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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
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FORM 10-K
(Mark one)
[X] Annual report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2001
OR
[_] Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Commission File Number: 0-27696
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GENSYM CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware 04-2932756
(State or other
jurisdiction of
incorporation or (I.R.S. Employer
organization) Identification No.)
52 Second Avenue 01803-4411
Burlington, MA
(Address of principal (Zip Code)
executive offices)
Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (781) 265-7100
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12 (g) of the Act:
Common Stock, $.01 par value
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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports
required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such
filing requirements for the past 90 days: Yes [X] No [_]
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item
405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained to the
best of the registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information
statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any
amendment to this Form 10-K. [_]
As of March 6, 2002 there were 6,632,947 shares of the Registrant's Common
Stock outstanding. As of that date, the aggregate market value of the voting
stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant was approximately $4,643,063.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the Registrant's definitive Proxy Statement for the 2002 Annual
Meeting of Stockholders to be held on Thursday, May 16, 2002 are incorporated
by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K.
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PART I.
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
General
Founded in 1986, Gensym Corporation is a provider of software products and
services that enable organizations to automate aspects of their operations that
have historically required the direct attention of human experts. Our product
and service offerings are all based on or relate to Gensym's flagship product,
G2, which can emulate the reasoning of human experts as they assess, diagnose,
and respond to unusual operating situations or as they seek to optimize
operations.
With G2, organizations in manufacturing, communications, transportation,
aerospace, and government maximize the performance and availability of their
operations. For example, Fortune 1000 manufacturers such as ExxonMobil, DuPont,
LaFarge, Eli Lilly, and Seagate use G2 to help operators detect problems early
and to provide advice that avoids off-specification production and unexpected
shutdowns. Manufacturers and government agencies use G2 to optimize their
supply chain and logistics operations. And communications companies such as
AT&T, Ericsson Wireless, and Nokia use G2 to troubleshoot network faults so
that network availability and service levels are maximized.
We have numerous channel partners who can help meet the specific needs of
customers. Our company and our channel partners deliver a range of services,
including training, software support, application consulting and complete
solutions. Through channel partners and through our direct sales force, we
serve customers worldwide.
2001 Restructuring
In August, 2001, Lowell B. Hawkinson, a founder of Gensym, succeeded Patrick
Courtin as our chairman, president and chief executive officer. Mr. Hawkinson
previously served as our chairman and chief executive officer from 1986 to
1999. Also in August 2001, we announced a strategic restructuring plan that
included a 40% reduction in workforce and a renewed focus on our existing
customer base and our G2 and G2-based products. We also realigned our software
and services into two major product lines: one comprised of G2 and G2-based
products, which are sold in both the expert manufacturing and network
management market segments, and the other comprised of NetCure and related
products which are sold exclusively in the network management market segment.
As part of the strategic restructuring, we announced that we would seek
strategic partners to promote and exploit the NetCure product line and that we
would explore and consider our options with respect to the sale of the NetCure
product line to an established market participant capable of exploiting it. On
November 9, 2001 we sold the NetCure product line to Rocket Software, Inc. for
$2.5 million in cash.
Strategy
Our long-term strategy is indirect channel development of our G2 and
G2-based products with a focus on our historic markets including manufacturing,
communications, transportation, aerospace, and government. To facilitate
indirect channel development, we are enhancing our G2 technology in the areas
of standards support, graphical user interfaces, ease of application
development, and reasoning capabilities. These enhancements will help channel
partners bring powerful G2-based applications to market more quickly and
efficiently, with interfaces that take full advantage of the latest Internet
and Microsoft standards. As part of the strategy, we will continue to advance
our G2-based products, e-SCOR, ReThink, Integrity, Optegrity, and NeurOn-Line.
Products
Our core technology is an extensible, customizable software platform known
as G2. We sell G2 and a growing number of products based on it.
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G2
G2, our core technology, is a comprehensive, object-oriented environment for
rapidly building and deploying mission-critical, expert-system applications
that improve complex business operations. With G2, organizations achieve higher
levels of efficiency, availability, responsiveness, consistency and quality. G2
applies knowledge that represents the experience of the best operations
personnel, combined with analytical models constructed by engineers and
business professionals and models derived from past performance, to real-time
or model data, in order to reach conclusions, provide advice, and take real or
simulated actions in a timely fashion. G2 can follow multiple lines of
reasoning based on this knowledge and consider multiple problems concurrently.
G2 maintains an understanding of the behavior of processes over time and the
timeliness of information, both of which are important for real-time management
of operations. G2 incorporates a broad array of integrated technologies that
enable application developers to implement object-oriented applications without
the need for conventional computer programming.
G2 enables an application developer to express objects, rules, models and
procedures using structured natural language so that they can be readily
understood and modified. The G2 development environment enables a developer to
test an application using simulated data and to view the results graphically.
In this way, an application can be tested under various scenarios before
deployment. Rapid incremental application development can be done interactively
to facilitate application improvements during prototyping, during development
and even while in deployment. Using G2's ability to support rapid application
development, a developer can show a dynamic, graphically animated prototype of
an application to an end-user at an early stage.
Using G2, an application developer can model a process in terms of
interrelated objects, which may be in graphical or schematic diagram form.
These object-based graphical connections enable G2 to reason about the
interdependent behavior of connected process objects. G2's high-level
representation of knowledge enables persons in many positions and roles in an
organization to develop applications more quickly and easily, while aiding the
ability to maintain and reuse the applications. Using Telewindows, a component
of G2, developers at multiple geographic locations can work in teams to
concurrently develop applications.
Applications built on G2 are portable and interoperable across a number of
computer platforms, so solutions can be offered on a wide range of platforms
and later migrated to new and more powerful computers and operating systems. G2
currently runs on PCs running Windows 98/NT/2000/XP and on workstations from
Compaq, Hewlett-Packard, IBM, Sun Microsystems and others. G2 currently runs
under Windows, as well as the UNIX and Linux operating systems.
G2 enables many procedures or rules to be active concurrently. A procedure
or rule can be executing, suspended to allow other computations to occur, or
waiting for a triggering event. G2 enhances the reliability of online
applications by its facility to save "snapshots" of a process state and "warm
boot" to the last saved state, so that an intelligent real-time system can
resume after power failures or other interruptions. Applications can also be
modified without interrupting the running of the application.
G2 can support concurrent access to multiple sources of data and
high-performance data exchange. Once an application is deployed, our products
such as Telewindows and our G2 WebLink enable multiple users to share that
application concurrently. Telewindows and G2 WebLink are available on all G2
platforms as well as on PCs running Windows.
NeurOn-Line
NeurOn-Line(R) is an extensible software platform that enables
non-programmers who have little or no experience with neural networks to take
advantage of this technology, particularly for online, dynamic applications.
NeurOn-Line can identify and generate models of the physical behavior of
processes and of relationships among process variables, when given a sufficient
set of data. These models can then be used online to compare process behavior
with the model's prediction and to control processes. The development of neural
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network applications in NeurOn-Line is done graphically by selecting objects
from menus, connecting them, and entering attribute and control information.
NeurOn-Line Studio is a Windows desktop tool for off-line analysis, modeling,
and design optimization of processes, based on data from a data historian or
spreadsheet data arrays. To make the tool easy for process engineers to use,
many technical decisions such as selection of relevant inputs, time delays, and
network architecture are automated. Once a model has been built for a process,
NeurOn-Line Studio enables users to discover more profitable ways to run it
through simulation and optimization. NeurOn-Line Studio models can be deployed
either in a G2 environment or as Microsoft ActiveX objects in embedded Windows
applications.
Optegrity
Optegrity(TM) is an extensible software platform that delivers abnormal
condition management applications for the process manufacturing industries.
Optegrity applications ensure sustained operational performance and continuous
availability of production assets. Its applications detect and resolve abnormal
process conditions early--before they disrupt productivity and threaten quality
and profits. Optegrity enables process manufacturers to effectively manage
their production processes. Applications based on the Optegrity platform turn
data into information to quickly identify, isolate and solve operational
problems. Optegrity applications also enable process manufacturers to increase
the availability of production assets; reduce off-specification production;
minimize or eliminate unplanned shutdowns; improve operator productivity; lower
production costs; raise operational safety levels; increase process utilization
and enable non-stop operation.
Integrity
Integrity is an integrated, extensible platform for intelligently managing
faults and service levels of voice and data networks. Integrity maintains
continuous availability by detecting, diagnosing and correcting problems before
they affect services. The software helps users lower operating costs and
improve service quality. Network service providers, network management
companies, telecommunications equipment manufacturers and end-user corporations
use Integrity to manage the performance of many different types of networks.
Applications based on Integrity can interoperate with a number of other network
management programs, such as HP OpenView and IBM NetView, and provide
intelligent operations support capable of addressing today's
complex communications operations problems. With Integrity, users have an
enhanced ability to meet service-level agreements, to manage growth
cost-effectively, to minimize the risks of implementing new services and
technologies, and to gain competitive advantage. Key functional uses include
early detection of network problems, alarm/message/event filtering, alarm
correlation across disparate platforms, root-cause analysis, anticipating
effects of network failures, and recommending and/or automating appropriate
corrective actions.
ReThink
ReThink is a flexible software platform for graphical simulation, analysis,
and automation of business processes. As a simulation and analysis tool,
ReThink enables users to model their business operations as it currently
operates. Users can define key performance metrics and determine how business
operations measure against those metrics. From a model, users can simulate and
analyze business-process alternatives. Unlike other simulation tools, ReThink's
models become deployable to monitor and automate the execution of business
processes. ReThink can monitor business processes in real time, alerting
operations personnel to potential problems as they occur. ReThink's models can
automate the online execution of business processes to help achieve sustained
performance.
e-SCOR
e-SCOR is our product for supporting supply-chain design decisions. Based on
the Supply Chain Council's SCOR standard, e-SCOR drives strategic decisions by
evaluating and comparing alternative supply-chain designs and management
strategies. With e-SCOR, users can simulate various configurations, test the
robustness of a
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supply-chain configuration, and identify the service levels required for each
member of a supply-chain network.It can help identify the weak links and areas
for improvement within a supply chain. e-SCOR is highly flexible and is ideal
for performing "what-if" analyses. e-SCOR is intended to help businesses keep
up with today's fast-paced Internet-driven world of e-business.
Target Market and Customers
Our customers include end-users, value-added resellers, systems integrators
and original equipment manufacturers. Many of the largest industrial
corporations in the world are our customers. For example, in the manufacturing
market, customers include Fortune 1000 firms such as DuPont, Eli Lilly, El Paso
Energy, Emerson, ExxonMobil, IMC Agrico, Invensys, LaFarge, Seagate, Siemens,
and Shell. In the government sector, the U.S. Department of Defense, Department
of Energy, Mitre, and NASA are customers. In the communications sector,
companies such as AT&T, Computer Sciences Corporation, Ericsson, and Nokia are
customers.
Manufacturing has been a key market for us since our founding in 1986. We
target manufacturing who are looking to manage complex processes in order to
improve product quality, manufacturing systems availability, or increase the
safe operation of their facilities. Working with our network of value-added
resellers, systems integrators and through our own consulting organization,
customers deploy custom applications based on our technology that fit their
particular requirements.
We have been delivering technology platforms and solutions to network
equipment manufacturers and service providers for many years. Companies such as
AT&T and Computer Sciences Corporation use our technology platforms in their
network operations centers to help increase system availability by deciphering
and resolving complex network problems. Motorola, Ericsson, and Nokia all have
original equipment manufacturer partnerships with us and include our software
in their own network management solutions. Service providers and original
equipment manufacturers continue to be our principal target markets. Our
original equipment manufacturer partners embed our software within their own
product offerings. We have established relationships with several original
equipment manufacturers, including Motorola and Ericsson. Motorola uses our G2
technology for the intelligence within their Network Health Analyzer, a product
within their cellular infrastructure family. Ericsson has chosen our G2
software as the foundation for its Fault Management eXpert product that
intelligently handles network faults.
Our strategic supply-chain design product, e-SCOR, is targeted at
enterprises that understand the critical need to continually improve the
management of their supply chain operations. We developed e-SCOR based on the
Supply Chain Council's Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) model. e-SCOR
enables senior supply-chain and executive managers to evaluate the state of
their supply chain and perform "what-if" analyses of their supply-chain
options, before they make changes that could affect the performance of their
supply chain and their business. e-SCOR is designed to help businesses keep up
with today's fast-paced Internet-driven world of e-business. We seek to develop
our e-SCOR business primarily through indirect channel partners.
Our ReThink product is targeted at a wide range of enterprises that seek to
improve the performance of their complex business processes through analysis
and automation. For example, Harte Hanks has built a Customer Relationship
Management product using ReThink to automate the analysis and processing of
electronic consumer transactions. ReThink is also used by the U.S. Department
of Defense to analyze and automate logistics processes.
Sales and Marketing
We use both a direct sales force and selected channel partners to bring our
products and services to end-users.
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We have direct sales offices in the U.S. and Europe and partners worldwide.
In 2001, 2000 and 1999, we received 44%, 44%, and 46% of our total revenues,
respectively, from international operations. Our domestic and international
sales as a percentage of total revenues in 2001, 2000 and 1999 are as follows:
2001 2000 1999
----- ----- -----
United States. 56% 56% 54%
United Kingdom 11 8 7
Rest of Europe 18 24 24
Other......... 15 12 15
----- ----- -----
100% 100% 100%
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Our direct sales force sells to major accounts and provides personal contact
with customers, both directly and through partners. Solutions engineers perform
demonstrations at customer sites and assist customers in evaluating their
technical requirements and in implementing our technology. Seminars and
workshops are hosted at our larger offices and via Web seminars to demonstrate
our products. We offer basic and advanced training courses that teach
prospective and new customers how to build and deploy applications using our
software.
We also distribute our products through a network of systems integrators and
value-added resellers, who are selected for their capability to provide end
users with focused application solutions built on G2 and our other software
platforms. These systems integrators and value-added resellers currently
include organizations such as ABB Automation, Electronic Data Systems, Emerson,
Invensys, Minnovex, Science Systems, and Siemens. Product revenues from systems
integrators and value-added resellers represented over 26%, 28%, and 25% of our
product revenues for 2001, 2000 and 1999, respectively.
We market our products in Japan, South America and certain other countries
through distributors. These distributors have technical competence in the
application of G2 and our other technologies, market our products, provide
local training and support assistance to customers, translate documentation,
help localize software, and provide systems integration services.
Our marketing personnel engage in a variety of activities, including lead
generation, in-person and Web-based seminars, trade shows, public relations,
direct marketing, advertising, and promotion of customer applications for
publication in industry magazines and journals. More than 300 case studies of
successful applications have been documented.
Service and Support
We believe that a high level of customer service and support is critical to
customer satisfaction and project and application success. Most of our
customers attend one to three weeks of training and implement their
applications using the development features of our software. We offer a regular
schedule of courses in our offices in North America and Europe, and special
on-site training courses are offered around the world on an as-needed basis.
Direct application-engineering services are available to customers
internationally, to support end users as well as our marketing partners.
We offer several customer service options that all include various levels of
telephone support, software updates, FTP bulletin board access, membership in
the Gensym Users Society and access to HelpLink, a workflow-enabled Web
application that greatly enhances the service experience. The highest level of
customer service support includes 24x7 callback service. Maintenance is
mandatory for the first year after purchase and may be renewed in subsequent
years. We typically charge a percentage of the list price bundled fee for
customer service. We have service centers in North America and Europe. Local
marketing partners provide service in Asia and other areas of the world.
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We offer a variety of application engineering and consulting services on a
fee-for-service basis. We have expertise in applying our software in a variety
of areas, including network and systems management; manufacturing process
management; process design, modeling and simulation; pharmaceutical process
design and control; water treatment; logistics; transportation; and finance. A
key mission of our consulting staff is to assist partners, as well as end
users, in the successful development and deployment of intelligent systems
applications based on G2 and our other platforms.
We offer a progressive series of introductory, intermediate and advanced
training courses for customers, partners and potential users of our products.
The courses are taught at our corporate headquarters in Burlington,
Massachusetts, at our worldwide sales offices, and at customer locations.
We provide continuing support to the Gensym Users Society, an organization
consisting of users of our software who are covered by current maintenance
contracts. GUS 2002, a worldwide meeting of the Gensym User Society, will be
held in Cambridge, Massachusetts in April 2002.
Research and Development
We believe that our future success will depend upon our ability to enhance
existing products as well as to develop and introduce new products that keep
pace with technological developments in the marketplace and address the
increasingly sophisticated needs of our customers. We intend to expand existing
product offerings and to introduce new applications. While we expect that
certain new products will be developed internally, we may, based on timing and
cost considerations, acquire or license technology and/or products from third
parties or consultants.
New products and enhancements to existing products are typically developed
in response to market analysis and feedback from customers obtained by our
customer support and consulting personnel. New product initiatives are also
taken to address targeted markets and industry standards. For example, we are
currently developing a new graphical user interface for G2 based on Microsoft
Windows standards. We plan to deliver Windows user interface functionality in
incremental steps, with beta release scheduled for the second half of 2002 and
commercial release in the second half of 2003. As part of this work, we will be
enhancing the graphical representation of knowledge within G2. Applications
that we have already developed and deployed will be able to take advantage of
the new graphical user interface without a significant re-engineering effort.
Competition
In the manufacturing market, a number of software companies offer products
that perform certain functions of G2 for specific applications. We believe that
our products offer, as a single seamlessly integrated environment, the most
comprehensive set of software technologies available to successfully build a
broad range of intelligent system applications. Competition in the expert
manufacturing market includes point solutions, real-time and expert system
products and traditional programming or internally developed software.
Companies such as Aspen Technology, Pavilion and Ilog S.A., sell solutions
that compete with our products with respect to specific applications or uses.
An intelligent system based on point solutions, however, requires the
integration of various software packages from different vendors, and is often
difficult to maintain. Although our competitors' systems may provide a faster
implementation, we believe that these systems may fail to provide the
capabilities and flexibility needed to satisfy the changing requirements of a
dynamic complex environment. Point solutions may also fail to provide the
extensibility to add rules and neural networks, and may be difficult to migrate
to more powerful computers.
We face competition in the network management market from a number of
companies. Our competitors in this market include Micromuse, System Management
Arts (SMARTS) and RiverSoft. Each of these companies offers products that
differ from our products in a variety of ways. Customers select products based
on the
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particular features and overall management approach to network availability
each vendor delivers. We believe that our Integrity product is differentiated
from the competition by virtue of its customization capabilities, which is a
key element for large organizations managing diverse complex networks such as
those operated by Computer Sciences Corporation and AT&T.
The principal competitive factors in all of our markets are functionality,
ease of use, price, distribution capabilities, quality, performance, customer
support, and availability of application software implementation services. In
order to maintain our competitive position, we must continue to enhance our
existing products and introduce new products that meet evolving customer
requirements. There is no assurance that our market position or competitive
advantages will continue. See "Factors That May Affect Future Results."
Proprietary Rights
We rely primarily on a combination of patent law, copyright law and trade
secret law to protect our proprietary technology. We have one patent covering
specific aspects of our core product, G2. The scope of the patent relates to
application security. Specifically, the patent recognizes a unique means for
restricting user access to the configurable portion of the application's user
interface, thereby making the application secure. We do not have any registered
copyrights. We also have internal policies and systems to limit access to and
keep confidential our trade secrets. We distribute our products under software
license agreements that contain various provisions to protect our ownership of
and the confidentiality of the underlying technology. We also require our
employees and other parties with access to our confidential information to
execute agreements prohibiting the unauthorized use or disclosure of our
technology. In addition, we periodically review our proprietary technology for
its ability to be patented. Despite these precautions, it may be possible for a
third party to misappropriate our technology or to develop similar technology
independently. In addition, effective patent, copyright and trade secret
protection may not be available in every foreign county in which our products
are distributed.
Certain technology used in our products is licensed from third parties. We
believe that, in general, comparable licenses are available on commercially
comparable terms from a number of licensors and does not believe that any of
our products are significantly dependent upon such licensed technologies.
Despite our efforts to protect our proprietary rights, attempts may be made
to copy or reverse engineer aspects of our products or to obtain and use
information that we regard as proprietary. There can be no assurance that
others will not develop products that infringe our proprietary rights or are
similar or superior to those developed by us. Policing the unauthorized use of
our products is difficult. Litigation may be necessary in the future to enforce
our intellectual property rights, to protect our trade secrets or to determine
the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. Such litigation
could result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and could have a
material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial
condition. Also, there can be no assurance that third parties will not assert
infringement claims against us in the future with respect to current or future
products. Any such assertion could require us to enter into royalty
arrangements or result in costly litigation, which could have a material
adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Gensym(R), G2(R), NeurOn-Line(R), ReThink(R), OPEX(R), Telewindows(R) and
Operations Expert(R) are our registered trademarks. The Gensym logo, GDA, G2
WebLink, and Optegrity are our trademarks. We have filed applications to
register Gensym, G2, NeurOn-Line, and OPEX in certain foreign jurisdictions. In
addition, we have an exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free, perpetual license from
Microsoft Corporation to use the trademark Telewindows.
Backlog
We ship software products within a short period after receipt of an order
and typically do not have a material backlog of unfilled orders of software
products. Therefore, revenues from software licenses in any quarter are
substantially dependent on orders booked in that quarter.
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Employees
As of December 31, 2001, we had 79 full-time employees, including 21
employees in sales and marketing, 14 employees in product development, 13
employees in consulting services, 13 employees in customer support, production
and licensing, and educational services, and 18 employees in general and
administrative functions. None of our employees is represented by a labor
union, and we believe that our employee relations are good.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
At December 31, 2001, our headquarters and principal operations were located
in a leased facility with 27,250 square feet in Burlington, Massachusetts.The
lease on the Burlington facility expires on January 31, 2006, with an option to
renew for an additional term of five years. In addition to rental expenses, we
must also pay an allocated portion of operating expenses and taxes each year.
We also lease sales office space in the metropolitan areas of several cities
throughout North America, as well as France, Italy, The Netherlands, Tunisia
and the United Kingdom. Our aggregate facilities rental expense, net of rental
income from sub-leases, for all facilities during 2001 was $1.3 million. We
believe that our existing facilities are adequate for our current needs and
that suitable additional space will be available as required.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
On August 14, 2001, we were served with a complaint in the matter of Rocket
Software, Inc. v. Gensym Corporation, filed in Massachusetts Superior Court,
Middlesex County. The complaint alleged that we breached a contract with Rocket
Software, pursuant to which Rocket Software loaned $300,000 to us, by failing
to repay Rocket Software the $300,000 plus interest when demanded. The
complaint sought damages resulting from our alleged breach of contract and
costs. We reached a settlement of this matter with Rocket Software, and
executed a Settlement Agreement and Release, dated September 24, 2001. The
matter is now concluded.
On November 13, 2001, we and our directors were served with a complaint
filed by one of our stockholders, Special Situations Fund, III, L.P., in
Delaware Chancery Court in and for New Castle County. The lawsuit asserted
claims for, among other things, alleged breach of fiduciary duty and waste of
corporate assets in connection with our rejection of a merger proposal by
Rocket Software, the adoption of our proposed rights offering, and the
execution of a letter of intent with Rocket Software relating to the sale of
our NetCure product line. The complaint sought injunctive relief with respect
to the Rocket Software merger proposal, the proposed rights offering and the
sale of the NetCure product line to Rocket Software. On November 16, 2001, we
and our directors were served with an amended and supplemental complaint
further asserting that our directors breached fiduciary duties by consummating
the sale of the NetCure product line to Rocket Software and allegedly refusing
to negotiate with Rocket Software in connection with its merger proposal. The
amended complaint also added Rocket Software as a defendant and asserted a
claim against Rocket Software for aiding and abetting the alleged breaches of
fiduciary duties. The amended complaint sought injunctive relief with respect
to the Rocket Software merger proposal, rescission of the NetCure sale, and
compensatory and/or rescissionary monetary damages. On November 26, 2001, the
court conducted a telephonic hearing on the plaintiff's motion for expedited
proceedings, and denied the motion at the conclusion of that hearing. On
November 27, 2001, we were advised by plaintiffs' counsel that, in light of the
court's decision on the motion to expedite proceedings, the plaintiffs intended
to file a further amended complaint. To date, we have not been served with a
further amended complaint.
We are involved in various other lawsuits, claims and inquiries, most of
which are routine to the nature of our business. In the opinion of our
management, the resolution of these matters will not have a material adverse
effect on our financial condition.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
None.
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PART II.
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER
MATTERS
Our common stock, $0.01 par value per share, was traded on the Nasdaq
National Market through August 20, 2001 and has traded since then on the OTC
Bulletin Board. Our common stock is currently quoted on the OTC Bulletin Board
under the symbol "GNSM". The following table sets forth the high and low
closing prices per share of our common stock for the quarterly period
indicated. Prices for common stock are closing sales prices on the Nasdaq
National Market through August 20, 2001 and the closing sales prices on the OTC
Bulletin Board after that date. Trading in our common stock on the OTC Bulletin
Board is very thin and may not be an indication of the value of our common
stock.
2001 High Low
---- ------- ------
First quarter. $ 1.969 $0.844
Second quarter $ 0.970 $0.600
Third quarter. $ 0.940 $0.200
Fourth quarter $ 0.750 $0.230
2000 High Low
---- ------- ------
First quarter. $17.500 $4.750
Second quarter $10.000 $3.250
Third quarter. $ 4.250 $3.000
Fourth quarter $ 3.250 $0.719
We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our capital stock. We do
not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Payment of
future dividends, if any, will be at the discretion of our board of directors
after taking into account various factors, including our financial condition,
operating results, current and anticipated cash needs and plans for expansion.
The number of holders of record of our common stock at March 19, 2002 was
approximately 114. This number does not include stockholders for whom shares
are held in a "nominee" or "street" name.
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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The selected consolidated balance sheet data presented below as of December
31, 2001 and 2000 and the selected consolidated statement of operations data
for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2001 are derived
from our Consolidated Financial Statements, included elsewhere in this Annual
Report on Form 10-K, and have been audited by Arthur Andersen LLP, independent
public accountants (the "Consolidated Financial Statements"). The selected
consolidated balance sheet data presented below as of December 31, 1999, 1998
and 1997 and the selected consolidated statement of operations data for the
years ended December 31, 1998 and 1997, are derived from our Consolidated
Financial Statements, not included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, all of
which have been audited by Arthur Andersen LLP, independent public accountants.
This data should be read in conjunction with "Management's Discussion and
Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and the Consolidated
Financial Statements and related Notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report
on Form 10-K.
Year Ended December 31,
--------------------------------------------
2001 2000 1999 1998 1997
------- -------- ------- ------- -------
(In thousands, except per share data)
Consolidated Statement of Operations Data:
Revenues:
Product.......................................... $ 6,302 $ 11,992 $19,628 $16,911 $18,433
Services......................................... 13,879 15,583 16,799 18,067 17,076
------- -------- ------- ------- -------
Total revenues................................ 20,181 27,575 36,427 34,978 35,509
Cost of revenues:
Product.......................................... 969 1,073 1,315 1,334 1,403
Services......................................... 3,765 7,323 7,259 7,364 7,949
------- -------- ------- ------- -------
Total cost of revenue......................... 4,734 8,396 8,574 8,698 9,352
Gross profit..................................... 15,447 19,179 27,853 26,280 26,157
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing.............................. 8,865 17,379 18,214 18,276 18,802
Research and development......................... 4,999 7,614 6,470 6,023 6,977
General and administrative....................... 4,390 4,942 5,288 4,134 4,528
Restructuring charge............................. 2,559 -- -- -- 1,558
------- -------- ------- ------- -------
Total operating expenses...................... 20,813 29,935 29,972 28,433 31,865
------- -------- ------- ------- -------
Operating loss................................... (5,366) (10,756) (2,119) (2,153) (5,708)
Other income, net................................ 1,903 211 503 715 779
------- -------- ------- ------- -------
Loss before provision for income taxes........... (3,463) (10,545) (1,616) (1,438) (4,929)
Provision for income taxes....................... 286 2,271 336 50 40
------- -------- ------- ------- -------
Net loss......................................... $(3,749) $(12,816) $(1,952) $(1,488) $(4,969)
======= ======== ======= ======= =======
Basic and diluted loss per share (1)............. $ (0.57) $ (2.01) $ (0.32) $ (0.23) $ (0.79)
======= ======== ======= ======= =======
Weighted average basic and diluted common shares
outstanding (1)................................ 6,531 6,365 6,149 6,371 6,310
======= ======== ======= ======= =======
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments $ 1,967 $ 3,355 $11,685 $14,534 $15,801
Working capital.................................. (2,439) 285 12,814 14,650 15,149
Total assets..................................... 9,932 15,540 26,934 28,268 31,517
Total stockholders' equity (deficit)............. (436) 2,412 14,922 17,483 19,828
- --------
(1) Computed as described in Note 1(k) of Notes to Consolidated Financial
Statements.
11
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Overview
We were incorporated in 1986 to provide software products for expert
operations management. We provide software products and services that enable
organizations to automate aspects of their operations that have historically
required the direct attention of human experts. Our product and service
offerings are all based on or relate to our flagship product, G2, which can
emulate the reasoning of human experts as they assess, diagnose, and respond to
unusual operating situations or as they seek to optimize operations. With G2,
organizations in manufacturing, communications, transportation, aerospace, and
government maximize the performance and availability of their operations.
For example, Fortune 1000 manufacturers such as ExxonMobil, DuPont, LaFarge,
Eli Lilly, and Seagate use G2 to help operators detect problems early and to
provide advice that avoids off-specification production and unexpected
shutdowns. Manufacturers and government agencies use G2 to optimize their
supply chain and logistics operations. Also, communications companies such as
AT&T, Ericsson Wireless, and Nokia use G2 to troubleshoot network faults so
that network availability and service levels are maximized.
In order to reach the broadest possible market, we employ a direct sales
force and selected resellers to bring our products and services to end users
around the world. We sell to major accounts and provide personal contact with
customers, both directly and through channel partners. Solutions engineers
perform demonstrations at customer sites and assist customers in evaluating
their technical requirements and in implementing our technology. Regular
seminars and workshops are hosted at our larger offices and via Web seminars to
demonstrate our products. We offer basic and advanced training courses that
teach prospective and new customers how to build application solutions using
our products.
We also distribute our products through a network of systems integrators and
value-added resellers, who are selected for their capability to provide end
users with focused application solutions built on G2 and our other software
platforms. We market our products in Japan, South America and certain other
countries through distributors. These distributors have technical competence in
the application of G2 and our other technologies, market our products, provide
local training and support assistance to customers, translate documentation,
help localize software, and provide systems integration services.
In August, 2001, Lowell B. Hawkinson, a founder of Gensym, succeeded Patrick
Courtin as our chairman, president and chief executive officer. Mr. Hawkinson
previously served as our chairman and chief executive officer from 1986 to
1999. Also in August 2001, we announced a strategic restructuring plan that
included a 40% reduction in workforce and a renewed focus on our existing
customer base and our G2 and G2-based products. We also realigned our software
and services into two major product lines: one comprised of G2 and G2-based
products, which are sold in both the expert manufacturing and network
management market segments, and the other comprised of NetCure and related
products which are sold exclusively in the network management market segment.
As part of the strategic restructuring, we announced that we would seek
strategic partners to promote and exploit the NetCure product line and that we
would explore and consider our options with respect to the sale of the NetCure
product line to an established market participant capable of exploiting it. On
November 9, 2001 we sold the NetCure product line to Rocket Software, Inc. for
$2.5 million in cash.
This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements. For
this purpose, any statements contained herein that are not statements of
historical fact may be deemed to be forward-looking statements. Without
limiting the foregoing, the words "believes," "anticipates," "plans,"
"expects," "intends" and similar expressions are intended to identify
forward-looking statements. There are a number of important factors that could
cause our actual results to differ materially from those indicated by such
forward-looking statements. These factors include, without limitation, those
set forth below under the caption "Factors That May Affect Future Results".
12
Critical Accounting Policies
The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of
operations are based upon the our consolidated financial statements, which have
been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in
the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to
make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets,
liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets
and liabilities. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates, including
those related to bad debts, income taxes, restructuring and contingencies. We
base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions
that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of
which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets
and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual
results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or
conditions.
We believe the following critical accounting policies affect the more
significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated
financial statements.
Revenue Recognition
Our revenue recognition policy is significant because our revenue is a key
component of our results of operations. We recognize revenue from product sales
upon product shipment provided that there are no uncertainties regarding
acceptance, there is persuasive evidence of an arrangement, the sale price is
fixed or determinable and collection of the related accounts receivable is
probable. If there are uncertainties regarding customer acceptance, revenue is
deferred until the uncertainties are resolved. We recognize revenue in
accordance with Statement of Position (SOP) 97-2, Software Revenue Recognition.
For arrangements that include the delivery of multiple elements, revenue is
allocated to the various elements based on vendor specific objective evidence
of fair value. We establish vendor specific objective evidence based on either
the price charged for the element when sold separately or for elements not yet
sold separately, the price established by management with the relevant
authority to do so. Vendor specific objective evidence for software maintenance
represents a consistent percentage of the license fees charged to customers for
maintenance renewals. Vendor specific objective evidence for consulting and
training services represents standard rates, which we charge our customers when
we sell these services separately. In accordance with SOP 98-9, Modification of
SOP 97-2, Software Revenue Recognition, With Respect to Certain Transactions,
we use the residual method when fair value does not exist for one of the
delivered elements in the arrangements. Under the residual method, the fair
value of the undelivered element is deferred and recognized when delivered. We
have established vendor specific objective evidence for consulting, training
and software maintenance services. Accordingly, software license revenue is
recognized under the residual method in arrangements in which software is
licensed with consulting, training or software maintenance.
Revenues from the sale of multi-copy licenses are recognized upon the
shipment of the product master or the first copy of the software product if the
product master is not to be delivered. Under these arrangements, duplication is
incidental to the arrangement and, if material, duplication costs are accrued
when the revenue is recognized. Revenues from multiple single licenses are
recognized as copies are delivered to the customer or copies are sold by the
customer.
Revenues from sales to resellers are recognized upon the delivery of the
software, provided all other revenue recognition criteria, as specified above,
have been satisfied. We do not grant rights of return to any customers,
including resellers.
Software maintenance fees are recognized as revenue ratably over the life of
the software maintenance contract period. Software maintenance arrangements
include unspecified rights to software updates. These services are typically
sold for a one-year term and are sold either as part of a multiple element
arrangement with software licenses or are sold separately at the time of
renewal.
Revenues derived from consulting and training are recognized upon
performance of the services provided that the amounts due from customers are
fixed or determinable and deemed collectible by management. Deferred revenue
primarily represents advance billings for software services, which include
software maintenance, consulting, training and license prepayment fees.
13
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Our management must make estimates of the uncollectability of our accounts
receivables. Management specifically analyzes accounts receivable and analyzes
historical bad debts, customer concentrations, customer credit-worthiness,
current economic trends and changes in our customer payment terms when
evaluating the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts. Our accounts
receivable balance was $5.5 million, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of
$334,000 as of December 31, 2001. Uncertainties affecting our estimates include
future industry and economic trends and the related impact of the financial
condition of our customers, as well as the ability of our customers to generate
cash flows sufficient to pay us amounts due. If circumstances change, such as
higher than expected defaults or an unexpected material adverse change in a
customer's ability to meet its financial obligations to us, our estimates of
the recoverability of amounts due us could be reduced by a material amount.
Accounting for Income Taxes
As part of the process of preparing our consolidated financial statements we
are required to estimate our income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which
we operate. This process involves us estimating our actual current tax
liabilities together with assessing temporary differences resulting from
differing treatment of items, such as deferred revenue, for tax and accounting
purposes. These differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities,
which are included within our consolidated balance sheet. Tax assets also
result from net operating losses, research and development tax credits and
foreign tax credits. We must then assess the likelihood that our deferred tax
assets will be recovered from future taxable income and to the extent we
believe that recovery is not likely, we must establish a valuation allowance.
To the extent we establish a valuation allowance or increase this allowance in
a period, the impact will be included in the tax provision in the statement of
operations.
Significant management judgment is required in determining our provision for
income taxes, our deferred tax assets and liabilities and any valuation
allowance recorded against our deferred tax assets. We have recorded a
valuation allowance of $11.0 million as of December 31, 2001, due to
uncertainties related to our ability to utilize some of our deferred tax
assets, primarily consisting of certain net operating loss carryforwards,
research and development tax credits and foreign tax credits, before they
expire. The valuation allowance is based on our estimates of taxable income by
jurisdiction in which we operate and the period over which our deferred tax
assets will be recoverable. In the event that actual results differ from these
estimates or we adjust these estimates in future periods we may need to
establish an additional valuation allowance which could materially impact our
financial position and results of operations. At December 31, 2001 we have
provided a 100% valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets.
The above listing is not intended to be a comprehensive list of all of our
accounting policies. Our significant accounting policies are more fully
described in Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements. See our audited
consolidated financial statements and notes thereto which begin on page 29 of
this Annual Report on Form 10-K which contain accounting policies and other
disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United
States.
14
Results of Operations
The following table sets forth, as a percentage of total revenues,
consolidated statements of operations data for the periods indicated:
Year ended December 31,
---------------------
2001 2000 1999
----- ----- -----
Revenues:
Product............................ 31.2% 43.5% 53.9%
Service............................... 68.8 56.5 46.1
----- ----- -----
Total revenues................. 100.0 100.0 100.0
Cost of revenues:
Product............................... 4.8 3.9 3.6
Service............................... 18.7 26.5 19.9
----- ----- -----
Total cost of revenue.......... 23.5 30.4 23.5
Gross margin.......................... 76.5 69.6 76.5
----- ----- -----
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing................ 43.9 63.0 50.0
Research and development........... 24.8 27.6 17.8
General and administrative......... 21.7 18.0 14.5
Restructuring charge............... 12.7 -- --
----- ----- -----
Total operating expenses....... 103.1 108.6 82.3
----- ----- -----
Operating loss........................ (26.6) (39.0) (5.8)
Other income, net..................... 9.4 0.8 1.4
----- ----- -----
Loss before provision for income taxes (17.2) (38.2) (4.4)
Provision for income taxes............ 1.4 8.3 0.9
----- ----- -----
Net loss.............................. (18.6)% (46.5)% (5.3)%
===== ===== =====
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2001 AND 2000
Revenues
Our operating revenues are derived from two sources: product licenses and
services. Product revenues include revenues from sales of licenses for use of
our software products. Service revenues consist of fees for maintenance
contracts, consulting services, and training courses related to our products.
Total revenues were $20.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2001 and
$27.6 million for the same period in 2000, a decrease of $7.4 million, or
26.8%. The decrease in total revenues was primarily attributable to a decrease
in sales of product licenses and application consulting services. Both domestic
and international markets contributed to the drop in revenues and reflects the
overall decrease in the economic conditions of the U.S. and world markets.
International revenues accounted for 44% of total revenues in 2001 and 2000.
Product. Product revenues decreased $5.7 million, or 47.5 %, to $6.3
million for the year ended December 31, 2001 from $12.0 million in 2000.
Revenue decreased in all product lines for both domestic and international
markets and was due to the general slowdown in the US and world markets. The
combined telecommunications and process manufacturing market segment reflected
the largest decline in product revenue and decreased by $4.1 million to $3.0
million during the year ended December 31, 2001, from $ 7.1 million in 2000.
Service. Service revenues decreased $1.7 million, or 10.9%, to $13.9
million for the year ended December 31, 2001 from $15.6 million in 2000. The
decrease in service revenues was primarily due to a decrease in application
consulting revenues of $1.2 million in 2001 compared to 2000. In addition,
training fees
15
decreased $0.3 million and customer maintenance renewals decreased $0.2
million, reflecting the effect of lower license revenues.
Cost of Revenues
Cost of revenues primarily consists of consulting labor, technical support
costs, and the costs of material and labor involved in producing and
distributing our software. Cost of revenues were $4.7 million for the year
ended December 31, 2001 and $8.4 million for the same period in 2000, a
decrease of $3.7 million, or 44.0%. The decrease in cost of revenues was
primarily the result of the implementation of our restructuring plan to reduce
operating expenses. The number of employees associated with the cost of revenue
decreased by 47, or 64%, to 26 employees at December 31, 2001, compared to 73
employees at December 31, 2000. This resulted in personnel related expenses
decreasing approximately $3.3 million for 2001.
Product cost was $1.0 million in 2001, a decrease of $0.1 million from 2000.
The decrease in product costs is attributable to a $0.2 million decrease in
personnel related expenses offset by a $0.1 million increase in royalty fees.
Service cost was $3.8 million in 2001, a decrease of $3.6 million from 2000.
Approximately $3.1 million of this decrease was due to lower personnel related
expenses and $0.5 million of the decrease was the result in a decline in
support costs. These decreases were primarily due to lower personnel related
expenses associated with our restructuring plan. The number of employees
associated with services decreased by 42, or 67%, to 21 employees at December
31, 2001 compared to 63 employees at December 31, 2000.
Gross margin on revenues for the year ended December 31, 2001 was 76.5%, as
compared to 69.6% in 2000. The increase in gross profit percentage resulted
primarily from lower costs in 2001 compared to 2000.
Operating Expenses
Total operating expenses were $20.8 million in 2001 as compared to $29.9
million in 2000. Operating expenses, excluding restructuring charges, were
$18.3 million (90.4% of total revenue) for the year ended December 31, 2001, a
decrease of $11.6 million, or 38.8 %, compared to $29.9 million (108.6% of
total revenue) in 2000. The decrease in operating expenses were primarily due
to our restructuring plan to reduce costs. The number of employees associated
with operating expense decreased by 98, or 65%, to 53 employees at December 31,
2001 compared to 151 employees at December 31, 2000. This resulted in a
decrease of personnel related operating expenses for 2001 of approximately $9.2
million.
Sales and Marketing. Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of
costs associated with personnel involved in the sales and marketing process,
sales commissions, sales facilities, travel and lodging, trade shows and
seminars, advertising, and promotional materials. For the year ended December
31, 2001, sales and marketing expenses decreased $8.5 million, or 48.9%, to
$8.9 million (43.9% of total revenues) compared to $17.4 million (63.0% of
total revenues) in 2000. The decrease in expenses resulted from a decrease of
personnel related costs of $5.7 million, a decrease of marketing programs,
professional services and trade shows of $1.0 million and a decrease of
facilities support costs of $1.8 million. The number of employees associated
with sales and marketing decreased by 56, or 73%, to 21 employees at December
31, 2001 compared to 77 employees at December 31, 2000.
Research and Development. Research and development expenses consist
primarily of costs of personnel, equipment, and facilities. These expenses
decreased $2.6 million or 34.3% to $5.0 million (24.8% of total revenue) for
the year ended December 31, 2001 from $7.6 million (27.6% of total revenue) in
2000. The decrease in expenses resulted from a decrease of personnel related
costs of $2.5 million and a decrease of outside contractors cost of $0.1
million. The number of employees associated with research and development
decreased by 34, or 71%, to 14 employees at December 31, 2001 from 48 employees
at December 31, 2000.
16
General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses consist
primarily of personnel costs for finance, administration, operations, and
general management, as well as legal and accounting expenses. These expenses
decreased $0.5 million, or 11.2% to $4.4 million (21.7% of total revenue) for
the year ended December 31, 2001 compared to $4.9 million (18.0% of total
revenue) in 2000. The decrease in expenses resulted from a decrease in
personnel related cost of $1.0 million, a decrease of professional costs of
$0.3 million offset by an increase in costs of accounting and legal fees of
$0.8 million primarily attributable to our withdrawn rights offering. The
number of employees associated with general and administrative expenses
decreased by 8, or 31%, to 18 employees at December 31, 2001 from 26 employees
at December 31, 2000.
Restructuring Charge
In January, April, July, and August 2001, we undertook restructuring plans
to reduce operating costs. For the year ended December 31, 2001 we incurred
restructuring charges of $2.6 million. The restructuring plans consisted of
reductions in employee headcount and the closing of certain offices. The
reductions in employee headcount were from all operating groups and from all
geographical areas and totaled approximately 45 in January, 13 in April, 12 in
July, and 50 in August. The restructuring charge included a non-cash amount of
approximately $657,000 related primarily to cumulative translation adjustments
associated with the closing of foreign offices and liquidation of subsidiaries
in Europe, the far east and Asia-Pacific and approximately $1.9 million related
to employee severance. Approximately $1.7 million was paid out for employee
severance in the year ended December 31, 2001 related to the restructuring
actions. Approximately $239,000 of severance payments remain to be paid, and
are expected to be fully paid by September 30, 2002.
Details of our restructuring reserves related to continuing operations and
activity recorded during 2001 were as follows:
Reserve Reserve
Balance Current Current Balance
Dec. 31, Year Year Dec. 31,
2000 Provision Utilization 2001
(In thousands) -------- --------- ----------- --------
Provision for severance relating to workforce reductions.... -- 1,902 (1,663) $ 239
Provision for write-off of cumulative translation adjustment -- 595 (595) $ --
Provision for asset write-offs.............................. 62 (62) $ --
---- ------ ------- -----
Total....................................................... $ -- $2,559 $(2,320) $ 239
==== ====== ======= =====
Other Income
Other income consists primarily of interest income, interest expense,
foreign exchange transaction gains and losses and the sale of assets. For the
year ended December 31, 2001, other income was $1.9 million and consisted
primarily of $2.0 million in net proceeds from the sale of our NetCure product
line to Rocket Software.
Income Taxes
We recorded a provision for income taxes of $286,000 and $2,271,000, for the
years ended December 31, 2001 and 2000, respectively. The tax provision for
2001 and 2000 represents taxes on income generated in certain foreign
jurisdictions (where we do not have operating loss carryforwards) and revenue
withholding tax on sales in certain foreign jurisdictions. In addition, the tax
provision for the year ended December 31, 2000 included a charge of $1,873,000
in accordance with the increase in the tax valuation allowance in 2000 to
provide a 100% valuation allowance against the deferred tax assets as discussed
below. We generated significant U.S. tax loss carryforwards during the years
ended December 31, 2001 and 2000.
17
Under SFAS No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes, a deferred tax asset
related to the future benefit of a tax loss carryforward should be recorded
unless we make a determination that it is "more likely than not" that such
deferred tax asset would not be realized. Accordingly, a valuation allowance
would be provided against the deferred tax asset to the extent that we cannot
demonstrate that it is "more likely than not" that the deferred tax asset will
be realized. In determining the amount of valuation allowance required, we
consider numerous factors, including historical profitability, estimated future
taxable income, the volatility of the historical earnings, and the volatility
of earnings of the industry in which we operate. We periodically review our
deferred tax asset to determine if such asset is realizable. In 2000, we
concluded, in accordance with SFAS No. 109, that we should not recognize the
value of our deferred tax asset under the "more likely than not" test and
therefore increased the amount of our valuation allowance to equal the entire
deferred tax asset. This increase in the valuation allowance resulted in a
charge to the provision for income taxes of $1,873,000 during the year ended
December 31, 2000. The primary factor considered in evaluating the
realizability of the deferred tax asset and the level of valuation allowance
was our history of operating losses. See Note 4 of Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements.
Years Ended December 31, 2000 and 1999
Revenues
Total revenues were $27.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2000 and
$36.4 million for the same period in 1999, a decrease of $8.9 million, or
24.3%. The decrease in total revenues was attributable to both a decrease in
sales of product licenses and application consulting services. International
revenues accounted for 44% and 46% of total revenues in 2000 and 1999,
respectively.
Product. Product revenues decreased $7.6 million, or 38.9%, to $12.0
million for the year ended December 31, 2000 from $19.6 million in 1999. The
decrease in product revenues was across all product lines and occurred in both
domestic and international markets. Much of the decrease was attributable to
our new pricing and product line packaging policies implemented in 2000. As
part of our new strategic direction, we introduced new product-packaging and
customer service programs designed to make it easier for customers to do
business with us and enable us to align our business practices with software
industry norms. Implementing the new strategic direction was disruptive to our
business in the second half of the year. Also, in 1999, product revenue
included $2.9 million from a single customer, BMC Software, Inc.
Service. Service revenues decreased $1.2 million, or 7.2%, to $15.6 million
for the year ended December 31, 2000 from $16.8 million in 1999. The decrease
in service revenues was primarily due to decreases in application consulting
revenues and training fees. Application consulting fees declined $1.4 million
for the year ended December 31, 2000 as compared to 1999 primarily due to the
completion of a large 1999 consulting project with BMC Software Inc., which
resulted in $0.3 million of revenue in 2000 and $1.4 million in 1999. Customer
support revenues for the year ended December 31, 2000 increased $400,000, from
$9.4 million to $9.8 million in 2000. Strong maintenance contract renewals
attributed to the increase.
Cost of Revenues
Cost of revenues remained virtually unchanged in 2000. Cost of revenues were
$8.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2000 and $8.6 million for the same
period in 1999, a decrease of $0.2 million, or 2.1%. Product cost was $1.1
million in 2000, a decrease of $0.2 million from 1999. A decrease in payroll
related costs of $0.4 million was partially offset by higher royalty and
product costs. Service cost was $7.3 million in 2000 and remained unchanged
from 1999. Gross margin on revenues for the year ended December 31, 2000 was
69.6%, as compared to 76.5% in 1999. The decrease in gross profit resulted
primarily from lower revenue in 2000 compared to 1999.
18
Operating Expenses
Total operating expenses remained consistent with 1999. Total operating
expenses were $29.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2000, a decrease of
0.1%, from $30.0 million in 1999. Research and development costs increased
during 2000 consistent with our plan to develop new products. The increase in
research and development costs was almost entirely offset by decreased spending
in sales and administrative costs.
Sales and Marketing. For the year ended December 31, 2000, sales and
marketing expenses decreased $835,000, or 4.6%, to $17.4 million (63.0% of
total revenues) from $18.2 million (50.0% of total revenues) in 1999. The
decrease was primarily a result of lower sales commissions of approximately
$1.3 million resulting from lower sales in 2000, plus cost savings resulting
from the consolidation of field sales offices estimated to be approximately
$0.2 million. The decrease in costs was partially offset by an increase in
trade show expense of $0.6 million. Sales and marketing expenses increased as a
percent of total revenue, as a result of lower revenue in 2000 from 1999.
Research and Development. These expenses increased $1.1 million or 17.7% to
$7.6 million (27.6% of total revenue) for the year ended December 31, 2000 from
$6.5 million (17.8% of total revenue) in 1999. The increase was primarily
attributable to an increase in subcontracted research and development labor
costs of approximately $0.7 million and recruitment costs for product
development engineers of approximately $0.2 million. The increase in research
and development as a percent of total revenue was twofold; research and
development expense increased and total revenue was lower in 2000 as compared
to 1999.
General and Administrative: These expenses decreased $346,000, or 6.5% to
$4.9 million (17.9% of total revenue) for the year ended December 31, 2000 from
$5.3 million (14.5% of total revenue) in 1999. The decrease in expenses was
primarily due to fewer general and administrative personnel, in 2000 over 1999
which resulted in a decrease of salary and related costs of approximately $0.4
million. General and administrative expenses increased as a percent of total
revenue, due to lower revenue in 2000 as compared to 1999.
Other Income
For the year ended December 31, 2000, other income decreased $292,000 or
58.1% to $211,000 from $503,000 for 1999. The decrease in other income was due
to decreased interest income resulting from lower cash balances and foreign
exchange fluctuations.
Income Taxes
We recorded a provision for income taxes of $2,271,000 and $336,000, for the
years ended December 31, 2000 and 1999, respectively. The provision for the
year ended December 31, 2000 included a charge of $1,873,000 in accordance with
the increase in the tax valuation allowance to equal the entire deferred tax
asset as discussed below. The balance of the tax provision for 2000 of $398,000
and the 1999 provision of $336,000 represents income taxes on income generated
in certain foreign jurisdictions (where we do not have operating loss
carryforwards) and revenue withholding tax on sales in certain foreign
jurisdictions. We generated significant U.S. tax loss carryforwards during the
years ended December 31, 2000 and 1999.
Under SFAS No. 109, a deferred tax asset related to the future benefit of a
tax loss carryforward should be recorded unless we makes a determination that
it is "more likely than not" that such deferred tax asset would not be
realized. Accordingly, a valuation allowance would be provided against the
deferred tax asset to the extent that we cannot demonstrate that it is "more
likely than not" that the deferred tax asset will be realized. In determining
the amount of valuation allowance required, we consider numerous factors,
including historical profitability, estimated future taxable income, the
volatility of the historical earnings, and the volatility of earnings of the
industry in which we operate. We periodically review our deferred tax asset to
determine if such asset is realizable. In 2000, we concluded, in accordance
with SFAS No. 109, that we should not recognize the
19
value of our deferred tax asset under the "more likely than not" test and
therefore increased the amount of our valuation allowance to equal the entire
deferred tax asset. This increase in the valuation allowance resulted in a
charge to the provision for income taxes of $1,873,000 during the year ended
December 31, 2000. The primary factor considered in evaluating the
realizability of the deferred tax asset and the level of valuation allowance
was our history of operating losses. See Note 4 of Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements
Selected Quarterly Operating Results
Our operating results have fluctuated in the past and may fluctuate
significantly in the future. Because we ship software products within a short
period after receipt of an order, we typically do not have a material backlog
of unfilled orders for software products. Accordingly, revenues from software
licenses in any quarter are substantially dependent on orders for software
products booked in the quarter.
The revenues for a quarter typically include a number of large orders. If
the timing of any of these orders is delayed, it could result in a substantial
reduction in revenues for that quarter. Historically, a majority of each
quarter's revenues from software licenses has come from license contracts that
have been effected in the final weeks of that quarter. Since our expense levels
are based in part on our expectations as to future revenues, we may be unable
to adjust spending in a timely manner to compensate for any revenue shortfall.
Accordingly, any revenue shortfalls would likely have a disproportionate
adverse effect on net income.
In the quarter ended September 30, 2000, we recorded a provision for income
taxes of $1,963,000. The provision included a charge of $1,873,000 in
accordance with the increase in the tax valuation allowance to equal the entire
deferred tax asset.
The significant quarter to quarter fluctuations were as follows:
. Total revenue decreased $1.8 million to $5.5 million for the three months
ended September 30, 2000 from $7.3 million for the three months ended
June 30, 2000. Product revenues decreased $1.1 million due primarily to
customers delaying purchasing decisions while they assessed our new
pricing and product line packaging policy implemented in September 2000.
The decrease was mainly reflected in the manufacturing and
telecommunications business segment. Service revenue decreased $0.7
million and was primarily due to lower consulting activity relating to
the decrease in product sales.
. Total revenue increased $2.2 million to $7.7 million for the three months
ended December 31, 2000 from $5.5 million for the three months ended
September 30, 2000. The increase in product revenue of $1.5 million was
primarily due to customers placing orders delayed from the third quarter
due to our new pricing policy implemented in that quarter. The increase
was reflected in the telecommunications and aerospace/government
industries. Service revenue increased $0.7 million primarily due to
higher consulting activity relating to increased product sales.
. Operating costs (excluding restructuring costs) decreased $1.7 million to
$3.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2001 from $5.5
million for the three months ended June 30, 2001. The decrease in costs
were primarily due to personnel related costs of $1.5 million associated
with our 2001 restructuring plan to reduce expenses.
. Sales and marketing costs decreased $3.3 million, quarter over quarter,
starting from the quarter ended December 31, 2000 of $4.8 million and
ending with the quarter ended September 30, 2001 of $1.5 million. The
decrease over the three-quarters was due to our worldwide effort to
reduce sales infrastructure costs and our restructuring plan to reduce
operating expenses.
. Research and development cost decreased $1.2 million, quarter over
quarter, starting from the quarter ended December 31, 2000 of $1.9
million and ending with the quarter ended December 31, 2001 of $0.7
million. The decrease over the four quarters was due to our restructuring
plan to reduce operating expenses.
20
. Other income, net was $2.1 million for the quarter ended December 31,
2001, an increase of $1.9 million from the quarter ended September 30,
2001, which had a net expense of $207,000. The increase in other income,
net consisted primarily of $2.0 million in net proceeds from the sale of
our NetCure product-line to Rocket Software.
The following tables present unaudited financial information for our eight
most recent quarters. The following selected quarterly information includes all
adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) that the we
consider necessary for a fair presentation. We believe that quarter-to-quarter
comparisons of our financial results are not necessarily meaningful and that
such comparisons should not be relied upon as an indication of future
performance.
Quarter Ended
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, Mar. 31, Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, Mar. 31,
2001 2001 2001 2001 2000 2000 2000 2000
-------- --------- -------- -------- -------- --------- -------- --------
(In thousands, except per share data)
Revenues:
Product..................................... $ 1,544 $1,555 $ 1,427 $ 1,776 $ 3,619 $ 2,139 $ 3,268 $ 2,966
Services.................................... 3,223 3,425 3,574 3,657 4,102 3,341 4,005 4,135
------- ------ ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Total revenues........................... 4,767 4,980 5,001 5,433 7,721 5,480 7,273 7,101
Cost of revenues...............................
Product..................................... 354 161 264 190 322 231 226 294
Services.................................... 763 863 1,005 1,134 1,783 1,698 1,770 2,072
------- ------ ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Total cost of revenue.................... 1,117 1,024 1,269 1,324 2,105 1,929 1,996 2,366
------- ------ ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Gross profit................................... 3,650 3,956 3,732 4,109 5,616 3,551 5,277 4,735
------- ------ ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing......................... 1,454 1,546 2,772 3,093 4,796 4,199 4,057 4,327
Research and development.................... 728 1,077 1,489 1,705 1,893 1,959 1,957 1,805
General and administrative.................. 1,106 1,145 1,262 877 1,274 1,062 1,102 1,504
Restructuring charge........................ -- 827 1,131 601 -- -- -- --
------- ------ ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Total operating expenses................. 3,288 4,595 6,654 6,276 7,963 7,220 7,116 7,636
------- ------ ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Operating income (loss)........................ 362 (639) (2,922) (2,167) (2,347) (3,669) (1,839) (2,901)
Other income, net.............................. 2,132 (207) (4) (18) 53 98 (9) 69
------- ------ ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes 2,494 (846) (2,926) (2,185) (2,294) (3,571) (1,848) (2,832)
Provision for income taxes..................... 165 12 81 28 233 1,963 15 60
------- ------ ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Net income (loss)..............................
$2,329 $ (858) $(3,007) $(2,213) $(2,527) $(5,534) $(1,863) $(2,892)
======= ====== ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= =======
Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share.... $ 0.35 $(0.13) $ (0.46) $ (0.34) $ (0.39) $ (0.86) $ (0.29) $ (0.46)
======= ====== ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= =======
Weighted average shares outstanding--Basic..... 6,593 6,554 6,510 6,467 6,433 6,400 6,367 6,260
======= ====== ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= =======
Weighted average shares outstanding--Diluted... 6,593 6,554 6,510 6,467 6,433 6,400 6,367 6,260
======= ====== ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= =======
Quarter Ended
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, Mar. 31, Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, Mar. 31,
2001 2001 2001 2001 2000 2000 2000 2000
-------- --------- -------- -------- -------- --------- -------- --------
(as a percentage of total revenues)
Revenues:
Product..................................... 32.4% 31.2% 28.5% 32.7% 46.9% 39.0% 44.9% 41.8%
Services.................................... 67.6 68.8 71.5 67.3 53.1 61.0 55.1 58.2
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ------ ----- -----
Total revenues........................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Cost of revenues
Product..................................... 7.4 3.2 5.3 3.5 4.2 4.2 3.1 4.1
Services.................................... 16.0 17.4 20.1 20.9 23.1 31.0 24.3 29.2
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ------ ----- -----
Total cost of revenue.................... 23.4 20.6 25.4 24.4 27.3 35.2 27.4 33.3
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ------ ----- -----
Gross profit................................... 76.6 79.4 74.6 75.6 72.7 64.8 72.6 66.7
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ------ ----- -----
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing......................... 30.5 31.0 55.4 56.9 62.1 76.6 55.8 60.9
Research and development.................... 15.3 21.6 29.8 31.4 24.5 35.8 26.9 25.4
General and administrative.................. 23.2 23.0 25.2 16.1 16.5 19.4 15.2 21.2
Restructuring charge........................ -- 16.6 22.6 11.1 -- -- -- --
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ------ ----- -----
Total operating expenses................. 69.0 92.2 133.0 115.5 103.1 131.8 97.9 107.5
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ------ ----- -----
Operating income (loss)........................ 7.6 (12.8) (58.4) (39.9) (30.4) (67.0) (25.3) (40.8)
Other income, net.............................. 44.7 (4.2) (0.1) (0.3) 0.7 1.8 (0.1) 1.0
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ------ ----- -----
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes 52.3 (17.0) (58.5) (40.2) (29.7) (65.2) (25.4) (39.8)
Provision for income taxes..................... 3.4 0.2 1.6 0.5 3.0 35.8 0.2 0.8
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ------ ----- -----
Net income (loss)..............................
48.9% (17.2)% (60.1)% (40.7)% (32.7)% (101.0)% (25.6)% (40.6)%
===== ===== ===== ===== ===== ====== ===== =====
21
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our December 31, 2001 cash and cash equivalents balance of $2.0 million
decreased $0.7 from December 31, 2000. Cash used for operations in 2001 was
$2.8 million. A net loss of $3.7 million combined with the non-operating gain
on the sale of the NetCure product line and the paydown of accounts payable and
accrued expenses of $3.0 million was partially offset by cash received from
accounts receivable of $3.4 million, a reduction of prepaid expense of $0.8
million, an increase in deferred revenue of $0.4 million combined with non-cash
expenses (depreciation and amortization and the non-cash portion of the
restructuring charge) of $1.4 million.
Cash provided by investing activities in 2001 was $2.2 million which
primarily consisted of $2.0 million in net proceeds from the sale of the
NetCure product line, $698,000 received from the sale of short-term securities
offset by $693,000 used to purchase equipment and leasehold improvements.
Cash used in financing activities in 2001 was $9,000 which consisted of
$95,000 principal payments on capitalized leases offset by $86,000 from the
issuance of stock under our stock purchase plan.
On March 28, 2001, we entered into an accounts receivable financing
agreement with Silicon Valley Bank. The financing agreement provides us with
the ability to borrow up to 80% of our qualified and eligible gross domestic
accounts receivable up to a maximum of $2.5 million. Borrowings under this
agreement will be at an interest rate of 2% per month of the average gross
daily purchase account balance, plus an administration fee of 1% of gross
purchased account receivables. On August 16, 2001, we renegotiated the terms of
the financing agreement, and signed an accounts receivable purchase agreement,
that does not include restrictive financial covenants. The total available
borrowings, interest rate and administrative fee under the renegotiated
facility remain unchanged. At December 31, 2001 we had no borrowings
outstanding under this facility. Amounts under this facility are secured by
substantially all of our corporate assets. The facility may be terminated by
either party at any time.
In September 2001, we obtained bridge loans of approximately $1.0 million to
meet cash needs from a group of investors consisting of a Gensym business
partner and eight individuals, including a Gensym founder and all of the
members of our board of directors. On November 9, 2001, the principal and
accrued interest totaling $1,046,000 on the loans were repaid from the net
proceeds related to the sale of the NetCure product line.
On November 9, 2001 we completed the sale of our NetCure product line to
Rocket Software, Inc. for $2.5 million in cash. The sale of the NetCure product
line was part of our reorganization plan that was announced in early August.
We currently finance our operations, along with capital expenditures,
primarily through cash flows from operations, short-term financing
arrangements, and our current cash. Our lease commitments consist of operating
leases primarily for our facilities and computer equipment. We have a capital
lease for our communications equipment. Our obligations relating to these
leases at December 31, 2001 are as follows:
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Thereafter
(In thousands) ------ ------ ------ ---- ---- ----------
Non-Cancellable leases $1,500 $1,247 $1,045 $954 $302 $203
Rent, office lease and equipment lease expense under the above leases, net
of rental income from sub-leases, was approximately $1,798,000 in 2001,
$3,114,000 in 2000, and $3,159,000 in 1999.
Our liquidity is affected by many factors, some based on the normal
operations of our business and others related to the uncertainties of the
industry and global economies. As discussed above, our cash requirements have
been reduced significantly as a result of the restructuring actions we
undertook in 2001. Although our cash requirements will fluctuate based on the
factors set forth above, we believe that our current cash and cash equivalents
and cash flows from operations will be sufficient to meet our business
requirements at least through December 31, 2002.
22
Stock Repurchase Program
In the third quarter of 1998, we began a program to repurchase up to 650,000
shares of our common stock on the open market. As of December 31, 2001, 501,300
shares had been repurchased at a cost of $1,869,000. There has been no
repurchase of shares since March 31, 1999.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In January 2001, we adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board,
(FASB), Statement of Financial Accounting Standards, (SFAS) No. 133, Accounting
for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, as amended by SFAS Nos. 137
and 138. This statement establishes accounting and reporting standards for
derivative instruments, including derivative instruments embedded in other
contracts, and for hedging activities. Adoption of SFAS No. 133 did not have a
material impact on our consolidated financial statements. We do not currently
have any derivative instruments.
In June 2001, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141, Business Combinations. SFAS No.
141 requires all business combinations initiated after June 30, 2001 to be
accounted for using the purchase method. The adoption of this statement did not
have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In June 2001, the FASB issued SFAS No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible
Assets. With the adoption of SFAS No. 142, goodwill is no longer subject to
amortization over its estimated useful life, but instead goodwill is subject to
at least an annual assessment for impairment by applying a fair-value-based
test. We do not expect that the adoption of this statement will have a material
impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In June 2001, the FASB issued SFAS No. 143, Accounting for Asset Retirement
Obligations. This Statement addresses financial accounting and reporting for
obligations associated with the retirement of tangible long-lived assets and
the associated asset retirement costs. This Statement applies to all entities.
It applies to legal obligations associated with the retirement of long-lived
assets that result from the acquisition, construction, development and (or) the
normal operation of a long-lived asset, except for certain obligations of
lessees. This Statement is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal
years beginning after June 15, 2002. We do not expect that the adoption of this
statement will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In August 2001, the FASB issued SFAS No. 144, Accounting for the Impairment
or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets. This statement supersedes FASB Statement No.
121, Accounting for the Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and for Long-Lived
Assets to Be Disposed Of, and the accounting and reporting provisions of
Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 30, Reporting the Results of Operations
- - Reporting the Effects of Disposal of a Segment of a Business, and
Extraordinary, Unusual and Infrequently Occurring Events and Transactions.
Under this statement, it is required that one accounting model be used for
long-lived assets to be disposed of by sale, whether previously held and used
or newly acquired, and it broadens the presentation of discontinued operations
to include more disposal transactions. The provisions of this statement are
effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after
December 15, 2001, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early
adoption permitted. We do not expect that the adoption of this statement will
have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
Factors That May Affect Future Results
We have a history of operating losses, and our recent restructuring may not
return us to profitability.
We have incurred operating losses for each of the five years in the period
ended December 31, 2001. In August 2001, we announced a strategic restructuring
of our company that included a 40% reduction in workforce, a realignment of our
software and services into two major product lines and a renewed focus on our
existing customers. With the restructuring, we took the required steps to
return our company to profitability on an operating basis for the quarter ended
December 31, 2001. Our management's operational plan relies heavily
23
on achieving operating profitability in 2002 and beyond. Our return to
profitability is based on expense control, cost reductions and continued
revenue from new and existing customers. However, there can be no assurance
that we will be profitable in the future.
Our common stock has been delisted from the Nasdaq National Market. As a
result of the delisting, our stockholders may face an illiquid market for the
shares of our stock that they own.
Our common stock was delisted from the Nasdaq National Market on August 20,
2001 because we failed to meet the listing standards required by Nasdaq. The
delisting may negatively impact the liquidity of our common stock, not only in
the number of shares that can be bought or sold, but also through delays in the
timing of transactions and the reductions in potential security analyst and
media coverage. This may reduce the demand for our common stock and its trading
price. The delisting may also impair our ability to raise additional working
capital.
Our common stock currently trades on the OTC Bulletin Board and is subject
to regulation as a "penny stock." The Securities and Exchange Commission has
adopted regulations that generally define "penny stock" to be any equity
security that has a market price or exercise price of less than $5.00 per
share, subject to certain exceptions, including listing on the Nasdaq National
Market or the Nasdaq SmallCap Market. For transactions covered by the "penny
stock" rules, broker-dealers must make a special suitability determination for
the purchase of the securities and must have received the purchaser's written
consent to the transaction prior to the purchase. Additionally, for any
transaction involving a penny stock, unless exempt, the rules require the
delivery, prior to the transaction, of a risk disclosure document mandated by
the Securities and Exchange Commission relating to the penny stock market. The
broker-dealer is also subject to additional sales practice requirements. The
additional burdens imposed upon broker-dealers by these requirements may
discourage broker-dealers from effecting transactions in our common stock and
may limit the ability of purchasers in this offering to sell the common stock
in the secondary market.
Competition in the market for expert operations management systems is
intensifying and may reduce our revenues.
Substantially all of our revenues are derived from the licensing and support
of software platforms and products for expert operations management, network
management and supply-chain design. Although many organizations have begun to
deploy, or have announced plans to deploy, such systems, these systems are
different from the basic monitoring and control systems that are traditionally
employed by these organizations. There can be no assurance that these
organizations will be able to introduce operations management systems
successfully, nor that such systems will gain widespread acceptance. In
addition, the timing of the implementation of operations management systems by
organizations may be affected by economic factors, government regulations, and
other factors. Delays in the introduction of expert operations management
systems or the failure of these systems to gain widespread market acceptance
would materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations, or
financial condition. In addition, we believe that end-users in our markets are
increasingly seeking application-specific products and components as well as
complete solutions, rather than general software tools to develop
application-specific functionality and solutions. Meeting this demand has
required us to modify our sales approach. We are also increasingly reliant on
value-added resellers and systems integrators to satisfy market requirements.
The modified sales approach may also lengthen our average sales cycle. Our
failure to respond appropriately to shifts in market demand could have a
material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial
condition.
We rely heavily on indirect distribution channels and strategic partner
relationships for the sales of our products. If these relationships are
disrupted, our revenues may be adversely effected.
We sell our products in part through value-added resellers, systems
integrators, original equipment manufacturers and distributors, which are not
under our control. Sales of our products by value-added resellers and systems
integrators represented 26%, 28% and 25% of our product revenues in 2001, 2000
and 1999,
24
respectively. In January 2001, we significantly reduced our direct sales force
for our expert operations management products and in early August 2001 we
announced another workforce reduction in connection with our strategic
restructuring. We are continuing to manage our relationships with existing
expert operations management customers. We now rely increasingly on our
indirect sales partners for sales of our expert operations management products
to new customers. The loss of major original equipment manufacturers or
resellers of our products, a significant decline in their sales, or difficulty
on the part of such third-party developers or resellers in developing
successful G2-based or other of our core technology products and applications
could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or
financial condition. There can be no assurance that we will be able to attract
or retain additional qualified third-party resellers, or that third-party
resellers will be able to effectively sell and implement our products. In
addition, we rely on third-party resellers to provide post-sales service and
support to our customers, and any deficiencies in such service and support
could adversely affect our business, results of operations, or financial
condition.
We depend heavily on our sales and marketing force.
Our future success in the expert operations management marketplace will
depend, in part, upon the productivity of our sales and marketing personnel and
our ability to continue to attract, integrate, train, motivate and retain new
sales and marketing personnel. There can be no assurance that our investment in
sales and marketing will ultimately prove to be successful. In addition, there
canbe no assurance that our sales and marketing personnel will be able to
compete successfully against the significantly more extensive and better funded
sales and marketing operations of many of our current and potential
competitors. Our inability to manage our sales and marketing personnel
effectively could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating
results and financial condition.
Our quarterly operating results vary, leading to fluctuations in trading
prices for our common stock and possible liquidity problems.
We have experienced, and may experience in the future, significant
quarter-to-quarter fluctuations in our operating results. We have recorded
losses in each quarter in 2000 and for the first three quarters of 2001, and
there can be no assurance that revenue growth or profitable operations can be
attained on a quarterly or annual basis in the future. Our sales cycle
typically ranges from six to 12 months, and the cost of acquiring our software,
building and deploying applications, and training users represents a
significant expenditure for customers. Our relatively long sales cycle and high
license fees, together with fixed short-term expenses, can cause significant
variations in operating results from quarter to quarter, based on a relatively
small variation in the timing of major orders. Factors such as the timing of
new product introductions and upgrades and the timing of significant orders
could contribute to this quarterly variability. In addition, we ship software
products within a short period after receipt of an order and typically does not
have a material backlog of unfilled orders of software products. Therefore,
revenues from software licenses in any quarter are substantially dependent on
orders booked in that quarter. Historically, a majority of each quarter's
revenues from software licenses has come from license contracts that have been
effected in the final weeks of that quarter. The revenues for a quarter
typically include a number of large orders. If the timing of any of these
orders is delayed, it could result in a substantial reduction in revenues for
that quarter. Our expense levels are based in part on expectations of future
revenue levels. A shortfall in expected revenues could therefore result in a
disproportionate decrease in our net income and cash flows which may impact our
ability to continue as an independent concern. Our financial performance has
generally been somewhat weaker in the first quarter than in the other fiscal
quarters, due to customer purchasing patterns.
Sales of our products are highly dependent on our customers capital
expenditure budgets. If an economic downturn causes our customers to reduce
their capital expenditures, our revenues may be adversely effected.
Because capital expenditures are often viewed as discretionary by
organizations, sales of our products for capital budget projects are subject to
general economic conditions. Future recessionary conditions in the industries
that use our products may adversely affect our business, results of operations,
or financial condition.
25
We rely heavily on revenues from our G2 product. If demand for the G2
product declines, our revenues may be adversely effected.
Our main product offerings are G2, a customizable object-oriented
development and deployment platform for building expert operations management
systems, and software application products based on G2 and other core
technologies. Accordingly, our business and financial results are substantially
dependent upon the continued customer acceptance and deployment of G2 and our
other products. The timing of major G2 releases may affect the timing of
purchases of our products. We have introduced several G2-based products for
building applications and are developing others. We believe that market
acceptance of these products will be important to our future growth. There can
be no assurance that such products will achieve market acceptance or that new
products will be successfully developed. In addition, we rely on many of our
distribution partners to develop G2-based products for specialized markets.
Accordingly, our business and financial results are also linked to the
continued successful product development by our partners and market acceptance
of such G2-based products. Any decline in the demand for G2 and our other
products, whether as a result of competitive products, price competition, the
lack of success of our partners, technological change, the shift in customer
demand toward complete solutions, or other factors, could have a material
adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.
Our business may be adversely effected if we fail to develop new products
and respond to the changes in technology.
The market for our products is relatively new and is characterized by rapid
technological change, evolving industry standards, changes in end-user
requirements, and frequent new product introductions and enhancements. Our
future success will depend in part upon our ability to enhance our existing
products, to introduce new products and features to meet changing customer
requirements and emerging industry standards, and to manage transitions from
one product release to the next. We have from time to time experienced delays
in introducing new products and product enhancements. There can be no assurance
that we will not experience difficulties that could delay or prevent the
successful development, introduction and marketing of these new products and
product enhancements. There also can be no assurance that we will successfully
complete the development of new or enhanced products, that we will successfully
manage the transition to future versions of G2, or to successor technology, or
that our future products will achieve market acceptance. In addition, the
introduction of products embodying new technologies and the emergence of new
industry standards could render our existing products and products currently
under development obsolete and unmarketable. From time to time, new products,
capabilities, or technologies may be announced that have the potential to
replace or shorten the life cycle of our existing product offerings. There can
be no assurance that announcements of currently planned or other new product
offerings will not cause customers to defer purchasing our existing products.
Our business may suffer if we fail to address the challenges associated with
international operations.
Our international revenues represented 44% of total revenues in both 2001
and 2000. We categorize our revenues according to product shipment destination
and therefore do not necessarily reflect the ultimate country of installation.
The international portion of our business is subject to a number of inherent
risks, including difficulties in building and managing international
operations, difficulties in localizing products and translating documentation
into local languages, fluctuations in the value of international currencies
including the euro, fluctuating import/export duties and quotas, and unexpected
regulatory, economic, or political changes in international markets. In
particular, the continuing economic problems in Asia pose challenges to our
sales and marketing operations in that region. There can be no assurance that
these factors will not adversely affect our business, results of operations, or
financial condition.
26
Our business may suffer if we fail to remain competitive with other
companies offering similar products and services.
Although we believe that there are no other commercially available products
that offer the full range of high-level capabilities embodied in our network
management products, a number of companies offer products that perform certain
functions of G2 for specific applications. In all of our markets, there is
competition from "point solutions", real-time and expert system products, and
internally developed software. At the fundamental level, there are commercially
available software development tools that software application developers or
potential customers could use to build software having functionality similar to
our products.
Certain companies, such as Objective Systems Integrators, Inc., Micromuse,
RiverSoft and Systems Management Arts (SMARTS), sell "point solutions" that
compete with our network management products with respect to specific
applications or uses. Several companies, including AspenTech, Ilog S.A.,
Pavilion and System Management Arts, offer expert operations management
products with limited real-time, expert system, or fault isolation capabilities
at lower price points than those provided by us. Many of these products often
require extensive programming with languages such as C or C++ for complete
implementation. Although we believe that these products offer a less productive
development environment than G2 and that they lack the comprehensive
capabilities of G2-based products, certain competitors in this category have
greater financial and other resources than we do and might introduce new or
improved products to compete with G2, possibly at lower prices.
Our software is also integrated into industry-specific solutions by value-
added resellers. A number of software companies offer products that compete in
specific application areas addressed by these value-added resellers, such as
cement kiln control and refinery scheduling, and they could be successful in
supplying alternatives to products based on our software.
Many of our customers have significant investments in their existing
solutions and have the resources necessary to enhance existing products and to
develop future products. These customers may develop and incorporate competing
technologies into their systems or may outsource responsibility for such
systems to others who do not use our products. There is no assurance that we
can successfully persuade development personnel within these customers'
organizations to use G2-based products that can cost effectively compete with
their internally developed products. This would reduce the need for our
products and services and may limit our future opportunities.
We believe that continued investment in research and development and sales
and marketing will be required to maintain our competitive position. There can
be no assurance that competitors will not develop products or provide services
that are superior to our products or services or achieve greater market
acceptance. Competitive pressures faced by us could force us to reduce our
prices, which could result in reduced profitability. There can be no assurance
that we will be able to compete successfully against current and future sources
of competition or that such competition will not have a material adverse effect
on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.
Our software is complex and may contain undetected errors. Such errors could
cause costly delays in product introduction or require costly software design
modifications.
Complex software products such as those offered by us may contain unintended
errors or failures commonly referred to as "bugs". There can be no assurance
that, despite significant testing by us and by current and potential customers,
errors will not be found in new products after commencement of commercial
shipments. Although we have not experienced material adverse effects resulting
from any such errors or defects to date, there can be no assurance that errors
or defects will not be discovered in the future that could cause delays in
product introduction and shipments or require design modifications that could
adversely affect our business, results of operations, or financial condition.
27
Because we rely heavily upon proprietary technology, our business could be
adversely effected if we are unable to protect our proprietary technology or if
third parties successfully assert infringement claims against us.
Our success is heavily dependent upon our proprietary technology. We rely
upon a combination of trade secret, contract, copyright, patent, and trademark
law to protect our proprietary rights in our products and technology. We enter
into confidentiality and/or license agreements with our employees, third-party
resellers, and end-users and limit access to and distribution of our software,
documentation, and other proprietary information. In addition, we have placed
technical inhibitors in our software that prevent such software from running on
unauthorized computers. However, effective patent, copyright, and trade secret
protection may not be available in every country in which our products are
distributed. There can be no assurance that the steps taken by us to protect
our proprietary technology will be adequate to prevent misappropriation of our
technology by third parties, or that third parties will not be able to develop
similar technology independently. In addition, there can be no assurance that
third parties will not assert infringement claims in the future or that such
claims will not be successful.
On August 2, 2001, we received a letter from a third party alleging that we
are infringing one or more of their patents relating to neural networks, expert
systems and the control of processes. At this time, no formal legal action has
been filed. We believe that these allegations are without merit, and we are
currently engaged in discussions with that party to resolve this matter. There
can be no assurance that our discussions will be successful and resolve the
infringement allegations satisfactorily. Additionally, there can be no
assurance that the third party will not file formal legal action relating to
its claims or, if formal legal action is filed, that our defense against those
claims will be successful.
ITEM 7A. Qualitative and Quantitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Investment Portfolio
We do not use derivative financial instruments in our investment portfolio.
If we place our funds in other than demand deposit accounts we use instruments
that meet high credit quality standards such as money market funds, government
securities, and commercial paper. We limit the amount of credit exposure to any
one issuer. At December 31, 2001 substantially all of our funds were in demand
deposit accounts.
Impact of Foreign Currency Rate Changes
Compared to 2000, the U.S. dollar was stronger, on average, in 2001 relative
to the European currencies in which we have subsidiaries. However, the
translation of our intercompany receivables and foreign entities' assets and
liabilities did not have a material impact on our consolidated results. We do
not use foreign exchange forward contracts to hedge our foreign currency
denominated receivables. There can be no assurance that changes in foreign
currency rates, relative to the U.S. dollar, will not materially affect our
consolidated results in the future.
28
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
GENSYM CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
December 31,
------------------
2001 2000
-------- --------
(In thousands,
except share data)
ASSETS
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents...................................................... $ 1,967 $ 2,657
Short-term investments......................................................... -- 698
Accounts receivable, less reserves of $334 in 2001 and $385 in 2000............ 5,465 8,800
Prepaid expenses............................................................... 470 1,258
-------- --------
Total current assets 7,902 13,413
-------- --------
Property and equipment, at cost
Computer equipment and software................................................ 8,709 8,955
Furniture and fixtures......................................................... 1,936 1,950
Leasehold improvements......................................................... 818 428
-------- --------
11,463 11,333
Accumulated depreciation and amortization...................................... (9,991) (9,936)
-------- --------
1,472 1,397
-------- --------
Deposits and other assets......................................................... 558 730
-------- --------
$ 9,932 $ 15,540
======== ========
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)
Current Liabilities:
Current portion of capital lease obligation.................................... $ 42 $ --
Accounts payable............................................................... 497 1,068
Accrued expenses............................................................... 2,954 5,541
Deferred revenue............................................................... 6,848 6,519
-------- --------
Total current liabilities.................................................. 10,341 13,128
Long-term capital lese obligation, net of current portion......................... 27 --
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 5)
Stockholders' Equity (Deficit):
Preferred Stock, $.01 par value--Authorized 2,000,000 shares
Issued and outstanding--none................................................. -- --
Common Stock, $.01 par value--Authorized--20,000,000 shares
Issued--7,134,247 and 6,968,270 shares in 2001 and 2000, respectively
Outstanding--6,632,947 and 6,466,970 shares in 2001 and 2000, respectively... 71 70
Capital in excess of par value................................................. 21,705 21,620
Treasury stock--501,300 shares in 2001 and 2000, at cost....................... (1,869) (1,869)
Accumulated deficit............................................................ (19,618) (15,869)
Cumulative translation adjustment.............................................. (725) (1,540)
-------- --------
Total stockholders' equity (deficit)....................................... (436) 2,412
-------- --------
$ 9,932 $ 15,540
======== ========
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial
statements
29
GENSYM CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
Year ended December 31,
------------------------------------
2001 2000 1999
------- -------- -------
(In thousands, except per share data
Revenues:
Product................................ $ 6,302 $ 11,992 $19,628
Services............................... 13,879 15,583 16,799
------- -------- -------
Total revenues..................... 20,181 27,575 36,427
Cost of revenues:
Product................................ 969 1,073 1,315
Services............................... 3,765 7,323 7,259
------- -------- -------
Total cost of revenues............. 4,734 8,396 8,574
------- -------- -------
Gross profit.............................. 15,447 19,179 27,853
------- -------- -------
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing.................... 8,865 17,379 18,214
Research and development............... 4,999 7,614 6,470
General and administrative............. 4,390 4,942 5,288
Restructuring charge................... 2,559 -- --
------- -------- -------
Total operating expenses........... 20,813 29,935 29,972
------- -------- -------
Operating loss............................ (5,366) (10,756) (2,119)
Other income..............................
Interest income........................ 23 380 505
Interest expense....................... (39) (7) (15)
Other income (expense), net............ 1,919 (162) 13
------- -------- -------
1,903 211 503
------- -------- -------
Loss before provision for income taxes.... (3,463) (10,545) (1,616)
Provision for income taxes................ 286 2,271 336
------- -------- -------
Net loss.................................. $(3,749) $(12,816) $(1,952)
======= ======== =======
Basic and diluted loss per share.......... $ (0.57) $ (2.01) $ (0.32)
======= ======== =======
Weighted average common shares outstanding 6,531 6,365 6,149
======= ======== =======
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial
statements.
30
GENSYM CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)
Common Stock
-------------------
Capital in Cumulative Total Compre-
Number $0.01 Excess of Treasury Accumulated Translation Stockholders' hensive
of Shares Par Value Par Value Stock (Deficit) Adjustment Equity (Deficit) loss
--------- --------- ---------- -------- ----------- ----------- ---------------- --------
(In thousands except share data)
BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 1998......... 6,557,268 $65 $20,427 $(1,278) $ (1,101) $ (630) $ 17,483
Exercise of stock options.......... 24,156 -- 74 -- -- -- 74
Issuance of common stock under
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
(ESPP)............................ 163,141 2 422 -- -- -- 424
Treasury Stock--156,100 shares..... -- -- -- (591) -- -- (591)
Translation adjustment............. -- -- -- -- -- (516) (516) (516)
Net loss........................... -- -- -- -- (1,952) -- (1,952) (1,952)
--------
Comprehensive net loss for the
year ended December 31, 1999...... $ (2,468)
--------- --- ------- ------- -------- ------- -------- ========
BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 1999......... 6,744,565 67 20,923 (1,869) (3,053) (1,146) 14,922
Exercise of stock options.......... 93,744 1 389 -- -- -- 390
Issuance of common stock under
ESPP.............................. 129,961 2 308 -- -- -- 310
Translation adjustment............. -- -- -- -- -- (394) (394) (394)
Net loss........................... -- -- -- -- (12,816) -- (12,816) (12,816)
--------
Comprehensive net loss for the year
ended December 31, 2000........... $(13,210)
--------- --- ------- ------- -------- ------- -------- ========
BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 2000......... 6,968,270 70 21,620 (1,869) (15,869) (1,540) 2,412
Issuance of common stock under
ESPP.............................. 165,977 1 85 -- -- -- 86
Translation adjustment............. -- -- -- -- -- 815 815 815
Net loss........................... -- -- -- -- (3,749) -- (3,749) (3,749)
--------
Comprehensive net loss for the year
ended December 31, 2001........... $ (2,934)
--------- --- ------- ------- -------- ------- -------- ========
BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 2001......... 7,134,247 $71 $21,705 $(1,869) $(19,618) $ (725) $ (436)
========= === ======= ======= ======== ======= ========
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial
statements
31
GENSYM CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
Year ended December 31,
--------------------------
2001 2000 1999
------- -------- -------
(In thousands)
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net loss....................................................................... $(3,749) $(12,816) $(1,952)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization............................................... 726 911 1,123
Loss on disposal of equipment............................................... 58 -- --
Non-cash portion of restructuring charge.................................... 657 -- --
Gain on sale of NetCure product............................................. (2,000) -- --
Deferred taxes.............................................................. -- 1,873 287
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable....................................................... 3,404 780 (2,055)
Prepaid expenses.......................................................... 788 1,177 (720)
Accounts payable.......................................................... (557) 670 (112)
Accrued expenses.......................................................... (2,481) 727 982
Deferred revenue.......................................................... 335 (420) 527
------- -------- -------
Net cash used in operating activities..................................... (2,819) (7,098) (1,920)
------- -------- -------
CASH FLOW FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Sales (purchases) of short-term investments.................................... 698 5,277 (5,137)
Proceeds from sale of NetCure product, net of transaction costs................ 2,000 -- --
Purchases of property and equipment............................................ (693) (1,156) (436)
Decrease (increase) in other assets............................................ 171 (523) 38
------- -------- -------
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities....................... 2,176 3,598 (5,535)
------- -------- -------
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Purchase of treasury stock................................................... -- -- (591)
Borrowings under bank financing agreements and bridge loans.................. 2,367 -- --
Repayments of bank financing agreements and bridge loans..................... (2,367) -- --
Principal payments on capitalized lease obligations.......................... (95) -- --
Proceeds from exercise of stock options and issuance of common stock under
stock plans................................................................. 86 700 498
------- -------- -------
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities....................... (9) 700 (93)
------- -------- -------
EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES ON CASH.......................................... (38) (253) (437)
------- -------- -------
NET DECREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS........................................ (690) (3,053) (7,985)
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, BEGINNING OF PERIOD................................... 2,657 5,710 13,695
------- -------- -------
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, END OF PERIOD......................................... $ 1,967 $ 2,657 $ 5,710
======= ======== =======
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION:
Cash paid during the period for--
Income taxes.............................................................. $ 33 $ 214 $ 221
======= ======== =======
Interest.................................................................. $ 39 $ 7 $ 15
======= ======== =======
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF NON-CASH INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Acquisition of equipment under capital lease obligations..................... $ 164 -- $ --
======= ======== =======
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial
statements.
32
GENSYM CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(1) OPERATIONS AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The Company is a supplier of software products and services for developing
and deploying intelligent systems that manage and improve complex, dynamic
operations for a broad range of industrial, scientific, commercial, and
government applications.
The Company has incurred operating losses for each of the three years in the
period ended December 31, 2001. Management's plan to continue as a going
concern relies heavily on achieving profitability in 2002 and beyond. This
return to profitability is based on expense control, cost reductions completed
in 2001 and maintaining revenues from existing products. The Company believes
that its current cash and cash equivalents and cash flows from operations will
be sufficient to meet its business requirements at least through December 31,
2002. However, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to meet
its revenue expectations and therefore generate the necessary profitability and
cash flows to continue as an independent concern.
The accompanying consolidated financial statements reflect the application
of certain significant accounting policies, as described in this note and
elsewhere in the accompanying consolidated financial statements and notes.
(a) Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of
the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All material intercompany
transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
(b) Cash Equivalents and Investments
The Company accounts for investments under Statement of Financial Accounting
Standards (SFAS) No. 115, Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity
Securities. For the period ended December 31, 2001, substantially all of the
Company's cash was held in demand deposit accounts. To the extent the Company
has investments they are classified as held-to-maturity and are recorded at
amortized cost. Cash equivalents are short-term, highly liquid investments with
original maturity dates of less than three months. Short-term investments held
as of December 31, 2000 consist of corporate bonds with original maturity dates
greater than 90 days that mature within one year.
December 31, 2001 December 31, 2000
(In thousands) ----------------- -----------------
Total Total Total Total
Contracted Market Amortized Market Amortized
Description Maturity Value Cost Value Cost
- ----------- ----------- ------ --------- ------ ---------
Cash and Cash Equivalents:
Cash and cash equivalents.......... N/A $1,967 $1,967 $2,554 $2,554
Money market funds................. 0-3 months -- -- 103 103
------ ------ ------ ------
Total cash and cash equivalents. 1,967 1,967 2,657 2,657
Short-Term Investments:
Corporate bonds.................... 4-12 months -- -- 701 698
------ ------ ------ ------
$1,967 $1,967 $3,358 $3,355
====== ====== ====== ======
33
GENSYM CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
(c) Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
The Company must make estimates of the uncollectability of its accounts
receivables. Management specifically analyzes accounts receivable and analyzes
historical bad debts, customer concentrations, customer credit-worthiness,
current economic trends and changes in customer payment terms when evaluating
the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts. The accounts receivable
balance was $5.5 million, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $334,000 as
of December 31, 2001. Uncertainties affecting the Company's estimates include
future industry and economic trends and the related impact of the financial
condition of its customers, as well as the ability of customers to generate
cash flows sufficient to pay amounts due. If circumstances change, such as
higher than expected defaults or an unexpected material adverse change in a
customer's ability to meet its financial obligations, the Company's estimates
of the recoverability of amounts due could be reduced by a material amount.
(d) Depreciation and Amortization
The Company provides for depreciation using the straight-line method over
the estimated useful lives of the assets. The estimated useful lives by asset
class are as follows:
Asset Classification Estimated Useful Lives
-------------------- ----------------------
Computer equipment and software 3 Years
Furniture and fixtures......... 5 Years
Leasehold improvements......... Shorter of lease term or useful life
(e) Revenue Recognition
The Company recognizes revenue from product sales upon product shipment
provided that there are no uncertainties regarding acceptance, there is
persuasive evidence of an arrangement, the sales price is fixed or determinable
and collection of the related accounts receivable is probable. If there are
uncertainties regarding customer acceptance, revenue is deferred until the
uncertainties are resolved. The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with
the provisions of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants
(AICPA) Statement of Position (SOP) 97-2, Software Revenue Recognition. For
arrangements that include the delivery of multiple elements, revenue is
allocated to the various elements based on vendor specific objective evidence
of fair value (VSOE). The Company establishes VSOE based on either the price
charged for the element when sold separately or for elements not yet sold
separately, the price established by management with the relevant authority to
do so. VSOE for software maintenance represents a consistent percentage of the
license fees charged to customers or maintenance renewals. VSOE for consulting
and training services represents standard rates, which the Company charges its
customers when it sells these services separately. In accordance with SOP 98-9,
Modification of SOP 97-2, Software Revenue Recognition, With Respect to Certain
Transactions, the Company uses the residual method when fair value does not
exist for one of the delivered elements in the arrangements. Under the residual
method, the fair value of the undelivered element is deferred and recognized
when delivered. The Company has established VSOE for consulting, training and
software maintenance services. Accordingly, software license revenue is
recognized under the residual method in arrangements in which software is
licensed with consulting, training or software maintenance.
Revenues from the sale of multicopy licenses are recognized upon the
shipment of the product master or the first copy of the software product if the
product master is not to be delivered. Under these arrangements, duplication is
incidental to the arrangement and, if material, duplication costs are accrued
when the revenue is recognized. Revenues from multiple single licenses are
recognized as copies are delivered to the customer or copies are sold by the
customer.
34
GENSYM CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
Revenues from the sales to resellers are recognized upon the delivery of the
software, provided all other revenue recognition criteria, specified above,
have been satisfied. The Company does not grant rights of return to any
customers, including resellers.
Software maintenance fees are recognized as revenue ratably over the life of
the software maintenance contract period. Software maintenance arrangements
include unspecified rights to software updates. These services are typically
sold for a one-year term and are sold either as part of a multiple-element
arrangement with software licenses or are sold separately at the time of
renewal.
Revenues derived from consulting and training are recognized upon
performance of the services provided that the amounts due from customers are
fixed or determinable and deemed collectible by management. Deferred revenue
primarily represents advance billings for software services, which include
software maintenance, consulting, training and license prepayment fees.
(f) Research and Development and Software Development Costs
In accordance with SFAS No. 86, Accounting for the Costs of Computer
Software to Be Sold, Leased, or Otherwise Marketed, the Company has evaluated
the establishment of technological feasibility of its various products during
the development phase. Due to the dynamic changes in the market, the Company
has concluded that technological feasibility is not established until the
development phase of the project is nearly complete. The Company defines
technological feasibility as the completion of a working model. The time period
during which costs could be capitalized from the point of reaching
technological feasibility until the time of general product release is very
short and, consequently, the amounts that could be capitalized are not material
to the Company's financial position or results of operations. Therefore, the
Company charges all research and development expenses to operations in the
period incurred.
(g) Foreign Currency Translation
Assets and liabilities of the foreign subsidiaries are translated in
accordance with SFAS No. 52, Foreign Currency Translation. In accordance with
SFAS No. 52, assets and liabilities of the Company's foreign operations are
translated into U.S. dollars at current exchange rates, and income and expense
items are translated at average rates of exchange prevailing during the year.
Gains and losses arising from translation are accumulated as a separate
component of stockholders' equity. Gains and losses arising from transactions
denominated in foreign currencies are included in other income and were not
material for the periods presented.
(h) Retirement Plan
Effective January 1997, the Company amended the Gensym Corporation 401(k)
Plan (the "Plan") to allow for employer matching contributions. The Company has
elected to contribute an amount equal to 50% of the first 4%, and 25% of the
next 4% of an employee's compensation (as defined) contributed to the Plan as
an elective deferral. The Company's contributions to the Plan were $197,000 in
2001, $267,000 in 2000, and $262,000 in 1999.
(i) Concentration of Credit Risk
Generally accepted accounting principles require disclosure of any
significant off-balance-sheet risk or credit risk concentrations. Financial
instruments, which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit
risk, are principally cash, cash equivalents, investments and accounts
receivable. The Company places its cash, cash equivalents and investments in
highly rated institutions. For the fiscal years ended December 31, 2001 and
2000, no single customer accounted for more than 10% of the Company's total
revenue. One customer
35
GENSYM CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
accounted for 12% of the total revenue in 1999. One customer accounted for 17%
of total accounts receivable at December 31, 2001. No single customer accounted
for greater than 10% of accounts receivable at December 31, 2000. The Company
has no significant off-balance-sheet risk such as foreign exchange contracts,
options contracts, or other foreign hedging arrangements.
(j) Comprehensive Loss
In June 1997, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued SFAS
No. 130, Reporting Comprehensive Income. SFAS No. 130 requires disclosure of
all components of comprehensive income on an annual and interim basis.
Comprehensive income is defined as the change in equity of a business
enterprise during a period from transactions, other events and circumstances
from nonowner sources. Comprehensive loss is disclosed in the accompanying
consolidated statements of stockholder's equity (deficit).
The components of comprehensive loss are as follows:
2001 2000 1999
------- -------- -------
(In thousands)
Net loss........................................................... $(3,749) $(12,816) $(1,952)
Other comprehensive loss:
Foreign currency translation adjustment......................... 220 (394) (516)
Less: reclassification adjustment for translation adjustment losses
included in net loss............................................. 595 -- --
------- -------- -------
$(2,934) $(13,210) $(2,468)
======= ======== =======
(k) Loss per Share
In accordance with SFAS No. 128, Earnings per Share, basic loss per share
was computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common
shares outstanding during the periods. Diluted loss per share is the same as
basic loss per share due to the net loss recorded in all years presented. For
the years ended December 31, 2001, 2000, and 1999, the computation for diluted
loss per share excludes the effect of 1,386,680 shares, 1,705,412 shares, and
1,169,294 shares, respectively, issuable from assumed exercise of options, as
their effect would be antidilutive.
(l) Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and
assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and
disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial
statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the
reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
(m) New Accounting Pronouncements
In January 2001, the Company adopted SFAS No. 133, Accounting for Derivative
Instruments and Hedging Activities, as amended by SFAS Nos. 137 and 138. This
statement establishes accounting and reporting standards for derivative
instruments, including derivative instruments embedded in other contracts, and
for hedging activities. Adoption of SFAS No. 133 did not have a material impact
on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
In June 2001, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141, Business Combinations. SFAS No.
141 requires all business combinations initiated after June 30, 2001 to be
accounted for using the purchase method. Adoption of this statement did not
have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
36
GENSYM CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
In June 2001, the FASB issued SFAS No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible
Assets. With the adoption of SFAS No. 142, goodwill is no longer subject to
amortization over its estimated useful life, but instead goodwill is subject to
at least an annual assessment for impairment by applying a fair-value-based
test. The Company does not expect that the adoption of this statement will have
a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
In June 2001, the FASB issued SFAS No. 143, Accounting for Asset Retirement
Obligations. This statement addresses financial accounting and reporting for
obligations associated with the retirement of tangible long-lived assets and
the associated asset retirement costs. This Statement applies to all entities.
It applies to legal obligations associated with the retirement of long-lived
assets that result from the acquisition, construction, development and (or) the
normal operation of a long-lived asset, except for certain obligations of
lessees. This Statement is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal
years beginning after June 15, 2002. The Company does not expect that the
adoption of this statement will have a material impact on its consolidated
financial statements.
In August 2001, the FASB issued SFAS No. 144, Accounting for the Impairment
or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets. This statement supersedes SFAS No. 121,
Accounting for the Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and for Long-Lived Assets to
Be Disposed Of, and the accounting and reporting provisions of Accounting
Principles Board (APB) Opinion No. 30, Reporting the Results of Operations -
Reporting the Effects of Disposal of a Segment of a Business, and
Extraordinary, Unusual and Infrequently Occurring Events and Transactions.
Under this statement it is required that one accounting model be used for
long-lived assets to be disposed of by sale, whether previously held and used
or newly acquired, and it broadens the presentation of discontinued operations
to include more disposal transactions. The provisions of this statement are
effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after
December 15, 2001, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early
adoption permitted. The Company does not expect that the adoption of this
statement will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
(2) FINANCING AGREEMENTS
On March 28, 2001, the Company entered into an account receivable purchase
agreement with a bank. This facility provides the Company the ability to borrow
up to 80% of the Company's qualified and eligible gross domestic accounts
receivable up to a maximum of $2.5 million. Borrowings under this agreement
will be at an interest rate of 2% per month of the average gross daily purchase
account balance, plus an administration fee of 1% of gross purchased account
receivables. On August 16, 2001, the Company signed a renegotiated agreement
with the bank that does not include restrictive financial covenants. The total
available borrowings, interest rate and administrative fee under the
renegotiated facility remain unchanged. At December 31, 2001, the Company had
no borrowings outstanding under this facility. Amounts under this facility are
secured by substantially all of the corporate assets of Gensym Corporation.
This facility may be terminated by either party, at any time.
In September 2001, the Company obtained bridge loans of approximately $1.0
million to meet cash needs from a group of investors consisting of a Gensym
business partner and eight individuals, including a Gensym founder and all of
the members of the board of directors. On November 9, 2001, the principal and
accrued interest totaling $1,046,000 on the loans were repaid from the net
proceeds related to the sale of the NetCure product line.
37
GENSYM CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
(3) STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)
(a) Common Stock
The Company's authorized capitalization consists of 20,000,000 shares of
Common Stock and 2,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock.
(b) Stock Option Plans
The following table shows the Company's stock option plans, the number of
shares reserved for issuance by the Company's Board of Directors, and the
number of shares available for future issuance as of December 31, 2001:
Number of Shares
Available for Future
Number of Shares Issuance as of
Plan Name Reserved for Issuance December 31, 2001
--------- --------------------- --------------------
1987 Stock Plan.................. 600,000 --
1994 Stock Option Plan........... 534,850 24,520
1995 Director Stock Option Plan.. 100,000 18,000
1995 Employee Stock Purchase Plan 1,000,000 249,422
1997 Stock Incentive Plan........ 500,000 168,032
2000 Stock Incentive Plan........ 800,000 289,999
--------- -------
3,534,850 749,973
========= =======
The 1987 Stock Plan provided for the grant of incentive stock options,
nonqualified stock options, stock awards, and direct sales of stock. The Board
of Directors has resolved not to grant any more options under the 1987 Stock
Plan. The 1994 Stock Option Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock
options and nonqualified stock options. The 1997 Stock Incentive Plan provides
for the grant of incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options,
restricted stock and other stock-based awards. The 2000 Stock Incentive Plan,
approved by the stockholders in June 2000, provides for the grant of incentive
stock options, nonqualified stock options, restricted stock and other
stock-based awards. Under these plans, incentive stock options may be granted
at an exercise price not less than the fair market value of the Company's
Common Stock on the date of grant or, in the case of 10% stockholders, not less
than 110% of the fair market value. Nonqualified options may be granted by the
Board of Directors at its discretion. The difference, if any, between the
exercise price and the fair value of the underlying Common Stock at the
measurement date is charged to operations over the vesting period of such
options. The terms of exercise of options granted under these plans are
determined by the Board of Directors. Incentive stock options expire no later
than 10 years after the date of grant.
The 1995 Director Stock Option Plan (the "Director Plan") was approved by
the stockholders in January 1996 and was amended in May 1997. The Director Plan
provides for the grant of options to purchase Common Stock of the Company to
non-employee directors of the Company. On June 30 of each year, each
non-employee director is granted an option to purchase 10,000 shares of common
stock at an exercise price equal to the then current fair market value. These
options vest in equal portions over a five-year period and expire 10 years from
the date of grant.
During 1999, in conjunction with the hiring of the chief executive officer,
the Company granted options to purchase 361,111 shares at an exercise price of
$3.25, outside of any existing stock option plans. During 2000, in conjunction
with the hiring of the vice president marketing and the hiring of the vice
president finance & administration and CFO, the company granted options to
purchase 10,000 and 34,845 shares, respectively, at an
38
GENSYM CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
exercise price of $5.44, outside of any existing option plans. These stock
options were issued at the fair market value on the date of grant. During 2001,
both the chief executive officer and the vice president marketing left the
Company which resulted in the cancellation of 371,111 options issued outside of
existing option plans.
The following table summarizes the stock option activity for each the three
years in the period ended December 31, 2001:
Number of Exercise Price Weighted Average
Shares per Share Exercise Price
---------- -------------- ----------------
Outstanding at December 31, 1998.... 729,639 $3.00-$10.00 $4.44
Granted.......................... 656,320 2.75-5.25 3.45
Exercised........................ (24,156) 3.00-3.88 3.13
Canceled......................... (192,509) 3.00-7.50 4.35
---------- ------------ -----
Outstanding at December 31, 1999.... 1,169,294 2.75-$10.00 3.92
Granted.......................... 773,600 0.72-9.31 3.53
Exercised........................ (93,744) 2.81-7.50 4.11
Canceled......................... (143,738) 2.75-9.31 4.78
---------- ------------ -----
Outstanding at December 31, 2000.... 1,705,412 0.72-$10.00 3.66
Granted.......................... 993,117 0.27-1.78 0.52
Canceled......................... (1,311,849) 0.27-9.31 3.13
---------- ------------ -----
Outstanding at December 31, 2001. 1,386,680 $0.27-$10.00 $1.91
========== ============ =====
Exercisable at December 31, 2001.... 534,811 $0.37-$10.00 $3.21
========== ============ =====
Exercisable at December 31, 2000.... 605,177 $2.75-$10.00 $4.17
========== ============ =====
Exercisable at December 31, 1999.... 340,741 $3.00-$10.00 $4.53
========== ============ =====
The range of exercise prices for options outstanding and options exercisable
at December 31, 2001 is as follows:
Options Outstanding Options Exercisable
--------------------------------- ----------------------------
Weighted Average
Options Remaining Weighted Average Options Weighted Average
Range of Exercise Prices Outstanding Contractual Life Exercise Price Exercisable Exercise Price
- ------------------------ ----------- ---------------- ---------------- ----------- ----------------
$0.27 - 0.27....... 235,000 9.76 $0.27 -- --
$0.30 - 0.31....... 50,000 9.68 0.30 -- --
$0.37 - 0.37....... 275,000 9.59 0.37 83,334 $0.37
$0.40 - 0.40....... 10,000 9.65 0.40 -- --
$0.60 - 0.60....... 139,000 9.95 0.60 -- --
$0.65 - 0.97....... 190,850 9.23 0.85 92,318 0.92
$1.06 - 3.81....... 139,819 8.37 3.23 115,661 3.35
$3.84 - 4.44....... 139,544 7.37 3.93 116,289 3.93
$4.50 - 5.44....... 145,033 7.13 5.10 78,234 4.83
$6.00 - 10.00...... 62,434 5.88 7.72 48,975 7.76
--------- ---- ----- ------- -----
1,386,680 8.84 $1.91 534,811 $3.21
========= ==== ===== ======= =====
39
GENSYM CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
The Company's 1995 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the "Purchase Plan") was
adopted by the Board of Directors in November 1995 and approved by the
stockholders in January 1996. The Purchase Plan authorizes the sale of common
stock to participating employees. In January 1998, the Board of Directors
amended the Purchase Plan to increase the number of shares of Common Stock
reserved for issuance under the Plan from 200,000 to 500,000. In June 2000, the
Board of Directors amended the Purchase Plan to increase the number of shares
of Common Stock reserved for issuance under the Plan from 500,000 to 700,000.
In May 2001, the shareholders approved an amendment the Purchase Plan to
increase the number of shares of Common Stock reserved for issuance under the
Plan from 700,000 to 1,000,000.
All employees of the Company meeting certain eligibility requirements are
eligible to participate in the Purchase Plan. An employee may elect to have a
whole number percentage from 1% to 10% of his or her base pay withheld during
the payroll deduction period "Offering Period" for purposes of purchasing
shares under the Purchase Plan. The price at which shares may be purchased
during each offering will be 85% of the fair market value per share of the
Common Stock on either the first day or the last day of the Offering Period,
whichever is lower.The compensation committee of the Board of Directors may, at
its discretion, choose an Offering Period of 12 months or less for each of the
offerings and choose a different Offering Period for each offering. Under the
Purchase Plan, the Company has sold 750,578 shares as of December 31, 2001.
(c) Stock-Based Compensation
SFAS No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation, requires the
measurement of the fair value of stock options to be included in the statement
of income of disclosed in the notes to financial statements. The Company has
determined that it will continue to account for stock-based compensation for
employees under APB Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees,
and elect the disclosure-only alternative under SFAS No. 123.
The Company has computed the pro forma disclosure required under SFAS No.
123 for all stock compensation plans during the three years ended December 31,
2001, using the Black-Scholes option pricing model under the fair value method
prescribed by SFAS No. 123. The assumptions used are as follows:
2001 2000 1999
---------- --------- ----------
Risk-free interest rate....................... 4.15-5.41% 5.24-6.6% 4.80-6.38%
Expected dividend yield....................... 0 0 0
Expected lives of option grants............... 7.0 Years 7.0 Years 7.0 Years
Expected volatility........................... 231% 160% 90%
Weighted average fair value of options granted $0.52 $3.53 $2.85
For the purposes of pro forma disclosure, the estimated fair value of
options is amortized to expense over the vesting period. Had compensation costs
for options and Purchase Plan shares been determined based on the fair value at
the grant dates as prescribed by SFAS No. 123, the effect would have been as
follows:
2001 2000 1999
------- -------- -------
(In thousands,
except per share amounts)
Net loss as reported.................................. $(3,749) $(12,816) $(1,952)
Pro forma net loss as adjusted........................ (4,135) (14,316) (2,883)
Basic and diluted loss per share as reported.......... ($0.57) ($2.01) ($0.32)
Pro forma basic and diluted loss per share as adjusted ($0.82) ($2.52) ($0.53)
40
GENSYM CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
(d) Stock Repurchase Program
In the third quarter of 1998, the Company began a program to repurchase up
to 650,000 shares of its Common Stock on the open market. No shares were
purchased in 2001. As of December 31, 2001, 501,300 shares had been repurchased
at a cost of approximately $1,869,000.
(4) INCOME TAXES
As part of the process of preparing the consolidated financial statements,
the Company is required to estimate its income taxes in each of the
jurisdictions in which it operates. This process involves estimating its
current tax liabilities together with assessing temporary differences resulting
from differing treatment of items, such as deferred revenue, for tax and
accounting purposes. These differences result in deferred tax assets and
liabilities, which are included within the consolidated balance sheet. Tax
assets also result from net operating losses, research and development tax
credits and foreign tax credits. The Company then assesses the likelihood that
its deferred tax assets will be recovered from future taxable income and to the
extent that recovery is not likely, the Company establishes a valuation
allowance. To the extent a valuation allowance is established or increased in a
period, the impact will be included in the tax provision in the statement of
operations.
Loss before provision for income taxes consists of the following (in
thousands):
Years ended December 31,
-----------------------
2001 2000 1999
- ------ ------- ------
Domestic. (2,660) (11,051) (2,753)
Foreign.. (803) 506 1,137
------ ------- ------
Total. (3,463) (10,545) (1,616)
====== ======= ======
The components of the provision for income taxes for each of the three years
in the period ended December 31, 2001 are as follows:
2001 2000 1999
----- ------- -------
(In thousands)
Federal
Current................... $ -- $ (7) $ --
Deferred.................. (929) (4,159) (1,680)
----- ------- -------
(929) (4,166) (1,680)
----- ------- -------
State
Current................... 15 17 6
Deferred.................. 79 (66) (36)
----- ------- -------
94 (49) (30)
----- ------- -------
Foreign
Withholding............... 108 77 133
Income.................... 163 311 203
----- ------- -------
271 388 336
----- ------- -------
Change in Valuation Allowance 850 6,098 1,710
----- ------- -------
$ 286 $ 2,271 $ 336
===== ======= =======
41
GENSYM CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
Foreign withholding taxes represent amounts withheld by foreign customers
and remitted to the applicable foreign tax authorities in connection with
foreign revenues. Foreign income taxes represent corporate income taxes
relating to the operations of the Company's foreign subsidiaries.
The components of the net deferred tax asset recognized in the accompanying
consolidated balance sheets with the approximate income tax effect of each type
of temporary difference are as follows:
2001 2000
-------- --------
(In thousands)
Net operating loss carryforward................. $ 8,076 $ 6,607
Research and development tax credit carryforward 1,561 1,561
Depreciation.................................... 218 199
Deferred revenue................................ 360 312
Other temporary differences..................... 817 1,503
-------- --------
11,032 10,182
Valuation allowance............................. (11,032) (10,182)
-------- --------
Net deferred tax asset.......................... $ -- $ --
======== ========
The net operating loss carryforwards expire on various dates through 2021
and are subject to review and possible adjustment by the Internal Revenue
Service.
The Internal Revenue Code contains provisions that may limit the net
operating loss and credit carryforwards that the Company may utilize in any one
year in the event of certain cumulative changes in ownership over a three year
period. In the event that the Company has had a change in ownership, as
defined, utilization of the carryforwards may be restricted.
The Company has established a valuation allowance against its deferred tax
asset to the extent that it cannot conclusively demonstrate that these assets
"more likely than not" will be realized. Under SFAS No. 109, Accounting for
Income Taxes, a deferred tax asset for the future benefit of a tax loss
carryforward should be recorded unless a company makes a determination that it
is "more likely than not" that such deferred tax asset will not be realized.
Accordingly, a valuation allowance would be provided against the deferred tax
asset to the extent that the Company cannot demonstrate that it is "more likely
than not" that the deferred tax asset will be realized.
In determining the amount of valuation allowance required, the Company
considers numerous factors, including historical profitability, estimated
future taxable income, the volatility of the historical earnings, and the
volatility of earnings of the industry in which it operates. The Company
periodically reviews its deferred tax asset to determine if such asset is
realizable. In 2000, the Company concluded, in accordance with SFAS No. 109,
that the Company should not recognize the value of its deferred tax asset under
the "more likely than not" test and therefore increased the amount of its
valuation allowance to equal the entire deferred tax asset. This increase in
the valuation allowance resulted in a charge to the provision for income taxes
of $1,873,000 in the year ended December 31, 2000. The primary factors
considered in evaluating the realizability of the deferred tax asset and the
level of valuation allowance were the volatility of the historical earnings and
the operating losses.
42
GENSYM CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
The provision for income taxes differs from the amount computed by applying
the statutory federal income tax rate as follows:
2001 2000 1999
------ ------ ------
Provision at federal statutory rate...... (34.0)% (34.0)% (34.0)%
State income tax, net of federal benefits 1.8 (0.3) (1.2)
Foreign income and withholding taxes..... 12.1 1.8 (24.0)
Change in valuation allowance............ 24.5 57.8 105.8
Utilization of tax credits............... -- -- (17.8)
Other, net............................... 3.9 (3.8) (8.0)
------ ------ ------
8.3 % 21.5 % 20.8 %
====== ====== ======
(5) COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
The Company leases its facilities and certain equipment under operating and
capital leases. The future minimum annual payments under these leases at
December 31, 2001 are as follows:
Amounts
(In thousands)
-----------------
For the
Year Ended Operating Capital
December 31, Leases Leases
------------ --------- -------
2002.................................................. $1,452 $48
2003.................................................. 1,220 27
2004.................................................. 1,043 2
2005.................................................. 954 --
2006.................................................. 302 --
Thereafter............................................ 203 --
------
Total minimum lease payments.......................... $5,174 77
====== ---
Less: Amount representing interest.................... 8
---
Present value of minimum lease payments........... 69
Less: Current portion................................. 42
---
Long-term portion of capital lease obligation..... $27
===
Rent, office lease and equipment lease expense under the above leases, net
of rental income from sub-leases, was approximately $1,798,000 in 2001,
$3,114,000 in 2000, $3,159,000 in 1999.
On August 14, 2001, the Company was served with a complaint in the matter of
Rocket Software, Inc. v. Gensym Corporation, filed in Massachusetts Superior
Court, Middlesex County. The complaint alleged that the Company breached a
contract with Rocket Software, pursuant to which Rocket Software loaned
$300,000 to the Company, by failing to repay Rocket Software the $300,000 plus
interest when demanded. The complaint sought damages resulting from the alleged
breach of contract and costs. The Company reached a settlement of this matter
with Rocket Software, and executed a Settlement Agreement and Release, dated
September 24, 2001 resulting in the repayment of the owed amount and interest.
The matter is now concluded.
On November 13, 2001, the Company and its directors were served with a
complaint filed by one of its stockholders. The lawsuit asserted claims for,
among other things, alleged breach of fiduciary duty and waste of
43
GENSYM CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
corporate assets in connection with the Company's rejection of a merger
proposal, the adoption of its proposed rights offering, and the execution of a
letter of intent relating to the sale of its NetCure product line. The
complaint sought injunctive relief with respect to the merger proposal, the
proposed rights offering and the sale of the NetCure product line. On November
16, 2001, the Company and its directors were served with an amended and
supplemental complaint further asserting that its directors breached fiduciary
duties by consummating the sale of the NetCure product line and allegedly
refusing to negotiate in connection with the merger proposal. The amended
complaint also added the party that had proposed the merger as a defendant and
asserted a claim against such party for aiding and abetting the alleged
breaches of fiduciary duties. The amended complaint sought injunctive relief
with respect to the merger proposal, rescission of the NetCure sale, and
compensatory and/or rescissionary monetary damages. On November 26, 2001, the
court conducted a telephonic hearing on the plaintiff's motion for expedited
proceedings, and denied the motion at the conclusion of that hearing. On
November 27, 2001, the Company was advised by plaintiffs' counsel that, in
light of the court's decision on the motion to expedite proceedings, the
plaintiffs intended to file a further amended complaint. To date, the Company
has not been served with a further amended complaint. The Company believes that
it has meritorious defenses to all claims and intends to vigorously defend its
position. It is not possible to predict the outcome of the complaint. In the
opinion of management, the resolution of this matter will not have a material
adverse effect on the Company's financial condition.
The Company is involved in various other lawsuits, claims and inquiries,
most of which are routine to the nature of our business. In the opinion of
management, the resolution of these matters will not have a material adverse
effect on the Company's financial condition
(6) RESTRUCTURING CHARGE
a. Restructuring charge in the quarter ended March 31, 2001
In January 2001, the Company's management undertook a restructuring plan to
reduce operating costs. The restructuring plan consisted of reductions in
employee headcount, totaling 45 employees, or approximately 12% of the
Company's workforce, from all operating groups and from all geographical areas.
The $601,000 restructuring charge included on the accompanying condensed
consolidated income statement of operations consists entirely of severance
related costs. Approximately $533,000 was paid out against the restructuring
charge in the year ended December 31, 2001. The remaining accrual of $68,000
was credited to restructuring in the quarter ended September 30, 2001 due to a
change in estimate.
b. Restructuring charge in the quarter ended June 30, 2001
During the quarter ended June 30, 2001, the Company's management undertook a
restructuring plan to reduce operating costs. The restructuring charge totaled
$1,131,000 and was comprised of three items: 1) employee severance costs of
approximately $474,000, 2) a write-off of the cumulative translation adjustment
of $595,000 associated with the specific countries where foreign sales offices
were closed and the Company decided to liquidate the related subsidiaries, and
3) the write-off of assets specific to the closing of the offices of
approximately $62,000.
The $474,000 employee severance portion of the restructuring charge related
entirely to the involuntary severance of 13 employees from all operating groups
in the U.S. geographic area. Approximately $470,000 was paid in the year ended
December 31, 2001, and the remaining $4,000 is expected to be paid by January
31, 2002.
c. Restructuring charge in the quarter ended September 30, 2001
In July and August 2001, the Company's management undertook separate and
distinct restructuring plans to reduce operating costs. The restructuring plans
consist of reductions in employee headcount, totaling
44
GENSYM CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
12 employees in July and 50 employees in August. The employees severed in July
were from all operating groups and from the U.S. geographic area. The employees
severed in August were from all groups and from all geographic areas. The
Company recorded restructuring charges of approximately $125,000 and $770,000
during the quarter ended September 30, 2001 related to the July 2001 and August
2001 reductions in headcount, respectively. Approximately $125,000 was paid in
the year ended December 31, 2001 related to the July severance. Approximately
$535,000 was paid in the year ended December 31, 2001 related to the August
severance, and the remaining $235,000 is expected to be paid by September 30,
2002.
(7) SALE OF A PRODUCT LINE
On November 9, 2001, the Company completed the sale of its NetCure product
line for proceeds of $2.5 million. A gain of $2.0 million is included in other
income in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations, and represents
the gross proceeds received, less transaction costs of approximately $500,000.
(8) ACCRUED EXPENSES
Accrued expenses consist of the following at December 31, 2001 and 2000:
2001 2000
------ ------
(In thousands)
Accrued payroll and related expenses $ 721 $1,651
Accrued commissions................. 319 467
Accrued bonuses..................... 117 246
Accrued professional fees........... 530 481
Accrued taxes....................... 383 568
Accrued sales office closing........ 51 522
Accrued royalties................... 92 --
Other accrued expenses.............. 741 1,606
------ ------
$2,954 $5,541
====== ======
In December 2000, there was a major emphasis on reducing the Company's
worldwide sales infrastructure. At the time, management made the decision to
close 11 sales offices, as some were not being fully utilized, due to staff
cuts, and others had cost structures that could not be supported by the revenue
generated by the office. The Company recorded $522,000 as a liability in
December 2000 associated with the closing of 11 sales offices. The cost of
closing each office was determined by adding the remaining lease obligation as
of the estimated closing dates and administrative costs associated with the
closing of each office and then subtracting an estimated sub-let revenue value.
As of December 31, 2001, approximately $471,000 has been paid out against the
accrual and there is $51,000 remaining in an accrued expense which is expected
to be paid out by June 30, 2002.
45
GENSYM CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
(9) FINANCIAL INFORMATION BY GEOGRAPHIC AREA
Domestic and international sales as a percentage of total revenues are as
follows:
2001 2000 1999
---- ---- ----
United States. 56% 56% 54%
United Kingdom 11 8 7
Rest of Europe 18 24 24
Other......... 15 12 15
--- --- ---
100% 100% 100%
=== === ===
Domestic and international long-lived assets, net of depreciation and
amortization, are as follows:
2001 2000
------ ------
United States $1,662 $1,755
Europe....... 368 347
Other........ -- 25
------ ------
$2,030 $2,127
====== ======
(10) SEGMENT REPORTING
On December 31, 1998, the Company adopted SFAS No. 131, Disclosure about
Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information. This pronouncement
established standards for public companies relating to the reporting of
financial and descriptive information about their operating segments in
financial statements. Operating segments are defined as components of an
enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is
evaluated regularly by management in deciding how to allocate resources and in
assessing performance of the business.
The Company viewed its business as having two main product lines: 1) the
Expert Manufacturing product line, which focused on expanding Gensym's presence
in chemical, oil and gas, pharmaceutical, and other manufacturing industries;
and 2) the Network Management product line, which focused on building Gensym's
entrance into the Business-to-Business electronic infrastructure of networks,
e-marketplace entrants, and Fortune 1000 companies. These product lines had
their own specialized sales strategies, but shared business development,
consulting, and training resources. The table below shows these business
segments through December 31, 2001. With the sale of the Company's network
management product line, NetCure, in the quarter ended December 31, 2001,
management believes that it is no longer meaningful or efficient to evaluate
and manage the business along two distinct market segments. As such, the
Company, beginning in the quarter ended March 31, 2002, will no longer report
multi-operating profitability segments.
The Company evaluated performance of its product line segments based on
revenues and segment profitability. Segment profitability is defined by the
Company as net contribution, which is computed based on gross profit less
identifiable operating costs--principally selling costs. Identifiable assets
consist primarily of: 1) accounts receivable in support of segment revenues,
and 2) prepaid expenses, property and equipment, and deposits in support of
employees dedicated to the specific segments. Unallocated corporate costs
include
46
GENSYM CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
operating expenses and assets not specifically identifiable to the Company's
operating segments. Information as to the operations of the different segments
is set forth below:
Unallocated
Expert Network Corporate
Manufacturing Management Costs/Assets Total
------------- ---------- ------------ --------
Year ended December 31, 2001
Revenues................. $ 9,593 $10,588 $ 20,181
======= ======= ========
Net contribution......... $ 4,847 $ 3,546 $(13,759) $ (5,366)
======= ======= ======== ========
Identifiable assets...... $ 3,016 $ 3,273 $ 3,643 $ 9,932
======= ======= ======== ========
Fixed asset depreciation. $ 138 $ 214 $ 374 $ 726
======= ======= ======== ========
Year ended December 31, 2000
Revenues................. $11,965 $15,610 $ 27,575
======= ======= ======== ========
Net contribution......... $ 570 $ 4,012 $(15,338) (10,756)
======= ======= ======== ========
Identifiable assets...... $ 4,454 $ 6,537 $ 4,549 $ 15,540
======= ======= ======== ========
Fixed asset depreciation. $ 206 $ 245 $ 460 $ 911
======= ======= ======== ========
Year ended December 31, 1999
Revenues................. $17,196 $19,231 $ 36,427
======= ======= ======== ========
Net contribution......... $ 4,381 $ 5,975 $(12,475) $ (2,119)
======= ======= ======== ========
Identifiable assets...... $ 6,690 $ 5,398 $ 14,846 $ 26,934
======= ======= ======== ========
Fixed asset depreciation. $ 284 $ 296 $ 543 $ 1,123
======= ======= ======== ========
(11) VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
Balance at
Beginning of Balance at
Description Period Additions Deductions End of Period
----------- ------------ --------- ---------- -------------
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts:
Year ended December 31, 2001.... $385 $149 $200 $334
==== ==== ==== ====
Year ended December 31, 2000.... $364 $134 $113 $385
==== ==== ==== ====
Year ended December 31, 1999.... $423 $305 $364 $364
==== ==== ==== ====
47
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS
To Gensym Corporation:
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Gensym
Corporation (a Delaware corporation) and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2001
and 2000, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders'
equity (deficit), and cash flows for each of the three years in the period
ended December 31, 2001. These financial statements are the responsibility of
the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these
financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally
accepted in the United States. Those standards require that we plan and perform
the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements
are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test
basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial
statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and
significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall
financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a
reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly,
in all material respects, the financial position of Gensym Corporation and
subsidiaries as of December 31, 2001 and 2000, and the results of their
operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended
December 31, 2001, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted
in the United States.
/s/ ARTHUR ANDERSEN LLP
ARTHUR ANDERSEN LLP
Boston, Massachusetts
March 25, 2002
48
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURES
None
PART III
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT
The information required by this item will be included in our definitive
Proxy Statement for our 2001 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held May 16,
2002 and is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The information required by this item will be included in our definitive
Proxy Statement for our 2002 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held May 16,
2002 and is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT
The information required by this item will be included in our definitive
Proxy Statement for our 2002 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held May 16,
2002 and is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
The information required by this item will be included in our definitive
Proxy Statement for our 2002 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held May 16,
2002 and is incorporated herein by reference.
PART IV
ITEM 14. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENTS SCHEDULES AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K
(a) (1) FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The following documents are included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form
10-K:
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2001 and 2000
Consolidated Statements of Operations for each of the three years in the
period ended December 31, 2001
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (deficit) for each of the
three years in the period ended December 31, 2001
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for each of the three years in the
period ended December 31, 2001
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Report of Independent Public Accountants
(2) FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
All schedules have been omitted since the required information is not
present or not present in amounts sufficient to require submission of the
schedule, or because the information required is included in the
consolidated financial statements or the notes thereto.
(3) EXHIBITS
The exhibits listed in the accompanying Exhibit Index are filed as part of
this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
49
(b) Reports on Form 8-K
The following reports on Form 8-K were filed during the three months ended
December 31, 2001:
On October 22, 2001, the Company filed a Current Report on Form 8-K,
dated October 16, 2001, reporting, under Items 5 and 7, that the Company
had entered into a letter agreement relating to the sale of the NetCure
product line.
On November 21, 2001, the Company filed a Current Report on Form 8-K,
dated November 9, 2001, reporting under Items 2 and 7, that the Company
had completed the sale of its NetCure product line.
On November 26, 2001 and January 8, 2002, the Company filed Amendments
No. 1 and 2, respectively, to the Current Report on Form 8-K dated
November 9, 2001.Amendments No. 1 and 2 to the Current Report on Form
8-K dated November 9, 2001 included additional disclosure required by
Item 7(b) of the Current Report.
50
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) the Securities and
Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed
on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
GENSYM CORPORATION
(Registrant)
By: /S/ LOWELL B. HAWKINSON
-------------------------------
Dated: March 25, 2002
Lowell B. Hawkinson
Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive
Officer and President
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934,
this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the
registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated:
/s/ LOWELL B. HAWKINSON Chairman of the Board, Chief March 25, 2002
- ----------------------------- Executive Officer nd
Lowell B. Hawkinson President (principal
executive officer)
/s/ THOMAS E. SWITHENBANK Principal Financial Officer
- ----------------------------- and Director (principal
Thomas E. Swithenbank financial officer and
principal accounting
officer) March 25, 2002
/s/ JOHN A. SHANE Director March 25, 2002
- -----------------------------
John A. Shane
/s/ THEODORE JOHNSON Director March 25, 2002
- -----------------------------
Theodore Johnson
/s/ BARRY R. GORSU Director March 25, 2002
- -----------------------------
Barry R. Gorsun
/s/ ROBERT A. DEGAN Director March 25, 2002
- -----------------------------
Robert A. Degan
51
EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit No. Description
3.1 Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant
(Incorporated by reference to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form
10-K filed on March 31, 1997)
3.2 Amended and Restated By-Laws of the Registrant (Incorporated by
reference to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year
ended December 31, 1996)
4.1 Specimen certificate for shares of the Registrant's Common Stock
(Incorporated by reference to the Registration Statement on Form S-1
(File No. 033-80727) of the Registrant)
10.1 1987 Stock Plan, as amended to date (Incorporated by reference to the
Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 033-80727) of the
Registrant)
10.2 1994 Stock Option Plan (Incorporated by reference to the Registration
Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 033-80727) of the Registrant)
10.3 1995 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, as amended (Incorporated by reference
to the Registrant's Proxy Statement filed on April 6, 1998)
10.4 1995 Director Stock Option Plan, as amended (Incorporated by reference
to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended
June 30, 1997)
10.5 Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of August
12, 1991, by and among the Registrant and the parties named therein
(Incorporated by reference to the Registration Statement on Form S-1
(File No. 033-80727) of the Registrant)
10.6 Lease, dated as of January 1, 1995, by and between the Registrant and
CambridgePark One Limited Partnership (Incorporated by reference to the
Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 033-80727) of the
Registrant)
10.7 First Amendment to Lease, dated as of December 2, 1996, between the
Registrant and CambridgePark One Limited Partnership (Incorporated by
reference to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year
ended December 31, 1996)
10.8 Second Amendment to Lease, dated as of January 24, 1997, between the
Registrant and CambridgePark One Limited Partnership (Incorporated by
reference to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year
ended December 31, 1996)
10.9 Third Amendment to Lease, dated as of January 24, 1997, between the
Registrant and CambridgePark One Limited Partnership (Incorporated by
reference to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year
ended December 31, 1996)
10.10 Fourth Amendment to Lease, dated as of December 4, 1998, between the
Registrant and CambridgePark One Limited Partnership (Incorporated by
reference to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year
ended December 31, 1999)
10.11# Distribution Agreement, dated as of January 1, 1995, by and among the
Registrant, Itochu Corporation and Itochu Techno-Science Corporation
(Incorporated by reference to the Registration Statement on Form S-1
(File No. 033-80727) of the Registrant)
10.12+ 1997 Stock Incentive Plan (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant's
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 1997)
10.13 Sublease Agreement, dated August 26, 1997, between the Registrant and
Spaulding & Slye Services Limited Partnership (Incorporated by reference
to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended
September 30, 1997)
10.14 Rights Agreement, dated as of April 8, 1997, between the Registrant and
State Street Bank & Trust Company, as Rights Agent (Incorporated by
reference to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April
17, 1997)
1
10.15+ Severance and Settlement Agreement and Release, dated June 24, 1999, by
and between the Registrant and Lowell B. Hawkinson (Incorporated by
reference to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year
ended December 31, 1999)
10.16+* Employment Agreement, dated August 3, 2001, by and between the
Registrant and Lowell B. Hawkinson.
10.17+ Compromise Agreement, dated February 12, 2001, by and between the
Registrant and Carl Davies (Incorporated by reference to the
Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for year ended December 31,
2000). Lease dated as of June 27, 2000 by and between the Registrant and
Rodger P. Nordbloom and Peter C. Nordbloom, as Trustees (Incorporated by
reference to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for year ended
December 31, 2000)
10.18+ 2000 Stock Incentive Plan (Incorporated by reference to the Registrants
Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed on April 24, 2000)
10.19+ Amendment No. 3 to 1995 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (Incorporated by
reference to the Registrants Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A
filed on April 24, 2000)
10.20 Accounts Receivable Financing Agreement, dated as of March 28, 2001, by
and between the Registrant and Silicon Valley Bank (Incorporated by
reference to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 12,
2001)
10.21 Accounts Receivable Purchase Agreement, dated as of August 16, 2001, by
and between the Registrant and Silicon Valley Bank (Incorporated by
reference to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the
quarter ended September 30, 2001)
10.22 Bridge Loan, Standby Purchase and Debt Reduction Agreement, dated as of
September 12, 2001, by and among the Registrant and the parties listed
therein (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant's Quarterly Report
on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2001)
10.23 Asset Purchase Agreement, dated November 9, 2001, between the Registrant
and Rocket Software, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant's
Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 21, 2001)
21* Subsidiaries of the Registrant
23* Consent of Arthur Andersen LLP
99* Letter to Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Temporary Note
3T
- --------
Notes
* Filed herewith.
# Identifies exhibit with respect to which certain portions have been granted
confidential treatment.
+ Identifies exhibits constituting management contract or compensatory plan of
arrangement required to be filed as an exhibit to this Annual Report on Form
10-K
2