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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
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Form 10-K
Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of
The Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the fiscal year ended
Commission File No. 0-22145
December 31, 1998
RWD TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in charter)
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Maryland 52-1552720
(State or other jurisdiction of (IRS employer
incorporation or organization) identification No.)
10480 Little Patuxent Parkway,
Columbia, Maryland 21044
(Address of principal executive (Zip Code)
office)
Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (410) 730-4377
Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
None
Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
Title of Class:
Common Stock, par value $.10 per share
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports
required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to
such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X] No [_]
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item
405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to
the best of Registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information
statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K [ ] or any
amendment to this Form 10-K [_] .
As of March 9, 1999, the aggregate market value of the voting stock held by
nonaffiliates was approximately $66,945,000.
As of March 9, 1999, 15,056,419 shares of Common Stock were outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Specified portions of the definitive Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting
of Stockholders, of RWD Technologies, Inc., are incorporated by reference in
Part III.
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RWD TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
FORM 10-K
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
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PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS........................................................ 1
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES...................................................... 9
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS............................................... 9
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS............. 9
PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR THE COMPANY'S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER
MATTERS......................................................... 9
ITEM 6. SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA............................ 10
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS........................................... 11
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS............................................ 21
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE............................................ 21
PART III
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF RWD TECHNOLOGIES, INC....... 21
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION.......................................... 21
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT.. 21
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS.................. 21
PART IV
ITEM 14. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES, AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-
K............................................................... 21
SIGNATURES............................................................... 23
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PART I
Item 1. Business
RWD Technologies, Inc., ("RWD" or the "Company") provides a broad range of
integrated solutions designed to improve the productivity and effectiveness of
workers in complex operating environments. As the scope and complexity of
technology used by businesses accelerates and the global business environment
becomes more competitive, companies are increasingly focused on maximizing the
return on their advanced technology investments. To achieve this goal,
companies must ensure their employees receive effective support, including the
information systems, performance support tools, manufacturing processes,
documentation systems, and training to operate these advanced systems
effectively.
Since the Company's founding in 1988, it has expanded its key service areas
to meet the needs of its clients and to address market demands. The Company's
principal service areas are: Information Technology Services, Enterprise
Resource Planning Services, Lean Manufacturing Consulting, and Technology
Performance Support. Within these four key service areas, the Company delivers
a broad array of solutions to its clients including:
. Enterprise Relationship Management (ERM) systems
. Web-based solutions for workplace performance support
. Custom software development
. Knowledge management systems and services
. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) services
. Project management consulting
. Change management
. Distance learning
. Plant and manufacturing line start-up and troubleshooting services
. Electronic and traditional training and documentation solutions
. Lean manufacturing consulting
Examples of specific solutions RWD provides to its clients are enhanced user
interface (EUI) systems, electronic performance support systems (EPSS),
electronic document management systems (EDMS), machinery diagnostic systems,
sales force automation, and Internet/intranet applications.
The Company's services are designed to improve its clients' product quality,
worker productivity, and competitiveness and to ensure its clients receive an
attractive return on their technology investments. RWD's services integrate
comprehensive expertise in information technology, performance support,
enterprise resource planning ("ERP") software implementation services, and
lean manufacturing consulting in a coordinated manner, with services
customized to the individual needs of each client. The Company believes its
focus on end user performance, embedded in all its service offerings,
differentiates the Company from many of its competitors in the performance
support and information technology services marketplaces. The Company's
registered service mark, "We bring people and technology together,"(R)
succinctly describes the Company's unique focus.
RWD was founded in January 1988 by Dr. Robert W. Deutsch and Mr. John H.
Beakes. For the 21 years prior to founding RWD, Dr. Deutsch was the Chief
Executive Officer of General Physics Corporation, a company he founded while a
professor of nuclear science and engineering at The Catholic University of
America in Washington, D.C. Mr. Beakes is a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy
and served for 8 years in the U.S. Navy's Nuclear Submarine Service. He joined
General Physics in 1974 and had advanced to the position of Executive Vice
President and Chief Operating Officer by 1985. A change of control and
resulting shift in operating philosophy precipitated Dr. Deutsch's and Mr.
Beakes' decision to leave General Physics at the end of 1987.
1
Dr. Deutsch and Mr. Beakes believed large U.S. industrial companies were
making substantial investments in automation and other advanced operating
technologies but achieving relatively low returns on those investments. They
concluded this was the result of plant workers having inadequate training and
performance support systems. Dr. Deutsch and Mr. Beakes formed RWD with the
objective of applying proven performance support methodologies to large U.S.
industrial companies. The Company's first significant client was Chrysler.
The Company's client list has grown to include clients in more than 20
industries including the automotive industry, telecommunications, consumer
products, equipment manufacturing, pharmaceutical, and petrochemical
industries, among others. In addition to providing solutions to clients in
more than 20 industries, the Company targets selected industries where its
extensive experience matches the unique needs of clients in specific
industries. During 1998, the Company established three Industry Centers of
Excellence (ICOEs) for concentrated focus: automotive manufacturing,
pharmaceuticals, and Petroleum & Chemicals. This strategic industry focus
brings together teams with special industry expertise and draws on the full
range of services RWD has to offer to provide solutions tailored to specific
industries.
RWD's Services
The Company's services and solutions are outlined below in four business
segment descriptions: Information Technology Services, Enterprise Resource
Planning Services, Lean Manufacturing Consulting, and Technology Performance
Support which represented 23.6, 33.5, 15.8, and 27.1 percent, respectively, of
the Company's 1998 revenue. Solutions delivered by the Company often could be
associated with more than one of the four identified business segments. For
example, solutions delivered outside of the information technology segment,
such as in ERP, frequently have significant information technology components,
such as web-based documentation, on-line help and knowledge management
systems, packaged software implementation and configuration and electronic
performance support. The Company's ability to deliver integrated solutions
that leverage the full breadth of its expertise in such areas as information
technology, end user support, performance analysis and documentation is a
significant differentiator and competitive advantage. Nevertheless, the
Company's financial results are reported herein categorized within the
operating business segments as required by SFAS No. 131.
Information Technology Services. Information Technology services generated
$15.5 million (or 23.8 percent), and $22.8 million (or 26.5 percent), and
$27.1 million (or 23.6 percent), of RWD's total revenue in 1996, 1997, and
1998, respectively. The Company's Information Technology services include a
full spectrum of strategic consulting, custom software development, packaged
software integration and implementation, and operations and maintenance
services. RWD has significant expertise in Internet technologies as a platform
for communication and information transfer in a variety of industries. These
projects include developing Intranets, document management systems, and
designing remote diagnostic information systems and related projects.
Information technology solutions and services also include web-based
information systems, the design and implementation of customized enhanced user
interface ("EUI") systems, electronic performance support systems ("EPSS"),
and electronic document management systems ("EDMS"), all of which give the end
user easy access to information critical to operating advanced technology
effectively. RWD's information technology solutions also include call center
and customer services systems; Internet/intranet technology solutions, remote
worker automation; machinery diagnostics, client/server applications
development; e-commerce and training products (RWD WILS, RWD Multimedia
WebPlayerTM); systems integration; knowledge management systems, and strategic
consulting. RWD has extensive packaged software implementation capabilities,
and its services in this area support partnerships or alliances with
Documentum, Siebel, Lotus, Netscape, Microsoft, POINT, DLB, and Dataware.
The following are examples of the Company's Information Technology projects:
. RWD created and implemented a sophisticated customer service system for
one of the world's largest broadband communications companies. This
application helps position the client as a leading provider of cable
television, telephony, and high-speed data services for new customers
around the world, while providing exemplary service for today's
customers.
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. A major automobile manufacturer asked RWD to build an intranet-based
service system to help its dealers diagnose and repair automobiles. By
providing service-bay technicians with up-to-date repair information from
a centralized repository, this system, one of the world's largest web-
based Java application implementations, dramatically increased the speed
of information dissemination, technician repair efficiency and accuracy,
plus improved brand loyalty and customer satisfaction.
. RWD designed and developed an extensive web-based knowledge management
system for a major consumer durables company that enables employer and
partner companies to collaboratively share product, engineering,
manufacturing, and marketing information.
. RWD implemented an e-commerce PC-based home banking system that has been
deployed by several financial institutions to provide their customers
with a PC-based banking and bill paying service.
. An international hotel chain using a text-based, computer reservation
system engaged RWD to design an EUI system to enable the client's
reservations center operators to handle incoming calls more quickly and
to market the chain's services more effectively. RWD designed an EUI
system that was integrated with the client's existing reservation system,
resulting in an intuitive graphical interface. This replaced the existing
system, which required the operator to use up to 12,000 different codes.
RWD's EUI system significantly shortened operator training time, time to
competency, and call handling time, thereby resulting in increased caller
satisfaction and improved overall sales effectiveness. The chain's 1,800
reservation agents now use RWD's EUI system to annually log approximately
25 million calls worldwide.
Enterprise Resource Planning Services. ERP services generated $14.2 million
(or 21.8 percent), and $18.2 million (or 21.3 percent), and $38.4 million (or
33.5 percent) of RWD's total revenue in 1996, 1997, and 1998, respectively.
Capitalizing on its end user focus and performance support expertise, RWD has
developed a rapidly growing service area supporting the implementation of
enterprise-wide software applications, principally software from SAP, the
world's leading ERP software company. The Company uses its unique end user
support approach to support ERP software implementation efforts of Fortune
1,000 companies. This approach is designed to ensure that system end users
have the knowledge, skills, and tools necessary to operate effectively during
and after ERP software implementations.
The Company's services to clients implementing ERP systems include:
. Implementation services, such as implementation planning, project
management, data conversion, hardware and software installation,
prototyping and cycle testing, and system configuration, integration and
rollout
. Consulting services, such as business process analysis and mapping,
information planning, organization performance assessments, and strategic
planning
. Change management services, such as change planning, leadership training,
strategy development, change technology transfer, communications
planning, managing resistance, organizational alignment and teambuilding
. End user services, including context-sensitive on-line help systems,
electronic document management, electronic performance support systems,
end user training and support strategies, SAP R/3 InfoDB implementations,
training delivery and evaluation, and Web-based solutions
In 1997, RWD formalized its relationship with SAP America, Inc. and became
an R/3 implementation partner. The Company has established laboratories in the
U.S. and U.K. to demonstrate SAP's InfoDB product, to jointly market
implementation services with SAP, and to provide services directly to SAP.
During 1996, RWD entered into a strategic alliance with
PricewaterhouseCoopers, an international consulting firm and leading provider
of enterprise-wide software implementation services. Under this nonbinding
arrangement, the Company provides performance support services in joint
software implementation engagements with PricewaterhouseCoopers. A significant
proportion of the Company's ERP services' revenue are generated
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through its relationships with SAP and PricewaterhouseCoopers. The Company is
also a designated service partner of the ERP software companies PeopleSoft and
Baan and has also provided end user support services to clients implementing
Oracle software.
The following is an example of the Company's ERP software implementation
projects:
. An international chemical company engaged RWD to provide performance
support to the client's employees during its multiyear, global
implementation of SAP ERP software. RWD designed and developed content
and online support tools that provide users with immediate access to
information specific to their tasks. RWD also prepared and presented
classroom and on-the-job materials and training. Each training course
contained an appropriate level of concepts, a series of job aids, and
scenario-based, hands-on exercises that made the SAP software easier for
the employees to understand and use. The Company believes its training
and support materials resulted in reduced time spent in training and
improved time to competency for the client's end users.
Lean Manufacturing Consulting. Lean Manufacturing Consulting services
generated $7.9 million (or 12.2 percent), $12.9 million (or 15.1 percent), and
$18.2 million (or 15.8 percent) of total revenue in 1996, 1997, and 1998,
respectively. RWD is a leading provider of lean manufacturing expertise to
industry. The Company's Lean Manufacturing Consulting services include
developing and deploying entire production systems, as well as designing and
presenting specialized lean manufacturing training workshops to illustrate and
teach the benefits of lean manufacturing. The objective of lean manufacturing
is to achieve world-class quality and cost performance based on continuous
improvement and the elimination of waste. The major components of lean
manufacturing, a system developed and refined by the Japanese, include high
machine reliability, level production, just-in-time material control, "stop-
the-line" operating procedures, and the human systems that support this
manufacturing philosophy. This system uses specific, simple-to-understand
tools, including mistake-proofing, standardized work procedures, and
housekeeping techniques. RWD provides lean manufacturing implementation
guidance through a team of experts who have substantial experience using and
deploying this systems approach to manufacturing.
The following is an example of the Company's Lean Manufacturing Consulting
projects:
. In planning to manufacture a new engine at a plant in Europe, a large
automobile manufacturer projected requirements based on a traditional
mass manufacturing approach. RWD was asked to work with the
manufacturer's managers to assess the changes in processes that could be
made by applying lean manufacturing principles. The critical issues
facing the RWD team were reengineering the material supply system and
labor usage within the production process. RWD placed a team of
experienced lean manufacturing personnel on-site to perform the necessary
assessments and then to implement the recommended lean manufacturing
approaches on the engine production line. Based on the early success of
the Company's initial five-month effort and other services provided by
RWD, the client asked RWD to help implement lean manufacturing concepts
in all of its worldwide operations.
Technology Performance Support. Technology Performance Support services
generated $27.4 million (or 42.2 percent), and $31.8 million (or 37.1
percent), and $31.0 million (or 27.1 percent) of RWD's total revenue in 1996,
1997, and 1998, respectively. RWD provides a broad range of end user
performance support services. These services encompass the design,
development, and delivery of information to end users of technology and
complex equipment and use the full spectrum of electronic as well as paper-
based delivery technologies, including designing and presenting classroom and
plant floor training; developing and managing hard copy training materials,
technical procedures, and documentation; designing and developing customized
job aids; and acting as plant floor consultants to ensure proper integration
of equipment and systems and reduction of plant downtime. RWD uses a
performance-based approach to training and documentation that focuses on
streamlining training content to include only the information required to
perform each task effectively.
RWD's performance support services are delivered to many industries
including manufacturing and process industries, telecommunications, consumer
products, and pharmaceuticals. A significant portion of these services are
provided to the automotive industry in connection with the launch of new and
redesigned vehicles.
4
The following are examples of the Company's Performance Support projects:
. Since 1990, RWD has worked with a large U.S. automobile manufacturer to
provide technical training to the manufacturer's plant-floor workers in
locations worldwide. This training is designed to increase worker
competency in connection with the launch of new and redesigned vehicles.
RWD's customized performance-based training programs have resulted in
significantly reduced classroom time and training costs. RWD instructors
also function as plant floor consultants, engaging in systems integration
and preparing workers to troubleshoot malfunctioning equipment.
. A major oil company engaged RWD to help increase refinery run times and
reduce the frequency and duration of unit shutdowns. To accomplish this
goal, the Company developed user-friendly, task-oriented operating
manuals, and procedures and performance-based training courses. RWD also
helped the client develop a laboratory calibration and maintenance
program.
Prior to December 31, 1998, the Company reported revenue by service line
irrespective of the division or operating segment in which the revenue was
earned. Effective December 31, 1998, with the adoption of Statement of
Financial Accounting Standards No. 131, "Disclosure about Segments of an
Enterprise and Related Information," the Company changed to reporting revenue
by operating segment as defined by Statement No. 131, instead of reporting
revenue by service line. The 1996 and 1997 revenue disclosed in this section
has been restated to the amounts by operating segment.
Industries and Clients Served
The Company has provided services to clients in the following industries:
Industries
Aerospace Electronics Photographic Film and
Automotive Equipment/Parts Financial Services Equipment
Manufacturing Furniture Publishing
Automotive Manufacturing Government Rubber Products
Biotechnology Industrial Software
Chemical Manufacturing Telecommunications
Computers Package Delivery Utilities
Consumer Products Petroleum Wholesale/Retail
Education Pharmaceuticals
The following is a list of representative clients served by the Company
during 1998. These clients generated, in the aggregate, more than 80 percent
of the Company's 1998 revenue.
Clients
Amerada Hess Frito-Lay Pennzoil-Quaker State
AMP Fujitsu Pioneer Hi-Bred
BC Telecom Genentech Polaroid
Bell Atlantic General Motors Port Authority of
BellSouth Goodyear NY & NJ
Bethlehem Steel Harvard University Procter & Gamble
Borden Foods Houston Industries SAP America
Boston Edison John Deere Stanford University
Bristol-Myers Squibb Kodak Steelcase
Chevron Kohler Storage Tek
CIGNA Healthcare Lucent Technologies Tandem
Conectiv MediaOne Tenneco
Continental Airlines Merck Warner-Lambert
DaimlerChrysler Microsoft The Weather Channel
Disney Mobil Oil Corporation Whirlpool
Dow Chemical Moen World Bank
Equistar NASD Wyeth-Ayerst
Ford Motor NationsBank
5
In 1998, RWD provided services to 131 companies in more than 20 industries.
The Company's clients include DaimlerChrysler, Ford, John Deere, MediaOne,
IBM, Merck, Procter & Gamble, Bell Atlantic, Lucent, and Steelcase.
DaimlerChrysler, the Company's largest client, generated 28.5 percent, 28.1
percent, and 22.4 percent of total revenue in 1996, 1997, and 1998,
respectively. Ford generated 14.0 percent and 12.2 percent of total revenue in
1997 and 1998, respectively. No other client generated more than 10 percent of
total revenue in any of these periods. The Company's top five clients in 1996,
1997, and 1998 generated an aggregate of 51.4 percent, 56.8 percent, and 50.0
percent of total revenue in each of these respective periods. Automotive
industry clients generated an aggregate of 40.7 percent, 44.4 percent, and
37.9 percent of total revenue in 1996, 1997, and 1987, respectively.
Sales and Marketing
RWD business is principally developed by senior management and the technical
personnel who manage client relationships and develop solutions for clients
rather than through a dedicated sales force. RWD professionals, who work
closely with clients to solve complex technical problems, are best able to
understand and communicate the Company's skills and services to existing and
prospective clients. This approach also contributes to the Company's ability
to establish and maintain long-term client relationships. In addition to
supporting existing client relationships, RWD's senior management markets the
Company's services at industry trade shows and delivers presentations and
papers at conferences. As a result, potential clients in new and currently
served industries have an opportunity to learn more about Company services. In
the past few years, the Company has begun to supplement the sales efforts of
its technical employees with the targeted use of dedicated sales
professionals, including industry marketing experts in the automotive,
petrochemical, and pharmaceutical industries to support its Industry Centers
of Excellence (ICOE) focus. The Company also actively seeks strategic
relationships with leading software companies whose high-quality products and
need for implementation expertise present significant opportunity for the
Company. RWD's primary business alliances include ones with SAP and
PricewaterhouseCoopers, as well as Documentum, Siebel, Lotus, POINT, Dataware,
DLB, Microsoft, Netscape, Baan, PeopleSoft, and Asymetrix.
Geographic Expansion
The Company has often delivered solutions outside the U.S. for its domestic
multinational clients. From 1996 to 1998, international revenue expanded from
1.7 percent to 11.4 percent of revenue. During 1998, the Company began
actively expanding its capabilities in Europe and the U.K., primarily by
marketing directly to European companies and opening offices in the U.K. These
efforts to accelerate business overseas entail significant costs in overhead
and marketing, as well as high initial costs for expatriated personnel to
establish European operations. The Company believes the long-term
opportunities in international markets for its services are significant.
Competition
The Company's service areas are highly competitive and subject to both low
barriers to entry and rapid change. The Company faces competition for client
assignments from a number of companies having significantly greater financial,
technical, and marketing resources and greater name recognition than RWD.
Principal competitors for the Company's services include the consulting
practices of the largest international accounting firms, as well as
professional services groups of many large technology and management
consulting companies. The Company also competes with smaller regional or local
service providers, whose specific, more narrowly focused service offerings may
be more attractive to potential clients of the Company. The Company also faces
competition from software companies, including its alliance organizations who,
through their client services groups, may choose to compete with RWD. In
addition, clients may elect to use internal resources to satisfy their needs
for the services the Company provides. The Company believes that the principal
competitive factors in its industry are quality of service, breadth of service
offerings, reputation of the service provider, and price. The Company believes
it competes effectively with respect to each of these factors.
6
Company Organization and Methodologies
Project Management. RWD's project management process is critical to the
Company's ability to satisfy its clients. The Company's project management
process is used throughout all phases of an engagement and includes controls
and review processes designed to ensure each project is delivered in a high-
quality, cost-effective, and timely manner. The project manager has primary
responsibility for the success of the engagement, including managing project
costs and staff schedules, service quality, and the client relationship. The
project manager is supported in these efforts by the project director, a
designated senior individual with extensive project management experience.
Project managers are certified only after completing a rigorous one-year
training process that includes classroom and on-the-job training and an oral
examination before senior management. The project management process includes
processes for identifying and assessing project risks, as well as mechanisms
to help the project manager communicate project challenges to the project
director and senior management before those challenges escalate. In addition,
the process places significant emphasis on client feedback through regular
client alignment meetings. These client review meetings ensure continuous
agreement on project goals and expectations, leading ultimately to client
satisfaction with the results. Once an engagement is completed, the Company
assesses the extent to which the project team met client expectations and
evaluates the effectiveness of RWD's project management process. The Company
uses this analysis to support its continuous improvement process.
Technical and Management Skills and Training. The Company's employees have
diverse educational and employment backgrounds, including engineering,
advanced manufacturing, computer systems analysis and design, technical
writing and editing, and graphic arts. Many have advanced degrees in a wide
range of technical disciplines, including chemical, computer systems,
electrical, industrial, mechanical, nuclear, and software engineering;
instructional system design; and organizational development. This breadth of
expertise enables the Company's professionals to interact with and understand
the performance challenges encountered by client personnel across a broad
range of industries. The Company employed 988 persons as of December 31, 1998.
The Company's use of internally developed, standardized tools and
methodologies and its strict adherence to a structured project management
process enable the Company to deliver consistent, high-quality services while
rapidly increasing the size of its workforce. The Company places significant
emphasis on training its employees to understand and apply the Company's
service methodologies and management processes. The Company uses a combination
of more than 200 hours of internally developed courses, as well as externally
provided courses, to provide this and other technical training. Employees are
encouraged to become trained in the Company's proprietary service
methodologies. Employees also participate in internal and external training in
specific technologies such as ERP software systems, object-oriented design,
relational database design, software configuration management, software
programming languages (e.g., Visual C++, Visual Basic, MacApp, Java and
JavaScript), document management software, and the software systems of its
alliance organizations. Employees are encouraged and provided with financial
support to enroll in advanced training and degree programs to increase their
technical and management capabilities.
Recruiting and Employee Retention. RWD places significant emphasis on
attracting, developing, and retaining a highly skilled and motivated
workforce. The Company recruits personnel through a variety of methods,
including on-campus recruiting, internet recruiting, postings at conferences,
and advertising in newspapers and technical publications. The Company actively
recruits entry-level personnel at selected college campuses and maintains a
Web site targeted in part to potential recruits. The Company has a policy of
promoting from within whenever appropriate and also actively recruits
employees with in-depth expertise in technical areas in which the Company
currently provides services or expects to provide services in the future. From
time to time, the Company uses technical recruiters to fill specific staffing
needs. The Company engages a limited number of technical personnel on a
consulting basis when appropriate to support particular client needs.
The Company's culture, its emphasis on training, and the design of its
compensation structure have been developed to attract, develop, and retain
qualified and motivated professionals. The Company's culture is captured and
communicated through its Mission, Values, and Guiding Principles. Senior
management expends
7
significant effort in communicating these principles to new employees and to
incorporating these values into the day-to-day operation of the Company. The
Company believes this effort has played a significant role in maintaining its
culture and guiding the actions of its employees. The Company also strives to
provide a challenging work environment and competitive employee reward system.
Additionally, the Company is committed to significant and broad-based employee
stock ownership, believing this maximizes employees' dedication to the
Company's growth and profitability. In addition to the co-founders' ownership
of 9.8 million shares and options, 694 of the Company's employees as of
December 31, 1998, held options to purchase, in aggregate, 3.4 million shares
of the Company's Common Stock.
RWD believes these policies have resulted in an employee turnover rate which
compares favorably to its competitors. The Company's turnover rates in 1997
and 1998 were approximately 16.8 percent and 17.2 percent, respectively. The
Company considers its culture, morale, and employee motivation to be excellent
and key components of its success to date.
Intellectual Property and Other Proprietary Rights
The Company relies on a combination of confidentiality and other contractual
arrangements and trade secret, copyright, and trademark laws to protect its
proprietary rights. The Company generally enters into confidentiality
agreements with its employees, alliance organizations, and clients, thereby
seeking to limit distribution of confidential and proprietary information. A
substantial majority of the Company's employees are not bound by
confidentiality agreements once their employment has been terminated, although
the Company believes common law generally prohibits these employees from
disclosing to third parties proprietary information of the Company. There can
be no assurance that the steps taken by the Company in this regard will be
adequate to deter misappropriation of proprietary information or that the
Company will be able to detect unauthorized use of and take steps to enforce
its intellectual property rights.
Ownership of software developed and other materials prepared by RWD in
connection with client engagements is usually assigned to the clients. The
Company retains the right to its general know-how and general applications
such as software diagnostic and development tools.
The Company's registered service marks include "RWD Technologies, Inc."
logo, "RWD ProVision," "RWD PerformanceVision," "RWD InfoVision," "Continuous
Improvement by All Employees," and the phrase, "We bring people and technology
together," as well as various logos. Additionally, the Company has a number of
trade and service marks including "Globally Serving a High-tech World," "RWD
PBA," "RWD LeanVision," "RWD Multimedia Web Player," "RWD ProAction," "RWD
User Performance Pak," "RWD WILS" and "We bring people and technology
together" (with graphic). The Company holds no patents. The Company may file
additional copyright applications for certain software it develops in the
future.
Risk Management
The Company is subject to potential claims by dissatisfied clients that the
Company's services did not achieve the results expected by those clients or
that errors or omissions by the Company's employees contributed to disruptions
in the clients' operations. To mitigate this risk, RWD seeks to clearly
articulate, prior to commencement of each project, both the scope of services
to be provided and the solution to be achieved. The Company holds regular
alignment meetings with each client while services are being provided so that
any problems can be discovered and then corrected as early in the project as
possible. This procedure is intended to allow RWD to regularly ascertain and
meet client expectations during all phases of each project. In addition, in
most cases, RWD's standard contract terms limit the Company's liability to the
amount of the fee payable to RWD under the contract. Despite these procedures,
it is possible that the Company may become subject to a claim from a
dissatisfied client, although the Company has never been subject to litigation
by a client arising out of RWD's services.
The Company carries comprehensive liability, property damage, and other
insurance in amounts it considers either sufficient or cost-effective to cover
its insurable risks. In addition, the Company carries a limited amount
8
of professional liability insurance against claims by clients related to
services provided by RWD. The Company is self-insured with respect to client
claims in excess of the limits on its professional liability coverage.
Item 2. Properties
RWD leases approximately 100,000 square feet of space for its executive
offices at 10480 Little Patuxent Parkway, Columbia, Maryland. This lease
expires on December 31, 2003. The Company leases additional offices covering
an aggregate of approximately 180,000 square feet in Atlanta, Georgia; Auburn
Hills, Michigan; Boston, Massachusetts; Cincinnati, Ohio; Dearborn, Michigan;
Houston, Texas; Lexington, Kentucky; Princeton, New Jersey; Sacramento,
California; San Ramon, California; Birmingham, England; and London, England.
Historically, about half of the Company's employees have been located at its
Columbia, Maryland, headquarters. This trend is likely to continue, resulting
in continual expansion of required office space at the Columbia, Maryland,
location for the foreseeable future. In addition, expansion space will likely
be required at other existing locations and new locations. The Company
believes that additional office space will be required within the next 12
months and that its leases can be renewed or alternative and expansion space
obtained as needed. Aggregate annual rent for the Company's corporate
headquarters and satellite offices is approximately $3.2 million. From time to
time, the Company uses office space provided at client sites to facilitate
performance of its services and to maximize client contact.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
From time to time, the Company is a party to routine litigation in the
ordinary course of business. The Company is not currently a party to any
material litigation.
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
No matters were submitted to a vote of security holders during the fourth
quarter ended December 31, 1998.
PART II.
Item 5. Market for The Company's Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters
The Company's common stock has traded on The Nasdaq Stock Market(R) since
its initial public offering on June 19, 1997, under the symbol RWDT. The
following table sets forth, for each quarterly period indicated, the high and
low last sale price for the common stock as reported by The Nasdaq Stock
Market.
High Low
------ ------
1997
2nd Quarter (beginning June 19)............................. $18.25 $16.88
3rd Quarter................................................. 25.63 16.75
4th Quarter................................................. 25.75 18.00
1998
1st Quarter................................................. 27.50 17.25
2nd Quarter................................................. 28.00 22.69
3rd Quarter................................................. 22.75 16.13
4th Quarter................................................. 23.13 13.00
1999
1st Quarter (through March 9)............................... $22.00 $13.13
No dividends were declared on the Company's Common Stock during the year
ended December 31, 1998, and the Company does not anticipate paying dividends
in the foreseeable future.
The number of shareholders of record as of March 9, 1999, was 2,372.
9
Item 6. Selected Consolidated Financial Data
The following selected financial data should be read in conjunction with
"Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations," the Company's Financial Statements, and related Notes thereto and
other financial information included elsewhere in this 10-K. The balance sheet
and income statement data at and for the years ended December 31, 1994, 1995,
1996, 1997, and 1998, are derived from the Company's Financial Statements,
which have been audited by Arthur Andersen LLP, independent public
accountants.
Year Ended December 31,
-------------------------------------------
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
------- ------- ------- ------- --------
(In thousands, except per share data)
Income Statement Data:
Revenue............................ $29,424 $47,132 $65,006 $85,670 $114,719
Cost of services................... 21,751 35,269 48,132 60,785 80,763
------- ------- ------- ------- --------
Gross profit....................... 7,673 11,863 16,874 24,885 33,956
General and administrative
expenses.......................... 3,515 5,212 8,137 11,141 14,474
------- ------- ------- ------- --------
Operating income................... 4,158 6,651 8,737 13,744 19,482
Other income (expense), net........ (185) (121) (123) 982 1,765
------- ------- ------- ------- --------
Income before taxes................ 3,973 6,530 8,614 14,726 21,247
Provision for income taxes......... 60 168 365 8,053 8,131
------- ------- ------- ------- --------
Net income......................... $ 3,913 $ 6,362 $ 8,249 $ 6,673 $ 13,116
======= ======= ======= ======= ========
Pro Forma Data(1):
Provision for income taxes....... $ 1,589 $ 2,612 $ 3,446 $ 5,725 $ 8,131
Net income....................... $ 2,384 $ 3,918 $ 5,168 $ 9,001 $ 13,116
======= ======= ======= ======= ========
Earnings per share:
Diluted calculation............ $ 0.32 $ 0.40 $ 0.62 $ 0.82
======= ======= ======= ========
Basic calculation.............. $ 0.38 $ 0.47 $ 0.71 $ 0.88
======= ======= ======= ========
Weighted average shares
outstanding:
Diluted calculation............ 12,348 13,030 14,470 16,016
======= ======= ======= ========
Basic calculation.............. 10,220 10,902 12,747 14,895
======= ======= ======= ========
Balance Sheet Data (end of year):
Cash and marketable securities..... $ 1,726 $ 2,394 $ 5,534 $40,045 $ 51,224
Working capital.................... 7,620 11,439 12,053 49,381 66,399
Total assets....................... 14,533 23,658 29,858 67,887 90,394
Total debt......................... 4,276 6,500 3,925 1,101 865
Stockholders' equity............... 6,397 12,758 20,132 54,964 73,961
- --------
(1) Prior to June 13, 1997, the Company was an S Corporation and, accordingly,
was not subject to federal and certain state corporate income taxes. The
pro forma information has been computed as if the Company were subject to
federal and all applicable state corporate income taxes for all periods
presented.
10
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations
Overview
RWD Technologies, Inc., provides a broad range of integrated solutions
designed to improve the productivity and effectiveness of workers in complex
operating environments. The Company's principal service segments are:
Information Technology Services, Enterprise Resource Planning Services, Lean
Manufacturing Consulting, and Technology Performance Support.
The substantial majority of the Company's contracts are on a time-and-
materials basis, although many of these contracts contain initial "not-to-
exceed" fees and Company performance obligations. The remainder of the
Company's contracts are on a fixed-price basis, particularly those related to
the Company's Information Technology services. All revenue is recognized using
the percentage-of-completion method. The Company typically bills contracts on
a monthly basis, and senior management reviews outstanding accounts receivable
balances regularly to monitor client satisfaction and collections.
Historically, a large percentage of the Company's revenue has come from
follow-on business from its existing clients. For example, in each of the past
five years, more than 80 percent of the year's total revenue was generated by
clients who had been clients in the previous year.
Gross profit margins per project and professional staff utilization rates
are critical to the Company's financial performance. The Company manages these
parameters by carefully establishing and monitoring project budgets and
timetables and by closely tracking staffing requirements for projects in
progress and projects that are anticipated. The status of all projects in
progress and personnel utilization are reviewed twice per month by project
managers, first-line supervisors, and senior management to ensure client
satisfaction and to monitor performance relative to internal financial and
operating expectations. The number of professionals assigned to a project
varies according to the size, complexity, duration, and demands of the
project. Professional staff utilization rates vary from period to period not
only because of variations in the Company's volume of business but because of
the timing of employee vacations, hiring and training, the amount of time
spent by employees on marketing, and project terminations or postponements.
The Company has strategic relationships with several companies which have
become significant to RWD's success and growth in the past several years. The
Company has strategic alliances or partner status with software companies and
provides services to clients implementing software products of SAP, as well as
Documentum, Siebel, Lotus, POINT, Dataware, DLB, Microsoft, Netscape, Baan,
PeopleSoft, and Asymetrix. RWD also has an alliance with the international
consulting firm PricewaterhouseCoopers to jointly provide services to clients
implementing SAP software. These relationships are generally terminable upon
little or no notice, and an unanticipated change in the working relationship
with a strategic alliance organization could materially impact the Company's
results.
The Company has experienced some seasonality in its business, with a
tendency toward higher levels of profitability and sequential growth in
revenue in the first half of each year. This trend has resulted primarily from
reduced utilization due to generally higher levels of holidays and vacations
taken by employees in the second half of each year. In addition, fluctuations
in quarterly revenue growth and margins are substantially dependent on many
factors which are outside of the Company's control including the timing of new
contract awards, the timing of individual project start-ups, and the level of
activity on on-going projects. Client engagements are generally terminable
with little or no notice or penalty, and a client's unanticipated decision to
terminate or postpone a project may result in revenue fluctuations as well as
higher than expected unassigned Company professionals or severance expenses.
The principal components of cost of services are compensation and benefits
to the Company's professional staff. Cost of services also includes training
and travel expenses for the Company's professional staff, fees paid to
subcontractors, facilities costs, and depreciation of capital equipment
provided to the professional staff. The Company makes limited use of dedicated
sales professionals, and time devoted by professional personnel to marketing
is included in cost of services, as are costs associated with administrative
personnel that directly
11
support the Company's professional staff. General and administrative expenses
are primarily composed of salaries for corporate, accounting, other
headquarters executive and administrative personnel, and other corporate
overhead.
Results of Operations
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, income statement
data expressed as a percentage of revenue and the percentage change in such
items versus the previous comparable period.
Percentage of Revenue Percentage Increase
Year Ended December 31, (Decrease)
--------------------------- ----------------------------
1996 1997 1998 1996 to 1997 1997 to 1998
------- ------- ------- ------------ ------------
Revenue................. 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 31.8% 33.9%
Cost of services........ 74.0 71.0 70.4 26.3 32.9
------- ------- ------- ------- ----
Gross profit............ 26.0 29.0 29.6 47.5 36.5
General and
administrative
expenses............... 12.5 13.0 12.6 36.9 29.9
------- ------- ------- ------- ----
Operating income........ 13.4 16.0 17.0 57.3 41.7
Other income (expense),
net.................... (0.2) 1.2 1.5 NM 79.8
------- ------- ------- ------- ----
Income before taxes..... 13.3 17.2 18.5 71.0 44.3
Provision for income
taxes.................. 0.6 9.4(1) 7.1 2,106.3 (1) 1.0(1)
------- ------- ------- ------- ----
Net income.............. 12.7% 7.8% 11.4% (19.1)(1)% 96.6%
======= ======= ======= ======= ====
Pro Forma Data(1):
Provision for income
taxes................ 5.3% 6.7% 7.1% 66.1% 42.0%
Net income............ 8.0% 10.5% 11.4% 74.2% 45.7%
======= ======= ======= ======= ====
- --------
(1) During 1997, the Company converted from S corporation to C corporation tax
status and, as a result, recognized a $4.5 million charge to establish a
deferred tax liability. The pro forma information has been computed as if
the Company were subject to corporate income taxes for all periods.
Year Ended December 31, 1998, Compared to Year Ended December 31, 1997
Prior to December 31, 1998, the Company reported revenue by service line
irrespective of the division or operating segment in which the revenue was
generated. Effective December 31, 1998, with the adoption of the Statement of
Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 131, "Disclosure about Segments of
an Enterprise and Related Information," the Company changed to reporting
revenue by operating segment as defined by Statement No. 131, instead of
reporting revenue by service line. The revenue disclosed in this section has
been restated to the amounts by operating segment.
Solutions delivered by the Company often could be associated with more than
one of the four identified business segments. For example, solutions delivered
outside of the information technology segment, such as in ERP, frequently have
significant information technology components, such as electronic information
delivery; web-based documentation, on-line help and knowledge management
systems; packaged software implementation and configuration; and electronic
performance support. The Company's ability to deliver integrated solutions
that leverage the full breadth of its expertise in such areas as information
technology, end user support, performance analysis and documentation is a
significant differentiator and competitive advantage. Nevertheless, the
Company's financial results are reported herein categorized within the
operating business segments as required by SFAS No. 131.
12
Revenue. Revenue for the total Company increased by $29.0 million (or 33.9
percent), from $85.7 million in 1997 to $114.7 million in 1998. Performance by
segment was as follows:
. Information Technology Services. Revenue for the Company's Information
Technology services increased by $4.3 million (or 19.0 percent), from
$22.8 million in 1997 to $27.1 million in 1998, representing 26.5 percent
of the Company's total revenue in 1997 and 23.6 percent in 1998. Key
factors in revenue increases included strong follow-on business with
existing clients as well as business deriving from expansion into
strategic IT consulting and alliance relationships.
. Enterprise Resource Planning Services. Revenue for the Company's
Enterprise Resource Planning services increased by $20.2 million (or
111.1 percent), from $18.2 million in 1997 to $38.4 million in 1998,
representing 21.3 percent of the Company's total revenue in 1997 and 33.5
percent in 1998. This rapid growth was due in part to strong demand in
the market for the kind of services offered by the Company as well as the
Company's alliances with SAP America and PricewaterhouseCoopers.
. Lean Manufacturing Consulting Services. Revenue for the Company's Lean
Manufacturing Consulting services increased by $5.3 million (or 40.5
percent), from $12.9 million in 1997 to $18.2 million in 1998,
representing 15.1 percent of the Company's revenue in 1997 and 15.8
percent in 1998. The increase in revenue was attributable to growth in
business with Ford and DaimlerChrysler and new lean manufacturing clients
including clients outside of the automotive industry.
. Technology Performance Support Services. Revenue for the Company's
Technology Performance Support services decreased by 2.4 percent, from
$31.8 million in 1997 to $31.0 million in 1998, representing 37.1 percent
of the Company's total revenue in 1997 and 27.1 percent in 1998. This
decrease resulted primarily from two factors. First, two-thirds of the
Company's performance support services revenue are derived from a mature
relationship with the Company's largest client, DaimlerChrysler, which
grew modestly in 1998. Second, personnel assigned to the performance
support area were transferred during the year to the ERP area to take
advantage of the strong demand in ERP in 1998.
The Company's total number of employees grew 24.9 percent, from 791 at the
end of 1997 to 988 at the end of 1998.
Gross Profit. Prior to December 31, 1998, the Company did not report gross
profit by service line or by operating segment. Effective December 31, 1998,
with the adoption of SFAS No. 131, "Disclosure about Segments of an Enterprise
and Related Information," the Company is reporting gross profit by operating
segment as defined by Statement No. 131.
Gross profit for the total Company increased by $9.1 million (or 36.5
percent), from $24.9 million in 1997 to $34.0 million in 1998, and increased
from 29.0 percent of revenue in 1997 to 29.6 percent of revenue in 1998. This
increase in gross profit margin resulted primarily from decreases as a percent
of revenue in fixed overhead costs, partially offset by lower staff
utilization and increases as a percent of revenue in employee related
expenses. Gross profit for individual operating segments was as follows:
. Information Technology Services. Gross profit for Information Technology
services increased by 6.8 percent from $9.3 million in 1997 to $9.9
million in 1998. Gross profit margin for Information Technology services
decreased from 40.9 percent of this segment's revenue in 1997 to 36.7
percent in 1998. This decrease in gross profit margin resulted primarily
from decreases in staff utilization as well as increases as a percent of
revenue in employee related expenses.
. Enterprise Resource Planning Services. Gross profit for Enterprise
Resource Planning services increased by 132.1 percent from $4.8 million
in 1997 to $11.1 million in 1998. Gross profit margin for Enterprise
Resource Planning services increased from 26.2 percent of this segment's
revenue in 1997 to 28.8 percent in 1998. This increase in gross profit
margin resulted primarily from higher average billing rates and increases
in the proportion of labor revenue to other revenue, partially offset by
increases as a percent of revenue in employee related expenses.
13
. Lean Manufacturing Consulting Services. Gross profit for Lean
Manufacturing Consulting services increased by 90.7 percent from $3.1
million in 1997 to $6.1 million in 1998. Gross profit margin for Lean
Manufacturing Consulting services increased from 24.5 percent of this
segment's revenue in 1997 to 33.3 percent in 1998. This increase in gross
profit margin resulted primarily from significant increases in staff
utilization and higher average billing rates, partially offset by
increases as a percent of revenue in employee related expenses.
. Technology Performance Support Services. Gross profit for Technology
Performance Support services decreased by 9.6 percent from $7.7 million
in 1997 to $6.9 million in 1998. Gross profit margin for Technology
Performance Support services decreased from 24.1 percent of this
segment's revenue in 1997 to 22.3 percent in 1998. This decrease in gross
profit margin resulted primarily from increased overhead and increases as
a percent of revenue in employee related expenses, partially offset by
increases in staff utilization, as well as higher average billing rates.
General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses
increased by $3.3 million (or 29.9 percent), from $11.1 million in 1997 to
$14.5 million in 1998, decreasing from 13.0 percent of total revenue in 1997
to 12.6 percent of total revenue in 1998. This decrease in general and
administrative expenses as a percentage of revenue resulted primarily from
slower growth in fixed overhead costs than in revenue, partially offset by
increases as a percent of revenue in general and administrative salaries and
employee related expenses.
Operating Income. As a result of the foregoing, the Company's operating
income increased by $5.7 million (or 41.7 percent), from $13.7 million in 1997
to $19.5 million in 1998 and increased from 16.0 percent of revenue in 1997 to
17.0 percent of revenue in 1998.
Other Income. Other income was $982,000 in 1997 and $1.8 million in 1998. In
1997 and 1998, this income consisted primarily of interest income from cash
and investment balances including the proceeds from the Company's June 1997,
initial public offering. In 1997, this interest income was partially offset by
interest expense paid on the Stockholder Notes. The Stockholder Notes were
repaid during the second quarter of 1997.
Pro Forma Net Income. Pro forma net income increased by $4.1 million (or
45.7 percent), from $9.0 million in 1997 to $13.1 million in 1998 increasing
from 10.5 percent of revenue in 1997 to 11.4 percent of revenue in 1998. Net
income for 1997 is pro forma and assumes the Company was a C corporation for
the entire year. During the second quarter of 1997, the Company converted from
S corporation to C corporation tax status and, as a result, recognized a $4.5
million charge to establish a deferred tax liability.
Year Ended December 31, 1997, Compared to Year Ended December 31, 1996
Revenue. Revenue increased by $20.7 million (or 31.8 percent), from $65.0
million in 1996 to $85.7 million in 1997. The Company experienced revenue
growth in all of its operating segments as follows:
. Information Technology Services. Revenue for the Company's Information
Technology services increased by $7.3 million (or 46.7 percent), from
$15.5 million in 1996 to $22.8 million in 1997, representing 23.8 percent
of the Company's total revenue in 1996 and 26.5 percent in 1997. This
growth was due in part to strong results from several large custom
software development projects.
. Enterprise Resource Planning Services. Revenue for the Company's
Enterprise Resource Planning services increased by $4.0 million (or 28.5
percent), from $14.2 million in 1996 to $18.2 million in 1997,
representing 21.8 percent of the Company's total revenue in 1996 and 21.3
percent in 1997. This revenue growth was due in part to the strong demand
in the market for the kind of services offered by the Company, joint
projects with PricewaterhouseCoopers, and the Company's establishment in
the third quarter of its alliance with SAP America.
. Lean Manufacturing Consulting Services. Revenue for the Company's Lean
Manufacturing Consulting services increased by $5.0 million (or 63.1
percent), from $7.9 million in 1996 to $12.9 million in 1997,
14
representing 12.2 percent of the Company's revenue in 1996 and 15.1
percent in 1997. The increase in revenue was primarily due to rapid growth
in the Company's services to its largest Lean Manufacturing Consulting
client.
. Technology Performance Support Services. Revenue for the Company's
Technology Performance Support services increased by $4.4 million (or
16.0 percent), from $27.4 million in 1996 to $31.8 million in 1997,
representing 42.2 percent of the Company's total revenue in 1996 and 37.1
percent in 1997. This increase in revenue was attributable to increases
in revenue from DaimlerChrysler and other existing clients.
The Company's total number of employees grew 22.1 percent, from 648 at the
end of 1996 to 791 at the end of 1997.
Gross Profit. Gross profit increased by $8.0 million (or 47.5 percent), from
$16.9 million in 1996 to $24.9 million in 1997, and increased from 26.0
percent of revenue in 1996 to 29.0 percent of revenue in 1997. This increase
in gross profit resulted primarily from higher average billing rates,
increases in staff utilization rates, and improvements in individual project
profitability. Changes in gross margins for individual segments were as
follows:
. Information Technology Services. Gross profit for Information Technology
services increased by 57.1 percent from $5.9 million in 1996 to $9.3
million in 1997. Gross profit margin for Information Technology services
increased from 38.2 percent of this segment's revenue in 1996 to 40.9
percent in 1997. This increase in gross margin resulted primarily from
increases in staff utilization and higher average billing rates,
partially offset by increases as a percent of revenue in employee related
expenses.
. Enterprise Resource Planning Services. Gross profit for Enterprise
Resource Planning services increased 42.0 percent from $3.4 million in
1996 to $4.8 million in 1997. Gross profit margin for Enterprise Resource
Planning services increased from 23.7 percent of this segment's revenue
in 1996 to 26.2 percent in 1997. This increase in gross margin resulted
primarily from higher average billing rates and increases in the
proportion of labor revenue to other revenue, partially offset by
increases as a percent of revenue in employee related expenses.
. Lean Manufacturing Consulting Services. Gross profit for Lean
Manufacturing Consulting services increased 89.3 percent from $1.7
million in 1996 to $3.1 million in 1997. Gross profit margin for Lean
Manufacturing Consulting services increased from 21.1 percent of this
segment's revenue in 1996 to 24.5 percent in 1997. This increase in gross
margin resulted primarily from increases in staff utilization and higher
average billing rates, partially offset by increases as a percent of
revenue in employee related expenses.
. Technology Performance Support Services. Gross profit for Technology
Performance Support services increased 29.1 percent from $5.9 million in
1996 to $7.7 million in 1997. Gross profit margin for Technology
Performance Support services increased from 21.6 percent of this
segment's revenue in 1996 to 24.1 percent in 1997. This increase in gross
margin resulted primarily from higher average billing rates and increases
in staff utilization, partially offset by increases as a percent of
revenue in employee related expenses.
General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses
increased by $3.0 million (or 36.9 percent), from $8.1 million in 1996 to
$11.1 million in 1997, increasing from 12.5 percent of total revenue in 1996
to 13.0 percent of total revenue in 1997. This increase in general and
administrative expenses as a percentage of revenue resulted primarily from
increases as a percent of revenue in legal and accounting fees, marketing
expenses, and recruiting costs, partially offset by savings in employee
benefits expenses.
Operating Income. As a result of the foregoing, the Company's operating
income increased by $5.0 million (or 57.3 percent), from $8.7 million in 1996
to $13.7 million in 1997 and increased from 13.4 percent of revenue in 1996 to
16.0 percent of revenue in 1997.
15
Other Income (Expense). Other income (expense) was ($123,000) in 1996 and
$982,000 in 1997. In 1996, this expense consisted primarily of interest paid
on the Stockholder Notes, partially offset by interest income from cash and
investment balances. In 1997, this income consisted primarily of interest
income from cash and investment balances including the proceeds from the
Company's June 1997, initial public offering, partially offset by interest
expense paid on the Stockholder Notes. The Stockholder Notes were repaid
during the second quarter of 1997.
Pro Forma Net Income. Pro forma net income increased by $3.8 million (or
74.2 percent), from $5.2 million in 1996 to $9.0 million in 1997. Pro forma
results assume the Company was a C corporation throughout the periods
presented. During the second quarter of 1997, the Company converted from S
corporation to C corporation tax status and, as a result, recognized a $4.5
million charge to establish a deferred tax liability.
16
Selected Quarterly Operating Results
The following tables set forth unaudited income statement data for each of
the eight quarters in the period beginning January 1, 1997, and ending
December 31, 1998, as well as the percentage of the Company's total revenue
represented by each item. In management's opinion, this unaudited information
has been prepared on a basis consistent with the Company's audited annual
financial statements and includes all adjustments (consisting only of normal
recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair presentation of the information
for the quarters presented, when read in conjunction with the Financial
Statements and related Notes thereto included elsewhere in this document. The
operating results for any quarter are not necessarily indicative of results
for any future period.
Three Month Period Ended
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
March 31, June 30, Sept. 30, Dec. 31, March 31, June 30, Sept. 30, Dec. 31,
1997 1997 1997 1997 1998 1998 1998 1998
--------- -------- --------- -------- --------- -------- --------- --------
(In thousands, except per share data)
Income Statement Data:
Revenue................. $19,100 $20,706 $22,016 $23,849 $26,204 $27,413 $30,151 $30,951
Cost of services........ 13,413 14,273 15,768 17,332 18,411 19,250 20,952 22,150
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Gross profit............ 5,687 6,433 6,248 6,517 7,793 8,163 9,199 8,801
General and
administrative
expenses............... 2,686 2,782 2,738 2,936 3,446 3,502 3,804 3,722
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Operating income........ 3,001 3,652 3,510 3,582 4,347 4,661 5,395 5,079
Other income (expense),
net.................... 22 (21) 484 497 439 453 294 579
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Income before taxes..... 3,023 3,631 3,993 4,079 4,786 5,114 5,689 5,658
Provision for income
taxes.................. 100 4,889(1) 1,514 1,550 1,819 1,944 2,190 2,178
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Net income (loss)....... $ 2,923 $(1,258) $ 2,479 $ 2,529 $ 2,967 $ 3,170 $ 3,499 $ 3,480
======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= =======
Pro Forma Data(1):
Provision for income
taxes................. $ 1,209 $ 1,452 $ 1,514 $ 1,550 $ 1,819 $ 1,944 $ 2,190 $ 2,178
Net income............. $ 1,814 $ 2,178 $ 2,479 $ 2,529 $ 2,967 $ 3,170 $ 3,499 $ 3,480
======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= =======
Pro forma earnings per
share:
Diluted calculation.... $ 0.14 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.16 $ 0.19 $ 0.20 $ 0.22 $ 0.22
======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= =======
Basic calculation...... $ 0.17 $ 0.19 $ 0.17 $ 0.18 $ 0.20 $ 0.21 $ 0.23 $ 0.23
======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= =======
Weighted average shares
outstanding:
Diluted calculation.... 12,968 13,381 15,724 15,807 15,947 16,090 16,005 16,020
======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= =======
Basic calculation...... 10,918 11,408 14,237 14,424 14,766 14,858 14,938 15,018
======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= =======
Revenue................. 100.0% 100.0 % 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Cost of services........ 70.2 68.9 71.6 72.7 70.3 70.2 69.5 71.6
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Gross profit............ 29.8 31.1 28.4 27.3 29.7 29.8 30.5 28.4
General and
administrative
expenses............... 14.1 13.4 12.4 12.3 13.1 12.8 12.6 12.0
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Operating income........ 15.7 17.6 15.9 15.0 16.6 17.0 17.9 16.4
Other income (expense),
net.................... 0.1 (0.1) 2.2 2.1 1.7 1.7 1.0 1.9
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Income before taxes..... 15.8 17.5 18.1 17.1 18.3 18.7 18.9 18.3
Provision for income
taxes.................. 0.5 23.61 6.9 6.5 7.0 7.1 7.3 7.1
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Net income.............. 15.3% (6.1)% 11.3% 10.6% 11.3% 11.6% 11.6% 11.2%
======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= =======
Pro Forma Data(1):
Provision for income
taxes................. 6.3% 7.0 % 6.9% 6.5% 7.0% 7.1% 7.3% 7.1%
Net income............. 9.5% 10.5 % 11.3% 10.6% 11.3% 11.6% 11.6% 11.2%
======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= =======
- --------
(1) The Company was an S Corporation until just prior to its initial public
offering in June 1997 and, accordingly, was not subject to federal and
certain state corporate income taxes. Pro forma information has been
computed as if the Company were subject to federal and applicable state
corporate income taxes for all periods. In connection with its conversion
from S Corporation to C Corporation status in June 1997, the Company
recorded a deferred tax liability of $4.5 million, which is included in
the second quarter 1997 tax provision.
17
Liquidity and Capital Resources
The Company's cash and investments were $51.2 million at December 31, 1998,
compared to $40.0 million at December 31, 1997. The increase in cash and
investments during 1998 was attributable primarily to cash provided by
operating activities and interest earned on proceeds from the Company's June
1997 initial public offering. The Company's working capital was $66.4 million
at December 31, 1998, and $49.4 million at December 31, 1997.
The Company's operating activities provided cash of $14.0 million for 1998,
compared to $15.6 million for 1997. The cash provided from operations resulted
primarily from increases in net income, trade accounts payable, and
depreciation expense, partially offset by increases in unbilled revenue and
accounts receivable and a decrease in deferred income taxes.
Investing activities used cash of $5.8 million in 1998, compared to $38.2
million for 1997. Cash used for investing activities in 1998 consisted
primarily of the net purchase of capital assets, partially offset by the sale
of investments.
Financing activities provided cash of $1.4 million in 1998, compared to
$22.7 million for 1997. Cash provided from financing activities in 1998
consisted primarily of proceeds from the issuance of Common Stock due to the
exercise of employee stock options.
The Company has a $10.0 million unsecured revolving line of credit with a
commercial bank, which bears interest at the 30-day, LIBOR rate, plus 1.0
percent (6.1 percent on December 31, 1998). The Company utilizes this line of
credit to finance a portion of its working capital needs. There was no balance
outstanding on the line of credit as of December 31, 1998, or on December 31,
1997.
During the second quarter of 1997, the Company converted from S corporation
to C corporation tax status and as a result recognized a $4.5 million charge
to establish a deferred tax liability. This tax liability becomes due ratably
over the four years beginning with 1997.
During 1998, the Company made $4.8 million in capital expenditures,
primarily for office furniture, computer and office equipment, and leasehold
improvements to support the growth in its professional and administrative
staff. During 1999, the Company expects to make between $6.5 million and $8.5
million in capital expenditures, primarily for office furniture, computer and
office equipment, and leasehold improvements. Capital expenditures currently
are funded from available cash, although the Company may consider alternative
financing methods, such as equipment leases or asset-based borrowings in
future periods. The Company believes its available cash balances, cash
provided by future operations and its line of credit will be sufficient to
meet the Company's working capital and other cash needs at least through the
year 1999.
Effects of Inflation
Inflation has not had a significant effect on the Company's business during
the past 3 years. The Company cannot predict what effect, if any, inflation
may have on its future results of operations.
1999 Outlook and Risks
Outlook. Management believes that RWD's outlook for revenue and income
growth in 1999 is positive. The principal reasons for management's positive
outlook are:
. Strong relationships with strategic alliance organizations.
. Recent strong growth in new clients.
. Expansion of the opportunity in Europe through active marketing of the
Company's services.
. Development of targeted services and marketing focus for specific
vertical markets through the Company's Industry Centers of Excellence
(ICOEs).
. Opportunity for accelerating growth in IT services and strong, but
moderating growth in ERP services.
. Emerging market demand for Lean Manufacturing services.
18
Risks. Certain statements contained herein, including statements regarding
development of the Company's services, markets, and future demand for the
Company's services, and other statements regarding matters that are not
historical facts, are forward-looking statements (as defined in the Private
Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995). Such forward-looking statements
include risks and uncertainties; consequently, actual results may differ
materially from those expressed or implied thereby. The following are some of
the factors that could cause the Company's actual future results of operations
to differ materially from management's expectations and historic trends:
. Strategic Alliances. RWD relies heavily on strategic alliances and
working relationships with other companies for joint marketing, client
referrals and references, as well as direct contract work. The Company's
relationships with allies, particularly SAP and PricewaterhouseCoopers,
as well as Documentum, Siebel, Lotus, POINT, Dataware, DLB, Microsoft,
Netscape, Baan, PeopleSoft, and Asymetrix have been, or are anticipated
to be, important sources of revenue. The Company also faces potential
competition from software companies, including its alliance organizations
who, through their client services groups, may choose to compete with
RWD. Most of these relationships are informal or terminable by either
party with minimal notice. The termination of, or adverse change in, any
of these alliances or relationships, particularly SAP and
PricewaterhouseCoopers, could impact the Company's ability to achieve its
1999 revenue and profitability goals.
. Geographic Expansion. During the second half of 1998, the Company
expanded its operations and marketing efforts in Europe and the United
Kingdom, including establishing offices and expatriating employees,
thereby incurring significant operating costs. If these efforts fail to
produce revenue at expected levels or within the timeframe predicted by
management, operating margins in 1999 would be adversely impacted. Also,
international operations present a number of risks, such as adverse
currency exchange rate fluctuations, trade barriers, cultural differences
and possible changes in taxes, laws, and policies governing the
operations of foreign-based companies. The Company has no control over
these factors, any of which could adversely affect the Company's results
of operations and demand for its services abroad.
. Enterprise Resource Planning Industry. During the past several years, a
substantial portion of the Company's revenue growth has come from
services provided to clients implementing ERP software systems developed
by SAP and others. During 1998, sales of ERP software by the major
software vendors began to slow, and industry observers are predicting a
further reduction in demand for ERP implementation services in 1999. As a
result, RWD expects that in 1999 its ERP service sector will not
experience the unusually high growth it experienced in 1998 and that
results for ERP services will be more difficult to forecast.
. Rapidly Changing Information Technology Sector. The Information
Technology industry is subject to significant and rapid changes in
technology and the demand for particular products and services. Recent
examples include the shift in demand away from custom software
development in favor of packaged software, the current slowdown in demand
for ERP software described above, as well as the difficult-to-predict
impact on Information Technology services of resolving the Year 2000
compliance problem. If RWD fails to identify shifting demand in the
Information Technology sector or does not develop the expertise necessary
to provide services for which there is new demand, the Company's revenue
growth and profitability could be adversely affected.
. Customer and Industry Revenue Concentration. The Company derives a
substantial amount of its revenue from a limited number of key clients.
In 1998, RWD's top 10 clients represented 61.9 percent of the Company's
total revenue, with clients in the automotive industry generating 37.9
percent of total revenue. Most of the Company's engagements have no
minimum purchase requirements and may be terminated by the client with
little or no notice to the Company. Many of these clients operate in
cyclical industries, such as petrochemicals and automobiles, which are
subject to economic factors that affect the clients' revenue and
profitability. If any of the Company's major clients discontinue doing
business with
19
the Company or reduce the amount of services they purchase from the
Company, the Company's revenue growth and profitability could be adversely
affected.
. Attracting and Retaining Personnel. The Company's growth will continue to
depend on its ability to attract, develop, and retain a sufficient number
of skilled professional employees. Technically qualified personnel are in
short supply, and there is intense competition for qualified people.
Also, the Company will need to assure that its technical personnel keep
current on rapid changes in technology. In addition, the Company's
operating costs may be higher than management expects if competition for
qualified people increases.
. Increasing Competition. In recent years, the Company has experienced
heightened competition, particularly in the ERP and IT segments of its
business. If competition continues to intensify, the Company may find it
more difficult to grow its revenue at rates comparable to historic growth
rates and to maintain its profit margins at historic levels.
. Other factors that could significantly impact the Company's results
include those outlined in the Company's Prospectus for its initial public
offering in June 1997. These factors include the Company's ability to
effectively manage its growth, the inherent variability of its operating
results, various risks associated with the success and profitability of
individual projects, and its dependence on key personnel.
Year 2000 Compliance
The Company commenced a process to ensure Year 2000 compliance of all
hardware, software, and ancillary equipment that are date dependent. The
process consists of four phases:
Phase I--Inventory and Data Collection. This phase involves an
identification of all systems that are date dependent. This phase was
completed during 1998.
Phase II--Compliance Requests. This phase involves requests to systems
vendors for verification that the systems identified in Phase I are Year
2000 compliant. The Company has identified and has begun to replace
critical systems that cannot be updated or certified as compliant. The
Company commenced this phase in the first quarter of 1999 and expects to
substantially complete this phase by the end of the first quarter of 1999.
To date, the Company has verified that its accounting, payroll, human
resources, banking, and local wide area network hardware and software
systems are substantially compliant. In addition, the Company has
determined that substantially all of its personal computers and PC
applications are compliant. The Company is currently reviewing its security
systems and other miscellaneous systems.
Phase III--Test, Fix, and Verify. This phase involves testing all systems
that are date dependent and upgrading all non-compliant systems. The
Company expects to complete this phase during the first and second quarters
of 1999.
Phase IV--Final Testing, New Item Compliance. This phase involves a
review of all systems for compliance and re-testing as necessary. During
this phase, all new systems and equipment will be tested for compliance.
The Company expects to complete this phase by the end of the second quarter
of 1999.
To date, the Company has no knowledge that any of its major systems are not
Year 2000 compliant or will not be compliant by the end of the second quarter
of 1999. The Company has not incurred significant expenditures and should
achieve substantial Year 2000 compliance without the need to acquire
significant new hardware, software, or systems other than in the ordinary
course of business. The Company is not aware of any non-compliance that would
have a material effect on its operations if not replaced or that would be
costly to replace. The Company is not aware of any non-compliance by its
suppliers that is likely to have material impact on the Company's business.
Nevertheless, there can be no assurance that unanticipated non-compliance will
not occur, that such non-compliance would not require material costs to repair
or that it would not cause material disruptions if not repaired.
20
The Company delivers software solutions to clients and believes that all
such software delivered over the past several years is Year 2000 compliant.
Because such software is usually the property of the client, the Company has
no control over modifications to the software by the client or over its
integration with other software, either of which could potentially cause Year
2000 compliance difficulties.
Item 8. Financial Statements
The financial statements of the Company are included on pages 24 through 27.
Item 9. Changes In And Disagreements With Accountants On Accounting And
Financial Disclosure
There were no changes in accountants, disagreements, or other events
requiring reporting under this item.
PART III.
Item 10. Directors And Executive Officers Of RWD Technologies, Inc.
Information required under this caption will be included in the Company's
Definitive Proxy Statement prepared in connection with the 1999 Annual Meeting
of Stockholders, which will be filed on or before April 7, 1999, and is
incorporated herein by reference.
Item 11. Executive Compensation
Information required under this caption will be included in the Company's
Definitive Proxy Statement prepared in connection with the 1999 Annual Meeting
of Stockholders, which will be filed on or before April 7, 1999, and is
incorporated herein by reference.
Item 12. Security Ownership Of Certain Beneficial Owners And Management
Information required under this caption will be included in the Company's
Definitive Proxy Statement prepared in connection with the 1999 Annual Meeting
of Stockholders, which will be filed on or before April 7, 1999, and is
incorporated herein by reference.
Item 13. Certain Relationships And Related Transactions
Information required under this caption will be included in the Company's
Definitive Proxy Statement prepared in connection with the 1999 Annual Meeting
of Stockholders, which will be filed on or before April 7, 1999, and is
incorporated herein by reference.
21
PART IV.
Item 14. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules, And Reports On Form 8-K
(a) The following documents are filed as a part of this report:
1. Financial Statements
The response to this portion of Item 14 is submitted as a separate
section of this report.
2. Financial Statement Schedules
Schedule II--Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
All other schedules for which provision is made in the applicable
accounting regulation of the Securities and Exchange Commission are
inapplicable and therefore have been omitted.
3. Exhibits
(a) Exhibits
Exhibit No Description
---------- -----------
3.01 Articles of Amendment and Restatement of the Charter**
3.02 Amended and Restated Bylaws**
4.01 Specimen Common Stock Certificate**
10.01 Maryland Full-Service Office Lease between the Company and Columbia
Management, Inc., dated as of January 1, 1994, as amended**
10.02 Amended and Restated Equity Participation Plan**
10.03 Employee Stock Purchase Plan**
10.04 Chrysler Corporation General Terms & Conditions/Clause Manual--
Facilities and Material Purchasing--General Terms and Conditions**
10.05 Letter Agreement from First National Bank of Maryland to the
Company, dated February 27, 1996, regarding $7.5 million unsecured
line of credit**
10.06 Form of Executive Employment Agreement**
10.07 1998 Omnibus Stock Incentive Plan*
21.01 Subsidiaries of the Registrant***
23.01 Consent of Arthur Andersen LLP***
24.01 Powers of Attorney***
27.01 Financial Data Schedule***
- --------
* Incorporated by reference to the Exhibits to the Company's 1997 Form 10-K,
dated March 25, 1998 (No. 000-22145).
** Incorporated by reference to the Exhibits to the Company's Registration
Statement on Form S-1 dated February 14, 1997 (No. 333-21779), as amended.
*** Filed herewith.
(b) Reports on Form 8-K. None were filed during the fourth quarter of
1998.
22
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by
the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized on March 19, 1999.
RWD Technologies, Inc.
(Registrant)
/s/ R.W. Deutsch
By: __________________________________
Robert W. Deutsch
Chairman of the Board, Chief
Executive Officer,
and Director (Principal Executive
Officer)
/s/ Ronald E. Holtz
By: __________________________________
Ronald E. Holtz
Vice President, Chief Financial
Officer
(Principal Financial and
Accounting Officer)
23
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of
RWD Technologies, Inc.:
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of RWD
Technologies, Inc., (a Maryland corporation) and subsidiaries as of December
31, 1997 and 1998, and the related consolidated statements of income, changes
in stockholders' equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the
period ended December 31, 1998. These consolidated financial statements are
the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to
express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our
audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with generally accepted auditing
standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to
obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial
statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on
a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the
consolidated financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the
accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as
well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe
that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above
present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of RWD
Technologies, Inc., and subsidiaries as of December 31, 1997 and 1998, and the
results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years
in the period ended December 31, 1998, in conformity with generally accepted
accounting principles.
/s/ Arthur Andersen LLP
Baltimore, Maryland
January 27, 1999
24
RWD Technologies, Inc., and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In thousands, except share data)
As of December
31,
---------------
1997 1998
------- -------
Assets
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents.................................... $ 3,619 $13,328
Investments, available-for-sale.............................. 36,426 37,896
Contract accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful
accounts of $428 and $239, respectively..................... 13,328 20,388
Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on
uncompleted contracts....................................... 4,779 7,889
Prepaid expenses and other................................... 1,013 1,199
------- -------
Total Current Assets....................................... 59,165 80,700
------- -------
Fixed Assets:
Furniture and fixtures....................................... 5,609 6,710
Office equipment............................................. 1,673 1,767
Computer equipment........................................... 8,055 10,370
Leasehold improvements....................................... 924 1,130
------- -------
Total Fixed Assets......................................... 16,261 19,977
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization............... 7,785 10,583
------- -------
Net Fixed Assets........................................... 8,476 9,394
------- -------
Other Assets................................................... 246 300
------- -------
Total Assets............................................. $67,887 $90,394
======= =======
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Current Liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued expenses........................ $ 1,292 $ 2,538
Accrued payroll and other.................................... 2,500 5,279
Accrued vacation payable..................................... 1,103 1,428
Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings on
uncompleted contracts....................................... 3,646 4,554
Deferred tax liability....................................... 1,191 471
Current portion of capital lease obligation.................. 52 31
------- -------
Total Current Liabilities.................................. 9,784 14,301
Noncurrent Liabilities:
Capital lease obligation, net of current portion............. 31 --
Deferred tax liability....................................... 2,090 1,298
Other liabilities............................................ 1,018 834
------- -------
Total Liabilities.......................................... 12,923 16,433
------- -------
Commitments and Contingencies
Stockholders' Equity:
Common stock, $.10 par value: authorized--50,000,000 shares;
issued and outstanding--14,424,315 and 15,017,731,
respectively................................................ 1,442 1,502
Accumulated comprehensive income............................. 25 81
Additional paid-in capital................................... 46,627 52,461
Retained earnings............................................ 6,870 19,917
------- -------
Total Stockholders' Equity................................. 54,964 73,961
------- -------
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity............... $67,887 $90,394
======= =======
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial
statements.
25
RWD Technologies, Inc., and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Income
(In thousands, except per share data)
Years Ended December 31,
--------------------------
1996 1997 1998
------- ------- --------
Revenue............................................ $65,006 $85,670 $114,719
Cost of services................................... 48,132 60,785 80,763
------- ------- --------
Gross profit..................................... 16,874 24,885 33,956
General and administrative expenses................ 8,137 11,141 14,474
------- ------- --------
Operating income................................... 8,737 13,744 19,482
Interest expense................................... (389) (191) (29)
Interest and other income.......................... 266 1,173 1,794
------- ------- --------
Income before taxes.............................. 8,614 14,726 21,247
Provision for income taxes (including the $4,500
deferred tax liability related to C corp.
conversion in 1997)............................... 365 8,053 8,131
------- ------- --------
Net income......................................... $ 8,249 $ 6,673 $ 13,116
======= ======= ========
Earnings per share:
Diluted calculation............................ $ 0.63 $ 0.46 $ 0.82
======= ======= ========
Basic calculation.............................. $ 0.76 $ 0.53 $ 0.88
======= ======= ========
Pro Forma Information:
Income before taxes, as reported................. $ 8,614 $14,726 $ 21,247
Pro forma income tax provision................... 3,446 5,725 8,131
------- ------- --------
Pro forma net income............................. $ 5,168 $ 9,001 $ 13,116
======= ======= ========
Pro forma earnings per share:
Diluted calculation............................ $ 0.40 $ 0.62 $ 0.82
======= ======= ========
Basic calculation.............................. $ 0.47 $ 0.71 $ 0.88
======= ======= ========
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Diluted calculation.............................. 13,030 14,470 16,016
======= ======= ========
Basic calculation................................ 10,902 12,747 14,895
======= ======= ========
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial
statements.
26
RWD Technologies, Inc., and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity
For the Years Ended December 31, 1996, 1997, and 1998
(In thousands)
Accumulated
Other Additional
Common Comprehensive Comprehensive Paid-In Retained
Stock Income Income Capital Earnings
------ ------------- ------------- ---------- --------
BALANCE, DECEMBER 31,
1995................... $ 485 $-- $ 2,748 $ 9,525
Net income.............. -- -- -- 8,249
Stock options
exercised.............. 5 -- 27 --
Common stock
repurchased............ (4) -- (21) (190)
S Corporation
distributions.......... -- -- -- (691)
------ ---- ------- -------
BALANCE, DECEMBER 31,
1996................... 486 -- 2,754 16,893
Comprehensive income:
Net income............ -- $ 6,673 -- -- 6,673
Unrealized gain on
securities........... -- 25 25 -- --
-------
Comprehensive income.... -- $ 6,698 -- -- --
=======
Stock options
exercised.............. 637 -- 6,200 --
Common stock
repurchased............ (9) -- (481) (332)
S Corporation
distributions.......... -- -- -- (16,364)
Initial Public
Offering............... 328 -- 38,154 --
------ ---- ------- -------
BALANCE, DECEMBER 31,
1997................... 1,442 25 46,627 6,870
Comprehensive income:
Net income............ -- $13,116 -- 13,116
Unrealized gain on
securities........... -- 56 56 -- --
-------
Comprehensive income.... -- $13,172 -- -- --
=======
Stock options
exercised.............. 56 -- 920 --
Directors' and other
options grants......... -- -- 53 --
Retirement and
cancellation of stock.. -- -- (4) (69)
Tax effect of non-
qualified stock option
exercises.............. -- -- 4,270 --
Employee stock purchase
plan purchases......... 4 -- 595 --
------ ---- ------- -------
BALANCE, DECEMBER 31,
1998................... $1,502 $ 81 $52,461 $19,917
====== ==== ======= =======
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial
statements.
27
RWD Technologies, Inc., and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(In thousands)
Years Ended December 31,
---------------------------
1996 1997 1998
-------- -------- --------
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net Income........................................ $ 8,249 $ 6,673 $ 13,116
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash
provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization................... 2,232 3,104 3,542
Loss (Gain) on sale of fixed assets............. 32 (19) 274
Deferred income taxes........................... -- 3,281 (1,411)
Increase in contract accounts receivable........ (533) (1,347) (7,060)
Decrease (Increase) in costs and estimated
earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted
contracts...................................... 508 (1,448) (3,110)
Decrease (Increase) in prepaid expenses and
other.......................................... 8 (154) (227)
Increase in accounts payable and accrued
expenses....................................... 572 3,552 8,172
Increase in billings in excess of costs and
estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts.... 829 957 908
Increase (Decrease) in other liabilities........ -- 1,018 (184)
------- -------- --------
Net cash provided by operating activities....... 11,897 15,617 14,020
------- -------- --------
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchases of investments, net................... -- (34,399) (1,414)
Purchase of fixed assets........................ (4,961) (3,719) (4,315)
Increase in other assets........................ (50) (123) (54)
Proceeds from sale of fixed assets.............. 8 36 26
------- -------- --------
Net cash used in investing activities........... (5,003) (38,205) (5,757)
------- -------- --------
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Principal portion paid on capital lease......... (18) (42) (52)
Payments under line of credit, net.............. (2,700) -- --
Payments of shareholder loans................... -- (3,800) --
Distributions to shareholders................... (691) (16,364) --
Public offering costs........................... (162) (4,042) --
Issuance of common stock........................ 32 47,744 1,571
Repurchase of common stock...................... (215) (820) (73)
------- -------- --------
Net cash (used in) provided by financing
activities..................................... (3,754) 22,676 1,446
------- -------- --------
NET INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS......... 3,140 88 9,709
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, beginning of year...... 391 3,531 3,619
------- -------- --------
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, end of year............ $ 3,531 $ 3,619 $ 13,328
======= ======== ========
Supplemental Cash Flow Disclosures:
Income taxes paid............................... $ 335 $ 2,735 $ 3,223
Interest paid................................... 389 188 17
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial
statements.
28
RWD TECHNOLOGIES, INC., AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies:
Organization and Business
RWD Technologies, Inc., and subsidiaries (the "Company") was incorporated on
January 22, 1988, in the State of Maryland. The Company provides a broad range
of integrated solutions designed to improve the productivity and effectiveness
of workers in complex operating environments.
The Company's operations depend upon, among other things, the Company's
ability to attract, develop, and retain a sufficient number of highly skilled
professional employees. In addition, the Company's revenue is generated from a
limited number of clients in specific industries. Future operations may be
affected by its ability to retain these clients and cyclical and economic
factors that could have an impact on those industries.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of
RWD Technologies, Inc., and its wholly owned subsidiaries and are presented on
the accrual basis of accounting in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles. All significant intercompany balances and transactions
have been eliminated in consolidation. The preparation of consolidated
financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting
principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect
the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent
assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated financial statements
and the reported amounts of total revenue and expenses during the reporting
period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Initial Public Offering (IPO)
The Company effected an initial public offering (IPO) of common stock during
1997, in which it sold 3.3 million shares of its common stock, par value $0.10
per share. The Company realized $38.5 million from the offering, net of
expenses. Also during 1997, prior to the IPO, the Company made a $16,364,000 S
Corporation distribution, representing earnings accumulated by the Company
while it was taxed as a Subchapter S corporation, which had not been
previously distributed to the stockholders. The proceeds of the IPO were used
to retire $3,800,000 of shareholder notes, and the Company continues to use
the remaining proceeds for working capital to support its planned growth and
for other general corporate purposes.
Stock Split
The Company effected a three-for-one stock split, effective March 21, 1997.
All share data included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements
and notes thereto are as if the stock split had occurred prior to the periods
presented.
Investments
Investments as of December 31, 1997 and 1998, consisted of U.S. government
and tax-exempt municipal securities that mature within one year. As of
December 31, 1997 and 1998, $36,426,000 and $37,896,000 respectively, were
classified as available-for-sale and were recorded at market value, with the
change in market value being recorded as a component of stockholders' equity
as of December 31, 1997 and 1998.
Financial Instruments
Financial instruments as of December 31, 1997 and 1998, consist of cash,
investments, receivables, payables, debt, and a capital lease obligation, all
of which the carrying amounts approximate market value.
29
RWD TECHNOLOGIES, INC., AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
Fixed Assets
Fixed assets are stated at cost. Depreciation and amortization is computed
using the straight-line method based on the estimated useful lives, as
follows:
Furniture and fixtures....................................... 7 years
Office equipment............................................. 5 years
Computer equipment........................................... 3 years
Leasehold improvements....................................... 7-10 years
The depreciation and amortization expense for 1996, 1997, and 1998, was
$2,232,000, $3,104,000, and $3,542,000, respectively.
Revenue Recognition
Almost all of RWD's revenue is generated from professional fees. The
majority of the Company's contracts are on a time-and-materials basis,
although many of the contracts contain initial "not-to-exceed" fees and
Company performance obligations. The remainder of the Company's contracts are
on a fixed-bid basis. Revenue is recognized using the percentage of completion
method. The Company's contracts generally vary in length from one to 36
months.
Earned revenue is based on the percentage that direct labor and other
contract costs incurred to date bear to total estimated costs, after giving
effect to the most recent estimates of total cost. The cumulative impact of
revisions in total cost estimates during the progress of work is reflected in
the period in which these changes become known. Earned revenue reflects the
original contract price adjusted for agreed-upon claim and change order
revenue, if any. Losses expected to be incurred on jobs in process, after
consideration of estimated minimum recoveries from claims and change orders,
are charged to income as soon as such losses are known.
Income Taxes
Prior to June, 1997, the Company had elected to be taxed under the
provisions of Subchapter S of the Internal Revenue Code, which provide that,
in lieu of corporate, federal, and some state income taxes, the stockholders
are taxed on their proportionate share of the Company's taxable income. In
conjunction with the IPO of the Company's common stock during 1997, the
Company elected to change its tax status from an S Corporation to a C
Corporation. As a result of the Company's Subchapter S election, the
accompanying consolidated statements of income do not include an income tax
provision for federal and most state income taxes during the periods of the S
Corporation election; however, pro forma adjustments have been made to reflect
the income tax provision as if the Company was taxed as a C Corporation during
all periods. The pro forma adjustments have been made at an effective rate of
40.0 percent, which is the tax rate that would have been in effect had the
Company been taxed as a C Corporation for the duration of each of those
periods.
Earnings Per Share (EPS)
During 1997, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued
Statement No. 128 (SFAS No. 128), "Earnings Per Share," which establishes new
standards for computing and presenting earnings per share. The Company adopted
SFAS No. 128 during 1997 and has restated earnings per share data presented to
reflect the new standard. SFAS No. 128 requires presentation of basic earnings
per share and diluted earnings per share. The weighted average shares used to
calculate basic and diluted earnings per share for 1996, 1997, and 1998, in
accordance with SFAS No. 128 are as follows:
30
RWD TECHNOLOGIES, INC., AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
For the Years Ended December 31,
--------------------------------
1996 1997 1998
---------- ---------- ----------
Basic EPS:
Common stock outstanding.................. 4,858,000 6,703,000 14,895,000
Majority stockholder shares issued in
conjunction with the IPO................. 5,370,000 5,370,000 --
Assumed IPO shares for S Corp.
distribution............................. 674,000 674,000 --
---------- ---------- ----------
Weighted average shares outstanding for
basic EPS (pro forma).................. 10,902,000 12,747,000 14,895,000
Diluted EPS:
Dilutive effect of common stock
equivalents.............................. 2,128,000 1,723,000 1,121,000
---------- ---------- ----------
Weighted average shares outstanding for
diluted EPS (pro forma)................ 13,030,000 14,470,000 16,016,000
========== ========== ==========
The majority stockholder exercised options to acquire 5,370,000 shares
concurrent with the completion of the IPO during 1997. The weighted average
shares outstanding during 1996 and 1997 have been pro forma adjusted as if the
majority stockholder's 5,370,000 shares exercised were outstanding for all
periods presented and to include the effect of shares that would have had to
have been issued during 1996 and 1997, prior to the IPO (at the IPO price of
$13.00 per share, less the underwriting discount expenses) to generate
sufficient cash to fund the portion of the $16,400,000 S Corporation
distribution that was in excess of the net income for 1996. While this
assumption of how the S Corporation distribution was funded was made to
calculate the EPS for 1996 and 1997, the Company used operating cash flows,
and not IPO proceeds, to fund the S Corporation distribution. Weighted average
shares outstanding for calculating dilutive EPS includes basic shares
outstanding, plus shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options, using
the treasury stock method. Market value of the Company's stock prior to the
IPO was assumed to be the IPO price per share of $13.00. The options
outstanding as of December 31, 1996, were assumed to be outstanding for all of
1996.
New Accounting Standards
During 1998, the Company adopted Statement No. 130, "Reporting Comprehensive
Income" (SFAS No. 130). This statement establishes standards for reporting and
displaying comprehensive income and its components. Comprehensive income is
defined as the change in equity of a business enterprise during a period from
transactions and other events and circumstances from nonowner sources.
Also, during 1998, the Company adopted Statement No. 131, "Disclosures about
Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information" (SFAS No. 131). This
statement establishes revised standards under which an entity must report
business segment information in its financial statements and what segment
information must be disclosed. See Note 4 for segment reporting disclosure.
31
RWD TECHNOLOGIES, INC., AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
2. Costs and Estimated Earnings on Contracts in Process:
As of December 31,
-----------------------
1997 1998
----------- -----------
Cost incurred and estimated earnings on uncompleted
contracts......................................... $77,981,000 $88,248,000
Less: Billings to date on uncompleted contracts.... 76,848,000 84,913,000
----------- -----------
Net unbilled revenues.............................. $ 1,133,000 $ 3,335,000
=========== ===========
Included in the accompanying consolidated balance
sheets under the following captions:
Costs and estimated earnings in excess of
billings on uncompleted contracts............... $ 4,779,000 $ 7,889,000
Billings in excess of costs and estimated
earnings on uncompleted contracts............... 3,646,000 4,554,000
----------- -----------
Net unbilled revenues.......................... $ 1,133,000 $ 3,335,000
=========== ===========
Generally, contracts provide for the billing of costs incurred and estimated
fees on primarily a monthly basis. Amounts recorded in "costs and estimated
earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts" in the accompanying
consolidated financial statements will be billed within twelve months of the
balance sheet date.
3. Debt:
During 1997, the Company had two loans payable to principal stockholders of
the Company which were repaid during 1997. Interest expense on these loans
during 1996 and 1997 was $342,000 and $165,000, respectively.
The Company has a line of credit agreement with a bank that extends to
working capital (Facility A) and vehicle and equipment purchases or leases
(Facility B). Facility A is an unsecured line of $10,000,000 at an interest
rate equivalent to the 30-day LIBOR rate plus 1.0 percent. Facility B is
secured by the specific vehicles or equipment being leased or purchased, and
advances under this $250,000 line are limited to 80 percent of the cost of
assets purchased or 100 percent of the cost of assets leased. Interest under
this agreement is at the 30-day LIBOR rate, plus 1.0 percent. During 1996,
1997, and 1998, the average month-end outstanding balance, the highest balance
outstanding, the weighted average interest rate, and the interest rate at end
of the year were as follows:
For the Years Ended December 31,
------------------------------------
1996 1997 1998
-------------- --------------------
Average month-end
outstanding balance.... $ 58,000 $ -- $ --
Highest balance
outstanding............ 2,700,000 -- --
Weighted average
interest rate.......... 7.2% -- --
Interest rate at end of
the year............... 7.4% 6.2% 6.1%
4. Business Segments:
The Company believes it has reportable operating segments, as defined by
SFAS No. 131. The Company has identified four distinct operating segments:
Information Technology Services; Enterprise Resource Planning Services; Lean
Manufacturing Consulting Services; and Technology Performance Support
Services.
32
RWD TECHNOLOGIES, INC., AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
The accounting policies for these segments are the same as those described
in the summary of significant accounting policies. Depreciation and
amortization expense is reported in each operating segment. However, the
Company's tangible assets are not managed as distinct asset groups. All
tangible assets are recorded at the corporate level with depreciation expense
allocated to operating segments based on headcount. Interest expense, interest
income, and income taxes are reported at the corporate level only and are not
disclosed below.
For the Years Ended December 31,
------------------------------------
1996 1997 1998
----------- ----------- ------------
Revenue (all external):
Information Technology................. $15,490,000 $22,725,000 $ 27,050,000
Enterprise Resource Planning........... 14,162,000 18,204,000 38,437,000
Lean Manufacturing Consulting.......... 7,934,000 12,936,000 18,181,000
Technology Performance Support......... 27,420,000 31,805,000 31,051,000
----------- ----------- ------------
Total Revenue............................ $65,006,000 $85,670,000 $114,719,000
=========== =========== ============
Gross Profit:
Information Technology................. $ 5,916,000 $ 9,292,000 $ 9,925,000
Enterprise Resource Planning........... 3,357,000 4,768,000 11,065,000
Lean Manufacturing Consulting.......... 1,676,000 3,174,000 6,052,000
Technology Performance Support......... 5,925,000 7,651,000 6,914,000
----------- ----------- ------------
Total Gross Profit....................... $16,874,000 $24,885,000 $ 33,956,000
=========== =========== ============
Depreciation and Amortization Expense
Allocated To Segments:
Information Technology................. $ 209,000 $ 468,000 $ 592,000
Enterprise Resource Planning........... 263,000 443,000 838,000
Lean Manufacturing Consulting.......... 133,000 168,000 206,000
Technology Performance Support......... 597,000 812,000 788,000
----------- ----------- ------------
Total Allocated to Segments.............. 1,202,000 1,891,000 2,424,000
Amount not Allocated to Segments......... 1,030,000 1,213,000 1,118,000
----------- ----------- ------------
Total Depreciation and Amortization
Expense................................. $ 2,232,000 $ 3,104,000 $ 3,542,000
=========== =========== ============
Revenue (by geography):
United States.......................... $63,877,000 $76,757,000 $101,626,000
Non-United States...................... 1,129,000 8,913,000 13,093,000
----------- ----------- ------------
Total Revenue............................ $65,006,000 $85,670,000 $114,719,000
=========== =========== ============
Significant Clients
Automobile industry clients generated an aggregate of 40.7 percent, 44.4
percent, and 37.9 percent of the Company's total revenue in 1996, 1997, and
1998, respectively. Telecommunications industry clients generated an aggregate
of 6.7 percent, 10.1 percent, and 10.4 percent of the Company's total revenue
in 1996, 1997, and 1998, respectively. Sales to one client during 1996, 1997,
and 1998 were approximately 28.5 percent, 28.1 percent, and 22.4 percent,
respectively, of total revenue. Sales to another client were approximately
14.0 percent of total revenue in 1997 and 12.2 percent of total revenue in
1998. No other client represented more than 10 percent of the Company's total
revenue in any of these periods.
33
RWD TECHNOLOGIES, INC., AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
5. Commitments and Contingencies:
Commitments
The Company leases office facilities under various operating leases that
expire through December 31, 2003. The leases require the Company to pay for a
portion of common area maintenance expenses and real estate taxes. Rent
expense was $2,016,000, $2,567,000, and $3,162,000 in 1996, 1997, and 1998,
respectively. During 1996, the Company entered into a capital lease obligation
for a copy machine. Future minimum payments under these leases, as of December
31, 1998, were as follows:
Capital Operating
Year Ending December 31, Lease Leases
------------------------ ------- ----------
1999..................................................... $33,000 $3,394,000
2000..................................................... -- 3,108,000
2001..................................................... -- 2,437,000
2002..................................................... -- 1,934,000
2003..................................................... -- 1,838,000
Total minimum lease payments........................... 33,000
Less: Amounts representing imputed interest............ 2,000
-------
Present value of net minimum payments.................. $31,000
=======
The Company has entered into employment agreements with six key employees
with initial terms of three years, and subject to successive one year
renewals. Five of these agreements end in January, 2000 and the other ends in
January, 2002.
Litigation
The Company is party to litigation from time to time arising in the ordinary
course of its business. It is management's opinion, after consultation with
its legal counsel, that none of the outcomes of known claims, whether
individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on the
Company's financial position or results of operations.
6. Stock Option and Purchase Agreements:
The Company has stock option plans whereby the Board of Directors, at its
discretion, can award employees and outside directors options to purchase
shares of the Company's common stock. Options for 6,065,000 shares are
authorized under these plans. The options granted to employees under these
plans vest over five years at a rate of 20 percent per year. Options have been
granted with expiration dates that vary from ten years following the date of
grant to eleven years after the first vesting date. In addition, all options
expire within 30 days of any individual employee's termination of employment.
The options granted to non-employee directors vest ratably over a three-year
period, beginning one year after grant, and expire ten years after the first
vesting date. The Company has also granted stock options to certain key
employees under terms similar to other employee option grants.
The Company accounts for its stock-based compensation plans as permitted by
FASB Statement No. 123, "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation," which
allows the Company to follow Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25 ("APB
No. 25"), "Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees" and recognize no
compensation cost for options granted at fair market prices. The Company has
computed, for pro forma
34
RWD TECHNOLOGIES, INC., AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
disclosure purposes, the value of all compensatory options granted during
1996, 1997, and 1998, using the Black-Schools option pricing model. The
following assumptions were used for grants:
For the Years Ended December 31,
----------------------------------
1996 1997 1998
---------- ---------- ----------
Risk-free interest rate (range).......... 6.2%-6.7% 5.5%-6.5% 4.5%-5.5%
Expected dividend yield.................. 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Expected lives........................... 5 years 5 years 5 years
Expected volatility...................... 42.0% 42.0% 51.0%
Options were assumed to be exercised upon vesting for the purposes of this
valuation. Adjustments were also made for options assumed forfeited prior to
vesting. Had compensation costs for compensatory options been determined
consistent with SFAS No. 123, the Company's pro forma net income and earnings
per share information reflected on the accompanying consolidated statements of
income would have been reduced to the following "as adjusted" amounts:
For the Years Ended December 31,
---------------------------------
1996 1997 1998
---------- ---------- -----------
Net Income:
As reported............................. $5,168,000 $9,001,000 $13,116,000
As adjusted............................. 5,039,000 8,606,000 11,814,000
Basic Earnings Per Share:
As reported............................. $ 0.47 $ 0.71 $ 0.88
As adjusted............................. 0.46 0.68 0.79
Diluted Earnings Per Share:
As reported............................. $ 0.40 $ 0.62 $ 0.82
As adjusted............................. 0.39 0.59 0.74
The Company's stock did not trade prior to June 1997.
The following table summarizes all stock option and purchase right activity
during 1996, 1997, and 1998.
Number of Shares
---------------------
Key Party
Option Employee Exercise Price
Agreements Plan Per Share
---------- --------- --------------
Outstanding as of December 31, 1995...... 6,000,000 2,303,000 $ 0.67-1.00
Granted................................ -- 1,069,000 6.00
Exercised.............................. (10,000) (36,000) 0.67-1.00
Terminated............................. -- (132,000) 0.67-1.00
---------- ---------
Outstanding as of December 31, 1996...... 5,990,000 3,204,000 0.67-6.00
Granted................................ -- 755,000 6.00-20.00
Exercised.............................. (5,944,000) (388,000) 0.67-20.00
Terminated............................. (39,000) (239,000) 0.67-20.00
---------- ---------
Outstanding as of December 31, 1997...... 7,000 3,332,000 0.67-20.00
Granted................................ -- 1,039,000 17.38-24.00
Exercised.............................. (6,000) (552,000) 0.67-20.00
Terminated............................. -- (263,000) 0.67-24.00
---------- ---------
Outstanding as of December 31, 1998...... 1,000 3,556,000 0.67-24.00
========== =========
35
RWD TECHNOLOGIES, INC., AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
Weighted average fair value of options granted for the years ended December
31, 1996, 1997, and 1998, was $2.78, $8.68, and $8.98, respectively. These
fair values were calculated using the Black-Schools option pricing model.
During 1997, the Company approved an employee stock purchase plan (the
"Stock Purchase Plan"). The Stock Purchase Plan qualifies as an "employee
stock purchase plan" under Section 423 of the Code. All regular full-time
employees of the Company (including officers), and all other employees whose
customary employment is for more than 20 hours per week are eligible to
participate in the Stock Purchase Plan. Directors who are not employees are
not eligible. A maximum of 175,000 shares of the Company's common stock are
reserved for issuance under the Stock Purchase Plan and available for purchase
thereunder, subject to antidilution adjustments in the event of certain
changes in the capital structure of the Company. Participants are permitted to
withhold up to 10 percent of eligible compensation. No more than 2,000 shares
of stock can be purchased by a participant. The purchase price of stock is 85
percent of the fair market value of the Company's common stock on the first or
last business day of the offering period, whichever is lower. Offering periods
will run for consecutive six-month periods, with the current offering period
ending April 30, 1999. During 1998, 38,000 shares of stock with a par value of
$0.10 were purchased under the Stock Purchase Plan with payroll deferrals and
accumulated interest of $599,000. At year end, 137,000 shares remained
available for sale.
7. Retirement Savings Plan:
The Company has a retirement savings plan (401(k) plan) whereby employees
may contribute up to the limits established by the Internal Revenue Service.
The Company, at the discretion of the Board of Directors, may choose to match
employee contributions up to 15 percent of each employee's compensation. The
Company's contribution expense during 1996, 1997, and 1998 was $1,102,000,
$1,247,000 and $1,615,000, respectively.
8. Income Taxes:
In connection with the Company's conversion from an S Corporation to a C
Corporation during 1997, the Company recognized a $4,500,000 income tax
provision during 1997 to establish deferred taxes related to the conversion.
The provisions for income taxes were as follows:
As of December 31,
------------------------------
1996 1997 1998
-------- ---------- ----------
Current:
Federal.................................... $ -- $3,752,000 $8,198,000
State...................................... 365,000 1,020,000 1,344,000
Deferred:
Federal.................................... -- 2,981,000 (1,242,000)
State...................................... -- 300,000 (169,000)
-------- ---------- ----------
Total provision.............................. $365,000 $8,053,000 $8,131,000
======== ========== ==========
36
RWD TECHNOLOGIES, INC., AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
The statutory federal income tax rate, reconciled to the effective tax rate
provision is as follows:
For the Years Ended December 31,
----------------------------------
1996 1997 1998
---------- ---------- ----------
Statutory federal income tax rate
(34%).................................. $2,929,000 $5,007,000 $7,224,000
State income taxes, net of federal
income tax effect...................... 456,000 700,000 887,000
Effect of S Corporation income taxes
shareholders........................... (3,092,000) (1,945,000) --
Effect of change to C Corporation
shareholders........................... -- 4,500,000 --
Other................................... 72,000 (209,000) 20,000
---------- ---------- ----------
Total................................. $ 365,000 $8,053,000 $8,131,000
========== ========== ==========
Temporary differences arise between the financial reporting and income tax
basis carrying amounts of assets and liabilities, which gives rise to deferred
income taxes. The Company's net deferred tax liability as of December 31, 1997
and 1998, and the elements of the deferred tax liability are as follows:
1997 1998
---------- ----------
Deferred Tax Liabilities:
Depreciation and amortization....................... $ 105,000 $ 67,000
Cash basis of accounting for income taxes........... 2,978,000 2,462,000
Accrued expenses and other.......................... 198,000 (760,000)
---------- ----------
Net deferred tax liability........................ $3,281,000 $1,769,000
========== ==========
37
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of
RWD Technologies, Inc:
We have audited in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards,
the consolidated financial statements of RWD Technologies, Inc., (a Maryland
corporation) and subsidiaries included in this Form 10-K and have issued our
report thereon dated January 27, 1999. Our audit was made for the purpose of
forming an opinion on the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a
whole. The accompanying schedule is presented for purposes of complying with
the Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and is not part of the basic
consolidated financial statements. This schedule has been subjected to the
auditing procedures applied in the audit of the basic consolidated financial
statements and, in our opinion, fairly states in all material respects the
financial data required to be set forth therein in relation to the basic
consolidated financial statements taken as a whole.
/s/ Arthur Andersen LLP
Baltimore, Maryland
January 27, 1999
38
RWD TECHNOLOGIES, INC., AND SUBSIDIARIES
Schedule II--Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
For the Years Ended December 31, 1996, 1997, and 1998
(In thousands)
Balance as of Additions Balance as of
Beginning Charges to End of
of Period Expense Deductions Period
------------- ---------- ---------- -------------
Allowance for doubtful
accounts
Year ended December 31,
1996....................... $412 -- $28 $384
Year ended December 31,
1997....................... 384 44 -- 428
Year ended December 31,
1998....................... 428 -- 189 239
39