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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
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FORM 10-K
FOR ANNUAL AND TRANSITION REPORTS PURSUANT TO
SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
(Mark One)
[X]ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1997
OR
[_]TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM TO
COMMISSION FILE NUMBER 0-27750
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IMPATH INC.
(EXACT NAME OF REGISTRANT AS SPECIFIED IN ITS CHARTER)
DELAWARE 13-3459685
(STATE OR OTHER JURISDICTION OF (I.R.S. EMPLOYER IDENTIFICATION NO.)
INCORPORATION OR ORGANIZATION)
521 WEST 57TH STREET 10019
NEW YORK, NEW YORK (ZIP CODE)
(ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICES)
REGISTRANT'S TELEPHONE NUMBER, INCLUDING AREA CODE (212) 698-0300
SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OF THE ACT:
NAME OF EACH EXCHANGE
TITLE OF EACH CLASS ON WHICH REGISTERED
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None
SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(G) OF THE ACT:
COMMON STOCK, $.005 PAR VALUE
TITLE OF CLASS
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports
required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period as the
registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to
such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes X No
--- ---
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item
405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to
the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information
statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any
amendment to this Form 10-K. [_]
State the aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity
held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common
equity was sold, or the average bid and asked prices of such common equity, as
of a specified date within the past 60 days.
Aggregate market value as of February 27, 1998................ $183,709,188
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the registrant's
classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
Common Stock, $.005 par value, as of February 27, 1998........... 5,315,198
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
List hereunder the documents, all or portions of which are incorporated by
reference herein and the Part of the Form 10-K into which the document is
incorporated: None.
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PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS.
OVERVIEW
IMPATH Inc. ("IMPATH" or the "Company") is a leader in providing critical
information essential for making medically optimal and cost-effective cancer
management decisions for individual cancer patients. The Company is focused
exclusively on the analysis of cancer, combining advanced technologies and
medical expertise to provide patient-specific diagnostic, prognostic and
treatment information to physicians involved in the treatment of cancer.
IMPATH believes that it currently performs more specialized analyses for
difficult to diagnose cancer cases than any other institution in the world.
The Company also believes that it is the leader in providing comprehensive
patient-specific prognostic information for cancer. For example, IMPATH
provided patient-specific prognostic information on over 20% of all breast
cancer cases in the U.S. in 1997. The Company's fastest growing business is
the analysis of lymphomas and leukemias, with IMPATH analyzing 12,464 of such
cases in 1997, representing an increase of 122% over 1996. Lymphoma/leukemia
analysis represents an area in which IMPATH's expertise and utilization of
sophisticated technologies are integrated to provide information for optimal
disease management.
The Company believes that its integration of patient-specific information
will be essential to a growing list of cancer diagnoses, most notably
prostate, colon, lung and bladder cancer. Furthermore, as an increased
understanding of the molecular basis of cancer leads to the development of new
evaluation methods and therapeutic tools, IMPATH expects that the information
it provides will become increasingly significant in optimizing the management
of all phases of cancer, including cancer predisposition, diagnosis,
prognosis, treatment determination and patient follow-up.
The Company believes that there are significant opportunities for increased
penetration of the cancer information market. IMPATH's goal is to be the
comprehensive information resource to the cancer care community. IMPATH has a
growing cancer database consisting of information on over 300,000 cases (the
largest database of diagnostic and prognostic cancer information in the
world); more than 85,000 of these cases were added in 1997 alone. The Company
believes that this database, along with IMPATH's strategy of linking patient-
specific information with clinical outcomes, will provide a powerful platform
for establishing optimal treatment pathways for patients with cancer.
The Company's revenues were $37.1 million in 1997, representing revenue
growth of 69% over 1996. In fact, the 1997 fiscal year was IMPATH's eighth
consecutive year of annual revenue growth in excess of 40%. Moreover, the
fourth quarter of 1997 represented IMPATH's sixteenth consecutive quarter of
record revenues. Income from operations and net income for 1997 were $5.8
million and $3.6 million, respectively, an increase of 119% and 78% over 1996.
Certain terms relating to the Company's business which are used in this
Annual Report on Form 10-K are explained in the Glossary included at the end
of this Item 1.
This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements about
IMPATH's plans for expansion. IMPATH's ability to achieve its plans for
expansion is dependent on a variety of factors, many of which are outside of
management's control. Some of the most significant factors, alone or in
combination, would be the failure to manage the Company's growth successfully,
the failure to integrate the businesses acquired by IMPATH successfully, an
unanticipated slowdown in the health care industry (as a result of cost-
containment measures, changes in governmental regulation or other factors), an
unanticipated failure in the commercialization of IMPATH's cancer information
database or an unanticipated loss of business. Accordingly, there can be no
assurances that IMPATH will achieve its goals for expansion.
2
CANCER INFORMATION MARKET
The market for cancer diagnosis, prognosis and treatment is significant and
growing. After heart disease, cancer is the leading cause of death in the
United States. Approximately eight million Americans alive today have been
diagnosed with cancer (excluding certain skin cancers). According to the
American Cancer Society, the estimated number of cancer cases diagnosed
annually in the United States (excluding certain skin cancers) grew from
approximately 530,000 in 1963 to approximately 1.4 million in 1997, an
increase of 164%. The growth in the number of cancer cases in the United
States is expected to accelerate as the leading edge of the "baby boom"
population approaches 55 years of age, the age at which the incidence of
cancer begins to rise sharply. Earlier diagnosis and better information have
led to more effective treatment and have increased the five-year survival rate
of cancer patients from 39% in 1963 to approximately 56% in 1997.
The National Cancer Institute estimates that the direct medical costs
associated with cancer will be approximately $37 billion in 1998. The Company
believes that these costs will increase rapidly as a result of the growth in
the number of cancer patients and the high cost of new therapies. Thus, the
Company anticipates that the demand for information regarding cancer and
cancer management will continue to increase.
The diagnosis, prognosis, treatment determination and follow-up of cancer
are extremely complex processes which require a multidisciplinary approach.
Among the key specialties involved in cancer management are pathology (for
diagnosis), surgery (for diagnosis and treatment), oncology (for treatment and
follow-up), radiology (for diagnosis and follow-up) and radiation oncology
(for treatment), as well as a number of other specialties for which cancer is
important, such as urology and gynecology.
IMPATH's potential market includes all physicians involved in the diagnosis
and treatment of cancer in the United States. This includes approximately
16,000 pathologists and more than 7,000 oncologists (excluding radiation
oncologists), as well as other specialists who treat cancer, such as surgeons
and gynecologists. Historically, pathologists have been the focus of the
Company's marketing efforts because they are responsible for providing the
information from which most cancer management decisions flow.
IMPATH's primary customers are the pathology departments of small- to
medium-sized community hospitals (100 to 500 beds), where most cancer is
diagnosed. Based upon statistics compiled by the American Hospital
Association, IMPATH believes that there are approximately 2,550 hospitals
which are potential users of IMPATH's services. These hospitals generally do
not perform their own sophisticated cancer analyses because the low case
volume per hospital does not justify establishing and maintaining the required
technological capabilities, facilities and expert medical staff.
Furthermore, health care providers increasingly are being organized into
managed care networks which emphasize cost containment. IMPATH believes that
these networks increasingly will outsource sophisticated cancer analysis in
order to optimize patient care and control costs. The care of the cancer
patient increasingly is being performed in outpatient settings, representing a
shift from traditional, hospital-based care. Certain evaluations, surgical
procedures and systemic treatments (e.g., chemotherapy) are now being
performed at outpatient facilities, and most patient follow-up is being
performed in outpatient settings rather than hospitals. These outpatient
facilities generally do not have the expertise and resources to provide the
information necessary for optimal cancer management.
In order to make optimal cancer management decisions, providers and payors
require information about the specific characteristics of a patient's cancer
(e.g., how aggressive it is and how it can best be treated). In the past,
patients have been treated based upon information gathered on entire classes
of disease rather than on the individual's cancer. With the development of new
targeted cancer therapies, patient-specific information has become critical to
cancer treatment decisions.
3
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES OF IMPATH
IMPATH pioneered the marketing of patient-specific diagnostic and prognostic
information to medical professionals involved in cancer management. The
Company believes that it now performs more analyses of difficult to diagnose
cancer cases than any other institution in the world and that it is the leader
in providing comprehensive patient-specific prognostic information for cancer.
IMPATH has established its leadership and reputation in the cancer information
market through its extensive expertise, its integration of technological
advances, its emphasis on customer service and education and the cost-
effectiveness of its services. IMPATH believes that these factors, which
cannot be duplicated without substantial investments of time and capital,
provide it with significant advantages over existing and potential
competitors. In addition, as the value of the information provided by IMPATH
becomes more widely recognized among the participants in the cancer management
market, IMPATH expects its role in all phases of this market to become even
more important.
Expertise. IMPATH specializes in cancer tests that require a level of
medical knowledge and technical expertise not found in the average community
hospital and not readily accessible in academic medical centers. IMPATH
believes that its medical staff has more experience in providing comprehensive
tissue-based diagnostic and prognostic analyses of cancer than virtually any
other group of practitioners. IMPATH currently receives an average of 360
cases per day. The experience derived from such a volume of cases leads to
superior professional and technical expertise. This expertise is reflected in
IMPATH's database of more than 300,000 cancer cases analyzed to date, with
more than 85,000 cases added during 1997 alone. The Company is linking these
data to outcomes and cost information in order to demonstrate the value of
IMPATH's services to payors and to provide new cancer information services to
providers, payors, biopharmaceutical and large pharmaceutical companies and
clinical research organizations. See "--Company Strategy."
Comprehensive Technology Integration. IMPATH provides a comprehensive range
of cancer analyses using sophisticated technologies, including
immunohistochemistry, image analysis and flow cytometry, cytogenetics,
molecular pathology and serum analysis. These analyses are integrated through
in-house technical and medical expertise to provide a single source for
optimal patient-specific diagnostic, prognostic and treatment information,
which is not available from clinical laboratories, hospitals or academic
centers. In the past decade, many new evaluation methods and treatment
regimens have been developed as a result of the increased understanding of the
cellular and molecular biology of cancer. As new therapies targeting cancers
with specific biological characteristics emerge, IMPATH believes that the
demand for cancer information services that identify such characteristics will
increase substantially. IMPATH intends to continue to integrate technological
advances rapidly and effectively to meet this demand. See "--Technologies."
Customer Service and Education. IMPATH's medical staff and customer service
representatives emphasize quality of service, accuracy of results and speed of
turnaround. The medical staff provides frequent expert consultation and
generally returns results within 48 hours of receipt of a specimen. By
contrast, academic medical centers often require approximately 14 days to
return results and typically provide little consultation. In addition,
IMPATH's sales force focuses on educating clients as to the benefits of the
Company's services in managing cancer. In contrast, the sales forces of most
clinical laboratory companies market hundreds of disparate, cancer and non-
cancer test services, and IMPATH believes that sales personnel at these
companies have limited familiarity with the individual cancer tests offered.
Many academic institutions, which perform some of the same analyses as the
Company, typically do not have substantial marketing or customer service
resources, and the pathology laboratories at large regional hospitals are
generally dedicated to servicing only their affiliated physicians. The success
of IMPATH's focus on customer service and education is demonstrated not only
by the Company's rapidly growing case volume, but by the fact that IMPATH's
case volume from its long-term customers continues to grow. See "--Sales and
Marketing."
4
Cost-Effectiveness. IMPATH provides physicians with diagnostic and
prognostic information necessary to determine the medically optimal therapy
for each patient's specific cancer. As a result, incorrect or unnecessary
treatments can often be avoided, along with the associated trauma, risk and
cost, and appropriate therapies can be implemented on a timely basis. In
addition, because of its high case volume, IMPATH benefits from significant
economies of scale which enable the Company to provide hospitals with a
valuable, cost-effective and expeditious alternative to establishing and
maintaining in-house pathology laboratories. IMPATH also believes that it
provides managed care networks and other payors with a source of sophisticated
cancer analyses which optimize patient care while controlling costs.
COMPANY STRATEGY
IMPATH's objective is to be the leading cancer information company and the
comprehensive resource for integrating all aspects of the management of cancer
information. The Company is pursuing the following strategies to achieve its
objective:
Increase market penetration of diagnostic and prognostic services. IMPATH
believes that it has a significant opportunity to continue to increase its
revenues and case volume from existing clients as well as through new
relationships with hospitals, physicians and payors. The Company intends to
continue to grow its core business by increasing the number of cases received
from existing clients, continuing to incorporate new technologies and
expanding the services it offers to the oncology outpatient market. Case
volume for 1994 was 33,618; in 1997 that figure increased to 87,884,
representing an average annual growth rate of 38.5%. In part as a result of
the more complex analyses per case required to assess tumor activity, the
Company's average revenue realization per case has increased as well. The
average revenue realization per case (excluding cytogenetic analyses) has
increased from approximately $298 in 1994 to approximately $422 in 1997,
representing an average annual increase of 12.3%.
Managed care networks represent an important business opportunity for the
Company because, in many cases, unnecessary treatment can be avoided and
significant cost savings can be achieved through the relatively inexpensive
services provided by the Company. An IMPATH case analysis typically costs
between $300 and $1,200 and contains information which can be critical for
physicians to avoid ineffective courses of therapy costing many thousands of
dollars. The Company intends to expand its presence in managed care by
aggressively marketing the cost-effectiveness and clinical benefits of its
services and assisting managed care companies in developing cancer treatment
protocols.
In order to implement this strategy, the Company intends to continue to
identify and incorporate new technologies and scientific developments and to
recruit and train medical, scientific, customer service and sales personnel to
meet the demands of its expanding business.
Pursue strategic acquisitions and alliances. The Company has successfully
completed the acquisition and integration of several complementary regional
businesses which have added to the breadth and depth of its technological
expertise and services, and believes that there are other similar acquisition
candidates, including companies with significant national and international
presences. The Company intends to continue to pursue selective acquisitions of
companies that will enhance its cancer management information database. These
acquisitions also may include companies involved in health care information
services and companies that have expertise in the evaluation of medical data
and cost analysis.
The Company also continues to target alliances that will broaden its
information services capabilities. IMPATH has entered into a joint venture,
IMPATH Registry L.L.C., with Medical Registry Services, Inc., a leading
developer of cancer registry software, to develop new software products for
oncologists and pathologists to evaluate and select optimal patient-specific
treatment pathways based on diagnostic and prognostic information.
Expand and enhance database. IMPATH believes that it has one of the most
significant knowledge bases related to the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment
of cancer. With more than 300,000 analyzed cases to date, IMPATH is rapidly
incorporating the diagnostic and prognostic information generated from the
5
analysis of these cases into its cancer information database. In over 1,200
cases, the linked data corresponding to patient treatment regimens and
outcomes are incorporated into the database. IMPATH expects to continue to
link data obtained from diagnostic and prognostic analyses with therapy
choices and patient outcomes. The cancer database represents a comprehensive
resource for the management and treatment of certain cancers. In addition, as
the Company integrates cost information related to patient care into its
database, the Company believes that the database will become increasingly
valuable to the managed care industry. The Company intends to continue to
expand and enhance its database through internal analysis and through
strategic partnerships and joint ventures with oncology networks, hospital
groups, managed care companies and biopharmaceutical and large pharmaceutical
companies.
Provide information to the biopharmaceutical industry. IMPATH believes that
its resources will be valuable to the biopharmaceutical industry for
evaluating existing and emerging diagnostic and prognostic indicators for
targeted cancer therapies. The data would also permit a comparison of
development-stage therapeutics with existing therapies, from an effectiveness
and cost perspective. IMPATH's cancer database should also be a valuable
resource for pre-clinical drug development, where potential drug therapies are
screened and evaluated for specificity and potential market size.
Target international expansion. IMPATH believes that foreign markets
represent a significant opportunity for the Company to expand its cancer
information business. A principal focus of the Company's international
strategy will be selective acquisitions of established businesses providing
services similar to those provided by the Company. IMPATH also intends to
pursue this opportunity by partnering with international physician oncology
networks and hospital groups. These efforts initially will focus primarily on
select markets in Europe and South America and, once these relationships are
established, would expand into Southeast Asia, Japan, Canada and Australia.
These regions represent areas where sophisticated treatment technologies are
currently in use and which the Company believes would benefit from IMPATH's
services.
IMPATH'S ROLE IN THE CANCER MANAGEMENT PATHWAY
The management of cancer involves a series of distinct steps which must be
integrated in order to define a therapeutic strategy. At each step,
information critical to the decision-making process must be obtained in order
to make the optimal decision. Traditionally, the type of information applied
to the decision-making process has been limited, and related not to an
individual's cancer, but rather to an entire class of disease. IMPATH's core
business is providing, through the use of integrated advanced technology,
information unique to a particular patient with cancer.
IMPATH concentrates on the use of advanced technologies to address many of
the shortcomings of traditional methods of cancer assessment. The Company
believes that its services will be critical to the efficient coordination and
optimal implementation of all phases of the cancer management pathway.
Predisposition. In the large majority of cancers, genetic defects occur in
the course of an individual's life that may lead to the development of cancer.
However, in some cases an individual has an inherited predisposition for
developing certain types of cancer. It is possible that the genes responsible
for this inheritance pattern may be identified prior to the overt
manifestation of that cancer. In fact, it is believed that as many as 5% of
certain types of cancers are based at least in part on an inherited
predisposition. IMPATH currently possesses the technological expertise to
detect genetic defects associated with predisposition to certain cancers.
While very few predisposition genes have been identified to date (for example,
genes responsible for the inherited forms of breast cancer, ovarian cancer,
colon cancer and retinoblastoma), this is a very active area of research. As
these genes are identified, IMPATH will be in the position to screen for these
types of inheritable cancers.
Diagnosis. IMPATH's core diagnostic analyses provide information regarding
tumors that are difficult to diagnose using conventional pathology procedures.
Although most tumors can be diagnosed based on visual examination by the
pathologist, as many as 15% (180,000 per year in the U.S. alone) of all
6
cancers defy specific classification by this method. This may result in
treatment decisions that are approximated, incorrect or ineffective leading to
unnecessary treatment, complications and increased cost. Traditionally, the
therapeutic approach to a patient with cancer has been based on a purely
morphological assessment of the origin of the cancer and the extent of spread,
i.e., the tumor's appearance under the microscope (for example, does it look
like colon cancer?) and the tumor's presence in various metastatic sites (such
as regional lymph nodes and bone marrow). While this type of morphological
assessment is well accepted, it has serious and critical limitations.
Specifically, morphological assessment is able to provide very little
information about the biological aggressiveness of an individual's cancer and
can provide virtually no meaningful information regarding the treatment to
which the patient's specific cancer will respond. IMPATH has shown that in a
majority of cases which defy standard classification, the use of advanced
technologies and the medical expertise provided by IMPATH lead to an accurate
diagnosis, thus ensuring optimization of therapy, greater predictability of
outcome, increased survival and decreased overall costs.
Prognostic Assessment. IMPATH's prognostic tests provide information to
pathologists and oncologists regarding the aggressiveness of a tumor. The
increase in knowledge of tumor biology and the development of new technologies
have made it increasingly important to determine the aggressiveness of an
individual cancer in order to treat that cancer more rationally. One breast
cancer may have a low biological aggressiveness, and may therefore have a very
low propensity to recur, while another breast cancer (which appears identical
under the microscope) may be very aggressive. These tumors should be treated
very differently, but may not be if these differences are not identified. For
example, post-surgical systemic treatment, such as chemotherapy, for a cancer
that has a very low rate of recurrence produces limited beneficial effects,
and may only expose the patient to the morbidity and expense of such
treatment. On the other hand, an aggressive cancer should be treated
aggressively at the earliest possible time in order to achieve maximal
therapeutic benefit. IMPATH's prognostic expertise differentiates such
difficult cases, providing the oncologist with the critical information
necessary to treat patients effectively and to reduce morbidity and costs.
Treatment Determination. Traditionally, therapeutic approaches to cancer
have been based solely on the diagnosis and stage (or extent) of disease. For
example, a patient with breast cancer is treated with a particular combination
of chemotherapeutic drugs not because it is known that the cancer in question
is likely to respond, but rather because a certain proportion of other breast
cancers have responded in the past to similar treatment. In an increasing
number of cancer cases, IMPATH provides information that can help to predict
the specific types of therapy to which a particular tumor will, or will not,
respond. For example, in the case of breast cancer, IMPATH provides critical
information for the determination of likely patient responses to specific
therapies (e.g., hormonal treatment and chemotherapy) before such therapies
are administered. This type of information is becoming increasingly available
for other types of tumors as well. Thus, therapies that are most likely to be
beneficial can be instituted at the earliest possible time, when the impact
will be the greatest. In addition, therapies which will have little effect can
be avoided, thus decreasing morbidity and expense and accelerating the
implementation of appropriate treatment. The Company believes that this type
of patient-specific information will become essential for optimal cancer
management.
Treatment Follow-up. Once a cancer has been diagnosed, assessed and treated,
the patient must often undergo many years of follow-up care involving multiple
patient contacts and repeat analyses. This care not only provides for the
treatment of therapeutic complications (often resulting from inappropriate
therapy due to inaccurate diagnosis and insufficient assessment) but is
designed to determine, at the earliest possible time, if a patient has
suffered a recurrence. IMPATH has the expertise to provide highly sensitive
patient monitoring in an increasing number of cancers. For example, the
Company is able to establish whether or not certain types of lymphomas have
recurred prior to their detection by any standard method, even sensitive
microscopic analysis. The identification of tumor recurrence at the earliest
possible time increases the likelihood of a beneficial therapeutic response.
7
TECHNOLOGIES
Recent advances in immunology, biochemistry and molecular biology have
created new tools with tremendous potential in the management of cancer
patients. IMPATH specializes in cancer tests that require a sophisticated
level of medical knowledge and technical expertise that is beyond the
capability of pathology laboratories in the average community hospital. In
fact, the expertise required to develop and maintain a high quality immuno-
and molecular pathology laboratory is found in a relatively small number of
top level academic institutions. Furthermore, even the most sophisticated
medical centers perform only a small fraction of the tests that IMPATH
performs every day. This is extremely important, as increased experience
generally leads to superior professional and technical expertise. The average
community hospital pathologist does not see a substantial volume or range of
cases and, therefore, very rarely has the experience to choose the correct
testing methodology and to evaluate the data, or the technical support to
achieve high quality results. Even when these technologies exist at academic
medical centers, they typically exist in different departments (e.g.,
pathology, genetics and molecular biology). The Company believes that there is
usually no integration of information by these different departments, making
it more difficult for the referring physician to diagnose and provide optimal
treatment for a patient's specific cancer.
IMPATH addresses these issues by virtue of its extensive experience in
applying and performing analyses and by the background and expertise of its
medical staff. IMPATH currently receives an average of 360 cases a day.
Because of IMPATH's significant case volume, its professionals have been able
to expand their considerable experience, and have been able to develop
individual areas of expertise. IMPATH's consultants and in-house staff include
internationally known experts in immuno- and molecular pathology and highly
experienced technologists.
IMPATH continues to identify and incorporate sophisticated technologies and
analyses, consistent with the Company's goal of remaining at the forefront of
scientific advances in cancer analysis. IMPATH integrates these technologies
in order to provide comprehensive cancer information critical for optimal
cancer management. Importantly, these techniques also allow for the
identification of patients who will not benefit from certain types of therapy,
thus avoiding the cost, pain and side effects of unnecessary treatment.
The following chart summarizes the Company's use of technologies in its
analyses of cancer:
FLOW
CYTOMETRY
CATEGORY OF ANALYSIS AND
AND IMMUNOHISTO- IMAGE MOLECULAR SERUM
TYPE OF CANCER CHEMISTRY ANALYSIS PATHOLOGY CYTOGENETICS ANALYSIS
-------------------- ------------ --------- --------- ------------ --------
Predisposition.......... X
Diagnosis:
Difficult to Diagnose
Cancers............... X
Lymphoma/Leukemia...... X X X X
Prognosis/Treatment De-
termination:
Breast................. X X X
Lymphoma/Leukemia...... X X X X
Prostate............... X X X
Other (e.g., Colon,
Bladder, Ovarian)..... X X X
Follow-up:
Breast................. X X
Lymphoma/Leukemia...... X X
Prostate............... X X
Other (e.g., Colon,
Bladder, Ovarian)..... X X
8
Immunohistochemistry
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a technique wherein a monoclonal antibody is
used to identify disease-specific cellular antigens. A primary antibody to an
antigen of interest is incubated with test tissue sections followed by a
secondary antibody complex. If the antigen is present in tissue, the primary
antibody binds and the antigen-antibody reaction can be visually detected by a
color product. Because cell antigens are not absolutely tissue- or tumor-
specific, the immunopathologist must use panels of antibodies to construct a
"fingerprint" for identification. Immunohistochemistry is superior to standard
biochemical assays because it provides faster results, can be used on smaller
tissue samples, has less stringent requirements for specimen storage, and,
most importantly, predicts outcomes more accurately.
Flow Cytometry and Image Analysis
Various components of tumor cells can be quantified by flow cytometry and/or
image analysis. In flow cytometry, a cell sample is stained with appropriate
fluorochromes and passed through a flow chamber designed to align the stream
of cells so that they are individually struck by a focused laser beam. The
scattered light and fluorescent emissions are separated according to
wavelength by appropriate filters and mirrors and directed to detectors which
convert the emissions into electronic signals that are analyzed and stored for
future display by a computer. The data are displayed on a graph of frequency
(number of cells versus fluorescent energy) for a single parameter analysis or
as a scattergraph for a multi-parameter evaluation. The fluorochromes used to
stain cells in flow cytometry include compounds that bind to DNA and/or RNA,
but fluoresce at different wavelengths for each, or that can attach to
antibodies against cell surface antibodies. In image analysis, a pathologist
selects the area of the specimen to be examined, and a computerized instrument
using a microscope and camera then measures various components of tumor cells
based on staining intensity.
Molecular Pathology
The next generation of commercial diagnostic and prognostic testing is
generally expected to be based on molecular biology, since a disease or
condition may be associated with the presence of an abnormality in DNA or RNA.
A specimen may be tested for a particular disease or condition by finding and
marking this abnormality. Currently, the use of molecular pathology is
confined predominantly to academic centers. However, IMPATH already performs a
wide range of molecular pathology analyses, including in situ hybridization
(ISH). Similar to IHC except that a DNA probe is used rather than a monoclonal
antibody, in situ hybridization employs recombinant DNA technology with
labeled probes to locate and identify nucleic acid sequences within cells.
IMPATH also uses a DNA-based technology called Southern blotting that detects
genetic rearrangements that confirm abnormalities known to be present in
certain tumors. More recently, fluorescence has been used to label probes,
replacing the historical use of radioactive isotopes, in a technique called
fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Another promising molecular
pathology technique already in use at IMPATH is the amplification of specific
DNA sequences by thermal cycling and subsequent electrophoresis, the most
sensitive method of detecting alteration in DNA.
Cytogenetics
Cytogenetic analysis evaluates the genetic changes that occur at the
chromosome level. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, or 46 individual
chromosomes in every cell. Cytogenetic methods provide for the identification
of each individual chromosome using DNA-specific staining techniques to
produce the unique band pattern that is characteristic of each chromosome,
providing for the identification of chromosomal abnormalities like balanced
translocations, deletions and gene amplifications that are consistently
associated with certain cancers. The analysis involves the utilization of
fresh cells obtained from blood, bone marrow or tissue specimens which have
been cultured to enhance cell growth and division. The cells are then
harvested and prepared in such a manner that the chromosomes and the distinct
patterns of each can be seen through a microscope. The identification of
chromosome changes
9
has become extremely useful in the diagnosis and prognostic assessment of
lymphomas, leukemias, soft tissue cancers (sarcomas) and pediatric cancers.
The scope of this technology is expected to expand to carcinomas (such as
colon, lung and prostate cancer) in the near future.
Serum Analysis
Blood serum markers are proteins circulating in the blood which are produced
in excess by malignant tumors. These serum proteins serve as an indicator of
tumor regression (decreased presence of markers) or tumor progression
(increased presence of markers). Because these proteins are present in minute
amounts, the technology required for detection relied, until recently, on an
immunochemical procedure involving the use of radioactive isotopes. Now,
however, a new generation of non-radioactive techniques is available to detect
blood serum markers employing, among other methods, chemiluminescence--a novel
system based on emitted light as an indicator of activity. IMPATH intends to
use its newly acquired serum technology to assist oncologists in patient
follow-up. For example, by monitoring levels of certain known markers, the
Company can help to confirm remission or the recurrence of ovarian and
prostate cancers.
CANCER MANAGEMENT THROUGH INFORMATION
Optimal management of cancer means the best outcome at the lowest possible
cost. At each step along a management pathway, the best choice is not
necessarily the lowest cost alternative, but one which leads to the best
outcome at the lowest overall cost. A patient with cancer has many treatment
options, at widely varying costs, ranging for example from no further
intervention to expensive experimental procedures such as bone marrow/stem
cell transplants; however, the choice of a more expensive option may lead to a
better outcome with fewer recurrences. This not only optimizes patient benefit
(an obvious advantage as health care will be increasingly evaluated on the
basis of outcome) but can actually lead to lower overall cost; the cost of
treating recurrent disease is generally far greater than initial post-surgical
interventions. Thus, outcomes and cost-effectiveness should be synergistic,
and not mutually exclusive. The key to cost-effectiveness is choosing the most
appropriate management pathway for the individual patient. This can only be
done through the use of information derived from a patient's tumor that
defines its biological uniqueness, and allows for identification of the most
appropriate therapeutic options.
Finally, cancer management is not static; approaches that represent current
best practices may well be added to or modified by new developments, a process
that has tremendous impetus in research institutions and biopharmaceutical
companies.
With more than 300,000 analyzed cases to date, IMPATH is rapidly
incorporating the diagnostic and prognostic information generated from its
analyses of cases into its cancer database. The demographics of these cases
are: 151,500 breast cancer prognostics and treatment profiles; 91,500 complex
cancer diagnoses; 41,500 lymphoma and leukemia classifications; and 37,500
analyses of other cancers (e.g., prostate, bladder, uterine).
In order to provide high quality and cost-effective cancer care, oncology
practices are consolidating into comprehensive coordinated cancer treatment
groups and managed care organizations are increasing their presence in the
oncology marketplace. IMPATH believes that it can provide these groups with
information that is critical in providing such care. IMPATH also believes that
the information it provides will become increasingly important to these groups
as the Company develops its outcomes-oriented database to provide information
for the optimal, cost-effective utilization of resources.
IMPATH believes that the use of its services will have two fundamental
impacts on cancer management: (1) optimization of patient-specific care, and
(2) the cost-effective delivery of that care. As a result, IMPATH expects to
become an increasingly significant factor in helping to establish quality
standards for these cancer management groups. IMPATH believes that it is well
positioned to become a vital component in the integrated management of cancer.
10
APPLICATIONS OF IMPATH'S CANCER INFORMATION SERVICES
Presented below are examples of how the information provided by IMPATH can
be critical to optimal cancer management.
Breast Cancer Management--Risk Assessment and Evaluation of Therapeutic
Options
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women in the United States.
Annually, more than 180,000 cases are diagnosed and over 44,000 women die of
this disease. While the incidence of breast cancer has been increasing, the
number of deaths resulting from this disease has been slowly but steadily
decreasing. It is now widely recognized that earlier detection (by mammography
and self examination) has played a significant role in decreased mortality.
However, a significant advancement in the management of breast cancer has been
the development of technologies that provide patient-specific information that
allows oncologists to optimize treatment for each individual woman's cancer.
Traditional analysis of breast cancer only assesses a patient based on what
a tumor has already done, i.e., its current size and whether it has
metastasized to regional lymph nodes. This approach does not provide
information specific to the individual patient, but can only assess how
populations of patients will fare. This approach to providing therapy in
breast cancer has traditionally been based on how breast cancer generally
responds to a particular regimen, and not the potential of a particular tumor
to respond to such therapy.
IMPATH's approach to breast cancer analysis is based on providing the most
patient-specific information possible through the use of sophisticated
technology. IMPATH provides information in two fundamental areas, from which
virtually all post-surgical management decisions can be based.
Risk Assessment. IMPATH provides information necessary to determine the
aggressiveness of a tumor, not based on an assessment of the current state of
the tumor, but rather on the specific cellular and molecular changes that take
place in that individual tumor. This information is critical for optimal
cancer management. For example, a patient with a tumor that has a very high
likelihood of producing overt metastases must be treated rapidly and
aggressively. On the other hand, a patient with a tumor that has very little
chance of developing metastasis is not likely to benefit from aggressive
systemic treatment, and may only suffer the complications and cost of such
treatment.
Assessment of Therapeutic Options. IMPATH uses some of the most significant
advances in the understanding of cancer to assess more accurately the
likelihood of response (or lack of responsiveness) of a tumor to a particular
type of systemic therapy. This allows for better, more cost-effective cancer
management, as patients can now be treated with the type of therapy to which
they are most likely to respond, and can avoid treatments to which they are
unlikely to respond.
Selected examples of how IMPATH assesses risk and therapeutic options are
set forth below:
Hormone Receptors. The presence of estrogen and progesterone receptors in
breast cancer identifies women who are more likely to respond to hormonal
manipulation of the tumor, a commonly used therapy. This important test is now
required by the American College of Surgeons. The hormonal receptor status, as
examined by IHC, has been shown to be better correlated with clinical outcome
than standard biochemical assays. Furthermore, smaller tumor specimens,
including fine needle aspirates (FNAs), which are obtained through a less
invasive, less painful and less costly procedure, can only be effectively
examined by IHC.
Oncogene Analyses. The Her-2/neu oncogene identifies tumors that are more
biologically aggressive and therefore require more intensive treatment. The
Her-2/neu oncogene may also identify breast cancers that are resistant to
certain types of chemotherapy.
Cell Proliferation/DNA Ploidy Analysis. Proliferative rate and ploidy have
been well documented as important prognostic indicators in many cancers,
including breast cancer and colon cancer. The ploidy compares the DNA content
of a tumor cell with that of a normal cell. The proliferative rate measures
the
11
percentage of cells that are actively dividing. High proliferative rates and
abnormal DNA content have been strongly correlated with faster progression and
earlier recurrences. Using image analysis and flow cytometry, the DNA of the
tumor can be examined by IMPATH using tissue specimens, FNAs and other cell
specimens. IHC can also be used visually to evaluate cell proliferation.
Detection of Occult Bone Marrow and Lymph Node Micrometastases. The single
most reliable indicator of outcomes in most cancers is whether or not a tumor
has spread (metastasized). However, in many cases the conventional pathologic
examination is unable to detect tumor spread, even in patients who will
eventually suffer tumor metastases. The basis for the development of cancer
metastases is the presence of the undetected spread of tumor. Technology
developed by IMPATH's founders allows for the detection of the microscopic
spread of cancer prior to detection by conventional methods, including
sensitive microscopic examination. The detection of lymph node and bone marrow
micrometastases identifies patients at greatest risk for developing overt
metastatic disease and may identify those who will most benefit from
aggressive adjuvant chemotherapy. Furthermore, identifying those patients who
do not have lymph node (or bone marrow) micrometastases may indicate those who
will not require such therapy, and who thus can be spared the pain, side
effects and substantial costs of chemotherapy. IMPATH believes that it is one
of a limited number of companies currently offering tests for the detection of
micrometastases, and that the detection of occult lymph node and bone marrow
micrometastases will be important in identifying the risk of developing overt
metastases for a wide variety of cancers, including breast, lung, colon and
prostate cancer. Furthermore, in patients undergoing high-dose chemotherapy
followed by stem cell transplants from one location to another within the
patient's body, a correct assessment of tumor cells in the patient's bone
marrow may be important to evaluate accurately the response to therapy and to
avoid reinfusing a patient with cancerous cells.
Because of its unique approach to breast cancer, IMPATH believes that it is
the leader in providing the most comprehensive prognostic information
essential to the management of breast cancer. The Company provided patient-
specific prognostic information on over 20% of all such cases in the U.S. in
1997, more than 30% of cases diagnosed in the New York metropolitan area and
over 35% of cases diagnosed in Florida, the Company's largest markets. The
Company's specialized expertise in breast cancer has not only allowed it to
play a significant role in optimizing patient-specific breast cancer treatment
nationwide but has also allowed it to be well positioned to develop the most
comprehensive outcomes-focused database in breast cancer.
Lymphoma/Leukemia Management--Integration of Technology in Overall Cancer
Management
The value of IMPATH's integrated approach to providing cancer information is
demonstrated in the clinical management of hematopoietic malignancies, such as
lymphomas and leukemias, particularly as scientific advances improve our
understanding of these diseases. The clinical management of hematopoietic
malignancies requires a comprehensive approach that includes analysis by
hematopathologists and the use of advanced diagnostic and prognostic
technology. Most community hospitals do not have hematopathologists or the
technologies required for such analyses. The Company employs four
hematopathologists and uses molecular and cellular technology to diagnose and
classify these hematopoietic malignancies. Using the information from an
IMPATH analysis, a physician can tailor therapy to optimize the outcome for a
patient. These same technologies are applied to evaluate a patient's response
to therapy, and to evaluate the progression or remission of the disease.
Lymphoma. The clinical significance of IMPATH's diagnostic technology is
illustrated by the fact that during 1997, of the over 9,589 suspected lymphoma
cases sent to IMPATH for analysis, more than 12% were found to be an infection
or inflammation rather than cancer. Prior to the development of certain
technologies used by IMPATH, such cases may have been misdiagnosed as cancer.
In the cases identified by IMPATH as not being cancer, patients who were
suspected of having a hematopoietic malignancy were spared the trauma, risk
and cost associated with unnecessary treatment. Of the cases sent to IMPATH in
1997 that were in fact lymphomas, the technology applied by the Company
permitted an assignment of the "grade" of the lymphoma, a process recommended
by the International Lymphoma Study Group
12
(1994). The grading of lymphomas is an important process that influences the
treatment decisions of physicians and can result in better outcomes for a
lymphoma patient.
Leukemia. Similar to lymphomas, leukemias represent a type of cancer where
the classification and grading of the disease provides critical information
that influences the selection of therapy, predicts the response to therapy and
indicates the likely outcomes for the patient. The characteristics that
distinguish the various types of leukemias can be identified by the technology
employed by IMPATH. For example, in many cases, chromosome abnormalities
identified by this technology permit the unequivocal assignment of the disease
to a particular class of leukemia. As new biological characteristics
associated with leukemia classes continue to be identified, the Company
believes that it is well positioned to incorporate into its analyses
additional tests to detect these characteristics.
Management of Other Cancers
Diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic information is being integrated
increasingly into the management of other cancers. As medical research
progresses and as increasing numbers of treatment options evolve, IMPATH
believes that its expertise will play an increasing role in the decision
making processes for all cancers.
For example, prostate cancer, like breast cancer, is a disease that is
responsive to hormonal manipulation. As in the case of estrogen receptors in
breast cancer, the presence of androgen receptors in prostate cancer can now
be evaluated. IMPATH believes that this information will become increasingly
important in the treatment and management of prostate cancer. The growth rate
of the tumor is also critical; for instance, a 50-year old man with a rapidly
growing cancer must be treated differently than a 90-year old man with a very
slow-growing prostate cancer. IMPATH provides this information for prostate
and other cancers, including breast, colon and bladder cancers.
The determination of patient-specific characteristics in optimizing therapy
is becoming essential as more outcomes-related biological determinants are
defined. Important examples of this are mutations in tumor suppressor genes
and oncogenes (such as Her-2/neu). The presence of these mutations in a
patient with specific types of tumors (e.g., bladder, breast or colon)
identifies the biological aggressiveness of that individual's tumor. Other
characteristics help to establish the responsiveness to therapy. For example,
if a patient's cancer has the multi-drug resistance (MDR) receptor, his/her
tumor will be unresponsive to many forms of drug therapy including, for
example, taxol therapy for ovarian and other cancers.
Furthermore, the most significant problem in treating cancer is the
accurate, early assessment of disease dissemination, i.e., metastases. IMPATH
has a special expertise in identifying the presence of lymph node and bone
marrow micrometastases, often earlier than practitioners using conventional
methods. This analysis is now useful in the correct staging of prostate, colon
or lung cancers and increasingly in other types of cancers.
Information that establishes the biological aggressiveness of an
individual's tumor and predicts response to therapy for that particular
patient is crucial to optimizing outcome for that patient. IMPATH believes
that its expertise in this area, as well as its access to increasing numbers
of cancer specimens, will allow it to continue to expand its comprehensive
database for predicting outcomes in various types of cancer. The Company
believes that this database will be increasingly important to the medically
optimal and cost-effective management of the cancer patient.
SALES AND MARKETING
Sales Force. As of December 31, 1997, the Company's sales force consisted of
34 employees, including a Senior Vice President, Sales and Marketing, a
National Sales Manager, three full-time Regional Managers and 29 sales
representatives. The IMPATH sales force consists of highly trained individuals
with extensive scientific backgrounds and successful sales records with health
care companies. The sales force
13
focuses on educating clients as to the benefits of the Company's services in
managing cancer. IMPATH believes that the technical and clinical knowledge of
its sales force distinguishes it from other companies.
Marketing Support. IMPATH supports its sales force with extensive customer
service and marketing programs. Due to the technical and scientific complexity
of IMPATH's business, the Company has established a strong interactive
relationship with its clients. This relationship serves to increase the
reliance of the client on IMPATH and is a significant tool for encouraging
business growth within the current customer base. The marketing process
emphasizes educating physicians regarding the development of new technologies
and the value of the information provided by IMPATH.
Customer Service. The Company emphasizes customer service, including the
provision of a comprehensive detailed report to the referring physician after
each analysis is completed. These reports serve to educate pathologists and
clinicians, many of whom may not be familiar with the analyses performed by
IMPATH, as well as to provide authoritative support for the accuracy and
validity of such analyses. In general, the Company returns its completed
analysis and report to the referring physician or clinician within 48 hours of
receipt of the tissue specimen, compared with approximately 14 days for
academic institutions. Further, the Company's medical staff provides frequent
expert consultation. The Company also employs several customer service
representatives, who are responsible for inquiries made by referring
physicians and provide support for the Company's sales staff. The success of
IMPATH's focus on customer service and education is demonstrated not only by
the Company's rapidly growing case volume, but by the fact that IMPATH's case
volume from its long-term customers continues to grow.
COMPETITION
The Company provides services in a segment of the health care industry that
is highly fragmented and extremely competitive. The Company's actual or
potential competitors include large university or teaching hospitals; large
clinical laboratories that have substantially greater financial, marketing and
logistical resources than the Company; special purpose clinical laboratories
that have limited test offerings and a highly focused product and marketing
strategy; and the Company's customers or potential customers who may choose to
perform services similar to those performed by the Company. It is anticipated
that competition will continue to increase due to such factors as the
perceived potential for commercial applications of biotechnology and the
continued availability of investment capital and government funding for
cancer-related research. There are several large clinical laboratory companies
which market a broad range of services nationally, and which have
substantially greater financial, selling, logistical and laboratory resources
than the Company. In addition, management has identified a number of
specialized clinical laboratories in the U.S. which have test offerings which
are less comprehensive than those of IMPATH and highly focused product and
marketing strategies.
REIMBURSEMENT
The Company typically bills third-party payors, such as private insurance
plans, managed care plans and Medicare, as well as hospitals, for its
services.
During 1995, 1996 and 1997, the Company received the following estimated
percentages of its total revenues for diagnostic and prognostic services from
the respective payors identified below:
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
---------------------------
PAYOR 1995 1996 1997
----- ------- ------- -------
Hospitals........................................ 43% 37% 26%
Private Insurance/Managed Care................... 29 35 44
Medicare......................................... 24 25 25
Individual Patients.............................. 4 3 5
------- ------- -------
Total.......................................... 100% 100% 100%
======= ======= =======
For a discussion of the changes in these percentages in 1997, see Item 7 of
this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
14
Medicare is a federal health insurance program that provides health
insurance coverage for certain disabled persons, for persons aged 65 and older
and for certain persons with end-stage renal disease. Medicaid is the state-
administered and state- and federally-funded program for certain low-income
individuals. To date, the Company has derived no revenues from the Medicaid
program. As a participating provider, the Company bills Medicare for covered
services and accepts Medicare reimbursement as payment in full for its
services, subject to applicable co-payments and deductibles.
Revenues from analyses performed for other patients are derived principally
from other third-party payors, including commercial insurers, Blue Cross/Blue
Shield plans, health maintenance and preferred provider organizations and from
hospitals (who in turn usually bill any third-party payors or patients). With
respect to third-party payors, management has elected, to date, not to accept
reimbursement rates set by such non-governmental third-party payors as payment
in full. With respect to hospitals, management negotiates the terms of the
transaction applicable to each arrangement.
The Company currently receives Medicare reimbursement through three Medicare
carriers. Reimbursement rates for some services of the type or similar to the
type performed by the Company have been established by Medicare and some other
third-party payors, but have not been established for all services or by all
carriers with respect to any particular service. Most carriers, including
Medicare, do not cover services they determine to be experimental or
investigational, or otherwise not reasonable and necessary for diagnosis or
treatment. However, a formal coverage determination is made with respect to
relatively few new procedures. When such determinations do occur for Medicare
purposes, they most commonly are made by the local Medicare carrier which
processes claims for reimbursement within the carrier's geographic
jurisdiction. Medicare may retroactively audit and review its payments to the
Company, and may determine that certain payments for services must be
returned. With respect to other third-party payors, a positive coverage
determination, or reimbursement without such determination, by one or more
third-party payors does not assure reimbursement by other third-party payors.
Significant disapprovals of payment for any of the Company's services by
various carriers, reductions or delays in the establishment of reimbursement
rates, and carrier limitations on the coverage of the Company's services or
the use of the Company as a service provider could have a material adverse
effect on the Company's future revenues.
The services furnished by the Company are characterized for the purposes of
the Medicare program as physician pathology services. As of January 1, 1992,
all physician services, including pathology services, have been reimbursed by
Medicare based on a new methodology known as the resource-based relative value
scale ("RBRVS"), which was phased in over a four-year period. A Final Notice
updating the RBRVS payment methodology, published November 25, 1992, as well
as updates issued subsequently, have not had any significant effect on the
Company's reimbursement rates. Under the Balanced Budget Act of 1997, Congress
revised the RBRVS system to use a single conversion factor, rather than the
previous three, and to change the manner in which fees are updated. The
Company cannot predict what the potential impact of the change to the RBRVS
system will be on the Company's future Medicare reimbursement.
QUALITY ASSURANCE
IMPATH engages in a number of quality control procedures, many of which the
Company believes exceed industry norms. For instance, the Company does not buy
untested commercially available reagent test kits. Instead, each of IMPATH's
reagents is selected from various suppliers based on an exhaustive in-house
test of purity, batch-to-batch variability, potency and performance. IMPATH
believes that its quality review procedures are superior to other centers
performing similar analyses. In addition, the quality assurance program of the
Company's facilities includes close attention to the Company's Standard
Operating Procedures, continuing education and technical training of
technologists, statistical quality control of all analytical processes,
instrument maintenance, and regular inspection by governmental
15
agencies and the College of American Pathologists (the "CAP"). The CAP is an
independent non-governmental organization of board-certified pathologists
which offers an accreditation program to which facilities can voluntarily
subscribe. The CAP accreditation program involves both periodic inspections of
the Company's facilities and participation in the CAP's proficiency testing
program for all categories in which its facilities seek to attain or maintain
accreditation. The Company's facilities are CAP accredited, certified by
Medicare, licensed by New York State, the City of New York and the States of
California and Arizona and licensed under the Clinical Laboratories
Improvement Act of 1967 ("CLIA"). The Company believes it has obtained all
licenses and permits required to operate its facilities. IMPATH follows the
quality control and quality assurance procedures established by CLIA, the CAP
and various New York State, California, Arizona and New York City agencies.
The Company's New York and California facilities are supervised by medical
directors whose qualifications meet all regulatory requirements. The Company's
Arizona facility is supervised by a laboratory director whose qualifications
meet all regulatory requirements governing the cytogenetics testing which is
performed at the facility. The primary role of the Company's medical directors
and laboratory director is to ensure the accuracy and quality of the Company's
analyses. As a further quality assurance procedure, the Company periodically
undergoes peer review with third-party facilities, including Norris Cancer
Center and Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. In peer review,
particularly challenging diagnostic cases are referred by the Company to these
cancer centers for verification of antibody tests and IMPATH's diagnostic
conclusions. The results of these consultations are tabulated and discussed at
monthly quality assurance meetings at the Company's offices.
The Company also participates in a number of proficiency testing programs
under which, in general, the testing body submits pre-tested samples to a
facility in order to measure the facility's results against the known
proficiency test value. The proficiency programs are conducted by groups such
as the CAP and state and federal government regulatory agencies.
GOVERNMENT REGULATION
As a provider of health care related services, the Company is currently
subject to extensive and frequently changing federal, state and local
regulations governing licensure, billing, financial relationships, referrals,
conduct of operations, purchases of existing businesses, cost containment,
direct employment of licensed professionals by business corporations and other
aspects of the Company's business relationships. The various types of
regulatory activity affect the Company's business either by controlling its
growth, restricting licensure of the business entity or by controlling the
reimbursement for services provided.
Laboratory Licensure. The Company's facilities are certified or licensed
under the federal Medicare program and CLIA, as amended by the Clinical
Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 ("CLIA '88"). Licensure is
maintained under the clinical laboratory licensure laws of New York,
California and Arizona, where the Company's facilities are located. The
Company believes it has obtained all material laboratory licenses required for
its operations. In addition, the California facility is licensed by the
federal Nuclear Regulatory Commission and all three facilities are accredited
by the CAP.
The federal and state certification and licensure programs establish
standards for the day-to-day operation of facilities, including, but not
limited to, personnel and quality control. Compliance with such standards is
verified by periodic inspections by inspectors employed by federal or state
regulatory agencies. The Health Care Financing Administration conducts an on-
site survey every two years. In addition, federal regulatory authorities
require participation in a proficiency testing program approved by the
Department of Health and Human Services ("HHS") for each of the specialties
and subspecialties for which a facility seeks approval from Medicare and
licensure under CLIA '88 requires participation in proficiency testing
programs which involve actual testing of specimens by the facility that have
been prepared by an entity running an approved program for testing.
16
The Final Rule implementing CLIA '88, published by HHS on February 28, 1992,
became effective September 1, 1992. This Final Rule covers all laboratories in
the United States, including the Company's facilities. The Company has
reviewed the Final Rule (and subsequent revisions thereto), including, among
other things, the rule's requirements regarding facility administration,
participation in proficiency testing, patient test management (including
patient preparation, proper specimen collection, identification, preservation,
transportation, processing and result reporting), quality control, quality
assurance and personnel, for the types of analyses undertaken by the Company,
and believes that it complies with these requirements. However, no assurances
can be given that the Company's facilities will pass all future inspections
conducted to ensure compliance with CLIA '88 or with any other applicable
licensure or certification laws.
Anti-Kickback/Self-Referral Regulations. The Social Security Act imposes
criminal penalties and exclusions from federal health care programs (including
Medicare) upon persons who make or receive kickbacks, bribes or rebates in
connection with a federal health care program (including Medicare). The anti-
kickback rules prohibit providers and others from soliciting, offering,
receiving or paying, directly or indirectly, any remuneration in return for
either making a referral for a service or item covered by a federal health
care program (including Medicare) or ordering any such covered service or
item. In order to provide guidance with respect to the anti-kickback rules,
the Office of the Inspector General ("OIG") issued final regulations outlining
certain "safe harbor" practices, which although potentially capable of
inducing prohibited referrals, would not be prohibited if all applicable
requirements are met. A relationship which fails to satisfy a safe harbor is
not necessarily illegal, but could be scrutinized on a case-by-case basis. In
February 1997, the OIG issued an interim rule regarding its recently mandated
proposals for accepting and issuing advisory opinions on the anti-kickback
rules.
Because the anti-kickback rules have been broadly interpreted, they could
limit the manner in which the Company conducts its business. The Company
believes that it currently complies with the anti-kickback rules in planning
its activities, and believes that its activities, even if not within a safe
harbor, do not violate the anti-kickback statute. However, no assurance can be
given regarding compliance in any particular factual situation. Exclusion of
the Company from the Medicare program could result in a significant loss of
reimbursement and have a significant adverse effect on the Company.
Under another provision, known as the "Stark" law or "self-referral"
prohibition, physicians who have an investment or compensation relationship
with an entity furnishing clinical laboratory services (including pathology
services) may not, subject to certain exceptions, refer clinical laboratory
analyses for Medicare patients to that entity. Similarly, facilities may not
bill Medicare or any other party for services furnished pursuant to a
prohibited referral. Violation of these provisions may result in disallowance
of Medicare claims for the affected analysis services, as well as the
imposition of civil monetary penalties and program exclusion. Under the Stark
law and the regulations implementing the law, a physician may make payments to
a clinical laboratory in exchange for the facility's provision of clinical
laboratory services and continue to refer Medicare patients to that
laboratory, without the payments meeting any particular pricing standards. The
Final Rule does make clear, however, that supplies or services, other than
clinical laboratory services, purchased by a physician from a clinical
laboratory must be at fair market value.
A number of states, including New York and California, have enacted
prohibitions similar to the Stark law covering referrals of non-Medicare as
well as Medicare business. These rules are very restrictive, prohibit
submission of claims for payment for prohibited referrals and provide for the
imposition of civil monetary and criminal penalties. The Company has no
prohibited relationships with any of its referrers. However, the Company is
unable to predict how these laws may be applied in the future, or whether the
federal government or states in which the Company operates will enact more
restrictive legislation or restrictions that could under certain circumstances
impact the Company's operations.
Any exclusion or suspension from participation in the Medicare program, any
loss of licensure or accreditation, or any inability to obtain any required
license or permit, whether arising from any action by
17
HHS, any state or any other regulatory authority, would have a material
adverse effect on the Company's business. Any significant civil monetary or
criminal penalty resulting from such proceedings could have a material adverse
effect on the Company.
Fee-Splitting; Corporate Practice of Medicine. The laws of many states
prohibit physicians from sharing professional fees with non-physicians and
prohibit non-physician entities, such as the Company, from practicing medicine
(including pathology) and from employing physicians to practice medicine
(including pathology). The laws in most states regarding the corporate
practice of medicine have been subjected to limited judicial and regulatory
interpretation. The Company believes its current and planned activities do not
constitute fee-splitting or violate any prohibition against the corporate
practice of medicine. However, there can be no assurance that future
interpretations of such laws will not require structural or organizational
modifications of the Company's existing business. In addition, statutes in
certain states in which the Company does not currently operate could require
the Company to modify its structure.
Food and Drug Administration. The Food and Drug Administration ("FDA")
regulates certain monoclonal antibodies purchased by the Company but does not
currently regulate the analytical services which are the Company's principal
business. However, the FDA is currently reviewing issues concerning the use of
monoclonal antibodies for analytical services and the decisions the FDA
ultimately makes could impact the Company.
Other. Certain federal and state laws govern the handling and disposal of
medical specimens, infectious and hazardous wastes and radioactive materials.
Failure to comply could subject an entity covered by these laws to fines,
criminal penalties and/or other enforcement actions.
Pursuant to the Occupational Safety and Health Act, facilities have a
general duty to provide a workplace to their employees that is safe from
hazard. Over the past few years, the Occupational Safety and Health
Administration ("OSHA") has issued rules relevant to certain hazards that are
found in facilities such as the Company's. Failure to comply with these
regulations, other applicable OSHA rules or with the general duty to provide a
safe work place could subject an employer, including a facility employer such
as the Company, to substantial fines and penalties.
INSURANCE
The Company is presently covered by general liability insurance in the
amount of $6.0 million per occurrence and $7.0 million in the aggregate and
has obtained professional liability insurance in the amount of $6.0 million
per occurrence and $8.0 million in the aggregate for the Company's Medical
Directors and other physicians. The Company's liability insurance covers
claims relating to the handling and disposal of medical specimens and
infectious and hazardous waste, except in the event of malfeasance or fraud by
the Company. Management believes that these amounts and types of coverage are
adequate to protect the Company and its property against material loss.
EMPLOYEES
As of December 31, 1997, the Company had 249 full-time and 39 permanent
part-time employees, of which 52 were management, administrative and clerical
personnel, 43 were engaged primarily in marketing and sales activities and 193
were engaged in laboratory and related operations. None of the Company's
employees is covered by collective bargaining agreements. The Company believes
its employee relations are good.
18
GLOSSARY
Adjuvant Chemotherapy: Therapeutic drugs used to inhibit and destroy cancer
cells in addition to conventional treatment (e.g., surgery).
Antibody: A protein molecule produced by the immune system that specifically
binds with an antigen.
Antigen: Any of a variety of materials that induce the body's immune system to
produce antibodies.
Cancer: A generic term for any kind of malignant tumor.
Clinical: Pertaining to the sign, symptoms and course of a disease.
Diagnosis: The process for deciding what disease is present.
DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid. The biochemical constituents of genes in
chromosomes.
Electrophoresis: A method of analysis in which chemicals, usually proteins,
are separated one from another by their respective electrical charges.
Fine Needle Aspirate or FNA: Specimen acquired through insertion of a thin
needle into a lesion whereby cells are withdrawn using negative pressure.
Flow Cytometry: Method of analysis used to examine the staining of single cell
suspensions by focusing a laser beam on each cell and measuring the emitted
fluorescence.
Fluorochrome: Fluorescent light generated by excitation and emission of light
of specific wavelengths using molecules with fluorescent properties.
Hematopathologist: A pathologist specializing in the study of hematolymphoid
diseases, including hematopoietic malignancies.
Hematopoietic Malignancies: Cancer of the blood, lymph nodes, bone marrow and
related structures.
Her-2/neu: Oncoprotein (product of an oncogene); overexpression is a negative
prognostic and predictive indicator in certain cancers (primarily breast
cancer).
Hormone: A chemical substance produced by an organ which has a specific
regulatory effect on the activity of organs.
Immunohistochemistry or IHC: Technique that uses antibodies to identify and
mark antigens expressed by cells in tissues using specific enzymes (e.g.,
peroxidase alkaline phosphatase).
In Situ Hybridization: Use of labeled fragments of DNA (probes) that can bind
(hybridize) to specific, complementary sequences.
Lymph Nodes: Nodular structures scattered along the path of lymphatics. They
produce and store white blood cells and filter harmful substances out of
the system. They are often the first site of cancer metastases.
Lymphoma: Any neoplasm of lymphoid tissue origin.
Marker: A characteristic of any cell or cellular structure (e.g., a gene,
chromosome or enzyme).
Metastases: The spread of cancerous cells from the primary site of the
disease.
Micrometastases: Presence of a small number of tumor cells, particularly in
the lymph nodes and bone marrow, not readily detected by microscopic
examination.
19
Monoclonal Antibody: An antibody produced by a single clone of cells
comprising a single species of antibody molecules. Reacts with only one
antigen (epitope).
Mutation: An event which changes the structure of DNA in chromosomes;
mutations can often be seen in cancer cells.
Neoplasm: The uncontrolled growth of cells resulting in a mass (tumor); often
refers to cancer.
Nucleic Acid Sequences: A family of substances of large molecular weight,
found in chromosomes, nucleoli, mitochondria and cytoplasm of all cells.
Occult Tumor: Clinically unidentified primary tumor with recognized
metastases.
Oncogene: Abnormal genes derived from proto-oncogenes (normal counterparts);
are associated with many cancers.
Oncology: The study of cancer.
Pathology: That branch of medicine which studies essential nature of disease,
especially the structural and functional changes in tissues and organs of
the body which cause or are caused by disease.
Ploidy: The number of chromosomal sets.
Prognostic: Referring to potential outcome of a disease.
Proliferation: Cell cycle kinetics, reproduction or multiplication of a cell.
Reagent: A substance used to detect, measure or react with another substance.
Receptor: A protein which specifically binds to another and mediates the
biological activity of the other.
Recombinant DNA: DNA resulting from the insertion into the chain, by chemical
or biological means, of a sequence of DNA (in whole or partial) not
originally in that chain.
RNA: Ribonucleic acid. A nucleic acid found in all living cells and one of the
major chemical constituents of nucleoli and ribosomes; involved in the
transmission of genetic information from DNA to proteins.
Sarcoma: A malignant neoplasm derived from connective tissues.
Scattergraph: A density graph of flow cytometry data where individual cells
are displayed as positive or negative for two antigens. The graph is
divided by x and y axes to define positive and negative. The density of
dots, color warmth and intensity is proportional to the number of cells per
unit area.
Serum: Fluid component of blood (noncellular).
Southern Blotting: A technique in which DNA is fragmented, electrophoresed and
reacted with labelled fragments of DNA (probes).
Specimen: Material sent in for evaluation, either tissue or cell suspensions
(i.e., body fluids).
Staining: To apply reagents to cells in order to impart color to specific
components.
Stem Cell Transplant: Progenitor (precursor) cells used for the bone marrow
rejuvenation.
Taxol: A chemotherapeutic agent (derived from the bark of the yew tree) having
broad anti-tumor activity.
Thermal Cycling: Cyclical heating and cooling in the presence of target DNA
and specific DNA primers.
Tumor: A swelling or enlargement; a growth or neoplasm, often referring to
cancer.
Tumor Suppressor Gene: A gene involved in the normal growth regulation of
cells. Abnormalities (mutations) of tumor suppressor genes are associated
with the cause and progression of cancer based on abnormal cell growth.
20
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES.
The Company's main facility and executive offices are located at 521 West
57th Street, New York, New York, where the Company leases approximately 28,700
square feet of space under a 12 1/2-year lease expiring in November 2009. The
lease provides for minimum aggregate annual rental payments of approximately
$344,000. The Company is also required to pay for repairs, property taxes and
insurance relating to this facility.
The Company's California facility and offices are located at 5230 Pacific
Concourse Drive, Los Angeles, California, where the Company has entered into a
lease expiring November 2000 for approximately 16,400 square feet of space.
This facility commenced operations in December 1995. The lease provides for
minimum annual rental payments of approximately $281,000. The Company is also
required to pay for repairs, property taxes and insurance relating to this
facility.
The Company's Arizona facility and offices are located at 810 E. Hammond
Avenue, Phoenix, Arizona, where the Company leases approximately 11,200 square
feet of space under a lease which expires September 2006. The Company
commenced operations at this facility in January 1997, when it completed the
acquisition of certain assets of Oncogenetics, Inc. The lease provides for
minimum annual rental payments of approximately $70,000. The Company is also
responsible for all maintenance, property taxes and insurance relating to the
facility.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.
From time to time, the Company is a party to various legal proceedings
incidental to its business. The Company believes that none of these legal
proceedings will have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial
position, results of operations or liquidity.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS.
Not applicable.
PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS.
The Company's Common Stock trades on the Nasdaq National Market under the
symbol "IMPH." The following table sets forth the range of high and low bid
prices per share for the Common Stock for the period from February 21, 1996
(the first day the Common Stock was publicly traded) through March 6, 1998.
HIGH LOW
------- -------
FISCAL 1996
First Quarter (beginning February 21, 1996).................. $15 3/4 $12 3/4
Second Quarter............................................... 18 14
Third Quarter................................................ 17 3/4 10 3/4
Fourth Quarter............................................... 18 3/4 10 1/2
FISCAL 1997
First Quarter................................................ 20 7/8 15 3/4
Second Quarter............................................... 27 5/8 17 1/4
Third Quarter................................................ 32 1/2 21 7/8
Fourth Quarter............................................... 34 5/8 22 1/2
FISCAL 1998
First Quarter (through March 6, 1998)........................ 37 1/4 29 3/4
On March 6, 1998, the last sale price of the Common Stock as reported on the
Nasdaq National Market was $34.50.
As of January 31, 1998, there were approximately 58 record holders of the
Common Stock.
21
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA.
The following table sets forth selected consolidated financial and operating
data of the Company as of December 31 in each of 1993 through 1997 and for
each of the years in the five-year period ended December 31, 1997. The
consolidated statement of operations and consolidated balance sheet data have
been derived from the Company's consolidated financial statements, which have
been audited by KPMG Peat Marwick LLP, independent certified public
accountants. Such consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 1996 and 1997
and statements of operations for each of the years in the three-year period
ended December 31, 1997 and the notes thereto are included in Item 14(a) of
this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The historical consolidated financial data
should be read in conjunction with and are qualified in their entirety by
reference to the consolidated financial statements of the Company and the
related notes thereto and to Item 7 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
-------------------------------------------
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERA-
TIONS DATA:
Total revenues..................... $ 7,042 $10,014 $14,714 $21,965 $37,063
Salaries and related costs....... 4,162 4,682 6,830 9,432 15,056
Selling, general and administra-
tive............................ 3,805 4,351 6,863 9,895 16,222
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Total operating expenses........... 7,967 9,033 13,693 19,327 31,278
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Income (loss) from operations...... (925) 981 1,021 2,638 5,785
Other income (expense)............. 2 (15) 22 1,030 716
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Income (loss) before income tax ex-
pense............................. (923) 966 1,043 3,668 6,501
Income tax expense................. 19 98 -- 1,621 2,852
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Net income (loss).................. (942) 868 1,043 2,047 3,649
Accrued dividends on Preferred
Stock(1).......................... (371) (427) (478) (82) --
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Net income (loss) available to com-
mon
stockholders...................... $(1,313) $ 441 $ 565 $ 1,965 $ 3,649
======= ======= ======= ======= =======
Per common and common equivalent
share:
Basic:
Net income per common share(1).. $ 0.36 $ 0.41 $ 0.68
======= ======= =======
Weighted average common and
common equivalent shares
outstanding(2)................. 2,921 4,961 5,398
======= ======= =======
Dilutive:
Net income per common share
assuming dilution(1)........... $ 0.31 $ 0.38 $ 0.63
======= ======= =======
Weighted average common and
common equivalent shares
outstanding assuming
dilution(2).................... 3,371 5,404 5,809
======= ======= =======
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
-------------------------------------------
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
CONSOLIDATED SELECTED OPERATING DA-
TA:
Number of cases reported........... 24,812 33,618 43,287 55,539 87,884
Number of hospitals served......... 959 1,021 1,118 1,360 1,670
Number of oncology practices
served............................ -- -- -- -- 141
22
DECEMBER 31,
--------------------------------------------
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997
------- ------- ------ ------- -------
(IN THOUSANDS)
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET DATA:
Working capital.................. $ 1,736 $ 2,500 $3,622 $30,768 $21,951
Total assets..................... 3,152 4,144 9,261 37,581 46,342
Long-term liabilities, net of
current portion................. 124 249 1,130 1,430 2,726
Redeemable preferred stock....... 5,979 6,407 -- -- --
Total stockholders' equity
(deficiency).................... (3,741) (3,266) 5,655 33,638 38,309
- --------
(1) Reflects dividends accrued on the Preferred Stock. Dividends accrued prior
to February 10, 1995 were forgiven in conjunction with the issuance of
Series D Preferred Stock. Dividends accrued from February 10, 1995 in the
amount of $560,000 were paid and ceased to accrue upon conversion of the
Preferred Stock on February 26, 1996.
(2) Weighted average shares outstanding give effect to the conversion of the
outstanding shares of Preferred Stock into shares of Common Stock in
accordance with the terms thereof on February 26, 1996 and reflect the 1-
for-2.8218735 reverse split of the outstanding shares of Common Stock.
23
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.
The following discussion of the financial condition and results of
operations should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and the
notes thereto included in Item 14(a) of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
OVERVIEW
IMPATH was founded in 1988 and has become a leader in providing critical
information essential for making medically optimal and cost-effective cancer
management decisions for individual cancer patients. The Company is focused
exclusively on the analysis of cancer, combining advanced technologies and
medical expertise to provide patient-specific diagnostic, prognostic and
treatment information to physicians involved in the treatment of cancer. With
expected medical cost increases attributable to the growth in the number of
cancer patients and the high cost of new therapies, the Company anticipates
significant and growing demand for cancer management information. IMPATH has
established its leadership and reputation through its extensive expertise, its
integration of technological advances, its emphasis on customer service and
education and the cost-effectiveness of its services.
The Company's revenues, which have increased an average of approximately 50%
annually since 1993, have been derived from performing specialized cancer
analyses for which IMPATH typically bills various third-party payors, such as
private insurance plans, managed care plans and governmental programs (e.g.,
Medicare), as well as hospitals and individual patients. Over the last few
years, the Company has experienced increased pressures on reimbursement and
expects such pressures to cause reduced unit pricing for diagnostic and
prognostic analyses in future periods. Despite those pressures, the Company
has experienced increasing average reimbursement trends due to changes in its
services and payor mix and application of new technologies. See "Risk
Factors--Reimbursement" and "Business--Reimbursement."
The following table sets forth the percentages of total revenues represented
by certain items reflected in the Company's consolidated statements of
operations. The Company's business generally has been unaffected by
seasonality, except for slower growth in revenues during the third quarter of
its fiscal year due to reduced summertime activity.
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
----------------------------
1995 1996 1997
-------- -------- --------
Total revenues................................. 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Operating expenses:
Salaries and related costs.................... 46.4 42.9 40.6
Selling, general and administrative........... 46.7 45.1 43.8
-------- -------- --------
Total operating expenses....................... 93.1 88.0 84.4
Operating income............................... 6.9 12.0 15.6
Net income..................................... 7.1 9.3 9.8
RECENT ACQUISITIONS
IMPATH has successfully completed the acquisition and integration of several
complementary regional businesses which have added to the breadth and depth of
its technological expertise and services. In January 1997, IMPATH-HDC, Inc., a
wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, acquired a cancer testing
24
facility from Oncogenetics, Inc. ("Oncogenetics"), which expanded IMPATH's
business into new growth areas in oncology, such as molecular and cytogenetic
testing for cancer. In February 1997, the Company purchased certain assets of
the oncology division of Immunodiagnostic Laboratories, Inc.
("Immunodiagnostic"). In September 1997, IMPATH acquired certain assets of the
GenCare division of Bio Reference Laboratories Inc. ("GenCare"), a New Jersey-
based cancer laboratory specializing in tissue-based testing and tumor marker
analyses. In October 1997, IMPATH purchased certain assets of Aeron
Biotechnology, Inc. ("Aeron"), a California-based cancer testing facility
specializing in breast cancer prognostic analysis. Additionally, the Company
acquired Aeron's tissue bank containing more than 56,000 analyzed cases, many
of which have detailed historical registry data and corresponding outcomes
information.
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1997 COMPARED WITH YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1996
The Company's total revenues in 1997 and 1996 were $37.1 million and $22.0
million, respectively, representing an increase of $15.1 million, or 68.7%, in
1997. This growth was primarily due to a 58% increase in case volume resulting
from increased sales and marketing activities and to the successful
integration of the Company's acquisitions of certain assets of Oncogenetics,
Immunodiagnostic, GenCare and Aeron. In addition, revenue realization per case
increased as a result of product mix changes towards cases which yield higher
reimbursement rates and payor mix shifts away from direct hospital billing
towards private insurance.
Salaries and related costs in 1997 and 1996 were $15.1 million and $9.4
million, respectively, representing an increase of $5.7 million, or 59.6%, in
1997. This increase was primarily due to direct personnel costs associated
with existing product case volume growth as well as the Company's acquisitions
during 1997. As a percentage of total revenues, salaries and related costs
decreased to 40.6% in 1997 from 42.9% in 1996.
Selling, general and administrative expenses in 1997 and 1996 were $16.2
million and $9.9 million, respectively, representing an increase of $6.3
million, or 63.9%, in 1997. This increase was due to an increase in bad debt
expense of approximately $2.0 million associated with higher revenues, as well
as a payor mix shift from direct hospital billings to private insurance
resulting in higher revenues and patient co-payments that generate higher bad
debt. The Company also incurred $1.5 million in additional selling, general
and administrative expenses associated with the Company's Arizona-based cancer
cytogenetics testing facility which was acquired from Oncogenetics in January
1997. In addition, the Company incurred over $1.4 million in incremental
supply and courier costs due to increased volume and the logistics required to
service the Company's rapidly growing oncology office-based business.
Depreciation and amortization costs increased approximately $734,000 primarily
due to additional capital expenditures, goodwill amortization associated with
the Company's acquisitions and amortization of third-party development costs
for the outcomes database. The Company also incurred higher travel-related
expenses and professional fees associated with expanded sales, marketing and
investor relations activities. As a percentage of total revenues, selling,
general and administrative expenses decreased to 43.8% in 1997 compared to
45.1% in 1996.
Income from operations in 1997 and 1996 was $5.8 million and $2.6 million,
respectively, representing an increase of $3.2 million, or 119.3%, in 1997.
The 1997 figure reflects increased Company operating margins from its core
diagnostic and prognostic services. As a percentage of total revenues, income
from operations increased to 15.6% in 1997 from 12.0% in 1996.
Other income, net for 1997 and 1996 was $716,000 and $1.0 million,
respectively, representing a decrease of approximately $300,000 in 1997. This
decrease was the result of lower investment returns resulting from the use of
the Company's cash and cash equivalents in order to fund the Company's
expansion and database development activities.
25
The tax provision for 1997 of approximately $2.9 million reflects federal,
state and local income tax expense. The 44% effective tax rate is consistent
with the 1996 rate.
Net income in 1997 and 1996 was $3.6 million and $2.0 million, respectively,
representing an increase of $1.6 million, or 78.2%, in 1997 which was due to
the factors described above.
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1996 COMPARED WITH YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1995
The Company's total revenues in 1996 and 1995 were $22.0 million and $14.7
million, respectively, representing an increase of $7.3 million, or 49.3%, in
1996. This growth was primarily attributable to a 28.3% increase in case
volume resulting from increased sales and marketing activities. In addition,
revenue realization per case increased due to payor mix and product mix
changes toward cases that carry a higher reimbursement rate.
Salaries and related costs in 1996 and 1995 were $9.4 million and $6.8
million, respectively, representing an increase of $2.6 million, or 38.1%, in
1996. This increase was primarily attributable to a 32.5% increase in
personnel headcount associated with case volume growth as well as personnel
costs incurred in connection with the Company's expansion. As a percentage of
total revenues, salaries and related costs decreased to 42.9% in 1996 from
46.4% in 1995.
Selling, general and administrative expenses in 1996 and 1995 were $9.9
million and $6.9 million, respectively, representing an increase of $3.0
million, or 44.2%, in 1996. The primary component of this increase was an
increase in bad debt expense of approximately $854,000 associated with
increased revenues, specifically generated from third-party billing. Third-
party revenues have historically had a higher bad debt rate than institutional
revenues. Case volume growth necessitated an increase of $387,000 in
laboratory supplies and consulting fees and a $268,000 increase in automobile
and courier expenses. In addition, rent expense and depreciation and
amortization costs increased $277,000 and $391,000, respectively, due to the
establishment of the Company's California facility and the development of new
clinical and billing operating systems. Additional depreciation costs also
resulted from the Company's expansion and database development activities. The
Company also incurred an additional $283,000 in higher travel and marketing
costs associated with its expanded sales, marketing and investor relations
activities. As a percentage of total revenues, selling, general and
administrative expenses decreased to 45.1% in 1996 from 46.7% in 1995.
Income from operations in 1996 and 1995 was $2.6 million and $1.0 million,
respectively, representing an increase of $1.6 million, or 158.4%, in 1996.
The 1996 figure reflects the effect on operating income of increased revenue
growth and a decrease in operating expenses as a percentage of revenue from
93.1% in 1995 to 88.0% in 1996.
Other income, net for 1996 and 1995 was $1.0 million and $22,000,
respectively, representing an increase of approximately $1.0 million in 1996.
The increase was the result of income generated from trading gains on
marketable securities using the proceeds of the Company's initial public
offering of Common Stock in February 1996, partially offset by increased
interest expense due to additional capital lease obligations.
The tax provision for 1996 of approximately $1.6 million reflects federal,
state and local income tax expense. For 1995, the Company utilized its
remaining net operating losses and recorded deferred tax assets to the extent
of taxes that it had expected to pay on estimated 1995 taxable earnings.
Management believes that realization of such deferred tax assets was more
likely than not. As such, the Company's annual effective tax rate for 1995 was
zero.
As a result, net income in 1996 and 1995 was $2.0 million and $1.0 million,
respectively, representing an increase of $1.0 million, or 96.3%, in 1996. As
a percentage of total revenues, net income increased to 9.3% in 1996 from 7.1%
in 1995.
26
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Since its inception, the Company has raised approximately $32.5 million of
capital through the initial public offering of Common Stock and private
placements of Preferred Stock, all of which was converted into Common Stock at
the closing of the initial public offering in February 1996. The Company's
working capital and capital expenditure needs have increased and are expected
to continue to increase as the Company expands its existing facilities and
pursues its growth strategy. See "Business--Company Strategy."
The Company's cash and cash equivalent balances at December 31, 1997 and
1996 were approximately $325,000 and $942,000, respectively, representing a
decrease of $617,000 in 1997. The Company also had approximately $14.0 million
invested in a portfolio of investment-grade fixed-income securities at
December 31, 1997.
For 1997, net cash generated from operating activities was approximately
$8.4 million. This was the result of cash inflows from the sale of marketable
trading securities of $7.6 million and the Company's net income, partially
offset by increases in accounts receivable, net of allowance for bad debt
provisions of $4.4 million due to rapid sales growth. The Company also reduced
its accounts payable and accrued expenses by $382,000.
During 1997, the Company used approximately $6.2 million of cash to fund its
growth strategy through the acquisition of certain assets of Oncogenetics,
Immunodiagnostic, GenCare and Aeron. See "--Recent Acquisitions." In addition,
the Company had capital expenditures of $4.1 million during 1997, primarily
related to the development of the Company's clinical and billing systems.
The Company received approximately $515,000 during 1997 through the issuance
of Common Stock upon the exercise of incentive stock options and warrants. The
Company used approximately $1.1 million to satisfy its capital lease
obligations.
In November 1997, the Company renewed its line of credit at an aggregate
amount of $2.5 million. Borrowing under the line will bear interest at the
prime rate. The availability of a $10.0 million replacement line of credit,
which was approved in November 1997 and will bear interest at LIBOR plus
2.25%, is subject to the execution of such additional documentation as the
lender may request. As of December 31, 1997, the Company had not drawn on the
line of credit.
The Company's growth strategy is anticipated to be financed through the net
proceeds from a proposed underwritten public offering of 2,000,000 shares of
its Common Stock, its current cash resources and existing third-party credit
facilities. The Company believes the combination of these sources will be
sufficient to fund its operations and to satisfy the Company's cash
requirements for the next 12 months and the foreseeable future. There may be
circumstances, however, that would accelerate the Company's use of its liquid
resources. If this occurs, the Company may, from time to time, incur
additional indebtedness or issue, in public or private transactions, equity or
debt securities. However, there can be no assurance that suitable debt or
equity financing will be available to the Company.
IMPACT OF INFLATION AND CHANGING PRICES
The impact of inflation and changing prices on the Company has been
primarily limited to salary, laboratory and operating supplies and rent
increases and has not been material to date to the Company's operations. In
the future, the Company may not be able to raise the prices for its cases by
an amount sufficient to cover the cost of inflation, although the Company is
responding to these concerns by attempting to increase the volume and adjust
the product mix of its business.
27
YEAR 2000
The Company is in the final stages of the installation of newly developed
clinical and billing information systems which address year 2000 issues. The
Company does not expect the amounts required to be expended over the next three
years in connection with year 2000 compliance issues to have a material effect
on its financial position or results of operations.
ITEM 7. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.
Not applicable.
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA.
For information concerning this item, see Item 14(a) below.
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE.
Not applicable.
PART III
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT.
The following table sets forth certain information regarding the directors
and executive officers of the Company.
NAME AGE POSITION WITH THE COMPANY
- ---- --- -------------------------
Anu D. Saad, Ph.D.(1)........... President, Chief Executive Officer and
41 Director
John P. Gandolfo................ 37 Executive Vice President, Chief Operating
Officer and Chief Financial Officer
Moacyr DaSilva, M.D............. 40 Medical Director, Western Division
Bruce C. Horten, M.D............ 54 Medical Director, Eastern Division
Richard P. Adelson.............. 32 Senior Vice President, Sales and Marketing
John L. Cassis(1)(2)(3)......... 49 Chairman of the Board
Richard J. Cote, M.D.(1)........ 43 Director
Richard Kessler(2)(3)........... 67 Director
Joseph A. Mollica, Ph.D.(3)..... 57 Director
Marcel Rozencweig, M.D. ........ 52 Director
David B. Snow, Jr.(2)........... 43 Director
- --------
(1)Member of the Nominating Committee.
(2)Member of the Compensation Committee.
(3)Member of the Audit Committee.
28
The following is a brief summary of the business experience of each of the
executive officers, key employees and directors of the Company:
Dr. Saad has been the President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company
since October 1993. Prior to that, she was the Company's Scientific Director
and Director of Business Development. Before joining the Company in 1990, Dr.
Saad was Assistant Professor of Cell Biology and Anatomy at Cornell University
Medical College/New York Hospital. Dr. Saad has published extensively and is
the recipient of many awards, including from the National Institute of Health,
Muscular Dystrophy Association, Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, Charles H. Revson
Foundation, Inc. and the American Cancer Society. Dr. Saad received her
Bachelor's Degree in Biology from the University of Pennsylvania and her Ph.D.
in Developmental Biology from the University of Chicago. Dr. Saad has been a
director of the Company since 1993.
Mr. Gandolfo has been Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
of the Company since April 1994 and Chief Operating Officer of the Company
since November 1995. From 1987 through March 1994, Mr. Gandolfo served as
Controller, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Medical
Resources Inc., a publicly held medical diagnostic imaging management company.
Mr. Gandolfo was employed at the accounting firm of Price Waterhouse from 1982
to 1986, and at Dow Jones Telerate, Inc. in 1987. Mr. Gandolfo is a Certified
Public Accountant and received his Bachelor's Degree in Economics and Business
Administration from Rutgers University.
Dr. DaSilva has been Medical Director, Western Division of the Company since
January 1998. Dr. DaSilva served as Associate Medical Director, Eastern
Division of the Company from August 1994 through December 1997. Prior to
joining the Company, Dr. DaSilva was Attending Pathologist and Chief of
Cytopathology at Lenox Hill Hospital, New York. He is Attending Clinical
Professor of Pathology at New
York University and Adjunct Assistant Professor of Pathology at Cornell
Medical College. Dr. DaSilva's area of expertise is surgical pathology with
emphasis on gastrointestinal, pulmonary and head and neck pathology. Dr.
DaSilva received his M.D. from the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
Brazil.
Dr. Horten has been Medical Director, Eastern Division of the Company since
December 1993. Dr. Horten has been a member of the pathology staffs at the
University of California at San Francisco, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer
Center and most recently at Lenox Hill Hospital. He continues to serve as a
consultant at Lenox Hill Hospital and an instructor in pathology at Cornell
University Medical College. Dr. Horten received his anatomic pathology
training at Cornell University Medical College/New York Hospital, his clinical
pathology training at the University of California at San Francisco and
completed a neuropathology fellowship with Lucien Rubinstein at Stanford
University. Dr. Horten received his Bachelor's Degree in Chemistry from Drew
University and his M.D. from Duke University.
Mr. Adelson has been Senior Vice President, Sales and Marketing of the
Company since February 1998. From August 1996 through January 1998, he was
Vice President, Sales of IMPATH. He was Director of Sales of the Company from
August 1994 through August 1996. From January 1992 through August 1994, Mr.
Adelson served the Company as District and Regional Sales Manager for the
New York Metro Region. Prior to joining IMPATH, Mr. Adelson was a Sales
Representative for Surgipath Medical Industries, Inc., a medical equipment
company. Mr. Adelson received his Bachelor's Degree in Biology from the State
University of New York at Albany and studied at the Harvard School of Dental
Medicine.
Mr. Cassis has been the Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Company
since 1993. Mr. Cassis has been a partner in Hambro Health International, Inc.
since 1994. Prior to that, he was a director of Salomon Brothers Inc, where he
co-founded Salomon Brothers Venture Capital in 1986 and headed it from 1990 to
1994. From 1976 to 1981, he was a Managing Director of Ardshiel Associates
Inc., a merchant bank. In 1972, Mr. Cassis was employed by Johnson & Johnson
where he founded the J&J Development Corp., that firm's venture capital arm,
and was J&J's Manager of Acquisitions. Mr. Cassis is currently on the Boards
of Directors of Healthtech Services Inc. and Ilex Oncology Inc., and is
Chairman of the Board of Directors of Dome Imaging Systems, Inc. Mr. Cassis
received his Bachelor's Degree and M.B.A. from Harvard University. Mr. Cassis
has been a director of the Company since 1991.
29
Dr. Cote was one of the founders of IMPATH and is the Company's principal
scientific and strategic consultant. Dr. Cote is Attending Pathologist at the
Kenneth J. Norris Cancer Center and an Associate Professor of Pathology and
Urology at the University of Southern California. He was trained at the
University of Michigan, Cornell University Medical College/New York Hospital
and Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. Dr. Cote holds patents on
monoclonal antibody technology and is a leader in the developmental use of
monoclonal antibodies in cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Dr. Cote is also
known
for his work in breast, prostate and bladder cancers and in the
immunopathological analysis of cancer. Dr. Cote has been or is on the
Scientific Advisory Boards of Johnson & Johnson, Neoprobe Corporation and
Chromavision Medical Systems, Inc., and is a consultant to various national
and international organizations, such as the National Cancer Institute. Dr.
Cote graduated Phi Beta Kappa from the University of California with
Bachelor's Degrees in Biology and Chemistry. He received his M.D. from the
University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine. Dr. Cote has been a
director of the Company since 1988.
Mr. Kessler is a private investor and is President of Empire City Capital
Corporation and President and Managing Partner of various closely held
corporations and partnerships with a broad base of investments. Mr. Kessler
received his Bachelor's Degree in Economics from Colgate University. Mr.
Kessler has been a director of the Company since 1991.
Dr. Mollica is the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Pharmacopeia,
Inc., a Princeton, New Jersey-based company engaged in the field of research
to discover low molecular weight drug compounds using combinatorial chemistry
and automated high throughput screening. Prior to joining Pharmacopeia, Dr.
Mollica was President and Chief Executive Officer of DuPont Merck
Pharmaceutical Company. He also served as Vice President, Medical Products for
DuPont, and Senior Vice President of Ciba-Geigy Corp. Dr. Mollica is currently
on the Boards of Directors of Pharmacopeia, Inc., Neurocrine Biosciences,
Inc., USP, Inc. and the Biotechnology Council of New Jersey. He received his
Bachelor's Degree in Pharmaceutical Chemistry from the University of Rhode
Island and his Master's Degree and Ph.D. in Pharmaceutical and Physical
Chemistry from the University of Wisconsin. Dr. Mollica has been a director of
the Company since 1995.
Dr. Rozencweig has been the Vice President, Strategic & Scientific
Evaluation of the Pharmaceutical Group of Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
("Bristol-Myers") since 1996. From 1983 to 1996, Dr. Rozencweig was Vice
President, Infectious Diseases and Oncology at the Pharmaceutical Research
Institute of Bristol-Myers. Dr. Rozencweig is well known for his work in
medical oncology, new drug development and clinical trial methodology. At
Bristol-Myers, he played a prominent role in the clinical development and
registration strategies of many new anticancer agents and pioneered the
regulatory approach to accelerated approval of new drugs for the treatment of
life-threatening diseases. Dr. Rozencweig has also worked at the National
Cancer Institute of the Jules Bordet Institute and has been a consultant to
the German government for the appropriation of federal resources for cancer
research in Germany. Dr. Rozencweig received his M.D. from the Free University
of Brussels. Dr. Rosencweig has been a director of the Company since August
1997.
Mr. Snow has been the Executive Vice President of Oxford Health Plans, Inc.
since 1993. He is responsible for the Medical Delivery Systems, Medical
Management and Government Programs for the managed health care company, and is
the President of several Oxford subsidiaries. From 1988 through 1992, Mr. Snow
was co-founder and President of Managed Healthcare Systems, Inc. ("MHS"), a
managed health care company committed to the development and operation of
Medicaid managed care programs. Prior to founding MHS, Mr. Snow worked for
U.S. Healthcare Inc. as Chief Operating Officer and subsequently President of
its subsidiary, Health Maintenance Organization of New Jersey, Inc. Mr. Snow
received his Bachelor's Degree in Economics from Bates College and his Masters
Degree in Health Care Administration from Duke University. Mr. Snow has been a
director of the Company since 1995.
30
COMMITTEES OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
The Board of Directors has a Compensation Committee, an Audit Committee and
a Nominating Committee. The members of the Compensation Committee are John L.
Cassis, Richard Kessler and David B. Snow, Jr. The Compensation Committee
makes recommendations to the full Board as to the compensation of senior
management, administers the Company's 1989 Stock Option Plan and the Company's
1997 Long Term Incentive Plan and determines the persons who are to receive
options and the number of shares subject to each option.
The members of the Audit Committee are John L. Cassis, Richard Kessler and
Joseph A. Mollica, Ph.D. The Audit Committee acts as a liaison between the
Board and the independent accountants and annually recommends to the Board the
appointment of the independent accountants. The Audit Committee reviews with
the independent accountants the planning and scope of the audits of the
financial statements, the results of those audits and the adequacy of internal
accounting controls and monitors other corporate and financial policies.
The members of the Nominating Committee are John L. Cassis, Richard J. Cote,
M.D. and Anu D. Saad, Ph.D. The Nominating Committee recommends to the Board
of Directors nominees for election as directors of the Company.
SECTION 16(A) BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP REPORTING COMPLIANCE
Under Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act, directors and officers of the
Company, and persons who own more than ten percent of the Common Stock, are
required to file reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission of their
beneficial ownership of securities of the Company. Directors, officers and
greater than ten percent stockholders are required by Securities and Exchange
Commission regulations to furnish the Company with copies of all Section 16(a)
reports they file.
To the Company's knowledge, based solely on a review of copies of such
reports furnished and confirmation that no other reports were required during
the fiscal year ended December 31, 1997, except as provided below, its
directors, officers and greater than ten precent stockholders complied with
all Section 16(a) filing requirements. Dr Rozencweig was elected as a Director
of the Company in August 1997 and filed his initial report of ownership on
Form 3 in February 1998. Dr. Da Silva was appointed an executive officer of
the Company in January 1998 and filed his initial report of ownership on Form
3 in February 1998. Exercises of options to purchase Common Stock by Dr. Saad
in February 1997 and by Mr. Adelson in October 1997 were reported on their
annual statements of changes in ownership on Form 5 in February 1998. A sale
of shares of Common Stock by Yiatin Chu in July 1997 was reported on her
annual statement of changes in ownership on Form 5 in February 1998.
31
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION.
The following table sets forth information for the fiscal years ended
December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995 concerning the compensation of the Chief
Executive Officer of the Company, and the four other most highly compensated
executive officers of the Company whose total annual salary and bonus exceeded
$100,000 during the fiscal year ended December 31, 1997.
LONG-TERM
COMPEN-
ANNUAL COMPENSATION SATION
------------------- ----------
SHARES ALL OTHER
FISCAL UNDERLYING COMPEN-
NAME AND PRINCIPAL POSITION YEAR SALARY BONUS OPTIONS SATION(1)
- --------------------------- ------ ------------------- ---------- ---------
Anu D. Saad, Ph.D. ............. 1997 $ 210,000 $ 115,000 50,000 $1,931
President and Chief Executive
Officer 1996 190,000 90,000 30,000 1,766
1995 165,000 50,000 -- --
John P. Gandolfo................ 1997 190,000 60,000 42,500 2,248
Executive Vice President, Chief
Operating Officer and Chief 1996 175,000 50,000 25,000 2,041
Financial Officer 1995 140,000 30,000 -- 758
Rogelio R. Rojas-Corona,
M.D.(2)........................ 1997 250,000 -- -- 2,300
Vice President, Medical Affairs
and Medical Director, Western 1996 230,000 -- 10,000 2,300
Division 1995 210,000 -- -- 1,143
Bruce C. Horten, M.D. .......... 1997 230,000 -- 17,000 2,117
Medical Director, Eastern 1996 210,000 -- 7,500 2,150
Division 1995 200,000 -- -- 1,083
Richard P. Adelson.............. 1997 125,000 75,000 30,000 1,618
Vice President of Sales 1996 115,000 65,000 13,000 1,225
1995 90,000 45,000 -- 617
- --------
(1) Consists of contributions made by the Company to the IMPATH Inc. 401(k)
Retirement Savings Plan on behalf of such executive officer.
(2) Dr. Rojas-Corona retired effective January 1, 1998.
32
The following table sets forth the grants of stock options to the executive
officers named in the Summary Compensation Table during the fiscal year ended
December 31, 1997. The amounts shown for each of the named executive officers
as potential realizable values are based on arbitrarily assumed annualized
rates of stock price appreciation of five percent and ten percent over the
exercise price of the options during the full terms of the options. No gain to
the optionees is possible without an increase in stock price which will
benefit all stockholders proportionately. These potential realizable values
are based solely on arbitrarily assumed rates of appreciation required by
applicable Securities and Exchange Commission regulations. Actual gains, if
any, on option exercises and holdings of Common Stock are dependent on the
future performance of the Common Stock and overall stock market conditions.
There can be no assurance that the potential realizable values shown in this
table will be achieved.
OPTION GRANTS IN THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED
INDIVIDUAL GRANTS POTENTIAL REALIZABLE
--------------------------------------------- VALUE AT ASSUMED
% OF TOTAL ANNUAL RATES OF STOCK
OPTIONS PRICE APPRECIATION FOR
OPTIONS GRANTED TO EXERCISE OR OPTION TERM
GRANTED EMPLOYEES BASE PRICE EXPIRATION -----------------------
NAME (#) IN FISCAL YEAR ($/SH) DATE 5% 10%
- ---- ------- -------------- ----------- ---------- ---------- ------------
Anu D. Saad, Ph.D. ..... 25,000 7.3% 18.50 4/11/07 $ 290,875 $ 737,100
25,000 7.3 26.88 12/19/07 422,625 1,071,000
John P. Gandolfo........ 20,000 5.8 18.50 4/11/07 232,700 589,680
22,500 6.6 26.88 12/19/07 380,363 963,900
Rogelio R. Rojas-Corona,
M.D.(1)................ -- -- -- -- -- --
Bruce C. Horten, M.D. .. 17,000 5.0 26.88 12/19/07 287,385 728,280
Richard P. Adelson...... 15,000 4.4 18.50 4/11/07 174,525 442,260
15,000 4.4 26.88 12/19/07 253,575 682,200
DECEMBER 31, 1997
- --------
(1) Dr. Rojas-Corona retired effective January 1, 1998.
The following table sets forth the number of shares of Common Stock acquired
upon the exercise of options by the executive officers of the Company named in
the Summary Compensation Table during 1997, the aggregate market value, net of
exercise price of such shares on the date of such exercise for each such
executive officer and the number and value of options held by such officers at
December 31, 1997.
AGGREGATED OPTION EXERCISES IN LAST FISCAL
YEAR AND FISCAL YEAR END OPTION VALUES
VALUE OF UNEXERCISED
NUMBER OF UNEXERCISED IN-THE-MONEY OPTIONS
SHARES OPTIONS AT AT 1997 FISCAL YEAR
ACQUIRED ON 1997 FISCAL YEAR END (#) END(1)
EXERCISE VALUE ------------------------- -------------------------
NAME (#) REALIZED EXERCISABLE UNEXERCISABLE EXERCISABLE UNEXERCISABLE
- ---- ----------- -------- ----------- ------------- ----------- -------------
Anu D. Saad, Ph.D....... 49,394 $883,446 97,097 77,032 $2,744,804 $1,182,425
John P. Gandolfo........ 6,208 120,797 14,810 63,267 293,296 932,296
Rogelio R. Rojas-Corona,
M.D.(2)................ 21,973 412,359 3,167 6,833 57,861 120,889
Bruce C. Horten, M.D.... -- -- 9,148 24,212 248,578 248,248
Richard P. Adelson...... 5,050 93,064 8,709 39,873 179,232 537,048
- --------
(1) In-the-money options are those where the fair market value of the
underlying Common Stock exceeds the exercise price of the option. The
value of in-the-money options is determined in accordance with regulations
of the Securities and Exchange Commission by subtracting the aggregate
exercise price of the option from the aggregate year-end value of the
underlying Common Stock.
(2) Dr. Rojas-Corona retired effective January 1, 1998.
33
EMPLOYMENT-RELATED AGREEMENTS WITH EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
The Company has entered into employment-related agreements with each of Dr.
Saad, Mr. Gandolfo, Dr. Horten, Dr. Da Silva and Mr. Adelson, the executive
officers of the Company. Each agreement provides that in the event that the
employment of the executive officer is terminated by the Company without cause
or the executive officer terminates his or her employment for good reason, the
Company will continue to pay his or her base salary for one year after
termination, subject to setoff for any cash compensation paid to the executive
officer by any subsequent employer during such one-year period. Each agreement
also provides that the stock options granted to each executive officer prior
to September 12, 1997 will fully vest upon a merger, consolidation or tender
or exchange offer that results or would result in a change in control of the
Company, or the sale of substantially all of the assets of the Company. Each
executive officer is prohibited under his or her agreement from engaging in any
business in competition with the Company during the period of his or her
employment with the Company and for one year thereafter.
COMPENSATION OF DIRECTORS
The Company pays its directors who are not employees of the Company a fee of
$1,000 for each directors' meeting attended. On April 11, 1997, the Company
granted Richard J. Cote, M.D. stock options to purchase 20,000 shares of
Common Stock at a purchase price of $18.50 per share. On December 19, 1997,
the Company granted to Dr. Cote stock options to purchase an additional 7,000
shares of Common Stock at a purchase price of $26.88 per share. The options
granted to Dr. Cote in 1997 vest over a four-year period following the
respective dates of grant. On August 28, 1997, the Company granted to Marcel
Rozencweig, M.D. stock options to purchase 10,632 shares of Common Stock at a
purchase price of $24.75 per share. The options granted to Dr. Rozencweig vest
over a three-year period following the date of grant.
COMPENSATION COMMITTEE
INTERLOCKS AND INSIDER PARTICIPATION
All executive officer compensation decisions have been made by the
Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. The current members of the
Compensation Committee are John L. Cassis, Richard Kessler and David B. Snow,
Jr. All of the current and former members of the Compensation Committee are
and have been independent directors of the Company.
34
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT.
The following table sets forth certain information regarding beneficial
ownership of the Common Stock as of January 31, 1998 by (i) each person who is
known by the Company to own beneficially more than five percent of the Common
Stock, (ii) each of the Company's directors, (iii) each of the Company's five
most highly compensated executive officers and (iv) all executive officers and
directors as a group. Except as otherwise indicated, the persons named in the
table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares
beneficially owned, subject to community property laws where applicable.
SHARES OF
COMMON STOCK PERCENTAGE
NAME AND ADDRESS OF BENEFICIAL OWNER OWNED BENEFICIALLY (1) OWNERSHIP (1)
- ------------------------------------ ---------------------- -------------
Pilgrim Baxter & Associates, Ltd. (2)..... 344,700 5.9%
825 Duportail Road
Wayne, Pennsylvania 19087
Anu D. Saad, Ph.D. (3).................... 172,762 3.1
John P. Gandolfo (4)...................... 28,268 *
Moacyr DaSilva, M.D. (5).................. 8,259 *
Bruce C. Horten, M.D. (6)................. 11,592 *
Richard P. Adelson (7).................... 14,206 *
John L. Cassis (8)........................ 14,367 *
Richard J. Cote, M.D. (9)................. 105,173 1.9
Richard Kessler (10)...................... 133,518 2.4
Joseph A. Mollica, Ph.D. (11)............. 9,155 *
Marcel Rozencweig, M.D. (12).............. 2,067 *
David B. Snow, Jr. (13)................... 9,155 *
All directors and executive officers as a
group (11 persons) (3), (4), (5), (6),
(7), (8), (9), (10), (11), (12), (13).... 508,522 8.9
- --------
* Less than one percent.
(1) Amounts and percentages include outstanding warrants or options which are
exercisable within 60 days after January 31, 1998.
(2) This information is based upon a Report on Schedule 13G filed by this
stockholder with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
(3) Includes 105,118 shares issuable pursuant to currently exercisable stock
options.
(4) Includes 20,135 shares issuable pursuant to currently exercisable stock
options and 213 shares issuable pursuant to currently exercisable
warrants.
(5) Consists of 8,259 shares issuable pursuant to currently exercisable stock
options.
(6) Includes 11,092 shares issuable pursuant to currently exercisable stock
options.
(7) Includes 11,156 shares issuable pursuant to currently exercisable stock
options.
(8) Includes 8,565 shares issuable pursuant to currently exercisable stock
options and 5,000 shares held by Tower Hall Profit Sharing Trust for the
benefit of Mr. Cassis. Does not include shares beneficially owned by
Cross Atlantic Partners K/S, CAP/Hambro, L.P. or CAP/Hambro, Inc., which
shares may be deemed to be beneficially owned by Mr. Cassis. Mr. Cassis
disclaims any such beneficial ownership.
(9) Includes 48,082 shares issuable pursuant to currently exercisable stock
options.
(10) Includes 9,155 shares issuable pursuant to currently exercisable stock
options.
(11) Consists of 9,155 shares issuable pursuant to currently exercisable stock
options.
(12) Consists of 2,067 shares issuable pursuant to currently exercisable stock
options.
(13) Consists of 9,155 shares issuable pursuant to currently exercisable stock
options.
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS.
Not applicable.
35
PART IV
ITEM 14. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES, AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K.
(a) (1) Financial Statements:
The financial statements of the Company contained in this Annual Report
on Form 10-K are listed in the attached Index to Financial Statements.
(2) Financial Statement Schedules:
All schedules have been omitted because they are inapplicable or the
information is provided in the consolidated financial statements, including
the notes thereto.
(3) Exhibits:
The exhibits required filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K
are listed in the attached Index to Exhibits. Exhibits 10.2, 10.3, 10.13,
10.14, 10.15, 10.16 and 10.17 are the management contracts and compensatory
plans or arrangements required to be filed as part of this Annual Report on
Form 10-K.
(b) Current Reports on Form 8-K:
None.
36
POWER OF ATTORNEY
The Registrant and each person whose signature appears below hereby appoint
each of Anu D. Saad, Ph.D. and John P. Gandolfo as attorneys-in-fact with full
power of substitution, severally, to execute in the name and on behalf of the
Registrant and each such person, individually and in each capacity stated
below, one or more amendments to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, which
amendments may make such changes in this Report as the attorney-in-fact acting
in the premises deems appropriate and to file any such amendment to this
Report with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
SIGNATURES
PURSUANT TO THE REQUIREMENTS OF SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, THE REGISTRANT HAS DULY CAUSED THIS REPORT TO BE SIGNED
ON ITS BEHALF BY THE UNDERSIGNED, THEREUNTO DULY AUTHORIZED.
IMPATH Inc.
Dated: March 9, 1998 /s/ Anu D. Saad
By __________________________________
ANU D. SAAD, PH.D.
PRESIDENT AND
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
PURSUANT TO THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, THIS
REPORT HAS BEEN SIGNED BELOW BY THE FOLLOWING PERSONS ON BEHALF OF THE
REGISTRANT AND IN THE CAPACITIES AND ON THE DATES INDICATED.
Dated: March 9, 1998 /s/ Anu D. Saad
By __________________________________
ANU D. SAAD, PH.D.
PRESIDENT, CHIEF EXECUTIVE
OFFICER AND DIRECTOR
Dated: March 9, 1998 /s/ John P. Gandolfo
By __________________________________
JOHN P. GANDOLFO
EXECUTIVE VICE
PRESIDENT, CHIEF OPERATING
OFFICER, CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
AND PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING OFFICER
Dated: March 9, 1998 /s/ John L. Cassis
By __________________________________
JOHN L. CASSIS
CHAIRMAN OF THE
BOARD AND DIRECTOR
Dated: March 9, 1998 /s/ Richard J. Cote
By __________________________________
RICHARD J. COTE, M.D
DIRECTOR
Dated: March 9, 1998 /s/ Richard Kessler
By __________________________________
RICHARD KESSLER
DIRECTOR
/s/ Joseph A. Mollica
Dated: March 9, 1998 By __________________________________
JOSEPH A. MOLLICA, PH.D.
DIRECTOR
Dated: March 9, 1998 /s/ Marcel Rozencweig
By __________________________________
MARCEL ROZENCWEIG, M.D.
DIRECTOR
Dated: March 9, 1998 /s/ David B. Snow, Jr.
By __________________________________
DAVID B. SNOW, JR.
DIRECTOR
37
IMPATH INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 1996 AND 1997
(WITH INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT THEREON)
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Independent Auditors' Report.............................................. F-2
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 1996 and 1997.............. F-3
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31,
1995, 1996 and 1997...................................................... F-4
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the years ended
December 31, 1995, 1996 and 1997......................................... F-5
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31,
1995, 1996 and 1997...................................................... F-7
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements................................ F-8
F-1
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT
The Board of Directors IMPATH Inc.:
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of IMPATH Inc.
and subsidiaries as of December 31, 1996 and 1997, and the related
consolidated statements of operations, stockholders' equity and cash flows for
each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 1997. These
consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's
management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated
financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with generally accepted auditing
standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to
obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial
statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on
a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial
statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used
and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the
overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a
reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above
present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of IMPATH
Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 1996 and 1997, and the results of
their operations and their cash flows for each of the years in the three-year
period ended December 31, 1997 in conformity with generally accepted
accounting principles.
KPMG Peat Marwick LLP
Short Hills, New Jersey
February 6, 1998
F-2
IMPATH INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
DECEMBER 31, 1996 AND 1997
1996 1997
----------- -----------
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents.......................... $ 941,903 $ 325,285
Marketable securities, at market value............. 23,395,398 13,952,148
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful
accounts of $2,732,041 in 1996 and $4,760,117 in
1997.............................................. 7,059,812 11,948,229
Prepaid expenses................................... 152,846 276,073
Deferred tax assets, net........................... 1,359,285 53,427
Other current assets............................... 371,753 703,753
----------- -----------
Total current assets........................... 33,280,997 27,258,915
Fixed assets, less accumulated depreciation and
amortization........................................ 3,391,965 10,475,575
Deposits and other assets............................ 98,878 334,167
Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of
$22,431 in 1996 and $383,534 in 1997................ 809,542 8,273,636
----------- -----------
Total assets................................... $37,581,382 $46,342,293
=========== ===========
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Current portion of capital lease obligations....... $ 704,399 $ 1,222,281
Current portion of note payable.................... -- 700,000
Accounts payable................................... 742,020 956,648
Construction payments payable...................... -- 1,542,199
Income taxes payable............................... 692,193 158,094
Accrued expenses................................... 374,761 728,353
----------- -----------
Total current liabilities...................... 2,513,373 5,307,575
----------- -----------
Capital lease obligations, net of current portion.... 1,430,104 2,451,587
Note payable, net of current portion................. -- 274,000
Stockholders' equity:
Common stock, $.005 par value. Authorized
20,000,000 shares; 5,322,286 and 5,458,827 shares
issued in 1996 and 1997, respectively; 5,315,198
and 5,451,739 shares outstanding in 1996 and 1997,
respectively...................................... 26,611 27,294
Additional paid-in capital......................... 32,357,260 33,893,774
Retained earnings.................................. 1,498,878 5,148,077
Unrealized net depreciation of marketable
securities........................................ -- (83,881)
----------- -----------
33,882,749 38,985,264
Less:
Cost of 7,088 shares of common stock held in
treasury........................................ (100) (100)
Notes receivable from stockholders............... (28,421) --
Deferred compensation............................ (216,323) (676,033)
----------- -----------
Commitments and Contingencies
Total stockholders' equity..................... 33,637,905 38,309,131
----------- -----------
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity..... $37,581,382 $46,342,293
=========== ===========
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-3
IMPATH INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1995, 1996 AND 1997
1995 1996 1997
----------- ----------- -----------
Revenues:
Net diagnostic and prognostic
services............................. $14,578,326 $21,755,193 $36,821,738
Contract laboratory services.......... 135,238 210,270 241,743
----------- ----------- -----------
Total revenues...................... 14,713,564 21,965,463 37,063,481
----------- ----------- -----------
Operating expenses:
Salaries and related costs............ 6,830,210 9,432,397 15,056,221
Selling, general and administrative... 6,862,503 9,895,084 16,222,332
----------- ----------- -----------
Total operating expenses............ 13,692,713 19,327,481 31,278,553
----------- ----------- -----------
Income from operations.............. 1,020,851 2,637,982 5,784,928
Interest income......................... 102,711 506,086 677,109
Interest expense........................ (80,373) (224,112) (339,903)
Gains on marketable securities, net..... -- 747,903 379,001
----------- ----------- -----------
Income before income tax expense.... 1,043,189 3,667,859 6,501,135
Income tax expense...................... -- 1,620,309 2,851,936
----------- ----------- -----------
Net income.......................... 1,043,189 2,047,550 3,649,199
Accrued dividends on preferred stock.... (478,000) (82,346) --
----------- ----------- -----------
Net income available to common
stockholders........................... $ 565,189 $ 1,965,204 $ 3,649,199
=========== =========== ===========
Per common and common equivalent share:
Basic:
Net income per common share........... $ 0.36 $ 0.41 $ 0.68
=========== =========== ===========
Weighted average common and common
equivalent shares outstanding........ 2,921,000 4,961,000 5,398,000
=========== =========== ===========
Dilutive:
Net income per common share--assuming
dilution............................. $ 0.31 $ 0.38 $ 0.63
=========== =========== ===========
Weighted average common and common
equivalent shares outstanding--
assuming dilution.................... 3,371,000 5,404,000 5,809,000
=========== =========== ===========
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-4
IMPATH INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1995, 1996 AND 1997
NONREDEEMABLE
CONVERTIBLE ADDITIONAL (ACCUMULATED NOTES
COMMON STOCK PREFERRED STOCK PAID-IN DEFICIT) UNREALIZED NET RECEIVABLE
----------------- ----------------------- CAPITAL RETAINED DEPRECIATION TREASURY FROM
SHARES AMOUNT SHARES AMOUNT (DEFICIENCY) EARNINGS OF SECURITIES STOCK STOCKHOLDERS
--------- ------- ---------- ----------- ------------ ------------ -------------- -------- ------------
Balance at
December 31,
1994............ 439,113 $ 2,195 -- $ -- $(1,676,111) $(1,591,861) $ -- $(100) $ --
Common shares
issued upon
exercise of
stock options... 6,443 33 -- -- 6,122 -- -- -- --
Common shares
issued as
compensation for
services
rendered........ 9,451 47 -- -- 23,959 -- -- -- --
Preferred stock
issuance........ -- -- 1,612,904 1,911,879 -- -- -- -- (33,085)
Accrual of
preferred stock
dividends on
redeemable
preferred
stock........... -- -- -- -- (46,808) -- -- -- --
Restructuring of
redeemable
preferred stock
in conjunction
with Series D
preferred stock
issuance........ -- -- 5,579,820 4,653,406 1,799,909 -- -- -- --
Accrual of
preferred stock
dividends....... -- -- -- -- (478,000) -- -- -- --
Compensation
associated with
issuance of
options......... -- -- -- -- 382,376 -- -- -- --
Amortization of
deferred
compensation.... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Repayments of
loans to
stockholders.... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1,750
Net income for
the year ended
December 31, 1995.. -- -- -- -- -- 1,043,189 -- -- --
--------- ------- ---------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----- ----- -------
Balance at
December 31,
1995............ 455,007 2,275 7,192,724 6,565,285 11,447 (548,672) -- (100) (31,335)
Common shares
issued upon
exercise of
stock options... 75,846 379 -- -- 124,302 -- -- -- --
Accrual of
preferred stock
dividends on
redeemable
preferred
stock........... -- -- -- -- (82,346) -- -- -- --
Conversion of
redeemable
preferred stock
into common
stock........... 2,548,933 12,745 (7,192,724) (6,565,285) 6,552,540 -- -- -- --
Common shares
issued in the
initial public
offering........ 2,242,500 11,212 -- -- 25,726,054 -- -- -- --
Compensation
associated with
issuance of
options to non-
employees....... -- -- -- -- 25,263 -- -- -- --
Amortization of
deferred
compensation.... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Repayment of
loans to
stockholders.... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 2,914
Net income for
the year ended
December 31, 1996.. -- -- -- -- -- 2,047,550 -- -- --
--------- ------- ---------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----- ----- -------
Balance at
December 31,
1996............ 5,322,286 26,611 -- -- 32,357,260 1,498,878 -- (100) (28,421)
DEFERRED
COMPEN-
SATION TOTAL
--------- ------------
Balance at
December 31,
1994............ $ -- $(3,265,877)
Common shares
issued upon
exercise of
stock options... -- 6,155
Common shares
issued as
compensation for
services
rendered........ -- 24,006
Preferred stock
issuance........ -- 1,878,794
Accrual of
preferred stock
dividends on
redeemable
preferred
stock........... -- (46,808)
Restructuring of
redeemable
preferred stock
in conjunction
with Series D
preferred stock
issuance........ -- 6,453,315
Accrual of
preferred stock
dividends....... -- (478,000)
Compensation
associated with
issuance of
options......... (382,376) --
Amortization of
deferred
compensation.... 38,469 38,469
Repayments of
loans to
stockholders.... -- 1,750
Net income for
the year ended
December 31, 1995.. -- 1,043,189
--------- ------------
Balance at
December 31,
1995............ (343,907) 5,654,993
Common shares
issued upon
exercise of
stock options... -- 124,681
Accrual of
preferred stock
dividends on
redeemable
preferred
stock........... -- (82,346)
Conversion of
redeemable
preferred stock
into common
stock........... -- --
Common shares
issued in the
initial public
offering........ -- 25,737,266
Compensation
associated with
issuance of
options to non-
employees....... -- 25,263
Amortization of
deferred
compensation.... 127,584 127,584
Repayment of
loans to
stockholders.... -- 2,914
Net income for
the year ended
December 31, 1996.. -- 2,047,550
--------- ------------
Balance at
December 31,
1996............ (216,323) 33,637,905
(Continued)
F-5
IMPATH INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY--(CONTINUED)
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1995, 1996 AND 1997
NONREDEEMABLE
CONVERTIBLE ADDITIONAL (ACCUMULATED NOTES
COMMON STOCK PREFERRED STOCK PAID-IN DEFICIT) UNREALIZED NET RECEIVABLE DEFERRED
----------------- ----------------- CAPITAL RETAINED DEPRECIATION TREASURY FROM COMPEN-
SHARES AMOUNT SHARES AMOUNT (DEFICIENCY) EARNINGS OF SECURITIES STOCK STOCKHOLDERS SATION
--------- ------- ------- -------- ------------ ------------ -------------- -------- ------------ ---------
Balance at
December 31,
1996............ 5,322,286 $26,611 -- $ -- $32,357,260 $1,498,878 $ -- $(100) $(28,421) $(216,323)
Common shares
issued upon
exercise of
stock options... 125,357 627 -- -- 474,862 -- -- -- -- --
Common shares
issued upon
exercise of
warrant......... 11,184 56 -- -- 39,086 -- -- -- -- --
Compensation
associated with
issuance of
options to non-
employees....... -- -- -- -- 679,752 -- -- -- -- (679,752)
Issuance of
options related
to Immunopath
acquisition..... -- -- -- -- 191,218 -- -- -- -- --
Tax benefit
related to stock
option
exercises....... -- -- -- -- 171,531 -- -- -- -- --
Repayment of
officer loans... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 28,421 --
Amortization of
deferred
compensation.... -- -- -- -- (19,935) -- -- -- -- 220,042
Change in
unrealized net
depreciation of
securities...... -- -- -- -- -- -- (83,881) -- -- --
Net income for
the year ended
December 31,
1997............ -- -- -- -- -- 3,649,199 -- -- -- --
--------- ------- ------ -------- ----------- ---------- -------- ----- -------- ---------
Balance at
December 31,
1997............ 5,458,827 $27,294 -- $ -- $33,893,774 $5,148,077 $(83,881) $(100) $ -- $(676,033)
========= ======= ====== ======== =========== ========== ======== ===== ======== =========
TOTAL
------------
Balance at
December 31,
1996............ $33,637,905
Common shares
issued upon
exercise of
stock options... 475,489
Common shares
issued upon
exercise of
warrant......... 39,142
Compensation
associated with
issuance of
options to non-
employees....... --
Issuance of
options related
to Immunopath
acquisition..... 191,218
Tax benefit
related to stock
option
exercises....... 171,531
Repayment of
officer loans... 28,421
Amortization of
deferred
compensation.... 200,107
Change in
unrealized net
depreciation of
securities...... (83,881)
Net income for
the year ended
December 31,
1997............ 3,649,199
------------
Balance at
December 31,
1997............ $38,309,131
============
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-6
IMPATH INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1995, 1996 AND 1997
1995 1996 1997
----------- ----------- ----------
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income.............................. $ 1,043,189 $ 2,047,550 $3,649,199
Adjustments to reconcile net income to
net cash provided by (used in)
operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization.......... 395,901 786,852 1,521,251
Provision for uncollectible accounts
receivable............................ 1,580,733 2,434,511 4,390,581
Non-cash compensation.................. 38,469 152,847 200,107
Deferred tax benefit................... (505,000) (854,285) 1,305,858
Changes in assets and liabilities (net
of the effects of acquisitions):
Increase in accounts receivable....... (2,812,333) (5,686,947) (8,803,998)
Increase in prepaid expenses and other
current assets....................... (150,254) (251,238) (455,227)
Increase in deposits and other
assets............................... (30,833) (18,917) (235,289)
(Increase) decrease in marketable
securities........................... -- (23,395,398) 7,569,853
Increase (decrease) in accounts
payable/accrued expenses............. 891,634 (381,951) (381,729)
Increase (decrease) in income taxes
payable.............................. 63,401 613,778 (362,568)
----------- ----------- ----------
Total adjustments..................... (528,282) (26,600,748) 4,748,839
----------- ----------- ----------
Net cash provided by (used in) operating
activities.............................. 514,907 (24,553,198) 8,398,038
----------- ----------- ----------
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of marketable securities...... -- -- (1,122,368)
Sales/maturities of marketable
securities............................. -- -- 2,911,884
Acquisitions of businesses.............. (19,955) (800,000) (6,185,030)
Capital expenditures.................... (737,239) (434,324) (4,063,195)
----------- ----------- ----------
Net cash used in investing activities.... (757,194) (1,234,324) (8,458,709)
----------- ----------- ----------
Cash flows from financing activities:
Issuance of common stock................ 30,161 25,861,947 514,631
(Increase) decrease in registration
costs.................................. (746,462) 746,462 --
Issuance of preferred stock............. 1,911,879 -- --
Payment of dividends on preferred
stock.................................. -- (560,346) --
Proceeds from bank loan................. 300,000 -- --
Repayments of bank loan................. (164,667) (283,333) --
Payments of capital lease obligations... (159,911) (550,914) (1,098,999)
Issuance of loans to stockholders....... (33,085) -- --
Repayments of loans to stockholders..... 1,750 2,914 28,421
----------- ----------- ----------
Net cash provided by (used in) financing
activities.............................. 1,139,665 25,216,730 (555,947)
----------- ----------- ----------
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash
equivalents............................. 897,378 (570,792) (616,618)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of
year.................................... 615,317 1,512,695 941,903
----------- ----------- ----------
Cash and cash equivalents at end of
year.................................... $ 1,512,695 $ 941,903 $ 325,285
=========== =========== ==========
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow
information:
Cash paid during the period for income
taxes.................................. $ 441,599 $ 1,941,013 $1,771,044
=========== =========== ==========
Cash paid during the period for
interest............................... $ 80,373 $ 224,112 $ 339,963
=========== =========== ==========
Fixed assets acquired pursuant to
capital leases......................... $ 1,121,979 $ 1,417,569 $2,638,364
=========== =========== ==========
Note payable related to acquisition of
business............................... $ -- $ -- $ 974,000
=========== =========== ==========
Accrual of dividends on preferred
stock.................................. $ 524,808 $ 82,346 $ --
=========== =========== ==========
Forgiveness of dividends on preferred
stock.................................. $ 1,799,909 $ -- $ --
=========== =========== ==========
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-7
IMPATH INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(1) ORGANIZATION
IMPATH Inc. (the "Company") was incorporated on March 1, 1988 under the laws
of the State of Delaware. The Company was organized for the purpose of
establishing a specialized facility dedicated to the use of the most
sophisticated technologies to provide diagnostic and prognostic information
to physicians specializing in cancer. The Company conducts these analyses by
utilizing immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry and image analysis, molecular
pathology, cytogenetics and serum analysis technologies. The Company's
affiliates include IMPATH-HDC, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary which comprises
the Company's cytogenetics testing facility; IMPATH Information Services,
Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary, and a 50%-owned limited liability company,
IMPATH Registry L.L.C. IMPATH Information Services, Inc. and IMPATH Registry
L.L.C. will facilitate the Company's ongoing effort to link its diagnostic and
prognostic information to patient outcomes data and provide referring
physicians with patient-specific treatment pathways. The consolidated
financial statements include the accounts of all the majority-owned
subsidiaries. All intercompany balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
The Company's revenues are derived through:
Diagnostic and prognostic analytical services to hospitals, medical
centers, clinical laboratories and physicians; and
Monoclonal antibody and molecular probe characterization services to
biotechnology companies and other researchers.
The Company submits its invoices for diagnostic and prognostic analytical
services to its clients, primary and secondary insurers, or individual
patients. The Company does not require collateral from its clients as security
for payment of its invoices.
(2) SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
(a) Cash Equivalents
Cash equivalents consist principally of money market funds at December 31,
1996 and 1997. For purposes of the consolidated statements of cash flows, the
Company considers all highly liquid debt instruments with original maturities
of three months or less to be cash equivalents.
(b) Marketable Securities
In accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No.
115 through September 30, 1997 the Company's investments (consisting primarily
of government and corporate fixed income securities) were classified as
trading securities and were stated at fair market value at each balance sheet
date with unrealized gains, net, in the amount of $80,720 for the year ended
December 31, 1996 (and unrealized gains, net, of $404,970 for the nine-month
period ended September 30, 1997) reported in the accompanying consolidated
statements of operations. Effective October 1, 1997, due to a change in the
Company's investment strategy, the portfolio of securities are now considered
available for sale as prescribed by SFAS No. 115. As a result, unrealized
depreciation since October 1, 1997 is recorded as a separate component of
stockholders' equity, net of related deferred taxes.
(c) Fixed Assets
Fixed assets are stated at cost. Depreciation of furniture, fixtures,
laboratory equipment and personal computers is provided over their estimated
useful lives (which range from three to seven years) using the straight-line
method, and leasehold improvements are being amortized over the shorter of the
related lease term or the lives of the improvements using the straight-line
method.
F-8
IMPATH INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED)
Software development costs represent external costs capitalized for software
developed to meet the specific needs of the Company. These costs are being
amortized over a five- to seven-year period using the straight-line method.
(d) Revenue Recognition
Revenues are recognized on an accrual basis as earned at such time as the
Company has completed performance of its diagnostic or prognostic services.
Revenue is reported at the estimated net realizable amounts from patients,
third-party and government payors, and others for services rendered, including
estimated retroactive adjustments under reimbursement agreements with certain
payors. Retroactive adjustments are accrued on an estimated basis in the
period the related services are rendered and adjusted in future periods as
final settlements are determined.
Laws and regulations related to government programs are complex and subject
to interpretation. The Company believes that it is in compliance with all
applicable laws and regulations and is not aware of any pending or threatened
investigations involving allegations of potential wrongdoing. While no such
regulatory inquiries have been made, compliance with such laws and regulations
can be subject to future government review and interpretation.
(e) Intangible Assets
The excess of cost over net assets acquired (goodwill) is being amortized on
a straight-line basis over a period of up to fifteen years. Other acquired
intangibles, the majority being customer lists, are being amortized over their
estimated useful lives of between seven to fifteen years.
(f) Income Taxes
Income taxes are provided pursuant to the asset and liability method as
described in SFAS No. 109. SFAS No. 109 requires that the Company recognize
deferred tax liabilities and assets for the expected future tax consequences
of events that have been included in the consolidated financial statements or
tax returns. Under SFAS No. 109, deferred tax assets and liabilities are
determined on the basis of the difference between the tax basis of assets and
liabilities and their respective financial reporting amounts ("temporary
differences") at enacted tax rates in effect for the years in which the
differences are expected to reverse.
(g) Concentration of Credit Risks
The Company invests its cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities in
deposits with money market funds of major U.S. financial institutions, and
fixed income securities. The Company has established guidelines relative to
diversification and maturities that maintain safety and liquidity. To date,
the Company has not experienced any significant losses on its cash, cash
equivalents and marketable securities.
(h) Equity Security Transactions
From inception through the Company's initial public offering in February
1996 (the "IPO"), the Board of Directors had established the fair value of
common shares, Series A, B, C and D mandatorily redeemable convertible
preferred stock, stock options and warrants based on facts and circumstances
existing at the dates such equity transactions occurred, including the price
at which equity instruments were sold to independent third parties. Subsequent
to the IPO, fair market value of equity instruments is determined based on the
quoted market price of the Company's stock.
F-9
IMPATH INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED)
(i) Stock-Based Compensation
In accordance with SFAS No. 123,"Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation,"
the Company has chosen to continue to account for stock-based compensation
using the intrinsic value method prescribed in Accounting Principles Board
Opinion No. 25,"Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees," and related
Interpretations. Accordingly, compensation cost for stock options is measured
as the excess, if any, of the market price of the Company's stock at the date
of grant over the amount an employee must pay to acquire the stock. Such
amounts are amortized over the respective vesting periods of the option grant.
The Company uses the fair value-based method of accounting for stock-based
compensation to non-employees. Under the fair value-based method, compensation
cost is measured at the grant date based on the value of the award and is
recognized over the vesting period.
(j) Net Income Per Common Share
SFAS No. 128, "Earnings per Share," which became effective in 1997, requires
presentation of two calculations of earnings per common share. "Basic"
earnings per common share equal net income divided by weighted average common
shares outstanding during the period. "Dilutive" earnings per common share
equal net income divided by the sum of weighted average common shares
outstanding during the period plus common stock equivalents. Common stock
equivalents are shares assumed to be issued if outstanding stock options and
warrants were exercised. Common stock equivalents that are anti-dilutive are
excluded from net income per common share. All prior period amounts have been
restated to reflect these calculations.
The calculation of shares used in computing net income per common share for
both the basic and dilutive calculations has included all series of
mandatorily redeemable preferred stock assuming conversion into shares of
common stock from their respective original dates of issuance. For periods
prior to the Company's IPO, net income per common share--assuming dilution is
based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding
including common equivalent shares from stock options and warrants. All stock
options and warrants issued during the one-year period prior to the IPO at
prices below the anticipated IPO price are presumed to have been issued in
contemplation of the IPO and have been included in the calculation of net
income per common share as if they were outstanding for all periods presented.
Following is a reconciliation of the shares used in calculating basic and
dilutive net income per common share (net income as reported is the numerator
in each calculation):
1995 1996 1997
--------- --------- ---------
Weighted average common shares outstanding... 372,000 4,536,000 5,398,000
Effect of assumed conversion of preferred
stock....................................... 2,549,000 425,000 --
--------- --------- ---------
Weighted average common and common equivalent
shares outstanding.......................... 2,921,000 4,961,000 5,398,000
Effect of dilutive securities--options....... 450,000 443,000 411,000
--------- --------- ---------
Weighted average common and common equivalent
shares outstanding--assuming dilution....... 3,371,000 5,404,000 5,809,000
========= ========= =========
(k) Use of Estimates
Management of the Company has made a number of estimates and assumptions
relating to the reporting of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of
contingent assets and liabilities to prepare these consolidated financial
statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles. Actual
results could differ from those estimates.
F-10
IMPATH INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED)
(l) Long-Lived Assets
In 1996, the Company adopted SFAS No. 121, "Accounting for the Impairment of
Long-Lived Assets and for Long-Lived Assets to Be Disposed of." The statement
establishes accounting standards for the impairment of long-lived assets,
certain identifiable intangibles, and goodwill related to those assets. There
was no material effect on the financial statements in 1996 or 1997 related to
this statement.
(3) FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
SFAS No. 107,"Disclosure about Fair Value of Financial Instruments," defines
the fair value of a financial instrument as the amount at which the instrument
could be exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties.
The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable,
accounts payable, income taxes payable, note payable, capital lease
obligations and accrued expenses approximate fair value because of the short
maturity of those instruments. Fair values of investments in marketable
securities are based on quoted market prices.
(4) BUSINESS AND CREDIT CONCENTRATIONS
Accounts receivable, by payor class, as a percentage of total net
receivables at December 31, 1996 and 1997 are as follows:
1996 1997
---- ----
Medicare......................................................... 24% 17%
Commercial insurance............................................. 37 42
Hospitals, clinics and other institutions........................ 31 24
Patients......................................................... 8 17
--- ---
100% 100%
=== ===
(5) FIXED ASSETS
At December 31, 1996 and 1997, fixed assets consist of the following:
1996 1997
---------- -----------
Personal computers................................... $ 775,895 $ 2,150,760
Software development costs........................... 1,106,653 3,937,576
Furniture, fixtures and laboratory equipment......... 2,361,093 3,402,770
Leasehold improvements............................... 720,915 764,202
Construction in progress............................. -- 2,953,006
---------- -----------
4,964,556 13,208,314
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization....... 1,572,591 2,732,739
---------- -----------
$3,391,965 $10,475,575
========== ===========
Included in the above at December 31, 1996 and 1997 are gross assets under
capital leases of approximately $2,894,477 and $5,532,841, respectively, and
the related accumulated amortization at such dates is approximately $921,200
and $1,500,515, respectively.
F-11
IMPATH INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED)
(6) ACQUISITIONS
In May 1995, the Company acquired the assets and assumed certain liabilities
of OncoCare, a serum analysis facility located in California, for a total
purchase price of $20,000 plus assumed liabilities of $73,000. The acquisition
resulted in goodwill of $31,973. The results of operations of OncoCare are
included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements from the date
of acquisition.
In October 1996, the Company entered into an agreement with Oncogenetics
Inc. to purchase customer lists pertaining to its diagnostic and prognostic
cancer business for a sum of $800,000. In conjunction with this purchase the
Company obtained the option to purchase the cytogenetics business of the
seller for $1, plus assumption of a $750,000 note payable (which was paid just
after the transaction). The option was exercised in January 1997.
In February 1997, the Company purchased certain assets of Immunodiagnostic
Laboratories, Inc. ("Immunodiagnostic"), which operates an oncology division
specializing in sophisticated cancer analytical assays, in order to provide
diagnostic and prognostic information to pathologists, oncologists and others
specializing in cancer. The purchase price included an initial payment at
closing of $425,000 plus the issuance of options to purchase 20,000 shares of
the Company's common stock at $17.44 per share (estimated value of $191,218).
In September 1997, the Company acquired certain assets of GenCare for an
initial payment of $4,600,000. GenCare is a New Jersey-based cancer laboratory
specializing in tissue-based testing and tumor marker analyses.
In October 1997, the Company purchased certain assets of Aeron
Biotechnology, Inc. ("Aeron"), a California-based cancer testing facility
specializing in breast cancer prognostic analysis. The purchase price for
Aeron included an initial payment of $376,000 made at closing. Additionally,
the Company paid $180,000 for certain other assets owned by Aeron.
The acquisitions of Immunodiagnostic, GenCare and Aeron all have an
individual contingent purchase price arrangement based on the future operating
results of the respective business. Such payments will range from $974,000 to
$1,890,000 and bear interest at 9% per annum. The Company has recorded the
minimum amount in notes payable on the accompanying December 31, 1997
consolidated balance sheet.
The aggregate acquisitions in 1997 were all treated as purchases with the
results of operations of each transaction being included in the consolidated
results from the respective acquisition date. The incremental operating
results were not material to the results of operation of the Company. The
purchase prices represented primarily payments for customer lists, which are
included in intangible assets on the accompanying December 31, 1997
consolidated balance sheet and will be amortized over periods of up to fifteen
years.
(7) ACCRUED EXPENSES
Accrued expenses are comprised of the following as of December 31, 1996 and
1997:
1996 1997
-------- --------
Salaries and related costs................................ $230,099 $345,000
Other accrued expenses.................................... 144,662 383,353
-------- --------
$374,761 $728,353
======== ========
F-12
IMPATH INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED)
(8) INDEBTEDNESS AND FINANCING COMMITMENTS
On September 21, 1995, the Company entered into a $300,000 term loan which
was repaid in 1996. The Company maintains a line of credit with The Chase
Manhattan Bank in the aggregate amount of $2,500,000, which bears interest at
the prime rate and expires on June 30, 1998. The Company has been approved for
a $10,000,000 replacement line of credit, subject to completion of certain
documentation requirements of the bank. Borrowings, if any, would bear
interest at LIBOR plus 2.25%. As of December 31, 1996 and 1997, there were no
amounts outstanding under the line of credit.
(9) STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(a) Common Stock
On October 13, 1995, the Board of Directors authorized the Company to file a
registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission to register
shares of its common stock in connection with an initial public offering. Such
offering was consummated on February 26, 1996 for a total of 2,242,500 common
shares at an offering price of $13 per share. The net proceeds to the Company
amounted to approximately $25,737,000.
(b) Preferred Stock
Effective February 10, 1995, the Company sold 1,612,904 shares of its 8%
Series D Convertible Participating Preferred Stock and warrants to purchase
42,529 shares of its common stock at $3.50 per share for an aggregate sales
price of $2,000,000 (before issuance costs). The warrants are exercisable for
a period of six years. In 1997, 11,184 of such warrants were exercised and in
January 1998 another 29,331 were exercised. No value was ascribed to these
warrants for financial reporting purposes as the Company believes such amount
would not be material to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
The holders of this preferred stock had the right to convert their shares into
shares of common stock, subject to certain adjustments. Concurrent with the
issuance of the 8% Series D Convertible Participating Preferred Stock and
common stock warrants, the terms of the outstanding Series A, B and C
Redeemable Preferred Stock were revised, resulting in the elimination of all
previously existing redemption rights, elimination of all previously accrued
dividends in the amount of $1,799,909 and a change in the future dividend rate
from 9% to 8%.
In June 1988 and March 1990, the Company sold 1,776,318 and 100,000 shares,
respectively, of its Series A 9% Convertible Preferred Stock (subsequently
amended to 8%) with a par value of $.01 per share for $1,350,000 (before
issuance costs) and $76,000, respectively.
In March 1990, the Company issued 668,182 shares of its Series B 9%
Convertible Preferred Stock (subsequently amended to 8%; terms are
substantially identical to those of the Series A 8% Convertible Preferred
Stock) for an aggregate consideration of $587,998 (before issuance costs).
In March 1991, the Company issued 1,638,887 shares of its Series C 9%
Convertible Preferred Stock (subsequently amended to 8%; terms are
substantially identical to those of the Series A 8% Convertible Preferred
Stock) for an aggregate consideration of $1,475,000 (before issuance costs).
In June and July 1993, the Company issued 1,396,433 additional shares of its
Series C 9% Convertible Preferred Stock (subsequently amended to 8%) for an
aggregate consideration of $1,256,789.
Upon the consummation of the Company's IPO on February 26, 1996, all
preferred shares were converted into 2,548,933 shares of common stock and all
accrued dividends commencing February 10, 1995, totaling approximately
$560,000, were paid.
(c) Stock Option Plans
In February 1989, the Company adopted (and subsequently amended) a Stock
Option Plan (the "Plan") which provides for granting to certain key employees
of the Company, directors and
F-13
IMPATH INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED)
consultants, options to purchase up to 884,688 shares of common stock. Options
granted are exercisable over a period not to exceed ten years and generally
vest over five years.
In August 1995, four directors were granted options to purchase a total of
42,528 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $3.50 per share under
the Company's Stock Option Plan, which vest ratably over 36 months. Management
of the Company estimated the fair market value of the underlying common stock
to be approximately $8.00 per share and, accordingly, recorded deferred
compensation of $191,000, which amount is being amortized ratably over the
vesting period. In October 1995, three additional directors were granted
options to purchase a total of 31,896 shares of common stock at an exercise
price of $3.50 per share, which vest ratably over 36 months.
Management of the Company estimated fair market value of the underlying
common stock to be approximately $9.50 per share and, accordingly, recorded
deferred compensation of $191,000, which amount is being amortized ratably
over the vesting period.
In April 1997, the Company adopted the IMPATH Inc. 1997 Long-Term Incentive
Plan (the "Incentive Plan"), which provides for granting to certain key
employees of the Company, directors and consultants, options to purchase up to
300,000 shares of common stock. Options granted are exercisable over a period
not to exceed ten years and generally vest over four years. Options to
purchase 79,000 shares were granted under the Incentive Plan in 1997 to
consultants, resulting in $679,752 of compensation expense which will be
amortized over the vesting period of the options.
In October 1995, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued SFAS No.
123, which was adopted by the Company in 1996. The Company has elected not to
implement the fair value based accounting method for employee stock options,
but has elected to disclose the pro forma net income and earnings per share as
if such method had been used to account for stock-based compensation cost as
described in the Statement.
The per share weighted-average fair value of stock options granted during
1996 and 1997 was $8.10 and $14.88, respectively, on the dates of grant using
the Black Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted-average
assumptions: 1996--expected dividend yield 0%, risk-free interest rate of
6.5%, expected volatility of 60% and an expected life of 7 years; 1997--
expected dividend yield 0%, risk- free interest rate of 7.0%, expected
volatility of 60% and an expected life of 7 years.
The Company applies APB Opinion No. 25 in accounting for its options and,
accordingly, no compensation cost has been recognized for its stock options
issued at exercise prices equal to the fair market value of the stock on the
grant date, with the exception of certain stock options issued in 1996 and
1997 to nonemployees as previously described.
Had the Company determined compensation cost based on the fair value at the
grant date for its stock options under SFAS No 123, the Company's net income
would have been reduced to the pro forma amounts indicated below:
1996 1997
---------- ----------
Net income................................ As reported $2,047,550 $3,649,199
Pro forma $1,903,858 $3,211,328
Net income per share--assuming dilution... As reported $ 0.38 $ 0.63
Pro forma $ 0.37 $ 0.55
F-14
IMPATH INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED)
Pro forma net income reflects only options granted in 1995 through 1997.
Therefore, the full impact of calculating compensation cost for stock options
under SFAS No. 123 is not reflected in the pro forma net income amounts
presented above because compensation cost is reflected over the options'
vesting period and compensation cost for options granted prior to January 1,
1995 is not considered.
The following is a summary of option activity during the years ended
December 31, 1995, 1996 and 1997:
WEIGHTED-
SHARES AVERAGE
UNDER PRICE EXERCISE
OPTIONS RANGE ($) PRICE ($)
-------- ------------ ---------
Options outstanding at
December 31, 1994...... 429,886 $ 0.28-3.50 $1.98
Granted................. 126,692 3.50-8.00 4.21
Exercised............... (6,444) 0.56-3.50 0.96
Canceled................ (16,777) 0.56-3.50 0.56
--------
Options outstanding at
December 31, 1995...... 533,357 0.28-8.00 2.57
Granted................. 247,077 11.13-18.38 14.05
Exercised............... (75,846) 0.28-13.00 1.66
Canceled................ (14,962) 2.15-13.00 5.62
--------
Options outstanding at
December 31, 1996...... 689,626 0.28-18.38 6.72
Granted................. 342,612 17.25-31.38 23.12
Exercised............... (125,357) 0.28-25.25 3.84
Canceled................ (28,705) 2.54-25.25 16.53
--------
Options outstanding at
December 31, 1997...... 878,176 0.28-31.38 13.21
======== ============ =====
The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding
and exercisable as of December 31, 1997:
WEIGHTED
NUMBER AVERAGE WEIGHTED NUMBER WEIGHTED
RANGE OF OUT- REMAINING AVERAGE EXERCIS- AVERAGE
EXERCISE STANDING AT CONTRACTUAL EXERCISE ABLE AT EXERCISE
PRICES 12/31/97 LIFE PRICE 12/31/97 PRICE
------------ ----------- ----------- -------- -------- --------
$ 0.28-0.34 43,886 1.97 years $0.28 43,886 $0.28
0.56 2,837 3.31 years 0.56 2,837 0.56
2.12- 3.50 271,137 6.50 years 2.95 204,809 2.85
8.00-12.63 50,563 8.38 years 10.49 12,375 9.63
13.00-13.75 112,827 8.06 years 13.07 40,562 13.05
16.75-18.38 116,494 8.89 years 17.19 26,377 17.19
18.50-24.75 106,732 9.31 years 19.33 17,231 19.13
26.88 162,500 9.97 years 26.88 -- --
27.25-31.38 11,200 9.64 years 29.80 842 29.03
------- -------
0.28-31.38 878,176 348,919
============ ======= =======
At December 31, 1997, the Company had 939,348 shares reserved for options
and warrants outstanding, as well as future option grants.
F-15
IMPATH INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED)
(10) 401(K) RETIREMENT SAVINGS PLAN
Effective June 1, 1995, the Company adopted the IMPATH Inc. 401(k)
Retirement Savings Plan (the "Plan") benefiting certain employees. Employees
who are over the age of 21 and have completed six months of service are
eligible for voluntary participation in the Plan. Employees may contribute 1%
to 20% of their total salaries on a before tax basis, and the Company will
match up to 25% of the first 4% of employee contributions. Plan participants
who were employees as of June 1, 1995 are 100% vested in all contributions.
Any employees hired subsequent to June 1, 1995 are 100% vested in their own
contributions and will become vested in employer contributions over a three-
year period. Employer contributions for the year ended December 31, 1996 and
1997 were $50,990 and $70,439, respectively.
(11) INCOME TAXES
The components of the provision for income taxes for 1995, 1996 and 1997 are
as follows:
1995 1996 1997
--------- ---------- ----------
Current:
Federal................................ $ 463,000 $1,566,987 $ 972,484
State and local........................ 321,000 907,607 573,594
Benefit of operating loss
carryforwards......................... (279,000) -- --
--------- ---------- ----------
505,000 2,474,594 1,546,078
--------- ---------- ----------
Deferred:
Federal................................ (298,000) (541,047) 1,015,667
State and local........................ (207,000) (313,238) 290,191
--------- ---------- ----------
(505,000) (854,285) 1,305,858
--------- ---------- ----------
$ -- $1,620,309 $2,851,936
========= ========== ==========
Net deferred tax assets at December 31, 1996 and 1997 are as follows:
1996 1997
---------- ---------
Allowance for doubtful accounts........................ $1,229,418 $ --
Deferred compensation.................................. 68,782 169,882
Depreciation........................................... 34,495 263,359
All other.............................................. 26,590 (379,814)
---------- ---------
1,359,285 53,427
Less: Valuation allowance.............................. -- --
---------- ---------
Deferred tax assets, net............................... $1,359,285 $ 53,427
========== =========
Management of the Company believes that it is more likely than not that
future tax benefits will be realized as a result of the recent operating
performance of the Company.
F-16
IMPATH INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED)
A reconciliation of the Federal statutory income tax rate to the effective
tax rate for the years ended December 31, 1995, 1996 and 1997 follows:
1995 1996 1997
----- ---- ----
Federal statutory income tax rate....................... 34.0% 34.0% 34.0%
State and local taxes, net of Federal income tax
benefit................................................ 20.3 10.7 10.2
Change in valuation allowance........................... (50.7) (2.3) --
Other................................................... (3.6) 1.8 (0.3)
----- ---- ----
0.0% 44.2% 43.9%
===== ==== ====
(12) LEASES
The Company utilizes laboratory and office facilities and leases equipment
pursuant to the terms of operating and capital leases, which expire through
2009 (certain leases expiring in 1999 are cancelable at the Company's option).
The present value of future minimum lease payments (including those
cancelable at the Company's option and subject to increases in the Consumer
Price Index and real estate taxes) for the capital leases and the future
minimum lease payments for operating leases are as follows:
OPERATING CAPITAL
YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, LEASES LEASES
------------------------ ---------- ----------
1998.................................................. $1,133,640 $1,542,039
1999.................................................. 1,030,562 1,241,827
2000.................................................. 886,320 985,702
2001.................................................. 591,925 512,158
2002.................................................. 465,432 --
Thereafter............................................ 3,009,239 --
---------- ----------
$7,117,118 4,281,726
========== ----------
Less amount representing interest..................... (607,858)
----------
Present value of minimum lease payments............... 3,673,868
Less current portion.................................. (1,222,281)
----------
$2,451,587
==========
For the years 1995, 1996 and 1997, rent expense totaled $472,499, $749,168
and $1,169,763, respectively.
(13) RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
The Company paid $93,112 and $128,329 in the years ended December 31, 1996
and 1997, respectively, to a Director who also performs certain consulting
services to the Company.
(14) COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
The Company is involved in various legal actions in the normal course of
business, some of which seek monetary damages. The Company believes any
ultimate liability associated with these contingencies would not have a
material adverse effect on the Company's consolidated financial position or
results of operations.
Certain executive officers of the Company have entered into agreements which
provide severance of up to one year's salary in the event of termination
without cause.
F-17
INDEX TO EXHIBITS
EXHIBIT
NUMBER DESCRIPTION PAGE
------- ----------- ----
3.1 Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended *
3.2 Form of Certificate of Amendment regarding authorization of *
additional preferred stock
3.3 By-laws *
4.1 Registration Rights Agreement dated February 10, 1995 among *
IMPATH Inc. and certain of its shareholders
10.1 Master Lease Agreement dated April 11, 1995 between IMPATH Inc. *
and Financing For Science International, Inc.
10.2 Employment letter dated October 26, 1993 between Bruce C. *
Horten, M.D., and IMPATH Inc.
10.3 Employment letter dated March 7, 1994 between and John P. *
Gandolfo and IMPATH Inc.
10.4 Space Lease dated August 29, 1988, as amended, between 166 East *
61st Street Associates and IMPATH Inc. (formerly known as
BioPath, Inc.)
10.5 Sublease dated April 1992, between Zeller 1010 Formals, Inc. *
and IMPATH Inc.
10.6 Space Lease dated September 27, 1991, as amended, between 166 *
East 61st Street Associates and IMPATH Inc. (formerly known as
Impath Laboratories Inc.)
10.7 Assignment and Assumption of Lease Agreement dated August 1, *
1990, as amended, between Mitchell Manning Associates, Inc. and
IMPATH Inc.
10.8 Space Lease Agreement dated April 20, 1995 between OMA Del Aire *
Properties and IMPATH Inc. (formerly known as Impath
Laboratories Inc.)
10.9 Floating Rate Promissory Note in the principal amount of *
$300,000 made by IMPATH Inc. in favor of Chemical Bank
10.10 1989 Stock Option Plan *
10.11 Form of Indemnification Agreement with directors *
10.12 Lease Modification Agreement dated as of April 24, 1995 between *
166 East 61st Street Associates and IMPATH Inc. (formerly known
as Impath Laboratories Inc.)
10.13 Letter Agreement dated December 12, 1997 between Anu D. Saad,
Ph.D, and IMPATH Inc.
10.14 Letter Agreement dated December 12, 1997 between John P.
Gandolfo and IMPATH Inc.
10.15 Letter Agreement dated December 12, 1997 between Bruce C.
Horten, M.D., and IMPATH Inc.
10.16 Letter Agreement dated December 12, 1997 between Moacyr Da
Silva, M.D., and IMPATH Inc.
10.17 Letter Agreement dated December 12, 1997 between Richard P.
Adelson and IMPATH Inc.
10.18 1997 Long Term Incentive Plan **
10.19 Agreement of Lease dated as of June 26, 1997 between
International Flavors & Fragrances Inc. and IMPATH Inc.
23 Consent of KPMG Peat Marwick LLP
24 Power of Attorney (see "Power of Attorney" in Form 10-K)
27 Financial Data Schedule ***
- --------
* Incorporated by reference to the exhibit of the same number filed with the
Registration Statement on Form S-1 of IMPATH Inc. (File No. 33-98916).
** Incorporated by reference to Exhibit A to the Proxy Statement of IMPATH
Inc. dated April 25, 1997 (File No. 000-27750).
*** Incorporated by reference to the exhibit of the same number filed with the
Registration Statement on Form S-3 of IMPATH Inc. (File No. 333-45921).