UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark one) | ||
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) | ||
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | ||
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2004 | ||
OR | ||
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) | ||
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | ||
For the transition period from to |
Commission file number 001-32147
Greenhill & Co., Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware | 51-0500737 |
(State of Incorporation) | (I.R.S. Employer |
Identification No.) | |
300 Park Avenue, 23rd Floor | 10022 |
New York, New York | (Zip Code) |
(Address of principal executive offices) |
Registrants telephone number (212) 389-1500
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes X No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes__ No X
As of August 10, 2004, there were 30,750,000 shares of the registrants common stock outstanding.
TABLE OF CONTENTS | |||||
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ITEM NO. | PAGE | ||||
Part I. Financial Information | |||||
1 | Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) | ||||
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as of December 31, 2003 | |||||
and June 30, 2004 | 4 | ||||
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and six months ended | |||||
June 30, 2003 and 2004 | 5 | ||||
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Changes in Members Equity and | |||||
Stockholders Equity for the six months ended June 30, 2004 | 6 | ||||
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended | |||||
June 30, 2003 and 2004 | 7 | ||||
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 8 | ||||
2 | Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and | ||||
Results of Operations | 19 | ||||
3 | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 26 | |||
4 | Controls and Procedures | 26 | |||
Part II. Other Information | |||||
1 | Legal Proceedings | 26 | |||
2 | Changes in Securities, Use of Proceeds and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities | 26 | |||
3 | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 27 | |||
4 | Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders | 27 | |||
5 | Other Information | 27 | |||
6 | Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-K | 27 | |||
Signatures |
2
AVAILABLE INFORMATION
Greenhill & Co., Inc. (Company) files current, annual and quarterly reports, proxy statements and other information required by the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). You may read and copy any document the Company files at the SECs public reference room located at 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20549, U.S.A. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the public reference room. The Companys SEC filings are also available to the public from the SECs internet site at http://www.sec.gov. Copies of these reports, proxy statements and other information can also be inspected at the offices of the New York Stock Exchange, Inc., 20 Broad Street, New York, New York 10005, U.S.A.
The Companys public internet site is http://www.greenhill-co.com. The Company will make available free of charge through its internet site, via a link to the SECs internet site at http://www.sec.gov, its annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, proxy statements and Forms 3, 4 and 5 filed on behalf of directors and executive officers and any amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as soon as reasonably practicable after the Company electronically files such material with, or furnishes it to, the SEC.
In addition, the Company will make available through http://www.greenhill-co.com its most recent annual report on Form 10-K, its quarterly reports on Form 10-Q for the current fiscal year and its most recent proxy statement, although in some cases these documents are not available on that site as soon as they are available on the SECs internet site. Also posted on the Companys website, and available in print upon request of any stockholder to the Investor Relations Department, are charters for the Companys Audit Committee, Compensation Committee and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. Copies of the Corporate Governance Guidelines and the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics governing our directors, officers and employees are also posted on the Companys website within the "Corporate Governance" section. You will need to have Adobe Acrobat Reader software installed on your computer to view these documents, which are in the PDF format.
3
Part I. Financial Information
Item 1. Financial Statements
Greenhill & Co., Inc. and Subsidiaries
(formerly
Greenhill & Co.
Holdings, LLC and Subsidiaries)
Condensed
Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition (unaudited)
As of | As of | ||||
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December 31, | June 30, | ||||
2003 | 2004 | ||||
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Assets | |||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 26,598,643 | $ | 85,603,402 | |
Financial advisory fees receivable | 16,397,989 | 18,824,226 | |||
Other receivables | 559,673 | 1,340,482 | |||
Taxes receivable | 438,483 | 3,133 | |||
Property and equipment (net of accumulated depreciation | |||||
and amortization of $21,854,686 at December 31, 2003 | |||||
and $23,358,854 at June 30, 2004) | 8,243,141 | 10,677,602 | |||
Investments | 6,542,925 | 14,492,489 | |||
Due from affiliates | 325,771 | 3,512 | |||
Other assets | 1,531,373 | 937,520 | |||
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Total assets | $ | 60,637,998 | $ | 131,882,366 | |
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Liabilities and Members Equity | |||||
Compensation payable | $ | 11,898,637 | $ | 9,757,268 | |
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | 3,169,294 | 3,193,149 | |||
Taxes payable | 1,640,368 | 8,037,978 | |||
Due to affiliates | | 1,445,044 | |||
Revolving bank loan | 1,500,000 | | |||
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Total liabilities | 18,208,299 | 22,433,439 | |||
Minority interest in net assets of subsidiary | 10,172,447 | | |||
Members equity | 32,257,252 | | |||
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share, 100,000,000 shares | |||||
authorized, 0 and 30,750,000 shares issued and outstanding as | |||||
of December 31, 2003 and June 30, 2004, respectively | | 307,500 | |||
Restricted stock units | | 770,433 | |||
Additional paid-in capital | | 107,054,678 | |||
Retained earnings | | 776,302 | |||
Accumulated other comprehensive income | | 540,014 | |||
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Stockholders equity | | 109,448,927 | |||
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Total liabilities, minority interest, members equity and | |||||
stockholders equity | $ | 60,637,998 | $ | 131,882,366 | |
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See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
4
Greenhill & Co., Inc. and Subsidiaries
(formerly
Greenhill & Co. Holdings, LLC and Subsidiaries)
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited)
For the Three Months Ended | For the Six Months Ended | ||||||||||
June 30, | June 30, | ||||||||||
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2003 | 2004 | 2003 | 2004 | ||||||||
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Revenues | |||||||||||
Financial advisory fees | $ | 36,391,860 | $ | 27,801,947 | $ | 51,962,502 | $ | 53,339,242 | |||
Merchant banking revenue | 1,218,929 | 6,878,759 | 2,410,788 | 10,886,486 | |||||||
Interest income | 224,837 | 172,438 | 251,357 | 192,941 | |||||||
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Total Revenues | 37,835,626 | 34,853,144 | 54,624,647 | 64,418,669 | |||||||
Expenses | |||||||||||
Employee compensation and benefits | 6,310,369 | 13,519,168 | 10,987,616 | 22,755,368 | |||||||
Occupancy and equipment rental | 1,017,778 | 1,477,520 | 2,081,576 | 2,831,872 | |||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 817,010 | 759,488 | 1,627,773 | 1,531,550 | |||||||
Information services | 689,769 | 664,738 | 1,302,927 | 1,425,301 | |||||||
Professional fees | 480,074 | 563,271 | 684,352 | 847,779 | |||||||
Travel related expenses | 810,259 | 802,969 | 1,531,736 | 1,696,168 | |||||||
Other operating expenses | 765,507 | 1,538,349 | 1,518,915 | 2,443,918 | |||||||
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Total Expenses | 10,890,766 | 19,325,503 | 19,734,895 | 33,531,956 | |||||||
Income before Tax and Minority Interest | 26,944,860 | 15,527,641 | 34,889,752 | 30,886,713 | |||||||
Minority interest in net income of subsidiary | 8,514,231 | 2,092,353 | 10,645,603 | 6,487,050 | |||||||
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Income before Tax | 18,430,629 | 13,435,288 | 24,244,149 | 24,399,663 | |||||||
Provision for taxes | 1,054,552 | 5,626,649 | 1,270,401 | 6,110,951 | |||||||
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Net Income | $ | 17,376,077 | $ | 7,808,639 | $ | 22,973,748 | $ | 18,288,712 | |||
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Average common shares outstanding: | |||||||||||
Basic | n/a | 28,494,540 | n/a | 26,758,276 | |||||||
Diluted | n/a | 28,537,025 | n/a | 26,800,762 | |||||||
Earnings per share | |||||||||||
Basic | n/a | $ | 0.27 | n/a | $ | 0.68 | |||||
Diluted | n/a | $ | 0.27 | n/a | $ | 0.68 | |||||
Pro forma average shares outstanding (see | |||||||||||
Note 11): | |||||||||||
Basic | 25,000,000 | 28,494,540 | 25,000,000 | 26,758,276 | |||||||
Diluted | 25,000,000 | 28,537,025 | 25,000,000 | 26,800,762 | |||||||
Pro forma earnings per share (see Note 11): | |||||||||||
Basic | $ | 0.38 | $ | 0.27 | $ | 0.49 | $ | 0.53 | |||
Diluted | $ | 0.38 | $ | 0.27 | $ | 0.49 | $ | 0.53 |
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
5
Greenhill & Co., Inc. and Subsidiaries
(formerly
Greenhill & Co. Holdings, LLC and Subsidiaries)
Condensed
Consolidated Statements of Changes in
Members Equity and Stockholders Equity
(Unaudited)
For the Six | |||||
Months Ended | |||||
June 30, | |||||
2004 | |||||
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Members equity, January 1, 2004 | $ | 32,257,252 | |||
Contributed capital | 27,500 | ||||
Comprehensive income: | |||||
Net income prior to the Reorganization | $ | 13,430,671 | |||
Other comprehensive income: | |||||
Foreign currency translation adjustment | (225,490 | ) | |||
Comprehensive income | 13,205,181 | ||||
Distributions | (31,223,511 | ) | |||
Exchange of members interests for shares of common stock | (17,784,148 | ) | |||
Transfer to other comprehensive income | (564,013 | ) | |||
Transfer to retained earnings | 4,081,739 | ||||
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Members equity, June 30, 2004 | - | ||||
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Common stock, par value $0.01 | |||||
Common stock, January 1, 2004 | - | ||||
Exchange of partnership interests for shares of common stock | 250,000 | ||||
Common stock issued in initial public offering | 57,500 | ||||
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Common stock, June 30, 2004 | 307,500 | ||||
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Restricted stock units | |||||
Restricted stock units, January 1, 2004 | - | ||||
Restricted stock units recognized | 770,433 | ||||
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Restricted stock units, June 30, 2004 | 770,433 | ||||
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Additional paid-in capital | |||||
Additional paid-in capital, January 1, 2004 | - | ||||
Exchange of partnership interests for shares of common stock | 17,534,148 | ||||
Initial public offering of common stock | 89,520,530 | ||||
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Additional paid-in capital, June 30, 2004 | 107,054,678 | ||||
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Retained earnings | |||||
Retained earnings, January 1, 2004 | - | ||||
Transfer from members equity | (4,081,739 | ) | |||
Net income subsequent to the Reorganization | 4,858,041 | ||||
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Retained earnings, June 30, 2004 | 776,302 | ||||
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Other comprehensive income | |||||
Other comprehensive income, January 1, 2004 | - | ||||
Transfer from members equity | 564,013 | ||||
Currency translation adjustment | (23,999 | ) | |||
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Other comprehensive income, June 30, 2004 | 540,014 | ||||
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Total members equity and stockholders equity | $ | 109,448,927 | |||
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See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
6
Greenhill & Co., Inc. and Subsidiaries
(formerly
Greenhill & Co.
Holdings, LLC and Subsidiaries)
Condensed
Consolidated Statements Cash Flows (Unaudited)
For the Six Months
Ended June 30, |
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2003 | 2004 | ||||||
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Operating activities: | |||||||
Net income | $ | 22,973,748 | $ | 18,288,712 | |||
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash | |||||||
provided by operating activities: | |||||||
Non-cash items included in net income: | |||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 1,627,773 | 1,531,550 | |||||
Unrealized (gains) losses on investments | | (8,631,346 | ) | ||||
Restricted stock units recognized | 770,433 | ||||||
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | |||||||
Financial advisory fees receivable | 18,012,806 | (2,426,237 | ) | ||||
Due from affiliates | (223,199 | ) | 322,259 | ||||
Taxes receivable | 1,949,276 | 435,350 | |||||
Other receivables | 1,191,234 | (780,809 | ) | ||||
Other assets | 2,291 | 567,187 | |||||
Compensation payable | (4,389,225 | ) | (2,141,369 | ) | |||
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | (1,264,135 | ) | 23,855 | ||||
Minority interest in net assets of subsidiary | (6,575,078 | ) | (10,172,447 | ) | |||
Due to affiliates | | 1,445,044 | |||||
Taxes payable | (994,151 | ) | 6,397,610 | ||||
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Net cash provided by operating activities | 32,311,340 | 5,629,792 | |||||
Investing activities: | |||||||
Purchase of investment | (31,772 | ) | (2,253,127 | ) | |||
Distribution from investments | | 2,934,909 | |||||
Purchases of property and equipment | (620,764 | ) | (3,938,630 | ) | |||
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Net cash used in investing activities | (652,536 | ) | (3,256,848 | ) | |||
Financing activities: | |||||||
Proceeds of revolving bank debt | | 14,500,000 | |||||
Repayment of revolving bank debt | | (16,000,000 | ) | ||||
Capital contributions from members | | 27,500 | |||||
Distributions to members | (42,309,209 | ) | (31,223,511 | ) | |||
Proceeds from the issuance of common stock | | 89,578,030 | |||||
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Cash provided by (used in) financing activities | (42,309,209 | ) | 56,882,019 | ||||
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Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | 407,793 | (250,204 | ) | ||||
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Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | (10,242,612 | ) | 59,004,759 | ||||
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | 17,939,073 | 26,598,643 | |||||
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Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | $ | 7,696,461 | $ | 85,603,402 | |||
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Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: | |||||||
Cash paid for interest | $ | | $ | 172,422 | |||
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Cash paid (received) for taxes, net of refunds | $ | 177,942 | $ | 2,066 | |||
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See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
7
Greenhill & Co., Inc. and Subsidiaries
(formerly
Greenhill & Co. Holdings, LLC and Subsidiaries)
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Note 1 - Organization
Effective May 11, 2004 (the Reorganization Date), Greenhill & Co. Holdings, LLC (Holdings), a New York limited liability company, merged with Greenhill & Co., Inc., a Delaware corporation (the merger and the other related transactions effected by Holdings and its affiliates in anticipation of the initial public offering are referred to collectively as the "Reorganization). The surviving corporation in the merger, Greenhill & Co., Inc., completed its initial public offering on the same day. In the offering, Greenhill & Co., Inc, issued 5,750,000 shares of common stock and received estimated net proceeds of approximately $90 million. The Reorganization is described in greater detail in the Companys Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Commission file number 333-113526) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Greenhill & Co., Inc. (formerly Holdings), together with its subsidiaries (collectively, the Company), is an independent investment banking firm. The Company has clients located throughout the world, with offices located in New York, London and Frankfurt.
The Companys activities as an investment banking firm constitute a single business segment, with two principal sources of revenue:
The Companys U.S. and international wholly-owned subsidiaries include Greenhill & Co., LLC (G&Co), Greenhill Capital Partners, LLC (GCP, LLC) (formerly Greenhill Fund Management Co., LLC), Greenhill Aviation Co., LLC (GAC) and Greenhill & Co. Europe Limited (GCE).
G&Co is a registered broker-dealer under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and is registered with the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. G&Co is engaged in the investment banking business principally in North America.
GCE is a U.K. based holding company. GCE controls Greenhill & Co. International LLP (GCI), through its controlling membership interest. GCI is engaged in investment banking activities, principally in Europe, and is subject to regulation by the U.K. Financial Services Authority (FSA). In addition, GCE has a wholly-owned subsidiary, Greenhill & Co. GmbH (GmbH), which operates in Germany and provides corporate advisory services to both G&Co and GCI.
GCP, LLC is a registered investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. GCP, LLC provides investment advisory services to GCP, a private equity fund that invests in a diversified portfolio of private equity and equity related investments. The majority of the investors in GCP are third parties. However, Managing Directors and employees of the Company have also made investments in GCP.
GAC owns and operates an aircraft, which is used for the exclusive benefit of the Companys employees and their immediate family members.
Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Financial Information
These condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, which require management to make estimates and assumptions regarding investment valuations, compensation accruals and other matters that affect the consolidated financial statements and related footnote disclosures. Management believes that the estimates used in preparing its consolidated financial statements are reasonable and prudent. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.
8
Greenhill & Co., Inc. and Subsidiaries
(formerly
Greenhill & Co. Holdings, LLC and Subsidiaries)
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
The condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company include all consolidated accounts of Greenhill & Co., Inc. (formerly Holdings) and all other entities in which the Company has a controlling interest, including GCI, after eliminations of all significant inter-company accounts and transactions. The Company adopted the revised Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Interpretation No. 46 (FIN 46-R), Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities, in the first quarter of 2004. FIN 46-R defines variable interests and specifies the circumstances under which the consolidation of entities will be required. The adoption of FIN 46-R did not have a material impact on the Company financial position or results of operations. The adoption requires the Company to consolidate GCP Managing Partner, L.P., the managing general partner of GCP. GCP Managing Partner, L.P. is responsible for managing GCPs investments, subject to the approval of GCP, L.P., the other general partner of GCP, with respect to the sale or other disposition of GCP investments made prior to December 31, 2003. The Company does not consolidate GCP since the Company, through its general partner and limited partner interests, does not have a majority of the economic interest in GCP. Also, GCP Managing Partner, L.P. is subject to removal by a simple majority of unaffiliated third-party investors of GCP.
These condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited and should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2003 included in the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Commission file number 333-113526) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The condensed consolidated financial information as of December 31, 2003 has been derived from audited consolidated financial statements not included herein. Certain reclassifications have been made to previously reported amounts to conform to the current presentation. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results for the entire year.
Minority Interest
The interests in GCI held directly by the U.K. Managing Directors, prior to the Reorganization, were represented as minority interests in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
Revenue Recognition
Financial Advisory Fees
The Company recognizes advisory fee revenue when the services related to the underlying transactions are completed in accordance with the terms of its engagement letters. Retainer fees are recognized as advisory fee income over the period in which the related service is rendered.
The Companys clients reimburse certain expenses incurred by the Company in the conduct of financial advisory engagements. Expenses are reported net of such client reimbursements. Client reimbursements totaled $0.6 million and $0.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2003 and 2004, respectively, and $1.1 million and $1.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2003 and 2004, respectively.
Merchant Banking Revenues
Merchant banking revenue consists of (i) management fees on the Companys merchant banking activities, (ii) gains (or losses) on investments in the Companys investment in merchant banking funds and other principal investment activities, and (iii) merchant banking profit overrides.
Management fees earned from the Companys merchant banking activities are recognized over the period of related service.
The Company recognizes revenue on investments in its merchant banking funds based on its allocable share of realized and unrealized gains (or losses) reported by such investment.
The Company recognizes merchant banking overrides when certain financial returns are achieved over the life of the fund. Overrides are calculated as a percentage of the profits earned by each fund. Future
9
Greenhill & Co., Inc. and Subsidiaries
(formerly
Greenhill & Co. Holdings, LLC and Subsidiaries)
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
losses (if any) in the value of the funds investments may require amounts previously recognized as overrides to be adjusted downwards. Accordingly, merchant banking overrides are recognized as revenue only after material contingencies have been resolved. See Note 3 Investments for further discussion of the GCP revenues recognized.
Investments
The Companys investments in merchant banking funds are recorded at estimated fair value based upon the Companys proportionate share of the changes in the fair value of the underlying merchant banking funds net assets. Investments primarily include investments in GCP.
Members and Stockholders Equity
The Senior Executive Profit Sharing Agreement (SEPA) dated as of January 1, 2002, as amended as of January 1, 2004, specified the manner of allocation of global operating income and provided for distributions to the Members (including LLP interests owned by the U.K. Managing Directors represented as minority interests). The governance of the Company was set forth in the Operating Agreement of Greenhill & Co. Holdings, LLC dated as of January 1, 2002. Both the SEPA and the Operating Agreement terminated on the Reorganization Date.
Through the SEPA and other operating agreements, the U.S. and U.K. members operated under common governance and economic participation. However, these condensed consolidated financial statements present the entitys legal form, and as such, the interests held by the U.K. Members directly in GCI are recorded as minority interest for the periods prior to the Reorganization.
Distributions related to the global operating income earned prior to the Reorganization were principally made on or before the Reorganization Date. See Note 6 Stockholders and Members Equity for further discussion of the distributions to members.
In accordance with the fair value method prescribed by SFAS No. 123, "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation", the restricted stock units with future service requirements are recorded as compensation expense generally over a five-year service period following the date of grant. As the Company expenses the awards, the restricted stock units recognized are recorded within stockholders equity.
Earnings per Share
The Company calculates earnings per share (EPS) in accordance with SFAS No. 128, "Earnings per Share." Basic EPS is calculated by dividing net earnings by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Common shares outstanding gives effect to (i) the 25,000,000 shares issued in connection with the Reorganization as if such issuance had occurred on January 1, 2004, (ii) the 5,750,000 shares issued in conjunction with the initial public offering and (iii) the restricted stock units for which no future service is required as a condition to the delivery of the underlying common stock. Diluted EPS includes the determinants of basic EPS plus the dilutive effect of the common stock deliverable pursuant to restricted stock units for which future service is required as a condition to the delivery of the underlying common stock.
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is computed principally by an accelerated method over the life of the assets, which range from three to seven years. Amortization of leasehold improvements is computed by the straight-line method over the lesser of the life of the asset or the term of the lease.
10
Greenhill & Co., Inc. and Subsidiaries
(formerly
Greenhill & Co. Holdings, LLC and Subsidiaries)
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Provision for Taxes
After the Reorganization, the Company accounts for taxes in accordance with SFAS No. 109, "Accounting for Income Taxes", which requires the recognition of tax benefits or expenses on the temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of its assets and liabilities. The Companys deferred tax assets and liabilities are presented as a component of "Other Assets" and "Taxes Payable", respectively, on the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition.
Prior to the Reorganization, the Company was primarily subject to local unincorporated business tax on business conducted in New York City, and income tax on current income realized by certain foreign subsidiaries. After the Reorganization, the Company is subject to U.S. federal, foreign, state and local taxes as a C corporation at the applicable tax rates.
Foreign Currency Translation
Foreign currency assets and liabilities have been translated at rates of exchange prevailing at the end of the periods presented. Income and expenses transacted in foreign currency have been translated at average monthly exchange rates during the period. Translation gains and losses are included in the foreign currency translation adjustment included as a component of other comprehensive income in the condensed consolidated statement of changes in members equity.
Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity date of three months or less, when purchased, to be cash equivalents. The Company maintains cash and cash equivalents on deposit with various financial institutions to limit the amount of credit exposure to any one financial institution or lender. At December 31, 2003 and June 30, 2004, the carrying value of the Companys financial instruments approximated fair value.
Note 3 Investments
GCP
The Company records its investments in GCP at estimated fair value as determined by GCP. Investments are initially carried at cost as an approximation of fair value. The carrying value of such investments is adjusted when changes in the underlying fair values are readily determinable. Public investments are valued using quoted market prices discounted for any restrictions on sale. Privately held investments are carried at estimated fair value as determined by the general partner after giving consideration to the cost of the security, the pricing of other private placements of the portfolio company, the price of securities of other companies comparable to the portfolio company, purchase multiples paid in other comparable third-party transactions, the original purchase price multiple, market conditions, liquidity, operating results and other financial data.
With respect to all investments made by GCP after January 1, 2004, the profit overrides earned by GCP Managing Partner, L.P., for such GCP investments, will be consolidated by the Company, and 50% of such overrides will be allocated as compensation expense to the individual employees of the Company involved in managing GCP. The employees of the Company, through their direct interest in GCP, L.P., have the right to receive substantially all of the profit overrides for GCP investments made prior to 2004. See Note 2 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for the consolidation policy of GCP Managing Partner, LP.
11
Greenhill & Co., Inc. and Subsidiaries
(formerly
Greenhill & Co. Holdings, LLC and Subsidiaries)
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Summarized financial information for the combined GCP funds, in their entirety, are as follows:
As of | |||||
|
|||||
December 31, 2003 | June 30, 2004 | ||||
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|||
(in thousands) | |||||
Portfolio Investments | $ | 189,371 | $ | 359,994 | |
Total Assets | 221,653 | 373,887 | |||
Total Liabilities | 88 | 238 | |||
Partners Capital | 221,565 | 373,649 |
Three Months | Six Months | |||||||||||||
Ended June 30, | Ended June 30, | |||||||||||||
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2003 | 2004 | 2003 | 2004 | |||||||||||
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(in thousands) | ||||||||||||||
Revenues | ||||||||||||||
Net unrealized gain (loss) on investments | $ | (5,956 | ) | $ | 131,027 | $ | (7,247 | ) | $ | 211,159 | ||||
Net realized gain (loss) on investments | (2,023 | ) | (311 | ) | (2,006 | ) | 3,332 | |||||||
Investment income | 480 | 3,051 | 560 | 4,390 | ||||||||||
Expenses | 1,395 | 1,133 | 2,578 | 2,032 | ||||||||||
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Net income (loss) | (8,894 | ) | 132,634 | (11,271 | ) | 216,849 | ||||||||
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The Companys Merchant Banking Revenue, by source, are as follows:
Three Months Ended June 30, |
Six Months Ended June 30, |
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2003 | 2004 | 2003 | 2004 | ||||||||
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(in thousands) | |||||||||||
Management fees | $ | 1,219 | $ | 1,128 | $ | 2,411 | $ | 2,255 | |||
Net realized and unrealized gains on | |||||||||||
investments in GCP | | 3,637 | | 6,517 | |||||||
Merchant banking overrides | | 2,000 | | 2,000 | |||||||
Other investment income | | 114 | | 114 | |||||||
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Merchant banking revenue | $ | 1,219 | $ | 6,879 | $ | 2,411 | $ | 10,886 | |||
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The Companys investments in limited partner interests in GCP had a carrying value of $5.9 million and $12.2 million at December 31, 2003 and June 30, 2004, respectively.
The Company has an investment in GCP, L.P. (GP), one of the general partners of GCP, with carrying values of $0.1 million and $2.2 million (including overrides) at December 31, 2003 and June 30, 2004, respectively. This investment represents approximately a 5% equity interest in the GP. The remaining 95% equity interest in the GP is owned directly by individual employees of the Company.
GCP LLC was granted warrants, with a carrying value of $0.1 million at June 30, 2004, as a transaction fee from a GCP portfolio company.
In February 2004, the Company purchased for $2.3 million additional limited partner interests in GCP from an outside investor. As part of this investment, the Company assumed an outstanding commitment to GCP of $1.4 million. In addition, on January 1, 2004, the Company assumed outstanding funding commitments to GCP of $15.0 million from certain Managing Directors of the Company.
12
Greenhill & Co., Inc. and Subsidiaries
(formerly
Greenhill & Co. Holdings, LLC and Subsidiaries)
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
At June 30, 2004, the Company had commitments to invest up to $20.3 million in GCP. On July 1, 2004, the Company funded $6.8 million of its commitment as part of a capital call made by GCP to fund several pending investments. The remaining commitments will be funded as required through June 2005, the end of GCPs investment period, unless the investment period is extended by the managing general partner for up to a two year period in accordance with the partnership agreement.
Barrow Street
In April 2004, the Company sold its interest in Barrow Street Capital LLC (Barrow Street) , a real estate investment management company (see Note 4), to the controlling parties of Barrow Street for the carrying value of $0.4 million. Prior to April 2004, the Company had a 50% member interest in Barrow Street. Barrow Street was formed to act as the managing member, investment advisor and general partner in various real estate ventures. The Company did not have control of Barrow Street, as the Company did not have a majority voting or economic interest. The Company had veto rights over most significant management and investment decisions with respect to Barrow Street, although the Company could not force a management change. The investment in Barrow Street had a carrying value of $0.6 million at December 31, 2003. In March 2004, the Company received a distribution of $0.2 million from Barrow Street.
Note 4 Related Parties
At December 31, 2003, the Company had a receivable of $0.1 million due from GCP relating to expense reimbursements, which is included in due from affiliates. There were no receivables due from GCP at June 30, 2004.
Barrow Street subleases office space from the Company, and reimburses the Company for the use of other facilities and participation in the Companys health care plans. A firm owned by an executive of the Company also subleases airplane and office space from the Company.
Included in compensation and benefits for the three and six months ended June 30, 2004, is $0.1 million in expense related to the vesting of restricted stock units granted to the controlling parties of Barrow Street as part of the Companys initial public offering.
Due to affiliates at June 30, 2004 represents undistributed earnings to the U.K. members of GCI from the period prior to the Reorganization. The balance due to the U.K. members at the Reorganization Date of $1.4 million was recorded in minority interest as a distribution.
Note 5 Revolving Bank Loan Facility
On December 31, 2003, the Company obtained from a U.S. commercial bank an unsecured $16,000,000 revolving loan facility to provide for working capital needs, facilitate the funding of short-term investments and other general corporate purposes. Interest on borrowings is based on LIBOR plus 2.50 percent or, at the Companys option, the prime rate. Generally, interest is payable monthly. The revolving bank loan facility matures on June 30, 2005. In addition, at least annually, the Company must repay all loans borrowed under the facility, and it may not borrow again under the facility for a 30-day period following repayment.
At December 31, 2003, there were borrowings of $1.5 million against the facility outstanding, maturing within one year. During the first quarter of 2004, an additional $14.5 million in borrowings were drawn against the facility. In May 2004, the $16.0 million of borrowings against the facility were repaid with a portion of the proceeds from the Companys initial public offering, and there were no borrowings outstanding at June 30, 2004. A loan fee for the revolving bank loan facility of $53,333 is included in other assets. The loan fee is amortized ratably over the life of the facility.
13
Greenhill & Co., Inc. and Subsidiaries
(formerly
Greenhill & Co. Holdings, LLC and Subsidiaries)
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Note 6 Members and Stockholders Equity
In July 2004, the Board of Directors of the Company declared a quarterly dividend of $0.08 per share. The dividend will be payable on September 14, 2004 to the common stockholders of record on August 19, 2004.
Prior to the Reorganization Date, the members of Holdings were not employees of the Company. Holdings, prior to the Reorganization Date, distributed current profits, net of amounts retained for working capital, investments and other corporate purposes, to its members on a regular basis.
On or before the Reorganization Date, the Company made cash distributions to its members related to the global operating income earned prior to the Reorganization. Upon the Reorganization, amounts paid to the former members of Holdings and the U.K. Managing Directors are recorded as compensation expense.
Other comprehensive income for the six months ended June 30, 2003, includes a currency translation adjustment of $0.4 million.
Note 7 Earnings Per Share
The computations of basic and diluted EPS are set forth below:
Three Months | Six Months | ||||
Ended | Ended | ||||
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||
June 30, 2004 | |||||
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(in thousands, | |||||
except per share amounts) | |||||
Numerator for basic and diluted EPS | |||||
Earnings available to common stockholders | $ | 7,809 | $ | 18,289 | |
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Denominator for basic EPS weighted | |||||
Average number of common shares | 28,495 | 26,758 | |||
Effect of dilutive securities | |||||
Restricted stock units | 42 | 42 | |||
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Denominator for diluted EPS weighted | |||||
average number of common shares and | |||||
dilutive potential common shares | $ | 28,537 | $ | 26,800 | |
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Earnings per share: | |||||
Basic | $ | 0.27 | $ | 0.68 | |
Diluted | $ | 0.27 | $ | 0.68 |
Note 8 Income Taxes
Prior to the Reorganization, the Company was not subject to U.S. federal or state income taxes, and GCI, as a limited liability partnership, was generally not subject to U.K. income taxes. However, the Company was subject to the 4.0% New York City Unincorporated Business Tax on its U.S. earnings. In addition, certain non-U.S. subsidiaries of the Company were subject to income taxes in their local jurisdictions. After the Reorganization, the Company is no longer subject to New York City Unincorporated Business Tax, but it is subject to federal, foreign, state and local corporate income taxes, which the Company estimates will approximate 42% of pre-tax earnings.
The components of the provision for income taxes reflected on the condensed consolidated statements of earnings are set forth below:
14
Greenhill & Co., Inc. and Subsidiaries
(formerly
Greenhill & Co. Holdings, LLC and Subsidiaries)
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Three Months
Ended |
Six Months
Ended |
||||||
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||||
June 30, 2004 | |||||||
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||||||
(in thousands) | |||||||
Income before tax and minority interest: | |||||||
U.S. | $ | 10,313 | $ | 20,951 | |||
Non-U.S. | 5,215 | 9,936 | |||||
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Total income before tax and minority interest | 15,528 | 30,887 | |||||
Current taxes: | |||||||
U.S. federal | 1,685 | 1,685 | |||||
State and local | 999 | 1,399 | |||||
Non-U.S. | 951 | 1,035 | |||||
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||||
Total current tax expense | 3,635 | 4,119 | |||||
Deferred taxes: | |||||||
U.S. federal | 2,092 | 2,092 | |||||
State and local | (33 | ) | (33 | ) | |||
Non-U.S. | (67 | ) | (67 | ) | |||
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Total deferred tax expense | 1,992 | 1,992 | |||||
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|
||||
Total tax expense | $ | 5,627 | $ | 6,111 | |||
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Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when such differences are expected to reverse. In connection with the Reorganization, the Company recognized a net deferred tax liability of $0.3 million primarily related to the valuation of net deferred tax liabilities recorded in accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 109, "Accounting for Income Taxes". Significant components of the Companys net deferred tax assets and liabilities as of June 30, 2004 are set forth below:
As of
June 30, 2004 |
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||
(in thousands) | |||
Deferred tax assets: | |||
Depreciation and amortizaton | $ | 458 | |
Compensation and benefits | 255 | ||
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Total deferred tax assets | 713 | ||
Deferred tax liabilities: | |||
Unrealized gain on investments | 2,798 | ||
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Total deferred tax liabilities | 2,798 | ||
Net deferred tax liability | $ | 2,085 | |
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A reconciliation of the statutory U.S. federal income tax
rate of 35% to the Companys effective income tax rate is set forth below:
Three Months Ended | Six Months Ended | ||||
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||
June 30, 2004 | |||||
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U.S. statutory tax rate | 35.0 | % | 35.0 | % | |
Increase related to state and local taxes, net of U.S. | |||||
income tax | 4.0 | 3.3 | |||
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15
Greenhill & Co., Inc. and Subsidiaries
(formerly
Greenhill & Co. Holdings, LLC and Subsidiaries)
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Three Months Ended |
Six Months Ended |
||||
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||
June 30, 2004 | |||||
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Rate before one-time events | 39.0 | 38.3 | |||
Rate benefit for period as a limited liability company | (16.3 | ) | (25.5 | ) | |
Foreign tax expense prior to change in tax status | 11.7 | 6.1 | |||
Recognition of deferred tax liability upon the change | |||||
in tax status | 1.8 | 0.9 | |||
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Effective income tax rate | 36.2 | % | 19.8 | % | |
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The Companys effective tax rate includes a rate benefit attributable to the fact that the Company generally was not subject to corporate taxes on its earnings prior to the Reorganization.
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2003, the Companys provision for taxes related to local income taxes.
Note 9 Regulatory Requirements
Certain subsidiaries of the Company are subject to various regulatory requirements in the United States and United Kingdom, which specify, among other requirements, minimum net capital requirements for registered broker-dealers.
G&Co is subject to the Securities and Exchange Commissions Uniform Net Capital requirements under Rule 15c3-1 (the Rule), which specifies, among other requirements, minimum net capital requirements for registered broker-dealers. The Rule requires G&Co to maintain a minimum net capital of the greater of $5,000 or 1/15 of aggregate indebtedness, as defined in the Rule. As of June 30, 2004, G&Cos net capital was $5.5 million, which exceeded its requirement by $4.9 million. G&Cos aggregate indebtedness to net capital ratio was 1.67 to 1 at June 30, 2004. Certain advances, distributions and other capital withdrawals of G&Co are subject to certain notifications and restrictive provisions of the Rule.
GCI is subject to capital requirements of the FSA. As of June 30, 2004, GCI was in compliance with its local capital adequacy requirements.
Note 10 Business Information
The Companys activities as an investment banking firm constitutes a single business segment, with two principal sources of revenue:
The Company has principally earned its revenues from advisory fees earned from clients in large part upon the successful completion of the clients transaction or restructuring. Financial advisory revenues represented approximately 96.2% and 79.8%, of the Companys total revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2003 and 2004, respectively, and 95.1% and 82.8% of the Companys total revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2003 and 2004, respectively.
The Companys financial advisory and merchant banking activities are closely aligned and have similar economic characteristics. The same client and other relationships upon which the Company relies for financial advisory opportunities also generate merchant banking opportunities. Generally, the Companys professionals and employees are treated as a common pool of available resources and the related compensation and other Company costs are not directly attributable to either particular revenue source. In
16
Greenhill & Co., Inc. and Subsidiaries
(formerly
Greenhill & Co. Holdings, LLC and Subsidiaries)
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
reporting to management, the Company distinguishes the sources of its investment banking revenues between financial advisory and merchant banking. However, management does not evaluate other financial data or operating results such as operating expenses, profit and loss or assets by its financial advisory and merchant banking activities.
Note 11 Pro Forma Financial Information
The following are condensed pro forma consolidated statements of income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2003 and 2004:
Three Months | Six Months | ||||||||||||
Ended June 30, | Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||
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2003 | 2004 | 2003 | 2004 | ||||||||||
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(in thousands, except per share data) | |||||||||||||
Total Revenues | $ | 37,836 | $ | 34,853 | $ | 54,625 | $ | 64,419 | |||||
Compensation and benefits | (a) | 17,026 | 15,684 | 24,581 | 28,989 | ||||||||
Other expenses | 4,580 | 5,806 | 8,747 | 10,777 | |||||||||
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Total expenses | 21,606 | 21,490 | 33,328 | 39,766 | |||||||||
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Income before tax and minority interest | 16,230 | 13,363 | 21,297 | 24,653 | |||||||||
Minority interest in net income of subsidiary | (b) | | | | | ||||||||
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Income before tax | 16,230 | 13,363 | 21,297 | 24,653 | |||||||||
Tax expense | (c) | 6,817 | 5,612 | 8,945 | 10,354 | ||||||||
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Net income | $ | 9,413 | $ | 7,751 | $ | 12,352 | $ | 14,299 | |||||
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Average common shares outstanding: | (d) | ||||||||||||
Basic | 25,000 | 28,495 | 25,000 | 26,758 | |||||||||
Diluted | 25,000 | 28,537 | 25,000 | 26,800 | |||||||||
Earnings per share: | |||||||||||||
Basic | $ | 0.38 | $ | 0.27 | $ | 0.49 | $ | 0.53 | |||||
Diluted | $ | 0.38 | $ | 0.27 | $ | 0.49 | $ | 0.53 |
(a) | Because the Company was a limited liability company prior to becoming a public corporation on the Reorganization Date, payments for services rendered by managing directors generally had been accounted for as distributions of members capital rather than as compensation expense. As a corporation, the Company includes all payments for services rendered by managing directors in compensation and benefits expense. |
Compensation and benefits expense consists of cash compensation and non-cash compensation related to the restricted stock units awarded to employees at the time of the Companys initial public offering, as well as any additional restricted stock units awarded in the future. It is our policy that total compensation and benefits, including that payable to the managing directors, will not exceed 50% of total revenues each year (although we retain the ability to change this policy in the future). Adjustments to increase compensation expense for the three months ended June 30, 2003 and 2004 of $10.7 million and $2.2 million, respectively, have been made to record total pro forma compensation and benefits expense at 45% of total revenues, the estimated percentage of compensation for 2004. Adjustments to increase pro forma compensation expense for the six months ended June 30, 2003 and 2004 of $13.6 million and $6.2 million, respectively, have been made to record total compensation and benefits expense at 45% of total revenues. | |
(b) | Prior to the Reorganization, the Company recorded as minority interest a portion of GCIs earnings attributable to its European managing directors. Following the Reorganization, the Company no longer records minority interest relating to the European managing directors. For the three months ended June |
17
Greenhill & Co., Inc. and Subsidiaries
(formerly
Greenhill & Co. Holdings, LLC and Subsidiaries)
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
30, 2003 and 2004, historical income before tax has been increased by $8.5 million and $2.1 million, respectively, to reflect the elimination on a pro forma basis of minority interests held by the European managing directors in GCI. For the six months ended June 30, 2003 and 2004, historical income before tax has been increased by $10.6 million and $6.5 million, respectively, to reflect the elimination on a pro forma basis of minority interests held by the European managing directors in GCI. | |
(c) | Prior to the Reorganization, the Company was generally not subject to income taxes except in foreign and local jurisdictions. As a public corporation, the Company is subject to federal, foreign, state and local corporate taxes. For the three months ended June 30, 2003 and 2004, adjustments to historical income tax expense of $5.8 million and $0.0 million, respectively, have been made to increase the Companys effective tax rate to 42.0%, reflecting assumed federal, foreign, state and local income taxes as a corporation. For the six months ended June 30, 2003 and 2004, adjustments of $7.7 million and $4.2 million, respectively, have been made to increase the Companys effective tax rate to 42.0%, reflecting assumed federal, foreign, state and local income taxes as a corporation. |
(d) | For 2004 the pro forma numbers of common shares outstanding give effect to (i) 25,000,000 shares issued in connection with the Reorganization in conjunction with the initial public offering as if it occurred on January 1, 2004 and (ii) the weighted average of the 5,750,000 shares and the common stock equivalents issued in conjunction with the initial public offering. For 2003 the pro forma number of common shares outstanding gives effect to the shares issued in connection with the Reorganization of the Company as if it occurred on January 1, 2003. |
18
Item 2. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
In this Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, "we", "our" and "us" refer to Greenhill & Co., Inc.
Cautionary Statement Concerning Forward-Looking Statements
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes that appear elsewhere in this report. We have made statements in this discussion that are forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify these statements by forward-looking words such as "may", "might", "will", "should", "expect", "plan", "anticipate", "believe", "estimate", "predict", "potential" or "continue", the negative of these terms and other comparable terminology. These forward-looking statements, which are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions about us, may include projections of our future financial performance, based on our growth strategies and anticipated trends in our business. These statements are only predictions based on our current expectations and projections about future events. There are important factors that could cause our actual results, level of activity, performance or achievements to differ materially from the results, level of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. These factors include, but are not limited to, those discussed in our Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Commission file number 333-113526) under the caption "Risk Factors".
Although we believe the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, level of activity, performance or achievements. You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. We are under no duty to update any of these forward-looking statements after the date hereof.
Overview
Greenhill is an independent investment banking firm that (i) provides financial advice on significant mergers, acquisitions, restructurings and similar corporate finance matters and (ii) manages merchant banking funds and commits capital to those funds. We act for clients located throughout the world from offices in New York, London and Frankfurt. Our activities constitute a single business segment with two principal sources of revenue:
Business Environment
Economic and global financial market conditions can materially affect our financial performance. See the "Risk Factors" in our Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Commission file number 333-113526) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Net income and revenues in any period may not be indicative of full-year results or the results of any other period and may vary significantly from year to year and quarter to quarter.
In the first half of 2004, global volume of announced M&A transactions was $878 billion compared to $625 billion in the first half of 2003, a 40% increase1. Restructuring activity as measured by the dollar amount of debt defaults declined as there were 21 defaults recorded globally affecting $6.9 billion of debt in the first half of 2004 compared to 73 defaults on $34.0 billion of debt in the first half of 20032.
Although we may benefit from any sustained increase in M&A volume, we will be constrained by the relatively small size of our firm and we may not grow as rapidly as our principal competitors. In addition, some of the benefits
19
we expect to experience in connection with the recent increase in M&A volume will be partially offset by the current decline in restructuring activity.
Results of Operations
Summary
Our second quarter revenues of $34.9 million compare with revenues of $37.8 million for the second quarter of 2003, which represents a decrease of $2.9 million or 8%. The decrease was due to a decline in Financial Advisory Revenue, primarily from a lower incidence of completed transactions in the second quarter of 2004 compared to the second quarter of 2003, partially offset by increases in Merchant Banking Revenue. On a year-to-date basis, revenue through June 30, 2004 was $64.4 million, compared to $54.6 million for the comparable period in 2003, representing an increase of $9.8 million or 18%. The increase in year-to-date revenues is primarily due to higher merchant banking revenue in the second quarter of 2004 compared to the second quarter of 2003.
The Firms second quarter pro forma net income of $7.8 million compares with pro forma net income of $9.4 million in the second quarter of 2003, which represented a decrease of $1.6 million or 17%. The decrease was primarily due to the decrease in revenue discussed above and higher non-compensation expenses. On a year-to-date basis, pro forma net income was $14.3 million through June 30, 2004, compared to pro forma net income of $12.4 million for the comparable period in 2003, which represents an increase of $1.9 million or 15%. The increase is primarily due to higher revenues, offset slightly by higher non-compensation expenses. We had net income of $7.8 million and $17.4 million in the second quarters of 2004 and 2003, respectively. We had net income of $18.3 million and $23.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2004 and 2003, respectively.
Although actual and pro forma second quarter net income and earnings per share were similar this quarter, we believe that the pro forma results more accurately depict our results as a public company and will provide the most meaningful basis for comparison among present, historical and future periods. Prior to our initial public offering we operated as a limited liability company and our earnings did not fully reflect either the compensation expense we expect to pay our managing directors or the taxes that we expect to pay as a corporation. Additionally, a portion of our earnings attributable to our European operations was recorded as minority interest. Our pro forma results increase compensation expense and tax expense to amounts we expect to pay as a public corporation and eliminate the minority interest. See "Note 11- Pro Forma Financial Information" for an explanation of differences in pro forma amounts.
Revenues By Source
The following provides a breakdown of our aggregate revenues by source for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2004 and 2003, respectively:
Revenue by Principal Source of Revenue
Three Months Ended | |||||||||||
June 30, 2004 | June 30, 2003 | ||||||||||
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Amount | % of Total | Amount | % of Total | ||||||||
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(in millions) | |||||||||||
Financial Advisory | $ | 27.8 | 80 | % | $ | 36.4 | 96 | % | |||
Merchant Banking Fund Management & Other | 7.1 | 20 | % | 1.4 | 4 | % | |||||
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Total Revenues | $ | 34.9 | 100 | % | $ | 37.8 | 100 | % |
20
Six Months Ended | |||||||||||
June 30, 2004 | June 30, 2003 | ||||||||||
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Amount | % of Total | Amount | % of Total | ||||||||
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(in millions) | |||||||||||
Financial Advisory | $ | 53.3 | 83 | % | $ | 52.0 | 95 | % | |||
Merchant Banking Fund Management & Other | 11.1 | 17 | % | 2.6 | 5 | % | |||||
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Total Revenues | $ | 64.4 | 100 | % | $ | 54.6 | 100 | % |
Financial Advisory Revenues
Financial Advisory Revenues consist of retainers and success fees earned in connection with advising companies in merger, acquisition, restructuring or similar transactions. We earned $27.8 million in Financial Advisory Revenue in the second quarter of 2004 compared to $36.4 million in the second quarter of 2003, which represents a decrease of 24%. The decrease was due primarily to a lower incidence of completed transactions in the second quarter of 2004 compared to the second quarter of 2003. For the six months ended June 30, 2004, Financial Advisory Revenues were $53.3 million compared to $52.0 million for the comparable period in 2003, representing an increase of 3%. We are experiencing increasing traditional merger and acquisition activity, which is helping to offset the decrease in revenues from transactions caused by financial distress.
Completed transactions in the second quarter of 2004 included: the restructuring and sale of Allegiance Telecom, Inc. to XO Communications, Inc.; the sale of assets of Atlantic Electric & Gas Ltd. to Scottish and Southern Energy plc; the merger of Informa Group plc with Taylor & Francis Group plc; and the acquisition of International Multifoods by J.M. Smucker Company.
Announced transactions in the second quarter of 2004 included Marsh & McClennan Companies, Inc.s acquisition of Kroll Inc. and the buyback of a minority interest by the Cayzer Trust Company Limited.
Merchant Banking Fund Management and Other Revenues
Merchant banking fund management revenue reflects asset management fees, net principal investments gains or losses and profit overrides.
We earned $7.1 million in Merchant Banking & Interest Income in the second quarter of 2004 compared to $1.4 million in the second quarter of 2003, representing an increase of 407%. In the first six months of 2004, the Company earned $11.1 million in Merchant Banking & Interest Income compared to $2.6 million in the first six months of 2003, an increase of 327%. These increases are primarily due to unrealized gains in our principal investments in Greenhill Capital Partners, including our proportionate share of the gain relating to the initial public offering of Global Signal Inc. (NYSE: GSL) in June, as well as the recognition of profit overrides associated with gains in the Greenhill Capital Partners portfolio. There were no gains (or losses) in our principal investments in Greenhill Capital Partners investment portfolio for the first six months of 2003.
The investment gains or losses in our investment portfolio may fluctuate significantly over time due to factors beyond our control, such as individual portfolio company performance, equity market valuations and merger and acquisition opportunities. Revenue recognized from gains recorded in the first half of 2004 is not necessarily indicative of revenue that may be realized in future periods.
Operating Expenses
We classify operating expenses as compensation and benefits expense and non-compensation expenses.
The principal component of our operating expenses is compensation and benefits expense. Because we were a limited liability company prior to our initial public offering in May 2004, payments for services rendered by our managing directors prior to our initial public offering were generally accounted for as distributions of members capital or minority interest expense rather than as compensation expense. As a result, our pre-initial public offering compensation and benefits expense did not reflect a large portion of payments for services rendered by our
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managing directors and therefore understates our operating costs as a public
company. As a corporation, we now include all payments for services rendered
by our managing directors in compensation and benefits expense.
The following table sets forth information relating to our oper ating expenses, which are reported net of reimbursements of certain expenses by our clients and merchant banking portfolio companies:
Operating Expenses
Three Months Ended June 30, |
Six Months Ended June 30, |
||||||||||||||
2004 | 2003 | 2004 | 2003 | ||||||||||||
(in millions) | |||||||||||||||
Actual Compensation & Benefit Expense | $ | 13.5 | $ | 6.3 | $ | 22.8 | $ | 11.0 | |||||||
% of Revenues | 39 | % | 17 | % | 35 | % | 20 | % | |||||||
Pro Forma Compensation & Benefit Expense | 15.7 | 17.0 | 29.0 | 24.6 | |||||||||||
% of Revenues | 45 | % | 45 | % | 45 | % | 45 | % | |||||||
Non-Compensation Expense: | |||||||||||||||
Other Operating Expenses | 5.0 | 3.8 | 9.2 | 7.1 | |||||||||||
Depreciation & Amortization | 0.8 | 0.8 | 1.5 | 1.6 | |||||||||||
Total Non-Compensation Expense | 5.8 | 4.6 | 10.7 | 8.7 | |||||||||||
% of Revenues | 17 | % | 12 | % | 17 | % | 16 | % | |||||||
Total Actual Operating Expense | 19.3 | 10.9 | 33.5 | 19.7 | |||||||||||
% of Revenues | 55 | % | 29 | % | 52 | % | 36 | % | |||||||
Total Pro Forma Operating Expense | 21.5 | 21.6 | 39.7 | 33.3 | |||||||||||
% of Revenues | 62 | % | 57 | % | 62 | % | 61 | % |
Compensation and Benefits
Following our conversion to corporate form in the second quarter of 2004, we now include all payments for services rendered by our managing directors in compensation and benefits expense. If we had been a corporation at beginning of the period, we estimate our pro forma compensation and benefits expense for the three months ended June 30, 2004 would have been approximately $15.7 million; compared to $17.0 million in the second quarter of 2003, an 8% decrease. The decrease is a result of lower revenues in the second quarter of 2004 compared to the second quarter of 2003. The pro forma analysis reflects a 45% ratio of compensation to revenues for the relevant periods. One factor in determining compensation expense was the accounting impact of the introduction into our compensation packages of equity-related compensation in the form of restricted stock units.
For the six months ended June 30, 2004, on a pro forma basis, Total Compensation and Benefits Expense was $29.0 million compared to $24.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2003, which represents an 18% increase. This increase is a result of higher revenues in the first six months of 2004 compared to the first six months of 2003. The pro forma analysis reflects a 45% ratio of compensation to revenues for the relevant periods.
Our actual compensation and benefits expense in the second quarter of 2004 was $13.5 million, which represented a 114% increase over compensation and benefits expense of $6.3 million for the second quarter of 2003. For the six months ended June 30, 2004, our compensation and benefits expense was $22.8 million, compared to $11.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2003. These increases are primarily due to the treatment of the managing directors as employees for the period subsequent to our initial public offering. Our compensation and benefits expense for the period since the completion of our initial public offering reflects a 45% ratio of compensation to revenues.
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Non-Compensation Expense
Our non-compensation expense includes the costs for occupancy and rental, communications, information services, professional fees, travel and entertainment, insurance, depreciation and other operating expenses. Reimbursable client expenses are netted against non-compensation expenses.
Our non-compensation expenses were $5.8 million in the second quarter of 2004, which compared to $4.6 million in the second quarter of 2003, representing an increase of 26%. This increase is related principally to increases in rent expense of $0.4 million primarily from the New York office expansion in November 2003, recruiting expenses of $0.4 million and expenses associated with operating as a public entity of $0.3 million.
For the first six months of 2004, our non-compensation expenses were $10.7 million, which compared to $8.7 million in the first six months of 2004, representing an increase of 23%. This increase is related principally to increases in rent expense of $0.7 million primarily from the New York office expansion in November 2003, recruiting expenses of $0.5 million, interest expense of $0.2 million and expenses associated with operating as a public company of $0.3 million.
Non-compensation expense as a percentage of revenue in the three months and six months ended June 30, 2004 were 17% and 17%, respectively. This compares to 12% and 16% for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2003, respectively. The increase in these expenses as a percentage of revenue is principally related to increases in rent from new office space, increases in recruiting and the costs of being a public company.
As a public company, our costs for such items as insurance, accounting and legal advice have increased. We also incur costs that we have not previously incurred for director fees, investor relations expenses and various other costs of a public company. In the aggregate, we estimate that we will incur incremental costs in excess of $3.1 million per year as a result of our conversion to a public company.
Provision for Income Taxes
As a limited liability company, Greenhill was not subject to U.S. federal or state income taxes and its U.K. controlled affiliate Greenhill & Co. International LLP, as a limited liability partnership, was generally not subject to U.K. income taxes. However, Greenhill was subject to the 4.0% New York City Unincorporated Business Tax on its U.S. earnings. In addition, certain of our non-U.S. subsidiaries have been subject to income taxes in their local jurisdictions. We are no longer subject to New York City Unincorporated Business Tax following our conversion to corporate form in the second quarter of 2004. However, following the conversion to corporate form, we are subject to federal, foreign, state and local corporate income taxes, which we estimate will approximate 42% of our pre-tax earnings.
The Provision for Taxes in the second quarter of 2004 was $5.6 million, compared to $1.1 million in the second quarter of 2003. On a pro forma basis, assuming a tax rate of 42% for the full period, our Provision for Taxes would be $5.6 million. This compares to a pro forma Provision for Taxes in the second quarter of 2003 on a similar basis of $6.8 million.
The Provision for Taxes for the six months ended June 30, 2004 was $6.1 million, compared to $1.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2003. For the six months ended June 30, 2004, on a pro forma basis assuming a tax rate of 42% for the full period, our Provision for Taxes would be $10.4 million compared to pro forma provision for taxes of $8.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2003.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Prior to our initial public offering, we typically had a balance sheet with assets consisting primarily of cash and accounts receivable in relation to earned advisory fees. Cash distributions to our managing directors were generally made in relation to the profits earned in current and prior periods. Therefore, levels of cash on hand decreased significantly after each quarterly distribution of cash to managing directors, and gradually increased as accounts receivable were collected until the next quarterly distribution. Our liabilities have typically consisted of accounts payable and accrued compensation.
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As a result of our initial
public offering in May 2004, we received estimated proceeds of approximately
$90 million, net of the underwriters discount and estimated offering expenses.
Prior to the initial public offering, we had debt of $16.0 million as a result
of borrowings under our revolving credit facility. Proceeds from our initial
public offering were used to repay this debt. We expect that the remaining proceeds
from our initial public offering will be used for general corporate purposes,
including (i) the funding of our existing $20.3 million commitments to Greenhill
Capital Partners and (ii) the establishment of new merchant banking funds in
which we, as the general partner, expect to make certain principal investments.
Until the remaining proceeds of our initial public offering are used for these
purposes, we expect to invest them in U.S. Government securities, other short-term,
highly-rated debt securities and money market funds.
Our liquidity position is monitored by our Management Committee, which generally meets monthly. The Management Committee monitors cash, other significant working capital assets and liabilities, debt, principal investment commitments and other matters relating to liquidity requirements.
We had total commitments (not reflected on our balance sheet) relating to future principal investments in Greenhill Capital Partners of $20.3 million as of June 30, 2004. Subsequently, on July 1, 2004, we funded $6.8 million of this amount as part of a capital call from Greenhill Capital Partners to fund several pending investments, which reduced our cash balance and remaining commitments. Further capital calls may be made at any time through June 2005, unless the investment period is extended by the managing general partner for up to a two year period in accordance with the partnership agreement.
Cash Flows
In the first half of 2004, our cash and cash equivalents increased by $59.0 million compared to December 31, 2003. We received approximately $90 million in estimated net proceeds from our initial public offering, partially offset by distributions to members of earnings prior to the initial public offering of $31.2 million and net repayments of borrowings of $1.5 million. We generated $4.2 million from operating activities. We used $3.3 million in investing activities, including $3.9 million in purchases of property and equipment, primarily for the build-out of additional office space in New York, and $2.3 million in the purchase of a new investment in Greenhill Capital Partners, partially offset by distributions from our investments of $2.9 million.
In the first half of 2003, our cash and cash equivalents decreased by $10.2 million compared to December 31, 2002. We generated $32.3 million from operating activities, primarily from the collection of advisory fees receivable and the generation on revenues in the first half of 2003. We used $43.0 million in financing and investing activities, including $42.3 million in distributions to our members.
Market Risk
Due to the nature of our business and the manner in which we conduct our operations, in particular our limitation of investment to short term cash investments, we believe we do not face any material interest rate risk, foreign currency exchange rate risk, equity price risk or other market risk. Currently, we have a limited principal investment in Greenhill Capital Partners which is subject to equity price risk and other market risk. We have principal investments in Greenhill Capital Partners and may make investments in other similar vehicles, and we face exposure to changes in the estimated fair market value of the companies in which these funds invest. In addition, the reported amounts of our revenues may be affected by movements in the rate of exchange between the euro and pound sterling (in which 24% of our revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2004 were denominated) and the dollar, in which our financial statements are denominated. We do not currently hedge against movements in these exchange rates.
We have invested the remaining proceeds of our initial public offering in short duration, highly rated investments including U.S. government securities, other short-term, highly rated debt securities and money market funds. Changes in interest rates and other economic and market conditions could affect these investments adversely; however, we do not believe that any such changes will have a material effect on our results of operations.
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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The condensed consolidated financial statements included in this report are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, which require management to make estimates and assumptions regarding investment valuations, compensation accruals and other matters that affect the condensed consolidated financial statements and related footnote disclosures. Management believes that the estimates used in preparing its consolidated financial statements are reasonable and prudent. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. We believe that the following discussion addresses Greenhills most critical accounting policies, which are those that are most important to the presentation of our financial condition and results of operations and require managements most difficult, subjective and complex judgments.
Revenue Recognition
Financial Advisory Fees
We recognize advisory fee revenue when the services related to the underlying transactions are completed in accordance with the terms of the respective engagement letters. Retainer fees are generally recognized as advisory fee income over the period the services are rendered.
Our clients reimburse certain out-of-pocket expenses incurred by us in the conduct of advisory engagements. Expenses are reported net of such client reimbursements.
Merchant Banking Fund Management Revenues
Merchant Banking Fund Management revenue consists of (i) management fees on our merchant banking activities, (ii) gains (or losses) on investments in our merchant banking funds and other principal investment activities and (iii) merchant banking profit overrides.
Fund management fees are recognized over the period of related service.
We recognize revenue on investments in merchant banking funds based on our allocable share of realized and unrealized gains (or losses) reported by such funds on a quarterly basis. Investments held by Greenhill Capital Partners are recorded at estimated fair value. Investments are initially carried at cost as an approximation of fair value. The carrying value of such investments is adjusted at each period end to the extent that changes in the underlying fair values are readily determinable. Public investments are valued using quoted market prices discounted for any restrictions on sale. Privately held investments are carried at estimated fair value as determined by the general partner (our affiliate) after giving consideration to the cost of the security, the pricing of other private placements of the portfolio company, the price of securities of other companies comparable to the portfolio company, purchase multiples paid in other comparable third-party transactions, the original purchase price multiple, market conditions, liquidity, operating results and other financial data.
We recognize merchant banking profit overrides when certain financial returns are achieved over the life of the fund. Overrides are calculated as a percentage of the profits over a specified threshold earned by such funds on investments managed on behalf of outside investors. Future losses in the value of the funds investments may require amounts previously recognized as profit overrides to be reversed to the fund in future periods. Accordingly, merchant banking overrides are recognized as revenue only after material contingencies have been resolved.
Accounting Developments
The Company adopted the revised Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Interpretation No. 46 (FIN 46-R), Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities, in the first quarter of 2004. FIN 46-R defines variable interests and specifies the circumstances under which the consolidation of entities will be required. The adoption of FIN 46-R did not have a material impact on the Company financial position or results of operations. The adoption requires the Company to consolidate GCP Managing Partner, LP, the managing general partner of GCP. GCP Managing Partner, LP is responsible for managing GCPs investments, subject to the approval of GCP, L.P., the other general partner of GCP, with respect to the sale or other disposition of GCP investments made prior to December 31, 2003. The Company does not consolidate GCP since the Company, through its general partner and
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limited partner interests, does not have a majority of the economic interest
in GCP. Also, GCP Managing Partner, L.P. is subject to removal by a simple
majority of unaffiliated third-party investors of GCP.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
We do not believe we face any material interest rate risk, foreign currency exchange risk, equity price risk or other market risk. See Item 2 -- "Market Risk" above.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
As required by Rule 13a-15(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the Exchange Act), the Companys management, including the Companys Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of its disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Companys disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) were effective as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report. As required by Rule 13a-15(d) under the Exchange Act, the Companys management, including the Companys Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the Companys internal control over financial reporting to determine whether any changes occurred during the quarter covered by this quarterly report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. Based on that evaluation, there has been no such change during the quarter covered by this quarterly report.
Part II - Other Information
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
None.
Item 2: Changes in Securities, Use of Proceeds and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
On April 15, 2004, we issued 1,000 shares of our Common Stock to Greenhill & Co. Holdings, LLC for an aggregate purchase price of $100. This issuance was exempt from registration as a private placement made in reliance of Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Greenhill & Co. Holdings, LLC was subsequently merged into Greenhill & Co., Inc., and as a result, those shares of Common Stock were cancelled and are no longer outstanding.
On May 11, 2004, we issued 5,000,000 shares of our Common Stock in a registered public offering pursuant to a Registration Statement on Form S-1, which was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 5, 2004 (Commission file number 333-113526). On May 12, 2004, our underwriters exercised their option to acquire an additional 750,000 shares of our Common Stock and we issued that additional number of shares of Common Stock on May 14, 2004. The offering has terminated, and all securities registered pursuant to our Registration Statement have been sold. The managing underwriter for the offering was Goldman, Sachs & Co. An aggregate of 5,750,000 shares of Common Stock were registered pursuant to the Registration Statement at an aggregate estimated offering price of $92,000,000 (based upon the estimated maximum price of $16.00 per share that was estimated by us in accordance with Rule 457(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, prior to the pricing of the initial public offering). A total of 5,750,000 shares of Common Stock were sold at an aggregate actual offering price of $100,625,000 (based upon the price of $17.50 per share at which the shares actually sold). The estimated amount of expenses incurred by us in connection with the issuance and distribution of the Common Stock (including underwriting discounts and commission, expenses paid to the underwriters and certain other expenses) and related transactions was approximately $11 million. The estimated net offering proceeds to us from the offering after subtracting these expenses was approximately $90 million. We used $16 million of the offering proceeds to repay debt outstanding under our senior credit facility; the remainder of the offering proceeds have been invested in U.S. government securities, other short-term, highly rated debt securities and money market funds. It is our expectation that the remaining proceeds of the offering will be used by us to fund our existing $20.3 million of commitments to Greenhill Capital Partners and the establishment of new merchant banking funds in which we, through our controlling interest in the general partner of the funds, expect to make certain principal investments.
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Item 3. Defaults
Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
None.
Item 5. Other Information
None.
Item 6. Exhibits and Reports on Form 8 K
(a) Exhibits: | Page | |||
31.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | 29 | ||
31.2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | 30 | ||
32.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | 31 | ||
32.2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | 32 |
(b) No Reports on Form 8-K were filed during the period from April 1, 2004 to June 30, 2004.
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Signatures
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
Date: August 10, 2004
GREENHILL& CO., INC. | ||
By: | /s/ ROBERT F. GREENHILL | |
Name: | Robert F. Greenhill | |
Title: | Chairman and Chief Executive Officer |
|
By: | /s/ JOHN D. LIU | |
Name: | John D. Liu | |
Title: | Chief Financial Officer | |
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