements discussed above by segment,
we reinsure portions of the coverage of our life insurance products to
unaffiliated reinsurance companies under various reinsurance agreements, which
allow us to write policies in amounts larger than the risk we are willing to
retain on any one life. Our mortality risk retention limit on each policy varies
between $25,000 and $100,000.
UNDERWRITING PROCEDURES
Premiums charged on insurance products are based, in part, on
assumptions about expected mortality and morbidity experience. We have adopted
and follow detailed uniform underwriting procedures designed to assess and
quantify various insurance risks before issuing individual life insurance,
health insurance policies and annuity policies to individuals. These procedures
are generally based on industry practices, reinsurer underwriting manuals and
our prior underwriting experience. To implement these procedures, our insurance
company subsidiaries employ an experienced professional underwriting staff.
Applications for insurance are reviewed on the basis of the answers
that the customer provides to the application questions. Where appropriate to
the type and amount of insurance applied for and the applicant's age and medical
history, additional information is required, such as medical examinations,
statements from doctors who have treated the applicant in the past and, where
indicated, special medical tests. If deemed necessary, we use investigative
services to supplement and substantiate information. For certain coverages, we
may verify information with the applicant by telephone. After reviewing the
information collected, we either issue the policy as applied for on a standard
basis, issue the policy with an extra premium charge due to unfavorable factors,
issue the policy excluding benefits for certain conditions, either permanently
or for a period of time, or reject the application. For some of our coverages,
we have adopted simplified policy issue procedures in which the applicant
submits an application for coverage typically containing only a few
health-related questions instead of a complete medical history. Under
regulations promulgated by the NAIC and adopted as a result of the Omnibus
Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990, we are prohibited from using medical
underwriting criteria for our Medicare Supplement policies for certain
first-time purchasers and for dis-enrollees from health maintenance
organizations (HMOs). If a person applies for insurance within six months after
becoming eligible by reason of age, or disability in some circumstances, the
application may not be rejected due to medical conditions. For other prospective
Medicare Supplement policyholders, such as senior citizens who are purchasing
our products, the underwriting procedures are limited based upon standard
industry practices. In New York and some other states, some of our products,
including Medicare Supplement, are subject to guaranteed issue "Community
Rating" laws that severely limit or prevent underwriting of individual
applications. See "Regulation" section of this document.
16
RESERVES
In accordance with applicable insurance regulations, we have
established, and carry as liabilities in our statutory financial statements,
actuarially determined reserves that are calculated to satisfy our policy and
contract obligations. Reserves, together with premiums to be received on
outstanding policies and contracts and interest at assumed rates on such
amounts, are calculated to be sufficient to satisfy policy and contract
obligations. The actuarial factors used in determining reserves for life
insurance policies are based on statutorily prescribed mortality tables and
interest rates. In addition, reserves for accident and health insurance policies
use prescribed or permitted morbidity tables. Reserves are also maintained for
unearned premiums, for premium deposits, for claims that have been reported and
are in the process of being paid or contested and for our estimate for claims
that have been incurred but have not yet been reported.
The reserves reflected in our consolidated financial statements are
calculated in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP").
These reserves are determined based on our best estimates of mortality and
morbidity, persistency, expenses and investment income. We use the net level
premium method for all non-interest-sensitive products and the retrospective
deposit method for interest-sensitive products. GAAP reserves differ from
statutory reserves due to the use of different assumptions regarding mortality
and morbidity, interest rates and the introduction of lapse assumptions into the
GAAP reserve calculation. See Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements.
When we acquire blocks of insurance policies or insurers owning blocks
of policies, our assessment of the adequacy of the transferred policy
liabilities is subject to risks and uncertainties. With acquired and existing
businesses, we may from time to time need to increase our claims reserves
significantly in excess of those estimated. An inadequate estimate in reserves
could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations or financial
condition.
MAINFRAME PROCESSING - DATA CENTER OUTSOURCING
We outsource our mainframe processing to Alicomp ("Alicomp"), a
division of Alicare, Inc. The data center is located in Leonia, New Jersey. Our
core application software programs are run in Alicomp's data center facility to
obtain the necessary mainframe computer capacity and other computer support
services without making the substantial capital and infrastructure investments
that would be necessary for us to provide these services internally.
Our current agreement with Alicomp obligates Alicomp to provide us with
comprehensive data processing services and obligates us to utilize Alicomp's
services for substantially all of our mainframe data processing requirements. We
are billed monthly for these services on an as-used basis in accordance with a
predetermined pricing schedule for specific services. Our agreement with Alicomp
expires on January 15, 2006, and is terminable by us with or without cause. Our
current agreement with Alicomp is renewable automatically for consecutive one
year terms unless and until either party has provided the other with six months
prior written notice of nonrenewal. Alicomp also provides us with mainframe
disaster recovery services.
Under the terms of our agreement with Alicomp we are required to make
minimum payments of $51,000 per month during 2003, $39,000 per month during
2004, $39,000 per month during 2005 and $29,000 during 2006. During 2003, we
paid an average of $245,000 per month, which was in excess of the contract
minimums.
COMPETITION
The life and accident and health insurance industry in North America is
highly competitive. There are approximately 2,000 life and accident and health
insurance companies operating in the United States. We compete with numerous
other insurance companies on a national basis plus other regional insurance
companies and financial services companies, including health maintenance
organizations, preferred provider organizations, and other health care-related
institutions which provide medical benefits based on contractual agreements. We
may be at a disadvantage because many of these organizations have been in
business for a longer period of time and have substantially greater capital,
larger and more diversified
17
portfolios of life and health insurance policies, larger agency sales operations
and higher ratings than we do. In addition, it has become increasingly difficult
for smaller and mid-size companies to compete effectively with their larger
competitors for insurance product sales in part as a result of heightened
consumer and agent awareness of the ratings and financial size of companies.
We believe we can meet these competitive pressures by offering a high
level of service and accessibility to our field force and by developing
specialized products and marketing approaches. We also believe that our policies
and premium rates, as well as the commissions paid to our sales agents, are
generally competitive with those offered by other companies selling similar
types of products in the same jurisdictions. In addition, our insurance
subsidiaries operate at lower policy acquisition and administrative expense
levels than some other insurance companies, allowing us to offer competitive
rates while maintaining underwriting margins. In the case of our Medicare
Supplement business, low expense levels are necessary in order to meet state
mandated loss ratios and achieve the desired underwriting margins. Also, we
believe our disciplined underwriting procedures, pricing practices, effective
rate management and related staff, our quality customer service, our significant
market position in certain geographic areas, the quality of our distribution
network and our appropriate financial strength, provide additional strength to
compete effectively.
RATINGS
Increased public and regulatory concerns regarding the financial
stability of insurance companies have resulted in policyholders placing greater
emphasis upon company ratings and have created some measure of competitive
advantage for insurance carriers with higher ratings. A.M. Best is considered to
be a leading insurance company rating agency. In evaluating a company's
financial and operating performance, A.M. Best reviews profitability, leverage
and liquidity as well as the quality of the book of business, the adequacy and
soundness of reinsurance programs, the quality and estimated market value of
assets, reserve adequacy and the experience and competence of management. A.M.
Best's ratings are based upon factors relevant to policyholders, agents,
insurance brokers and intermediaries and are not directed to the protection of
investors. In November 2001, A.M. Best upgraded the ratings for our American
Pioneer, American Progressive, Constitution Life, Pennsylvania Life and Penncorp
Life (Canada) subsidiaries to "B++" from "B+". In addition, A.M. Best reaffirmed
the rating for our Union Bankers subsidiary at "B+". In October 2002, A.M. Best
assigned a positive outlook to these companies. Pyramid Life also carries a B+
rating from A.M. Best. In October 2003, A.M. Best reaffirmed all ratings and the
positive outlook on all subsidiaries, except for Union Bankers which was
upgraded to "B++". These ratings mean that, in A.M. Best's opinion, these
companies have demonstrated "very good" overall performance when compared to
standards it has established and have a "good" ability to meet their obligations
to policyholders and are in the "Secure" category of all companies rated by A.M.
Best. A.M. Best has also reaffirmed the rating for our Peninsular Life
subsidiary at "FPR5," which is based primarily on a quantitative evaluation of
Peninsular Life's financial strength and operating performance. Currently,
Peninsular has no business in force and is available for sale. A.M. Best does
not rate our other insurance company subsidiaries.
In March 2002, Standard & Poor's assigned its "BBB+" counterparty
credit and financial strength ratings to our American Pioneer, American
Progressive, Pennsylvania Life and Penncorp Life (Canada) subsidiaries. In
December 2002 and again in February 2004, Standard and Poor's affirmed these
ratings, with a stable outlook. This rating means that in Standard & Poor's
opinion, these companies have good financial security characteristics, but are
more likely to be affected by adverse business conditions than are insurers that
are rated higher by Standard & Poor's. A plus (+) or minus (-) shows Standard &
Poor's opinion of the relative standing of the insurer within a rating category.
As a result of our pending acquisition of Heritage Health Systems, Inc.,
Standard & Poor's has placed its "BBB+" counterparty credit and financial
strength ratings of our subsidiaries on CreditWatch with negative implications,
subject to its review and analysis of the implications of the transaction.
Our insurance company subsidiaries are not currently rated by Moody's
Investors Service or Duff and Phelps rating organizations. Although a higher
rating by A.M. Best, Standard & Poor's or another insurance rating organization
could have a favorable effect on our business, we believe that our competitive
pricing, effective rate management, quality customer service and effective
marketing has enabled, and will continue to enable, our insurance company
subsidiaries to compete effectively.
18
INVESTMENTS
Our investment policy is to balance the portfolio duration to achieve
investment returns consistent with the preservation of capital and maintenance
of liquidity adequate to meet payment of policy benefits and claims. We invest
in assets permitted under the insurance laws of the various states in which we
operate. Such laws generally prescribe the nature, quality of and limitations on
various types of investments that may be made. However, we do not currently have
investments in partnerships, special purpose entities, real estate, commodity
contracts, or other derivative securities. We currently engage the services of
three investment advisors under the direction of the management of our insurance
company subsidiaries and in accordance with guidelines adopted by the Investment
Committees of their respective boards of directors. Conning Asset Management
Company manages the portfolio of all of our United States subsidiaries, except
for the portfolio of Pyramid Life, which is managed by Hyperion Capital. MFC
Global Investment Management manages our Canadian portfolio. We invest primarily
in fixed maturity securities of the U.S. Government and its agencies and in
corporate fixed maturity securities with investment grade ratings of "BBB-"
(Standard & Poor's Corporation), "Baa3" (Moody's Investor Service), or higher.
Our current policy is not to invest in derivative programs or other hybrid
securities, except for GNMA's, FNMA's and investment grade corporate
collateralized mortgage obligations.
The following table summarizes the composition of our investment
portfolio by carrying value (which represents fair value) as of December 31,
2003 and 2002:
December 31, 2003 December 31, 2002
------------------------- -------------------------
Percent of Percent of
Carrying Total Carrying Total
Value Carrying Value Carrying
(Fair Value) Value (Fair Value) Value
------------ ---------- ------------ ----------
(In thousands)
Fixed Maturity Securities:
U.S. Government and
Government agencies (1) $ 226,738 17.6% $ 229,153 22.9%
Mortgage-backed (1) 52,992 4.1% 66,131 6.6%
Asset-backed 48,080 3.70% 60,378 6.0%
Foreign securities (2) 236,934 18.4% 176,450 17.7%
Investment grade corporates 568,288 44.2% 400,309 40.0%
Non-investment grade corporates 8,360 0.6% 2,529 0.3%
---------- ---- ---------- -----
Total fixed maturity securities 1,141,392 88.7% 934,950 93.5%
Cash and cash equivalents 116,524 9.1% 36,754 3.7%
Other Investments:
Policy loans 25,502 2.0% 23,745 2.4%
Equity securities 1,507 0.1% 1,645 0.2%
Other invested assets 1,583 0.1% 2,808 0.2%
---------- ---- ---------- -----
Total cash and invested assets $1,286,508 100% $ 999,902 100.0%
========== ==== ========== =====
(1) U.S. Government and government agencies include GNMA and FMNA
mortgage-backed securities.
(2) Primarily Canadian dollar denominated bonds supporting our Canadian
insurance reserves.
19
The following table shows the distribution of the contractual
maturities of our portfolio of fixed maturity securities by carrying value as of
December 31, 2003. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities
because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or
without call or prepayment penalties:
Percent of
Carrying Total Fixed
Available for Sale Value Maturities
------------------ ---------- -----------
(In thousands)
Due in 1 year or less $ 35,090 3.1%
Due after 1 year through 5 years 123,167 10.8%
Due after 5 years through 10 years 382,467 33.5%
Due after 10 years 347,521 30.5%
Asset-backed securities 48,080 4.2%
Mortgage-backed securities 205,067 18.0%
---------- -----
Total $1,141,392 100.0%
========== =====
The following table shows the distribution of the ratings assigned by
Standard & Poor's Corporation to the securities in our portfolio of fixed
maturity securities as of December 31, 2003 and 2002:
December 31, 2003 December 31, 2002
----------------------- -----------------------
(In thousands)
Carrying % of Carrying % of
Standard & Value Total Value Total
Poor's (Estimated Fixed (Estimated Fixed
Rating Fair Value) Investment Fair Value) Investment
- ------------- ----------- ---------- ----------- ----------
AAA $ 380,683 33.4% $ 389,447 41.6%
AA 123,752 10.8% 92,734 9.9%
A 475,056 41.6% 346,538 37.1%
BBB 153,540 13.5% 100,965 10.8%
BB 7,768 0.6% 2,124 0.2%
B 593 0.1% 2,747 0.3%
CCC and below - -% 395 0.1%
---------- ----- ---------- -----
Total $1,141,392 100.0% $ 934,950 100.0%
========== ===== ========== =====
At December 31, 2003, 99.3% of our fixed maturity investments were
rated "investment grade" compared to 99.4% as of December 31, 2002. "Investment
grade" securities are those rated "BBB-" or higher by Standard & Poor's
Corporation or "Baa3" or higher by Moody's Investors Service. We own
approximately $253.1 million of collateralized mortgage obligations secured by
residential mortgages and asset-backed securities, as of December 31, 2003
compared to $263.8 million, as of December 31, 2002, representing approximately
22.2% of our fixed maturity portfolio as of December 31, 2003 and 28.2% of our
fixed maturity portfolio as of December 31, 2002. Some classes of mortgage
backed securities are subject to significant prepayment risk, because in periods
of declining interest rates, mortgages may be repaid more rapidly than
scheduled, as individuals refinance higher rate mortgages to take advantage of
the lower rates. As a result, holders of mortgage backed securities may receive
higher prepayments on their investments, which they may not be able to reinvest
at an interest rate comparable to the rate paid on such mortgage backed
securities.
20
Fixed maturity securities with less than investment grade ratings had
aggregate carrying values of $8.4 million as of December 31, 2003 and $5.3
million as of December 31, 2002, amounting to 0.7% of total investments as of
December 31, 2003 and 0.6% of total investments as of December 31, 2002. These
securities represented 0.5% of total assets as of December 31, 2003 and 0.4% of
total assets as of December 31, 2002. Our holdings of less than investment grade
fixed maturity securities are diversified and the largest investment in any one
such security as of December 31, 2003 was $3.1 million, which was approximately
0.3% of total assets. We wrote down the value of certain of our fixed maturity
portfolio's securities, considered to have been subject to an
other-than-temporary decline in value, by $1.3 million in 2003 and $10.6 million
in 2002 (primarily as a result of the impairment of our WorldCom bonds, which
were disposed of in the third quarter of 2002 at a price approximating their
carrying value after the other-than-temporary decline was recognized). The
other-than-temporary impairments were included in net realized gains (losses) on
investments in our consolidated statements of operations.
INVESTMENT INCOME
Investment income is an important part of our total revenues and
profitability. We cannot predict the impact that changes in future interest
rates will have on our financial statements. The following table shows the
investment results of our total invested asset portfolio, for the three years
ended December 31, 2003:
Years Ended December 31,
---------------------------------------
2003 2002 2001
---------- ---------- ----------
(In thousands)
Total cash and invested assets, end of period $1,286,508 $ 999,902 $ 879,223
========== ========== ==========
Net investment income $ 61,075 $ 57,716 $ 57,812
========== ========== ==========
Yield on average cash and investments 5.3% 6.1% 6.8%
========== ========== ==========
Net realized investment gains (losses) on the
sale of securities (including other-than-
temporary declines in market value) $ 2,057 $ (5,083) $ 3,078
========== ========== ==========
REGULATION
General
Our insurance company subsidiaries, like other insurance companies, are
subject to the laws, regulations and supervision of the jurisdictions in which
they are domiciled. The purpose of those laws and regulations is primarily to
provide safeguards for policyholders rather than to protect the interest of
shareholders.
The following table sets forth the domiciles of our insurance company
subsidiaries.
FLORIDA
American Pioneer Life Insurance Company
Peninsular Life Insurance Company
NEW YORK
American Progressive Life & Health
Insurance Company of New York
KANSAS
Pyramid Life Insurance Company
PENNSYLVANIA
Pennsylvania Life Insurance Company
TEXAS
American Exchange Life Insurance Company
Constitution Life Insurance Company
Marquette National Life Insurance Company
Union Bankers Insurance Company
CANADA
Penncorp Life Insurance Company
21
Pennsylvania Life, Constitution Life, Union Bankers, American Pioneer
and American Progressive are subsidiaries of American Exchange. Pyramid Life is
a subsidiary of Pennsylvania Life. Marquette is a subsidiary of Constitution
Life. Peninsular Life is a subsidiary of American Pioneer.
Each of our insurance company subsidiaries is also subject to the
regulations and supervision by the insurance department of each of the
jurisdictions in which they are admitted and authorized to transact business.
Such regulations cover, among other things, the declaration and payment of
dividends by our insurance company subsidiaries, the setting of rates to be
charged for some types of insurance, the granting and revocation of licenses to
transact business, the licensing of agents, the regulation and monitoring of
market conduct and claims practices, the approval of forms, the establishment of
reserves and minimum surplus requirements, investment restrictions, the
regulation of maximum allowable commission rates, the mandating of some
insurance benefits, minimum capital and surplus levels, and the form and
accounting practices used to prepare financial statements required by statute. A
failure to comply with legal or regulatory restrictions may subject the
insurance company subsidiary to a loss of a right to engage in some businesses
or an obligation to pay fines or make restitution, which may affect our
profitability.
Most jurisdictions mandate minimum benefit standards and loss ratios
for accident and health insurance policies. Generally we are required to
maintain, with respect to our individual long term care policies, minimum
anticipated loss ratios over the entire period of coverage. With respect to our
Medicare Supplement policies, we are generally required to attain and maintain
an actual loss ratio, after three years, of not less than 65 percent of earned
premium. We provide, to the insurance departments of all states in which we
conduct business, annual calculations that demonstrate compliance with required
loss ratio standards for both long term care and Medicare Supplement insurance.
We prepare these calculations utilizing statutory lapse and interest rate
assumptions. In the event we fail to maintain minimum mandated loss ratios, our
insurance company subsidiaries could be required to provide retrospective
premium refunds or prospective premium rate reductions. We believe that our
insurance company subsidiaries currently comply with all applicable mandated
minimum loss ratios. In addition, we actively review the loss ratio experience
of our products and request approval for rate increases from the respective
insurance departments when we determine they are needed. We cannot guarantee
that we will receive the rate increases we request.
Under Federal and National Association of Insurance Commissioners
("NAIC") model regulations, adopted in substantially all states, there are
currently 12 standard Medicare Supplement plans (Plans A through J and High
Deductible Plans F and J). Plan A provides the least extensive coverage, while
Plan J provides the most extensive coverage. Under NAIC regulations, Medicare
Supplement insurers must offer Plan A, but may offer any of the other plans at
their option. The Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement and Modernization Act
of 2003 ("MPDIMA") authorizes two additional plans after December 2005 (Plans K
and L).
Every insurance company that is a member of an "insurance holding
company system" generally is required to register with the insurance regulatory
authorities in its domicile state and file periodic reports concerning its
relationships with its insurance holding company. Material transactions between
registered insurance companies and members of the holding company system are
required to be "fair and reasonable" and in some cases are subject to
administrative approval. The books, accounts and records of each party are
required to be maintained so as to clearly and accurately disclose the precise
nature and details of any such transactions.
Each of our insurance company subsidiaries is required to file detailed
reports with the insurance department of each jurisdiction in which it is
licensed to conduct business and its books and records are subject to
examination by each such insurance department. In accordance with the insurance
codes of their domiciliary states and the rules and practices of the NAIC, our
insurance company subsidiaries are examined periodically by examiners of each
company's domiciliary state with elective participation by representatives of
the other states in which they are licensed to do business. We have received the
report on the examination of American Pioneer as of December 31, 2002 from the
Florida Insurance Department, which included no adjustments. There are no
examinations currently in progress, however, we have received notification from
Kansas, New York and Texas Insurance Departments stating that they will be
performing examinations of Pyramid Life, American Progressive and American
Exchange during 2004.
22
Many states require deposits of assets by insurance companies for the
protection of policyholders either in those states or for all policyholders.
These deposited assets remain part of the total assets of the company. As of
December 31, 2003, securities totaling $44.1 million, representing approximately
3.8% of the carrying value of our total investments, were on deposit with
various state treasurers or custodians. As of December 31, 2002, securities
totaling $35.3 million, representing approximately 3.7% of total investments,
were on deposit. These deposits must consist of securities that comply with the
standards established by the particular state.
Penncorp Life (Canada), our Canadian domiciled subsidiary, is subject
to provincial regulation and supervision in each of the provinces of Canada in
which it conducts business. Provincial insurance regulation is concerned
primarily with the form of insurance contracts and the sale and marketing of
insurance and annuity products, including the licensing and supervision of
insurance marketing personnel. During the first quarter of 2002, the Canadian
business of the Branch of Pennsylvania Life was merged into Penncorp Life,
consolidating our Canadian operations into a single entity. This transaction was
approved by the Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions, in
Canada, and the Pennsylvania Department of Insurance.
Other Insurance Regulatory Changes
The NAIC and state insurance regulators in the United States are
involved in a process of re-examining existing laws and regulations and their
application to insurance companies. This re-examination has focused on insurance
company investment and solvency issues, risk-based capital guidelines,
assumption reinsurance, interpretations of existing laws, the development of new
laws, the interpretation of nonstatutory guidelines, and the circumstances under
which dividends may be paid. The NAIC has encouraged states to adopt model laws
on specific topics as follows:
- investment reserve requirements;
- risk-based capital standards;
- codification of insurance accounting principles;
- additional investment restrictions;
- restrictions on an insurance company's ability to pay dividends;
- product illustrations; and
- suitability of annuity sales to seniors.
The NAIC is currently developing new model laws or regulations,
including product design standards and reserve requirements. While the Federal
government currently does not regulate the insurance business directly, Federal
legislation and administrative policies in a number of areas, such as Medicare,
employee benefits regulation, age, sex and disability-based discrimination,
financial services regulation and Federal taxation, can significantly affect the
insurance business. It is not possible to predict the future impact of changing
regulation on our operations or the operations of our insurance company
subsidiaries.
Since 1993, New York State has required that all health insurance sold
to individuals and groups with less than 50 employees be offered on an open
enrollment and community rated basis. The community rating aspect of the law
prohibits the use of age, sex, health or occupational factors in rating and
requires that the same average rate be used for all persons with the same policy
residing in the same location. Such insurance may continue to be sold to groups
with more than 50 employees on an underwritten basis, with premium set to
reflect expected or actual results. The Medicare Supplement policies actively
marketed by American Progressive in New York State and some of its in force
business are subject to the community rating rules. Similar legislation is in
effect for certain products in other states. The extension of such legislation
to other states where we offer significant medically underwritten health
insurance might cause us to reconsider our health care coverage offerings in any
such state.
23
Long Term Care Rate Stabilization
In 2000, the NAIC adopted a model law intended to address the issue of
the rising cost of long term care insurance and other matters. The model law
includes provisions intended to assure that rates on long term care insurance
policies, under which the insurer reserves the right to increase premiums, are
initially set high enough to make such increases unlikely. These rate
stabilization laws have been adopted in a number of states. We are complying
with the laws as they are adopted by filing new policy forms and rates. Insurers
are now required to certify that rates will not be increased in moderately
adverse circumstances.
Dividend Restrictions
American Progressive is a New York insurance company. New York State
insurance law provides that the declaration or payment of a dividend by American
Progressive requires the approval of the New York Superintendent of Insurance.
Management expects that no dividend would be approved until American Progressive
had generated sufficient statutory profits to offset its negative unassigned
surplus.
Pennsylvania Life is a Pennsylvania insurance company, Pyramid Life is
a Kansas insurance company and American Exchange, Constitution, Marquette and
Union Bankers are Texas insurance companies. Pennsylvania, Kansas and Texas
insurance laws provide that a life insurer may pay dividends or make
distributions from accumulated earnings without the prior approval of the
Insurance Department, provided they do not exceed the greater of (i) 10% of the
insurer's surplus as to policyholders as of the preceding December 31; or (ii)
the insurer's net gain from operations for the immediately preceding calendar
year with 30 days advance notification to the insurance department. Accordingly,
Pennsylvania Life would be able to pay ordinary dividends of up to $10.6 million
and Constitution would be able to pay $2.3 million to American Exchange (their
direct parent) without the prior approval from the Pennsylvania or Texas
Insurance Departments in 2004. Pyramid Life would be able to pay ordinary
dividends of up to $2.2 million to Pennsylvania Life (its direct parent) without
the prior approval from the Kansas Insurance Department and Marquette would be
able to pay ordinary dividends of up to $0.2 million to Constitution (its direct
parent) without the prior approval from the Texas Insurance Department in 2004.
American Exchange and Union Bankers had negative earned surplus at December 31,
2003 and would not be able to pay dividends in 2004 without special approval.
Texas companies are also required to have positive "earned surplus", as defined
by Texas regulations, which differs from statutory unassigned surplus.
American Pioneer and Peninsular are Florida insurance companies.
Florida insurance law provides that a life insurer may pay a dividend or make a
distribution without the prior written approval of the department when certain
conditions are met. American Pioneer had negative unassigned surplus at December
31, 2003 and would not be able to pay dividends in 2004 without special
approval.
Penncorp Life (Canada) is a Canadian insurance company. Canadian law
provides that a life insurer may pay a dividend after such dividend declaration
has been approved by its board of directors and upon at least 10 days prior
notification to the Superintendent of Financial Institutions. Such a dividend is
limited to retained net income (based on Canadian GAAP) for the preceding two
years, plus net income earned for the current year. In considering approval of a
dividend, the board of directors must consider whether the payment of such
dividend would be in contravention of the Insurance Companies Act of Canada.
During the first quarter of 2004, Penncorp Life (Canada) paid dividends of
C$26.7 million (approximately US$20.0 million) to Universal American in 2004.
Accordingly, we anticipate that Penncorp (Canada) will be able to pay dividends
equal to its net income earned during 2004.
Dividends Paid
During the year ended December 31, 2003, no dividends were declared or
paid by the U.S. insurance company subsidiaries to American Exchange. Penncorp
Life (Canada) paid dividends to Universal American totaling $8.1 million during
2003. CHCS Services, Inc. also paid dividends to Universal American totaling
$8.5 million in 2003.
24
During the year ended December 31, 2002, Pennsylvania Life paid
ordinary dividends to American Exchange totaling $3.0 million. Penncorp Life
(Canada) paid dividends to Universal American totaling $5.9 million during 2002.
CHCS Services, Inc. also paid dividends to Universal American totaling $9.1
million in 2002.
During the year ended December 31, 2001, Union Bankers paid an ordinary
dividend to American Exchange of $1.7 million. Union Bankers also distributed
its investment in the common stock of Marquette to American Exchange in the form
of an extraordinary dividend. Additionally, Peninsular paid an extraordinary
dividend of $1.9 million to American Pioneer in 2001. CHCS Services, Inc. also
paid dividends to Universal American totaling $9.3 million in 2001.
Capital Contributed
During 2003, Universal American contributed $26.0 million in capital
through American Exchange to Pennsylvania Life for the purchase of Pyramid Life,
and $9.5 million through American Exchange to its other domestic insurance
subsidiaries to support growth and maintain capital levels. Pennsylvania Life
contributed $1.0 million to Pyramid Life in 2003.
Universal American contributed $4.2 million in capital to its U.S.
insurance subsidiaries during 2002. Another $10.0 million was contributed to
American Exchange during 2002 in exchange for a corresponding reduction in the
surplus note.
During 2001, Universal American contributed $11.4 million in capital to
its U.S. insurance subsidiaries.
Risk-Based Capital and Minimum Capital Requirements
The NAIC's risk-based capital requirements for insurance companies
adopted by state regulators take into account asset risks, interest rate risks,
mortality and morbidity risks and other relevant risks with respect to the
insurer's business and specify varying degrees of regulatory action to occur to
the extent that an insurer does not meet the specified risk-based capital
thresholds, with increasing degrees of regulatory scrutiny or intervention
provided for companies in categories of lesser risk-based capital compliance.
Our Canadian domiciled subsidiary, Penncorp Life (Canada), is subject to minimum
continuing capital and surplus requirements, which Canadian regulators use to
assess financial strength and to determine when regulatory intervention is
needed. As of December 31, 2003 all of our U.S. insurance company subsidiaries
maintained ratios of total adjusted capital to risk-based capital in excess of
the authorized control level and Penncorp Life (Canada) maintained minimum
continuing capital and surplus requirement ratios in excess of minimum
requirements. However, should our insurance company subsidiaries' risk-based
capital position decline in the future, their ability to pay dividends, required
capital contributions from Universal American and the degree of regulatory
supervision or control to which they are subjected might be affected.
Guaranty Association Assessments
Our insurance company subsidiaries can be required, under solvency or
guaranty laws of most jurisdictions in which they do business, to pay
assessments to fund policyholder losses or liabilities of unaffiliated insurance
companies that become insolvent. These assessments may be deferred or forgiven
under most solvency or guaranty laws if they would threaten an insurer's
financial strength and, in most instances, may be offset against future premium
taxes. The insurance company subsidiaries provide for known and expected
insolvency assessments based on information provided by the National
Organization of Life & Health Guaranty Associations. Our insurance company
subsidiaries have not incurred any significant costs of this nature. The
likelihood and amount of any future assessments is unknown and is beyond our
control.
25
Recent Medicare Reform Legislation
In 2003 Congress passed significant Medicare reform legislation, the
Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003
("MPDIMA"). There are several components to the bill that may have an impact on
our Medicare Supplement business, but there are two fundamental components that
will be most relevant. First, the bill establishes a prescription drug benefit
under Medicare ("Part D") and a mechanism for private insurers to offer this
program. Second, the bill contains significant incentives designed to improve
current Medicare+Choice (now to be known as Medicare Advantage) plans, and to
encourage new Medicare Advantage plans to enter the market on a favorable basis.
The legislation may create some downward pressure on our Medicare
Supplement sales starting in 2004, largely because the increased government
reimbursements for managed care plans will encourage HMOs to add benefits to
existing plans or add new plans, in more jurisdictions. In addition, an increase
in the market acceptance of Medicare Advantage plans may adversely affect our
persistency. Nevertheless, we believe that many seniors will continue to want
full choice and non-restricted access, as opposed to managed care plans, and we
believe that Medicare Supplement and Medicare Select plans will remain viable
options under the new legislation.
Health Care Reform
From time to time, numerous proposals have been considered, and in some
cases enacted, in Congress and the state legislatures to reform aspects of the
health care financing system.
The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996
("HIPAA"), a significant federal health care financing reform, restricted the
ability of insurers to utilize medical underwriting and pre-existing condition
provisions in health insurance policies issued to persons who were previously
insured under qualifying policies. These changes affect only a small part of the
coverages we write, but may have an adverse effect on them. HIPAA also mandates
the adoption of standards for the exchange of electronic health information and
privacy requirements that govern the handling, use and disclosure of protected
customer health information, which became effective in stages in 2003. We have
implemented policies and procedures to comply with the Privacy and Electronic
Data Interchange and Code Sets rules. We anticipate that we will meet the HIPPA
Security Rule changes that will become effective in 2005, many of which have
been implemented with the Privacy portion of HIPPA.
Some states have enacted, and others states are considering, small
group insurance and rating reforms, which generally limit the ability of
insurers and health plans to use risk selection as a method of controlling costs
for small group businesses. These laws may generally limit or eliminate use of
pre-existing condition exclusions, experience rating, and industry class rating
and limit the amount of rate increases from year to year.
Congress and various states are considering some form of the "Patients'
Bill of Rights." This legislation, if enacted, is designed to provide consumers
more freedom of choice in the selection of doctors, facilities, and treatments.
Although the bill was originally conceived to regulate health maintenance
organizations, it will affect all facets of the nation's health care delivery
system, including insurers. The pending federal legislation, known as the
Bipartisan Patient Protection Act of 2001:
- requires a more stringent timeframe for claims review and
processing, utilization review and internal and external
appeals processes;
- provides that insureds have greater access to non-formulary
drugs, clinical trials, physicians, specialists and emergency
care; and
- allows insureds to bring suit after exhaustion of the
administrative appeals process.
These changes, if enacted, are expected to result in higher total medical costs,
which could encourage more partnerships and associations between medical
providers and insurers to control costs, more community-based health
organizations, and greater use of higher deductibles to lower insurance costs
and reduce administrative expenses of smaller claims.
26
Proposals for further federal reforms have included, among other things,
restricting coverage of deductible and co-payments on Medicare Supplement
policies, coverage to persons under age 65 and employer-based insurance systems,
subsidizing premiums for lower income people and programs, regulating policy
availability, affordability of public and private programs standardization of
major medical or long term care coverages, imposing mandated or target loss
ratios or rate regulation, and requiring the use of community rating or other
means that further limit the ability of insurers to differentiate among risks,
or mandating utilization review or other managed care concepts to determine what
benefits would be paid by insurers.
In addition to federal regulation, many states have enacted, or are
considering, various health care reform statutes. These proposed reforms relate
to, among other things, managed care practices, such as waiting period
restrictions on pre-existing conditions, credit for certain prior coverage, and
limitations on rate increases and guaranteed renewability for small business
plans and policies for individuals. Most states have also enacted patient
confidentiality laws that prohibit the disclosure of confidential medical
information, some of which, as permitted by HIPAA, are more restrictive than
HIPAA's rules protecting health information privacy.
These or other reform proposals could necessitate revisions in our
Medicare supplement products could increase or decrease the level of competition
among health care insurers and could significantly affect our health insurance
business, although it is not possible to predict which proposals will be adopted
and what their effect will be.
Other potential initiatives, designed to tax insurance premiums or
shift medical care costs from government to private insurers, could affect our
business, perhaps adversely.
Other Changes in Legislation
Effective October 1, 2003, the Federal Government removed the exemption
for insurance companies as it relates to "Do Not Call" regulations. Insurance
companies are now required to develop their own "Do Not Call" lists and
reference state and Federal Do Not Call Registries, before making calls to
market insurance products. Approximately two thirds of the country's residential
telephone numbers are on the Federal registry, which could limit the marketing
calls made and potentially negatively impact sales.
The Federal government has drafted the portion of the USA PATRIOT Act
that will apply to insurance companies. It is expected to become effective in
mid 2004. Insurance companies will have to impose tighter processes and
procedures to more thoroughly verify its applicants, insureds, claimants, and
premium payers in an effort to prevent money laundering.
In September 2003, the NAIC adopted the Senior Protection in Annuity
Transaction Model Regulation. It is expected that most states will adopt the
regulation swiftly. The Model regulation imposes additional obligations on
insurance producers and their supervisors relating to annuity sales to customers
age 65 and over. The burden of demonstrating suitability of the recommended
annuity is that of the producer with oversight responsibilities imposed on the
producer's supervisor and the insurer. We are developing guidelines to
distribute to our sales forces to assist in complying with the regulations.
Since insurance is a regulated business with a high public profile, it
is always possible that legislation may be enacted which would have an adverse
effect on our business.
A portion of our insurance business is the sale of deferred annuities
and life insurance products, which are attractive to purchasers in part because
policyholders generally are not subject to Federal income tax on increases in
the value of an annuity or life and health insurance contract until some form of
distribution is made from the contract. From time to time, Congress has
considered proposals to reduce or eliminate the tax advantages of annuities and
life insurance, which, if enacted, might have an adverse effect on our ability
to sell the affected products in the future. We are not aware that Congress is
actively considering any legislation that would reduce or eliminate the tax
advantages of annuities or life or health insurance. However, it is possible
that the tax treatment of annuities or life or health insurance products could
change by legislation or other means, such as Internal Revenue Service
regulations or judicial decisions.
27
Other potential changes in insurance and tax laws and regulations could
also have a material adverse effect on the operations of insurance companies.
Examples of potential regulatory developments that could have a material adverse
effect on the operation of the insurance industry include, but are not limited
to, the potential repeal of the McCarran-Ferguson Act, which exempts insurance
companies from a variety of Federal regulatory requirements. In addition, the
administration of insurance regulations is typically vested in state agencies
that have broad powers and are concerned primarily with the protection of
policyholders.
EMPLOYEES
As of February 27, 2004, we employed approximately 900 employees, none
of whom is represented by a labor union in such employment. We consider our
relations with our employees to be good.
AVAILABLE INFORMATION
We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and
other documents with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") under
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Exchange Act"). The SEC maintains an
Internet website that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and
other information regarding issuers, including us, that file electronically with
the SEC. The public can obtain any documents that we file with the SEC at
http://www.sec.gov.
We also make available free of charge, on or through its Internet
website (http://www.uafc.com), our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports
on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed
or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act as soon as
reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or
furnish it to, the SEC.
Shareholders may receive, without charge, a copy of the documents filed
with the Securities and Exchange Commission as exhibits to this report by
submitting a written request to Universal American Financial Corp., Director,
Shareholder Relations, Six International Drive, Rye Brook, NY 10573-1068, by
calling 914-934-5200, or by completing and submitting the information request
form in the Request Info page of our website.
ITEM 2 - PROPERTIES
Our executive offices are in Rye Brook, New York. Marketing and
professional staff for our U.S. insurance subsidiaries occupy space in Orlando,
Florida. Our Canadian operations are located in Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.
Our Administrative Services operations occupy office space in Pensacola and
Weston Florida. We lease all of the approximately 189,000 square feet of office
space that we occupy. Management considers its office facilities suitable and
adequate for the current level of operations.
In addition to the above, Pennsylvania Life and Penncorp Life (Canada)
is the named lessee on approximately 57 properties occupied by Career Agents for
use as field offices. Rent for these field offices is reimbursed by the agents.
28
ITEM 3 - LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We have litigation in the ordinary course of our business, including
claims for medical, disability and life insurance benefits, and in some cases,
seeking punitive damages. Management and counsel believe that after reserves and
liability insurance recoveries, none of these will have a material adverse
effect on us.
A lawsuit was commenced in 2002 against Universal American, American
Progressive and Richard A. Barasch by Marvin Barasch, a former Chairman of
American Progressive and Universal American. The five counts in the lawsuit
primarily arose out of Marvin Barasch's employment with the Company and included
personal claims against Richard Barasch. In July 2003 all of the counts were
dismissed, except for the allegation of age discrimination under New York State
law. In December, 2003, the company entered into a settlement agreement and
general release with Marvin Barasch pursuant to which Marvin Barasch was paid
$0.3 million in full settlement of the allegations. The payment was covered, in
part, by our employment practices liability insurance.
ITEM 4 - SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
There were no matters submitted by us to a vote of stockholders,
through the solicitation of proxies or otherwise, during the fourth quarter of
the fiscal year for which this report is filed.
PART II
ITEM 5 - MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
PRICE RANGE OF PUBLICLY TRADED SECURITIES
Our common stock is quoted on the NASDAQ National Market under the
symbol "UHCO". The following table sets forth the high and low sales prices per
share of our common stock for the periods indicated.
Common Stock
------------------
High Low
------- -------
2002
First Quarter $ 6.99 $ 5.61
Second Quarter 7.89 6.24
Third Quarter 7.10 4.90
Fourth Quarter 7.27 3.84
2003
First Quarter $ 6.06 $ 5.20
Second Quarter 6.99 5.60
Third Quarter 9.40 5.95
Fourth Quarter 12.45 8.50
2004
First Quarter through February 27 $ 10.65 $ 9.36
As of February 27, 2004, there were approximately 1,676 holders of
record of our common stock. On February 27, 2004, the closing bid and ask sales
prices for our common stock were $10.49 and $10.52.
29
DIVIDENDS
We have neither declared nor paid dividends on our common stock and we
are currently prohibited from paying dividends to stockholders under our current
credit agreement. There are also various legal limitations governing the extent
to which the Company's insurance subsidiaries may extend credit, pay dividends
or otherwise provide funds to Universal American. Any future decision to pay
dividends will be made by our board of directors in light of conditions then
existing, including our results of operations, financial condition and
requirements, loan covenants, insurance regulatory restrictions, business
conditions and other factors. In addition, our ability to pay cash dividends, if
and when we should wish to do so, may depend on the ability of our subsidiaries
to pay dividends to our holding company and on compliance with the covenants in
our credit facility. See "Regulation - Dividend Restrictions."
SALES OF SECURITIES NOT REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT
During our fiscal quarters ended March 31, 2003 and June 30, 2003, we
issued shares of our Common Stock on the dates and in the amounts set forth
below to our employees, as stock awards for performance rendered to us pursuant
to our stock bonus plan. Each of these shares was reissued from our treasury
stock. No proceeds were received by us in connection with the issuance of such
shares. Each of these issuances was exempt from registration under the
Securities Act pursuant to Section 4(2) thereof. The issuances did not involve
any public offering and each employee received shares that had legends to
indicate that such shares are not registered under the Securities Act and can
not be transferred in the absence of such a registration or an exemption from
registration. Each employee who received such shares is a member of our
management.
Date of Number
Issuance of Shares
January 15, 2003 7,721
April 1, 2003 181,914
30
In addition, during our fiscal quarters ended March 31, 2003 and June
30, 2003, we issued shares of our Common Stock on the dates and in the amounts
set forth below to our directors, employees and agents who had exercised options
previously granted pursuant to our employee and/or agent stock award plans. No
proceeds were received by us in connection with the issuance of such shares
other than payment of the exercise price pursuant to the applicable option
award. These issuances were made inadvertently without an effective registration
under the Securities Act because the registration statement on Form S-2 under
which the shares were registered (the "Form S-2") had not been updated. On
October 20, 2003, we filed a post-effective amendment to the Form S-2 to
reallocate certain shares among our stock award plans and to update the
registration statement as required to bring it into technical compliance. Such
post-effective amendment has been declared effective by the Securities and
Exchange Commission. During the period in which the Form S-2 was not updated, we
were current in all our reporting obligations under the Securities and Exchange
Act of 1934.
Date of Number
Issuance of Shares
January 9, 2003 1,500
January 13, 2003 1,500
January 14, 2003 8,000
January 14, 2003 3,500
February 5, 2003 2,200
March 5, 2003 1,300
March 14, 2003 1,100
March 14, 2003 18,400
March 18, 2003 20,600
March 18, 2003 1,400
April 2, 2003 1,400
May 21, 2003 16,000
May 21, 2003 9,000
May 21, 2003 10,000
May 23, 2003 5,000
May 28, 2003 75,000
May 28, 2003 10,000
May 29, 2003 7,000
June 2, 2003 5,000
June 2, 2003 5,000
June 3, 2003 1,000
June 5, 2003 162,000
June 12, 2003 7,886
June 12, 2003 4,500
June 20, 2003 20,000
June 27, 2003 1,000
-------
Total 401,886
=======
31
EQUITY COMPENSATION PLANS
The following table sets forth information relating to equity
securities authorized for issuance under the Company's equity compensation plans
as of December 31, 2003:
NUMBER OF WEIGHTED-AVERAGE NUMBER OF SECURITIES
SECURITIES TO EXERCISE REMAINING AVAILABLE
BE ISSUED UPON PRICE OF FOR FUTURE ISSUANCE
EXERCISE OF OUTSTANDING UNDER EQUITY
OUTSTANDING OPTIONS, COMPENSATION PLANS
OPTIONS, WARRANTS WARRANTS (EXCLUDING SECURITIES
PLAN CATEGORY AND RIGHTS AND RIGHTS REFLECTED IN COLUMN (a))
- ------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- ---------------------
(a) (b) (c)
Equity compensation plans
approved by security holders 5,458,305(1) $ 4.18 357,586(2)
Equity compensation plans not
approved by security holders 201,124(3) $ 3.98 0(4)
--------- ---------------- ---------
Total 5,659,429 $ 4.17 357,586
========= ================ =========
- ------------------
(1) Consists of shares of Universal American Financial Corp. Common Stock to be
issued upon the exercise of options granted pursuant to the Company's 1998
Incentive Compensation Plan approved by the Company's stockholders.
(2) Securities remaining available for issuance under the 1998 Incentive
Compensation Plan. See below for a description of the plan. Shares may also
be issued in connection with stock appreciation rights, restricted stock
and other awards.
(3) Consists of shares of Universal American Financial Corp. Common Stock to be
issued upon the exercise of options granted pursuant to the Career Agent
Stock Plan and the Regional Equity Plan For Career Agency Managers filed on
Form S-2. See below for a description of the Plans.
(4) Plan terminated as of December 31, 2001.
INCENTIVE STOCK OPTION PLAN
On May 28, 1998, the Company's shareholders approved its 1998 Incentive
Compensation Plan (the "1998 ICP"). The 1998 ICP superseded the Company's
Incentive Stock Option Plan, which had been approved by the shareholders in
April 1983 and amended in May 1987, June 1989, June 1994 and June 1995. Options
previously granted under the Company's Incentive Stock Option Plan will remain
outstanding in accordance with their terms and the terms of the respective
plans. The 1998 ICP provides for grants of stock options as well as stock
appreciation rights ("SARs"), restricted stock, deferred stock, other
stock-related awards, and performance or annual incentive awards that may be
settled in cash, stock, or other property ("Awards"). Executive officers,
directors, and other officers and employees of the Company or any subsidiary, as
well as other persons who provide services to the Company or any subsidiary, are
eligible to be granted Awards under the 1998 ICP. Under the 1998 ICP and the
previous Incentive Stock Option Plan, stock options ("Incentive Stock Options")
are granted to provide an additional means of providing incentive to executives
and other "key salaried employees" of the Company (which is defined under
section 422A of the Internal Revenue Code as employees of the Company and its
subsidiaries).
Within the limits of the 1998 ICP, the Company's Board of Directors, in
its discretion, determines the participants, the number of options to be granted
and the purchase price and terms of each option. The price for the shares
covered by each option is required to be not less than 100% of the fair market
value at the date of grant. Options generally expire ten years from the date of
grant or termination and become exercisable in installments as determined by the
Board of Directors commencing one year after date of grant.
32
CAREER AGENTS STOCK PLAN AND REGIONAL EQUITY PLAN FOR CAREER AGENCY MANAGERS
In connection with the acquisition of the Pennsylvania Life, the
Company adopted additional stock option plans for agents and regional managers
of the Career segment. The Career agents and managers were eligible to earn
stock and stock options based on new premium production at predetermined
exercise prices. A total of 1,486,730 shares were eligible for award under this
plan, which ended at December 31, 2001. Options and stock awarded to agents
under this plan cliff vest 24 months after the end of the year of option grant
and expire at the earliest of the termination date as an agent or 30 days after
the option becomes exercisable.
Information regarding our equity compensation plans is incorporated by
reference to our definitive proxy statement to be filed pursuant to Regulation
14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 within 120 days after the end of
our fiscal year ended December 31, 2003.
ITEM 6 - SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
As of or for the year ended December 31,
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
2003 (4) 2002 2001 2000 (3) 1999 (2)
----------- ----------- --------- --------- ---------
(in thousands, except per share data)
INCOME STATEMENT DATA:
Direct premium and policyholder fees $ 700,415 $ 586,686 $ 513,575 $ 451,323 $ 252,553
Reinsurance premium assumed 27,042 5,075 2,549 3,055 1,751
Reinsurance premium ceded (280,489) (325,184) (286,918) (234,625) (138,827)
----------- ----------- --------- --------- ---------
Net premium and other policyholder fees 446,968 266,577 229,206 219,753 115,477
Net investment income 61,075 57,716 57,812 56,945 29,313
Realized gains (losses) 2,057 (5,083) 3,078 146 (241)
Fee and other income 12,648 12,313 10,847 7,247 3,587
----------- ----------- --------- --------- ---------
Total revenues 522,748 331,523 300,943 284,091 148,136
Total benefits, claims and other deductions 456,269 287,493 257,580 251,025 132,080
----------- ----------- --------- --------- ---------
Income before taxes 66,479 44,030 43,363 33,066 16,056
Net income after taxes 43,052 30,127 28,925 22,885 9,813
Net income applicable to common
shareholders (1) 43,052 30,127 28,925 22,885 9,633
PER SHARE DATA:
Net income applicable to common
shareholders (1):
Basic $ 0.80 $ 0.57 $ 0.58 $ 0.49 $ 0.42
Diluted $ 0.78 $ 0.56 $ 0.57 $ 0.49 $ 0.34
Book value per share $ 6.41 $ 5.42 $ 4.38 $ 3.72 $ 2.92
33
As of December 31,
--------------------------------------------------------------
2003 2002 2001 2000 1999
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
BALANCE SHEET DATA: (In thousands, except per share data)
Total cash and investments $1,286,508 $ 999,902 $ 879,223 $ 824,930 $ 812,297
Total assets 1,780,948 1,401,668 1,270,216 1,189,864 1,153,421
Policyholder related liabilities 1,251,055 993,686 914,073 884,011 877,347
Outstanding bank debt 38,172 50,775 61,475 69,650 70,000
Trust preferred securities 75,000 15,000 - - -
Total stockholders' equity 345,738 286,769 230,770 173,949 133,965
DATA REPORTED TO REGULATORS (5):
Statutory capital and surplus $ 179,028 $ 129,679 $ 123,285 $ 101,367 $ 105,281
Asset valuation reserve 1,542 858 3,985 5,384 5,585
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Adjusted capital and surplus $ 180,570 $ 130,537 $ 127,270 $ 106,751 $ 110,866
========== ========== ========== ========== ==========
- ------------------
(1) After provision for Series C Preferred Stock dividends of $180 for the year
ended December 31, 1999.
(2) Includes the results of the companies acquired in the 1999 acquisition,
since their acquisition on July 30, 1999.
(3) Includes the results of American Insurance Administration Group, Inc. since
its acquisition on January 6, 2000, and Capitated Health Care Services,
Inc. since its acquisition on August 10, 2000.
(4) Includes the results of Pyramid Life since its acquisition on March 31,
2003,
(5) Includes capital and surplus of Penncorp Life (Canada) of C$82,907 as of
December 31, 2003, C$59,724 as of December 31, 2002, C$32,314 as of
December 31, 2001, C$30,421 as of December 31, 2000 and C$31,531 as of
December 31, 1999, as reported to the Office of the Superintendent of
Financial Institutions Canada, converted at the related exchange rates of
C$0.7654 per U.S. $1.00 as of December 31, 2003, C$0.6377 per U.S. $1.00 as
of December 31, 2002, C$0.6261 per U.S. $1.00 as of December 31, 2001,
C$0.6671 per U.S. $1.00 as of December 31, 2000, and C$0.6900 per U.S.
$1.00 as of December 31, 1999.
34
ITEM 7 - MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS
OF OPERATIONS
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Certain statements in this report or incorporated by reference into
this report and oral statements made from time to time by our representatives
constitute "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private
Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements are
statements not based on historical information. They relate to future
operations, strategies, financial results or other developments. In particular,
statements using verbs such as "expect," "anticipate," "believe," "estimate,"
"plan," "intend" or similar words generally involve forward-looking statements.
Forward-looking statements include statements about development and distribution
of our products, investment spreads or yields, the impact of proposed or
completed acquisitions, the adequacy of reserves or the earnings or
profitability of our activities. Forward-looking statements are based upon
estimates and assumptions that are subject to significant business, economic and
competitive uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control and are subject
to change. These uncertainties can affect actual results and could cause actual
results to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking
statements. Whether or not actual results differ materially from forward-looking
statements may depend on numerous foreseeable and unforeseeable risks and
uncertainties, some of which relate particularly to our business, such as our
ability to set adequate premium rates and maintain adequate reserves, our
ability to compete effectively and our ability to grow our business through
internal growth as well as through acquisitions. Other risks and uncertainties
may be related to the insurance industry generally or the overall economy, such
as regulatory developments, industry consolidation and general economic
conditions and interest rates. We disclaim any obligation to update
forward-looking statements.
INTRODUCTION
The following analysis of our consolidated results of operations and
financial condition should be read in conjunction with the consolidated
financial statements and related consolidated footnotes included elsewhere.
We own ten insurance companies (collectively, the "Insurance
Subsidiaries"): American Progressive Life & Health Insurance Company of New York
("American Progressive"), American Pioneer Life Insurance Company ("American
Pioneer"), American Exchange Life Insurance Company ("American Exchange"),
Constitution Life Insurance Company ("Constitution"), Marquette National Life
Insurance Company ("Marquette"), Peninsular Life Insurance Company
("Peninsular"), Pennsylvania Life Insurance Company ("Pennsylvania Life"),
Penncorp Life Insurance Company ("Penncorp Life (Canada)"), Pyramid Life
Insurance Company ("Pyramid Life") and Union Bankers Insurance Company ("Union
Bankers"). Collectively, our insurance company subsidiaries are licensed to sell
life and accident and health insurance in all fifty states, the District of
Columbia and all the provinces of Canada. In addition to our insurance company
subsidiaries, we own a third party administrator, CHCS Services, Inc., that
administers senior market business for more than 48 unaffiliated insurance
companies, and also administers such business for our own companies. Pyramid
Life was acquired on March 31, 2003 and its operating results prior to the date
of acquisition are not included in Universal American's consolidated results of
operations.
OVERVIEW
Our principal business segments are: Career Agency, Senior Market
Brokerage and Administrative Services. We also report the activities of our
holding company in a separate segment. Reclassifications have been made to
conform prior year amounts to the current year presentation. A description of
our segments follows:
35
CAREER AGENCY -- The Career Agency segment is comprised of the
operations of Pennsylvania Life, Penncorp Life (Canada), and, beginning
March 31, 2003, Pyramid Life. Pennsylvania Life and Pyramid Life
operate in the United States, while Penncorp Life (Canada) operates
exclusively in Canada. This segment's products include Medicare
Supplement/Select, other supplemental senior health insurance, fixed
benefit accident and sickness disability insurance, life insurance, and
annuities and are distributed by career agents who are under contract
with Pennsylvania Life, Pyramid Life or Penncorp Life (Canada).
SENIOR MARKET BROKERAGE -- This segment includes the operations of
American Pioneer, American Progressive, Constitution and Union Bankers
that distribute senior market products through non-exclusive general
agency and brokerage distribution systems. The products include
Medicare Supplement/Select, long term care, senior life insurance and
annuities.
ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES -- CHCS Services, Inc. acts as a third party
administrator and service provider for both affiliated and unaffiliated
insurance companies, primarily with respect to senior market insurance
products and non-insurance products. The services provided include
policy underwriting and issuance, telephone and face-to-face
verification, policyholder services, claims adjudication, case
management, care assessment and referral to health care facilities.
CORPORATE -- This segment reflects the activities of our holding
company, including the payment of interest on our debt, certain senior
executive compensation, and the expense of being a public company.
Intersegment revenues and expenses are reported on a gross basis in
each of the operating segments. These intersegment revenue and expenses
affect the amounts reported on the individual financial statement line
items, but are eliminated in consolidation and do not change operating
income before taxes. The significant items eliminated include
intersegment revenue and expense relating to services performed by the
Administrative Services segment for the Career Agency and Senior Market
Brokerage segments and interest on notes issued by the Corporate
segment to the other operating segments.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance
with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("GAAP"). The
preparation of our financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to
make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts of assets and liabilities
and disclosures of assets and liabilities reported by us at the date of the
financial statements and the revenues and expenses reported during the reporting
period. In developing these estimates, management makes subjective and complex
judgments that are inherently uncertain and subject to material change as facts
and circumstances develop. Although variability is inherent in these estimates,
management believes the amounts provided are appropriate based upon the facts
available upon compilation of the financial statements. As additional
information becomes available or actual amounts become determinable, the
recorded estimates may be revised and reflected in operating results. Actual
results could differ from those estimates. We have identified the following
accounts that involve a higher degree of judgment and are subject to a
significant degree of variability: include policy related liabilities, deferred
policy acquisition costs, present value of future profits and other amortizing
intangibles, valuation of certain investments and income taxes.
36
Policy related liabilities
We calculate and maintain reserves for the estimated future payment of
claims to our policyholders using the same actuarial assumptions that we use in
the pricing of our products. For our accident and health insurance business, we
establish an active life reserve plus a liability for due and unpaid claims,
claims in the course of settlement and incurred but not reported claims, as well
as a reserve for the present value of amounts not yet due on claims. Many
factors can affect these reserves and liabilities, such as economic and social
conditions, inflation, hospital and pharmaceutical costs, changes in doctrines
of legal liability and extra contractual damage awards. Therefore, the reserves
and liabilities we establish are based on extensive estimates, assumptions and
prior years' statistics. When we acquire other insurance companies or blocks of
insurance, our assessment of the adequacy of transferred policy liabilities is
subject to similar estimates and assumptions. Establishing reserves is an
uncertain process, and it is possible that actual claims will materially exceed
our reserves and have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and
financial condition. Our net income depends significantly upon the extent to
which our actual claims experience is consistent with the assumptions we used in
setting our reserves and pricing our policies. If our assumptions with respect
to future claims are incorrect, and our reserves are insufficient to cover our
actual losses and expenses, we would be required to increase our liabilities
resulting in reduced net income and shareholders' equity.
Deferred policy acquisition costs
The cost of acquiring new business, principally non-level commissions
and agency production, underwriting, policy issuance, and associated costs, all
of which vary with, and are primarily related to the production of new and
renewal business, have been deferred. For interest-sensitive life and annuity
products, these costs are being amortized in relation to the present value of
expected gross profits on the policies arising principally from investment,
mortality and expense margins in accordance with SFAS No. 97, "Accounting and
Reporting by Insurance Enterprises for Certain Long-Duration Contracts and for
Realized Gains and Losses from the Sale of Investments". For other life and
health products, these costs are amortized in proportion to premium revenue
using the same assumptions used in estimating the liabilities for future policy
benefits in accordance with SFAS No. 60, "Accounting and Reporting by Insurance
Enterprises."
The determination of expected gross profits for intrest-sensitive
products is an inherently uncertain process that relies on assumptions including
projected interest rates, the persistency of the policies issued as well as
anticipated benefits, commissions and expenses. It is possible that the actual
profits from the business will vary materially from the assumptions used in the
determination and amortization of deferred acquisition costs. Deferred policy
acquisition costs are written off to the extent that it is determined that
future policy premiums and investment income or gross profits would not be
adequate to cover related losses and expenses.
Present Value of Future Profits and other Intangibles
Business combinations accounted for as a purchase result in the
allocation of the purchase consideration to the fair values of the assets and
liabilities acquired, including the present value of future profits,
establishing such fair values as the new accounting basis. The present value of
future profits is based on an estimate of the cash flows of the in force
business acquired, discounted to reflect the present value of those cash flows.
The discount rate selected depends upon the general market conditions at the
time of the acquisition and the inherent risk in the transaction. Purchase
consideration in excess of the fair value of net assets acquired, including the
present value of future profits and other identified intangibles, for a specific
acquisition, is allocated to goodwill. Allocation of purchase price is performed
in the period in which the purchase is consummated. Adjustments, if any, in
subsequent periods relate to resolution of pre-acquisition contingencies and
refinements made to estimates of fair value in connection with the preliminary
allocation.
Amortization of present value of future profits is based upon the
pattern of the projected cash flows of the in-force business acquired, over
periods ranging from ten to forty years. Other identified intangibles are
amortized over their estimated lives. Prior to December 31, 2001, goodwill was
amortized on a straight-line basis over periods ranging from twenty to thirty
years. Subsequent to December 31,
37
2001, goodwill is no longer amortized; see "Adoption of New Accounting
Pronouncements" below.
On a periodic basis, management reviews the unamortized balances of
present value of future profits, goodwill and other identified intangibles to
determine whether events or circumstances indicate the carrying value of such
assets is not recoverable, in which case an impairment charge would be
recognized. Management believes that no impairments of present value of future
profits, goodwill or other identified intangibles existed as of December 31,
2003.
Investment valuation
Fair value of investments is based upon quoted market prices, where
available, or on values obtained from independent pricing services. For certain
mortgage and asset-backed securities, the determination of fair value is based
primarily upon the amount and timing of expected future cash flows of the
security. Estimates of these cash flows are based upon current economic
conditions, past credit loss experience and other circumstances.
We regularly evaluate the amortized cost of our investments compared to
the fair value of those investments. Impairments of securities generally are
recognized when a decline in fair value below the amortized cost basis is
considered to be other-than-temporary. Generally, we consider a decline in fair
value to be other-than-temporary when the fair value of an individual security
is below amortized cost for an extended period and we do not believe that
recovery in fair value is probable. Impairment losses for certain mortgage and
asset-backed securities are recognized when an adverse change in the amount or
timing of estimated cash flows occurs, unless the adverse change is solely a
result of changes in estimated market interest rates. The cost basis for
securities determined to be impaired are reduced to their fair value, with the
excess of the cost basis over the fair value recognized as a realized investment
loss.
Income taxes
We use the asset and liability method to account for deferred income
taxes. Under the asset and liability method, deferred tax assets and liabilities
are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences
between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and
liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities
are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the
years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or
settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax
rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date of
a change in tax rates.
We establish valuation allowances on our deferred tax assets for
amounts that we determine will not be recoverable based upon our analysis of
projected taxable income and our ability to implement prudent and feasible tax
planning strategies. Increases in these valuation allowances are recognized as
deferred tax expense. Subsequent determinations that portions of the valuation
allowances are no longer necessary are reflected as deferred tax benefits. To
the extent that valuation allowances were established in conjunction with
acquisitions, changes in those allowances are first applied to increasing or
decreasing the goodwill (but not below zero) or other intangibles related to the
acquisition and then applied as an increase or decrease in income tax expense.
ACQUISITIONS, DIVESTITURES AND FINANCING ACTIVITY
Acquisition of Ameriplus
On August 1, 2003, we acquired 100% of the outstanding common stock of
Ameriplus Preferred Care, Inc. ("Ameriplus"). Ameriplus is engaged in the
business of creating and maintaining a network of hospitals for the purpose of
providing discounts to our Medicare Select policyholders. Ameriplus' network is
utilized in connection with Medicare Select policies written by subsidiaries of
Universal American and can be offered to non-affiliated parties as well.
Ameriplus receives network fees when premiums for these Medicare Select policies
are collected.
38
Acquisition of Guarantee Reserve Marketing Organization
Effective July 1, 2003, we entered into an agreement with Swiss Re and
its newly acquired subsidiary, Guarantee Reserve Life Insurance Company
("Guarantee Reserve"), to acquire Guarantee Reserve's marketing organization
including all rights to do business with its field force. The primary product
sold by this marketing organization is low face amount whole life insurance,
primarily for seniors.
Beginning July 1, 2003, the Guarantee Reserve field force continued to
write this business in Guarantee Reserve, with us administering all new business
and assuming 50% of the risk through a quota share reinsurance arrangement.
Beginning in the second quarter of 2004 as the products are approved for sale in
each state, new business will be written by our subsidiaries, with 50% of the
risk ceded to Swiss Re.
Since its acquisition in 2003, this marketing organization produced
more than 36,000 applications and more than $15.2 million of issued annualized
life insurance premium, which is 50% retained by us.
Recapture of Reinsurance Ceded
Effective April 1, 2003, our subsidiary, American Pioneer entered into
agreements to recapture approximately $48 million of Medicare Supplement
business that had previously been reinsured to Transamerica Occidental Life
Insurance Company, Reinsurance Division ("Transamerica") under two quota share
contracts. In 1996, American Pioneer entered into two reinsurance treaties with
Transamerica. Pursuant to the first of these contracts American Pioneer ceded to
Transamerica 90% of approximately $50 million of annualized premium that it had
acquired from First National Life Insurance Company in 1996. Under the second
contract, as subsequently amended, American Pioneer agreed to cede to
Transamerica 75% of certain new business from October 1996 through December 31,
1999. As of April 1, 2003, approximately $27 remained ceded under the First
National treaty and approximately $16 million remained ceded under the new
business treaty.
As part of an effort to exit certain non-core lines of business,
Transamerica approached the Company in 2002 to determine our interest in
recapturing the two treaties. Under the terms of the recapture agreements,
Transamerica transferred approximately $18 million in cash to American Pioneer
to cover the statutory reserves recaptured by American Pioneer. No ceding
allowance was paid by American Pioneer in the recapture and American Pioneer
currently retains 100% of the risks on the $48 million of Medicare Supplement
business. There was no gain or loss reported on these recapture agreements.
Acquisition of Pyramid Life
On March 31, 2003, we acquired all of the outstanding common stock of
Pyramid Life. Pyramid Life specializes in selling health and life insurance
products to the senior market, including Medicare Supplement and Select, long
term care, life insurance, and annuities. With this acquisition we acquired a
$120 million block of in-force business, as well as a career sales force that is
skilled in selling senior market insurance products. Pyramid Life markets its
products in 26 states through a career agency sales force of over 1,100 agents
operating out of 32 Senior Solutions Sales Centers. During the full year 2003,
Pyramid Life agents produced more than $27 million of annualized new sales.
Following a transition period that took approximately ten months, the Pyramid
Life business has been fully transitioned into our existing operations, where we
will be able to take advantage of increased scale and efficiencies. Operating
results generated by Pyramid Life prior to the date of acquisition are not
included in our consolidated financial statements. Refer to Note 3 - Business
Combinations in our consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-K
for additional information on the acquisition.
39
Refinancing of Debt
Prior to March 31, 2003, we had $38 million outstanding on our term
loan credit facility. In connection with the acquisition of Pyramid Life (see
Note 3 - Business Combinations in our consolidated financial statements included
in this Form 10-K) on March 31, 2003, we entered into a new $80 million credit
facility consisting of a $65 million term loan and a $15 million revolving loan
facility. We used the proceeds from the new term loan to repay the balance
outstanding on our existing term loan and fund the purchase of Pyramid Life. The
early extinguishment of the existing debt resulted in the immediate amortization
of the related capitalized loan origination fees, resulting in a pre-tax expense
of approximately $1.8 million. A portion of the proceeds from Trust preferred
issuances in May 2003 and October 2003 (see below) were used to reduce the
balance of the term loan by $21.0 million during 2003. None of the revolving
loan facility was drawn as of December 31, 2003 (Refer to Note 14 - Loan
Agreements in our consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-K).
Trust Preferred Issuances
During 2003, we issued $60.0 million of fixed and floating rate trust
preferred securities through subsidiary trusts, which including the $15.0
million issued in December 2002, results in a total of $75 million of such
securities outstanding. A portion of the proceeds was used to repay our existing
debt and the balance was retained at the parent company for general corporate
purposes (for more detailed information, see Note 15 - Trust Preferred
Securities in our consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-K).
Acquisition of Nationwide Block of Business
In November 2002 we entered into an agreement with Nationwide Life
Insurance Company ("Nationwide") to acquire, through a 100% quota share
reinsurance agreement, Nationwide's individual Medicare Supplement policies.
Approximately $22 million of annualized premium was in force at December 31,
2003.
PENDING TRANSACTION - ACQUISITION OF HERITAGE HEALTH SYSTEMS, INC.
In March 2004, we signed a definitive contract to acquire Heritage
Health Systems, Inc. ("Heritage"), a privately owned managed care company that
operates Medicare Advantage plans in Houston and Beaumont Texas, for
approximately $98 million in cash. The closing of the acquisition is subject to
regulatory approvals and other customary conditions, and is expected to occur in
the second quarter of 2004. Founded in 1995, Heritage has approximately 15,700
Medicare members and has annualized revenues of approximately $132 million. As
of the closing, Heritage is projected to have approximately $14 million of
equity capital and no debt.
We intend to finance this acquisition using approximately $34 million
of cash on hand, with the balance coming from the proceeds of a senior credit
facility to be arranged by Banc of America Securities, LLC. In connection with
this financing, we will incur a non-cash, after-tax expense of approximately
$1.1 million relating to the unamortized fees on the current facility that will
be replaced.
HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATION ("HMOs") DIS-ENROLLMENT
Beginning in 1998, many HMOs realized that their Medicare programs were
unprofitable and, therefore, decided to terminate these programs. As a result,
millions of seniors were involuntarily dis-enrolled from these programs. This
development contributed to our increased new sales of Medicare Supplement
products in 2001 and 2000. Under applicable legislation, such dis-enrollees had
the right to acquire Medicare Supplement insurance without medical underwriting
or pre-existing condition limitations. As we expected, beginning in 2002 new
sales of our Medicare products have slowed since the HMOs are not dis-enrolling
members as much as they were in prior years. To offset this impact, we have
continued to expand geographically, and we have stepped up recruiting effort to
augment our production. Additionally, we have increased our retention on new
Medicare Supplement business. As a result, we believe that we will continue to
grow our net premiums.
40
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS - CONSOLIDATED OVERVIEW
For the year ended December 31,
2003 2002 2001
-------- -------- --------
(in thousands)
Career Agency (1) $ 46,472 $ 33,470 $ 28,427
Senior Market Brokerage (1) 17,678 14,904 13,716
Administrative Services (1) 11,018 7,632 6,625
Corporate & Eliminations (10,746) (6,893) (8,483)
Realized gains (losses) 2,057 (5,083) 3,078
-------- -------- --------
Income before income taxes (1) 66,479 44,030 43,363
Income taxes, excluding capital gains and other items (23,325) (17,286) (14,098)
Income taxes on capital gains (720) 1,779 (1,077)
Income taxes on early extinguishments of debt 618 - -
Release of valuation allowance - 1,604 737
-------- -------- --------
Total income taxes (23,427) (13,903) (14,438)
-------- -------- --------
Net income $ 43,052 $ 30,127 $ 28,925
======== ======== ========
Per Share Data (Diluted):
Net income $ 0.78 $ 0.56 $ 0.57
======== ======== ========
(1) We evaluate the results of operations of our segments based on income
before realized gains and income taxes. Management believes that
realized gains and losses are not indicative of overall operating
trends. This differs from generally accepted accounting principles,
which includes the effect of realized gains in the determination of net
income. The schedule above reconciles our operating income to net
income in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003 AND 2002
Net income for 2003 increased 43%, to $43.1 million, or $0.78 per
share, compared to $30.1 million, or $0.56 per share in 2002.
During 2003, we recognized realized gains, net of tax of $1.3 million,
or $0.02 per share, compared to realized losses, net of tax of $3.3 million, or
$0.06 per share in 2002. The losses in 2002 were primarily a result of the
recognition of an impairment of our WorldCom holdings.
In connection with the acquisition of Pyramid Life on March 31, 2003,
we refinanced our credit facility. As a result of the repayment of our existing
debt, we were required to write off the unamortized portion of the fees we
incurred for that debt. This resulted in a pre-tax, non-cash charge of $1.8
million (the "financing charge"), which is included in the operating loss of the
Corporate segment.
Our overall effective tax rate was 35.2% for 2003 as compared to 31.6%
for 2002. As noted below, 2002 results benefited from the release of a portion
of a tax valuation reserve that added $0.03 per share. Excluding the release of
the tax valuation allowance, the effective tax rate was 35.2% in 2002.
Our Career Agency segment results improved by $13.0 million, or 39%, to
$46.5 million in 2003 compared to 2002, primarily as a result of the acquisition
of Pyramid Life, as well as the strengthening of the Canadian dollar.
Senior Market Brokerage segment 2003 results improved by $2.8 million,
or 19%, to $17.7 million compared to 2002. This improvement is the result of the
increase in our net retained business and improved loss ratios for our Medicare
Supplement/Select business.
Administrative Services segment income improved by $3.4 million, or
44%, compared to 2002. This improvement is primarily a result of the growth in
premiums managed and the scheduled reduction in the amortization of the present
value of future profits ("PVFP").
41
The loss from the Corporate segment increased by $3.9 million, or 56%,
compared to 2002, due primarily to the charge associated with the refinancing of
our debt and the increase in financing costs and other parent company expenses.
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2002 AND 2001
Net income increased by $1.2 million to $30.1 million ($0.56 per share)
in 2002, compared to $28.9 million ($0.57 per share) in 2001. The decease in the
per share amounts results from to the 7.5% increase in the weighted shares
outstanding in 2002 as a result of the equity offering in July, 2001.
Our overall effective tax rate was 31.6% for 2002 as compared to 33.2%
in 2001. As a result of the increased profitability of our Career Agency and
Senior Market Brokerage segments, valuation allowances on certain of the tax
loss carryforwards were no longer considered necessary during both 2002 and
2001. The amount of the valuation allowance released through deferred income tax
expense during 2002 was $1.6 million, or $0.03 per share, compared to $0.7
million, or $0.01, per share during 2001. Excluding the release of the tax
valuation allowance, the effective tax rate on operating income was 35.2% in
2002, compared to 35.0% in 2001.
We incurred realized losses, net of tax, of $3.3 million or $.06 per
share in 2002, largely as the result of the loss on our WorldCom bonds. This
compares to the net realized gain of $2.0 million or $.04 per diluted share in
2001.
Our Career Agency segment income increased by $5.0 million or 18%,
compared to 2001. This reflects an increase in new sales and improved loss
ratios for our disability business.
Our senior market brokerage segment results improved by $1.2 million,
or more than 9%. This improvement is primarily the result of improved loss
ratios for our Medicare Supplement/Select business. However, this was partially
offset by an increase in claims relating to a block of home health care policies
that we stopped selling in 2000.
Administrative services segment income improved by $1.0 million or 15%
in 2002 compared to 2001. The increase is due primarily to the growth in the
Medicare Supplement business being serviced by our administrative services
company.
The decrease in the loss from our corporate segment is due primarily to
the reduction in interest cost. This reduction was due to a combination of a
declining balance of debt outstanding as a result of principal repayments and
reductions in the weighted average interest rates for the year, compared to
2001.
SEGMENT RESULTS - CAREER AGENCY
For the year ended December 31,
2003 2002 2001
--------- --------- ---------
(in thousands)
Net premiums and policyholder fees:
Life and annuity $ 20,267 $ 14,900 $ 14,116
Accident & health 199,661 110,450 112,028
--------- --------- ---------
Net premiums 219,928 125,350 126,144
Net investment income 37,244 33,537 32,768
Other income 509 328 1,383
--------- --------- ---------
Total revenue 257,681 159,215 160,295
--------- --------- ---------
Policyholder benefits 137,278 75,519 83,947
Interest credited to policyholders 6,305 2,910 1,981
Change in deferred acquisition costs (26,493) (15,308) (12,178)
Amortization of present value of future profits and
goodwill 2,335 - 7
Commissions and general expenses, net of allowances 91,784 62,624 58,111
--------- --------- ---------
Total benefits, claims and other deductions 211,209 125,745 131,868
--------- --------- ---------
Segment income $ 46,472 $ 33,470 $ 28,427
========= ========= =========
42
The operations of Penncorp Life (Canada), which are included in the
Career Agency segment results, are transacted using the Canadian dollar as the
functional currency. The Canadian dollar has strengthened relative to the U.S.
dollar. The average conversion rate increased 12%, to C$0.7141 per US$1.00 for
2003, from C$0.6370 per US$1.00 for 2002. This strengthening added approximately
$1.5 million to the Career Agency segment results for 2003, compared to 2002.
See Item 7A - Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk for
additional information.
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003 AND 2002
Our Career Agency segment results improved by $13.0 million, or 39%, to
$46.5 million in 2003 compared to 2002, primarily as a result of the acquisition
of Pyramid Life, as well as the strengthening of the Canadian dollar.
REVENUES. Net premiums for the Career Agency segment increased by approximately
$94.6 million, or 76%, compared to 2002, primarily as a result of the $88.4
million in premiums from the Pyramid Life business. Canadian premiums accounted
for approximately 25% of the net premiums of this segment in 2003 and 39% of the
net premiums in 2002. Net Canadian premiums increased approximately $6.6
million, however, the percentage of Canadian premiums dropped as a result of the
increase in U.S. premiums from the addition of the Pyramid Life business.
The Career agents also sold $63.6 million of fixed annuities during
2003, compared to $33.0 million in 2002. Annuity deposits are not considered
premiums for reporting in accordance with generally accepted accounting
principles.
Net investment income increased by approximately $3.7 million, or 11%,
compared to 2002. The increase is due to an increase in the segment's invested
assets from the acquisition of Pyramid Life (net of the assets used to fund a
portion of the acquisition) and the sale of annuities, offset by a decrease in
overall investment yields.
BENEFITS, CLAIMS AND OTHER DEDUCTIONS. Policyholder benefits, including
the change in reserves, increased by $61.8 million, or 82% compared to 2002,
primarily as a result of the increase in business in force. Approximately $60.9
million of the increase relates to the Pyramid Life business added in 2003.
Overall loss ratios for the segment increased to 62% in 2003 from 60% in 2002,
primarily due to the increase in Medicare Supplement business from the Pyramid
acquisition, which has higher loss ratios than the existing Career Segment
business. Interest credited increased by $3.4 million, due to the increase in
annuity balances as a result of the continued strong sales.
The increase in deferred acquisition costs was approximately $11.2
million more in 2003, compared to the increase in 2002. This is directly related
to the increase in the new business added by Pyramid Life, as well as continued
strong sales of annuities generated by the segment during 2003.
Commissions and general expenses increased by approximately $29.2
million, or 47%, in 2003 compared to 2002. Approximately $27.2 million of the
increase relates to the Pyramid Life business, with the balance relating
primarily to the increase in the segment's new business.
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2002 AND 2001
Our Career Agency segment income increased by $5.0 million or 18%,
compared to 2001. This reflects an increase in new sales and improved loss
ratios for our disability business.
43
REVENUES. Net premiums for 2002 fell by approximately 0.6% compared to
2001. Canadian operations accounted for approximately 39% of the net premiums
for the segment in 2002, compared to 37% in 2001. New sales during 2002
increased by 10% over 2001. This increase was driven by a 9% increase in sales
in the U.S. and a 12% increase in sales in Canada. The increase in production in
the U.S. came from sales of our senior market products, such as Medicare
Supplement, long term care and senior life, which accounted for 49% of the new
sales in the U.S. The Career agents also sold $33.0 million of fixed annuities
during 2002, compared to $8.4 million in 2001, that are not reported as premiums
for GAAP.
Net investment income increased by approximately 2% over 2001. The
increase is due to an increase in the segment's invested assets, offset by a
decrease in the overall yield. Other income decreased by $1.1 million, due
primarily to a decrease in the sale of non-insurance products.
BENEFITS, CLAIMS AND OTHER DEDUCTIONS. Policyholder benefits, including
the change in reserves, decreased by approximately 10% compared to 2001. Overall
loss ratios for the segment improved from 67% in 2001 to 60% in 2002, primarily
in our disability line as a result of active rate and claims management.
Interest credited increased by $1.0 million, consistent with the increase in
fixed annuities.
The increase in deferred acquisition costs was approximately $3.1
million more in 2002 than the increase in 2001. This is directly related to the
increase in the new business, including annuities, generated by the segment
during 2002.
Commissions and general expenses increased by approximately $4.5
million, or 8%, in 2002 compared to 2001. This relates primarily to the increase
in new business, including annuities.
SEGMENT RESULTS - SENIOR MARKET BROKERAGE
For the year ended December 31,
2003 2002 2001
--------- --------- ---------
(in thousands)
Net premiums and policyholder fees:
Life and annuity $ 19,198 $ 16,169 $ 16,491
Accident & health 207,842 125,058 86,571
--------- --------- ---------
Net premiums 227,040 141,227 103,062
Net investment income 23,873 23,946 25,174
Other income 415 325 205
--------- --------- ---------
Total revenue 251,328 165,498 128,441
--------- --------- ---------
Policyholder benefits 169,356 105,887 81,072
Interest credited to policyholders 8,595 8,053 8,288
Change in deferred acquisition costs (24,610) (12,575) (7,038)
Amortization of present value of future profits and
goodwill 317 128 424
Commissions and general expenses, net of allowances 79,992 49,101 31,979
--------- --------- ---------
Total benefits, claims and other deductions 233,650 150,594 114,725
--------- --------- ---------
Segment income $ 17,678 $ 14,904 $ 13,716
========= ========= =========
The table below details the gross premiums and policyholder fees
collected for the major product lines in the Senior Market brokerage segment and
the corresponding average amount of net premium retained after reinsurance. We
reinsure a substantial portion of our Senior Market Brokerage products to
unaffiliated third party reinsurers under various quota share coinsurance
agreements. Medicare Supplement/Select written premium is reinsured under quota
share coinsurance agreements ranging between 25% and 75% based upon the
geographic distribution of the underlying policies. We have also acquired
various blocks of Medicare Supplement premium, which are 100% reinsured under
quota share coinsurance agreements. Under our reinsurance agreements, we
reinsure the claims incurred and commissions on a pro rata basis and receive
additional expense allowances for policy issue, administration and premium
taxes. In 2002 and 2003, we increased our retention on new Medicare
Supplement/Select business, causing the percentage of net retained premium to
increase as seen below. Additionally, the recapture of the Transamerica
treaties, effective April 1, 2003, and the acquisition of the Nationwide block
of Medicare Supplement business in November 2002, increased the net retained
premium. Beginning in 2004, all new Medicare Supplement/Select business will be
100% retained.
44
2003 2002 2001
---- ---- ----
Gross Net Gross Net Gross Net
Premiums Retained Premiums Retained Premiums Retained
-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
(in thousands)
Medicare Supplement acquired $177,592 39% $151,073 11% $149,287 7%
Medicare Supplement/Select written 253,455 47% 241,411 36% 161,121 31%
Other senior supplemental health 25,799 60% 24,949 60% 22,553 61%
Other health 15,564 31% 20,318 29% 29,526 47%
Senior life insurance 13,554 62% 8,227 58% 8,328 69%
Other life 13,110 83% 14,716 79% 14,700 73%
-------- -------- --------
Total gross premiums $499,074 46% $460,694 31% $385,515 27%
======== ======== ========
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003 AND 2002
Senior Market Brokerage segment 2003 results improved by $2.8 million,
or 19%, to $17.7 million compared to 2002. This improvement is the result of the
increase in our net retained business and improved loss ratios for our Medicare
Supplement/Select business.
REVENUES. Gross direct and assumed premium written increased $38.4
million, or 8%, to $499.1 million over 2002. The increase in the Medicare
Supplement acquired premiums of $26.5 million, or 18%, was primarily due to the
premiums assumed from the Nationwide block of business, beginning in November
2002. Medicare Supplement/Select premiums increased $12.0 million, or 5%, as a
result of continued new sales, rate increases and better than assumed
persistency. The increase was partially offset by excess lapsation of a block of
Connecticut Medicare Supplement business during the first quarter of 2003.
During 2003, we also experienced a 65%, or $5.3 million, increase in senior life
insurance premium due to organic growth, as well as the addition of the premium
written by the recently acquired Guarantee Reserve marketing organization. These
increases were partially offset by a decrease of $4.8 million in other health
premium, primarily as a result of anticipated lapsation.
Net premiums for 2003 increased by $85.8 million, or 52%, over 2002. Net
premiums grew faster than gross premiums primarily as a result of the recapture
of the Transamerica treaties, the acquisition of the Nationwide business, and
our decision to reinsure less premium and retain more risk on our new business.
This is reflected in the increase in the percentage of the net amount of premium
retained to 46% in 2003 from 31% in 2002.
Approximately $62.3 million in annuity deposits were received during
2003 compared to $17.3 million during. Annuity deposits are not considered
premiums for reporting in accordance with generally accepted accounting
principles.
Net investment income for 2003 was level with 2003, as the increase in
the segment's invested assets was offset by an overall decline in reinvestment
yields.
BENEFITS, CLAIMS AND OTHER DEDUCTIONS. Policyholder benefits, including the
change in reserves, increased by approximately $63.5 million, or 60%, compared
to 2002. The increase is due primarily to the increase in our net retained
business as a result of the recapture of the Transamerica treaties, our
acquisition of the Nationwide block of business and the increase in our net
retained new business premium. Additionally, we experienced an increase in
losses on the discontinued block of Florida home healthcare business over 2002,
as well as favorable experience and reserve development on certain runoff blocks
of business in the first quarter of 2002 that did not repeat in 2003. However,
during 2003, loss ratios on our Medicare Supplement/Select business improved to
67.6% from 69.1% in 2002.
45
Interest credited to policyholders increased by $0.5 million, or 7%,
compared to 2002 due to the increase in annuity balances as a result of strong
sales of annuities.
The increase in deferred acquisition costs was approximately $12.0
million more in 2003, compared to the increase in 2002. The increase was driven
by the increase in new life and annuity business written, as well as our higher
retention on new business. Acquisition costs for life business are incurred on
annualized premium written, including the $15.2 million of annualized premium
written by the Guarantee Reserve marketing organization. Acquisition costs for
annuities are based on the amount deposited, which is not considered premiums
for reporting in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. The
increase was offset, in part, by the accelerated amortization of the deferred
costs relating to excess lapsation on a block of Connecticut Medicare Supplement
policies during the first quarter of 2003.
Commissions and other operating expenses increased by approximately
$30.9 million, or 63%, in 2003 compared to 2002. The following table details the
components of commission and other operating expenses:
2003 2002
-------- --------
Commissions $ 83,171 $ 80,816
Other operating costs 63,698 60,455
Reinsurance allowances (66,877) (92,170)
-------- --------
Commissions and general expenses, net of allowances $ 79,992 $ 49,101
======== ========
The ratio of commissions to gross premiums decreased to 16.7% during
2003, from 17.5% in 2002, as a result of the growth in the in force renewal
premium from better persistency and rate increases. Other operating costs as a
percentage of gross premiums decreased to 12.8% during 2003 compared to 13.12%
in 2002. Commission and expense allowances received from reinsurers as a
percentage of the premiums ceded also decreased to 24.6% during 2003 compared to
28.9% in 2002, primarily due to the reduction in new business ceded, the
recapture of the Transamerica treaties, and the affects of normal lower
commission allowances on a growing base of renewal ceded business.
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2002 AND 2001
Our senior market brokerage segment results improved by $1.2
million, or more than 9%. This improvement is primarily the result of improved
loss ratios for our Medicare Supplement/Select business. However, this was
partially offset by an increase in claims relating to a block of home health
care policies that we stopped selling in 2000.
REVENUES. New production of our Senior Market products amounted to
$98.2 million in 2002. This represents a 10% decrease compared to $109.5 million
in 2001. As we anticipated, new sales of our Medicare products have slowed since
Health Maintenance Organizations ("HMOs") are not dis-enrolling members as much
as in prior years. We have continued to expand geographically and have increased
our recruiting efforts to further augment our production. Additionally, $17.6
million of fixed annuities were sold during 2002, compared to $7.1 million in
2001, which are not reported as premiums for GAAP.
Gross premium increased $75.2 million, or 20%, over 2001 despite the
slow down in new production. The increase in gross premium includes a $87.5
million, or 54%, increase on Medicare Supplement/Select business written as a
result of continued new sales. In addition, premiums increased due to normal
rate increases implemented by the Company and better than assumed persistency.
Other senior supplemental health premium, which includes long term care, nursing
home and home health care increased 11%, or $2.4 million. These increases were
partially offset by a decrease of $16.4 million, or 56%, in other health
premium, primarily as a result of our decision to exit the major medical line of
business.
46
In November 2002, we entered into an agreement with Nationwide Life
Insurance Company to reinsure a block of its Medicare Supplement business with
annualized premium in force of approximately $20.0 million. This added
approximately $3.5 million of premium to the Medicare Supplement acquired line.
Net premiums for 2002 increased to $141.2 million, an increase of 37%
compared to 2001. Net premiums grew more than gross premium as a result of our
decision to reinsure less premium and retain more risk. The net amount of
premium retained increased from 27% in 2001 to 31% in 2002 due to the increase
in retention on new Medicare Supplement/Select premiums written from 25% to 50%,
effective January 2002.
Net investment income decreased by 5% compared to 2002, primarily as a
result of a decline in investment yields.
BENEFITS, CLAIMS AND OTHER DEDUCTIONS. Policyholder benefits, including
the change in reserves, increased by approximately $24.8 million, or 31%,
compared to 2001. The increase is due primarily to higher annualized premium in
force in our Medicare Supplement lines, even though our loss ratio for this line
improved. Additionally, we experienced an increase in claims in a block of home
health care business that we stopped selling in 2000. We implemented a 30% rate
increase on this block during 2002, and again in 2003, and we will continue to
file for additional rate increases so that we can mitigate the effect of this
block on the earnings of the segment. We have not experienced a similar increase
in claims in any of the long term care blocks that we are currently marketing.
The increase in deferred acquisition costs was approximately $5.5
million more in 2002, than in 2001. The increase in deferred acquisition costs
relates primarily to our higher retention on new business.
Commissions and other operating expenses increased by approximately
$17.1 million, or 54%, in 2002 compared to 2001. The following table details the
components of commission and other operating expenses:
2002 2001
-------- --------
Commissions $ 80,816 $ 66,956
Other operating costs 60,455 50,354
Reinsurance allowances (92,170) (85,331)
-------- --------
Commissions and general expenses, net of allowances $ 49,101 $ 31,979
======== ========
The ratio of commissions to gross premiums increased to 17.5% in 2002
from 17.4% in 2001. Other operating costs as a percentage of gross premiums was
13.1% in 2002, consistent with 2001. Commission and expense allowances received
from reinsurers as a percentage of the premiums ceded decreased to 28.9% in 2002
from 30.2% in 2001, primarily due to the reduction in new business ceded as a
result of our decision to increase our retention on new business.
47
SEGMENT RESULTS - ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES
For the year ended December 31,
2003 2002 2001
------- ------- -------
(in thousands)
Affiliated Fee Revenue
Medicare Supplement $22,478 $18,604 $13,268
Long term care 2,589 2,635 1,907
Life Insurance 2,480 347 388
Other 1,797 1,245 745
------- ------- -------
Total Affiliated Revenue 29,344 22,831 16,308
------- ------- -------
Unaffiliated Fee Revenue
Medicare Supplement 9,469 9,022 9,571
Long term care 7,065 8,205 5,203
Non-insurance products 1,563 1,270 204
Other 1,042 1,420 1,545
------- ------- -------
Total Unaffiliated Revenue 19,139 19,917 16,523
------- ------- -------
Service fee and other income 48,483 42,748 32,831
Net investment income 48 470 322
------- ------- -------
Total revenue 48,531 43,218 33,153
------- ------- -------
Amortization of present value of future profits and
goodwill 370 1,514 2,206
General expenses 37,143 34,072 24,322
------- ------- -------
Total expenses 37,513 35,586 26,528
------- ------- -------
Segment income 11,018 7,632 6,625
Depreciation, amortization and interest 2,038 2,846 3,108
------- ------- -------
Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and
amortization (1) $13,056 $10,478 $ 9,733
======= ======= =======
(1) In addition to segment operating income, we also evaluate the results of our
Administrative Services segment based on earnings before interest, taxes,
depreciation and amortization ("EBITDA"), which is not in accordance with
generally accepted accounting principles. EBITDA provides a measure of cash
available to dividend to our parent company.
Included in unaffiliated revenue are fees received to administer
certain business of our insurance subsidiaries that is 100% reinsured to an
unaffiliated reinsurer, which amounted to $7.4 million in 2003, $6.9 million in
2002 and $7.8 million in 2001. These fees, together with the affiliated revenue,
were eliminated in consolidation.
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003 AND 2002
Administrative Services segment income improved by $3.4 million, or
44%, compared to 2002. This improvement is primarily a result of the growth in
premiums managed and the scheduled reduction in the amortization of the present
value of future profits ("PVFP"). Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation
and amortization ("EBITDA") for this segment increased $2.6 million, or 25%,
compared to 2002.
Administrative Services fee revenue increased by $5.8 million, or 19%,
compared to 2002. Affiliated service fee revenue increased by $6.5 million
compared to 2002 as a result of the increase in Medicare Supplement/Select
business in force at our insurance subsidiaries, as well as the fees from the
administration of the life insurance products sold by the recently acquired
Guarantee Reserve marketing organization. Unaffiliated service fee revenue
decreased by approximately $0.8 million primarily due to the reduction in the
fees from the underwriting work we performed for the consortium that is offering
long term care to employees of the federal government and their families. The
initial enrollment period for this program, for which we performed underwriting,
began in the third quarter of 2002 and ended during the first quarter of 2003.
General expenses for the segment increased by $3.1 million, or 9%,
primarily due to the increase in business and the cost of bringing new clients
on line.
48
During 2003, the scheduled amortization of PVFP was approximately $0.9
million lower than the comparable period of 2002. The amortization of PVFP
relates primarily to the acquisition of CHCS Services, Inc. (formerly "American
Insurance Administration Group, Inc"). Approximately $7.7 million of PVFP was
established when AIAG was acquired in January 2000. It is being amortized in
proportion to the expected profits from the contracts in force on the date of
acquisition. During 2003, the amortization of PVFP was approximately $0.4
compared to $1.5 million in 2002. There was no amortization of goodwill during
2003 or 2002 as a result of the adoption of SFAS 142.
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2002 AND 2001
Administrative Services segment income for 2002 improved by more than
15% over 2001, primarily as the result of the increase in Medicare premiums
being serviced by our administrative services company and the scheduled
reduction in the amortization of PVFP. EBITDA increased by approximately 8% to
$10.5 million to in 2002.
Service fee revenue increased by $9.9 million, or 30%, in 2002 as
compared to 2001. In 2002, approximately 44% of the total fees earned were from
non-affiliated companies compared to 52% in 2001. The relative decrease in the
non-affiliated fees is the result of continued growth of business from our
Senior Market Brokerage segment. Affiliated fee revenue increased $7.7 million
compared to 2001 primarily as the result of the increase in Medicare Supplement
business in force at our insurance subsidiaries. Unaffiliated fee revenues
increased by approximately $2.3 million. This is primarily due to an increase in
fees for underwriting of long term care policies for our third party clients,
including the underwriting support work we performed for the consortium that is
offering long term care to employees of the Federal Government and their
families.
General expenses for the segment increased by $9.8 million, or 40%,
compared to 2001. The increase is due primarily to the increase in business and
costs incurred to bring new clients on line. Additionally, during the second
quarter of 2002, we completed the closing of our Clearwater office and
consolidated those functions into our Pensacola operations. The total cost of
the transition was approximately $0.3 million, however most of this was offset
by efficiencies and cost savings as a result of the transition.
During 2002, the amortization of PVFP relating to AIAG was
approximately $1.5 million compared to $2.1 million in 2001. During 2001
amortization of goodwill was approximately $0.1 million. There was no
amortization of goodwill during 2002 as a result of the adoption of SFAS 142.
SEGMENT RESULTS - CORPORATE
The following table presents the primary components comprising the
corporate segment's loss:
For the year ended December 31,
2003 2002 2001
------- ------- -------
(in thousands)
Interest cost of acquisition financing $ 4,894 $ 3,095 $ 5,152
Early extinguishment of debt 1,766 - -
Amortization of capitalized loan origination fees 492 539 530
Stock-based compensation expense 367 641 730
Other parent company expenses, net 3,227 2,618 2,071
------- ------- -------
Segment loss $10,746 $ 6,893 $ 8,483
======= ======= =======
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003 AND 2002
The loss from the Corporate segment increased by $3.9 million, or 56%,
compared to 2002, due primarily to the charge associated with the refinancing of
our debt and the increase in financing costs and other parent company expenses.
In connection with the acquisition of Pyramid Life, we refinanced our debt. The
early extinguishment of the existing debt resulted in the immediate amortization
of the related capitalized loan origination fees, resulting in a pre-tax expense
of approximately $1.8 million. The increase in financing cost was due to an
increase in the amount of the debt outstanding during the year,
49
offset in part, by a reduction in the weighted average interest rates for the
year, compared to 2002. We issued $60.0 million of trust preferred securities
during 2003, of which $21.0 million was used to pay down the new term loan. Our
combined outstanding debt was $113.2 million at December 31, 2003 compared to
$65.8 million at December 31, 2002. The weighted average interest rate on our
debt decreased to 4.5% in 2003 from 5.4% in 2002. See "Liquidity and Capital
Resources" for additional information regarding our credit facility and trust
preferred securities. Other parent company expenses increased as a result of
additional expenses from an increase in acquisition related activities.
In December, 2003, the company paid $0.3 million in full settlement of
a lawsuit that was commenced in 2002 against Universal American, American
Progressive and Richard A. Barasch by Marvin Barasch, a former Chairman of
American Progressive and Universal American. This settlement plus related legal
costs, net of insurance recoveries, added approximately $0.2 million to expenses
during 2003.
Certain of the companies acquired in July 1999 had post-retirement
benefit plans in place prior to their acquisition and Universal American
maintained the liability for the expected cost of such plans. In October 2000,
participants were notified of the termination of the plans in accordance with
their terms. The liability will be reduced as, and to the extent, it becomes
certain that we will incur no liabilities for the plans as a result of the
termination. During the fourth quarter of 2003, $0.4 million of the liability
was released. The future projected releases of the liability will be $0.6
million in 2004, $1.9 million in 2005, $0.7 million in 2006, and $0.1 million in
2007.
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2002 AND 2001
The decrease in the loss from our Corporate segment for 2002 was due
primarily to the reduction in interest cost. This reduction was due to a
combination of the declining balance of debt outstanding as a result of
principal repayments and reductions in the weighted average interest rates for
the year, compared to 2001. During 2002, we repaid $10.7 million of our term
loan, resulting in a weighted average balance outstanding of $55.7 million
compared to $65.5 million for 2001. Additionally, the weighted average interest
rate on our debt decreased to 5.4% in 2002 from 7.8% in 2001. (See "Liquidity
and Capital Resources" for additional information regarding our credit
facility). The increase in other parent company expenses was due to an increase
in legal fees relating to litigation and an increase in the allocation of
salaries and related costs for corporate activity relating to merger and
acquisition efforts.
ELIMINATIONS
Revenues and expenses associated with services performed by our
Administrative Services segment for our insurance company subsidiaries amounting
to $36.8 million were eliminated in consolidation in 2003, $31.2 million was
eliminated in 2002, and $23.6 million was eliminated in 2001. Interest income
and expense on debentures issued by our parent holding company to our
subsidiaries of $1.0 million was eliminated in consolidation in 2003 $1.7
million was eliminated in 2002, and $0.5 million was eliminated in 2001. (See
"Affiliated Obligations of the Parent Company" below).
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Our capital is used primarily to support the retained risks and growth
of our insurance company subsidiaries and to support our parent company as an
insurance holding company. In addition, we use capital to fund our growth
through acquisitions of other companies, blocks of insurance or administrative
service business.
50
We require cash at our parent company to meet our obligations under our
credit facility and our outstanding debentures held by our subsidiary
Pennsylvania Life. In January 2002, our parent company issued a debenture to
Pennsylvania Life in conjunction with the transfer of the business of
Pennsylvania Life's Canadian Branch to Penncorp Life (Canada). We anticipate
funding the repayment of the debenture from dividends of Penncorp Life (Canada).
We also require cash to pay the operating expenses necessary to function as a
holding company (applicable insurance department regulations require us to bear
our own expenses), and to meet the costs of being a public company.
We believe that our current cash position, the availability of our new
$15.0 million revolving credit facility, the expected cash flows of our
administrative service company and the surplus note interest payments from
American Exchange (as explained below) can support our parent company
obligations for the foreseeable future. However, there can be no assurance as to
our actual future cash flows or to the continued availability of dividends from
our insurance company subsidiaries.
Contractual Obligations and Commercial Commitments
Our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2003, are shown below.
Payments Due by Period
--------------------------------------------------------
Less than 1-3 3-5 More than
Contractual Obligations Total 1 Year Years Years 5 Years
----------------------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------
(in thousands)
Long Term Debt Obligations (1):
Trust preferred securities(2) $207,087 $ 4,503 $ 8,987 $ 8,996 $184,601
Loan payable (3) 42,068 8,984 19,501 13,583 -
Capital Lease Obligations - - - - -
Operating Lease Obligations 8,176 2,659 3,119 2,398 -
Purchase Obligations (4) 2,544 937 1,210 397 -
Other Long-Term Liabilities - - - - -
-------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Total $259,875 $ 17,083 $ 32,817 $ 25,374 $184,601
======== ======== ======== ======== ========
(1) Includes contractual interest and reflects scheduled maturities. We
anticipate that in connection with the pending acquisition of Heritage
Health Systems, Inc., we will refinance our loan payable and possibly issue
additional trust preferred securities.
(2) Trust preferred securities all have scheduled maturities of 30 years,
however they are all callable by us after five years. Accordingly, the
obligation for repayment of principal relating to these is included in the
More than 5 Years column. The trust preferred securities all have floating
rate coupons, except for $30 million which have a fixed rate for the first
five years and then convert to floating rate. We did not project future
changes in the base interest rates. For the purpose of this schedule, we
applied the rate in effect at December 31, 2003 to all future periods.
(3) Includes scheduled amortization through final maturity in 2008. The loan
payable is floating rate debt. We did not project future changes in the
base interest rates. For the purpose of this schedule, we applied the rate
in effect at December 31, 2003 to all future periods.
(4) Includes minimum obligations on our data center outsourcing contract, as
well as minimum obligations under other technology related service
contracts. Our actual monthly payments are affected by the amount of
service provided under the contract and currently exceed the minimums
stated in the contract. Therefore our actual payments will exceed the
amounts presented in the above schedule.
Refinancing of Debt
As of January 1, 2003, the outstanding balance of the Company's
existing loan was $50.8 million. In January 2003, the Company made a scheduled
principal payment of $2.8 million, and in March, 2003 made a principal payment
of $5.0 million from a portion of the proceeds from the issuance of Trust
Preferred securities (see Note 15 - Trust Preferred Securities). These payments
reduced the outstanding balance to $42.9 million, which was repaid from the
proceeds of the new loan obtained in connection with the acquisition of Pyramid
Life. The early extinguishments of the existing debt resulted in the immediate
amortization of the related capitalized loan origination fees, resulting in a
pre-tax expense of approximately $1.8 million.
51
New Credit Facility
In connection with the acquisition of Pyramid Life (see Note 3 -
Business Combinations in our consolidated financial statements included in this
Form 10-K), we obtained a new credit facility on March 31, 2003 to repay the
existing loan and provide funds for the acquisition of Pyramid Life. This $80
million credit facility consists of a $65 million term loan, which was drawn to
fund the acquisition, and a $15 million revolving loan facility, none of which
has been drawn as of December 31, 2003. The facility calls for interest at the
London Interbank Offering Rate ("LIBOR") for one, two or three months, at our
option, plus 300 basis points (currently 4.1%). Due to the variable interest
rate for this loan, we would be subject to higher interest costs if short-term
interest rates rise. Principal repayments are scheduled over a five-year period
with a final maturity date of March 31, 2008. We incurred loan origination fees
of approximately $2.1 million, which were capitalized and are being amortized on
a straight-line basis over the life of the loan. We pay an annual commitment fee
of 50 basis points on the unutilized facility. Our obligations under the new
credit facility are secured by 100% of the common stock of our U.S. insurance
subsidiaries and 65% of our Canadian subsidiary. In addition, the obligations
are guaranteed by CHCS Services Inc. and our other direct and indirect
subsidiaries (collectively the "Guarantors") and secured by all of the assets of
each of the Guarantors.
In accordance with the Credit Agreement, 50% of the net proceeds from
the $30 million Trust Preferred securities issued in May 2003 (see Note 15 -
Trust Preferred Securities) were used to pay down the new term loan. In October
2003, $6.0 million of the proceeds from an additional $20 million Trust
Preferred offering was used to further reduce the outstanding balance of the new
term loan. A waiver was requested and received to limit the required repayment
from the proceeds of the Trust Preferred offering to $6.0 million. Future
scheduled principal payments were reduced as a result of these repayments,
primarily in 2006 and 2007. In 2003, we made regularly scheduled principal
payments of $5.8 million. We paid $1.6 million in interest and fees in
connection with the new credit facility and $1.1 million in connection with the
prior credit facility during the year ended December 31, 2003. During 2002, we
paid $5.2 million in interest and fees in connection with the prior credit
facility.
The following table shows the schedule of principal payments (in
thousand) remaining on our new term loan, as of December 31, 2003, with the
final payment in March 2008:
2004 $ 7,488
2005 8,623
2006 8,922
2007 9,607
2008 3,532
--------
$ 38,172
========
Trust Preferred Securities
Separate subsidiary trusts of the Company (the "Trusts") have issued a
combined $75.0 million in thirty year trust preferred securities (the "Capital
Securities") as of December 31, 2003, as detailed in the following table:
Maturity Amount Spread Rate as of
Date Issued Term Over LIBOR December 31, 2003
-------- -------- -------------- ---------- -----------------
(In thousands)
December 2032 $ 15,000 Fixed/Floating (1) 5.2%
March 2033 10,000 Floating 400 5.2%
May 2033 15,000 Floating 420 5.4%
May 2033 15,000 Fixed/Floating (2) 7.4%
October 2033 20,000 Floating 395 5.1%
--------
$ 75,000
========
(1) Effective September, 2003, we entered into a swap agreement whereby we will
pay a fixed rate of 6.7% in exchange for a floating rate of LIBOR plus 400
basis points. The swap contract ends in December 2007.
(2) The rate on this issue is fixed at 7.4% for the first five years, after
which it is converted to a floating rate equal to LIBOR plus 410 basis
points.
52
The Trusts have the right to call the Capital Securities at par after
five years from the date of issuance. The proceeds from the sale of the Capital
Securities, together with proceeds from the sale by the Trusts of their common
securities to the Company, were invested in thirty-year floating rate junior
subordinated deferrable interest debentures of the Company (the "Junior
Subordinated Debt"). From the proceeds of the trust preferred securities, $26.0
million was used to pay down debt with the balance to be held for general
corporate purposes.
The Capital Securities represent an undivided beneficial interest in
the Trusts' assets, which consist solely of the Junior Subordinated Debt.
Holders of Capital Securities have no voting rights. We own all of the common
securities of the Trusts. Holders of both the Capital Securities and the Junior
Subordinated Debt are entitled to receive cumulative cash distributions accruing
from the date of issuance, and payable quarterly in arrears at a floating rate
equal to the three-month LIBOR plus a spread. The floating rate resets quarterly
and is limited to a maximum of 12.5% during the first sixty months. Due to the
variable interest rate for these securities, we would be subject to higher
interest costs if short-term interest rates rise. The Capital Securities are
subject to mandatory redemption upon repayment of the Junior Subordinated Debt
at maturity or upon earlier redemption. The Junior Subordinated Debt is
unsecured and ranks junior and subordinate in right of payment to all our
present and future senior debt and is effectively subordinated to all existing
and future obligations of our subsidiaries. We have the right to redeem the
Junior Subordinated Debt after five years from the date of issuance.
We have the right at any time, and from time to time, to defer payments
of interest on the Junior Subordinated Debt for a period not exceeding 20
consecutive quarters up to the debentures' maturity date. During any such
period, interest will continue to accrue and we may not declare or pay any cash
dividends or distributions on, or purchase, the Company's common stock nor make
any principal, interest or premium payments on or repurchase any debt securities
that rank equally with or junior to the Junior Subordinated Debt. We have the
right at any time to dissolve the Trusts and cause the Junior Subordinated Debt
to be distributed to the holders of the Capital Securities. We have guaranteed,
on a subordinated basis, all of the Trusts' obligations under the Capital
Securities including payment of the redemption price and any accumulated and
unpaid distributions to the extent of available funds and upon dissolution,
winding up or liquidation but only to the extent the Trusts have funds available
to make such payments. The Capital Securities have not been and will not be
registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"),
and have been offered and sold under an applicable exemption from registration
requirements under the Securities Act.
We paid $2.1 million in interest in connection with the trust preferred
securities during the year ended December 31, 2003.
Equity Offering
On July 12, 2001, we entered into an Underwriting Agreement with Banc
of America Securities LLC and Raymond James & Associates, Inc., as
representatives of the underwriters named therein, and certain shareholders,
with respect to the sale of up to 7,950,000 shares of the Company's common stock
(including 750,000 shares of our Common Stock subject to an over-allotment
option granted to the Underwriters by us and some of our selling shareholders).
As a result, on July 12, 2001, we issued five million shares of common stock at
a price of $5.00 per share, generating proceeds of $25 million. Expenses for
this transaction, including the underwriters' discounts and commissions,
amounted to $2.4 million, resulting in net proceeds of $22.6 million to us. The
proceeds from this offering were used to enhance the capital and surplus of
certain of our insurance subsidiaries through capital contribution totaling $9.3
million ($5.0 million to American Pioneer and $4.3 million to American
Exchange), to reduce intercompany obligations by $5.5 million and to hold the
balance at the parent company for general corporate purposes. In connection with
this offering, certain of our shareholders, none of whom were management, sold
2.2 million shares at $5.00 per share, less the underwriters' discounts and
commissions of $0.3187 per share.
53
On August 13, 2001, the over-allotment option provided in the
underwriting agreement was exercised and, as a result, we issued an additional
720,000 shares of common stock at a price of $5.00 per share, less the
underwriters' discounts and commissions of $0.3187 per share, generating
additional net proceeds of $3.4 million. In connection with the over-allotment
option, certain shareholders sold an additional 30,000 shares at $5.00 per
share, less the underwriters' discounts and commissions of $0.3187 per share.
Our net proceeds from total offering, including the over-allotment, was
$26.0 million, net of total expenses of $2.6 million.
Obligations of the Parent Company to Affiliates
In January 2002, our parent company issued an $18.5 million 8.5%
debenture to Pennsylvania Life in connection with the transfer of the business
of Pennsylvania Life's Canadian Branch to Penncorp Life (Canada). Our parent
company repaid principal of $4.5 million in 2002 and $7.1 million in 2003,
reducing the outstanding balance to $6.9 million as of December 31, 2003.
Principal and interest payments are made quarterly. The debenture is scheduled
to be repaid in full by the second quarter of 2005. Our parent holding company
paid $1.0 million in interest on these debentures during 2003 and $1.5 million
in 2002. The interest on these debentures is eliminated in consolidation.
Dividends from Penncorp Life (Canada) funded the interest and principal paid on
the debenture to date and it is anticipated that they will fund all future
payments made on this debenture. Penncorp Life (Canada) paid dividends to
Universal American totaling $8.1 million during 2003 and $5.9 million during
2002.
In connection with an agreement entered into in 1996 under
which American Pioneer became a direct subsidiary of our parent company rather
than an indirect subsidiary owned through American Progressive, our parent
company issued a $7.9 million note to American Progressive. This obligation was
fully paid off in accordance with its terms, as follows: $5.5 million from the
proceeds of our equity offering in 2001, $0.4 million during 2002 and the
balance of $2.0 million in May 2003. Our parent company paid $0.1 million in
interest on these debentures to American Progressive during 2003, $0.1 million
during 2002 and $0.5 million during 2001. The interest on these debentures was
eliminated in consolidation.
Lease Obligations
We are obligated under certain lease arrangements for our executive and
administrative offices in New York, Florida, Texas, and Ontario, Canada. Rent
expense was $1.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2003, $1.7 million for
2002 and $1.8 million for 2001. Annual minimum rental commitments, subject to
escalation, under non-cancelable operating leases (in thousands) are as follows:
2004 $ 2,659
2005 1,735
2006 1,384
2007 and thereafter 2,398
Totals $ 8,176
In addition to the above, Pennsylvania Life and Penncorp Life (Canada)
are the named lessee on approximately 57 properties occupied by our career
agents for use as field offices. Our career agents reimburse Pennsylvania Life
and Penncorp Life (Canada) the actual rent for these field offices. The total
annual rent obligation for these field offices is approximately $905,000.
54
Administrative Service Company
Liquidity for our administrative service company is measured by its
ability to pay operating expenses. The primary source of liquidity is fees
collected from clients. We believe that the sources of cash for our
administrative service company exceed scheduled uses of cash and results in
amounts available to dividend to our parent holding company. We measure the
ability of the administrative service company to pay dividends based on its
earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization ("EBITDA").
EBITDA for our administrative services segment was $13.1 million for the year
ended December 31, 2003, $10.5 million for 2002 and $9.7 million for 2001..
Insurance Subsidiary - Surplus Note
Cash generated by our insurance company subsidiaries will be made
available to our holding company, principally through periodic payments of
principal and interest on the surplus note owed to our holding company by our
subsidiary, American Exchange Life. As of December 31, 2003, the principal
amount of the surplus note was $60.0 million. The note bears interest to our
parent holding company at LIBOR plus 325 basis points. We anticipate that the
surplus notes will be primarily serviced by dividends from Pennsylvania Life, a
wholly owned subsidiary of American Exchange, and by tax-sharing payments among
the insurance companies that are wholly owned by American Exchange and file a
consolidated Federal income tax return. No principal payments were made during
2003 or 2001. During 2002, the surplus note was reduced by $10.0 million in the
form of a capital contribution to American Exchange by our holding company.
American Exchange paid $2.8 million in interest on the surplus notes to our
holding company during 2003, $3.8 million in 2002 and $5.7 million in 2001.
During the year ended December 31, 2003, no dividends were declared or
paid by the U.S. insurance company subsidiaries to American Exchange. During
2003, American Exchange received capital contributions from its parent totaling
$35.5 million. American Exchange made capital contributions of $27.0 million to
Pennsylvania Life, primarily relating to the acquisition of Pyramid Life, $2.5
million to American Pioneer, $2.5 million to American Progressive and $3.5
million to Union Bankers. Pennsylvania Life contributed $1.0 million to Pyramid
Life in 2003.
During 2002, Pennsylvania Life paid dividends amounting to $3.0 million
to American Exchange. Universal American contributed 100% of the common stock of
American Pioneer and American Progressive to American Exchange during 2002.
American Exchange also received capital contributions from its parent totaling
$4.2 million during the year. American Exchange made capital contributions of
$3.0 million to American Pioneer and $1.2 million to American Progressive during
2002.
During 2001, Union Bankers paid cash dividends amounting to $1.7
million to American Exchange. In addition, the insurance companies included in
the tax allocation agreement with American Exchange paid $6.5 million in tax
sharing payments to American Exchange. In connection with the equity offering
discussed above, American Exchange received $4.3 million in capital
contributions from its parent. During 2001, American Exchange made cash capital
contributions of $7.0 million to Pennsylvania Life.
Insurance Subsidiaries
Liquidity for our insurance company subsidiaries is measured by their
ability to pay scheduled contractual benefits, pay operating expenses, and fund
investment commitments. Sources of liquidity include scheduled and unscheduled
principal and interest payments on investments, premium payments and deposits
and the sale of liquid investments. We believe that these sources of cash for
our insurance company subsidiaries exceed scheduled uses of cash.
Liquidity is also affected by unscheduled benefit payments including
death benefits, benefits under accident and health insurance policies and
interest-sensitive policy surrenders and withdrawals. The amount of surrenders
and withdrawals is affected by a variety of factors such as credited interest
rates for similar products, general economic conditions and events in the
industry that affect policyholders' confidence. Although the contractual terms
of substantially all of our in force life insurance policies and
55
annuities give the holders the right to surrender the policies and annuities, we
impose penalties for early surrenders. As of December 31, 2003 we held reserves
that exceeded the underlying cash surrender values of our net retained in force
life insurance and annuities by $28.4 million. Our insurance subsidiaries, in
our view, have not experienced any material changes in surrender and withdrawal
activity in recent years.
Changes in interest rates may affect the incidence of policy surrenders
and withdrawals. In addition to the potential impact on liquidity, unanticipated
surrenders and withdrawals in a changed interest rate environment could
adversely affect earnings if we were required to sell investments at reduced
values in order to meet liquidity demands. We manage our asset and liability
portfolios in order to minimize the adverse earnings impact of changing market
rates. We seek to invest in assets that have duration and interest rate
characteristics similar to the liabilities that they support.
The net yields on our cash and invested assets decreased to 5.3% in
2003 from 6.4% in 2002. A portion of these securities are held to support the
liabilities for policyholder account balances, which liabilities are subject to
periodic adjustments to their credited interest rates. The credited interest
rates of the interest-sensitive policyholder account balances are determined by
us based upon factors such as portfolio rates of return and prevailing market
rates and typically follow the pattern of yields on the assets supporting these
liabilities.
Our insurance subsidiaries are required to maintain minimum amounts of
capital and surplus as determined by statutory accounting practices. As of
December 31, 2003, each insurance company subsidiary's statutory capital and
surplus exceeded its respective minimum requirement. However, substantially more
than these minimum amounts are needed to meet statutory and administrative
requirements of adequate capital and surplus to support the current level of our
insurance subsidiaries' operations. The statutory capital and surplus, including
asset valuation reserves, of our U.S. domiciled insurance subsidiaries totaled
$117.1 million at December 31, 2003 and $106.5 million at December 31, 2002. The
net statutory income for the year ended December 31, 2003 was $6.0 million,
which included net realized losses of $0.3 million. The net statutory loss for
the year ended December 31, 2002 was $9.1 million, which included net realized
losses of $16.8 million.
The National Association of Insurance Commissioners has developed, and
state insurance regulators have adopted, risk-based capital requirements on life
insurance enterprises. At December 31, 2003 all of our insurance company
subsidiaries maintained ratios of total adjusted capital to risk-based capital
in excess of the minimum trigger point for regulatory action.
Penncorp Life (Canada) is subject to Canadian capital requirements and
reports its results to Canadian regulatory authorities based upon Canadian
generally accepted accounting principles that vary in some respects from U.S.
statutory accounting practices, and U.S. generally accepted accounting
principles. Under Canadian generally accepted actuarial practice, periodic
morbidity and lapse experience studies are performed, that may result in an
increase or decrease in policy benefit liabilities in that year. Penncorp Life
(Canada) completed such a study during the fourth quarter of 2003, resulting in
a C$42.3 million reduction in policy benefit liabilities. Net income based on
Canadian generally accepted accounting principles was C$34.4 million (US$24.6
million) for the year ended December 31, 2003 and was C$12.8 million (US$8.2
million) for 2002. Canadian net assets based upon Canadian generally accepted
accounting principles were C$82.9 million (US$63.5 million) at December 31, 2003
and C$59.7 million (US$38.1 million) as of December 31, 2002. Penncorp Life
(Canada) maintained a Minimum Continuing Capital and Surplus Requirement Ratio
("MCCSR") in excess of the minimum requirement at December 31, 2003.
Dividend payments by our U.S insurance companies to our holding company
or to intermediate subsidiaries are limited by, or subject to the approval of
the insurance regulatory authorities of each insurance company's state of
domicile. Such dividend requirements and approval processes vary significantly
from state to state. Pennsylvania Life would be able to pay ordinary dividends
of up to $10.6 million and Constitution would be able to pay $2.3 million to
American Exchange (their direct parent) without the prior approval from the
Pennsylvania or Texas Insurance Departments in 2004. Pyramid Life
56
would be able to pay ordinary dividends of up to $2.2 million to Pennsylvania
Life (its direct parent) without the prior approval from the Kansas Insurance
Department and Marquette would be able to pay ordinary dividends of up to $0.2
million to Constitution (its direct parent) without the prior approval from the
Texas Insurance Department in 2004. American Exchange, American Pioneer and
Union Bankers had negative earned surplus at December 31, 2003 and would not be
able to pay dividends in 2004 without special approval.
Penncorp Life (Canada) is a Canadian insurance company. Canadian law
provides that a life insurer may pay a dividend after such dividend declaration
has been approved by its board of directors and upon at least 10 days prior
notification to the Superintendent of Financial Institutions. Such a dividend is
limited to retained net income (based on Canadian GAAP) for the preceding two
years, plus net income earned for the current year. In considering approval of a
dividend, the board of directors must consider whether the payment of such
dividend would be in contravention of the Insurance Companies Act of Canada.
During the first quarter of 2004, Penncorp Life (Canada) paid dividends of
C$26.7 million (approximately US$20.0 million) to Universal American in 2004.
Accordingly, we anticipate that Penncorp (Canada) will be able to pay dividends
equal to its net income earned during 2004.
We do not expect that our other insurance subsidiaries will be able to
pay ordinary dividends in 2004.
Investments
Our investment policy is to balance the portfolio duration to achieve
investment returns consistent with the preservation of capital and maintenance
of liquidity adequate to meet payment of policy benefits and claims. We invest
in assets permitted under the insurance laws of the various states in which we
operate. Such laws generally prescribe the nature, quality of and limitations on
various types of investments that may be made. However, we do not currently have
investments in partnerships, special purpose entities, real estate, commodity
contracts, or other derivative securities. We currently engage the services of
three investment advisors under the direction of the management of our insurance
company subsidiaries and in accordance with guidelines adopted by the Investment
Committees of their respective boards of directors. Conning Asset Management
Company manages the portfolio of all of our United States subsidiaries, except
for the portfolio of Pyramid Life, which is managed by Hyperion Capital. MFC
Global Investment Management manages our Canadian portfolio. We invest primarily
in fixed maturity securities of the U.S. Government and its agencies and in
corporate fixed maturity securities with investment grade ratings of "BBB-"
(Standard & Poor's Corporation), "Baa3" (Moody's Investor Service) or higher.
Our current policy is not to invest in derivative programs or other hybrid
securities, except for GNMA's, FNMA's and investment grade corporate
collateralized mortgage obligations.
As of December 31, 2003, 99.3% of our fixed maturity investments had
investment grade ratings from Standard & Poor's Corporation or Moodys Investor
Service. There were no non-income producing fixed maturities as of December 31,
2003. We wrote down the value of certain fixed maturity securities by $1.3
million during 2003, and by $10.6 million during 2002 (primarily as a result of
the impairment of our World Com holdings). In each case, these write-downs
represent our estimate of other than temporary declines in value and were
included in net realized gains (losses) on investments in our consolidated
statements of operations.
As of December 31, 2003, our insurance company subsidiaries held cash
and cash equivalents totaling $99.9 million, as well as fixed maturity
securities that could readily be converted to cash with carrying values (and
fair values) of $952.2 million. The fair values of these holdings totaled
$1,052.1 million as of December 31, 2003.
FEDERAL INCOME TAXATION OF THE COMPANY
We file a consolidated return for Federal income tax purposes, in which
the insurance companies are not currently included. As of December 31, 2003 we
(exclusive of the insurance companies) had net operating tax loss carryforwards
of approximately $1.7 million that expire in the year 2015 and capital loss
carryforwards of $1.3 million that expire in 2007. As of December 31, 2003, we
also had an Alternative
57
Minimum Tax ("AMT") credit carryforward for Federal income tax purposes of
approximately $0.2 million that can be carried forward indefinitely. As a result
of the change in our ownership in July 1999, use of most of our loss
carryforwards is subject to annual limitations.
American Exchange and the other U. S. insurance companies, other than
Peninsular, file a separate consolidated Federal income tax return. As of
December 31, 2003, these companies had net operating loss carryforwards, most of
which were incurred prior to their acquisition by us, of approximately $27.2
million that expire in the years 2008 to 2017. At December 31, 2003, American
Exchange and its subsidiaries also had capital loss carryforwards of $12.3
million that expire in years 2006 and 2007. As a result of the change in the
ownership of the companies acquired in 1999, use of most of these loss
carryforwards is subject to annual limitations.
As of December 31, 2003 and 2002, we carried valuation allowances of
$0.6 million and $5.1 million, respectively, with respect to our tax loss
carryforwards (deferred tax assets). We determine a valuation allowance based
upon an analysis of projected taxable income and our ability to implement
prudent and feasible tax planning strategies. The tax planning strategies
include the expense reductions anticipated from our increased scale and from the
income generated by our administrative services companies. As a result of the
continued profitability of the insurance subsidiaries acquired in 1999 and 2003,
valuation allowances on certain of the life tax loss carryforwards were
considered not necessary at December 31, 2003. The amount of the life valuation
allowance released during 2003 was $4.5 million and was recorded as a benefit in
the deferred income tax expense. This benefit was reduced by reserve amounts
established related to pre-acquisition tax years of certain life insurance
subsidiaries that currently are being examined by the Internal Revenue Service.
As a result of the increased profitability of the Administrative Services
segment, valuation allowances on certain of the non-life tax loss carryforwards
were considered not necessary as of December 31, 2003. The amount of the
non-life valuation allowance released during 2003 was $0.1 million and was
recorded as a benefit in the deferred income tax expense. We believe it is more
likely than not that we will realize the recorded net deferred tax assets.
Our U.S. insurance company subsidiaries, other than Peninsular Life
Insurance Company, are taxed as life insurance companies as provided in the
Internal Revenue Code. The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990 amended the
Internal Revenue Code to require a portion of the expenses incurred in selling
insurance products to be capitalized and amortized over a period of years, as
opposed to an immediate deduction in the year incurred. Instead of measuring
actual selling expenses, the amount capitalized for tax purposes is based on a
percentage of premiums. In general, the capitalized amounts are subject to
amortization over a ten-year period. Since this change only affects the timing
of the deductions, it does not, assuming stability of rates, affect the
provisions for taxes reflected in our financial statements prepared in
accordance with GAAP. However, by deferring deductions, the change does have the
effect of increasing the current tax expense, thereby reducing statutory
surplus. Because of our insurance company subsidiaries' net operating loss
carryforwards, there was no material increase in our current income tax
provision for any of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2003 due
to this provision.
EFFECTS OF RECENTLY ISSUED AND PENDING ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
For a discussion of our accounting policies, including recently issued
and pending accounting pronouncements, see Note 2 - Summary of Significant
Accounting Policies. There was no material impact on our consolidated financial
condition or results of operations as a result of our adoption of the recently
issued accounting pronouncements, nor do we anticipate any material impact from
the future adoption of the pending accounting pronouncements.
ITEM 7A - QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
In general, market risk relates to changes in the value of financial
instruments that arise from adverse movements in interest rates, equity prices
and foreign exchange rates. We are exposed principally to changes in interest
rates that affect the market prices of our fixed income securities as well as
the cost of our debt. Additionally, we are exposed to changes in the Canadian
dollar that affects the translation of the financial position and the results of
operations of our Canadian subsidiary.
58
Interest Rate Sensitivity
Our profitability could be affected if we were required to liquidate
fixed income securities during periods of rising and/or volatile interest rates.
However, we attempt to mitigate our exposure to adverse interest rate movements
through a combination of active portfolio management and by staggering the
maturities of our fixed income investments to assure sufficient liquidity to
meet our obligations and to address reinvestment risk considerations. Our
insurance liabilities generally arise over relatively long periods of time,
which typically permits ample time to prepare for their settlement. To date, we
have not used various financial risk management tools on our investment
securities, such as interest rate swaps, forwards, futures and options to modify
our exposure to changes in interest rates. However, we may consider using risk
management tools in the future.
Certain classes of mortgage-backed securities are subject to
significant prepayment risk due to the fact that in periods of declining
interest rates, individuals may refinance higher rate mortgages to take
advantage of the lower rates then available. We monitor and adjust our
investment portfolio mix to mitigate this risk.
We regularly conduct various analyses to gauge the financial impact of
changes in interest rate on our financial condition. The ranges selected in
these analyses reflect our assessment as being reasonably possible over the
succeeding twelve-month period. The magnitude of changes modeled in the
accompanying analyses should not be construed as a prediction of future economic
events, but rather, be treated as a simple illustration of the potential impact
of such events on our financial results.
The sensitivity analysis of interest rate risk assumes an instantaneous
shift in a parallel fashion across the yield curve, with scenarios of interest
rates increasing and decreasing 100 and 200 basis points from their levels as of
December 31, 2003, and with all other variables held constant. A 100 basis point
increase in market interest rates would result in a pre-tax decrease in the
market value of our fixed income investments of $75.2 million and a 200 basis
point increase in market interest rates would result in $144.4 million decrease.
Similarly, a 100 basis point decrease in market interest rates would result in a
pre-tax increase in the market value of our fixed income investments of $77.9
million and a 200 basis point decrease in market interest rates would result in
a $163.6 million increase.
Currency Exchange Rate Sensitivity
Portions of our operations are transacted using the Canadian dollar as
the functional currency. As of and for the year ended December 31, 2003,
approximately 13% of our assets, 12% of our revenues, excluding realized gains,
and 21% of our income before realized gains and taxes were derived from our
Canadian operations. As of and for the year ended December 31, 2002,
approximately 13% of our assets, 17% of our revenues, excluding realized gains,
and 22% of our income before realized gains and taxes were derived from our
Canadian operations. Accordingly, our earnings and shareholder's equity are
affected by fluctuations in the value of the U.S. dollar as compared to the
Canadian dollar. Although this risk is somewhat mitigated by the fact that both
the assets and liabilities for our foreign operations are denominated in
Canadian dollars, we are still subject to translation gains and losses.
We periodically conduct various analyses to gauge the financial impact
of changes in the foreign currency exchange rate on our financial condition. The
ranges selected in these analyses reflect our assessment of what is reasonably
possible over the succeeding twelve-month period.
A 10% strengthening of the U.S. dollar relative to the Canadian dollar,
as compared to the actual exchange rate for 2003, would have resulted in a
decrease in our income before realized gains and taxes of approximately $1.2
million for 2003 and a decrease in our shareholders' equity of approximately
$4.9 million at December 31, 2003. A 10% weakening of the U.S. dollar relative
to the Canadian dollar would have resulted in an increase in our income before
realized gains and taxes of approximately $1.5 million for 2003 and an increase
in shareholders' equity of approximately $6.0 million at December 31, 2003. Our
sensitivity analysis of the effects of changes in foreign currency exchange
rates does not factor in any potential change in sales levels, local prices or
any other variables.
59
The magnitude of changes reflected in the above analysis regarding
interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates should, in no manner, be
construed as a prediction of future economic events, but rather as a simple
illustration of the potential impact of such events on our financial results.
Debt
We pay interest on our term loan and a portion of our trust preferred
securities based on the London Interbank Offering Rate ("LIBOR") for one, two or
three months. Due to the variable interest rate for this loan, the Company would
be subject to higher interest costs if short-term interest rates rise. We have
attempted to mitigate our exposure to adverse interest rate movements by fixing
the rate on $15.0 million of the trust preferred securities for a five year
period through the contractual terms of the security at inception and an
additional $15.0 million through the use of an interest rate swap.
We regularly conduct various analyses to gauge the financial impact of
changes in interest rate on our financial condition. The ranges selected in
these analyses reflect our assessment as being reasonably possible over the
succeeding twelve-month period. The magnitude of changes modeled in the
accompanying analyses should not be construed as a prediction of future economic
events, but rather, be treated as a simple illustration of the potential impact
of such events on our financial results.
The sensitivity analysis of interest rate risk assumes scenarios
increases or decreases in LIBOR of 100 and 200 basis points from their levels as
of December 31, 2003, and with all other variables held constant. The following
table summarizes the annualized impact of changes in LIBOR, based on the
weighted average balance outstanding and the weighted average interest rates for
the twelve months ended December 31, 2003.
Effect of Change in LIBOR on Pre-tax Income
Weighted Weighted -------------------------------------------------------
Average Average 200 Basis 100 Basis 100 Basis 200 Basis
Interest Balance Point Point Point Point
Description Rat Outstanding Decrease Decrease Increase Increase
----------- -------- ----------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
(in millions)
Floating rate debt 4.5% $49.9 $ 1.0 $ 0.5 $ (0.5) $ (1.0)
Floating rate trust
preferred 5.3% $20.3 0.4 0.2 (0.2) (0.4)
------ ----- ------ ------
Total $ 1.4 $ 0.7 $ (0.7) $ (1.4)
====== ===== ====== ======
We anticipate that the weighted average balance outstanding of our
floating rate debt will decrease to $35.4 million for the year ending December
31, 2004, as a result of repayments. Further, we anticipate that the weighted
average balance of our floating rate trust preferred will increase to $45.0
million in 2004, as a result of the impact of the 2003 issuances being
outstanding for the full year. However, we also anticipate that in connection
with the pending acquisition of Heritage Health Systems, Inc., we will refinance
our floating rate debt and possibly issue additional trust preferred securities.
ITEM 8 - FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
The financial statements and supplementary schedules are listed in the
accompanying Index to Consolidated Financial Statements and Financial Statement
Schedules on Page F - 1.
ITEM 9 - CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None
60
ITEM 9A - CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management evaluated, with the participation of our principal
executive and principal financial officers, the effectiveness of our disclosure
controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), as of December
31, 2003. Based on their evaluation, our principal executive and principal
financial officers concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were
effective as of December 31, 2003.
Change in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There has been no change in our internal control over financial
reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act)
that occurred during our fourth fiscal quarter of 2003 that has materially
affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control
over financial reporting.
61
PART III
ITEM 10 - DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT
The following table sets forth information regarding our executive
officers and directors:
NAME AGE POSITION
- ------------------------------------------------ --- -----------------------------------------------------------
Richard A. Barasch (4) ......................... 50 Chairman of the Board of Directors, President and Chief
Executive Officer; Chairman of the Board, President, and
Chief Executive Officer of American Progressive; and
Chairman of the Board of all our other subsidiaries
Robert A. Waegelein, C.P.A (3).................. 43 Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer;
Director of all our subsidiaries
Gary W. Bryant ................................. 54 Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of the
Company; President, Chief Executive Officer and Director of
American Pioneer; Vice Chairman of American Progressive and
Pennsylvania Life and Director, President and Chief
Executive Officer of American Exchange, Constitution Life,
Marquette National Life, Peninsular Life and Union Bankers.
William E. Wehner, C.L.U........................ 60 President and Director of Pennsylvania Life and Senior Vice
President and Chief Marketing Officer of American Pioneer
and our other subsidiaries.
Bradley E. Cooper (3) (4) ...................... 37 Director
Mark M. Harmeling (2)........................... 51 Director
Bertram Harnett (3) (4) ........................ 81 Director
Linda H. Lamel (1)(2)(5)........................ 60 Director
Eric Leathers (2)............................... 30 Director
Patrick J. McLaughlin (1) (3) (4)............... 46 Director
Robert A. Spass (4)(5) ......................... 48 Director
Robert F. Wright (1)(5) ........................ 78 Director
- ------------------
(1) Member of the Audit Committee.
(2) Member of the Compensation Committee.
(3) Member of the Investment Committee.
(4) Member of the Executive Committee.
(5) Member of the Nominating Committee.
62
RICHARD A. BARASCH. Mr. Barasch has served as a Director since July
1988, as Chairman since December 1997, as President since April 1991 and as
Chief Executive Officer since June 1995. He has served as a Director and the
President of American Progressive since 1991, and he is Chairman of the Board of
all of our subsidiaries. Mr. Barasch has held positions with our subsidiaries
since their acquisition or organization.
ROBERT A. WAEGELEIN, C.P.A. Mr. Waegelein has served as our Executive
Vice President and Chief Financial Officer since October 1990 and has been Chief
Financial Officer of each of our subsidiaries since they were acquired or
organized. Prior to that, Mr. Waegelein, a certified public accountant, was
employed by KPMG Peat Marwick LLP, the company's then independent public
accountants, in positions of increasing responsibility, finally serving as
Senior Manager.
GARY W. BRYANT. Mr. Bryant has served as Executive Vice President since
June 1995 and Chief Operating Officer since June 2000. He has also been a
Director, President and Chief Executive Officer of American Pioneer since April
1983, Vice Chairman of American Progressive and Pennsylvania Life since 2001 and
a Director, President and Chief Executive Officer of American Exchange since
December 1997. In addition, Mr. Bryant has served as a Director and President of
Constitution Life, Marquette, Peninsular Life and Union Bankers since March
2000. Mr. Bryant has also served as the Chairman of the Board of CHCS Services,
Inc. since January 2000.
WILLIAM E. WEHNER, C.L.U. Mr. Wehner has served as a Director and as
President of Pennsylvania Life since April 2000. Mr. Wehner has also been Senior
Vice President and Chief Marketing Officer of American Pioneer and other
subsidiaries since November 1997. Mr. Wehner was employed for over twenty years
by Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York and its affiliates in positions of
increasing responsibility, finally serving as Vice President for Group
Insurance.
BRADLEY E. COOPER. Mr. Cooper has served as a Director since July 1999.
Mr. Cooper is a Senior Vice President, Director, Partner and co-founder of
Capital Z, which owns 46.8% of our outstanding stock. Prior to joining Capital
Z, Mr. Cooper served in similar roles at Insurance Partners, L.P. (from 1994 to
1998) and International Insurance Advisors, L.P. (from 1990 to 1994). Prior to
that, Mr. Cooper was an investment banker in the Financial Institutions Group at
Salomon Brothers, Inc. (from 1988 to 1990). Mr. Cooper currently serves on the
board of directors of CERES Group, Inc. and PXRE Group, Ltd.
MARK M. HARMELING. Mr. Harmeling has served as a Director since July
1990. He has also served as Director of American Progressive from 1992 to 1999.
Mr. Harmeling is self employed in the real estate industry. He was previously a
Managing Director of TA Associates Realty, a pension fund advisory firm from
2001 to 2003. From 1997 to 2001, Mr. Harmeling was employed by AG Spanos
Companies. He was previously President of Bay State Realty Advisors, a real
estate management and development company from 1993 to 1997. Mr. Harmeling is
also a Director of Rochester Shoetree Corporation and Applied Extrusion
Technologies, Inc.
BERTRAM HARNETT. Mr. Harnett has served as a Director since 1996. Mr.
Harnett has been a practicing lawyer since 1948 and has been President of the
law firm of Harnett Lesnick & Ripps P.A., Boca Raton, Florida and its
predecessors since 1988. He is the author of treatises on insurance law and is a
retired Justice of the New York State Supreme Court.
LINDA H. LAMEL. Ms. Lamel is an attorney and consultant in private
practice. She was CEO of Claims online, a technology company specializing in
insurance claims processing, from 2000 to 2002. Previous to that, Ms. Lamel was
Executive Director of the Risk and Insurance Management Society, an association
of corporate insurance buyers (from 1997 to 2000); Vice-President of TIAA-CREF
heading their group insurance operation (from 1988 to 1996), President of the
College of Insurance (from 1983 to 1988) and Deputy Superintendent of the
Insurance Department of New York (from 1977 to 1983).
ERIC LEATHERS. Mr. Leathers is a Principal of Capital Z. Prior to
joining Capital Z in August 1998, Mr. Leathers was an investment banker with
Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette, where he specialized in mergers and acquisitions,
corporate financings, and private equity transactions within the insurance
industry.
63
PATRICK J. MCLAUGHLIN. Mr. McLaughlin has served as a Director since
January 1995. Mr. McLaughlin has been a Managing Director of Emerald Capital
Group, Ltd., an asset management and consulting firm specializing in the
insurance industry, since April 1993. Prior to that he was an Executive Vice
President and Chief Investment Officer of Life Partners Group, Inc., Managing
Director of Conning & Company and Senior Vice President and Chief Investment
Officer of ICH Corporation.
ROBERT A. SPASS. Mr. Spass has served as a Director since July 1999.
Mr. Spass is the Chairman of the Board, a Partner and co-founder of Capital Z,
which owns 46.8% of our outstanding stock. Prior to founding Capital Z, Mr.
Spass was the Managing Partner and co-founder of Insurance Partners, L.P. (from
1994 to 1998). Prior to the formation of Insurance Partners, L.P., Mr. Spass was
President and CEO of International Insurance Advisors L.P. (from 1990 to 1994).
Prior to that, Mr. Spass was a Director of Investment Banking at Salomon
Brothers (from 1984 to 1990) and a Senior Manager for Peat Marwick Main & Co.
(from 1978 to 1984). Mr. Spass serves on the board of directors of CERES Group,
Inc., Endurance Holdings, Inc., Aames Financial Corp. and USI Holdings
Corporation.
ROBERT F. WRIGHT. Mr. Wright has served as a Director since June 1998.
Mr. Wright has been President of Robert F. Wright Associates, Inc. since 1988.
Prior to that, Mr. Wright was a senior partner of the public accounting firm of
Arthur Andersen LLP. Mr. Wright is Director of Reliance Standard Life Insurance
Company (and its affiliates), GVA Williams, The Navigators Group, Inc. and USI
Holdings Corporation.
All of the executive officers listed above devote their full business
time to the Company. All of our officers and directors are elected annually for
one-year terms. All officers and directors hold office until their successors
are duly elected and qualified.
Our by-laws provide that our Board of Directors shall set the number of
directors. Our Board of Directors currently consists of nine directors.
The Company has a separately-designated standing Audit Committee,
established in accordance with section 3 (a) (58) (A) of the Exchange Act. The
Audit Committee is composed of Linda H. Lamel, Patrick J. McLaughlin and Robert
F. Wright, and has adopted a written charter. In addition, the company has a
Transactions Committee, a Compensation Committee, a Nominating Committee, an
Investment Committee and an Executive Committee. The Transactions Committee
reviews and makes recommendations to our Board on certain transactions
entertained by us. The Compensation Committee reviews and recommends
compensation, including stock-based compensation, for our officers. The
Nominating Committee is responsible for identifying and recommending to the
Board, candidates for nomination for election at the annual meeting of
shareholders or to fill Board vacancies. The Investment Committee reviews the
Company's investment policy and guidelines, reviews portfolio performance and
reviews and approves all investment transactions. The Executive Committee has
the authority to act between Board meetings on behalf of our Board, on all
matters allowed by law.
The Company has adopted a Code of Ethics and Corporate Conduct, which
is applicable to all employees of the Company, including the principal executive
officer, the principal financial officer and the principal accounting officer.
The Code of Ethics and Corporate Conduct is available on the Company's website
at: http://www.uafc.com. We intend to post on our website any amendments to, or
waivers from, our Code of Ethics applicable to our senior officers.
Additional information required by this item is incorporated by
reference to our definitive proxy statement to be filed pursuant to Regulation
14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 within 120 days after the end of
our fiscal year ended December 31, 2003.
ITEM 11 - EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Information required by this item is incorporated by reference to our
definitive proxy statement to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A under the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 within 120 days after the end of our fiscal year
ended December 31, 2003.
64
ITEM 12 - SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT
Information required by this item is incorporated by reference to our
definitive proxy statement to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A under the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 within 120 days after the end of our fiscal year
ended December 31, 2003.
ITEM 13 - CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
Information required by this item is incorporated by reference to our
definitive proxy statement to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A under the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 within 120 days after the end of our fiscal year
ended December 31, 2003.
ITEM 14. - PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
Information required by this item is incorporated by reference to our
definitive proxy statement to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A under the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 within 120 days after the end of our fiscal year
ended December 31, 2003.
PART IV
ITEM 15 - EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K
(a) DOCUMENTS FILED AS PART OF THIS REPORT:
1 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
See separate index to Financial Statements and Financial
Statement Schedules on Page F - 1.
2 FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
See separate index to Financial Statements and Financial
Statement Schedules on Page F - 1.
3 EXHIBITS
3(a) Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Universal
American Financial Corp. (incorporated by reference
to Exhibit 3.1 to the registrant's Amendment No. 2 to
the Registration Statement (No. 333-62036) on Form
S-3 filed on July 11, 2001).
3(b) By-Laws, as amended, incorporated by reference to
Exhibit A to Form 8-K dated August 13, 1999.
4 Instruments defining rights of security holders. See
Exhibits 3(a) and 10(e)
10(a) Amended and Restated Purchase Agreement among the
Company, dated December 31, 1999, as amended and
restated on July 2, 1999, between Universal American,
PennCorp Financial Group, Inc. ("PFG") and several of
PFG's subsidiaries, incorporated by reference to
Annex B of Proxy Statement dated July 12, 1999.
10(b) Share Purchase Agreement, as of December 31, 1998,
between the Company and Capital Z Financial Services
Fund II, L.P. as amended by Amendment, dated
65
as of July 2, 1999, incorporated by reference to
Annex A of Proxy Statement dated July 12, 1999.
10(c) Shareholders Agreement dated July 30, 1999, among the
Company, Capital Z Financial Services Fund II, L.P.,
UAFC, L.P., AAM Capital Partners, L.P., Chase Equity
Associates, L.P., Richard A. Barasch and others,
incorporated by reference to Exhibit A of Form 8-K
dated August 13, 1999.
10(d) Registration Rights Agreement, dated July 30, 1999,
among the Company, Capital Z Financial Services Fund
II, L.P., Wand/Universal American Investments L.P.I.,
Wand/Universal American Investments L.P. II, Chase
Equity Associates, L.P., Richard A. Barasch and
others, incorporated by reference to Exhibit A to
Form 8-K dated August 13, 1999.
10(e) Credit Agreement dated as of July 30, 1999, among the
Registrant and the Chase Manhattan Bank as agent, the
lender and signatory thereto, incorporated by
reference to Exhibit C to Form 8-K/A dated March 16,
2001.
10(f) Employment Contracts, between Registrant and the
following officers:
Richard A. Barasch, dated July 30, 1999
Robert A. Waegelein, dated July 30, 1999
Gary W. Bryant, dated July 30, 1999
William E. Wehner, dated July 30, 1999
incorporated by reference to Exhibits D and E to Form
8-K/A dated March 16, 2001.
10(g) Agent Equity Plan for Agents of Penn Union Companies
incorporated by reference to Amendment 1 to
Registration Statement on Form S-2, dated July 13,
2000.
10(h) Agent Equity Plan for Regional Managers and Sub
Managers of Penn Union Companies incorporated by
reference to Amendment 1 to Registration Statement on
Form S-2, dated July 13, 2000.
10(i) 1998 Incentive Compensation Plan, incorporated by
reference to Annex A of Definitive Proxy Statement
filed on Form 14A dated April 29, 1998.
10(j) Purchase Agreement dated as of December 20, 2002, by
and among Universal American Financial Corp.,
Pennsylvania Life Insurance Company, Ceres Group,
Inc. and Continental General Insurance Company
incorporated by reference to Form 8-K dated December
20, 2002.
10(k) Credit Agreement dated March 31, 2003, among the
Company, various lending institutions and, Bank of
America, N.A., as the Administrative Agent, the
Collateral Agent and the L/C Issuer incorporated by
reference to Form 8-K dated March 27, 2003.
10(l) Agreement dated as of July 6, 2000, by and between
ALICOMP, a division of ALICARE, Inc. and Universal
American Financial Corp. incorporated by reference to
Form 10-Q/A (Amendment No. 1) for the period ended
September 30, 2003, dated December 23, 2003.
11 Computation of basic and diluted earnings per share,
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 128,
Earnings Per Share, incorporated by reference to Note
18 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for
2002, included in this
66
Form 10-K.
21 List of Subsidiaries:
State of Percentage
Name Incorporation Owned
---- --------------- ----------
American Exchange Life Insurance Company Texas 100%
American Pioneer Life Insurance Company Florida 100%
American Progressive Life & Health Insurance Company
of New York New York 100%
Ameriplus Preferred Care, Inc. Florida 100%
CHCS, Inc. Florida 100%
CHCS Services, Inc. Florida 100%
Constitution Life Insurance Company Texas 100%
Marquette National Life Insurance Company Texas 100%
Peninsular Life Insurance Company Florida 100%
Penncorp Life Insurance Company Ontario, Canada 100%
Pennsylvania Life Insurance Company Pennsylvania 100%
Pyramid Life Insurance Company Kansas 100%
Union Bankers Insurance Company Texas 100%
Universal American Financial Corp. Statutory Trust I Connecticut 100%
Universal American Financial Corp. Statutory Trust II Connecticut 100%
Universal American Financial Corp. Statutory Trust III Delaware 100%
Universal American Financial Corp. Statutory Trust IV Connecticut 100%
Universal American Financial Corp. Statutory Trust V Delaware 100%
Universal American Financial Services, Inc. Delaware 100%
WorldNet Services Corp. Florida 100%
23(a) Consent of Ernst & Young LLP
31.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to
Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to
Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to
Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. *
32.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to
Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. *
* Furnished herewith pursuant to Item 601(b)(32) of SEC Regulation S-K.
67
(b) REPORTS ON FORM 8-K DURING THE FOURTH QUARTER OF 2003
1. Form 8-K filed on November 13, 2003 regarding the placement of $20
million of trust preferred securities and the press release
announcing results of operations and financial condition for the
period ended September 30, 2003.
2. Form 8-K filed on February 19, 2004 regarding the press release
announcing results of operations and financial condition for the
period ended December 31, 2003.
3. Form 8-K filed on March 10, 2004 regarding the press release
announcing the acquisition of Heritage Health Systems, Inc.
68
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, the Company has duly caused this report to be signed on
its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized on the 15th day of
March 2004.
UNIVERSAL AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORP.
(Registrant)
By: /s/ Richard A. Barasch
----------------------------------
Richard A. Barasch
Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report
has been signed below on March 15, 2004 by the following persons in the
capacities indicated:
Signatures Title
---------- -----
/s/ Richard A. Barasch Chairman of the Board, President, Chief Executive
- --------------------------- Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer)
Richard A. Barasch
/s/ Robert A. Waegelein Executive Vice President and Chief Financial
- --------------------------- Officer (Principal Accounting Officer)
Robert A. Waegelein
/s/ Bradley E. Cooper Director
- ---------------------------
Bradley E. Cooper
/s/ Mark M. Harmeling Director
- ---------------------------
Mark M. Harmeling
/s/ Bertram Harnett Director
- ---------------------------
Bertram Harnett
/s/ Linda H. Lamel Director
- ---------------------------
Linda H. Lamel
/s/ Eric Leathers Director
- ---------------------------
Eric Leathers
/s/ Patrick J. McLaughlin Director
- ---------------------------
Patrick J. McLaughlin
/s/ Robert A. Spass Director
- ---------------------------
Robert A. Spass
/s/ Robert F. Wright Director
- ---------------------------
Robert Wright
69
UNIVERSAL AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND FINANCIAL
STATEMENT SCHEDULES OF THE REGISTRANT:
Independent Auditors' Reports F-2
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2003 and 2002 F-3
Consolidated Statements of Operations
for the Three Years Ended December 31, 2003 F-4
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity and Comprehensive Income
for the Three Years Ended December 31, 2003 F-5
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
for the Three Years Ended December 31, 2003 F-6
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements F-7
Schedule I -- Summary of Investments - other than investments in related parties F-45
Schedule II -- Condensed Financial Information of Registrant F-46
Notes to Condensed Financial Information F-49
Schedule III -- Supplementary Insurance Information F-50
Schedule IV - Reinsurance
(incorporated in Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements)
Schedule V - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
(incorporated in Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements)
Other schedules were omitted because they were not applicable
Independent Auditors' Report
The Board of Directors and Stockholders
Universal American Financial Corp.:
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Universal
American Financial Corp. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2003 and 2002 and
the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders' equity and
comprehensive income, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period
ended December 31, 2003. Our audits also included the financial statement
schedules listed in the Index at Item 15(a). These financial statements and
schedules are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility
is to express an opinion on these financial statements and schedules based on
our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted
in the United States. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit
to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free
of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence
supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit
also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates
made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement
presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our
opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present
fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of
Universal American Financial Corp. and subsidiaries at December 31, 2003 and
2002 and the consolidated results of their operations and their cash flows for
each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2003 in conformity with
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. Also, in our
opinion, the related financial statement schedules, when considered in relation
to the basic financial statements taken as a whole, present fairly in all
material respects the information set forth therein.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
New York, New York
February 20, 2004,
except for Note 25, as to which the date is
March 10, 2004
F-2
UNIVERSAL AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
DECEMBER 31, 2003 AND 2002
(IN THOUSANDS)
2003 2002
------------ ------------
ASSETS
Investments (Notes 2 and 6):
Fixed maturities available for sale, at fair value
(amortized cost: 2003, $1,081,954; 2002, $884,054) $ 1,141,392 $ 934,950
Equity securities, at fair value (cost: 2003, $1,481; 2002, $1,661) 1,507 1,645
Policy loans 25,502 23,745
Other invested assets 1,583 2,808
------------ ------------
Total investments 1,169,984 963,148
Cash and cash equivalents 116,524 36,754
Accrued investment income 14,476 11,885
Deferred policy acquisition costs (Notes 2 and 11) 143,711 92,093
Amounts due from reinsurers (Note 13) 219,182 220,100
Due and unpaid premiums 7,433 6,066
Deferred income tax asset (Note 7) 15,757 35,842
Present value of future profits and other amortizing intangible assets 44,047 2,987
Goodwill and other indefinite lived intangible assets (Notes 2 and 4) 13,117 7,973
Other assets 36,717 24,820
------------ ------------
Total assets $ 1,780,948 $ 1,401,668
============ ============
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
LIABILITIES
Policyholder account balances (Note 2) $ 419,685 $ 271,578
Reserves for future policy benefits 722,466 627,174
Policy and contract claims - life 8,672 6,718
Policy and contract claims - health (Note 12) 100,232 88,216
Loan payable (Note 14) 38,172 50,775
Company obligated mandatorily redeemable preferred securities
of subsidiary trusts holding solely junior subordinated
debentures (Note 15) 75,000 15,000
Amounts due to reinsurers 6,779 7,285
Income taxes payable 12,489 1,367
Other liabilities 51,715 46,786
------------ ------------
Total liabilities 1,435,210 1,114,899
------------ ------------
Commitments and contingencies (Note 17)
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (Note 8)
Common stock (Authorized: 80 million shares, issued:
2003, 54.1 million shares; 2002, 53.2 million shares) 541 532
Additional paid-in capital 164,355 158,264
Accumulated other comprehensive income (Notes 8 and 21) 39,774 29,887
Retained earnings 142,458 99,406
Less: Treasury stock (2003, 0.2 million shares; 2002, 0.2 million shares) (1,390) (1,320)
------------ ------------
Total stockholders' equity 345,738 286,769
------------ ------------
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $ 1,780,948 $ 1,401,668
============ ============
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-3
UNIVERSAL AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
FOR THE THREE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003
(IN THOUSANDS, PER SHARE AMOUNTS IN DOLLARS)
2003 2002 2001
------------ ------------ ------------
REVENUE:
Direct premiums and policyholder fees earned $ 700,415 $ 586,686 $ 513,575
Reinsurance premiums assumed 27,042 5,075 2,549
Reinsurance premiums ceded (280,489) (325,184) (286,918)
------------ ------------ ------------
Net premiums and policyholder fees earned (Note 13) 446,968 266,577 229,206
Net investment income (Note 6) 61,075 57,716 57,812
Realized gains (losses) on investments (Note 6) 2,057 (5,083) 3,078
Fee and other income 12,648 12,313 10,847
------------ ------------ ------------
Total revenues 522,748 331,523 300,943
------------ ------------ ------------
BENEFITS, CLAIMS AND EXPENSES:
Net increase in future policy benefits 14,423 12,880 10,450
Net claims and other benefits 292,211 168,526 154,570
Interest credited to policyholders 14,900 10,963 10,271
Net increase in deferred acquisition costs (Note 11) (51,104) (27,850) (19,186)
Amortization of present value of future profits
and goodwill (Note 4) 3,023 1,642 2,637
Commissions 135,937 115,074 99,026
Commission and expense allowances
on reinsurance ceded (69,712) (94,689) (87,122)
Interest expense 4,894 3,095 5,152
Early extinguishment of debt (Note 14) 1,766 - -
Other operating costs and expenses 109,931 97,852 81,782
------------ ------------ ------------
Total benefits, claims and expenses 456,269 287,493 257,580
------------ ------------ ------------
Income before income taxes 66,479 44,030 43,363
Income tax expense (Note 7) 23,427 13,903 14,438
------------ ------------ ------------
Net income $ 43,052 $ 30,127 $ 28,925
============ ============ ============
Earnings per common share (Notes 2 and 20):
Basic $ 0.80 $ 0.57 $ 0.58
============ ============ ============
Diluted $ 0.78 $ 0.56 $ 0.57
============ ============ ============
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-4
UNIVERSAL AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
FOR THE THREE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003
(IN THOUSANDS)
Accumulated
Additional Other
Common Paid-In Comprehensive Retained Treasury
Stock Capital Income Earnings Stock Total
------- ---------- ------------- --------- --------- ---------
Balance, January 1, 2001 $ 468 $ 128,625 $ 4,875 $ 40,354 $ (373) $ 173,949
Net income - - - 28,925 - 28,925
Other comprehensive income
(Note 21) - - 728 - - 728
---------
Comprehensive income 29,653
---------
Issuance of common stock (Note 8) 60 26,168 - - - 26,228
Stock-based compensation (Note 9) - 863 - - - 863
Loans to officers (Note 8) - 68 - - - 68
Treasury shares purchased, at
cost (Note 8) - - - - (764) (764)
Treasury shares reissued (Note 8) - 22 - - 751 773
--------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
Balance, December 31, 2001 528 155,746 5,603 69,279 (386) 230,770
Net income - - - 30,127 - 30,127
Other comprehensive income
(Note 21) - - 24,284 - - 24,284
---------
Comprehensive income 54,411
---------
Issuance of common stock (Note 8) 4 1,016 - - - 1,020
Stock-based compensation (Note 9) - 1,412 - - - 1,412
Loans to officers (Note 8) - 10 - - - 10
Treasury shares purchased, at
cost (Note 8) - - - - (1,520) (1,520)
Treasury shares reissued (Note 8) - 80 - - 586 666
--------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
Balance, December 31, 2002 532 158,264 29,887 99,406 (1,320) 286,769
Net income - - - 43,052 - 43,052
Other comprehensive income
(Note 21) - - 9,887 - - 9,887
---------
Comprehensive income - - - - - 52,939
---------
Issuance of common stock (Note 8) 9 4,077 - - - 4,086
Stock-based compensation (Note 9) - 1,343 - - - 1,343
Loans to officers (Note 8) - 653 - - - 653
Treasury shares purchased, at
cost (Note 8) - - - - (1,113) (1,113)
Treasury shares reissued (Note 8) - 18 - - 1,043 1,061
--------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
Balance, December 31, 2003 $ 541 $ 164,355 $ 39,774 $ 142,458 $ (1,390) $ 345,738
========= ========= ========= ========= ========= =========
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-5
UNIVERSAL AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
FOR THE THREE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003
(IN THOUSANDS)
2003 2002 2001
---------- ---------- ----------
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income $ 43,052 $ 30,127 $ 28,925
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash
provided by operating activities, net of balances acquired:
Deferred income taxes 7,839 9,404 8,695
Change in reserves for future policy benefits 17,393 33,780 22,885
Change in policy and contract claims 23 9,055 788
Change in deferred policy acquisition costs (51,103) (27,850) (19,186)
Amortization of present value of future profits and other intangibles 3,023 1,642 2,637
Net accretion of bond discount (3,299) (3,716) (3,770)
Amortization of capitalized loan origination fees 2,248 539 530
Change in policy loans 286 298 1,035
Change in accrued investment income (1,371) 778 (1,203)
Change in reinsurance balances 18,327 (7,983) (4,844)
Realized losses (gains) on investments (2,057) 5,083 (3,078)
Change in income taxes payable 10,488 (1,143) 1,452
Other, net (549) (1,349) (3,190)
---------- ---------- ----------
Net cash provided by operating activities 44,300 48,665 31,676
---------- ---------- ----------
Cash flows from investing activities:
Proceeds from sale or redemption of fixed maturities 271,968 266,541 323,608
Cost of fixed maturities purchased (335,629) (362,141) (364,699)
Proceeds from sale of equity securities 2,104 2,842 612
Cost of equity securities purchased (696) (640) (1,480)
Change in other invested assets 8 965 160
Change in due from/to broker (2,379) (4,362) -
Purchase of business, net of cash acquired (58,940) - (1,544)
Other investing activities (2,889) (2,539) (1,687)
---------- ---------- ----------
Net cash used by investing activities (126,453) (99,334) (45,030)
---------- ---------- ----------
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net proceeds from issuance of common stock 4,741 1,020 26,242
Cost of treasury stock purchases (1,113) (1,520) (764)
Change in policyholder account balances 109,870 34,835 3,791
Change in reinsurance on policyholder account balances 1,028 798 -
Principal repayment on loan payable (8,653) (10,700) (8,175)
Early extinguishment of debt (68,950) - -
Issuance of new debt 65,000 - -
Issuance of trust preferred securities 60,000 15,000 -
---------- ---------- ----------
Net cash provided by financing activities 161,923 39,433 21,094
---------- ---------- ----------
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 79,770 (11,236) 7,740
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 36,754 47,990 40,250
---------- ---------- ----------
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year $ 116,524 $ 36,754 $ 47,990
========== ========== ==========
Supplemental cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest $ 4,804 $ 2,574 $ 5,195
========== ========== ==========
Cash paid for income taxes $ 3,199 $ 3,707 $ 1,818
========== ========== ==========
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-6
UNIVERSAL AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. ORGANIZATION AND COMPANY BACKGROUND:
Universal American Financial Corp. was incorporated in the State of New
York in 1981 as a life and accident & health insurance holding company. The
consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("GAAP") and
consolidate the accounts of Universal American Financial Corp. ("Universal
American") and its subsidiaries (collectively the "Company"), American
Progressive Life & Health Insurance Company of New York ("American
Progressive"), American Pioneer Life Insurance Company ("American Pioneer"),
American Exchange Life Insurance Company ("American Exchange"), Pennsylvania
Life Insurance Company ("Pennsylvania Life"), Peninsular Life Insurance Company
("Peninsular"), Union Bankers Insurance Company ("Union Bankers"), Constitution
Life Insurance Company ("Constitution"), Marquette National Life Insurance
Company ("Marquette"), Penncorp Life Insurance Company, a Canadian company
("Penncorp Life (Canada)"), Pyramid Life Insurance Company ("Pyramid Life"),
CHCS Services, Inc. and UAFC Statutory Trusts I, II, III, IV and V.
Pyramid Life was acquired on March 31, 2003 and its operating results
prior to the date of acquisition are not included in Universal American's
consolidated results of operations.
Collectively, the insurance company subsidiaries are licensed to sell
life and accident & health insurance and annuities in all fifty states, the
District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and all the provinces of Canada. The principal
insurance products are Medicare Supplement and Select, fixed benefit accident
and sickness disability insurance, long term care, senior life insurance and
fixed annuities. The Company distributes these products through an independent
general agency system and a career agency system. The career agents focus on
sales for Pennsylvania Life, Pyramid Life and Penncorp Life (Canada) while the
independent general agents sell for American Pioneer, American Progressive,
Constitution and Union Bankers. CHCS Services, Inc., the Company's
administrative services company, acts as a service provider for both affiliated
and unaffiliated insurance companies for senior market insurance and
non-insurance programs.
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES:
a. BASIS OF PRESENTATION: The accompanying consolidated financial
statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting
principles generally accepted in the United States ("GAAP").
For the insurance subsidiaries, GAAP differs from statutory
accounting practices prescribed or permitted by regulatory
authorities. The accompanying consolidated financial
statements include the accounts of Universal American and its
wholly-owned subsidiaries, including the operations of
acquired companies from the date of their acquisition. All
material intercompany transactions and balances have been
eliminated. The significant accounting policies followed by
Universal American and subsidiaries that materially affect
financial reporting are summarized below.
b. USE OF ESTIMATES: The preparation of our financial statements
in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and
assumptions that affect the amounts of assets and liabilities
and disclosures of assets and liabilities reported by us at
the date of the financial statements and the revenues and
expenses reported during the reporting period. As additional
information becomes available or actual amounts become
determinable, the recorded estimates may be revised and
reflected in operating results. Actual results could differ
from those estimates. In our judgment, the accounts involving
estimates and assumptions that are most critical to the
preparation of our financial statements are policy and claim
liabilities, deferred policy acquisition costs, goodwill,
present value of future profits and other intangibles, the
valuation of certain investments and income taxes. There have
been no changes in our critical accounting policies during the
current year.
F-7
c. INVESTMENTS: The Company follows Statement of Financial
Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 115, "Accounting for Certain
Debt and Equity Securities." SFAS 115 requires that debt and
equity securities be classified into one of three categories
and accounted for as follows: Debt securities that the Company
has the positive intent and the ability to hold to maturity
are classified as "held to maturity" and reported at amortized
cost. Debt and equity securities that are held for current
resale are classified as "trading securities" and reported at
fair value, with unrealized gains and losses included in
earnings. Debt and equity securities not classified as held to
maturity or as trading securities are classified as "available
for sale" and reported at fair value. Unrealized gains and
losses on available for sale securities are excluded from
earnings and reported as accumulated other comprehensive
income, net of tax and deferred policy acquisition cost
adjustments.
As of December 31, 2003 and 2002, all fixed maturity
securities were classified as available for sale and were
carried at fair value, with the unrealized gain or loss, net
of tax and other adjustments (deferred policy acquisition
costs), included in accumulated other comprehensive income.
Equity securities are carried at current fair value. Policy
loans are stated at the unpaid principal balance. Short-term
investments are carried at cost, which approximates fair
value. Other invested assets include mortgage loans and
collateral loans. The collateral loans are carried at cost
which is equal to the fair value of their estimated future
cash flows at the date of acquisition. Mortgage loans are
carried at the unpaid principal balance.
Fair value of investments is based upon quoted market prices,
where available, or on values obtained from independent
pricing services. For certain mortgage and asset- backed
securities, the determination of fair value is based primarily
upon the amount and timing of expected future cash flows of
the security. Estimates of these cash flows are based on
current economic conditions, past credit loss experience and
other factors.
The Company regularly evaluates the amortized cost of its
investments compared to the fair value of those investments.
Impairments of securities are generally recognized when a
decline in fair value below the amortized cost basis is
considered to be other-than-temporary. Impairment losses for
certain mortgage and asset-backed securities are recognized
when an adverse change in the amount or timing of estimated
cash flows occurs, unless the adverse change is solely a
result of changes in estimated market interest rates. The cost
basis for securities determined to be impaired are reduced to
their fair value, with the excess of the cost basis over the
fair value recognized as a realized investment loss.
Realized investment gains and losses on the sale of securities
are based on the specific identification method.
Investment income is generally recorded when earned. Premiums
and discounts arising from the purchase of certain mortgage
and asset-backed securities are amortized into investment
income over the estimated remaining term of the securities,
adjusted for anticipated prepayments. The prospective method
is used to account for the impact on investment income of
changes in the estimated future cash for these securities.
Premiums and discounts on other fixed maturity securities are
amortized using the interest method over the remaining term of
the security.
F-8
d. DEFERRED POLICY ACQUISITION COSTS: The cost of acquiring new
business, principally commissions and certain expenses of the
agency, policy issuance and underwriting departments, all of
which vary with, and are primarily related to the production
of new and renewal business, have been deferred. These costs
are being amortized in relation to the present value of
expected gross profits on the policies arising principally
from investment, mortality and expense margins in accordance
with SFAS No. 97, "Accounting and Reporting by Insurance
Enterprises for Certain Long-Duration Contracts and for
Realized Gains and Losses from the Sale of Investments",
("SFAS 97") for interest sensitive life and annuity products
and in proportion to premium revenue using the same
assumptions used in estimating the liabilities for future
policy benefits in accordance with SFAS No. 60, "Accounting
and Reporting by Insurance Enterprises", ("SFAS 60") for
non-interest sensitive life and all accident & health
products. Deferred policy acquisition costs are written off to
the extent that it is determined that future policy premiums
and investment income or gross profits would not be adequate
to cover related losses and expenses.
The Company has several reinsurance arrangements in place on
its life and accident & health insurance risks (see Note 13 -
Deferred Acquisition Costs). In the accompanying statement of
operations, the Company reports commissions incurred on direct
premium written and commission and expense allowances on
reinsurance ceded on separate lines to correspond to the
presentation of the premiums earned by the Company. In
determining the amounts capitalized for deferred acquisition
costs, the Company includes an amount for gross commissions
and direct issue expenses, net of the related allowances
received from the reinsurer on these costs.
e. PRESENT VALUE OF FUTURE PROFITS AND GOODWILL: Business
combinations accounted for as a purchase result in the
allocation of the purchase consideration to the fair values of
the assets and liabilities acquired, including the present
value of future profits, establishing such fair values as the
new accounting basis. The present value of future profits is
based on an estimate of the cash flows of the in force
business acquired, discounted to reflect the present value of
those cash flows. The discount rate selected depends upon the
general market conditions at the time of the acquisition and
the inherent risk in the transaction. Purchase consideration
in excess of the fair value of net assets acquired, including
the present value of future profits and other identified
intangibles, for a specific acquisition, is allocated to
goodwill. Allocation of purchase price is performed in the
period in which the purchase is consummated. Adjustments, if
any, in subsequent periods relate to resolution of
pre-acquisition contingencies and refinements made to
estimates of fair value in connection with the preliminary
allocation.
Amortization of present value of future profits is based upon
the pattern of the projected cash flows of the in-force
business acquired, over periods ranging from ten to forty
years. Other identified intangibles are amortized over their
estimated lives. Through December 31, 2001, goodwill was
amortized on a straight-line basis over periods ranging from
twenty to thirty years. Subsequent to December 31, 2001,
goodwill is no longer amortized; see "Adoption of New
Accounting Pronouncements" below.
On a periodic basis, management reviews the unamortized
balances of present value of future profits, goodwill and
other identified intangibles to determine whether events or
circumstances indicate the carrying value of such assets is
not recoverable, in which case an impairment charge would be
recognized. Management believes that no impairments of present
value of future profits, goodwill or other identified
intangibles existed as of December 31, 2003.
F-9
f. RECOGNITION OF REVENUES, CONTRACT BENEFITS AND EXPENSES FOR
INVESTMENT AND UNIVERSAL LIFE TYPE POLICIES: Revenues for
universal life-type policies and investment products consist
of mortality charges for the cost of insurance and surrender
charges assessed against policyholder account balances during
the period. Amounts received for investment and universal life
type products are not reflected as premium revenue; rather
such amounts are accounted for as deposits, with the related
liability included in policyholder account balances. Benefit
claims incurred in excess of policyholder account balances are
expensed. The liability for policyholder account balances for
universal life-type policies and investment products under
SFAS 97 are determined following a "retrospective deposit"
method. The retrospective deposit method establishes a
liability for policy benefits at an amount determined by the
account or contract balance that accrues to the benefit of the
policyholder, which consists principally of policy account
values before any applicable surrender charges. The base rates
on the annuity products currently marketed by us range from 3%
to 4.75%. We offer sales inducements in the form of first year
only bonus interest rates, which range from 1% to 4%, on
certain of our annuity products. Including the bonus interest
rates, our current credited rates on our annuity products
range from 3% to 7.7%. Our currently marketed annuity products
have minimum guaranteed interest rates ranging from 1.5% to
3%. For Universal Life products, current credited rates range
from 4% to 6%, which represent the minimum guaranteed rates.
There is no first year only bonus interest on our Universal
Life policies..
g. RECOGNITION OF PREMIUM REVENUES AND POLICY BENEFITS FOR
ACCIDENT & HEALTH INSURANCE PRODUCTS: Premiums are recorded
when due and recognized as revenue over the period to which
the premiums relate. Benefits and expenses associated with
earned premiums are recognized as the related premiums are
earned so as to result in recognition of profits over the life
of the policies. This association is accomplished by recording
a provision for future policy benefits and amortizing deferred
policy acquisition costs. The liability for future policy
benefits for accident & health policies consists of active
life reserves and the estimated present value of the remaining
ultimate net cost of incurred claims. Active life reserves
include unearned premiums and additional reserves. The
additional reserves are computed on the net level premium
method using assumptions for future investment yield,
mortality and morbidity experience. The assumptions are based
on past experience. Claim reserves are established for future
payments not yet due on incurred claims, primarily relating to
individual disability and long term care insurance and group
long-term disability insurance products. These reserves are
initially established based on past experience, continuously
reviewed and updated with any related adjustments recorded to
current operations. Claim liabilities represent policy
benefits due but unpaid at year-end and primarily relate to
individual health insurance products.
h. RECOGNITION OF PREMIUM REVENUES AND POLICY BENEFITS FOR
TRADITIONAL LIFE AND ANNUITY PRODUCTS: Premiums from
traditional life and annuity policies with life contingencies
generally are recognized as revenue when due. Benefits and
expenses are matched with such revenue so as to result in the
recognition of profits over the life of the contracts. This
matching is accomplished by means of the provision for
liabilities for future policy benefits and the deferral and
subsequent amortization of policy acquisition costs.
i. RECOGNITION OF ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICE REVENUE: Fees for
administrative services generally are recognized over the
period for which the Company is obligated to provide service.
F-10
j. INCOME TAXES: The Company's method of accounting for income
taxes is the asset and liability method. Under this method,
deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the
future tax consequences attributable to differences between
the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets
and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax
assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates
expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which
those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or
settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of
a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period
that includes the enactment date of a change in tax rates.
The Company establishes valuation allowances on its deferred
tax assets for amounts that it determines will not be
recoverable based upon an analysis of projected taxable income
and its ability to implement prudent and feasible tax planning
strategies. Increases in the valuation allowances are
recognized as deferred tax expense. Subsequent determinations
that portions of the valuation allowances are no longer
necessary are reflected as deferred tax benefits. To the
extent that valuation allowances were established in
conjunction with acquisitions, changes in those allowances are
first applied to goodwill (but not below zero) or other
intangibles related to the acquisition and then are applied to
income tax expense.
k. REINSURANCE: Amounts recoverable under reinsurance contracts
are included in total assets as amounts due from reinsurers
rather than net against the related policy asset or liability.
The cost of reinsurance related to long-duration contracts is
accounted for over the life of the underlying reinsured
policies using assumptions consistent with those used to
account for the underlying policies.
l. FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSLATION: The financial statement accounts
of the Company's Canadian operations, which are denominated in
Canadian dollars, are translated into U.S. dollars as follows:
(i) Canadian currency assets and liabilities are translated at
the rates of exchange as of the balance sheet dates and the
related unrealized translation adjustments are included as a
component of accumulated other comprehensive income, and (ii)
revenues, expenses and cash flows, expressed in Canadian
dollars, are translated using a weighted average of exchange
rates for each period presented.
m. DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS - CASH FLOW HEDGE: The Company uses
derivative instruments, interest rate swaps, to hedge risk
arising from interest rate volatility ("cash-flow" hedge).
These cash-flow hedges are recognized on the balance sheet at
their fair value, based on independent third party pricing
sources. The fair value of the cash-flow hedges are reported
as assets or liabilities in other assets or other liabilities.
On the date the interest rate swap contract is entered into,
the Company designates it as a hedge of a forecasted
transaction or of the variability of cash flows to be received
or paid related to a recognized asset or liability. Changes in
the fair value of the interest rate swap that is designated
and qualifies as a cash-flow hedge are recorded in accumulated
other comprehensive income and are reclassified into earnings
when the variability of the cash flow hedged item impacts
earnings. Gains and losses on derivative contracts that are
reclassified into earnings are included in the line items in
which the hedged item is recorded.
At the inception of the contract, the Company formally
documents all relationships between the hedging instrument and
the hedged item, as well as its risk-management objective and
strategy for undertaking each hedge transaction. The Company
also formally assesses, both at the hedge's inception and on
an ongoing basis, whether the derivative used in hedging
transactions are highly effective in offsetting changes in the
cash flows of the hedged items.
F-11
n. EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE: Basic earning per share ("EPS")
excludes dilution and is computed by dividing net income by
the weighted average number of shares outstanding for the
period. Diluted EPS gives the dilutive effect of the stock
options outstanding during the year. There were 2,000 stock
options excluded from the computation of diluted EPS because
they were antidilutive at December 31, 2003 and 960,519
excluded at December 31, 2002.
o. STOCK BASED COMPENSATION: The Company has elected to follow
Accounting Principles Board ("APB") Opinion No. 25.
"Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees" ("APB 25") and
related interpretations in accounting for its employee and
director stock options. Accordingly, no expense is recognized
for those options issued with an exercise price at or above
market on the date of the award. For options issued to
employees with an exercise price that is less than market on
the date of grant the Company recognizes an expense for the
difference between the exercise price and the value of the
options on the date of grant. For options issued to agents and
others, the Company follows SFAS No. 123 "Accounting for Stock
Based Compensation," ("SFAS 123"). Under SFAS 123, the fair
value of options awarded to agents and others are expensed
over the vesting period of each award.
p. CASH FLOW INFORMATION: Included in cash and cash equivalents
are cash on deposit, money market funds, and short term
investments that had an original maturity of three months or
less from the time of purchase.
q. ADOPTION OF NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS: Effective December
31, 2003, the Company adopted the disclosure requirements of
Emerging Issues Task Force ("EITF") Issue No. 03-01, "The
Meaning of Other-Than-Temporary Impairment and Its Application
to Certain Investments". Under the consensus, disclosures are
required for unrealized losses on fixed maturity and equity
securities accounted for under Statement of Financial
Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 115, "Accounting for Certain
Investment in Debt and Equity Securities", and SFAS No. 124,
"Accounting for Certain Investments Held by Not-for-Profit
Organizations", that are classified as either
available-for-sale or held-to-maturity. The disclosure
requirements include quantitative information regarding the
aggregate amount of unrealized losses and the associated fair
value of the investments in an unrealized loss position,
segregated into time periods for which the investments have
been in an unrealized loss position. The consensus also
requires certain qualitative disclosures about the unrealized
holdings in order to provide additional information that the
Company considered in concluding that the unrealized losses
were not other-than-temporary. (For further discussion, see
disclosures in Note 5 - Investments.)
In May 2003, the FASB issued SFAS No. 150, "Accounting for
Certain Financial Instruments with Characteristics of both
Liabilities and Equity". SFAS No. 150 establishes standards
for classifying and measuring as liabilities certain financial
instruments that embody obligations of the issuer and have
characteristics of both liabilities and equity. Generally,
SFAS No. 150 requires liability classification for two broad
classes of financial instruments: (a) instruments that
represent, or are indexed to, an obligation to buy back the
issuer's shares regardless of whether the instrument is
settled on a net-cash or gross-physical basis and (b)
obligations that (i) can be settled in shares but derive their
value predominately from another underlying instrument or
index (e.g. security prices, interest rates, and currency
rates), (ii) have a fixed value, or (iii) have a value
inversely related to the issuer's shares. Mandatorily
redeemable equity and written options requiring the issuer to
buyback shares are examples of financial instruments that
should be reported as liabilities under this new guidance.
SFAS No. 150 specifies accounting only for certain
freestanding financial instruments and does not affect whether
an embedded derivative must be bifurcated and accounted for in
accordance with SFAS No. 133, "Accounting for Derivative
Instruments and Hedging Activities".
F-12
SFAS No. 150 is effective for instruments entered into or
modified after May 31, 2003 and for all other instruments
beginning with the first interim reporting period beginning
after June 15, 2003. Adoption of this statement did not have a
material impact on the Company's consolidated financial
condition or results of operations.
In April 2003, the FASB released FAS 133, Accounting for
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities ("FAS 133"),
Implementation Issue B-36, Embedded Derivatives: Modified
Coinsurance Arrangements and Debt Instruments That Incorporate
Credit Risk Exposure That Are Unrelated or Only Partially
Related to the Creditworthiness of the Obligor Under Those
Instruments ("Issue B-36"). Under FAS 133 Issue B-36 third
party credit risk under coinsurance arrangements and debt
instruments is required to be bifurcated from the host
contract and accounted for as separate assets and liabilities
with changes in these assets and liabilities recorded in the
statement of operations.
The effective date of Issue B-36 is the first day of the first
fiscal quarter beginning after September 15, 2003. Beginning
in the fourth quarter of 2003 the Company intends to apply the
guidance prospectively for existing contracts and all future
transactions. As permitted by FAS 133, and its amendments FAS
137 "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging
Activities- Deferral of the Effective Date of FAS 133" ("FAS
137") and FAS 138 "Accounting for Certain Derivative
Instruments and Certain Hedging Activities", all contracts
entered into prior to January 1, 1999, were grandfathered and
are exempt from the provisions of FAS 133 that relate to
embedded derivatives. Based upon the Company's current level
of modified coinsurance and funds withheld reinsurance, the
application of Issue B-36 did not have a material effect on
the consolidated financial position or results of operations
of the Company.
In April 2003, the FASB issued SFAS No. 149, "Amendment of
Statement 133 on Derivative Instruments and Hedging
Activities". The Statement amended and clarified accounting
for derivative instruments, including certain derivative
instruments embedded in other contracts, and for hedging
activities under SFAS No. 133.
The provisions of SFAS No. 149 that relate to SFAS No. 133
Derivatives Implementation Group issues that have been
effective for fiscal quarters that began prior to June 15,
2003, should continue to be applied in accordance with their
respective effective dates. The adoption of SFAS No. 149 did
not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated
financial condition or results of operations.
In January 2003, the Financial Accounting Standards Board
(FASB) issued FASB Interpretation No. 46 (FIN 46),
Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities, an interpretation
of Accounting Research Bulletin No. 51, which requires an
entity to assess its interests in a variable interest entity
to determine whether to consolidate that entity. A variable
interest entity is an entity which in which the equity
investment at risk is not sufficient to permit the entity to
finance it's activities without additional subordinated
support from other parties or the equity investors do not have
the characteristics of a controlling financial interest. FIN
46 requires that a variable interest entity be consolidated by
its primary beneficiary, which is the party that will absorb a
majority of the entity's expected losses if they occur,
receive a majority of the entity's expected residual returns
if they occur, or both.
The provisions of FIN 46 were effective immediately for
variable interest entities created after January 31, 2003 and
for variable interest entities for which the Company obtains
an interest after that date. For any variable interest
entities acquired prior to February 1, 2003, the provisions of
FIN 46, as amended by FASB Staff Position No. 46-6, are
effective for the quarter ending December 31, 2003. An
interpretation of FIN 46 was issued in December 2003 which
allows the company to defer the effective date for
consolidation of variable interest entities to the first
reporting period that ends after March 15, 2004. (see pending
accounting pronouncements below). Adoption of the provisions
of the interpretation of FIN 46 did not have a material
impact of the consolidated financial condition or results of
operations.
F-13
On December 31, 2002, the FASB issued SFAS No. 148,
"Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation--Transition and
Disclosure" ("SFAS 148"). This standard amends SFAS 123 to
provide alternative methods of transition for a voluntary
change to the fair value based method of accounting for
stock-based employee compensation. This standard also requires
prominent disclosures in both annual and interim financial
statements about the method of accounting for stock-based
employee compensation and the effect of the method used on
reported results. The Company has applied the disclosure
provisions of SFAS 148 as of December 31, 2003, as required
and presented below.
As permitted by SFAS 123, the Company measured its stock-based
compensation for employees and directors using the intrinsic
value approach under APB 25. Accordingly, the Company did not
recognize compensation expense upon the issuance of its stock
options because the option terms were fixed and the exercise
price equaled the market price of the underlying common stock
on the grant date. The Company does not intend to adopt the
fair value method of accounting for stock-based compensation
provisions of SFAS 123 for its employees or directors. The
Company complied with the provisions of SFAS 123 by providing
pro forma disclosures of net income and related per share data
giving consideration to the fair value method provisions of
SFAS 123. For purposes of pro forma disclosures, the estimated
fair value of the options is amortized to expense over the
options' vesting period.
The following table illustrates the effect on net income and
earnings per share if the fair value based method had been
applied during each period presented.
For the year ended December 31,
2003 2002 2001
------------ ------------ ------------
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
Reported net income $ 43,052 $ 30,127 $ 28,925
Add back: Stock-based compensation
expense included in reported net income, 1,527 1,536 1,044
net of tax
Less: Stock based compensation expense
determined under fair value based method
for all awards, net of tax (2,895) (2,623) (1,804)
------------ ------------ ------------
Pro forma net income $ 41,684 $ 29,040 $ 28,165
============ ============ ============
Net income per share:
Basic, as reported $ 0.80 $ 0.57 $ 0.58
Basic, pro forma $ 0.78 $ 0.55 $ 0.57
Diluted, as reported $ 0.78 $ 0.56 $ 0.57
Diluted, pro forma $ 0.76 $ 0.54 $ 0.56
Pro forma compensation expense reflected for prior periods is
not indicative of future compensation expense that would be
recorded by the Company if it were to adopt the fair value
based recognition provisions of SFAS 123 for stock based
compensation for its employees and directors. Future expense
may vary based upon factors such as the number of awards
granted by the Company and the then-current fair market value
of such awards.
The fair value for these options was estimated at the date of
grant using a Black-Scholes option pricing model with the
following weighted-average assumptions:
2003 2002 2001
-------------- --------------- ---------------
Risk free interest rates 2.78%-4.40% 3.74%-5.44% 4.92%-5.52%
Dividend yields 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Expected volatility 40.00% - 42.97% 37.09% - 40.84% 40.81% - 48.41%
Expected lives of options (in years) 0 - 9.0 2.0 - 9.0 2.0 - 9.0
F-14
The Black-Scholes option valuation model was developed for use
in estimating the fair value of traded options that have no
vesting restrictions and are fully transferable. In addition,
option valuation models require the input of highly subjective
assumptions including the expected stock price volatility.
Because the Company's employee stock options have
characteristics significantly different from those of traded
options, and because changes in the subjective input
assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimate, in
management's opinion, the existing models do not necessarily
provide a reliable single measure of the fair value of its
employee stock options. Detailed information for activity in
the Company's stock plans can be found in Note 9 - Stock-Based
Compensation.
In June 2002, the FASB issued SFAS No. 146, "Accounting for
Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities" ("SFAS
146"). SFAS 146 requires costs associated with exit or
disposal activities (including restructurings) to be
recognized when the costs are incurred, rather than at a date
of commitment to an exit or disposal plan. This standard
nullifies EITF Issue No. 94-3, "Liability Recognition for
Certain Employee Termination Benefits and Other Costs to Exit
an Activity (including Certain Costs Incurred in a
Restructuring)." Under SFAS 146, a liability related to an
exit or disposal activity is not recognized until such
liability has actually been incurred whereas under EITF Issue
No. 94-3 a liability was recognized at the time of a
commitment to an exit or disposal plan. The provisions of this
standard are effective for exit or disposal activities
initiated after December 31, 2002. The Company adopted this
standard on January 1, 2003.
In April 2002, the Financial Accounting Standards Board
("FASB") issued SFAS No. 145, "Rescission of FASB Statements
No. 4, 44, and 64, Amendment of FASB Statement No. 13, and
Technical Corrections" ("SFAS 145"). SFAS 145 requires any
gain or loss on extinguishments of debt to be presented as a
component of continuing operations (unless specific criteria
are met) whereas SFAS No. 4 required that such gains and
losses be classified as an extraordinary item in determining
net income. The Company adopted these provisions on January 1,
2003, as required. The other provisions of SFAS No. 145 were
not relevant to the Company.
In August 2001, the FASB issued SFAS No. 144, "Accounting for
the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets" ("SFAS 144").
SFAS 144 establishes an accounting model for long-lived assets
to be disposed of by sale that applies to all long-lived
assets, including discontinued operations. SFAS 144 requires
that those long-lived assets be measured at the lower of
carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell, whether
reported in continuing operations or in discontinued
operations. The provisions of SFAS 144 are effective for
financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after
December 15, 2001. Adoption of SFAS 144 did not have a
material impact on the Company's consolidated financial
condition or results of operations.
In June 2001, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141, "Business
Combinations" ("SFAS 141"). SFAS 141 requires all business
combinations to be accounted for under the purchase method.
Accordingly, net assets acquired are recorded at fair value
with any excess of cost over net assets assigned to goodwill.
SFAS 141 also requires that certain intangible assets acquired
in a business combination be recognized apart from goodwill.
The provisions of SFAS 141 apply to all business combinations
initiated after June 30, 2001. Adoption of SFAS 141 did not
have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial
condition or results of operations.
In June 2001, the FASB issued SFAS No. 142, "Goodwill and
Other Intangible Assets" ("SFAS 142"). Under SFAS 142,
effective January 1, 2002 amortization of goodwill is
precluded; however, its recoverability must be periodically
(at least annually) reviewed and tested for impairment.
F-15
Goodwill must be tested at the reporting unit level for
impairment in the year of adoption, including an initial test
performed within six months of adoption. If the initial test
indicates a potential impairment, then a more detailed
analysis to determine the extent of impairment must be
completed within twelve months of adoption. During the first
quarter of 2002, the Company completed the review and analysis
of its goodwill asset in accordance with the provisions of
SFAS 142. The result of the analysis indicated that each
reporting unit's fair value exceeded its carrying amount,
including goodwill. As a result, goodwill for each reporting
unit was not considered impaired. SFAS 142 also requires that
useful lives for intangibles other than goodwill be reassessed
and remaining amortization periods be adjusted accordingly.
Adoption of SFAS 142 did not have a material impact on the
Company's consolidated financial condition or results of
operations. The Company updated its review of its goodwill
assets during the fourth quarter of 2003 and determined that
its goodwill assets remain unimpaired.
Effective April 1, 2001, the Company adopted Emerging Issues
Task Force ("EITF") Issue No. 99-20, "Recognition of Interest
Income and Impairment on Purchased and Retained Beneficial
Interests in Securitized Financial Assets" ("EITF 99-20").
Under the consensus, investors in certain securities with
contractual cash flows, primarily asset-backed securities, are
required to periodically update their best estimate of cash
flows over the life of the security. If the fair value of the
securitized financial asset is less than its carrying amount
and there has been a decrease in the present value of the
estimated cash flows since the last revised estimate,
considering both timing and amount, an other than temporary
impairment charge is recognized. The estimated cash flows are
also used to evaluate whether there have been any changes in
the securitized asset's estimated yield. All yield adjustments
are accounted for on a prospective basis. Adoption of EITF
99-20 did not have a material impact on the Company's
consolidated financial condition or results of operations.
Effective January 1, 2001, the Company adopted SFAS No. 133,
"Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities"
("SFAS 133"), as amended by SFAS Nos. 137 and 138. The
standard requires, among other things, that all derivatives be
carried on the balance sheet at fair value. The standard also
specifies hedge accounting criteria under which a derivative
can qualify for special accounting. In order to receive
special accounting, the derivative instrument must qualify as
a hedge of either the fair value or the variability of the
cash flow of a qualified asset or liability, or forecasted
transaction. Special accounting for qualifying hedges provides
for matching the timing of gain or loss recognition on the
hedging instrument with the recognition of the corresponding
changes in value of the hedged item. The adoption of SFAS 133
did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated
financial condition or results of operations.
r. PENDING ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS: In December 2003, the
FASB issued a revised version of FIN 46 ("FIN 46R"), which
incorporates a number of modifications and changes made to the
original version. FIN 46R replaces the previously issued FIN
46 and, subject to certain special provisions, is effective no
later than the end of the first reporting period that ends
after December 15, 2003 for entities considered to be
special-purpose entities and no later than the end of the
first reporting period that ends after March 15, 2004 for all
other VIEs. Although early adoption is permitted, the Company
will adopt FIN 46R in the first quarter of 2004. The adoption
of FIN 46R is not anticipated to have a material impact on the
consolidated financial position or results of operations of
the Company.
In July 2003, AcSEC issued a final Statement of Position 03-1,
"Accounting and Reporting by Insurance Enterprises for Certain
Nontraditional Long-Duration Contracts and for Separate
Accounts" ("SOP 03-1"). SOP 03-1 addresses a wide variety of
topics, however the primary provision that applies to the
Company relates to capitalizing sales inducements that meet
specified criteria and amortizing such amounts over the life
of the contracts using the same methodology as used for
amortizing deferred acquisition costs ("DAC"). SOP 03-1 is
effective for financial statements for fiscal years beginning
after December 15, 2003.
F-16
The Company currently offers enhanced or bonus crediting rates
to contract-holders on certain of its individual annuity
products. The Company's policy was in this regard was to defer
only the portion of the bonus interest amount that was offset
by a corresponding reduction in the sales commission to the
agent. Effective January 1, 2004, all bonus interest will be
deferred and amortized. The adoption of SOP 03-1 is not
anticipated to have a material impact on the consolidated
financial position or results of operations of the Company.
s. RECLASSIFICATIONS: Certain reclassifications have been made to
prior years' financial statements to conform to current period
presentation.
3. BUSINESS COMBINATIONS:
Acquisition of Pyramid Life
On March 31, 2003, the Company completed the acquisition of all of the
outstanding common stock of Pyramid Life. In this transaction, the Company
acquired a block of in-force business as well as a career sales force that is
skilled in selling senior market insurance products. The purchase price of $57.5
million and transaction costs of $2.4 million were financed with $20.1 million
of net proceeds generated from the refinancing of the Company's credit facility
and $39.8 million of cash on hand, including a portion of the proceeds from the
trust preferred offerings completed by the Company in December 2002 and March
2003. (See Note 14 - Loan Agreements and Note 15 - Trust Preferred Securities).
Operating results generated by Pyramid Life prior to March 31, 2003, the date of
acquisition, are not included in the Company's consolidated financial
statements. At the time of closing, the fair value of net tangible assets of the
acquired company amounted to $27.6 million. The excess of the purchase price
over the fair value of net tangible assets acquired was $32.3 million. At March
31, 2003, the Company performed the initial allocation of the excess to
identifiable intangible assets. Based on this initial allocation, approximately
$13.1 million, net of deferred taxes of $7.1 million, was assigned to the
present value of future profits acquired, which has a weighted average life of 7
years. Approximately $14.3 million, net of deferred taxes of $7.7 million, was
assigned to the distribution channel acquired, which has a weighted average life
of 30 years. The distribution channel represents the new sales production from
the career distribution established by Pyramid Life. Pyramid Life distributes
its products on an exclusive basis through 32 Senior Sales Solution Centers
("SSSC's"). The remaining $4.9 million was assigned to the value of the
trademarks and licenses acquired, which are deemed to have an indefinite life.
As of March 31, 2003 (the date of acquisition), the condensed balance
sheet of Pyramid Life was as follows:
March 31, 2003
--------------
(in thousands)
Assets
Cash and Investments $105,774
PVFP and other amortizing intangibles 42,263
Goodwill 4,867
Other 16,232
--------
$169,136
========
Liabilities
Policy related liabilities $103,978
Other 5,297
--------
109,275
Equity 59,861
--------
$169,136
========
F-17
The consolidated pro forma results of operations, assuming that Pyramid
Life was purchased on January 1, 2003 and 2002 is as follows:
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
2003 2002
-------- --------
(In thousands)
Total revenue $551,639 $430,229
Income before taxes (1) $ 67,323 $ 48,041
Net income (1) $ 43,591 $ 32,708
Earnings per common share:
Basic $ 0.81 $ 0.62
Diluted (1) $ 0.79 $ 0.60
(1) The above pro forma results of operations includes excess amortization of
capitalized loan fees of $1.9 million in 2003 and $2.4 million in 2002 as a
result of the assumed refinancing of the existing debt at January 1, 2003
and 2002, respectively. This additional expense reduced net income by $1.2
million or $0.02 per diluted share in 2003 and $1.6 million or $0.03 per
diluted share in 2002. The actual amount of excess amortization reported in
2003 was $1.8 million. No excess amortization was reported in 2002.
The pro forma results of operations reflect management's best estimate
based upon currently available information. The pro forma adjustments are
applied to the historical financial statements of Universal American and Pyramid
Life to account for Pyramid Life under the purchase method of accounting. In
accordance with SFAS No. 141, "Business Combinations", the total purchase cost
was allocated to Pyramid Life's assets and liabilities based on their relative
fair values. These allocations are subject to valuations as of the date of the
acquisition based upon appraisals and other information at that time. Although
the time required to identify and measure the fair value of the assets acquired
and liabilities assumed in a business combination will vary with circumstances,
the allocation period should not exceed one year from the consummation of a
business combination. Management has provided its best estimate of the likely
fair values of assets and liabilities for the purpose of this pro forma
information. However, management cannot predict the potential adjustments
resulting from the actual final purchase assumptions, which could result in
differences from these pro forma estimates.
The pro forma information presented above is for disclosure purposes
only and is not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that would
have occurred had the acquisition been consummated on the dates assumed, nor is
the pro forma information intended to be indicative of Universal American's
future results of operations.
Acquisition of Ameriplus
On August 1, 2003, the Company acquired 100% of the outstanding common
stock of Ameriplus Preferred Care, Inc. ("Ameriplus"). Ameriplus is engaged in
the business of creating and maintaining a network of hospitals for the purpose
of providing discounts to our Medicare Select policyholders. Ameriplus' network
is utilized in connection with Medicare Select policies written by subsidiaries
of Universal American and can be offered to non-affiliated parties as well.
Ameriplus receives network fees when premiums for these Medicare Select policies
are collected.
The total purchase price was $2.0 million and was paid with cash of
$1.0 million and 147,711 unregistered shares of common stock of Universal
American. At the time of the closing, Ameriplus had no material tangible assets.
Substantially the entire purchase price was allocated to the estimated value of
the future override fees, with the balance assigned to goodwill. The value of
the future fees has a weighted average estimated life of approximately 5 years.
(See Note 4 - Intangible Assets for additional detail).
F-18
4. INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Effective January 1, 2002, the Company adopted SFAS No. 142, "Goodwill
and Other Intangible Assets", and accordingly ceased all amortization of
goodwill.
The following table shows the Company's acquired intangible assets that
continue to be subject to amortization and accumulated amortization expense.
DECEMBER 31, 2003 DECEMBER 31, 2002
----------------------------------- -----------------------------------
GROSS CARRY ACCUMULATED GROSS CARRY ACCUMULATED
AMOUNT AMORTIZATION AMOUNT AMORTIZATION
---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ----------------
(In thousands)
Present value of future profits:
Career Agency $ 20,208 $ 1,784 $ - $ -
Senior Market Brokerage 2,391 974 2,391 657
Administrative Services 7,672 6,770 7,671 6,418
Value of future override fees 1,820 20 -
Distribution Channel - Career Agency 22,055 551 - -
---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ----------------
Total $ 54,146 $ 10,099 $ 10,062 $ 7,075
================ ================ ================ ================
The following table shows the changes in the present value of future
profits and other amortizing intangible assets.
2003 2002 2001
---------- ---------- ----------
(In thousands)
Balance, beginning of year $ 2,987 $ 3,463 $ 5,809
Additions from acquisitions 44,083 1,166 -
Amortization, net of interest (3,023) (1,642) (2,346)
---------- ---------- ----------
Balance, end of year $ 44,047 $ 2,987 $ 3,463
========== ========== ==========
Estimated future net amortization expense (in thousands) for the
succeeding five years is as follows:
2004 $ 3,409
2005 3,362
2006 3,270
2007 3,109
2008 2,739
Thereafter 28,158
The carrying amounts of goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite
lives as of December 31, 2003 and 2002, are shown below.
2003 2002
------- -------
(In thousands)
Career Agency $ 4,867 $ -
Senior Market Brokerage 3,893 3,893
Administrative Services 4,357 4,080
------- -------
Total $13,117 $ 7,973
======= =======
5. REINSURANCE TRANSACTIONS
Recapture of Reinsurance Ceded
Effective April 1, 2003, American Pioneer entered into agreements to
recapture approximately $48 million of Medicare Supplement business that had
previously been reinsured to Transamerica Occidental Life Insurance Company,
Reinsurance Division ("Transamerica") under two quota share contracts. In 1996,
American Pioneer entered into two reinsurance treaties with Transamerica.
Pursuant to the first of
F-19
these contracts American Pioneer ceded to Transamerica 90% of approximately $50
million of annualized premium that it had acquired from First National Life
Insurance Company in 1996. Under the second contract, as subsequently amended,
American Pioneer agreed to cede to Transamerica 75% of certain new business from
October 1996 through Decmeber 31, 1999. As of April 1, 2003, approximately $27
million remained ceded under the First National treaty and approximately $16
million remained ceded under the new business treaty.
As part of an effort to exit certain non-core lines of business,
Transamerica approached the Company in 2002 to determine our interest in
recapturing the two treaties. Under the terms of the recapture agreements,
Transamerica transferred approximately $18 million in cash to American Pioneer
to cover the statutory reserves recaptured by American Pioneer. No ceding
allowance was paid by American Pioneer in the recapture and American Pioneer
currently retains 100% of the risks on the $48 million of Medicare Supplement
business. There was no gain or loss reported on these recapture agreements.
Acquisition of Guarantee Reserve Marketing Organization
Effective July 1, 2003, Universal American entered into an agreement
with Swiss Re and its newly acquired subsidiary, Guarantee Reserve Life
Insurance Company ("Guarantee Reserve"), to acquire Guarantee Reserve's
marketing organization, including all rights to do business with its field
force. The primary product sold by this marketing organization is low face
amount whole life insurance, primarily for seniors.
Beginning July 1, 2003, the Guarantee Reserve field force continued to
write this business in Guarantee Reserve, with Universal American administering
all new business and assuming 50% of the risk through a quota share reinsurance
arrangement. Beginning in the second quarter of 2004, as the products are
approved for sale in each state, new business will be written by a Universal
American subsidiary, with 50% of the risk ceded to Swiss Re.
6. INVESTMENTS:
The amortized cost and fair value of fixed maturities as of December
31, 2003 and 2002 are as follows:
December 31, 2003
-----------------------------------------------------------
Gross Gross
Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Fair
Classification Cost Gains Losses Value
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
(In thousands)
U.S. Treasury securities and
obligations of U.S. government $ 74,187 $ 695 $ (219) $ 74,663
Corporate debt securities 544,744 36,892 (4,988) 576,648
Foreign debt securities (1) 218,011 19,041 (118) 236,934
Mortgage and asset-
backed securities 245,012 8,711 (576) 253,147
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
$ 1,081,954 $ 65,339 $ (5,901) $ 1,141,392
============ ============ ============ ============
December 31, 2003
-----------------------------------------------------------
Gross Gross
Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Fair
Classification Cost Gains Losses Value
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
(In thousands)
U.S. Treasury securities and
obligations of U.S. government $ 90,189 $ 1,670 $ (9) $ 91,850
Corporate debt securities 374,087 30,323 (1,667) 402,743
Foreign debt securities (1) 166,689 10,072 (216) 176,545
Mortgage and asset-
backed securities 253,089 12,621 (1,898) 263,812
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
$ 884,054 $ 54,686 $ (3,790) $ 934,950
============ ============ ============ ============
(1) Primarily Canadian dollar denominated bonds supporting our Canadian
insurance reserves.
F-20
The amortized cost and fair value of fixed maturities at December 31,
2003 by contractual maturity are shown below. Expected maturities will differ
from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or
prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.
Amortized Fair
Cost Value
-------------- ----------
(In thousands)
Due in 1 year or less $ 34,558 $ 35,090
Due after 1 year through 5 years 113,181 123,167
Due after 5 years through 10 years 354,113 382,467
Due after 10 years 335,090 347,521
Mortgage and asset-backed securities 245,012 253,147
---------- ----------
$1,081,954 $1,141,392
========== ==========
The fair value and unrealized loss as of December 31, 2003 for fixed
maturity and equity securities, aggregated by investment category and length of
time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss
position, are shown below.
Less than 12 Months 12 Months or Longer Total
--------------------------- --------------------------- ---------------------------
Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized
Classification Value Loss Value Loss Value Loss
- ------------------------- ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
(In thousands)
U.S. Treasury securities
and obligations of U.S. $ 20,927 $ (219) $ - $ - $ 20,927 $ (219)
Corporate debt securities 71,412 (4,112) 4,138 (876) 75,550 (4,988)
Foreign debt securities (1) 4,825 (116) 47 (3) 4,,872 (119)
Mortgage and asset-
backed securities 31,669 (404) 2,999 (172) 34,668 (576)
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Total fixed maturities 128,833 (4,851) 7,184 (1,051) 136,017 (5,902)
Equity securities 254 - 2 (8) 256 (8)
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Total $ 129,087 $ (4,851) $ 7,186 $ (1,059) $ 136,273 $ (5,910)
============ ============ ============ ============ ============ ============
There were no fixed maturities as of December 31, 2003, with a fair
value less than 80% of the security's amortized cost. As of December 31, 2003,
fixed maturities represented more than 99% of the Company's unrealized loss
amount, which was comprised of 78 different securities.
The majority of the securities in an unrealized loss position for less
than twelve months are depressed due to the rise in long-term interest rates.
This group of securities was comprised of 69 securities. Approximately 99%, of
the less than twelve months total unrealized loss amount was comprised of
securities with fair value to amortized cost ratios at or greater than 90%. As
of December 31, 2003, approximately $3.5 million of the unrealized loss related
to securities, where the fair value is greater than par value of the securities.
The securities depressed for twelve months or more were comprised of 9
securities. All of the twelve months or more unrealized loss amount was
comprised of securities with fair value to amortized cost ratio at or greater
than 80% as of December 31, 2003. Approximately $0.9 million, or 83% of the
twelve month or more unrealized loss amount related to airline enhanced
equipment trust certificates with a carry value of $5.0 million. The fair value
for these securities is 83% of the carry value at December 31, 2003. A
description of the events contributing to the security's unrealized loss
position and the factors considered in determining that recording an
other-than-temporary impairment was not warranted are outlined below.
As part of the Company's ongoing security monitoring process by a
committee of investment and accounting professionals, the Company has reviewed
its investment portfolio and concluded that there were no additional
other-than-temporary impairments as of December 31, 2003 and 2002. Due to the
issuers' continued satisfaction of the securities' obligations in accordance
with their contractual terms and the expectation that they will continue to do
so, management's intent and ability to hold these securities, as well as the
evaluation of the fundamentals of the issuers' financial condition and other
objective evidence (including evaluation of the underlying collateral of a
security), the Company believes that the prices of the securities in the sectors
identified above were temporarily depressed.
F-21
The evaluation for other-than-temporary impairments is a quantitative
and qualitative process, which is subject to risks and uncertainties in the
determination of whether declines in the fair value of investments are
other-than-temporary. The risks and uncertainties include changes in general
economic conditions, the issuer's financial condition or near term recovery
prospects and the effects of changes in interest rates.
Gross unrealized gains and gross unrealized losses of equity securities
as of December 31, 2003 and 2002 are as follows:
2003 2002
---------- ----------
(In thousands)
Gross unrealized gains $ 34 $ 117
Gross unrealized losses (8) (133)
---------- ----------
Net unrealized gains (losses) $ 26 $ (16)
========== ==========
The components of the change in unrealized gains and losses included in
the consolidated statements of stockholders' equity for the three years ended
December 31, 2003 are as follows:
2003 2002 2001
---------- ---------- ----------
(In thousands)
Change in net unrealized gains (losses):
Fixed maturities $ 8,542 $ 38,522 $ 6,695
Equity securities 42 124 132
Foreign currency 9,090 679 (3,996)
Fair value of cash flow swap 196 - -
Adjustment relating to deferred
policy acquisition costs (2,665) (1,958) (1,333)
---------- ---------- ----------
Change in net unrealized gains
(losses) before income tax 15,205 37,367 1,498
Income tax (expense) benefit (5,318) (13,083) (770)
---------- ---------- ----------
Change in net unrealized gains (losses) $ 9,887 $ 24,284 $ 728
========== ========== ==========
The details of net investment income for the three years ended December
31, 2003 are as follows:
2003 2002 2001
---------- ---------- ----------
(In thousands)
Investment Income:
Fixed maturities $ 59,528 $ 54,553 $ 54,100
Cash and cash equivalents 882 1,044 1,749
Equity securities 93 197 238
Other 744 1,279 1,181
Policy loans 1,652 1,697 1,529
Mortgage loans 62 134 205
---------- ---------- ----------
Gross investment income 62,961 58,904 59,002
Investment expenses (1,886) (1,188) (1,190)
---------- ---------- ----------
Net investment income $ 61,075 $ 57,716 $ 57,812
========== ========== ==========
There were no non-income producing fixed maturities for the year ended
December 31, 2003 or 2002. Fixed maturities with a carrying value of $0.1
million were non-income producing for the year ended December 31, 2001.
F-22
Gross realized gains and gross realized losses included in the
consolidated statements of operations for the three years ended December 31,
2003 are as follows:
2003 2002 2001
---------- ---------- ----------
(In thousands)
Realized gains:
Fixed maturities $ 3,497 $ 10,435 $ 9,301
Equity securities and other invested assets 476 72 14
---------- ---------- ----------
Total realized gains 3,973 10,507 9,315
---------- ---------- ----------
Realized losses:
Fixed maturities (1,811) (14,914) (6,237)
Equity securities (105) (676) -
---------- ---------- ----------
Total realized losses (1,916) (15,590) (6,237)
---------- ---------- ----------
Net realized gains (losses) $ 2,057 $ (5,083) $ 3,078
========== ========== ==========
The Company wrote down the value of certain fixed maturity securities
by $1.3 million during 2003. The Company wrote down the value of certain fixed
maturity securities by $10.6 million during 2002, primarily as a result of the
impairment of our WorldCom bonds. The WorldCom bonds were disposed of in the
third quarter of 2002 at a price approximating their carrying value after the
other-than-temporary decline was recognized. The Company wrote down the value of
certain fixed maturity securities by $4.2 million during 2001. These write downs
represent management's estimate of other-than-temporary declines in value and
were included in net realized gains (losses) on investments.
At December 31, 2003 and 2002, the Company held unrated or
less-than-investment grade corporate debt securities with carrying and estimated
fair values as follows:
2003 2002
---------- ----------
(In thousands)
Carrying value $ 8,361 $ 5,266
========== ==========
Estimated fair value $ 8,361 $ 5,266
========== ==========
Percentage of total assets 0.5% 0.4%
========== ==========
The holdings of less-than-investment grade securities are diversified
and the largest investment in any one such security was $3.1 million at December
31, 2003, which was approximately 0.3% of total assets and $2.4 million at
December 31, 2002, which is approximately 0.2% of total assets.
Included in fixed maturities at December 31, 2003 and 2002 were
securities with carrying values of $44.1 million and $35.3 million,
respectively, held by various states as security for the policyholders of the
Company within such states.
7. INCOME TAXES:
The parent holding company files a consolidated return for federal
income tax purposes, that includes all of the non-insurance company subsidiaries
as well as American Progressive through March 31, 2002 and American Pioneer
through June 30, 2002. American Exchange and its subsidiaries and Penncorp Life
(Canada) are not currently included. American Exchange and its subsidiaries,
including American Progressive as of April 1, 2002 and American Pioneer as of
July 1, 2002, file a separate consolidated federal income tax return. Penncorp
Life (Canada) files a separate return with Revenue Canada.
Income before taxes by geographic distribution for the three years
ended December 31, 2003 is as follows:
2003 2002 2001
---------- ---------- ----------
(In thousands)
United States $ 51,597 $ 30,290 $ 27,606
Canada 14,882 13,740 15,757
---------- ---------- ----------
Total income before taxes $ 66,479 $ 44,030 $ 43,363
========== ========== ==========
F-23
The Company's federal and state income tax expense (benefit) for the
three years ended December 31, 2003 is as follows:
2003 2002 2001
---------- ---------- ----------
(In thousands)
Current - United States $ 303 $ 208 $ 449
Current - Canada 15,285 4,291 5,451
---------- ---------- ----------
Sub total current 15,588 4,499 5,900
Deferred - United States 17,821 8,268 8,409
Deferred - Canada (9,982) 1,136 129
---------- ---------- ----------
Sub total deferred 7,839 9,404 8,538
---------- ---------- ----------
Total tax expense $ 23,427 $ 13,903 $ 14,438
========== ========== ==========
A reconciliation of the "expected" tax expense at 35% with the Company's actual
tax expense applicable to operating income before taxes reported in the
Consolidated Statements of Operations is as follows:
2003 2002 2001
---------- ---------- ----------
(In thousands)
Expected tax expense $ 23,268 $ 15,410 $ 15,177
Change in valuation allowance (4,507) (1,694) (737)
Reserve for prior year taxes
of acquired entities 4,439 - -
Canadian taxes 126 51 (208)
Other 101 136 206
---------- ---------- ----------
Actual tax expense $ 23,427 $ 13,903 $ 14,438
========== ========== ==========
In addition to federal and state income tax, the Company is subject to
state premium taxes, which taxes are included in other operating costs and
expenses in the accompanying statements of operations.
Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary
differences between the carrying value of assets and liabilities for financial
reporting purposes and the amount used for income tax purposes. The tax effects
of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred
tax assets and deferred tax liabilities at December 31, 2003 and 2002 are as
follows:
2003 2002
---------- ----------
(In thousands)
Deferred tax assets:
Reserves for future policy benefits $ 36,180 $ 19,484
Deferred policy acquisition costs 5,309 9,970
Loss carryforwards 5,851 11,400
Asset valuation differences 6,462 11,845
Deferred revenues 998 1,165
Tax credit carryforwards 320 197
Other (4,083) 2,666
---------- ----------
Total gross deferred tax assets 51,037 56,727
Less valuation allowance (593) (5,100)
---------- ----------
Net deferred tax assets 50,444 51,627
---------- ----------
Present value of future profits (13,270) 314
Unrealized gains on investments (21,417) (16,099)
---------- ----------
Total gross deferred tax liabilities (34,687) (15,785)
---------- ----------
Net deferred tax asset $ 15,757 $ 35,842
========== ==========
F-24
At December 31, 2003, the Company (exclusive of American Exchange and
its subsidiaries and PennCorp Life) had net operating loss carryforwards of
approximately $1.7 million that expire in the year 2015 and capital loss
carryforwards of $1.3 million that expire in 2007. At December 31, 2003, the
Company also had an Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT) credit carryforward for
federal income tax purposes of approximately $0.2 million that can be carried
forward indefinitely. At December 31, 2003, American Exchange and its
subsidiaries had net operating loss carryforwards, most of which relate to the
companies acquired in 1999 (and were incurred prior to their acquisition), of
approximately $27.2 million that expire in the years 2008 to 2017. At December
31, 2003, American Exchange and its subsidiaries also had capital loss
carryforwards of $12.3 million that expire in years 2006 and 2007. As a result
of changes in ownership of the Company in July 1999, the use of most of the loss
carryforwards of the Company are subject to annual limitations.
At December 31, 2003 and 2002, the Company carried valuation allowances
of $0.6 million and $5.1 million, respectively, with respect to its deferred tax
assets. The Company establishes a valuation allowance based upon an analysis of
projected taxable income and its ability to implement prudent and feasible tax
planning strategies. As a result of the continued profitability of the insurance
subsidiaries acquired in 1999 and 2003, the valuation allowance on certain of
the life tax loss carryforwards no longer was considered necessary at December
31, 2003. The amount of the valuation allowance released during 2003 was $4.5
million and was recorded as a deferred income tax benefit. This benefit was
reduced by reserve amounts established for pre-acquisition tax years of certain
life insurance subsidiaries that currently are being examined by the Internal
Revenue Service. As a result of the increased profitability of the
Administrative Services segment, valuation allowances on certain of the non-life
tax loss carryforwards no longer were considered necessary as of December 31,
2003. The amount of the valuation allowance released during 2003 was $0.1
million and was also recorded as a deferred income tax benefit. Management
believes it is more likely than not that the Company will realize the recorded
net deferred tax assets.
8. STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Preferred Stock
The Company has 2.0 million authorized shares of preferred stock with
no such shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2003 or 2002.
Common Stock
The par value of common stock is $.01 per share with 80.0 million
shares authorized for issuance. There were 54.1 million shares issued and
outstanding at December 31, 2003 and 53.2 million issued and outstanding at
December 31, 2002. The Company issued 0.9 million shares of its common stock
during the year ended December 31, 2003, 0.4 million shares during 2002 and 6.0
million shares (primarily as a result of the equity offering noted below) during
2001.
Equity Offering
On July 12, 2001, the Company entered into an Underwriting Agreement
with Banc of America Securities LLC and Raymond James & Associates, Inc., as
representatives of the underwriters named therein, and certain shareholders of
the Company, with respect to the sale of up to 7,950,000 shares of the Company's
common stock (including 750,000 shares of Common Stock subject to an
over-allotment option granted to the Underwriters by the Company and some of the
selling shareholders). As a result, on July 12, 2001, the Company issued five
million shares of common stock at a price of $5.00 per share, generating
proceeds of $25 million. Expenses for this transaction, including the
underwriters' discounts and commissions, amounted to $2.4 million, resulting in
net proceeds of $22.6 million to the Company. The proceeds from this offering
were used to enhance the capital and surplus of certain of our insurance
subsidiaries ($9.3 million), reduce intercompany obligations ($5.5 million) and
the balance to hold at the parent company for general corporate purposes. In
connection with this offering, certain shareholders of the company, none of whom
were management, sold 2.2 million shares at $5.00 per share, less the
underwriters' discounts and commissions of $0.3187 per share.
F-25
On August 13, 2001, the over-allotment option provided in the
underwriting agreement was exercised and, as a result, the Company issued an
additional 720,000 shares of common stock at a price of $5.00 per share, less
the underwriters' discounts and commissions of $0.3187 per share, generating
additional net proceeds of $3.4 million. In connection with the over-allotment
option, certain shareholders sold an additional 30,000 shares at $5.00 per
share, less the underwriters' discounts and commissions of $0.3187 per share.
The net proceeds to the Company of the total offering, including the
over-allotment, was $26.2 million, net of total expenses of $2.6 million.
Shareholders' Agreement
Universal American, Capital Z, Richard Barasch (the Chairman and Chief
Executive Officer of the Company) and several other shareholders of Universal
American entered into a shareholders' agreement on July 30, 1999 (the
"Shareholders' Agreement"). The Shareholders' Agreement requires that all
proposed sales/transfers by the other shareholders who are party to the
Shareholders' Agreement must first be offered to Richard Barasch and Capital Z,
including its affiliates. However, pledges and some other transfers by any party
to the Shareholders' Agreement of less than 1% of Universal American's
outstanding common stock at any one time, or 2.5% when aggregated with the other
transfers by the shareholder and his, her or its permitted transferees of
Universal American's outstanding common stock, are permitted. In addition,
Richard Barasch was not permitted to sell more than 3% of his holdings for a
three-year period beginning July 30, 1999. The Shareholders' Agreement provides
for tag-along and drag-along rights under some circumstances. "Tag-along rights"
allow the holder of stock to include his, her or its stock in a sale of common
stock initiated by another party to the Shareholders' Agreement. "Drag-along
rights" permit a selling party to the Shareholders' Agreement to force the other
parties to the Shareholders' Agreement to sell a proportion of the other
holder's shares in a sale arranged by the selling shareholder.
Under the terms of the Shareholders' Agreement, of the nine members of
Universal American's board of directors, certain shareholders are permitted to
nominate directors as follows: Capital Z: four, Richard Barasch: two and
Universal American: two. Capital Z and Richard Barasch are each required to vote
for the director(s) nominated by the other. The right of Richard Barasch to
nominate directors is conditioned upon his continued employment with Universal
American. In addition, the right to nominate directors is not transferable,
except that Capital Z may transfer its right to a third-party buyer who acquires
10% or more of the outstanding common stock of Universal American from Capital
Z.
Treasury Stock
On December 18, 2003, The Board of Directors approved a plan to
increase the number of shares of Company stock the Company can repurchase in the
open market to 1.5 million shares from 1.0 million shares. The primary purpose
of the plan is to fund employee stock bonuses.
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
2003 2002
---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------
WEIGHTED WEIGHTED
AVERAGE AVERAGE
COST PER COST PER
SHARES AMOUNT SHARE SHARES AMOUNT SHARE
-------- ------------ ------------ -------- ------------ ------------
(In thousands) (In thousands)
Treasury stock beginning of year 241,076 $ 1,320 $ 5.48 80,982 $ 386 $ 4.76
Shares repurchased 141,718 1,113 7.85 263,385 1,520 5.77
Shares distributed in the form of
employee bonuses (189,931) (1,043) 5.58 (103,291) (586) 6.45
-------- ------------ ------------ -------- ------------ ------------
Treasury stock, end of period 192,863 $ 1,390 $ 7.21 241,076 $ 1,320 $ 5.48
======== ============ ============ ======== ============ ============
Through December 31, 2003, the Company had repurchased 760,190 shares
at an aggregate cost of $4.1 million. As of December 31, 2003, 739,810 shares
remained available for repurchase under the program. Additional repurchases may
be made from time to time at prevailing prices, subject to restrictions on
volume and timing.
F-26
Additional Paid In Capital
The Company provided loans to certain members of management to purchase
shares of common stock in connection with the 1999 acquisition. The loans
totaled $1.0 million at inception and were accounted for as a reduction of
additional paid in capital in the financial statements. Repayments of these
loans amounted to $0.7 million in 2003 and $0.1 million in 2001 and are reported
as an increase additional paid in capital. As of December 31, 2003, the
outstanding balance of these loans was $0.2 million.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
The components of accumulated other comprehensive income are as
follows:
December 31,
2003 2002 2001
---------- ---------- ----------
(In thousands)
Net unrealized appreciation
on investments $ 59,464 $ 50,880 $ 12,234
Deferred acquisition cost adjustment (4,985) (2,320) (361)
Foreign currency translation gains (losses) 6,516 (2,574) (3,253)
Fair value of cash flow swap 196 - -
Deferred tax on the above (21,417) (16,099) (3,017)
---------- ---------- ----------
Accumulated other comprehensive income $ 39,774 $ 29,887 $ 5,603
========== ========== ==========
9. STOCK BASED COMPENSATION
1998 Incentive Compensation Plan
On May 28, 1998, the Company's shareholders approved the 1998 Incentive
Compensation Plan (the "1998 ICP"). The 1998 ICP superceded the Company's 1993
Incentive Stock Option Plan. Options previously granted under the Company's
Incentive Stock Option Plan will remain outstanding in accordance with their
terms and the terms of the respective plans. The 1998 ICP provides for grants of
stock options, stock appreciation rights ("SARs"), restricted stock, deferred
stock, other stock-related awards, and performance or annual incentive awards
that may be settled in cash, stock, or other property ("Awards").
The total number of shares of the Company's Common Stock reserved and
available for delivery to participants in connection with Awards under the 1998
ICP is (i) 1.5 million, plus (ii) the number of shares of Common Stock subject
to awards under Preexisting Plans that become available (generally due to
cancellation or forfeiture) after the effective date of the 1998 ICP, plus (iii)
13% of the number of shares of Common Stock issued or delivered by the
Corporation during the term of the 1998 ICP (excluding any issuance or delivery
in connection with Awards, or any other compensation or benefit plan of the
Corporation), provided, however, that the total number of shares of Common Stock
with respect to which incentive stock options ("ISOs") may be granted shall not
exceed 1.5 million. As of December 31, 2003, a total of 7.3 million shares were
eligible for grant under the plan of which 4.9 million shares reserved for
delivery under outstanding options awarded under the 1998 ICP, 2.0 million
shares had been issued pursuant to previous awards and 0.4 million shares
reserved for issuance under future Awards at December 31, 2003.
Executive officers, directors, and other officers and employees of the
Corporation or any subsidiary, as well as other persons who provide services to
the Company or any subsidiary, are eligible to be granted Awards under the 1998
ICP, which is administered by the Board or a Committee established pursuant to
the Plan.
The Committee, may, in its discretion, accelerate the exercisability,
the lapsing of restrictions, or the expiration of deferral or vesting periods of
any Award, and such accelerated exercisability, lapse, expiration and vesting
shall occur automatically in the case of a "change in control" of the Company,
except to the extent otherwise determined by the Committee at the date of grant
or thereafter. The Committee has not yet exercised any of its discretions noted
above.
F-27
Employee Stock Awards
In accordance with the 1998 ICP, the Company grants restricted stock to
its officers and non-officer employees. These grants vest upon issue. The
non-officer grants are expensed and awarded in the same year. The Company
granted awards to non-officer employees of 5,119 shares with a fair value of
$9.71 per share during 2003, 7,721 shares with a fair value of $5.92 per share
during 2002 and 11,386 shares with a fair value of $6.81 per share during 2001.
Officer grants are accrued for during the year for which they are earned and
awarded the following year. The grant for 2003 performance has not yet been
determined. The Company granted awards to officers of 181,914 shares with a fair
value of $5.57 per share for 2002 performance and 103,216 shares with a fair
value of $6.45 per share for 2001 performance. The Company recognized
compensation expense of $1.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2002, and
$0.7 million for 2001.
Agent's Stock Purchase Plan
The Company offers shares of its common stock for sale to qualifying
agents of the Insurance Subsidiaries pursuant to the Company's Agents Stock
Purchase Plan ("ASPP"). Shares are sold at market price and, accordingly, no
expense is recognized. Pursuant to the ASPP, agents purchased 183,286 shares at
a weighted average price of $6.20 per share in 2003, 30,250 shares at a weighted
average price of $6.30 per share in 2002, and 13,100 shares at a weighted
average price of $4.89 per share in 2001.
Agent's Deferred Compensation Plan
The Company also offers shares of Common Stock for sale to its agents
pursuant to the Company's Deferred Compensation Plan for Agents ("DCP"). Under
the DCP, agents may elect to defer receipt between 5% and 100% of their first
year commission, which deferral will be matched by a contribution by the
Company, initially set at 25% of the amount of the deferral, up to a maximum of
5% of the agent's commissions. Both the agent's participation in the DCP and the
Company's obligation to match the agent's deferral are subject to the agent
satisfying and continuing to satisfy minimum earning, production and persistency
standards. Shares are sold under the plan at market price and, accordingly, no
expense is recognized, except for the fair value of the shares representing the
Company match on the date of the contribution to the DCP. Agents deferred
commissions amounting to $0.1 million in 2003, $0.3 million in 2002, and $0.2
million in 2001.
Option Awards
A summary of the status of the Company's stock option plans during the
three years ended December 31, 2003 and changes during the years ending on those
dates is presented below:
2003 2002 2001
------------------ ------------------ -------------------
Weighted- Weighted- Weighted-
Average Average Average
Fixed Exercise Exercise Exercise
Options Options Price Options Price Options Price
- ------- ------- --------- ------- --------- ------- ---------
(In thousands) (In thousands) (In thousands)
Outstanding-beginning of year 5,513 $ 3.87 4,916 $ 3.31 4,643 $ 3.22
Granted 745 6.28 940 6.64 485 4.14
Exercised (389) 3.63 (284) 3.30 (168) 2.95
Terminated (210) 4.77 (59) 4.21 (44) 3.60
===== ----- -----
Outstanding-end of year 5,659 $ 4.17 5,513 $ 3.87 4,916 $ 3.31
===== ===== =====
Options exercisable at end of
Year 4,019 $ 3.78 3,601 $ 3.51 2,911 $ 3.16
===== ===== =====
F-28
A summary of the weighted average fair value of options granted during
the three years ended December 31, 2003 is presented below:
2003 2002 2001
------------------ ------------------ -------------------
Weighted- Weighted- Weighted-
Average Average Average
Fair Fair Fair
Options Value Options Value Options Value
------- --------- ------- --------- ------- ---------
(In thousands) (In thousands) (In thousands)
Above market 306 $ 1.85 176 $ 2.11 93 $ 1.13
At market 439 2.84 629 4.08 382 2.60
Below market - - 135 3.01 10 2.16
--- --- ---
Total granted 745 $ 2.43 940 $ 3.55 485 $ 2.31
=== === ===
The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding at
December 31, 2003:
Number Weighted- Number
Outstanding Average Weighted- Exercisable Weighted-
Range of at Remaining Average at Average
Exercise Prices December 31, 2003 Contractual Life Exercise Price December 31, 2003 Exercise Price
- --------------- ----------------- ------------------ -------------- ----------------- ---------------
(In thousands) (In thousands)
$ 1.88 - 3.12 946 3.7 years $2.49 945 $2.49
3.15 2,162 4.9 years 3.15 1,600 3.15
3.25 - 4.79 822 5.4 years 4.09 694 4.08
5.00 - 10.56 1,729 6.1 years 6.41 780 6.36
----- -----
$1.88 - 10.56 5,659 5.1 years $4.17 4,019 $3.78
===== =====
A summary of the activity relating to the options awarded by the
Company for employees, directors and agents for the three years ended December
31, 2003, is as follows:
Agents & Range of Exercise
Employees Directors Others Total Prices
--------- --------- -------- ----- -----------------
(In thousands)
Balance, January 1, 2001 3,370 175 1,098 4,643
Granted 334 48 103 485 $3.15 - $ 6.00
Exercised (83) (10) (75) (168) $2.20 - $ 4.06
Terminated (23) (3) (18) (44) $3.15 - $ 4.25
----- --- ----- ----- --------------
Balance, December 31, 2001 3,598 210 1,108 4,916
Granted 571 53 316 940 $4.75 - $ 8.55
Exercised (131) (10) (143) (284) $2.00 - $ 5.31
Terminated (34) (11) (14) (59) $2.25 - $ 6.45
----- --- ----- ----- --------------
Balance, December 31, 2002 4,004 242 1,267 5,513
Granted 391 48 306 745 $5.57 - $10.56
Exercised (162) (2) (225) (389) $2.00 - $ 8.42
Terminated (122) (9) (79) (210) $2.62 - $ 8.42
----- --- ----- ----- --------------
Balance, December 31, 2003 4,111 279 1,269 5,659
===== === ===== =====
At December 31, 2003, approximately 2.8 million, 0.2 million, and 1.0
million options were exercisable by employees, directors and agents,
respectively.
Options Granted to Employees
Options are generally granted to eligible employees at a price not less
than the market price of the Company's common stock on the date of the grant.
Option shares may be exercised subject to the terms prescribed by the individual
grant agreement, however, options generally vest 50% after the first year and
50% after the second year. Vested options must be exercised not later than ten
years after the date of the grant or following earlier termination of
employment. Because these awards are made at a price equal to or greater than
market on the date of grant, no compensation cost is recognized for such awards.
F-29
The Company issued 2.3 million below market stock options with an
exercise price of $3.15 per share to certain employees and members of management
on August 1, 1999. During 2000, the Company issued an additional 0.2 million
below market stock options with an exercise price of $3.15 per share to certain
relocated employees and members of management on July 31, 2000. As of December
31, 2003, the number of these options outstanding decreased to 1.8 million,
through employee terminations and exercises. These options generally vest 20%
upon grant and 20% each subsequent year. However, 0.6 million vest after seven
years, subject to certain criteria, which could accelerate vesting to five
years. These options must be exercised not later than ten years after the date
of the grant or following earlier termination of employment. In accordance with
APB 25, the Company recorded an expense for the difference between the exercise
price of $3.15 per share and the value of the options on the date of grant of
$0.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2003, $0.6 million for the year
ended December 31, 2002, and $0.6 million for 2001.
Stock Options Issued to Directors
Directors of the Company are eligible for options under the 1998 ICP.
The 1998 ICP provides that unless otherwise determined by the Board, each
non-employee director would be granted an option to purchase 4,500 shares of
Common Stock upon approval of the 1998 ICP by shareholders or, as to directors
thereafter elected, his or her initial election to the Board, and at each annual
meeting of shareholders starting in 1999 at which he or she qualifies as a
non-employee director. The 1998 ICP also provides that the non-employee
directors for American Progressive and Penncorp Life (Canada) would be granted
an option to purchase 1,500 shares of Common Stock at each annual meeting.
Unless otherwise determined by the Board, such options will have an exercise
price equal to 100% of the fair market value per share on the date of grant and
will become exercisable in three equal installments after each of the first,
second and third anniversaries of the date of grant based on continued service
as a director. Because these are made at a price equal to market, no
compensation expense is recognized for such awards.
Stock Option Plan for Agents and Others
On December 15, 1995, the Board of Directors approved a plan under
which up to 200,000 options could be granted to agents of the Company's
subsidiaries (subject to insurance law restrictions) and to other persons as to
whom the board of directors believes the grant of such options will serve the
best interests of the Corporation, provided that no options may be granted under
this plan to officers, directors or employees of the Company or of any
subsidiary, while they are serving as such. Such options expire ten years from
the date of the grant. Options outstanding under this plan total 40,000, all of
which are exercisable. In 1998, Senior Market Brokerage agents and other persons
became eligible for options under the 1998 ICP. Senior Market Brokerage agents
were awarded a total of 139,500 options with an exercise price of $7.40 per
share in 2003 for 2002 sales performance, 166,200 options with an exercise price
of $8.42 per share in 2002 for 2001 sales performance and 159,600 options with
an exercise price of $5.00 per share in 2001 for 2000 sales performance.
Beginning in 2002, Regional Managers in our Career Segment became eligible for
option under the 1998 ICP. Regional Managers were awarded a total of 124,690
options with an exercise price of $6.41 per share and 42,107 options with an
exercise price of $7.40 per share in 2003 for 2002 production and 67,500 options
with exercise prices ranging from $4.75 to $8.55 per share in 2002. These
options vest in equal installments over a three year period and expire five
years from the date of grant. The exercise prices are set at between 110% and
125% of the fair market value of Universal American common stock on the date of
the award. Additionally, Career agents were awarded stock grants of 37,189
shares with a fair value of $5.92 in 2003 for 2002 production.
In connection with the acquisition of the Pennsylvania Life, the
Company adopted additional stock option plans for agents and regional managers
of the Career segment. The Career agents and managers were eligible to earn
stock and stock options based on new premium production at predetermined
exercise prices. A total of 1,486,730 shares were eligible for award under this
plan, which ended at December 31, 2001. Options and stock awarded to agents
under this plan cliff vest 24 months after the end of the year of option grant
and expire at the earliest of the termination date as an agent or 30 days after
the option becomes exercisable. The Career agents were awarded 62,657 options,
net of terminations, with an exercise price of $4.79 in 2002 related to 2001
sales performance and 59,861 options with an exercise price of $4.17 in 2001
related to 2000 sales performance. The Career agents were also awarded stock
grants of 71,429 shares with a fair value on the date of the award of $4.79 per
F-30
share in 2002 for 2001 sales performance and 63,097 shares with a fair value of
$4.17 per share in 2001 for 2000 sales performance. Regional managers of the
Career segment were awarded 12,203 options with an exercise price of $4.79 in
2002 for 2001 sales performance and 19,904 options with an exercise price of
$4.17 per share in 2001 for 2000 performance.
In accordance with SFAS 123, the fair values of these options are
expensed over the vesting period of each award. Total expense relating to the
above plans was $0.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2003, $0.7 million
for the year ended December 31, 2002, and $0.2 million for 2001.
10. STATUTORY CAPITAL AND SURPLUS REQUIREMENTS AND DIVIDEND RESTRICTIONS:
Statutory Capital and Surplus Requirements
The insurance subsidiaries' statutory basis financial statements are
prepared in accordance with accounting practices prescribed or permitted by
their respective domiciliary states. "Prescribed" statutory accounting practices
include state laws, regulations and general administrative rules, as well as
publications of the NAIC. "Permitted" statutory accounting practices encompass
all accounting practices that are not prescribed but are authorized by the
relevant insurance departments; such practices may differ from state to state,
may differ from company to company within a state and may change in the future.
The insurance subsidiaries are required to maintain minimum amounts of
capital and surplus as required by regulatory authorities. As of December 31,
2003, each insurance company subsidiary's statutory capital and surplus exceeds
its respective minimum requirement. However, substantially more than such
minimum amounts are needed to meet statutory and administrative requirements of
adequate capital and surplus to support the current level of the insurance
subsidiaries' operations. The statutory capital and surplus, including asset
valuation reserve, of the U.S. insurance subsidiaries totaled $117.1 million at
December 31, 2003 and $106.5 million at December 31, 2002. The net statutory
income for the year ended December 31, 2003 was $6.0 million, which included net
realized losses of $0.3 million. The net statutory loss for the year ended
December 31, 2002 was $9.1 million, which included net realized losses of $16.8
million.
The National Association of Insurance Commissioners has developed, and
state insurance regulators have adopted, risk-based capital ("RBC") requirements
on life insurance enterprises. At December 31, 2003 all of the insurance
subsidiaries maintained ratios of total adjusted capital to RBC in excess of the
minimum trigger point for regulatory action.
Penncorp Life (Canada) is subject to Canadian capital requirements and
reports its results to Canadian regulatory authorities based upon Canadian
generally accepted accounting principles that vary in some respects from U.S.
statutory accounting practices, and U.S. generally accepted accounting
principles. Under Canadian generally accepted actuarial practice, periodic
morbidity and lapse experience studies are performed, that may result in an
increase or decrease in policy benefit liabilities in that year. Penncorp Life
(Canada) completed such a study during the fourth quarter of 2003, resulting in
a C$42.3 million reduction in policy benefit liabilities. Net income based on
Canadian generally accepted accounting principles was C$34.4 million (US$24.6
million) for the year ended December 31, 2003 and was C$12.8 million (US$8.2
million) for 2002. Canadian net assets based upon Canadian generally accepted
accounting principles were C$82.9 million (US$63.5 million) at December 31, 2003
and C$59.7 million (US$38.1 million) as of December 31, 2002. Penncorp Life
(Canada) maintained a Minimum Continuing Capital and Surplus Requirement Ratio
("MCCSR") in excess of the minimum requirement at December 31, 2003.
Dividend Restrictions
American Progressive is a New York insurance company. New York State
Insurance Law provides that the declaration or payment of a dividend by American
Progressive requires the approval of the New York Superintendent of Insurance.
Management expects that no dividend would be approved until American Progressive
had generated sufficient statutory profits to offset its negative unassigned
surplus.
F-31
Pennsylvania Life is a Pennsylvania insurance company, Pyramid Life is
a Kansas insurance company and American Exchange, Constitution, Marquette and
Union Bankers are Texas insurance companies. Pennsylvania, Kansas and Texas
insurance laws provide that a life insurer may pay dividends or make
distributions from accumulated earning without the prior approval of the
Insurance Department, provided they do not exceed the greater of (i) 10% of the
insurer's surplus as to policyholders as of the preceding December 31; or (ii)
the insurer's net gain from operations for the immediately preceding calendar
year with 30 days advance notification to the insurance department. Accordingly,
Pennsylvania Life would be able to pay ordinary dividends of up to $10.6 million
and Constitution would be able to pay $2.3 million to American Exchange (their
direct parent) without the prior approval from the Pennsylvania or Texas
Insurance Departments in 2004. Pyramid Life would be able to pay ordinary
dividends of up to $2.2 million to Pennsylvania Life (its direct parent) without
the prior approval from the Kansas Insurance Department and Marquette would be
able to pay ordinary dividends of up to $0.2 million to Constitution (its direct
parent) without the prior approval from the Texas Insurance Department in 2004.
American Exchange and Union Bankers had negative earned surplus at December 31,
2003 and would not be able to pay dividends in 2004 without special approval.
Texas companies are also required to have positive "earned surplus", as defined
by Texas regulations, which differs from statutory unassigned surplus.
American Pioneer and Peninsular are Florida insurance companies.
Florida State insurance law provides that a life insurer may pay a dividend or
make a distribution without the prior written approval of the department when
certain conditions are met. American Pioneer had negative unassigned surplus at
December 31, 2003 and would not be able to pay dividends in 2004 without special
approval.
Penncorp Life (Canada) is a Canadian insurance company. Canadian law
provides that a life insurer may pay a dividend after such dividend declaration
has been approved by its board of directors and upon at least 10 days prior
notification to the Superintendent of Financial Institutions. Such a dividend is
limited to retained net income (based on Canadian GAAP) for the preceding two
years, plus net income earned for the current year. In considering approval of a
dividend, the board of directors must consider whether the payment of such
dividend would be in contravention of the Insurance Companies Act of Canada.
During the first quarter of 2004, Penncorp Life (Canada) paid dividends of
C$26.7 million (approximately US$20.0 million) to Universal American in 2004.
Accordingly, we anticipate that Penncorp (Canada) will be able to pay dividends
equal to its net income earned during 2004.
Dividends Paid
During the year ended December 31, 2003, no dividends were declared or
paid by the U.S. insurance company subsidiaries to American Exchange. Penncorp
Life (Canada) paid dividends to Universal American totaling $8.1 million during
2003. CHCS Services, Inc. also paid dividends to Universal American totaling
$8.5 million in 2003.
During the year ended December 31, 2002, Pennsylvania Life paid
ordinary dividends to American Exchange totaling $3.0 million. Penncorp Life
(Canada) paid dividends to Universal American totaling $5.9 million during 2002.
CHCS Services, Inc. also paid dividends to Universal American totaling $9.1
million in 2002.
During the year ended December 31, 2001, Union Bankers paid an ordinary
dividend to American Exchange of $1.7 million. Union Bankers also distributed
its investment in the common stock of Marquette to American Exchange in the form
of an extraordinary dividend. Additionally, Peninsular paid an extraordinary
dividend of $1.9 million to American Pioneer in 2001. CHCS Services, Inc. also
paid dividends to Universal American totaling $9.3 million in 2001.
Capital Contributed
During 2003, Universal American contributed $26.0 million in capital
through American Exchange to Pennsylvania Life for the purchase of Pyramid Life.
Universal American contributed another $9.5 million through American Exchange to
its U.S. insurance subsidiaries for capital maintenance. Pennsylvania Life
contributed $1.0 million to Pyramid Life in 2003.
F-32
Universal American contributed $4.2 million in capital to its U.S.
insurance subsidiaries during 2002. Another $10.0 million was contributed to
American Exchange during 2002 in exchange for a corresponding reduction in the
surplus note.
During 2001, Universal American contributed $11.4 million in capital to
its U.S. insurance subsidiaries.
11. DEFERRED POLICY ACQUISITION COSTS:
Details with respect to deferred policy acquisition costs (in
thousands) for the three years ended December 31, 2003 are as follows:
2003 2002 2001
--------- --------- ---------
(In thousands)
Balance, beginning of year $ 92,093 $ 66,025 $ 48,651
Capitalized costs 88,505 40,550 29,550
Adjustment relating to unrealized gains on
fixed maturities (2,665) (1,958) (1,334)
Adjustment relating to recapture of
reinsurance 275 - -
Foreign currency adjustment 2,904 176 (478)
Amortization (37,401) (12,700) (10,364)
--------- --------- ---------
Balance, end of year $ 143,711 $ 92,093 $ 66,025
========= ========= =========
The increase in the amount of acquisition costs capitalized during 2003
and the corresponding increase in amortization is directly related to the
increase in new business as a result of the acquisitions of Pyramid Life and the
Guarantee Reserve marketing organization, the recapture of the Transamerica
reinsurance and the increase in retention on new business, as well as the
increase in annuities written during the year.
12. ACCIDENT AND HEALTH POLICY AND CONTRACT CLAIM LIABILITIES:
Activity in the accident & health policy and contract claim liability is as
follows:
2003 2002 2001
--------- --------- ---------
(In thousands)
Balance at beginning of year $ 88,216 $ 79,596 $ 77,884
Less reinsurance recoverables (48,925) (44,685) (43,502)
--------- --------- ---------
Net balance at beginning of year 39,291 34,911 34,382
--------- --------- ---------
Balances acquired 18,744 3,198 --
Incurred related to:
Current year 249,862 138,429 114,767
Prior years (1,949) (1,506) (613)
--------- --------- ---------
Total incurred 247,913 136,923 114,154
--------- --------- ---------
Paid related to:
Current year 172,450 77,357 62,366
Prior years 73,454 58,486 50,918
--------- --------- ---------
Total paid 245,904 135,843 113,284
--------- --------- ---------
Foreign currency adjustment 1,174 102 (341)
--------- --------- ---------
Net balance at end of year 61,218 39,291 34,911
Plus reinsurance recoverables 39,014 48,925 44,685
--------- --------- ---------
Balance at end of year $ 100,232 $ 88,216 $ 79,596
========= ========= =========
F-33
In 2003, the Company acquired Pyramid Life and recaptured a block of
Medicare Supplement business previously ceded to Transamerica. In 2002, the
Company acquired, through a 100% quota share reinsurance agreement, a block of
Medicare Supplement business representing approximately $20.0 million of
annualized premium in force. The balances acquired represent the accident &
health claim liabilities acquired in this transaction.
During 2003 and 2002, the favorable development on the accident and
health claims reserves resulted from the improvement in claims management
processes in the Career Agency segment. For the year ended December 31, 2001,
the favorable or unfavorable development on accident and health claim reserves
was less than two percent of the prior year net balance.
13. REINSURANCE:
In the normal course of business, the Company reinsures portions of
certain policies that it underwrites. The Company enters into reinsurance
arrangements with unaffiliated reinsurance companies to limit our exposure on
individual claims and to limit or eliminate risk on our non-core or
underperforming blocks of business. Accordingly, the Company is party to several
reinsurance agreements on its life and accident and health insurance risks. The
Company's senior market accident and health insurance products are generally
reinsured under quota share coinsurance treaties with unaffiliated insurers,
while the life insurance risks are reinsured under either quota share
coinsurance or yearly-renewable term treaties with unaffiliated insurers. Under
quota share coinsurance treaties, the Company pays the reinsurer an agreed upon
percentage of all premiums and the reinsurer reimburses the Company that same
percentage of any losses. In addition, the reinsurer pays the Company certain
allowances to cover commissions, cost of administering the policies and premium
taxes. Under yearly-renewable term treaties, the reinsurer receives premiums at
an agreed upon rate for its share of the risk on a yearly-renewable term basis.
The Company also uses excess of loss reinsurance agreements for certain policies
whereby the Company limits its loss in excess of specified thresholds. The
Company's quota share coinsurance agreements are generally subject to
cancellation on 90 days notice as to future business, but policies reinsured
prior to such cancellation remain reinsured as long as they remain in force.
The Company evaluates the financial condition of its reinsurers and
monitors concentrations of credit risk to minimize its exposure to significant
losses from reinsurer insolvencies. The Company is obligated to pay claims in
the event that any reinsure to whom we have ceded an insured claim fails to meet
its obligations under the reinsurance agreement.
The Company has several quota share reinsurance agreements in place
with General Re Life Corporation ("General Re"), Hannover Life Re of America
("Hannover") and Transamerica Occidental Life ("Transamerica"), (collectively,
the "Reinsurers"), which Reinsurers are rated A or better by A.M. Best. These
agreements cover various accident and health insurance products, primarily
Medicare Supplement and long term care policies, written or acquired by the
Company and contain ceding percentages ranging between 15% and 100%. Effective
January 1, 2004, the Company increased its retention on all new Medicare
Supplement business to 100%. Therefore, the Company no longer reinsures new
Medicare Supplement business. During 2003, we ceded premiums of $123.5 million
to General Re, representing 17% of our total direct and assumed premiums and we
ceded premiums of $116.3 million to Hannover, representing 16% of our total
direct and assumed premiums. The reinsurance with Transamerica was recaptured,
effective April 1, 2003 (See Note 5 - Reinsurance Transactions). At December 31,
2003 and 2002 amounts recoverable from all our reinsurers were as follows:
2003 2002
--------- ---------
(In thousands)
Reinsurer
General Re $ 95,907 $ 99,412
Hannover 69,544 74,302
Transamerica 2,002 15,680
Other 51,729 30,706
--------- ---------
Total $ 219,182 $ 220,100
========= =========
F-34
At December 31, 2003, the total amount recoverable from reinsurers
included $215.5 million recoverable on future policy benefits and unpaid claims
and $3.7 million for amounts due from reinsurers on paid claims, commissions and
expense allowances net of premiums reinsured. At December 31, 2002, the total
amount recoverable from reinsurers included $216.4 million recoverable on future
policy benefits and unpaid claims and $3.7 million for amounts due from
reinsurers on paid claims, commissions and expense allowances net of premiums
reinsured. A summary of reinsurance is presented below:
As of December 31,
---------------------------------------------
2003 2002 2001
----------- ----------- -----------
(In thousands)
Life insurance in force
Gross amount $ 3,757,618 $ 3,105,477 $ 3,266,564
Ceded to other companies (788,761) (692,132) (687,615)
Assumed from other companies 145,028 62,423 48,747
----------- ----------- -----------
Net amount $ 3,113,885 $ 2,475,768 $ 2,627,696
=========== =========== ===========
Percentage of assumed to net 5% 3% 2%
=========== =========== ===========
Year Ended December 31,
---------------------------------------------
2003 2002 2001
----------- ----------- -----------
(In thousands)
Premiums
Life insurance $ 44,268 $ 37,682 $ 36,411
Accident and health 656,147 549,004 477,164
----------- ----------- -----------
Total gross premiums 700,415 586,686 513,575
----------- ----------- -----------
Ceded to other companies
Life insurance (8,142) (7,656) (7,875)
Accident and health (272,347) (317,528) (279,043)
----------- ----------- -----------
Total ceded premiums (280,489) (325,184) (286,918)
----------- ----------- -----------
Assumed from other companies
Life insurance 3,339 1,044 2,071
Accident and health 23,703 4,031 478
----------- ----------- -----------
Total assumed premium 27,042 5,075 2,549
----------- ----------- -----------
Net amount
Life insurance 39,465 31,070 30,607
Accident and health 407,503 235,507 198,599
----------- ----------- -----------
Total net premium $ 446,968 $ 266,577 $ 229,206
=========== =========== ===========
Percentage of assumed to net
Life insurance 8% 3% 7%
Accident and health 6% 2% -%
----------- ----------- -----------
Total assumed to total net 6% 2% 1%
=========== =========== ===========
Claims recovered $ 189,626 $ 224,676 $ 201,121
=========== =========== ===========
14. LOAN AGREEMENTS:
Refinancing of Debt
As of January 1, 2003, the outstanding balance of the Company's
existing loan was $50.8 million. In January 2003, the Company made a scheduled
principal payment of $2.8 million, and in March, 2003 made a principal payment
of $5.0 million from a portion of the proceeds from the issuance of Trust
Preferred securities (see Note 15 - Trust Preferred Securities). These payments
reduced the outstanding balance to $42.9 million, which was repaid from the
proceeds of the new loan obtained in connection with the acquisition of Pyramid
Life. The early extinguishment of the existing debt resulted in the immediate
amortization of the related capitalized loan origination, resulting in a pre-tax
expense of approximately $1.8 million.
F-35
New Credit Facility
In connection with the acquisition of Pyramid Life (see Note 3 -
Business Combination), the Company obtained a new credit facility on March 31,
2003 to repay the existing loan and provide funds for the acquisition of Pyramid
Life. This $80 million credit facility consists of a $65 million term loan which
was drawn to fund the acquisition and a $15 million revolving loan facility,
none of which has been drawn as of December 31, 2003. The facility calls for
interest at the London Interbank Offering Rate ("LIBOR") for one, two or three
months, at the option of the Company, plus 300 basis points (currently 4.1%).
Due to the variable interest rate for this loan, the Company would be subject to
higher interest costs if short-term interest rates rise. Principal repayments
are scheduled over a five-year period with a final maturity date of March 31,
2008. The Company incurred loan origination fees of approximately $2.1 million,
which were capitalized and are being amortized on a straight-line basis over the
life of the loan. The Company pays an annual commitment fee of 50 basis points
on the unutilized facility. The obligations of the Company under the new credit
facility are secured by 100% of the common stock of the Company's U.S. insurance
subsidiaries and 65% of the Company's Canadian subsidiary. In addition, the
obligations are guaranteed by CHCS Services Inc. and other direct and indirect
subsidiaries of the Company (collectively the "Guarantors") and secured by all
of the assets of each of the Guarantors.
In accordance with the Credit Agreement, 50% of the net proceeds from
the $30 million Trust Preferred securities issued in May 2003 (see Note 15 -
Trust Preferred Securities) were used to pay down the new term loan. In October
2003, $6.0 million of the proceeds from an additional $20 million Trust
Preferred offering was used to further reduce the outstanding balance of the new
term loan. A waiver was requested and received to limit the required repayment
from the proceeds of the Trust Preferred offering to $6.0 million. Future
scheduled principal payments were reduced as a result of these repayments,
primarily in 2006 and 2007. In 2003, the Company has made regularly scheduled
principal payments of $5.8 million. The Company paid $1.6 million in interest
and fees in connection with the new credit facility and $1.1 million in
connection with the prior credit facility during the year ended December 31,
2003. During 2002, the company paid $5.2 million in interest and fees in
connection with the prior credit facility.
The following table shows the schedule of principal payments (in
thousand) remaining on the Company's new term loan, as of December 31, 2003,
with the final payment in March 2008:
2004 $ 7,488
2005 8,623
2006 8,922
2007 9,607
2008 3,532
----------
$ 38,172
==========
The following table sets forth certain summary information with respect
to total borrowings of the Company for the three years ended December 31, 2003:
As of December 31, Year Ended December 31,
-------------------------- ---------------------------------------------
Weighted
Maximum Average Average
Amount Interest Amount Amount Interest
Outstanding Rate Outstanding Outstanding(a) Rate (b)
-------------- -------- -------------- -------------- ---------
(In thousands) (In thousands) (In thousands)
2003 $ 38,172 4.14% $ 65,000 $ 49,889 4.50%
=========== ======== ============== ============== =========
2002 $ 50,775 5.33% $ 61,475 $ 55,731 5.44%
=========== ======== ============== ============== =========
2001 $ 61,475 5.43% $ 69,650 $ 65,490 7.84%
=========== ======== ============== ============== =========
- ----------------
(a) The average amounts of borrowings outstanding were computed by determining
the arithmetic average of the months' average outstanding in borrowings.
(b) The weighted-average interest rates were determined by dividing interest
expense related to total borrowings by the average amounts outstanding of
such borrowings.
F-36
15. TRUST PREFERRED SECURITIES:
Separate subsidiary trusts of the Company (the "Trusts") have issued a
combined $75.0 million in thirty year trust preferred securities (the "Capital
Securities") as of December 31, 2003, as detailed in the following table:
Maturity Amount Spread Rate as of
Date Issued Term Over LIBOR December 31, 2003
- -------------- --------------- -------------- ---------- -----------------
(In thousands)
December 2032 $ 15,000 Fixed/Floating (1) 5.2%
March 2033 10,000 Floating 400 5.2%
May 2033 15,000 Floating 420 5.4%
May 2033 15,000 Fixed/Floating (2) 7.4%
October 2033 20,000 Floating 395 5.1%
--------------
$ 75,000
==============
(1) Effective September, 2003, Universal American entered into a swap agreement
whereby we will pay a fixed rate of 6.7% in exchange for a floating rate of
LIBOR plus 400 basis points. The swap contract ends in December 2007.
(2) The rate on this issue is fixed at 7.4% for the first five years, after
which it is converted to a floating rate equal to LIBOR plus 410 basis
points.
The Trusts have the right to call the Capital Securities at par after
five years from the date of issuance. The proceeds from the sale of the Capital
Securities, together with proceeds from the sale by the Trusts of their common
securities to the Company, were invested in thirty-year floating rate junior
subordinated deferrable interest debentures of the Company (the "Junior
Subordinated Debt"). From the proceeds of the trust preferred securities, $26.0
million was used to pay down debt with the balance to be held for general
corporate purposes.
The Capital Securities represent an undivided beneficial interest in
the Trusts' assets, which consist solely of the Junior Subordinated Debt.
Holders of Capital Securities have no voting rights. The Company owns all of the
common securities of the Trusts. Holders of both the Capital Securities and the
Junior Subordinated Debt are entitled to receive cumulative cash distributions
accruing from the date of issuance, and payable quarterly in arrears at a
floating rate equal to the three-month LIBOR plus a spread. The floating rate
resets quarterly and is limited to a maximum of 12.5% during the first sixty
months. Due to the variable interest rate for these securities, the Company
would be subject to higher interest costs if short-term interest rates rise. The
Capital Securities are subject to mandatory redemption upon repayment of the
Junior Subordinated Debt at maturity or upon earlier redemption. The Junior
Subordinated Debt is unsecured and ranks junior and subordinate in right of
payment to all present and future senior debt of the Company and is effectively
subordinated to all existing and future obligations of the Company's
subsidiaries. The Company has the right to redeem the Junior Subordinated Debt
after five years from the date of issuance.
The Company has the right at any time, and from time to time, to defer
payments of interest on the Junior Subordinated Debt for a period not exceeding
20 consecutive quarters up to the debentures' maturity date. During any such
period, interest will continue to accrue and the Company may not declare or pay
any cash dividends or distributions on, or purchase, the Company's common stock
nor make any principal, interest or premium payments on or repurchase any debt
securities that rank equally with or junior to the Junior Subordinated Debt. The
Company has the right at any time to dissolve the Trusts and cause the Junior
Subordinated Debt to be distributed to the holders of the Capital Securities.
The Company has guaranteed, on a subordinated basis, all of the Trusts'
obligations under the Capital Securities including payment of the redemption
price and any accumulated and unpaid distributions to the extent of available
funds and upon dissolution, winding up or liquidation but only to the extent the
Trusts have funds available to make such payments. The Capital Securities have
not been and will not be registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended
(the "Securities Act"), and will only be offered and sold under an applicable
exemption from registration requirements under the Securities Act.
The Company paid $2.1 million in interest in connection with the trust
preferred securities during the year ended December 31, 2003.
F-37
16. DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS - CASH FLOW HEDGE
Effective September 4, 2003, the Company entered into a swap agreement
whereby it will pay a fixed rate of 6.7% on a $15.0 million notional amount
relating to the December, 2002 trust preferred issuance, in exchange for a
floating rate of LIBOR plus 400 bps, capped at 12.5%.
As of December 31, 2003, the fair value of the swap was $0.2 million
and is included in other assets. Since the swap is designated and qualifies as
cash flow hedge, changes in its fair value are recorded in accumulated other
comprehensive income.
17. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES:
Lease Obligations
We are obligated under certain lease arrangements for our executive and
administrative offices in New York, Florida, Texas, and Ontario, Canada. Rent
expense was $1.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2003, $1.7 million for
2002 and $1.8 million for 2001. Annual minimum rental commitments, subject to
escalation, under non-cancelable operating leases (in thousands) are as follows:
2004 $ 2,659
2005 1,735
2006 1,384
2007 and thereafter 2,398
--------
Totals $ 8,176
========
In addition to the above, Pennsylvania Life and Penncorp Life (Canada)
are the named lessees on approximately 57 properties occupied by Career Agents
for use as field offices. The Career Agents reimburse Pennsylvania Life and
Penncorp Life (Canada) the actual rent for these field offices. The total annual
rent obligation for these field offices is approximately $890,000.
Litigation
The Company has litigation in the ordinary course of business,
including claims for medical, disability and life insurance benefits, and in
some cases, seeking punitive damages. Management and counsel believe that after
reserves and liability insurance recoveries, none of these will have a material
adverse effect on the Company.
A lawsuit was commenced in 2002 against Universal American, American
Progressive and Richard A. Barasch by Marvin Barasch, a former Chairman of
American Progressive and Universal American. The five counts in the lawsuit
primarily arose out of Marvin Barasch's employment with the Company and included
personal claims against Richard Barasch. In July 2003 all of the counts were
dismissed, except for the allegation of age discrimination under New York State
law. In December, 2003, the company entered into a settlement agreement and
general release with Marvin Barasch pursuant to which Marvin Barasch was paid
$0.3 million in full settlement of the allegations. The payment was covered, in
part, by the Company's employment practices liability insurance.
18. UNIVERSAL AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORP. 401(K) SAVINGS PLAN:
Effective April 1, 1992, the Company adopted the Universal American
Financial Corp. 401(k) Savings Plan ("Savings Plan"). The Savings Plan is a
voluntary contributory plan under which employees may elect to defer
compensation for federal income tax purposes under Section 401(k) of the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986. The employee is entitled to participate in the
Savings Plan by contributing through payroll deductions up to 100% of the
employee's compensation. The participating employee is not taxed on these
contributions until they are distributed. Moreover, the employer's contributions
vest at the rate of 25% per plan year, starting at the end of the second year.
Amounts credited to employee's accounts under the Savings Plan are invested by
the employer-appointed investment committee. Currently, the Company matches 50%
of the employee's first 4% of contributions to 2% of the employee's eligible
compensation with Company common stock. The Company made matching contributions
under the Savings Plan of $0.4 million in 2003, $0.3 million in 2002 and, $0.3
million in 2001. Employees are
F-38
required to hold the employer contribution in Company common stock until vested,
at which point the employee has the option to transfer the amount to any of the
other investments available under the Savings Plan. The Savings Plan held
528,722 shares of the Company's common stock at December 31, 2003, which
represented 41% of total plan assets and 533,732 shares at December 31, 2002,
which represented 38% of total plan assets. Generally, a participating employee
is entitled to distributions from the Savings Plan upon termination of
employment, retirement, death or disability. Savings Plan participants who
qualify for distributions may receive a single lump sum, have the assets
transferred to another qualified plan or individual retirement account, or
receive a series of specified installment payments.
19. DISCLOSURES ABOUT FAIR VALUES OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS:
The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair
value of each class of financial instruments for which it is practicable to
estimate that value:
Fixed maturities available for sale: Fair value of fixed maturities is
based upon quoted market prices, where available, or on values obtained
from independent pricing services. For certain mortgage and
asset-backed securities, the determination of fair value is based
primarily upon the amount and timing of expected future cash flows of
the security. Estimates of these cash flows are based current economic
conditions, past credit loss experience and other circumstances.
Equity securities: For equity securities carried at fair value, based
on quoted market price.
Other invested assets: Mortgage loans are carried at the aggregate
unpaid balances. Other invested assets consists mainly of
collateralized loans which are carried at cost. The determination of
fair value for these invested assets is not practical because there is
no active trading market for such invested assets and therefore, the
carrying value is a reasonable estimate of fair value.
Cash and cash equivalents and policy loans: For cash and cash
equivalents and policy loans, the carrying amount is a reasonable
estimate of fair value.
Cash flow swap: The cash flow swap is carried at fair value, obtained
from a pricing service.
Investment contract liabilities: For annuity and universal life type
contracts, the carrying amount is the policyholder account value;
estimated fair value equals the policyholder account value less
surrender charges.
Loan payable and trust preferred securities: Fair value for the loan
payable and trust preferred securities is equal to the carrying amount.
The estimated fair values of the Company's financial instruments as of
December 31, 2003 and 2002 are as follows:
2003 2002
-------------------------- --------------------------
Carrying Carrying
Amount Fair Value Amount Fair Value
----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
(In thousands) (In thousands)
Financial assets:
Fixed maturities available for $ 1,141,392 $ 1,141,392 $ 934,950 $ 934,950
sale
Equity securities 1,507 1,507 1,645 1,645
Policy loans 25,502 25,502 23,745 23,745
Other invested assets 1,583 1,583 2,808 2,808
Cash and cash equivalents 116,524 116,524 36,754 36,754
Cash flow swap 196 196 - -
Financial liabilities:
Investment contract liabilities 419,685 391315 271,578 253,288
Loan payable 38,172 38,172 50,775 50,775
Trust preferred securities 75,000 75,000 15,000 15,000
F-39
20. EARNINGS PER SHARE:
The reconciliation of the numerators and the denominators for the
computation of basic and diluted EPS is as follows:
For the Year Ended December 31, 2003
------------------------------------------
Income Shares Per Share
(Numerator) (Denominator) Amount
----------- ------------- ---------
(In thousands, per share amounts in dollars)
Weighted average common stock outstanding 53,670
Less: Weighted average treasury shares (148)
-------------
Basic EPS
Net income $ 43,052 53,522 $ 0.80
=========== ============= ===========
Effect of Dilutive Securities
Stock options 4,967
Treasury stock purchased from proceeds of
exercise of options (3,459)
-------------
Diluted EPS
Net income $ 43,052 55,030 $ 0.78
=========== ============= ===========
For the Year Ended December 31, 2002
------------------------------------------
Income Shares Per Share
(Numerator) (Denominator) Amount
----------- ------------- ---------
(In thousands, per share amounts in dollars)
Weighted average common stock outstanding 53,071
Less: Weighted average treasury shares (132)
-------------
Basic EPS
Net income $ 30,127 52,939 $ 0.57
=========== ============= ===========
Effect of Dilutive Securities
Stock options 4,853
Treasury stock purchased from proceeds of
exercise of options (3,534)
-------------
Diluted EPS
Net income $ 30,127 54,258 $ 0.56
=========== ============= ===========
For the Year Ended December 31, 2001
--------------------------------------------
Income Shares Per Share
(Numerator) (Denominator) Amount
----------- ------------- -----------
(In thousands, per share amounts in dollars)
Weighted average common stock outstanding 49,591
Less: Weighted average treasury shares (66)
-------------
Basic EPS
Net income $ 28,925 49,525 $ 0.58
=========== ============= ===========
Effect of Dilutive Securities
Stock options 4,113
Treasury stock purchased from proceeds of
exercise of options (3,181)
-------------
Diluted EPS
Net income $ 28,925 50,457 $ 0.57
=========== ============= ===========
F-40
21. OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
The components of other comprehensive income, and the related tax
effects for each component, for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001
are as follows:
Before Tax Tax Expense Net of Tax
Amount (Benefit) Amount
---------- ----------- ----------
(In thousands)
For the year ended December 31, 2003
Net unrealized gain arising during
the year (net of deferred acquisition costs) $ 7,976 $ 2,791 $ 5,185
-------- -------- --------
Reclassification adjustment for gains
included in net income (2,057) (720) (1,337)
Net unrealized gains 5,919 2,071 3,848
Cash flow hedge 196 69 127
Foreign currency translation adjustment 9,090 3,178 5,912
-------- -------- --------
Other comprehensive income $ 15,205 $ 5,318 $ 9,887
======== ======== ========
Before Tax Tax Expense Net of Tax
Amount (Benefit) Amount
---------- ----------- ----------
(In thousands)
For the year ended December 31, 2002
Net unrealized gain arising during
the year (net of deferred acquisition costs) $31,605 $11,066 $20,539
Reclassification adjustment for gains
included in net income 5,083 1,779 3,304
------- ------- -------
Net unrealized gains 36,688 12,845 23,843
Foreign currency translation adjustment 679 238 441
------- ------- -------
Other comprehensive income $37,367 $13,083 $24,284
======= ======= =======
Before Tax Tax Expense Net of Tax
Amount (Benefit) Amount
---------- ----------- ----------
(In thousands)
For the year ended December 31, 2001
Net unrealized gain arising during
the year (net of deferred acquisition costs) $ 8,572 $ 3,001 $ 5,571
Reclassification adjustment for gains
included in net income (3,078) (1,078) (2,000)
Net unrealized gains 5,494 1,923 3,571
------- ------- -------
Foreign currency translation adjustment (3,996) (1,153) (2,843)
------- ------- -------
Other comprehensive income $ 1,498 $ 770 $ 728
======= ======= =======
F-41
22. BUSINESS SEGMENT INFORMATION:
The Company's principal business segments are: Career Agency, Senior
Market Brokerage and Administrative Services. The Company also reports the
activities of our holding company in a separate segment. Reclassifications have
been made to conform prior year amounts to the current year presentation. A
description of these segments follows:
CAREER AGENCY -- The Career Agency segment is comprised of the operations of
Pennsylvania Life, Penncorp Life (Canada), and, beginning March 31, 2003,
Pyramid Life. Pennsylvania Life and Pyramid Life operate in the United States,
while Penncorp Life (Canada) operates exclusively in Canada. This segment's
products include Medicare Supplement/Select, other supplemental senior health
insurance, fixed benefit accident and sickness disability insurance, life
insurance, and annuities and are distributed by career agents who are under
contract with Pennsylvania Life, Pyramid Life or Penncorp Life (Canada).
SENIOR MARKET BROKERAGE -- This segment includes the operations of American
Pioneer, American Progressive, Constitution and Union Bankers, that distribute
senior market products through non-exclusive general agency and brokerage
distribution systems. The products include Medicare Supplement/Select, long term
care, senior life insurance and annuities.
ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES -- CHCS Services, Inc. acts as a third party
administrator and service provider for both affiliated and unaffiliated
insurance companies, primarily with respect to senior market insurance products
and non-insurance products. The services provided include policy underwriting
and issuance, telephone and face-to-face verification, policyholder services,
claims adjudication, case management, care assessment and referral to health
care facilities.
CORPORATE -- This segment reflects the activities of Universal American,
including the payment of interest on our debt, certain senior executive
compensation, and the expense of being a public company.
Intersegment revenues and expenses are reported on a gross basis in
each of the operating segments but eliminated in the consolidated results. These
intersegment revenues and expenses affect the amounts reported on the individual
financial statement line items, but are eliminated in consolidation and do not
change operating income before taxes. The significant items eliminated include
intersegment revenue and expense relating to services performed by the
Administrative Services segment for the Career Agency and Senior Market
Brokerage segments and interest on notes payable by the Corporate segment to the
other operating segments.
Financial data by segment for the three years ended December 31, is as
follows:
2003 2002 2001
------------------------ ------------------------ ------------------------
(in thousands)
Income Income Income
(Loss) (Loss) (Loss)
Before Before Before
Income Income Income
Revenue Taxes Revenue Taxes Revenue Taxes
--------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
Career Agency $ 257,681 $ 46,472 $ 159,215 $ 33,470 $ 160,295 $ 28,427
Senior Market Brokerage 251,328 17,678 165,498 14,904 128,441 13,716
Administrative Services 48,531 11,018 43,218 7,632 33,153 6,625
--------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
Corporate 232 (10,746) - (6,893) 360 (8,483)
Intersegment revenues (37,081) - (31,325) - (24,384) -
--------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
Segment operating total(1) 520,691 64,422 336,606 49,113 297,865 40,285
Adjustments to segment total:
Net realized gains (losses)(1) 2,057 2,057 (5,083) (5,083) 3,078 3,078
--------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
Total $ 522,748 $ 66,479 $ 331,523 $ 44,030 $ 300,943 $ 43,363
========= ========= ========= ========= ========= =========
(1) We evaluate the results of operations of our segments based on
income before realized gains and losses and income taxes. Management
believes that realized gains and losses are not indicative of overall
operating trends. The schedule above reconciles our segment revenue to
total revenue and operating income to net income in accordance with
generally accepted accounting principles.
F-42
Identifiable assets by segment as of December 31, 2003 and 2002 are as follows:
December 31, 2003 December 31, 2002
----------------- -----------------
Career Agency $ 945,911 $ 683,720
Senior Market Brokerage 785,054 707,967
Administrative Services 19,321 19,332
----------- -----------
Corporate 475,377 375,219
Intersegment assets(1) (444,715) (384,570)
----------- -----------
Total Assets $ 1,780,948 $ 1,401,668
=========== ===========
(1) Intersegment assets includes the elimination of the parent holding
company's investment in its subsidiaries as well as the elimination of
other intercompany balances.
23. FOREIGN OPERATIONS:
A portion of the operations of the Company's Career Agency segment is
conducted in Canada through Penncorp Life (Canada). These assets and liabilities
are located in Canada where the insurance risks are written. Revenues, excluding
capital gains and losses, of the Career Agency segment by geographic area are as
follows:
For the year ended December 31,
2003 2002 2001
---------- --------- ---------
(In thousands)
Revenues
United States $ 193,621 $ 103,480 $ 103,432
Canada 64,060 55,735 56,863
--------- --------- ---------
Total $ 257,681 $ 159,215 $ 160,295
========= ========= =========
Total assets and liabilities of Penncorp Life (Canada), located
entirely in Canada, are as follows:
December 31,
2003 2002
---- ----
(In thousands)
Assets $ 236,185 $ 175,365
========== =========
Liabilities $ 175,253 $ 124,843
========== =========
24. CONDENSED QUARTERLY RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED):
The quarterly results of operations for the three years ended December
31, 2003 are presented below. Due to the use of weighted average shares
outstanding when determining the denominator for earnings per share, the sum of
the quarterly per common share amounts may not equal the per common share
amounts.
2003 Three Months Ended
- ----------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------
March 31, June 30, September 30, December 31,
--------- -------- ------------- ------------
(In thousands)
Total revenue $ 97,913 $138,109 $139,803 $146,923
Total benefits, claims and other expenses 86,262 121,464 122,106 126,438
-------- -------- -------- --------
Income before income taxes 11,651 16,645 17,697 20,485
Income tax expense 4,103 5,645 6,281 7,398
-------- -------- -------- --------
Net income $ 7,548 $ 11,000 $ 11,416 $ 13,087
======== ======== ======== ========
Basic earnings per share $ 0.14 $ 0.21 $ 0.21 $ 0.24
======== ======== ======== ========
Diluted earnings per share $ 0.14 $ 0.20 $ 0.21 $ 0.23
======== ======== ======== ========
F-43
2002 Three Months Ended
- ----------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------
March 31, June 30, September 30, December 31,
--------- -------- ------------- ------------
(In thousands)
Total revenue $82,166 $76,690 $83,956 $88,711
Total benefits, claims and other expenses 70,541 72,217 71,079 73,656
------- ------- ------- -------
Income before income taxes 11,625 4,473 12,877 15,055
Income tax expense 4,127 1,155 4,558 4,063
------- ------- ------- -------
Net income $ 7,498 $ 3,318 $ 8,319 $10,992
======= ======= ======= =======
Basic earnings per share $ 0.14 $ 0.06 $ 0.16 $ 0.21
======= ======= ======= =======
Diluted earnings per share $ 0.14 $ 0.06 $ 0.15 $ 0.20
======= ======= ======= =======
2001 Three Months Ended
- ----------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------
March 31, June 30, September 30, December 31,
--------- -------- ------------- ------------
(In thousands)
Total revenue $76,671 $74,764 $73,851 $75,657
Total benefits, claims and other expenses 65,750 65,298 63,132 63,401
------- ------- ------- -------
Income before income taxes 10,921 9,466 10,719 12,256
Income tax expense 3,885 3,392 3,797 3,364
------- ------- ------- -------
Net income $ 7,036 $ 6,074 $ 6,922 $ 8,892
======= ======= ======= =======
Basic earnings per share $ 0.15 $ 0.13 $ 0.13 $ 0.17
======= ======= ======= =======
Diluted earnings per share $ 0.15 $ 0.13 $ 0.13 $ 0.16
======= ======= ======= =======
Significant Fourth Quarter Adjustments
During the fourth quarter, the Company performs an annual evaluation of
the recoverability of its tax net operating loss carryforwards, based on a
projection of future taxable income and other factors. As a result of the
continued profitability of the Company's operating segments, valuation
allowances on certain of the Company's tax loss carryforwards were no longer
considered necessary. The tax valuation allowance released through deferred tax
expense was $1.6 million, or $0.03 per diluted share, during the fourth quarter
of 2002 and $0.7 million, or $0.01 per diluted share, during 2001. There were no
significant fourth quarter adjustments during 2003
25. SUBSEQUENT EVENT (UNAUDITED):
In March 2004, the Company signed a definitive contract to acquire
Heritage Health Systems, Inc. ("Heritage"), a privately owned managed care
company that operates Medicare Advantage plans in Houston and Beaumont Texas,
for approximately $98 million in cash. The closing of the acquisition is subject
to regulatory approvals and other customary conditions, and is expected to occur
in the second quarter of 2004. Founded in 1995, Heritage has approximately
15,700 Medicare members and has annualized revenues of approximately $132
million. As of the closing, Heritage is projected to have approximately $14
million of equity capital and no debt.
The Company intends to finance this acquisition using approximately $34
million of cash on hand, with the balance coming from the proceeds of a senior
credit facility to be arranged by Banc of America Securities, LLC. In connection
with this financing, the Company will incur a non-cash, after-tax expense of
approximately $1.1 million relating to the unamortized fees on the current
facility that will be replaced.
F-44
SCHEDULE I - SUMMARY OF INVESTMENTS OTHER THAN INVESTMENTS IN RELATED PARTIES
UNIVERSAL AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORP.
DECEMBER 31, 2003 AND 2002
December 31, 2003
-------------------------------------------------------------
Face Amortized Fair Carrying
Classification Value Cost Value Value
- ------------------------------------ ---------- ------------ ------------ -----------
(In thousands)
U.S. Treasury securities and
obligations
of U.S. Government $ 72,362 $ 74,187 $ 74,663 $ 74,663
Corporate bonds 536,221 544,744 576,648 576,648
Foreign bonds (1) 213,516 218,011 236,934 236,934
Asset and mortgage-backed securities 280,076 245,012 253,147 253,147
Equity securities 1,481 1,507 1,507
------------ ------------ -----------
Sub-total 1,083,435 $ 1,142,899 1,142,899
============
Policy loans 25,502 25,502
Other invested assets 1,583 1,583
------------ -----------
Total investments $ 1,110,520 $ 1,169,984
============ ===========
December 31, 2002
-------------------------------------------------------------
Face Amortized Fair Carrying
Classification Value Cost Value Value
- ------------------------------------ ---------- ------------ ------------ -----------
(In thousands)
U.S. Treasury securities and
obligations of U.S. Government $ 89,389 $ 90,189 $ 91,850 $ 91,850
Corporate bonds 374,294 374,087 402,743 402,743
Foreign bonds (1) 315,241 166,689 176,545 176,545
Asset and mortgage-backed securities 253,077 253,089 263,812 263,812
Equity securities 1,661 1,645 1,645
------------ ------------ -----------
Sub-total 885,715 $ 936,595 936,595
============
Policy loans 23,745 23,745
Other invested assets 2,808 2,808
------------ -----------
Total investments $ 912,268 $ 963,148
============ ===========
(1) Primarily Canadian dollar denominated bonds supporting our Canadian
insurance reserves.
F-45
SCHEDULE II - CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT
UNIVERSAL AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORP.
(PARENT COMPANY)
CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS
DECEMBER 31, 2003 AND 2002
2003 2002
-------- --------
(In thousands)
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents $ 16,239 $ 12,862
Investments in subsidiaries, at equity 384,542 297,147
Surplus note receivable from affiliate 60,000 60,000
Short term notes receivable from affiliates 3,214 816
Due from affiliates - agent balance financing 7,631 1,791
Deferred loan origination fees 1,741 1,899
Deferred tax asset 1,373 169
Other assets 637 535
-------- --------
Total assets $475,377 $375,219
======== ========
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Loan payable $ 38,172 $ 50,775
Company obligated mandatorily redeemable preferred securities of subsidiary
trust holding solely junior subordinated debentures 75,000 15,000
Note payable to affiliates 6,925 16,036
Due to subsidiary 4,430 4,653
Retiree plan termination liability 3,285 -
Accounts payable and other liabilities 1,827 1,986
-------- --------
Total liabilities 129,639 88,450
-------- --------
Total stockholders' equity 345,738 286,769
-------- --------
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $475,377 $375,219
======== ========
See notes to condensed financial statements.
F-46
Schedule II - continued
UNIVERSAL AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORP.
(PARENT COMPANY)
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
FOR THE THREE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003
2003 2002 2001
-------- -------- --------
(In thousands)
REVENUES:
Surplus note investment income $ 2,845 $ 3,285 $ 5,701
Realized losses - (1,307) -
Other income 230 857 459
-------- -------- --------
Total revenues 3,075 2,835 6,160
-------- -------- --------
EXPENSES:
Selling, general and administrative expenses 4,308 3,987 3,530
Early extinguishment of debt 1,766 - -
Interest expense - loan payable 2,245 3,033 5,152
Interest expense - subsidiary trusts 2,649 62 -
Interest expense - other affiliated 991 1,721 460
-------- -------- --------
Total expenses 11,959 8,803 9,142
-------- -------- --------
Loss before income taxes and equity in
income of subsidiaries (8,884) (5,968) (2,982)
Income tax expense (3,635) (2,085) 166
-------- -------- --------
Loss before equity in income of subsidiaries (5,249) (3,883) (3,148)
Equity in income of subsidiaries 48,301 34,010 32,073
-------- -------- --------
Net income $ 43,052 $ 30,127 $ 28,925
======== ======== ========
See notes to condensed financial statements.
F-47
Schedule II - continued
UNIVERSAL AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORP.
(PARENT COMPANY)
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
FOR THE THREE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003
2003 2002 2001
-------- -------- --------
(In thousands)
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income $ 43,052 $ 30,127 $ 28,925
Adjustments to reconcile net income to
net cash used by operating activities:
Realized losses - 1,307 -
Stock based compensation 422 200 863
Equity in income of subsidiaries (48,903) (34,010) (32,073)
Change in surplus note interest receivable - 583 -
Change in amounts due to/from subsidiaries (223) (1,815) (914)
Amortization of deferred loan origination fees 2,206 529 530
Deferred income taxes (1,177) 1,251 94
Change in other assets and liabilities 84 (1,146) 133
-------- -------- --------
Net cash used by operating activities (4,539) (2,974) (2,442)
-------- -------- --------
Cash flows from investing activities:
Proceeds from sale of fixed maturities - 1,721 -
Purchase of fixed maturities - - (3,028)
Redemption of surplus note due from affiliate - 10,000 -
Capital contribution to insurance subsidiaries (35,500) (14,209) (11,362)
Capital contribution to administrative service subsidiary (1,000) - -
Purchase of additional common stock of Penncorp Life (Canada) - (18,121) -
Purchase of business, net of cash acquired - - (650)
Loans to subsidiaries (3,500) - (2,100)
Repayments of loans to subsidiaries 1,102 1,034 249
Purchase of agent balances from subsidiaries, net of collections (5,840) 507 (2,298)
Other investing activities (1,966) (464) -
-------- -------- --------
Net cash used by investing activities (46,704) (19,532) (19,189)
-------- -------- --------
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net proceeds from issuance of common stock 4,086 1,042 26,242
Purchase of treasury stock (1,113) (1,271) (764)
Repayment of stock loans 653
Issuance of debt to subsidiary - 18,511 -
Repayments of debt to subsidiaries (9,111) (4,875) (5,500)
Issuance of trust preferred securities 60,000 15,000 -
Issuance of new debt 65,000 - -
Early extinguishment of debt (68,950)
Principal repayment on debt (8,653) (10,700) (8,175)
Dividends received from subsidiaries 16,568 15,001 9,276
Other financing activities (3,860) - -
-------- -------- --------
Net cash provided from financing activities 54,620 32,708 21,079
-------- -------- --------
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 3,377 10,202 (552)
Cash and cash equivalents:
At beginning of year 12,862 2,660 3,212
-------- -------- --------
At end of year $ 16,239 $ 12,862 $ 2,660
======== ======== ========
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid (received) during the year for:
Interest $ 5,863 $ 2,574 $ 5,195
======== ======== ========
Income taxes $ (100) $ 15 $ 209
======== ======== ========
See notes to condensed financial statements
F-48
UNIVERSAL AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORP.
(PARENT COMPANY)
NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION:
In the parent-company-only financial statements, the parent company's
investment in subsidiaries is stated at cost plus equity in undistributed
earnings of subsidiaries since date of acquisition. The parent company's share
of net income of its wholly owned unconsolidated subsidiaries is included in its
net income using the equity method. Parent-company-only financial statements
should be read in conjunction with the Company's consolidated financial
statements. Certain reclassifications hae been made to prior years' financial
statements to conform to current period presentation.
2. EARLY EXTINGUISHMENT OF DEBT:
On March 31, 2003, the company repaid the balance of its existing
credit facility from the proceeds of the new loan obtained in connection with
the acquisition of Pyramid Life Insurance Company. The early extinguishment of
debt resulted in the immediate amortization of the related capitalized loan
origination fees, resulting in a pre-tax expense of approximately $1.8 million.
3. RETIREE PLAN TERMINATION LIABILITY:
Certain of the companies acquired in July 1999 had post-retirement
benefit plans in place prior to their acquisition and Universal American
maintained the liability for the expected cost of such plans. In October 2000,
participants were notified of the termination of the plans in accordance with
their terms. The liability will be reduced as, and to the extent, it becomes
certain that we will incur no liabilities for the plans as a result of the
termination. During the fourth quarter of 2003, $0.4 million of the liability
was released. The future projected releases of the liability will be $0.6
million in 2004, $1.9 million in 2005, $0.7 million in 2006, and $0.1 million in
2007.
F-49
SCHEDULE III - SUPPLEMENTAL INSURANCE INFORMATION
UNIVERSAL AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORP.
(In thousands)
Deferred Reserves for Policy and Net Net Net Other
Acquisition Future Policy Unearned Contract Premium Investment Policyholder Change Operating
2003 Costs Benefits Premiums Claims Earned Income Benefits in DAC Expense
----------- ------------- -------- ---------- --------- ---------- ------------ -------- ---------
Career Agency $ 69,250 $ 622,753 $ - $ 35,317 $ 219,928 $ 37,244 $ 143,583 $(26,493) $ 91,784
Senior Market Brokerage 74,461 519,398 - 73,587 27,040 23,873 177,951 (24,611) 79,992
Administrative Services - - - - - 48 - - 37,143
----------- ------------- -------- ---------- --------- ---------- ------------ -------- ---------
Subtotal 143,711 1,142,151 - 108,904 46,968 61,165 321,534 (51,104) 208,919
Corporate - - - - - 230 - - 11,959
Intersegment - - - - - (320) - - (38,062)
----------- ------------- -------- ---------- --------- ---------- ------------ -------- ---------
Segment Total $143,711 $ 1,142,151 $ - $ 108,904 $ 446,968 $ 61,075 $ 321,534 $(51,104) $ 182,816
=========== ============= ======== ========== ========= ========== ============ ======== =========
2002
Career Agency $ 42,527 $ 431,857 $ - $ 20,426 $ 125,350 $ 33,537 $ 78,429 $(15,308) $ 62,624
Senior Market Brokerage 49,566 466,895 - 74,508 141,227 23,946 113,940 (12,542) 49,101
Administrative Services - - - - - 470 - - 34,072
----------- ------------- -------- ---------- --------- ---------- ------------ -------- ---------
Subtotal 92,093 898,752 - 94,934 266,577 57,953 192,369 (27,850) 145,797
Corporate - - - - - 229 - - 8,803
Intersegment - - - - - (466) - - (33,268)
----------- ------------- -------- ---------- --------- ---------- ------------ -------- ---------
Segment Total $ 92,093 $ 898,752 $ - $ 94,934 $ 266,577 $ 57,716 $ 192,369 $(27,850) $ 121,332
=========== ============= ======== ========== ========= ========== ============ ======== =========
2001
Career Agency $ 27,043 $ 387,860 $ - $ 22,013 $ 126,144 $ 32,768 $ 85,928 $(12,178) $ 58,111
Senior Market Brokerage 38,982 440,335 - 63,865 103,062 25,174 89,363 (7,008) 31,979
Administrative Services - - - - - 322 - - 24,322
----------- ------------- -------- ---------- --------- ---------- ------------ -------- ---------
Subtotal 66,025 828,195 - 85,878 229,206 58,264 175,291 (19,186) 114,412
Corporate - - - - - 331 - - 8,814
Intersegment - - - - - (783) - - (24,388)
----------- ------------- -------- ---------- --------- ---------- ------------ -------- ---------
Segment Total $ 66,025 $ 828,195 $ - $ 85,878 $ 229,206 $ 57,812 $ 175,291 $(19,186) $ 98,838
=========== ============= ======== ========== ========= ========== ============ ======== =========
See accompanying independent auditor's report
F-50