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Table of Contents

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 


 

FORM 10-Q

 


 

x   QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2003

 

OR

 

¨   TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the transition period from            to            

 

Commission File Number: 0-27527

 


 

PLUG POWER INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 


 

968 ALBANY-SHAKER ROAD, LATHAM, NEW YORK 12110

(Address of registrant’s principal executive office)

 

(518) 782-7700

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

 

Delaware

 

22-3672377

(State or other jurisdiction of Incorporation)

 

(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

 


 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Sections 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ¨

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  x    No  ¨

 

The number of shares of common stock outstanding as of April 30, 2003 was 60,075,536 with a par value of $.01 per share.

 



Table of Contents

 

PLUG POWER INC.

 

INDEX to FORM 10-Q

 

    

Page


PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

    

Item 1—Financial Statements

    

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets—December 31, 2002 and March 31, 2003

  

3

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations—Three Month Periods ended March 31, 2002 and March 31, 2003 and Cumulative Amounts from Inception

  

4

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows—Three Month Periods ended March 31, 2002 and March 31, 2003 and Cumulative Amounts from Inception

  

5

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

  

6–13

Item 2—Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

  

14–20

Item 3—Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

  

20

Item 4—Controls and Procedures

  

20

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

    

Item 1—Legal Proceedings

  

21

Item 2—Changes in Securities and Use of Proceeds

  

21

Item 4—Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders

  

21

Item 5—Other Information

  

21

Item 6—Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-K

  

22

Signatures

  

23

Certifications Pursuant to Section 302(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

  

24–25

 

2


Table of Contents

 

Plug Power Inc. and Subsidiaries

(A Development Stage Enterprise)

 

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

 

    

December 31, 2002


    

March 31, 2003


 

Assets

                 

Current assets:

                 

Cash and cash equivalents

  

$

27,257,641

 

  

$

54,004,319

 

Restricted cash

  

 

325,000

 

  

 

325,000

 

Marketable securities

  

 

28,590,378

 

  

 

22,847,333

 

Accounts receivable

  

 

4,145,328

 

  

 

3,693,833

 

Inventory

  

 

2,031,995

 

  

 

2,884,294

 

Prepaid development costs

  

 

2,145,265

 

  

 

1,780,504

 

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

  

 

2,639,630

 

  

 

2,467,342

 

    


  


Total current assets

  

 

67,135,237

 

  

 

88,002,625

 

Restricted cash

  

 

4,675,274

 

  

 

4,675,274

 

Property, plant and equipment, net

  

 

26,320,676

 

  

 

26,597,174

 

Intangible asset

  

 

514,847

 

  

 

5,500,000

 

Investment in affiliates

  

 

9,488,762

 

  

 

9,003,561

 

Goodwill

  

 

—  

 

  

 

8,730,229

 

Other assets

  

 

547,995

 

  

 

520,595

 

    


  


Total assets

  

$

108,682,791

 

  

$

143,029,458

 

    


  


Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity

                 

Current liabilities:

                 

Accounts payable

  

$

947,839

 

  

$

1,852,904

 

Accrued expenses

  

 

3,103,135

 

  

 

5,260,138

 

Deferred revenue

  

 

5,878,784

 

  

 

4,565,485

 

Current portion of capital lease obligation and long-term debt

  

 

329,706

 

  

 

344,582

 

    


  


Total current liabilities

  

 

10,259,464

 

  

 

12,023,109

 

Long-term debt

  

 

4,644,288

 

  

 

4,756,438

 

Deferred grant revenue

  

 

200,000

 

  

 

150,000

 

Other liabilities

  

 

882,271

 

  

 

896,656

 

    


  


Total liabilities

  

 

15,986,023

 

  

 

17,826,203

 

    


  


Stockholders’ equity:

                 

Preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share; 5,000,000 shares authorized; none issued and outstanding

  

 

—  

 

  

 

—  

 

Common stock, $0.01 par value per share; 245,000,000 shares authorized; 50,997,073 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2002 and 60,062,253 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2003

  

 

509,971

 

  

 

600,623

 

Paid-in capital

  

 

347,747,664

 

  

 

393,930,394

 

Deficit accumulated during the development stage

  

 

(255,560,867

)

  

 

(269,327,762

)

    


  


Total stockholders’ equity

  

 

92,696,768

 

  

 

125,203,255

 

    


  


Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

  

$

108,682,791

 

  

$

143,029,458

 

    


  


 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

 

3


Table of Contents

 

Plug Power Inc. and Subsidiaries

(A Development Stage Enterprise)

 

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

 

    

Three months ended March 31,


    

Cumulative Amounts from Inception


 
    

2002


    

2003


    

Revenue

                          

Product and service revenue

  

$

2,572,537

 

  

$

2,033,063

 

  

$

14,033,300

 

Research and development contract revenue

  

 

331,729

 

  

 

919,292

 

  

 

33,591,871

 

    


  


  


Total revenue

  

 

2,904,266

 

  

 

2,952,355

 

  

 

47,625,171

 

Cost of revenue and expenses

                          

Cost of revenues

  

 

1,691,164

 

  

 

1,765,983

 

  

 

63,041,093

 

In-process research and development

  

 

—  

 

  

 

3,000,000

 

  

 

12,026,640

 

Research and development expense:

                          

Noncash stock-based compensation

  

 

69,013

 

  

 

226,125

 

  

 

2,778,330

 

Other research and development

  

 

10,857,747

 

  

 

9,905,330

 

  

 

200,586,286

 

General and administrative expense:

                          

Noncash stock-based compensation

  

 

343,076

 

  

 

21,001

 

  

 

12,041,171

 

Other general and administrative

  

 

1,417,169

 

  

 

1,500,727

 

  

 

33,408,219

 

    


  


  


Operating loss

  

 

(11,473,903

)

  

 

(13,466,811

)

  

 

(276,256,568

)

Interest income

  

 

487,373

 

  

 

202,237

 

  

 

17,429,290

 

Interest expense

  

 

(24,977

)

  

 

(17,120

)

  

 

(926,295

)

    


  


  


Loss before equity in losses of affiliates

  

 

(11,011,507

)

  

 

(13,281,694

)

  

 

(259,753,573

)

Equity in losses of affiliates

  

 

(584,375

)

  

 

(485,201

)

  

 

(9,574,189

)

    


  


  


Net loss

  

$

(11,595,882

)

  

$

(13,766,895

)

  

$

(269,327,762

)

    


  


  


Loss per share:

                          

Basic and diluted

  

$

(0.23

)

  

$

(0.27

)

        
    


  


        

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding

  

 

50,345,437

 

  

 

51,664,671

 

        
    


  


        

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

 

4


Table of Contents

 

Plug Power Inc. and Subsidiaries

(A Development Stage Enterprise)

 

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

 

    

Three months ended March 31,


    

Cumulative Amounts from

Inception


 
    

2002


    

2003


    

Cash Flows From Operating Activities:

                          

Net loss

  

$

(11,595,882

)

  

$

(13,766,895

)

  

$

(269,327,762

)

Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:

                          

Depreciation and amortization

  

 

1,226,756

 

  

 

1,099,001

 

  

 

16,405,196

 

Equity in losses of affiliates

  

 

584,375

 

  

 

485,201

 

  

 

9,574,189

 

Amortization of intangible asset

  

 

638,414

 

  

 

514,847

 

  

 

9,624,500

 

Noncash prepaid development costs

  

 

377,391

 

  

 

364,761

 

  

 

8,219,496

 

Amortization of deferred grant revenue

  

 

(50,000

)

  

 

(50,000

)

  

 

(650,000

)

Stock based compensation

  

 

569,139

 

  

 

247,126

 

  

 

15,283,425

 

Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment

  

 

—  

 

  

 

—  

 

  

 

32,493

 

In-kind services

  

 

—  

 

  

 

—  

 

  

 

1,340,000

 

Amortization and write-off of deferred rent

  

 

—  

 

  

 

—  

 

  

 

2,000,000

 

In-process research and development

  

 

—  

 

  

 

3,000,000

 

  

 

7,042,640

 

Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisition:

                          

Accounts receivable

  

 

1,746,274

 

  

 

624,495

 

  

 

(3,520,833

)

Inventory

  

 

42,378

 

  

 

(99,934

)

  

 

(2,131,929

)

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

  

 

(104,880

)

  

 

1,809,590

 

  

 

(808,126

)

Accounts payable and accrued expenses

  

 

80,373

 

  

 

(1,398,378

)

  

 

2,604,488

 

Deferred revenue

  

 

(1,271,767

)

  

 

(1,313,299

)

  

 

5,365,485

 

    


  


  


Net cash used in operating activities

  

 

(7,757,429

)

  

 

(8,483,485

)

  

 

(198,946,738

)

    


  


  


Cash Flows From Investing Activities:

                          

Proceeds from acquisition

  

 

—  

 

  

 

36,521,491

 

  

 

36,521,491

 

Integration costs and expenses associated with acquisition

  

 

—  

 

  

 

(7,055,750

)

  

 

(7,055,750

)

Purchase of property, plant and equipment

  

 

(479,913

)

  

 

(49,135

)

  

 

(29,510,061

)

Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment

  

 

—  

 

  

 

—  

 

  

 

310,666

 

Purchase of intangible asset

  

 

—  

 

  

 

—  

 

  

 

(9,624,500

)

Investment in affiliate

  

 

—  

 

  

 

—  

 

  

 

(1,500,000

)

Marketable securities

  

 

15,375,043

 

  

 

5,800,837

 

  

 

(22,789,541

)

    


  


  


Cash provided by (used in) investing activities

  

 

14,895,130

 

  

 

35,217,443

 

  

 

(33,647,695

)

    


  


  


Cash Flows From Financing Activities:

                          

Proceeds from issuance of common stock

  

 

—  

 

  

 

—  

 

  

 

140,342,782

 

Proceeds from initial public offering, net

  

 

—  

 

  

 

—  

 

  

 

94,611,455

 

Proceeds from secondary public offering, net

  

 

—  

 

  

 

—  

 

  

 

52,017,750

 

Stock issuance costs

  

 

—  

 

  

 

—  

 

  

 

(2,068,776

)

Proceeds from shares issued for stock option exercises and employee stock purchase plan

  

 

232,386

 

  

 

13,965

 

  

 

8,144,508

 

Cash placed in escrow

  

 

—  

 

  

 

—  

 

  

 

(5,000,274

)

Principal payments on long-term debt and capital lease obligations

  

 

(9,509

)

  

 

(1,245

)

  

 

(1,448,693

)

    


  


  


Net cash provided by financing activities

  

 

222,877

 

  

 

12,720

 

  

 

286,598,752

 

    


  


  


Increase in cash and cash equivalents

  

 

7,360,578

 

  

 

26,746,678

 

  

 

54,004,319

 

Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period

  

 

53,648,145

 

  

 

27,257,641

 

  

 

—  

 

    


  


  


Cash and cash equivalents, end of period

  

$

61,008,723

 

  

$

54,004,319

 

  

$

54,004,319

 

    


  


  


The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

 

5


Table of Contents

 

Plug Power Inc.

 

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

 

1.    Nature of Operations

 

Description of Business

 

Plug Power Inc. and subsidiaries (Company), was originally formed as a joint venture between Edison Development Corporation (EDC) and Mechanical Technology Incorporated (MTI) in the State of Delaware on June 27, 1997 and succeeded by merger to all of the assets, liabilities and equity of Plug Power, L.L.C. in November 1999.

 

The Company is a development stage enterprise formed to design, develop and manufacture on-site electric power generation systems utilizing proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells for stationary applications. The Company is focused on fuel cell systems with electrical output of approximately 1-100-kilowatts (kW), fueled by natural gas, liquid petroleum gas (LPG), and hydrogen gas for a variety of stationary applications. The Company is developing an architected technology platform from which it expects to offer multiple point products, ranging from DC back-up power for telecom applications to AC prime power for residential and light commercial applications.

 

The Company’s initial product is a fully integrated, grid-parallel 5-kW fuel cell system that operates on natural gas. This initial product is being marketed to a select number of customers, including utilities, government entities and the Company’s distribution partners, GE Fuel Cell Systems, LLC and DTE Energy Technologies, Inc. The initial product is intended to offer quality power, provide valuable field testing experience and data and demonstrate fuel cells as a preferred form of alternative distributed power generation. In June 2002, the Company’s 5-kW product became the first fuel cell system to be certified by the California Energy Commission under the state’s Rule 21 grid interconnection standard, and in July, the Company launched the GenSysTM 5C, which added the capability of capturing heat for combined heat and power applications. In October, the Company added stand-by capability and launched the GenSysTM 5CS. Stand-by capability allows the fuel cell system to provide power to critical loads upon grid interruption. The Company expects subsequent product enhancements to expand the market opportunity for its fuel cells by lowering the installed cost, decreasing operating and maintenance costs, increasing efficiency, and improving reliability.

 

Recent Developments

 

Acquisition of H Power Corp.: On March 25, 2003, the Company consummated a merger transaction with H Power Corp.  (“H Power”), a company also involved in the design, development and manufacture of proton exchange membrane fuel cells and fuel cell systems, pursuant to which the Company acquired all of the outstanding shares of H Power in a stock-for-stock exchange. In connection with the transaction, H Power stockholders received 0.8305 shares of the Company’s common stock for each share of  H Power common stock held immediately prior to the transaction resulting in the issuance of 8,950,113 shares of the Company’s common stock. Immediately following the transaction, the Company had 60,049,328 shares outstanding and H Power became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Plug Power. For further information, see note 5 entitled “Acquisition of H Power Corp.” in the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-Q.

 

Board of Directors: Effective March 25, 2003, pursuant to the Company’s merger with H Power, the Company’s Board of Directors appointed Gary Willis as a non-employee director. Mr. Willis had been a director of H Power since June 2000. Mr. Willis will serve as a Class I Director with a term expiring at the annual meeting of stockholders to be held in 2003. At the Company’s annual meeting on May 22, 2003, three Class I directors will be elected to serve until the annual meeting of shareholders in 2006. The Board of Directors has nominated Mr. Willis for re-election as a Class I director.

 

Offer to Exchange Options: On March 25, 2003, the shareholders approved a proposal for the Company to offer, to eligible employees, the right to exchange options to purchase shares of common stock with an exercise price greater than $8.53 for shares of the Company’s restricted common stock. If the exchange is implemented, the number of shares of restricted common stock to be granted will be equal to one-third of the number of shares of the common stock underlying the options validly tendered and accepted by the Company. The Company currently intends to commence the exchange in the second quarter of 2003.

 

6


Table of Contents

 

Liquidity

 

The Company’s cash requirements depend on numerous factors, including but not limited to, product development activities, ability to commercialize its fuel cell systems, market acceptance of its systems and other factors. The Company expects to continue to devote substantial capital resources to its development programs directed at commercializing fuel cell systems worldwide, to hire and train production staff, develop and expand manufacturing capacity and continue research and development activities. The Company will pursue expansion of its operations through internal growth and strategic alliances and expects such activities will be funded from existing cash and cash equivalents, issuance of additional equity or debt securities or additional borrowings subject to market and other conditions.

 

At March 31, 2003, the Company had unrestricted cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities in the amount of $76.9 million and working capital of $76.0 million. Management believes that the Company’s currently available cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities will provide sufficient capital to fund operations for at least the next twelve months.

 

2.    Basis of Presentation

 

Principles of Consolidation: The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

 

Interim Financial Statements: The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, which consist solely of normal recurring adjustments, necessary to present fairly, in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for all periods presented, have been made. The results of operations for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year.

 

Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in annual consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles have been condensed or omitted. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2002.

 

The information presented in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2002 has been derived from the Company’s December 31, 2002 audited consolidated financial statements. All other information has been derived from the Company’s unaudited consolidated financial statements for the periods as of and ending March 31, 2002 and 2003.

 

Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash: Cash equivalents consist of money market accounts, overnight repurchase agreements and certificates of deposit with an initial term of less than three months. For purposes of the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows, the Company considers all highly liquid debt instruments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

 

At March 31, 2003, the Company had restricted cash in the amount of $5.0 million that is required to be placed in escrow to collateralize debt related to the purchase of real estate. The escrowed amounts are recorded under the captions, “Restricted cash” in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

 

Marketable Securities: Marketable securities includes investments in corporate debt securities and US Treasury obligations which are carried at fair value. These investments are considered available for sale, and the difference between the cost and the fair value of these securities would be reflected in other comprehensive income (loss) and as a separate component of stockholders’ equity. There was no significant difference between cost and fair value of these investments at March 31, 2003.

 

Inventory: Inventory is stated at the lower of average cost or market and consists of raw materials.

 

Intangible Assets: Intangible assets, including purchased technology and other intangible assets, are carried at cost less accumulated amortization. The Company amortizes intangible assets on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. The range of estimated useful lives on the Company’s identifiable intangibles is two to ten years.

 

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets: Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 144, “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets” provides a single accounting model for long-lived assets to be disposed of. SFAS No. 144 also changes the criteria for classifying an asset as held for sale and broadens the scope of businesses to be disposed of that qualify for reporting as discontinued operations and changes the timing of recognizing losses on such operations. The Company adopted SFAS No. 144 on January 1, 2002. The adoption of SFAS No. 144 did not affect the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

 

7


Table of Contents

 

In accordance with SFAS No. 144, long-lived assets, such as property, plant, and equipment, and purchased intangibles subject to amortization, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset. Assets to be disposed of would be separately presented in the balance sheet and reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell, and are no longer depreciated. The assets and liabilities of a disposed group classified as held for sale would be presented separately in the appropriate asset and liability sections of the balance sheet. Prior to the adoption of SFAS No. 144, the Company accounted for long-lived assets in accordance with SFAS No. 121, “Accounting for Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and for Long-Lived Assets to be Disposed Of.”

 

Goodwill and intangible assets not subject to amortization, if any, are tested annually for impairment, and are tested for impairment more frequently if events and circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired, under the provisions of SFAS No. 142, “ Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets”. As described in note 6, an impairment loss is recognized to the extent that the carrying amount exceeds the asset’s fair value.

 

Product and Service Revenue: The Company applies the guidance within SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 101, “Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements” (SAB 101) in the evaluation of its contracts to determine when to properly recognize revenue. Under SAB 101 revenue is recognized when title and risk of loss have passed to the customer, there is persuasive evidence of an arrangement, delivery has occurred or services have been rendered, the sales price is determinable, and collectibility is reasonably assured.

 

The Company’s initial commercial sales for the delivery of limited edition fuel cell systems are contract specific arrangements containing multiple obligations, which may include a combination of fuel cell systems, continued service, maintenance and other support, and which are limited to a defined operating period that does not extend beyond the stated contractual term, as well as certain cancellation privileges that expire ratably over the stated contractual term. The multiple obligations within the Company’s contractual arrangements are not accounted for separately based on its limited commercial experience and available evidence of fair value. The Company’s contractual arrangements under its initial commercial sales are with a limited number of customers and the arrangements are separately negotiated and not combined. Contract terms on our initial commercial sales require payment upon delivery and installation of the fuel cell system and are not contingent on the achievement of specific milestones or other substantive performance.

 

The Company defers recognition of product and service revenue as a result of the cancellation privileges and revenue is recognized on a straight line basis as the cancellation privileges expire ratably over the stated contractual term, which are for periods of six to twenty-four months. At March 31, 2003, the Company had deferred product and service revenue in the amount of $3.8 million.

 

Income Taxes: Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. We did not report a benefit for federal and state income taxes in the consolidated financial statements as the deferred tax asset generated from our net operating loss has been offset by a full valuation allowance because it is more likely than not that the tax benefits of the net operating loss carryforward may not be realized.

 

Use of Estimates: The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, which require management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

 

Impact of Recently Issued Accounting Standards: In December 2002, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued SFAS No. 148, “Accounting for Stock Based Compensation”. SFAS No. 148 provides alternative methods of transition for a voluntary change to the fair value based method of accounting for stock-based employee compensation. In addition, SFAS No. 148 amends the disclosure requirements of SFAS No. 123 to require prominent disclosures in both annual and interim financial statements about the method of accounting for stock-based employee compensation and the effect of the method used on reported results. Certain of the disclosure modifications were required for fiscal years ending after December 31, 2002 and were included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002.

 

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In June 2002, the FASB issued SFAS No. 149, “Amendment of Statement 133 on Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities”. SFAS No. 149 amends and clarifies financial accounting and reporting for derivative instruments, including certain derivative instruments embedded in other contracts and for hedging activities under SFAS No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities”. The Company is required to adopt the provisions of SFAS No. 149 for derivative instruments and hedging contracts entered into or modified after June 30, 2003.

 

3.    Loss Per Share

 

Loss per share for the Company is calculated as follows:

 

    

Three Months
Ended
March 31, 2002


    

Three Months
Ended
March 31, 2003


 

Numerator:

                 

Net loss

  

$

(11,595,882

)

  

$

(13,766,895

)

Denominator:

                 

Weighted average number of common shares

  

 

50,345,437

 

  

 

51,664,671

 

Loss per share:

                 

Basic and diluted

  

 

(0.23

)

  

 

(0.27

)

 

No options or warrants outstanding were included in the calculation of diluted loss per share because their impact would have been anti-dilutive. These dilutive potential common shares are summarized below:

 

    

March 31, 2002


  

March 31, 2003


Number of dilutive potential common shares

  

6,649,599

  

6,198,942

 

4.    Investments in Affiliates

 

GE Fuel Cell Systems, LLC

 

In February 1999, we entered into an agreement with GE MicroGen, Inc. to form GE Fuel Cell Systems, LLC (GEFCS), to exclusively market, sell, install and service certain of our PEM fuel cell systems under 35 kW designed for use in residential, commercial and industrial stationary power applications on a global basis, with the exception of the states of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan and Ohio, in which DTE Energy Technologies, Inc. (“DTE”), has exclusive distribution rights. GE MicroGen, Inc. is a wholly owned subsidiary of General Electric Company that operates within the GE Power Systems business.

 

In connection with the original formation of GEFCS, the Company issued 2,250,000 shares of it’s common stock to GE MicroGen, Inc. in exchange for a 25% interest in GEFCS. As of the date of issuance of such shares, the Company capitalized $11.3 million, the fair value of the shares issued, under the caption “Investment in affiliates” in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements. In accordance with the terms of the agreement, General Electric will provide capital in the form of a loan not to exceed $8.0 million, to fund the operations of GEFCS.

 

In August 2001, the Company amended its agreements with GE Microgen, Inc. and GEFCS to expand GEFCS’ exclusive worldwide distribution rights to include all of the Company’s stationary PEM fuel cell systems, excluding those states serviced by DTE. In addition, the Company increased its ownership interest in GEFCS from 25% to 40%. In return, the Company granted GE Power Systems Equities, Inc. an option to purchase 725,000 shares of our common stock at any time prior to August 21, 2006 at an exercise price of $15.00 per share. The Company also replaced the product specifications, prices and delivery schedule in the GEFCS distribution agreement with a high-level, multi-generation product plan, with subsequent modifications being subject to mutual agreement, and extended the term of the agreement to December 31, 2014. In connection with these transactions, the Company capitalized $5.0 million, the fair value, calculated using the Black-Scholes pricing model, of the option to purchase 725,000 shares of Plug Power common stock, under the caption “Investment in affiliates” in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements, and is amortizing this amount over the remaining term of the original distribution agreement.

 

The Company accounts for its interest in GEFCS on the equity method of accounting and adjusts its investment by its proportionate share of income or losses under the caption “Equity in losses of affiliates” in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. GEFCS had an operating and net loss of approximately $93,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2003. For the three months ended March 31, 2003, equity in losses of affiliates, related to GEFCS, was approximately $485,000 including amortization of the related intangible asset of $448,000. Accumulated amortization at March 31, 2003 was approximately $5.8 million.

 

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Under a separate agreement, the Company has agreed to source from General Electric Company technical support services for its product development effort, including engineering, testing, manufacturing and quality control services. Under this agreement, the Company has committed to purchase a minimum of $12.0 million of such services over a five-year period, which began September 30, 1999. Through March 31, 2003, the Company had purchased approximately $7.1 million of such services. General Electric Company has agreed to act as the agent in procuring certain equipment, parts and components and is providing training services to the Company’s employees regarding procurement activities pursuant to this agreement.

 

Advanced Energy Incorporated

 

In March 2000, the Company acquired a 28% ownership interest in Advanced Energy Incorporated (AEI), formerly Advanced Energy Systems, Inc., in exchange for a combination of $1.5 million cash and Plug Power common stock valued at approximately $828,000. The Company accounts for its interest in AEI on the equity method of accounting and adjusts its investment by its proportionate share of income or losses. The amount by which the purchase price of the Company’s ownership interest exceeded the underlying equity in net assets of AEI at the acquisition date was approximately $1.8 million and was fully amortized as of December 31, 2001. During the three months ended March 31, 2002, we recorded equity in losses of affiliates, related to AEI, of $97,000 which reduced the carrying value of our investment to zero. The Company has no additional legal obligations to provide funding or other support to AEI and has ceased recording any activity incurred by AEI. On October 29, 2002, AEI filed a Chapter 7 Voluntary Petition in the United States Bankruptcy Court, District of New Hampshire.

 

5.    Acquisition of H Power Corp.

 

On March 25, 2003, the Company consummated a merger transaction with H Power, a company also involved in the design, development, and manufacture of Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cells and fuel cell systems, pursuant to which the Company acquired all of the outstanding shares of H Power in a stock-for-stock exchange. In connection with this transaction, H Power common stockholders received 0.8305 shares of the Company’s common stock for each share of H Power common stock held immediately prior to the transaction. The Company issued 8,950,113 shares of its common stock in connection with the transaction. Immediately following the transaction, the Company had 60,049,328 shares outstanding and H Power became a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company.

 

Effective March 25, 2003, the Company and H Power are treated as a single company for financial reporting purposes and the Company has recorded the fair value of H Power’s net assets on its consolidated financial statements. The historical financial statements of the Company will continue to be the historical financial statements of the combined company for periods prior to the merger. Based on an average common stock price of $5.10, determined using the Company’s closing common stock price on March 21, 2003, the day the exchange ratio was determined, and each of the two trading days before and after March 21, 2003, the fair value of the shares issued as a result of the transaction is estimated at approximately $45.9 million. The Company also incurred direct transaction costs of $3.5 million in connection with the transaction. As part of the acquisition, the Company acquired cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities of H Power of approximately $29.6 million, after payment of certain integration costs and expenses associated with the consummation of the merger of approximately $7.8 million which were accounted for as additional purchase price. The Company has included H Power in its consolidated financial position and results of operation since the date of acquisition.

 

The following table summarizes the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition. The Company is in the process of performing valuations of certain intangible assets; thus, the allocation of the purchase price is subject to refinement.

 

    

At March 25, 2003


Current assets

  

$39,091,365

Property and equipment

  

1,284,579

Acquired in-process R&D

  

3,000,000

Intangible assets

  

5,500,000

Goodwill

  

8,730,229

Other

  

50,585

    

Total assets acquired

  

57,656,758

    

Current liabilities

  

11,859,032

Long-term debt

  

112,150

    

Total liabilities assumed

  

11,971,182

    

Net assets acquired

  

$45,685,576

    

 

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Approximately $3.0 million of the purchase price represents the estimated fair value of acquired in-process research and development projects. Accordingly, this amount was immediately expensed in the consolidated statement of operations as of the date of acquisition. This write-off is included in in-process research and development expenses on the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of operations as of March 31,2003. The acquired in-process research and development expense relates to certain H Power fuel cell technology.

 

Additionally, the Company capitalized the fair value of identifiable intangible assets (acquired technology) in the amount of $5.5 million related to certain H Power fuel cell technology. This acquired technology will be amortized over its estimated useful life of 24 months.

 

The fair value of this technology was determined using an income approach, which reflects the estimated present value of future avoided costs by estimating the cost to develop similar technology into a commercially viable product, estimating the resulting net cash flows from such projects, and discounting the net cash flows back to their present value.

 

The Company also recorded approximately $8.7 million of goodwill related to the transaction.

 

The following unaudited pro forma financial information presents the combined results of operations as if the purchase transaction made by the Company had occurred as of January 1, 2002, after giving effect to certain adjustments including elimination of revenue and cost of revenue of related product lines not expected to be continued, amortization of identifiable intangible assets, and elimination of certain expenses including depreciation expense and rent expense which will not be incurred by the combined entity. This pro forma financial information does not necessarily reflect the results of operations that would have occurred had a single entity operated during such periods.

 

    

Historical


               
    

Plug Power for the three months ended March 31, 2002


      

H Power for the three months ended February 28, 2002


    

Pro forma Adjustments


    

Total


 

Total revenue

  

$

2,904,266

 

    

346,396

 

  

(346,396

)

  

2,904,266

 

Net loss

  

 

(11,595,822

)

    

(6,539,630

)

  

532,777

 

  

(17,603,235

)

Basic and diluted loss per share

                           

(0.30

)

 

    

Historical


               
    

Plug Power for the three months ended March 31, 2003


      

H Power for the three months ended February 28, 2003


    

Pro forma Adjustments


    

Total


 

Total revenue

  

$

2,952,355

 

    

571,313

 

  

(571,313

)

  

2,952,355

 

Net loss

  

 

(13,766,895

)

    

(8,479,718

)

  

563,957

 

  

(21,682,656

)

Basic and diluted loss per share

                           

(0.36

)

 

 

6.    Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

 

Effective January 1, 2002, the Company adopted SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets.” This statement changed the accounting for goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets from an amortization approach to an impairment-only approach. Goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are subject to a periodic impairment test. If the carrying value of goodwill or an intangible asset exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss shall be recognized. Acquired intangible assets with determinable useful lives continue to be amortized over their estimated useful lives in proportion to the economic benefits consumed. These estimated useful lives are required to be reevaluated each reporting period. Amortizable intangible assets are to be reviewed for impairment in accordance with SFAS No. 144.

 

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In conjunction with the adoption of SFAS No. 142, the Company reassessed the useful lives and the classification of its finite-lived acquired intangible assets and determined that no revisions were necessary. The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of the Company’s acquired intangible assets as of December 31, 2002 and March 31, 2003 were as follows:

 

    

December 31, 2002


  

March 31, 2003


    

Gross Carrying Amount


  

Accumulated Amortization


  

Gross Carrying Amount


  

Accumulated Amortization


Distribution Agreement

  

$

16,250,000

  

$

6,761,238

  

$

16,250,000

  

$

7,246,439

Purchased Technology (2000)

  

 

9,267,500

  

 

8,752,653

  

 

9,267,500

  

 

9,267,500

Purchased Technology (2003)

  

 

—  

  

 

—  

  

 

5,500,000

  

 

—  

    

  

  

  

Total

  

$

25,517,500

  

$

15,513,891

  

$

31,017,500

  

$

16,513,939

    

  

  

  

 

Amortization expense for intangible assets during the three months ended March 31, 2003 was $962,746. Estimated amortization expense for the remainder of 2003 and the five succeeding years are as follows:

 

    

Estimated

Amortization

Expense


2003

  

$

3,406,200

2004

  

 

4,541,600

2005

  

 

2,479,100

2006

  

 

1,791,600

2007

  

 

1,791,600

2008

  

 

530,762

 

7.    Stockholders’ Equity

 

Changes in stockholders’ equity for the three months ended March 31, 2003 are as follows:

 

    

Common Stock
Shares


  

Amount


  

Additional
Paid-in Capital


  

Deficit Accumulated During the Development
Stage


    

Total Stockholders’ Equity


 

Balance at December 31, 2002

  

50,997,073

  

$

509,971

  

$

347,747,664

  

$

(255,560,867

)

  

$

92,696,768

 

Stock issued in acquisition of H Power

  

8,950,113

  

 

89,501

  

 

45,596,075

           

 

45,685,576

 

Stock based compensation

  

111,314

  

 

1,113

  

 

572,728

           

 

573,841

 

Stock option exercises

  

3,753

  

 

38

  

 

13,927

           

 

13,965

 

Net loss

                     

 

(13,766,895

)

  

 

(13,766,895

)

    
  

  

  


  


Balance at March 31, 2003

  

60,062,253

  

$

600,623

  

$

393,930,394

  

$

(269,327,762

)

  

$

125,203,255

 

    
  

  

  


  


 

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8.    Commitments and Contingencies

 

havePOWER, Settlement: As previously disclosed, havePOWER, LLC filed a compliant against Plug Power and its subsidiary, H Power, seeking damages and other relief as a result of alleged breach of contract and other claims. While Plug Power and H Power deny any and all liability to havePOWER, in May 2003 the parties have entered into a settlement agreement pursuant to which the parties have executed mutual releases. havePOWER has agreed to a dismissal of all its claims against Plug Power and H Power, and Plug Power has agreed to issue to havePower 112,967 restricted shares of Plug Power common stock.

 

Shareholder Class Action Lawsuit: As previously disclosed, in September 2000, a shareholder class action complaint was filed in the federal district court for the Eastern District of New York alleging that the Company and various of its officers and directors violated certain federal securities laws by failing to disclose certain information concerning our products and future prospects in a registration statement issued in connection with our initial public offering (“IPO”) and in subsequent press releases. A consolidated amended complaint extending the class period was subsequently filed.

 

We served our motion to dismiss the claims in May 2001. By order dated January 21, 2003, the Court dismissed all claims relating to pre-IPO press releases, the IPO prospectus and all but three post-IPO press releases. The Court ruled that the three remaining press releases raised questions of fact that could not be resolved in a motion to dismiss. The Court also denied the motion to dismiss the claims against the individual defendants at that time.

 

The Company believes that the remaining allegations are without merit and intends to vigorously defend against those claims. The Company does not believe that the outcome of these actions will have a material adverse effect upon its financial position, results of operations or liquidity. However, litigation is inherently uncertain and there can be no assurances as to the ultimate outcome or effect of these actions. If the plaintiffs were to prevail, such an outcome could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and liquidity.

 

9.    Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flows Information

 

The following represents required supplemental disclosures of cash flows information and non-cash financing and investing activities which occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2002 and 2003:

 

      

March 31, 2002


  

March 31, 2003


Cash paid for interest

    

$

25,333

  

$

17,376

Assets acquired, net of cash

    

 

—  

  

 

14,320,470

 

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF

FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included within this report, and our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2002. In addition to historical information, this Form 10-Q and the following discussion contain statements which are not historical facts and are considered forward-looking within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements contain projections of our future results of operations, our product development expectations or of our financial position or state other forward-looking information. In some cases you can identify these statements by forward-looking words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “should,” “will” and “would” or similar words. You should not rely on these forward-looking statements because our actual results may differ materially from those indicated by these forward-looking statements as a result of a number of important factors. These factors include, but are not limited to, the risk that we will not integrate and restructure the H Power business successfully; the risk that we will incur unanticipated costs or liabilities as a result of the H Power merger; our ability to develop a commercially viable fuel cell system; the cost and timing of developing our fuel cell systems; market acceptance of our fuel cell systems; our reliance on our relationship with certain affiliates of General Electric; our ability to perform on the multi-generation product plan in a manner satisfactory to GEFCS and DTE; ability to manufacture fuel cell systems on a commercial basis; competitive factors, such as price competition, competition from other power technologies and competition from other fuel cell companies; the speed and extent of consolidation of the fuel cell industry; the cost and availability of components and parts for our fuel cell systems; the ability to raise and provide the necessary capital to develop, manufacture and market our fuel cell systems; our ability to lower the costs of our furl cell systems and demonstrate reliability; the cost of complying with current and future governmental regulations; and other risks and uncertainties discussed, but are not limited to, those set forth under the caption “Factors Affecting Future Results” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2002, dated March 31, 2003 and filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

Overview

 

We design, develop and manufacture on-site electric power generation systems utilizing proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells for stationary applications. We were formed in 1997, as a joint venture between Edison Development Corporation (EDC), a DTE Energy company and Mechanical Technology Incorporated (MTI). In addition, we have established an “extended enterprise” through strategic relationships with marketing, technology, supply chain, and government partners. See Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Acquisitions, Strategic Relationships and Development Agreements.

 

We are focused on fuel cell systems with electrical output of approximately 1-100-kilowatt (kW), fueled by natural gas, liquid petroleum gas (LPG), and hydrogen gas, for a variety of stationary applications. We are developing an architected technology platform from which we expect to offer multiple point products, ranging from DC back-up power for telecom applications, to AC prime power for residential and light commercial applications. The platform approach is expected to improve our return on investment, while allowing us to leverage the volume of several products into cost reduction of common platform components and modules.

 

Our initial product is a fully integrated, grid-parallel 5 kW fuel cell system that operates on natural gas. This initial product is being marketed to a select number of customers, including utilities, government entities and our distribution partners, GE Fuel Cell Systems, LLC and DTE Energy Technologies, Inc. The initial product is intended to offer quality power, provide valuable field testing experience and data, and demonstrate fuel cells as a preferred form of alternative distributed power generation. In June 2002, our 5-kW product became the first fuel cell system to be certified by the California Energy Commission under the state’s Rule 21 grid interconnection standard, and in July, we launched the GenSysTM 5C, which added the capability of capturing heat for combined heat and power applications. In October, we added stand-by capability and launched the GenSysTM 5CS. Stand-by capability allows the fuel cell system to provide power to critical loads upon grid interruption. We expect subsequent product enhancements to expand the market opportunity for our fuel cells by lowering the installed cost, decreasing operating and maintenance costs, increasing efficiency, and improving reliability.

 

Through March 31, 2003, our stockholders in the aggregate have contributed $293.0 million in cash, including $93.0 million in net proceeds from our initial public offering and $51.6 million in net proceeds from our follow-on public offering, and $33.4 million in other contributions, consisting of in-process research and development, real estate, other in-kind contributions

 

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and equity interests in affiliates. Additionally, in the first quarter of 2003, we issued approximately 9.0 million shares of common stock in connection with a merger transaction that which increased our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities by approximately $29.6 million, after payment of certain integration costs and expenses associated with the consummation of the merger of approximately $7.8 million.

 

From inception through March 31, 2003, we have incurred losses of $269.3 million and expect to continue to incur losses as we continue our product development and commercialization programs and prepare for the commencement of manufacturing operations. We expect that losses will fluctuate from quarter to quarter and that such fluctuations may be substantial as a result of, among other factors, the number of systems we produce and install, the related service requirements necessary to maintain those systems and potential design changes required as a result of field testing.

 

Recent Developments

 

Acquisition of H Power Corp.: On March 25, 2003, we consummated a merger transaction with H Power Corp. (“ H Power”), a company also involved in the design, development and manufacture of proton exchange membrane fuel cells and fuel cell systems, pursuant to which we acquired all of the outstanding shares of H Power in a stock-for-stock exchange. In connection with the transaction, H Power stockholders received 0.8305 shares of our common stock for each share of H Power common stock held immediately prior to the transaction resulting in the issuance of 8,950,113 shares of our common stock. Immediately following the transaction, we had 60,049,328 shares outstanding and H Power became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Plug Power. For further information, see note 5 entitled “Acquisition of H Power Corp.” in the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-Q.

 

Offer to Exchange Options: On March 25, 2003, our shareholders approved a proposal for us to offer, to eligible employees, the right to exchange options to purchase shares of common stock, with an exercise price greater than $8.53 for shares of restricted common stock. If the exchange is implemented, the number of shares of restricted common stock to be granted will be equal to one-third of the number of shares of the common stock underlying the options validly tendered and accepted for exchange by us. We currently intend to commence the exchange in the second quarter of 2003.

 

Acquisitions, Strategic Relationships and Development Agreements

 

Since our inception, we have formed strategic relationships with suppliers of key components, developed distributor and customer relationships, and entered into development and demonstration programs with electric utilities, government agencies and other energy providers. In addition to the H Power acquisition described above under Recent Developments, we continue to maintain key relationships as part of our “extended enterprise” strategy, including:

 

GE Entities: In February 1999, we entered into an agreement with GE MicroGen, Inc. to form GE Fuel Cell Systems, LLC (GEFCS), to exclusively market, sell, install and service our stationary PEM fuel cell systems on a global basis, with the exception of the states of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan and Ohio, in which DTE Energy Technologies, Inc., has exclusive distribution rights. GE MicroGen, Inc. is a wholly owned subsidiary of General Electric Company that operates within the GE Power Systems business. Plug Power has a 40 percent ownership interest in GEFCS. Under the terms of our distribution agreement with GEFCS, we serve as GEFCS’ exclusive supplier of the PEM fuel cell systems and related components meeting the specifications set forth in the distribution agreement. We may, under certain circumstances, sell systems directly to governmental and quasi-governmental entities under the terms of our distribution agreement with GEFCS. With respect to fuel cell systems that we do sell directly we will provide, or enter into a subcontract to provide, product support services directly.

 

Under a separate agreement, we have agreed to source from General Electric Company technical support services for our product development effort, including engineering, testing, manufacturing and quality control services. Under this agreement, we have committed to purchase a minimum of $12.0 million of such services over a five year period, which began September 30, 1999. Through March 31, 2003, we have purchased approximately $7.1 million of such services and we expect to fulfill our obligation over the remainder of its term. General Electric Company has agreed to act as the agent in procuring certain equipment, parts and components and is providing training services to the Company’s employees regarding procurement activities pursuant to this agreement.

 

Honda: We have an agreement with Honda R&D Co., Ltd. of Japan, a subsidiary of Honda Motor Co., Ltd., to exclusively and jointly develop and test an initial prototype of a home refueling system for fuel cell automobiles. As part of the program we expect to integrate components of our GenSysTM 5C stationary fuel cell systems with additional components necessary for the home refueling concept. A home refueling system is a fuel cell product that is expected to provide heat, hot water, and electricity to a home, while also providing hydrogen fuel for a fuel cell vehicle. The device will be fueled by natural gas, and is expected to be environmentally friendly due to its high efficiency and low emissions. The exclusive agreement covers the first phase of what is expected to be a multi-phase development project.

 

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Gastec: In February 2000, we acquired from Gastec, NV, a Netherlands-based company, certain fixed assets and all of its intellectual property related to fuel processor development for fuel cell systems capable of producing up to 100 kW of electric power. The total purchase price was $14.8 million, paid in cash.

 

Vaillant: We have a development agreement with Vaillant GmbH (Vaillant), to develop a combination furnace, hot water heater and fuel cell system that is expected to provide both heat and electricity for the home. Under the agreement, we will sell fuel cell subsystems directly and exclusively to Vaillant and Vaillant will distribute fuel cell heating appliances throughout Europe on a non-exclusive basis.

 

In exchange for the right to sell fuel cell subsystems directly and exclusively to Vaillant we have agreed to pay GE MicroGen, Inc. a royalty, based on a prescribed percentage of sales of fuel cell subsystems (as defined in the agreement), beginning in 2003.

 

Celanese: We have a joint development agreement with Celanese GmbH to develop, on an exclusive basis, a high temperature membrane electrode unit for stationary fuel cell systems with net electrical output of 750 watts up to 25 kilowatts. Additionally, we will work with Celanese on a non-exclusive basis to develop a high temperature membrane electrode unit for stationary fuel cell systems with net electrical output of less than 750 watts and greater than 25 kilowatts. Under the new agreement, we and Celanese will each fund our own development efforts.

 

Engelhard: We have a joint development agreement and a supply agreement with Engelhard Corporation for development and supply of advanced catalysts to increase the overall performance and efficiency of our fuel processor. Over the course of the joint development agreement we have contributed $10.0 million to fund Engelhard’s development efforts. Of this amount, $8.2 million has been expensed with the remaining $1.8 million being recorded under the balance sheet caption “Prepaid development costs” as of March 31, 2003. Engelhard in turn has purchased $10.0 million of our common stock. The supply agreement with Engelhard specifies the rights and obligations for Engelhard to supply products to us until 2003.

 

Results of Operations

 

Comparison of the Three Months Ended March 31, 2003 and March 31, 2002.

 

Product and service revenue. In the third quarter of 2001, we began delivering fuel cell systems under our initial commercial agreements to a select number of customers in order to demonstrate, test and evaluate our fuel cell systems. Our initial commercial sales for the delivery of limited edition fuel cell systems are contract-specific arrangements containing multiple obligations, which may include a combination of fuel cell systems, continued service, maintenance and other support, and which are limited to a defined operating period that does not extend beyond the stated contractual term, as well as certain cancellation privileges that expire ratably over the stated contractual term. The multiple obligations within our contractual arrangements are not accounted for separately based on our limited commercial experience and available evidence of fair value. Contract terms on our initial commercial sales require payment upon delivery and installation of the fuel cell system and are not contingent on the achievement of specific milestones or other substantive performance. The costs associated with the product, service and other obligations are expensed as they are incurred.

 

During the three months ending March 31, 2003, we delivered 6 fuel cell systems to select customers as compared to 12 fuel cell systems for the three months ending March 31, 2002. Product and service revenue decreased to $2.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2003, from $2.6 million during the first quarter of 2002. During the quarter ended March 31, 2003, we recognized revenue in the amount of $2.0 million, including $2.0 million related to previously deferred revenue and $38,000 related to fuel cell systems delivered in the quarter. We also deferred recognition of product and service revenue in the amount of $310,000 during the quarter which is being recognized over the contractual period of the underlying service and other contractual obligations. During the quarter ended March 31, 2002, we recognized revenue in the amount of $2.6 million, including $2.4 million related to previously deferred revenue and $198,000 related to fuel cell systems delivered in the quarter, and deferred recognition of product and service revenue in the amount of $1.3 million.

 

As of March 31, 2003, we have total product and service deferred revenue in the amount of $3.8 million and expect to recognize substantially all of the product and service deferred revenue throughout the remainder of 2003.

 

Research and development contract revenue. Research and development contract revenue increased to $919,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2003 from $332,000 during the same period last year. Research and development contract revenue primarily relates to cost reimbursement research and development contracts associated with the development of PEM fuel cell technology. We generally share in the cost of these programs with cost sharing percentages between 25% and 50%. Revenue from “time and material” contracts is recognized on the basis of hours utilized, plus other reimbursable contract costs incurred during the period. The increase

 

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is due to the addition of development agreements with the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority and Honda R&D Co., Ltd. of Japan in which we began recognizing revenue in the fourth quarter of 2002. We expect to continue certain research and development contract work that is directly related to our current product development efforts.

 

Cost of revenues. Cost of revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2003, increased to $1.8 million from $1.7 million during the same period last year. Cost of revenues includes the direct cost incurred in the manufacture of the products we sell, as well as costs incurred for product maintenance, replacement parts and service under our contractual obligations. These costs consist primarily of productive materials and fees paid to outside suppliers for subcontracted components and services.

 

Cost of revenues also includes costs associated with research and development contracts including: compensation and benefits for engineering and related support staff, fees paid to outside suppliers for subcontracted components and services, fees paid to consultants for services provided, materials and supplies used and other directly allocable general overhead costs allocated to specific research and development contracts.

 

Cost of revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2002 and 2003 consists of the following:

 

    

Three Months
Ended March 31, 2002


  

Three Months
Ended March 31, 2003


Cost of product and service revenue

  

$

1,114,064

  

$

564,536

Cost of research and development contract revenue

  

 

577,100

  

 

1,201,447

    

  

Total cost of revenue

  

$

1,691,164

  

$

1,765,983

    

  

 

Noncash research and development expense. Noncash research and development expense for the three months ended March 31, 2003, increased to $226,000 from $69,000 during the same period last year. Noncash research and development expense represents the fair value of stock grants and vested stock options to employees, consultants and others in exchange for services provided.

 

Other research and development expense. Other research and development expense decreased to $9.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2003 from $10.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2002. Research and development expense includes: materials to build development and prototype units, compensation and benefits for the engineering and related staff, expenses for contract engineers, fees paid to outside suppliers for subcontracted components and services, fees paid to consultants for services provided, materials and supplies consumed, facility related costs such as computer and network services and other general overhead costs. Our approach to the design of our next generation fuel cell system uses advanced modeling and system simulation techniques which result in lower research and development costs because we build fewer systems for internal test and evaluation.

 

Research and development expenses also include amortization of prepaid development costs in the amount of $365,000 under our joint development program with Engelhard, recorded on our balance sheet under the caption “Prepaid development costs” and amortization in the amount of $515,000 related to the portion of the Gastec purchase price which has been capitalized and recorded on our balance sheet under the caption “Intangible assets”. At March 31, 2003, the intangible assets acquired from Gastec have been fully amortized.

 

Noncash general and administrative expense. Noncash general and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2003 decreased to $21,000 from $343,000 for the same period last year. Noncash general and administrative expense represents the fair value of stock grants and vested stock options to employees, consultants and others in exchange for services provided.

 

Other general and administrative expense. Other general and administrative expense was $1.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2003 compared to $1.4 million for the same period last year. Other general and administrative expense includes compensation, benefits and related costs in support of our general corporate functions including general management, finance and accounting, human resources, marketing, information technology and legal services.

 

Interest expense. Interest expense was $17,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2003, compared to $25,000 for the same period last year. Interest expense consists of interest on our long-term obligation related to the purchase of real estate and interest paid on capital lease obligations.

 

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Interest income. Interest income consisting of interest earned on our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities decreased to $202,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2003, from $487,000 for the same period in 2002. The decrease was due to a lower yield on our investment portfolio during a period of generally declining interest rates. The higher interest earned for the three months ended March 31, 2002 was the result of better yields on investments purchased during 2000 with maturities in 2001 and early 2002.

 

Equity in losses of affiliates. Equity in losses of affiliates decreased to $485,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2003 from $584,000 during the same period last year. Equity in losses of affiliates, which we account for under the equity method of accounting, is our proportionate share of the losses of GE Fuel Cell Systems in the amount of $37,000 and amortization of our original investments in the amount of $448,000. During the three months ended March 31, 2002, we recorded equity in losses of affiliates, related to AEI, of $97,000 which reduced the carrying value of our investment to zero. On October 29, 2002, AEI filed a Chapter 7 Voluntary Petition in the United States Bankruptcy Court, District of New Hampshire. Effective March 24, 2003, Beacon Power Corporation purchased all the assets of the AEI bankrupt estate.

 

Income taxes. We did not report a benefit for federal and state income taxes in the consolidated financial statements as the deferred tax asset generated from our net operating loss has been offset by a full valuation allowance because it is more likely than not that the tax benefits of the net operating loss carryforward may not be realized.

 

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles and related disclosure requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect:

 

    the amounts reported for assets and liabilities;

 

    the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements; and

 

    the amounts reported for revenues and expenses during the reporting period.

 

Specifically, we must use estimates in determining the economic useful lives of assets, including identifiable intangibles, and various other recorded or disclosed amounts. Therefore, our financial statements and related disclosure are necessarily affected by these estimates. We evaluate these estimates on an ongoing basis, utilizing historical experience and other methods considered reasonable in the particular circumstances. Nevertheless, actual results may differ significantly from estimates. To the extent that actual outcomes differ from estimates, or additional facts and circumstances cause management to revise estimates, our financial position as reflected in its financial statements will be affected. Any effects on business, financial position or results of operations resulting from revisions to these estimates are recorded in the period in which the facts that give rise to the revision become known.

 

We believe that the following are our most critical accounting policies affected by the estimates and assumptions the Company must make in the preparation of its financial statements and related disclosure:

 

Revenue recognition: We are a development stage enterprise in the beginning stages of field testing and marketing our initial commercial products to a limited number of customers, including utilities, government entities and our distribution partners. This initial product is a limited edition fuel cell system (“System” or “Unit”) that is intended to offer complementary, quality power while demonstrating the market value of fuel cells as a preferred form of alternative distributed power generation. Subsequent enhancements to our Systems are expected to expand the market opportunity for fuel cells by lowering the installed cost, decreasing operating and maintenance costs, increasing efficiency and improving reliability.

 

We apply the guidance within Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 101, “Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements” (SAB 101) to our initial sales contracts to determine when to properly recognize revenue. Our initial commercial sales for the delivery of limited edition fuel cell systems are contract-specific arrangements containing multiple obligations, which may include a combination of fuel cell systems, continued service, maintenance and other support, and which are limited to a defined operating period that does not extend beyond the stated contractual term, as well as certain cancellation privileges that expire ratably over the stated contractual term. The multiple obligations within our contractual arrangements are not accounted for separately based on our limited commercial experience and available evidence of fair value. Contract terms on our initial commercial sales require payment upon delivery and installation of the fuel cell system and are not contingent on the achievement of specific milestones or other substantive performance. Under these initial commercial sales, we defer recognition of product and service revenue, as a result of the cancellation privileges, and recognize revenue on a straight line basis as the cancellation privileges expire ratably over the stated contractual term, which are currently for periods of six to twenty-four months.

 

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As we gain commercial experience, including field experience relative to service and warranty based on the sales of our initial products, the fair values for the multiple elements within our future contracts may become determinable and we may, in future periods, recognize revenue upon delivery of the Unit or we may continue to defer recognition, based on application of appropriate guidance within the existing authoritative literature.

 

Valuation of long-lived assets: We evaluate our long-lived assets, intangibles and related goodwill in accordance with (“SFAS”) No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” and SFAS No. 144, “Accounting for Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets”. We review our long-lived assets, which includes property, plant and equipment and identifiable finite-lived intangible assets and goodwill for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of such assets may not be recoverable. Factors we consider important which could trigger an impairment review include, but are not limited to, the following:

 

    significant underperformance relative to expected historical or projected future operating results;

 

    significant changes in the manner of our use of the acquired assets or the strategy for our overall business;

 

    significant negative industry or economic trends; and

 

    significant decline in our stock price for a sustained period.

 

An impairment would be recognized based on the difference between the fair value of the asset and its carrying value. Future events could cause us to conclude that impairment indicators exist and that long-lived assets may be impaired. Any resulting impairment loss could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations.

 

Accounting for income taxes: As part of the process of preparing our consolidated financial statements, we are required to estimate our income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate. This process involves the estimation of our actual current tax exposure together with assessing temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items for tax and accounting purposes. Included in this assessment is the determination of the future tax benefit of the net operating loss carryforward that has resulted from our cumulative net operating losses since inception. These differences result in a net deferred tax asset. We must assess the likelihood that our deferred tax assets will be recovered from future taxable income and to the extent that we believe that recovery is not likely, we must establish a valuation allowance. To the extent we establish a valuation allowance or increase this allowance in a period, we must include an expense within the tax provision in the consolidated statement of operations.

 

Significant management judgment is required in determining our provision for income taxes, our deferred tax assets and liabilities and any valuation allowance recorded against our net deferred tax assets. We recorded a valuation allowance due to uncertainties related to our ability to utilize the net deferred tax assets, primarily consisting of net operating losses and credits which may be carried forward, before they expire. In the event that actual results differ from these estimates or we adjust these estimates in future periods, we may need to adjust the recorded valuation allowance which could materially impact our financial position and results of operations. At March 31, 2003, our net deferred tax assets have been offset in full by a valuation allowance. As a result the net provision for income taxes is zero for the three months ended March 31, 2003.

 

Liquidity and Capital Resources

 

Summary

 

Our cash requirements depend on numerous factors, including completion of our product development activities, ability to commercialize our fuel cell systems, market acceptance of our systems and other factors.

 

We expect to devote substantial capital resources to continue our development programs directed at commercializing our fuel cell systems for worldwide use, hire and train our production staff, develop and expand our manufacturing capacity, begin production activities and expand our research and development activities. We expect to pursue the expansion of our operations through internal growth and strategic acquisitions and expect that such activities will be funded from existing cash and cash equivalents, issuance of additional equity or debt securities or additional borrowings subject to market and other conditions. The failure to raise the funds necessary to finance our future cash requirements or consummate future acquisitions could adversely affect our ability to pursue our strategy and could negatively affect our operations in future periods. We anticipate incurring substantial additional losses over at least the next several years and believe that our current cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities balances will provide sufficient capital to fund operations for at least the next twelve months.

 

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We have financed our operations through March 31, 2003 primarily from the issuance of equity, which has provided cash in the amount of $293.0 million from the sale of equity and cash proceeds from acquisition of $29.6 million. As of March 31, 2003, we had unrestricted cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities totaling $76.9 million and working capital of $76.0 million. Additionally, we have restricted cash in the amount of $5.0 million, which was escrowed to collateralize debt associated with the purchase of our facilities in 1999. Since inception, net cash used in operating activities has been $198.9 million and cash used in investing activities has been $33.6 million, including our purchase of property, plant and equipment of $29.5 million, our investments in marketable securities in the amount of $22.8 million offset, in part, by our proceeds from acquisition of $36.5 million.

 

ITEM 3—QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

 

We believe there have been no material changes in our interest rate risk position since December 31, 2002. Other types of market risk, such as foreign exchange rate risk and commodity price risk, do not arise in the normal course of our business activities.

 

ITEM 4—CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

 

(a) Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures.

 

As required by new Rule 13a-15 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, within the 90 days prior to the date of this report, we carried out an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms. In connection with the new rules, we currently are in the process of further reviewing and documenting our disclosure controls and procedures, including our internal controls and procedures for financial reporting, and may from time to time make changes aimed at enhancing their effectiveness and to ensure that our systems evolve with our business.

 

(b) Changes in internal controls.

 

None.

 

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PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

 

 

ITEM 1—LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

 

havePOWER, Settlement: As previously disclosed, havePOWER, LLC filed a compliant against Plug Power and its subsidiary, H Power, seeking damages and other relief as a result of alleged breach of contract and other claims. While Plug Power and H Power deny any and all liability to havePOWER, in May 2003 the parties have entered into a settlement agreement pursuant to which the parties have executed mutual releases. havePOWER has agreed to a dismissal of all its claims against Plug Power and H Power, and Plug Power has agreed to issue to havePower 112,967 restricted shares of Plug Power common stock.

 

Shareholder Class Action Lawsuit: As previously disclosed, in September 2000, a shareholder class action complaint was filed in the federal district court for the Eastern District of New York alleging that we and various of our officers and directors violated certain federal securities laws by failing to disclose certain information concerning our products and future prospects in a registration statement issued in connection with our initial public offering (“IPO”) and in subsequent press releases. A consolidated amended complaint extending the class period was subsequently filed.

 

We served our motion to dismiss the claims in May 2001. By order dated January 21, 2003, the Court dismissed all claims relating to pre-IPO press releases, the IPO prospectus and all but three post-IPO press releases. The Court ruled that the three remaining press releases raised questions of fact that could not be resolved in a motion to dismiss. The Court also denied the motion to dismiss the claims against the individual defendants at that time.

 

The Company believes that the remaining allegations are without merit and intends to vigorously defend against those claims. The Company does not believe that the outcome of these actions will have a material adverse effect upon its financial position, results of operations or liquidity. However, litigation is inherently uncertain and there can be no assurances as to the ultimate outcome or effect of these actions. If the plaintiffs were to prevail, such an outcome would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and liquidity.

 

ITEM 2—CHANGES IN SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

 

During the three months ended March 31, 2003, we issued 41,245 shares of our common stock in connection with matching contributions under our 401(k) Savings & Retirement Plan. The issuance of these shares is exempt from registration under Section 3(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

 

ITEM 4—SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS

 

A special meeting of our stockholders o was held on March 25, 2003 to consider and vote upon (i) the issuance of shares of our common stock pursuant tour merger with H Power and (ii) the exchange of certain employee options to purchase our common stock for restricted shares of our common stock. Set forth below are the voting results from the special meeting:

 

Proposal


  

Votes For


  

Votes Against


H Power Merger

  

35,935,512

  

367,333

Option Exchange

  

35,195,949

  

1,037,605

 

ITEM 5—OTHER INFORMATION

 

Effective March 25, 2003, pursuant to the H Power Agreement and Plan of Merger, our Board of Directors appointed Gary Willis as a non-employee director. Mr. Willis had been a director of H power since June 2000. Mr. Willis will serve as a Class I Director with a term expiring at the annual meeting of stockholders to be held in 2003. At the Company’s annual meeting on May 22, 2003, three Class I directors will be elected to serve until the annual meeting of shareholders in 2006. The Board of Directors has nominated Mr. Willis for re-election as a Class I director.

 

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ITEM 6—EXHIBITS AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K

 

A) Exhibits.

 

99.1 and 99.2 Certifications pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

 

B) Reports on Form 8-K.

 

On January 9, 2003, we filed a report on Form 8-K reporting under Item 5 the appointment of David A. Neumann to Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, effective Monday, January 20, 2003, following the resignation of W. Mark Schmitz as our Chief Financial Officer, also effective as of January 20, 2003.

 

On January 29, 2003, we filed a report on Form 8-K reporting under Item 5 the Court order dated January 21, 2003 relating to the previously disclosed shareholder class action pending in the federal district court for the Eastern District of New York.

 

On March 24, 2003, we filed a report on Form 8-K reporting under item 5 the issuance of a press release announcing the estimated exchange ratio in connection with the previously announced acquisition of H Power Corp.

 

On March 27, 2003, we filed a report on Form 8-K reporting under item 5 completion of our acquisition of H Power Corp.

 

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Signatures

 

Pursuant to requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

 

   

PLUG POWER INC.

Date: May 15, 2003

     

by:

 

/s/    Roger B. Saillant        


           

Roger B. Saillant

Chief Executive Officer

       

by:

 

/s/    David A. Neumann        


           

David A. Neumann

Chief Financial Officer

 

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I, Roger Saillant, certify that:

 

  1.   I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Plug Power Inc.;

 

  2.   Based on my knowledge, this quarterly report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this quarterly report;

 

  3.   Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this quarterly report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this quarterly report;

 

  4.   The registrant’s other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14) for the registrant and we have:

 

    designed such disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this quarterly report is being prepared;

 

    evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures as of a date within 90 days prior to the filing date of this quarterly report (the “Evaluation Date”); and

 

    presented in this quarterly report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures based on our evaluation as of the Evaluation Date;

 

  5.   The registrant’s other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

 

    all significant deficiencies in the design or operation of internal controls which could adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial data and have identified for the registrant’s auditors any material weaknesses in internal controls; and

 

    any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal controls; and

 

  6.   The registrant’s other certifying officers and I have indicated in this quarterly report whether or not there were significant changes in internal controls or in other factors that could significantly affect internal controls subsequent to the date of our most recent evaluation, including any corrective actions with regard to significant deficiencies and material weaknesses.

 

Date: May 15, 2003

     

by:

 

/s/    Roger B. Saillant        


           

Roger B. Saillant

Chief Executive Officer

 

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I, David A. Nuemann, certify that:

 

  1.   I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Plug Power Inc.;

 

  2.   Based on my knowledge, this quarterly report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this quarterly report;

 

  3.   Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this quarterly report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this quarterly report;

 

  4.   The registrant’s other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14) for the registrant and we have:

 

    designed such disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this quarterly report is being prepared;

 

    evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures as of a date within 90 days prior to the filing date of this quarterly report (the “Evaluation Date”); and

 

    presented in this quarterly report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures based on our evaluation as of the Evaluation Date;

 

  5.   The registrant’s other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

 

    all significant deficiencies in the design or operation of internal controls which could adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial data and have identified for the registrant’s auditors any material weaknesses in internal controls; and

 

    any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal controls; and

 

  6.   The registrant’s other certifying officers and I have indicated in this quarterly report whether or not there were significant changes in internal controls or in other factors that could significantly affect internal controls subsequent to the date of our most recent evaluation, including any corrective actions with regard to significant deficiencies and material weaknesses.

 

Date: May 15, 2003

         

by:

 

/s/    David A. Neumann        


               

David A. Neumann

Chief Financial Officer

 

25