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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20459
FORM 10-K
(Mark One)
[X] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE
ACT OF 1934 [NO FEE REQUIRED]
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 1999
[ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1994 [NO FEE REQUIRED] For the transition period from _________
to _________
Commission File No. 0-23282
NATURAL MICROSYSTEMS CORPORATION
------------------------------------------------------------
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware 04-2814586
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(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation (I. R. S. employer
or organization) identification number)
100 Crossing Boulevard,
Framingham, Massachusetts 01702
----------------------------------- -----
(Address of principal executive office) (Zip code)
Registrant's telephone number,
including area code: 508-620-9300
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
Name of each exchange
Title of class on which registered
-------------- -------------------
Common Stock, $.01 per share NASDAQ National Market
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports
required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
registrant was required to file such report), and (2) has been subject to such
filing requirements for the past 90 days. YES X NO ___
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405
of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained to the best
of the registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements
incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this
Form 10-K. [ ]
As of January 21, 2000, the aggregate market value of the voting stock held by
non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $547.5 million, based on the
closing price on such date of the registrant's Common Stock on the NASDAQ
National Market. As of January 21, 2000, 12,777,327 shares of Common Stock, $.01
par value per share were outstanding.
Documents Incorporated By Reference
Portions of the registrant's Proxy Statement relating to the 2000 Annual Meeting
of Stockholders of the registrant are incorporated into Part III of this Form
10-K.
The exhibits listed in the accompanying Exhibit Index beginning on page 57 are
filed or incorporated by reference as part of this Form 10-K.
EXHIBIT INDEX ON PAGE 57
The following are trademarks and trade names of the company indicated.
CT Access, Fusion, Natural Access, Natural Call Control, Convergence Generation,
NaturalEdge, NaturalFax, Open Telecommunications, QWES, QWES.com and PolicyPoint
are trademarks; Alliance Generation is a registered trademark; and Natural
MicroSystems is a trade name of the registrant. All other brand names or
trademarks appearing in this Form 10-K are the property of their respective
holders.
This Form 10-K, future filings of the registrant, press releases of the
registrant and oral statements made with the approval of an authorized
executive officer of the registrant may contain forward-looking statements. In
connection therewith, please see the cautionary statements and risk factors
contained in Item 1, "Business - Forward-Looking Information" and "Business -
Risk Factors," which identify important factors which could cause actual results
to differ materially from those in any such forward-looking statements.
References in this Form 10-K to the "Company," the "registrant," "we," "our" and
"us" refer to Natural Microsystems Corporation and its subsidiaries.
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PART I
Item 1. Business.
---------
Overview
We provide enabling technologies to the world's leading suppliers of
networking and communications equipment. Our customers incorporate our software
and hardware products and technologies into their solutions in order to enable
service providers and enterprises to rapidly and cost-effectively deploy data,
voice and fax applications and enhanced services in converged networks.
Our products, which use technologies including digital signal processing,
media processing, signal protocol processing, switching and packet
classification, are essential components in networking and communications
equipment deployed in the wireline and wireless Internet and PSTN. We also
provide our customers with software development tools and systems architecture
and engineering design services. These products, tools and services facilitate
the rapid creation and deployment of enhanced services and applications while
conforming to the high quality, availability, scalability and manageability
required in service provider networks. Our products and technologies are
compliant with open industry standards to insure interoperability and
compatibility, and leverage mass-market components, such as general purpose
microprocessors, digital signal processors and operating system software. We
use the term Open Communications to describe products that share these
characteristics.
Demand for our solutions arises from the explosive growth in data traffic
coupled with the need of networking and communications system vendors and
service providers to bridge the gap between the IP network and the PSTN. In
addition, deregulation and the emergence of new service providers, coupled with
rapid technological changes and increasing competition, has led these system
vendors to purchase subsystems and enabling technologies from outside
suppliers, such as Natural MicroSystems. Our products and enabling technologies
help our customers achieve a reduced time to market and allow them to focus
their development efforts on new service creation and next generation
infrastructure.
Our products and solutions target applications in five market segments: IP
telephony, differentiated IP service provisioning, enhanced services, wireless
network infrastructure and enterprise applications. We target original
equipment manufacturers, system suppliers and other strategic customers in
these market segments and seek to provide them with essential enabling
components for their system offerings. To date, our solutions have been
deployed in over 40 countries and our customers include leading vendors such as
Alcatel, Clarent, Comverse, Ericsson, Lucent, Motorola, Nortel, Siemens and
Teradyne.
Industry Background
The networking and communications industries have experienced dynamic change
and rapid growth over the past few years. These changes have led to growing
challenges for both service providers as well as networking and communications
equipment vendors. These trends are expected to continue. The primary factors
driving this change and growth include those described below.
Explosive growth in data communications traffic. The increasing use of the
Internet has led to an explosive growth in data communications traffic. This
growth has been fueled by the increasing number of users of the Internet, the
increased use of electronic mail, the transmission of multimedia content and
the increased volume of information retrieved from the Internet. According to
International Data Corporation, the number of users of the Internet is expected
to grow from 142 million at the end of 1998 to 500 million in 2002. In
addition, organizations are increasingly using the Internet to communicate with
customers and partners. These business-to-business e-commerce
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transactions are further contributing to the surge in data traffic. This growth
in data traffic is placing huge strains on the traditional PSTN, creating the
need for new types of networking equipment.
Service provider deregulation and competition. Global deregulation and rapid
technological advances have resulted in the emergence of many new
communications service providers, thereby increasing competition within the
communications market, lowering prices and accelerating the development of
innovative new services to attract and retain customers. This environment is
forcing service providers to differentiate themselves by offering new services.
Many of these service providers are using packet technologies to gain a
competitive advantage through the lower cost of deployment, operation and
expansion of networks and rapid implementation of these new services. IP
telephony, differentiated IP service provisioning, customer interaction
center/web integration and unified messaging are examples of such services.
Structure and Evolution of Communications Networks
Network components. There are three fundamental components of communications
networks. The first component is the medium over which the communications
signal is transmitted, such as conventional copper wires, fiber optic cable or
radio waves. The second component is signaling, switching and other devices
that create and manage the transmission of signals. The third component is
standards or protocols that provide agreed languages that permit the various
signaling, switching and other devices to communicate with one another. For
example, the PSTN includes telephone lines, which transmit signals
incorporating both the sound or data being communicated and the signals that
route and manage the communication; telephones, switches, amplifiers and other
devices that create, route, amplify and reproduce the signals; and numerous
industry and country protocols governing the transmission and routing of the
signals and the management of the network.
Principal public communications networks today include the PSTN and the
Internet. Although each network is based on a distinct architecture, both the
PSTN and the Internet require sophisticated equipment to transmit, route and
manage communications and protocols that permit the equipment to communicate
with other equipment between and within networks.
Convergence of voice and data. Historically, voice and data communications
have been transmitted and managed on separate networks, each with distinct
technologies, standards and protocols. Traditional telephone systems require
that a dedicated connection, or circuit, be established and maintained for the
duration of a call in order to transfer voice or data. Dedicated connections
result in the poor use of bandwidth since no traffic travels through the
circuit when users are silent, which can account for a significant amount of
time during a transfer. IP networks differ fundamentally from circuit-switched
networks in that the packet network's resources and infrastructure can be
shared simultaneously by several users and bandwidth can be flexibly allocated.
Packet-based communications systems format the information to be transmitted,
like e-mail, voice, fax and data, into a series of shorter digital packages of
information called "packets." Each of these packets is then transmitted over
the network and is reassembled as a complete communication at the receiving
end. IP networks offer a number of advantages over circuit-switched networks.
Rather than requiring a dedicated circuit for each individual call, IP networks
commingle packets of voice, fax and data from several communications sources on
a single physical link, providing superior utilization of network resources.
Additionally, this integration of voice and data communications makes possible
an enrichment of services and an entire range of new, value-added applications.
Standards and protocols. IP and circuit-switched networks, deployed by
service providers across multiple geographies, rely on an array of standards
and protocols for communicating information among switches and other devices.
The PSTN requires basic signaling software protocols such as
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ISDN and SS7 in order to ensure that calls from one network to another are
transmitted correctly. Similarly, the IP network requires a set of standards
and protocols to route information correctly. For example, these standards
include H.323 for the transmission of voice signals in an IP network. While
these networks and protocols are distinct today, communications equipment
vendors are striving to build equipment that enables the interconnection and
interoperability of the different networks, protocols and standards.
Interoperability. The evolution of the packet-based network combined with
the extensively deployed circuit-switched network creates the need for
interoperability. Interoperable communications components can interconnect and
work with both circuit and packet networks. Complete interoperability of these
networks presents significant challenges. The PSTN, which consists of
approximately 1.2 billion telephones worldwide, contains a large number of
signaling protocol variants. The Internet utilizes a small number of open
protocols. Many of these are still being defined and implemented by standards
bodies and leading vendors. Interoperability requires the ability to execute
all of the associated protocol variants, as well as the ability to process the
data from its source to its destination format.
Market Needs
The explosive increase in data traffic, heightened competition, the need for
network interoperability and the emergence of converged network infrastructures
are causing service providers and enterprises to deploy new enhanced services
and applications in order to compete more effectively. In addition, the
increasing use of packet networks, which must interoperate with existing
networks, requires network equipment and applications that can operate in both
packet and circuit networks. Service providers require that their packet
networks have the high levels of quality, availability, scalability and
manageability traditionally associated with circuit networks. Finally, the
emerging packet networks can support completely new enhanced services and
applications, but only with new technologies such as traffic classification and
bandwidth management.
The Natural MicroSystems Solution
We provide enabling technologies to the world's leading suppliers of
networking and communications equipment. Our customers incorporate our software
and hardware products and technologies into their solutions in order to enable
communications service providers and enterprises to rapidly and cost-
effectively deploy data, voice and fax applications and enhanced services in
converged networks. Our products, which utilize technologies including digital
signal processing, media processing, signal protocol processing, switching, and
packet classification, are essential components in networking and
communications equipment deployed in the wireline and wireless Internet and
PSTN. We also provide our customers with software development tools and systems
architecture and engineering design services. These tools and services
facilitate the rapid creation and deployment of enhanced services and
applications while conforming to the high quality, availability, scalability
and manageability required in service provider networks. Our products and
technologies are compliant with open industry standards to insure
interoperability and compatibility, and leverage mass-market components, such
as general purpose microprocessors, digital signal processors and operating
system software.
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Our products and services enable our customers to:
Reduce time to market. Our products, technologies and services are designed
to help reduce our customers' product development cycles, enabling them to
deliver their products to market more quickly, capture greater market share and
compete more effectively. Service providers and enterprises, in turn, can
deploy enhanced services and applications more quickly.
Provide for network interoperability. Our knowledge of emerging Internet and
established PSTN protocols facilitates the deployment of our solutions across
diverse networks. As new network deployments are increasingly IP-based, our
products allow connectivity and interoperability with the PSTN. Our customers
rely on us to assist them in the deployment of their products in networks
worldwide.
Meet carrier class requirements. Our products are designed to deliver the
high quality, availability, reliability, scalability and manageability required
in service provider networks. These, combined with our solutions for network
interoperability, enable the deployment and scaling of enhanced services and
applications across diverse network infrastructures. We provide an easy-to-use
open development environment that allows our customers to develop
differentiated systems and solutions for the converged network. In addition,
this capability facilitates upgrades and enhancements to deployed network
systems, reducing the life-cycle cost of ownership.
Create and deploy enhanced services. We provide the foundation for the
creation and deployment of enhanced services, such as unified messaging, in
both the IP network and the PSTN environments. Our products and technologies
enable the delivery of differentiated packet services, including service
provisioning and traffic classification based on application type and per-flow
metering. This capability enables equipment vendors, service providers and
enterprises to build new classes of enhanced services and applications.
Strategy
Our objective is to be the leading provider of enabling technologies to the
premier networking and communications systems original equipment manufacturers
addressing converged network solutions. The following are key elements of our
strategy:
Focus on high growth market segments. We believe that our technologies,
products and services are critical to several high growth market segments. We
focus our technology, sales and marketing resources on the following five
market segments:
Examples of Applications
-----------------------------------------------
Market Segment Existing Emerging
- ------------------------------- --------------------- -------------------------
IP telephony IP voice gateways IP media servers
Differentiated IP service Internet access Guaranteed service levels
provisioning for voice and e-commerce
Enhanced services Prepaid and debit Unified messaging
card calling services
Wireless network infrastructure Analog cellular Wireless Internet
services
Enterprise applications Voicemail Customer interaction
centers/web integration
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Extend our technology leadership. We invest heavily in developing enabling
technologies that are essential to providing high performance voice, data and
fax transmission over and connectivity to both packet and circuit networks. We
provide products and technologies essential to the creation and deployment of
enhanced services on converged networks. We have assembled a team of
approximately 250 engineers and technical personnel who are currently dedicated
to this market. Over our 17 years of experience, we have developed significant
expertise in digital signal processing software, media stream protocol
processing, global network interface and protocol technologies and a
comprehensive software development environment. We intend to continue to invest
in our technological expertise through in-house development and strategic
acquisitions.
Strengthen and expand relationships with strategic customers. Our strategy
is to establish and maintain long term working relationships and to sell our
products and services to leading original equipment manufacturers in the
networking and communications industries. We dedicate over 130 sales and
technical services personnel to approximately 100 networking and communications
systems vendors worldwide. We also target emerging companies addressing high
growth markets. We use indirect channel partners to reach a broader market. By
focusing on leading equipment manufacturers with large volume potential, we
believe that we reach the largest portion of our potential customer base while
minimizing the costs and complexity of our marketing efforts. These customer
relationships also provide us with multiple sales opportunities across our
customers' product lines. We work closely with our customers to design our
software and hardware solutions into their products and use consulting and
support services to facilitate and reinforce these relationships. By working
with leading customers early in their product design and development stages, we
gain valuable insights into future industry requirements and trends.
Broaden our product offering. We believe that breadth of product line is one
of the principal attributes that equipment manufacturers consider in selecting
suppliers of enabling technology. We offer a broad selection of enabling
technologies for networking and communications equipment vendors, and we intend
to continue to broaden our product offering. For example, in December 1999 we
acquired QWES.com, Inc., the developer of PolicyPoint, an enabling technology
for differentiated packet-based services. Our strategy is to continue to expand
our product offerings, both by internal development and acquisitions.
Support open architecture and drive evolving standards. We will continue to
support open architectures, allowing developers of high performance, high value
applications to utilize standards-based products or components. This will in
turn reduce development time and enable customers to take advantage of advances
made in complementary technologies. Our products are accessible to developers
and allow them, through the use of our software development environment, to
develop software and algorithms for their products. We have a record of
developing and promoting open industry standards and intend to continue our
leadership role.
Strengthen customer relationships through consulting and support services.
Our consulting and support services extend from initial product conception and
design through implementation, field trial and deployment. These fee-based
service relationships increase our visibility to our customers and facilitate
the design-in process while providing us with insight into future market
requirements.
Products and Services
The principal functions addressed by our products include connectivity to
communications networks, call processing, real-time media processing, and media
stream protocol processing. These capabilities are accessed through a series of
application programming interfaces that expose the hardware and firmware
functions to the developer for the purpose of creating an application or
system.
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Our products are developed for global markets and allow customers to
integrate their applications and systems into the IP network and the PSTN. Our
products are compatible with signaling protocols and are approved for use in
many countries. In order to have a presence in the fastest growing and largest
international markets, we use our technological expertise, open architecture,
and familiarity with international regulatory requirements to obtain the
approvals required for use of our products in principal foreign markets. Our
products have been incorporated into products sold to end users in over 40
countries.
Our products are open, accessible, standards-based, layered, network
protocol- and operating system-independent, modular and scalable. These
features offer developers significant reduction in time and effort when
developing sophisticated applications and systems.
Convergence Generation. The Convergence Generation product family, currently
in field trials, consists of software and hardware components configured
specifically for convergence-centric systems and applications. This product
family is designed for an Intel StrongARM co-processor and Texas Instruments
(TI) C54x family of digital signal processors. We believe the architecture is
extensible to hundreds of ports per slot and capable of integrating high-
density IP network and PSTN interfaces including T3 and OC-3. We believe this
product family offers the best price performance for converged network
solutions such as IP telephony gateways and IP media servers.
PolicyPoint. The PolicyPoint product family, currently in field trials,
consists of software and hardware components that provide reliable, cost-
effective, predictable and consistent transport of voice, video and data over
packet networks. The product family is designed for the TI C6x family of
digital signal processors and does not require a host processor. It provides
connectivity to any ATM WAN while controlling network and application specific
usage and performance. The PolicyPoint architecture offers a soft-ASIC
capability that allows for the integration of additional WAN protocols
including frame relay, point-to-point protocol, multi-protocol label switching
and differentiated services. We believe the architecture is extensible to
higher density LAN and WAN interfaces. We believe PolicyPoint's architecture
delivers a compelling price performance advantage.
Alliance Generation. The Alliance Generation is a proven product line with a
field history of over eight years. It consists of software and hardware
components configured to meet the needs of enterprise and enhanced services
applications for circuit-switched environments. This product family is designed
for an Intel x86 co-processor and TI C51 or TI C549 families of digital signal
processors. The port densities offered range from 2 to 120 ports per slot and
the Alliance Generation product line is differentiated from competition due to
its unique extensibility. The product family enables systems to maximize
resources, thereby reducing costs.
Intelligent Networks/SS7. The Intelligent Networks/SS7 product family
consists of software and hardware components that provide a complete suite of
intelligent networking protocols for PSTN connectivity. The product family is
designed for the Motorola 68xxx family of processors. It allows for a full
implementation of the SS7 protocol stack with access at all layers and contains
a set of switch-specific and high availability extensions that meet service
provider requirements and facilitate worldwide deployment and interoperability.
Natural Access Software. The Natural Access Software suite consists of CT
Access with Natural Call Control, NaturalFax, ActiveAG, TAPI support, ISDN,
Channel Associated Signaling and high availability extensions. This suite was
designed as the development and run-time environment for the Alliance and
Convergence Generation product families and provides for the rapid development
of high performance, scalable applications. Natural Access allows developers,
working with common programming languages and different programming models,
independent of host platforms and operating systems, to implement applications
and systems requiring communications functionality.
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The following table depicts our product families, capabilities and benefits:
Natural MicroSystems Products
Product
Family Capabilities Benefits
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Convergence Hardware Platform Specific: Software Specific: .Provides interoperability
Generation .Integrated PSTN and IP .Programmable media with circuit and packet-
network interfaces streaming switched networks
.Media stream protocol .SNMP support .Flexible media streaming
processing .Hot-swap drivers supports new converged
(flexible packet .Hosting enhanced services
processing) environment for .Integrates into carrier
--Jitter buffer management speech grade solutions
--Low latency technologies .Maximizes system price
.Digital Signal Processing .Media support performance
--Echo cancellation --Play/record .Optimized platform for
--Vocoding --Transcoding speech recognition and
--Fax text-to-speech
--Conferencing applications
.PSTN Interface
--Worldwide signaling
.ISDN
.Channel associated
signaling
.IP Interface
--Ethernet
.Low power consumption
.Low host-processor
utilization
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PolicyPoint Hardware Platform Specific: Software Specific: .Enables service level
.Integrated LAN and WAN .Bandwidth shaping guarantees for
network interfaces --Wirespeed packet differentiated IP
.WAN Interface classification applications
--T1/E1 --Fine granularity .Provisioning of premium
.LAN Interface discrimination IP services
--10/100-BaseT Ethernet --LAN to WAN .Integrates with existing
.Standalone operation bandwidth management systems
.Integrated CSU/DSU management and .Lowers deployment and
bounds delay maintenance costs
--Per flow
metering
.Remote management
--SNMP support
--Web-based
provisioning
--In-field
software upgrades
.Routing support
.Software
programmable WAN
protocol
--ATM
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alliance Hardward Platform Specific: Software Specific: .Allows for PBX
Generation .Digital Signal Processing .SNMP support integration
--Echo cancellation .Hot-swap drivers .Provides interoperability
--Vocoding .Hosting with circuit-switched
--Fax environment for networks worldwide
--Conferencing speech .Integrates into carrier
.PSTN Interface technologies grade solutions
--Worldwide signaling .Media support .Maximizes system price
.ISDN --Play/record performance
.Channel associated --Transcoding .Optimized platform for
signaling speech recognition and
.Analog interfaces text-to-speech
.Station interfaces applications
.Low power consumption
.Low host-processor
utilization
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Product
Family Capabilities Benefits
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Intelligent Hardware Platform Specific: Software Specific: .Programmability allows
Networks/SS7 .PSTN Interface .Multiple layers wireless network
--T1/E1 --MTP1-3 components to interact
--V.35 --SCCP with PSTN
--10-BaseT Ethernet --TCAP .Facilitates the creation
--TUP of enhanced services
.Fully redundant platforms and
.4-16 Links applications
.Hardware implementation
enables host to operate
independently
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Natural Software development Features: .Development environment
Access environment: .Natural call allows for operational
Software .Alliance Generation control compatibility
.Convergence Generation .Access to global .Simplifies development of
.Windows NT signaling switching and call
.SPARC Solaris protocols processing applications
.Unixware .High availability .Simplifies development of
and manageability extensions to deployed
.Point-to-point systems
switching
.Configuration and
installation
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fusion. In addition, we market Fusion, a branded package incorporating
several of our products. It is a scalable, high performance development
platform for standards-based IP telephony solutions. Fusion provides a software
development environment designed specifically for the creation of IP telephony
gateway solutions. Fusion's modular architecture allows support for existing
protocols such as the International Telecommunication Union's H.323
specification and a growing list of emerging protocols like Media Gateway
Control Protocol (MGCP) and Session Initiation Protocol. Fusion enables
developers to create application solutions with configurations from four analog
ports to multiple T1s/E1s with no increase in latency or decrease in
performance.
Services and Customer Support. To complement our hardware and software
products, we also offer consulting and support services. Our NaturalEdge
Engineering Consulting Services include:
. Systems architecture and engineering services that assist customers with
all facets of product development, from concept definition to
feasibility analysis to functional specifications;
. Design consulting services that create working prototypes and provide a
range of engineering services, including specifications and detailed
project plans; and
. Development and integration services that help customers develop value-
added product features, extend product functionality, or migrate to
newer technology while protecting investments in existing offerings.
In addition, as part of our NaturalEdge Global Support, we offer a variety of
support programs ranging from NaturalEdge Web Support to Global On-Call Support,
which provides support 24 hours a day, seven days a week.
Technology
We offer high performance software and hardware component technologies for
converged network solutions such as communications gateways and enhanced
service platforms for IP, ATM, wireless and wireline communications networks.
Our technology components include a flexible software architecture that allows
our technology to be readily adopted by major communications equipment
suppliers. Our technology is engineered to provide telecommunications quality
and availability while leveraging the broad capabilities of mass-market
computer platforms. Our software technology is available on board-level
products for open computing platforms or as hardware reference designs for
embedded applications and systems. To facilitate the development of specific
solutions, we provide sample applications and demonstration programs. Our
architecture includes software and hardware reference designs, as well as
hardware and firmware implementations of these core technologies:
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Digital signal processing software and related compute engines. We base our
solutions on high performance commercial digital signal processors integrated
with proprietary technology to provide high density, scalable signal processing
arrays.
Media stream protocol processing. Our high performance packet processing
digital signal processor firmware technology allows for the efficient support
of media streams on IP and other packet networks and enhanced services
platforms for packet networks.
Global network interfaces and protocol technology. We offer many of the
commonly used digital and analog telephony interfaces as well as Ethernet and
T1/E1 WAN data interfaces. Our PSTN protocol technologies include all major
channel-associated signaling variants and ISDN and SS7 signaling, as well as
leading Voice-over-IP call control protocols such as H.323 and MGCP. Our
interface and protocol technology allows us to rapidly obtain interoperability
and approvals for new products in all major markets, and to efficiently respond
to our customers' requirements for public network connections and approvals in
other markets.
Telecommunications switching technology. Our Natural Call Control call
management software and our efficient hardware implementation of industry
standard CTBus interfaces combine to provide an extremely flexible, scalable
and cost-effective platform for telecommunications switching.
Packet classification and queuing for differentiated IP servicing
provisioning. Our packet classification and queuing technology supports
differentiated quality of IP services using ATM and other wide area network
protocols. The proprietary digital signal processor-based technology provides
wire speed performance levels with the flexibility of a software-only approach.
Flexible, high performance communications software and systems architecture.
Our high performance software architecture minimizes the computational load on
the host processors, freeing system resources for the use of our customers'
applications while providing the highest possible capacity on any specific
computing platform. The flexibility of our programming interface supports
diverse customer software models and simplifies our customers' development
efforts.
Carrier class high availability technology. We deliver hot-swap enabled
CompactPCI products and have established an industry leading software
infrastructure to support carrier class deployments. We offer systems level
software that extends system availability during component failures, system
maintenance and upgrades.
Customers and Market Segments
Our customers are primarily leading original equipment manufacturers. Our
customers also include system integrators, communications service providers and
international distributors in the networking and communications equipment
industry.
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The table below is a representative list of our customers within each market
segment, together with examples of applications in each segment. Each of these
customers purchased at least $500,000 of our products and services in 1999.
Market Segment
Differentiated
IP Service Wireless Network Enterprise
IP Telephony Provisioning Enhanced Services Infrastructure Applications
------------------- --------------- ----------------------- --------------------- -------------------
Representative Clarent Clarent Centigram Ericsson Alcatel
Customers Lucent Comverse Motorola Aspect
Nortel Communications
Siemens Mitel
Teradyne
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Examples of . Programmable . Bandwidth . Unified messaging . Modular wireless . Customer
Applications gateways management base stations interaction
for carriers . Billing/payment centers
. Voice-over IP . Wireless data
. Enterprise . One number/ . Messaging
communications "follow me" . Mobile switching
servers centers . Interactive voice
. Internet call waiting response
. Emerging gateway . Wireless local loop
opportunities such . E-commerce enablers
as cable and
DSL
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sales and Marketing
We focus our sales and marketing efforts on selling directly to
approximately 100 leading suppliers of networking and communications systems.
Customers targeted in our direct sales efforts are divided into three groups:
. Strategic accounts, including large, multinational companies with
multiple products, such as Lucent and Ericsson, each of which is served
by a dedicated account team;
. Major accounts, including original equipment manufacturers with discrete
product lines; and
. Emerging accounts, including new entrants in high-growth markets.
We intend to serve all other customers and prospects through indirect sales-
channel partners. This focus allows us to use our resources on customers that
offer us the largest revenue opportunities.
Our sales and marketing organization consists of 90 employees in 18 sales
offices worldwide, of which 9 are in the United States, 5 are in Europe and 4
are in Asia. During 1999, 27.4% of our revenues were from sales and services to
customers based outside North America.
Research and Development
We believe that the extension and enhancement of existing products, the
development of new products and the support of joint product development
activities are critical to our future success. During 1999, we spent $24.7
million, or 31% of our revenues, on research and development.
Our current research and development is conducted by 166 employees located
at our headquarters in Framingham, Massachusetts, and at our offices in
Schaumburg, Illinois, Tustin, California and Le Plessis Robinson, France. Our
current research and development is focused on developing emerging, high growth
technologies, such as IP traffic management, IP telephony, SS7/IP network
integration and wireless/IP network integration. Our product development
investment is focused on bringing these technologies to market and on
increasing scalability and performance, providing high availability through
CompactPCI, hot swap and related technologies, and enhancing our software
development environment to facilitate shorter development cycles for our
customers and partners.
12
Manufacturing
We outsource assembly of specific printed circuit boards to three ISO 9002
certified contract manufacturers, each of which is our sole source for the
products it manufactures.
We perform quality control and final testing of completed products at our
Framingham facility, for which we received ISO 9002 certification in 1996.
Since then, we have participated in all required processes and audits required
to maintain this certification. The British Approvals Board for
Telecommunications conducted its most recent audit in November 1999 and found
no nonconformity.
We seek to use industry-standard components for our products. Many of these
components are generally available from multiple sources. However, we acquire
certain custom integrated circuits and other devices which are components on
one or more of our products from single-source suppliers. Although we believe
we could develop other sources for each of these custom devices, the process
could take several months.
Competition
The market for our products is highly competitive. We have many competitors
whose products compete with one or more of our products. We may also compete
with our existing and potential customers' in-house development teams. Examples
of our current competitors include the Dialogic division of Intel Corporation,
AudioCodes Ltd., Radisys Corporation and Brooktrout Technology, Inc. Some of
our competitors may have greater resources than we have. As we enter new
markets, we expect to encounter competition from additional competitors, some
of which may also have greater resources than we do.
Intellectual Property and Proprietary Rights
Our success depends on proprietary technology and know-how. We rely
primarily on a combination of copyrights and restrictions on access to our
trade secrets to protect our proprietary rights. In addition, we have
applications pending on 17 patents and have received a notice of allowance on
one patent, which we expect to issue shortly. We distribute our software
products under license agreements which grant customers a nonexclusive license
to use the software and contain certain terms and conditions prohibiting its
unauthorized reproduction or transfer. We enter into confidentiality agreements
with our suppliers and customers when we disclose proprietary information to
them. In addition, we enter into confidentiality agreements and assignment of
invention agreements with our employees and consultants. We believe that our
products and technology do not infringe on any existing proprietary rights of
others.
Despite these precautions, it may be possible for unauthorized third parties
to copy aspects of our products or to obtain information that we regard as
proprietary. We believe that, due to the rapid pace of innovation within the
industry in which we participate, factors such as the technological and
creative skills of our personnel and ongoing reliable product maintenance and
support are more important in establishing and maintaining a leadership
position within the industry than are the various legal protections for our
technologies.
We depend on development, supply, marketing, licensing and other
relationships with companies for complementary technologies necessary for us to
offer a broad range of products. These relationships are generally
nonexclusive, run for a finite term and are renewable with the consent of both
parties.
13
Employees
As of December 31, 1999, we had 399 full-time employees, including 62 in
sales, 28 in marketing, 166 in research and development, 59 in services, 38 in
operations and 46 in administration and finance. None of the employees is
represented by a labor union. We have never experienced a work stoppage and
consider our relations with our employees to be good.
Forward-Looking Information
This prospectus includes and incorporates forward-looking statements that
involve substantial risks and uncertainties and fall within the meaning of
Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934. You can identify these forward-looking statements by our
use of the words "believes," "anticipates," "plans," "expects," "may," "will,"
"would," "intends," "estimates," "predicts," "potential," "continue" and
similar expressions, whether in the negative or affirmative. We cannot
guarantee that we actually will achieve these plans, intentions or
expectations. Actual results or events could differ materially from the plans,
intentions and expectations disclosed in the forward-looking statements we
make. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but
are not limited to, those discussed in "Risk Factors," beginning on page 5, as
well as other risks and uncertainties referenced in this prospectus. We do not
assume any obligation to update any of the forward-looking statements after the
date of this prospectus to conform these statements to actual results.
14
Risk Factors
We have experienced recent operating losses and may not return to
profitability.
We experienced operating losses in the last three quarters of 1998 and all
four quarters of 1999. As a result, for the years ended December 31, 1998 and
1999, we reported operating losses of approximately $10.0 million and $16.6
million, respectively. We expect to continue to increase our levels of research
and development and sales and marketing expenditures, and therefore we will
achieve profitability only if we can significantly increase our revenues. We
currently anticipate that our results will be no better than approximately
break-even until at the earliest the second half of 2000. If our revenues do
not meet the levels that we anticipate, or if our costs and expenses exceed our
expectations, we will continue to sustain losses and the price of our common
stock may decline substantially. Even if we do achieve profitability, we may
not be able to sustain it on a quarterly or annual basis.
Our operating results fluctuate and are difficult to predict, which could cause
our stock price to decline.
Our revenues and net income, if any, in any particular period may be lower
than revenues and net income, if any, in a preceding or comparable period.
Factors contributing to these fluctuations, some of which are beyond our
control, include:
. fluctuations in our customers' businesses;
. demands for our customers' products incorporating our products;
. timing and market acceptance of new products or enhancements introduced
by us or our competitors;
. availability of components from our suppliers and the manufacturing
capacity of our subcontractors;
. timing and level of expenditures for sales, marketing and product
development; and
. changes in the prices of our products or of our competitors' products.
In addition, we have historically operated with less than one quarter's
worth of backlog and a customer order pattern that is skewed toward the later
weeks of the quarter. In recent quarters, we have received orders more evenly
throughout the quarter, but we cannot be sure that this will continue in the
future. Any significant deferral of orders for our products would cause a
shortfall in revenue for the quarter. If our quarterly revenue or operating
results fall below the expectations of investors or public market analysts, our
common stock price may decline substantially.
Internal development efforts by our customers may adversely affect demand for
our products.
Many of our customers, including the large equipment manufacturers on which
we focus a significant portion of our sales and marketing efforts, have the
technical and financial ability to
15
design and produce components replicating or improving on the functionality of
most of our products. These organizations often consider in-house development
of technologies and products as an alternative to doing business with us. We
cannot be certain that these customers will resolve these "make-buy" decisions
in favor of working with us, rather than attempting to develop similar
technology and products internally or obtaining them through acquisition.
The markets we serve are highly competitive, and we may be unable to compete
effectively.
Competition in the high growth markets that we target for our products is
intense, and we expect it to intensify as current competitors expand their
product offerings and new competitors enter the market. Although competition in
many of our markets is highly fragmented, our current competitors include
Dialogic Corp., a wholly owned subsidiary of Intel Corporation, AudioCodes
Ltd., Radisys Corporation and Brooktrout Technology, Inc. Other companies,
including original equipment manufacturers that are current or targeted
customers, may enter our markets in the future. Our competitors and customers
may be able to develop products and services that are superior to our products
and services, that achieve greater customer acceptance or that have
significantly improved functionality as compared to our existing and future
products and services. In particular, by focusing all of their efforts on a
specific niche of the market, some of our competitors may succeed in
introducing products that change the competitive dynamic in that market niche
and adversely affect demand for our products. Certain of our competitors may be
able to negotiate alliances with strategic partners on more favorable terms
than we are able to negotiate. Many of our competitors have well-established
relationships with our existing and prospective customers, including those on
which we have focused significant sales and marketing efforts.
We rely on third parties to assemble our products.
We do not have in-house manufacturing capabilities and currently rely on
three different third-party contract manufacturers to assemble our printed
circuit boards and other product offerings. Each of these manufacturers is our
sole source for the products it manufactures for us. This reliance could
subject us to product shortages or quality assurance problems, which, in turn,
could lead to an increase in the cost of manufacturing or assembling our
products. Any problems that occur and persist in connection with the delivery,
quality or cost of the assembly of our products could affect our ability to
ship product and recognize revenue, harm our relationship with our customers
and harm our business.
We depend on sole source suppliers for certain components used in our products.
We rely on vendors to supply components for our products, and we rely on
sole source suppliers for certain custom integrated circuits and other devices
that are components of one or more of our products. In particular, Texas
Instruments is our sole source for the digital signal processors used in many
of our products and customarily requires order lead times of 20 to 22 weeks or
more to insure delivery in desired quantities. In addition, Lucent is our sole
source supplier for integrated circuit components used in many of our products
and customarily requires order lead times of 16 weeks or more. An interruption
in supply from either Texas Instruments or Lucent would disrupt production,
thereby adversely affecting our ability to deliver products to our customers.
Converting to an alternative source for key components could require a large
investment in capital and manpower resources and might cause significant delays
in introducing replacement products. Although we believe we could identify
alternative sources for all of our components, that process could take several
months, and any interruption in our supplies could harm our business.
16
We do not obtain binding purchase commitments from our customers and rely on
projections prepared by our customers in assessing future demand for our
products.
Our "design wins" are solely an expression of interest by customers and are
not supported by purchase obligations. Therefore, there can be no assurance
that any "design win" will result in purchase orders for our products. After we
begin receiving initial orders for a product from a customer, we rely heavily
on the customer's projections as to future needs for our product, without
having any binding commitment from the customer as to future orders. Because
our expenses are based on forecasting of future orders, a substantial reduction
or delay in orders for our products from our customers could harm our business.
Our products typically have long sales cycles, causing us to expend significant
resources before achieving "design wins" and recognizing revenue.
The length of our sales cycle typically ranges from six to eighteen months
and varies substantially from customer to customer. Prospective customers
generally must commit significant resources to test and evaluate our products
and integrate them into larger systems. This evaluation period is often
prolonged due to delays associated with approval processes that typically
accompany the design and testing of new communications equipment by our
customers. In addition, the rapidly emerging and evolving nature of the markets
in which we and our customers compete may cause prospective customers to delay
their purchase decisions as they evaluate new technologies and develop and
implement new systems. During the period in which our customers are evaluating
whether to place an order with us, we often incur substantial sales and
marketing expenses, without any assurance of future orders or their timing.
Even after we achieve a "design win" and our product is expected to be utilized
in a product or service offering being developed by our customer, the timing of
the development, introduction and implementation of those products is
controlled by, and can vary significantly with the needs of, our customers and
may exceed several months. This complicates our planning processes and reduces
the predictability of our earnings. If sales forecasted from a specific
customer for a particular quarter are not realized in that quarter, we may fail
to achieve our revenue goals.
The average selling prices of our products may decrease, which could adversely
affect gross margins and revenues.
Competitive pressures and rapid technological change may cause erosion of
the average selling prices of our products and services. For example, the toll
bypass segment of the Internet telephony market in which we compete has
experienced a rapid and substantial decline in average product selling prices
during the last year. In addition, as many of our target customers are large
original equipment manufacturers with significant market power, we may face
pressure from them for steep discounts in our pricing. Any significant erosion
in our average selling prices could impact our gross margins and harm our
business.
Our revenue growth depends significantly on the timely development and launch
of new products and product enhancements, and we cannot be sure that our new
products will gain wide market acceptance.
The communications equipment and services market is characterized by rapid
technological change, which requires continual development and introduction of
new products and product enhancements that respond to evolving market needs and
industry standards on a timely and cost-effective basis. Successfully
developing new products requires us to accurately anticipate technological
evolution in the communications industry as well as the technical and design
needs of our customers. In addition, new product development and launch require
significant commitments of capital and personnel. Failure to successfully
update and enhance current products and to develop and launch new products
would harm our business.
17
We have experienced, and may in the future experience, delays in developing
and releasing new products and product enhancements. These delays have led to,
and may in the future lead to, delayed sales, increased expenses and lower
quarterly revenue than anticipated. During the development of our products, we
have also experienced delays in the prototyping of our digital signal
processing chips, which in turn have led to delays in product introductions.
Our failure to timely introduce a new product or product enhancement could harm
our reputation with our customers or reduce demand for that product, which
could harm our business.
We may acquire other businesses or technologies; if we do, we may be unable to
integrate them with our business or our financial performance may suffer.
If appropriate opportunities present themselves, we may acquire businesses,
technologies, services or products that we believe are strategic. We do not
currently have any understandings, commitments or agreements with respect to
any acquisition, nor are we currently pursuing any acquisition. We may not be
able to identify, negotiate or finance any future acquisition successfully.
Even if we do succeed in acquiring a business, technology, service or product,
the process of integration may produce unforeseen operating difficulties and
expenditures and may absorb significant attention of our management that would
otherwise be available for the ongoing development of our business. If we make
future acquisitions, we may issue shares of stock that dilute other
stockholders, incur debt, assume contingent liabilities or create additional
expenses related to amortizing goodwill and other intangible assets, any of
which might harm our financial results and cause our stock price to decline.
Any financing that we might need for future acquisitions may only be available
to us on terms that restrict our business or that impose on us costs that
reduce our net income.
We may be unable to attract and retain management and other key personnel we
need to succeed.
The loss of any of our senior management or other key research, development,
sales and marketing personnel, particularly if lost to competitors, could harm
our business. Our future success will depend in large part on our ability to
attract, retain and motivate highly skilled employees.
We may not be able to adequately protect our intellectual property, which may
facilitate the development of competing products by others.
We rely on a combination of copyright and trade secret laws, restrictions on
disclosure and patents to protect our intellectual property rights. Despite our
efforts to protect our proprietary rights, unauthorized parties may attempt to
copy or otherwise obtain and use our products or technology. The laws of some
foreign countries do not protect our proprietary rights to as great an extent
as the laws of the United States. If we fail to adequately protect our
intellectual property rights, it will be easier for our competitors to sell
competing products.
Our products may infringe on the intellectual property rights of third parties,
which may result in lawsuits and prohibit us from selling our products.
There is a risk that third parties have filed, or will file applications
for, or have received or will receive, patents or obtain additional
intellectual property rights relating to materials or processes that we use or
propose to use. As a result, from time to time, third parties may assert
exclusive patent or other intellectual property rights to technologies that are
important to us. In addition, third parties may assert claims or initiate
litigation against us or our manufacturers, suppliers or customers with respect
to existing or future products or other proprietary rights. Any claims against
us or customers
18
that we indemnify against intellectual property claims, with or without merit,
may be time-consuming, result in costly litigation and diversion of technical
and management personnel or require us to develop non-infringing technology. If
a claim is successful, we may be required to obtain a license or royalty
agreement under the intellectual property rights of those parties claiming the
infringement. If we are unable to obtain the license, we may be unable to
market our affected products. Limitations on our ability to market our products
and delays and costs associated with monetary damages and redesigns in
compliance with an adverse judgment or settlement could harm our business.
Our products depend upon the continued availability of licensed technology from
third parties.
We currently license and will continue to license certain technology
integral to our products and services, such as protocols, from third parties.
While we believe that much of this technology is available from multiple
sources, any difficulties in acquiring third-party technology licenses, or in
integrating the related third-party technology into our products, could result
in delays in product development or upgrade until equivalent technology can be
identified, licensed and integrated. We may require new licenses in the future
as our business grows and technology evolves. We cannot assure you that these
licenses will continue to be available to us on commercially reasonable terms,
if at all.
The ongoing evolution of industry standards may adversely affect demand for our
products and increase our costs.
Our success depends on both the evolution of industry standards for new
technologies and our products' compatibility with multiple industry standards.
Many technological developments occur prior to the adoption of the related
industry standard. The absence of an industry standard related to a specific
technology may prevent market acceptance of products using that technology, or
may result in the development of products not compatible with ultimately
adopted standards, which would limit demand for our products. We intend to
develop products compatible with other technological advancements and may
develop these products prior to the adoption of industry standards related to
these technologies. As a result, we may incur significant expenses and losses
due to lack of customer demand, unusable purchased components for these
products and the diversion of our engineers from future product development
efforts. Further, we may develop products that do not comply with the eventual
industry standard, which could limit our ability to sell these products. If the
industry develops new standards, we may not be able to design and manufacture
new products in a timely fashion that meet these new standards. Even after the
adoption of industry standards, the future success of our products depends on
widespread market acceptance of their underlying technologies.
Defects in our products or problems arising from the use of our products
together with other vendors' products may seriously harm our business and
reputation.
Products as complex as ours may contain known and undetected errors or
performance problems. Defects are frequently found during the period
immediately following introduction and initial implementation of new products
or enhancements to existing products. Although we attempt to resolve all errors
that we believe would be considered serious by our customers before
implementation, our products are not error-free. These errors or performance
problems could result in lost revenues or customer relationships and could be
detrimental to our business and reputation generally. Additionally, reduced
market acceptance of our services due to errors or defects in our technology
would harm our business by reducing our revenues and damaging our reputation.
In some of our contracts, we have agreed to indemnify our customers against
certain liabilities arising
19
from defects in our products, but we do not carry insurance policies covering
this type of liability. In addition, our customers generally use our products
together with their own products and products from other vendors. As a result,
when problems occur in the network, it may be difficult to identify the source
of the problem. These problems may cause us to incur significant warranty and
repair costs, divert the attention of our engineering personnel from our
product development efforts and cause significant customer relations problems.
To date, defects in our products or those of other vendors' products with which
ours are used by our customers have not had a material negative effect on our
business. However, we cannot be certain that a material negative effect will
not occur in the future.
Because we derive a significant portion of our revenues from international
sales, we are susceptible to currency fluctuations and other risks.
Sales to customers outside North America accounted for approximately 27% of
our revenues in 1999, and we believe a material portion of our domestic sales
results in the use of our products outside North America. Since customers
generally evaluate our purchase price as expressed in their own currency,
changes in foreign currency exchange rates may hurt our sales in other
countries. In addition, some of our sales transactions are denominated in local
currency and we do not mitigate the currency risk by engaging in currency-
hedging transactions. An increase in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to
foreign currencies could make our products less competitive on a price basis in
international markets or adversely impact the U.S. dollar yield from sales
transactions denominated in local currency.
Other risks arising from our international business include political
instability or recessions in other countries, the imposition of trade and
tariff regulations by foreign governments and the difficulties in managing
operations across disparate geographic areas. These or other factors may limit
our ability to sell our products and services in other countries.
The market segments we target may not develop as rapidly as we anticipate.
We operate in five segments of the networking and communications market: IP
telephony, differentiated IP service provisioning, enhanced services, wireless
network infrastructure and enterprise applications. Although we expect growth
in these areas, each of these market segments is emerging, undergoing rapid
change or both and may fail to generate demand for our products at the levels
we anticipate, which could limit our future revenues and harm our business.
Future regulation or legislation could restrict our business or increase our
costs.
We are unable to predict the impact, if any, that future legislation, legal
decisions or regulations relating to our target market segments may have on our
business, financial condition and results of operations. Regulation may focus
on, among other things, assessing access or settlement charges, or imposing
tariffs or regulations based on the characteristics and quality of products and
services, either of which could restrict our business or increase our cost of
doing business. For example, the Federal Communications Commission is currently
examining the question of whether certain forms of telephone services over the
Internet should be subject to FCC regulations as telecommunications services.
If the FCC were to determine that Internet telephony providers, or the services
they provide, are subject to FCC regulations, then some of the service
providers that buy equipment from our customers may be forced to pay access
charges and make universal service contributions. This could have a material
adverse effect on those customers' business and competitive position and could
therefore force them to limit or cut-off their purchases of our products.
20
Anti-takeover provisions in Delaware law and our corporate documents may affect
the value of our common stock.
Provisions of Delaware law and our corporate documents may make it difficult
and expensive for a third party to acquire us. For example, our certificate of
incorporation provides for the election of members to our board of directors
for staggered three-year terms. In addition, we have adopted a shareholder
rights plan. The existence of these anti-takeover provisions may substantially
impede the ability of a third party to acquire control of us or accumulate
large blocks of our common stock, which may adversely affect our stock price.
Item 2. Properties.
----------
We lease a facility totaling approximately 100,000 square feet for our
corporate headquarters in Framingham, Massachusetts. The lease on this facility
expires in May 2012.
We also lease facilities in Le Plessis Robinson, France, Schaumburg,
Illinois and Tustin, California in which we conduct design and engineering
operations. The Le Plessis Robinson office also serves as our European sales
and service headquarters.
In addition, we have short-term leases for 15 sales offices throughout North
America, Europe and Asia. We believe our facilities are adequate for our
current needs and that we will be able to secure suitable space as needed in
the future.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings.
-----------------
From time to time, we are a party to various legal proceedings incidental to
our business. We have no material legal proceedings currently pending.
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Securities Holders.
------------------------------------------------------
None.
21
PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
PRICE RANGE OF COMMON STOCK
Our common stock is quoted on the Nasdaq National Market under the symbol
"NMSS." The following table shows the high and low closing sale prices per
share of our common stock, as reported on the Nasdaq National Market, for the
periods indicated:
High Low
------ ------
Year Ended December 31, 1998:
First Quarter............................................ $46.94 $34.31
Second Quarter........................................... 38.37 16.00
Third Quarter............................................ 14.75 9.50
Fourth Quarter........................................... 12.56 6.19
Year Ended December 31, 1999:
First Quarter............................................ $ 8.53 $ 4.91
Second Quarter........................................... 10.06 3.06
Third Quarter............................................ 14.50 9.63
Fourth Quarter........................................... 46.88 13.50
Year Ending December 31, 2000:
First Quarter (through January 25, 2000)................. $46.88 $37.00
On January 25, 2000 the reported last sale price of the common stock on the
Nasdaq National Market was $43.94 per share. As of December 31, 1999, we
had approximately 326 stockholders of record of our common stock.
DIVIDEND POLICY
We have never declared or paid any dividends on our common stock. We do not
anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. We currently
intend to retain future earnings to fund the development and growth of our
business. In addition, our credit agreement with a bank contains covenants
which prohibit us from paying cash dividends.
ISSUANCE OF UNREGISTERED SECURITIES
We acquired QWES.com, Inc. in December 1999, pursuant to an Agreement and
Plan of Merger dated November 30, 1999, by and among the Company, NMS Delaware
Acquisition Corp. and QWES.com, Inc. (as amended December 15, 1999, the
"Agreement"). Pursuant to the Agreement, we issued 1,449,785 shares of our
common stock in exchange for all of the outstanding shares of capital stock of
QWES.com, Inc. The shares were issued using an exemption from registration
pursuant to Rule 506 under the Securities Act.
Item 6. Selected Financial Data.
-----------------------
Components of selected financial information consist of the following:
SELECTED FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Year Ended December 31,
------------------------------------------
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
------- ------- ------- ------- --------
(in thousands except per
share data)
Revenues.......................... $32,835 $51,464 $75,363 $ 76,529 $ 79,476
Gross profit...................... 21,350 33,070 50,065 48,411 47,956
Operating income (loss)........... 4,200 3,065 7,319 (10,057) (16,634)
Income (loss) before income taxes
................................. 2,625 4,273 8,517 (8,993) (17,688)
Income tax expense (benefit)...... 1,350 2,643 4,758 (2,868) 1,000
------- ------- ------- -------- --------
Net income (loss)................. $ 1,275 $ 1,630 $ 3,759 $ (6,125) $(18,688)
======= ======= ======= ======== ========
Net income (loss) per share:
Basic........................... $ 0.18 $ 0.17 $ 0.36 $ (0.56) $ (1.63)
======= ======= ======= ======== ========
Diluted......................... $ 0.18 $ 0.17 $ 0.34 $ (0.56) $ (1.63)
======= ======= ======= ======== ========
Weighted average common shares
used in computing net income
(loss) per share:
Basic........................... 7,002 9,370 10,481 10,923 11,482
Diluted......................... 7,005 9,675 11,179 10,923 11,482
December 31,
---------------------------------------
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Total assets.......................... $26,396 $62,662 $81,693 $78,950 $70,709
Long-term debt, less current portion.. -- 392 243 260 306
22
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
of Operations.
- --------------
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Overview
We provide enabling technologies to the world's leading suppliers of
networking and communications equipment. Our customers incorporate our software
and hardware products and technologies into their solutions in order to enable
service providers and enterprises to rapidly and cost-effectively deploy data,
voice and fax applications and enhanced services in converged networks.
Over the past two years, we have been strategically repositioning our
business to address new, high growth markets resulting from the growth in the
converged network build out. To support this repositioning, we made significant
investments in our sales force, built a service organization, expanded our
research and development and strengthened our management team. As a result,
during 1999, we achieved sequential increases in revenue over the prior quarter
of 6% in the second quarter, 15% in the third quarter and 23% in the fourth
quarter. In the quarter ended December 31, 1999, we achieved record revenues of
$25.0 million, representing a 43% increase over the same period in the prior
year.
In December 1999, we acquired QWES.com, Inc. in a transaction accounted for
as a pooling of interests. QWES is a business in the differentiated IP service
provisioning and application traffic shaping markets. In connection with the
acquisition, we exchanged or reserved 1,500,000 shares of our common stock for
the outstanding shares, options and warrants of QWES. Our consolidated
financial statements have been restated to include the financial position,
results of operations and cash flows of QWES from April 3, 1998, when QWES was
incorporated, through the acquisition date.
In October 1997, we acquired ViaDSP, Inc. for aggregate consideration of
144,562 shares of our common stock in a transaction accounted for as a
purchase. ViaDSP was created to define, develop and deliver standard products
for the telecommunications markets using advanced digital signal processing
technology. The value of the transaction was $7.1 million, including
approximately $236,000 of expenses related to the acquisition.
Our revenues consist primarily of product sales and, to a lesser extent,
services provided to our customers. We sell our products worldwide principally
through direct sales focusing on large original equipment manufacturer and
significant system supplier customers. We use indirect channels to focus on all
other customers and prospects. This strategy allows us to focus our resources
on customers that offer us the largest revenue opportunities.
Our revenue is recognized from product sales upon completion of delivery,
provided that collection is deemed probable. Service revenues are recognized
ratably over applicable contract periods or as the services are performed.
Our cost of revenues consists primarily of product cost, cost of services
provided to our customers and the overhead associated with testing and
fulfillment operations.
Sales, general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries,
commissions and related personnel expenses for those engaged in our sales,
marketing, promotional, public relations, executive accounting and
administrative activities and other general corporate expenses. As we add
personnel, launch new products and incur additional costs related to the growth
of our business, we expect these expenses to increase.
23
Research and development expenses consist primarily of salaries, personnel
expenses and prototype fees related to the design, development, testing and
enhancement of our products. As of December 31, 1999, all research and
development costs have been expensed as incurred. We believe that continued
investment in research and development is critical to attaining our strategic
product and cost reduction objectives, and that these expenses will increase in
the future.
Results of Operations
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, selected items
from our consolidated statements of operations as a percentage of revenues.
Year Ended December 31,
--------------------------
1997 1998 1999
------- ------- -------
Revenues...................................... 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Cost of revenues.............................. 33.6 36.7 39.7
------- ------- -------
Gross profit.................................. 66.4 63.3 60.3
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative......... 29.6 44.4 50.3
Research and development.................... 19.7 28.0 31.0
Purchased in-process research and
development................................ 7.4 -- --
Restructuring and other special charges..... -- 4.0 (0.1)
------- ------- -------
Total operating expenses.................. 56.7 76.4 81.2
------- ------- -------
Operating income (loss)....................... 9.7 (13.1) (20.9)
Merger-related costs.......................... -- -- (1.6)
Other income, net............................. 1.6 1.4 0.2
------- ------- -------
Income (loss) before income taxes............. 11.3 (11.7) (22.3)
Income tax expense (benefit).................. 6.3 (3.7) 1.2
------- ------- -------
Net income (loss)............................. 5.0% (8.0)% (23.5)%
======= ======= =======
Year Ended December 31, 1999 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 1998
Revenues
Revenues increased to $79.5 million for the year ended December 31, 1999
from $76.5 million for the year ended December 31, 1998, representing an
increase of 3.9%. The increase is attributable to the growth of our services
sector, increased revenues in Europe and increased revenues from our strategic
accounts, partially offset by lower revenues in Latin America. Revenues from
sales to customers located outside North America were 27.4%, or $21.8 million,
and 26.9%, or $20.6 million, in 1999 and 1998, respectively. No single customer
accounted for more than 10% of revenues in 1999 or 1998.
Gross Profit
Gross profit decreased to $48.0 million for 1999 from $48.4 million for
1998, representing a decrease of 0.9%. The decrease in gross profit was related
to increased expenses incurred for investment in the services and manufacturing
departments.
Selling, General and Administrative
Selling, general and administrative expense increased to $40.0 million for
1999 from $34.0 million for 1998, representing an increase of 17.6%. The
increase in expenses was due to costs associated with increased selling
activity and increased expenditures for marketing, international
24
expansion and customer support. In 1999, we added a sales office in Italy.
These increased expenses were in anticipation of increased revenues and aided
in our repositioning.
Research and Development
Research and development expense increased to $24.7 million for 1999 from
$21.5 million in 1998, representing an increase of 15.1%. The increase in
expense was primarily due to increased personnel and project development costs
associated with the Convergence Generation and Alliance Generation product
lines and associated software, and development of PolicyPoint. We expect that
our research and development expense will continue to increase.
Other Income, Net
Other income and expense, reflecting net interest income and foreign
exchange gains and losses, decreased to $181,000 for 1999 from $1.1 million
(exclusive of merger costs) for 1998, representing a decrease of 83.5%. The
decrease is primarily due to lower average cash balances for the period,
foreign exchange losses and an increase in interest expense associated with the
debt assumed in the QWES acquisition.
Merger-Related Expenses
We incurred a charge of $1.2 million in the fourth quarter of 1999
consisting of investment banking, accounting and legal fees connected with
closing the QWES acquisition.
Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
Income tax expense (benefit) was $1.0 million and ($2.9 million) for 1999
and 1998, respectively. During the quarter ended December 31, 1999, we
concluded that a full valuation allowance against our net deferred tax asset was
required, under applicable accounting standards, due to uncertainties
surrounding its realization. Accordingly,we established a full valuation
allowance for the net deferred tax asset of $4.8 million as of the beginning of
the year. This was partially offset by 1999 operating loss carrybacks and a
reduction in the income tax reserve for probable loss contingencies.
Year Ended December 31, 1998 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 1997
Revenues
Revenues increased to $76.5 million for 1998 from $75.4 million for 1997,
representing a 1.5% increase. The increase is attributable to the growth of our
services department, which was added in 1998, as well as increased revenues in
North America and Asia, partially offset by decreased revenues in Europe and
Latin America. Revenues from sales to customers located outside North America
were 26.9%, or $20.6 million, for 1998 and 27.9%, or $21.0 million, for 1997.
No single customer accounted for more than 10% of revenues in 1998 or 1997.
Gross Profit
Gross profit decreased to $48.4 million for 1998 from $50.1 million for
1997, representing a decrease of 3.3%. The decrease in gross profit was
directly related to expenses we incurred for investment in the services and
manufacturing departments. We took additional charges of approximately $1.1
million in 1998 that were related to prepaid technological licenses and product
write-downs due to the discontinuance of certain products.
25
Selling, General and Administrative
Selling, general and administrative expense increased to $34.0 million for
1998 from $22.3 million for 1997, representing an increase of 52.4%. The
increases in expenses were due to costs associated with increased selling
activity and increased expenditures for marketing, international expansion and
customer support. In 1998, we added sales offices in Tokyo and Beijing. These
increased expenditures were in anticipation of increased revenues.
We recorded a provision in 1998 against a trade receivable of approximately
$2.2 million with a customer that abruptly ceased operations in April 1998. We
recorded revenues of $3.8 million and $2.5 million with this customer in 1997
and 1996, respectively.
Research and Development
Research and development expense increased to $21.5 million for 1998 from
$14.9 million for 1997, representing an increase of 44.5%. The increase in
expense was primarily due to increased personnel and project development costs
associated with the Alliance Generation product line and associated software.
Purchased In-Process Research and Development
At the time of our acquisition of ViaDSP, Inc. in October 1997, we allocated
the purchase price to the tangible and intangible assets of ViaDSP based on the
fair market value of those assets using a risk-adjusted discounted cash flow
approach. Specifically, the purchased in-process research and development,
consisting of completed technology and two separate development projects, was
evaluated through interviews. The development projects were further subjected
to analysis of data concerning the state of the technology and needed
developments. The evaluation of the underlying technology took into account the
inherent difficulties and uncertainties in completing its development, and
thereby achieving technological feasibility, along with the risks related to
the viability of and potential changes in our target markets. At the time of
the acquisition, we expensed the fair value of $5.6 million of the acquired
technology that had not reached technological feasibility as in-process
research and development and had no alternative future use to us in other
research and development projects or otherwise.
Actual revenues resulting from the purchased in-process research and
development have not met our expectations. These shortfalls from expectations
have adversely affected the expected return on our investment in ViaDSP.
Other Income, Net
Other income and expense, reflecting net interest income and foreign
exchange gains and losses, decreased to $1.1 million in 1998 from $1.2 million
(exclusive of merger costs) in 1997, reflecting a decrease of 11.2%.
Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
Income tax expense (benefit) was ($2.9 million) and $4.8 million for 1998
and 1997, respectively. The tax rates for 1998 and 1997 differ from the
effective tax rate due to state income taxes, net of federal tax benefit; the
effect of research and experimentation federal tax credits; and permanent
differences for nondeductible merger and purchased in-process research and
development costs.
26
Restructuring and Other Special Charges
In the fourth quarter of 1998, in response to changes in our business
environment we took several actions to create efficiency, to decrease cash
outflows and to manage our business more effectively, that resulted in
restructuring and other special charges. To eliminate payroll and other related
expenditures, we reduced our headcount by three senior international managers.
The accrued cost to implement this reduction was approximately $951,000 (of
which approximately $65,000 was paid in 1998). We also committed to reduce
future lease commitments for a new corporate office and engineering space
neither of which will be occupied. The accrued cost to reduce or terminate
these lease commitments was approximately $2.1 million, with a projected
avoidance of future costs of approximately $10.2 million over ten years.
We were able to buy out the lease commitment at one of the locations and
sublease the other location at an aggregate cost of approximately $958,000,
resulting in a savings of approximately $1.1 million from our original
estimate. These savings resulted in credits against our accruals in 1999. The
savings in the first quarter were partially offset by an additional accrual of
approximately $288,000 for unexpected delays in disposing of the other lease
commitment. There is no remaining balance for the lease accruals at
December 31, 1999.
In the first quarter of 1999, we completed our management reorganization and
terminated two additional senior managers. The severance costs were
approximately $441,000, with an anticipated savings of approximately $327,000 a
year. In addition, in the fourth quarter of 1999, we incurred a special charge
of approximately $557,000 for payroll-related taxes on an option exercise by one
of the terminated managers. At December 31, 1999 the aggregate severance
accruals have a remaining accrued balance of approximately $450,000, which will
be fully paid in 2000.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In December 1998, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants
issued Statement of Position No. 98-9, "Modification of SOP No. 97-2, Software
Revenue Recognition, with Respect to Certain Transactions" ("SOP 98-9"). SOP
98-9 amends SOP 97-2 to require recognition of revenue using the "residual
method" in circumstances outlined in SOP 98-9. Under the residual method,
revenue is recognized as follows: (1) the total fair value of undelivered
elements, as indicated by vendor-specific objective evidence, is deferred and
subsequently recognized in accordance with the relevant sections of SOP 97-2
and (2) the difference between the total arrangement fee and the amount
deferred for the undelivered elements is recognized as revenue related to the
delivered elements. SOP 98-9 is effective for transactions entered into in
fiscal years beginning after March 15, 1999. Accordingly, we have adopted the
provisions of SOP 98-9 for our fiscal year 2000 which commenced on January 1,
2000. Also, the provisions of SOP 97-2 that were deferred by SOP 98-4 will
continue to be deferred until the date SOP 98-9 becomes effective. We do not
expect the adoption of SOP 98-9 to have a significant impact on our results of
operations or financial position.
In June 1999, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued SFAS No. 137,
"Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities--Deferral of the
Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 133." SFAS No. 137 amends SFAS No. 133,
"Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities" which was issued
in June 1998. SFAS No. 137 defers the effective date of SFAS No. 133 to all
fiscal years beginning after June 15, 2000. Accordingly, we will adopt the
provisions of SFAS No. 133 for our fiscal year 2001 which commences on January
1, 2001. SFAS No. 133 requires that all derivative instruments be recorded on
the balance sheet at their fair value. Changes in the fair value of derivatives
will be recorded each period in current earnings or
27
accumulated other comprehensive income, depending on whether a derivative is
designated as part of a hedge transaction and the type of hedge transaction. We
do not expect the adoption of SFAS No. 133 to have a material impact on our
financial position or results of operations.
In December 1999, the Securities and Exchange Commission released Staff
Accounting Bulletin No. 101, Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements. This
bulletin summarizes certain views of the staff on applying generally accepted
accounting principals to revenue recognition in financial statements. The staff
believes that revenue is realized or realizable and earned when all of the
following criteria are met: persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists;
delivery has occurred or services have been rendered; the seller's price to the
buyer is fixed or determinable; and collectibility is reasonably assured. We
believe that our current revenue recognition policy complies with the
Commission's guidelines.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Cash provided by (used by) operations for the years ended December 31, 1999,
1998 and 1997 was $7.6 million, ($4.1 million) and $3.2 million, respectively.
Cash was provided by operations in 1999 from decreases in our accounts
receivable, inventory and prepaid assets and increases in accrued expenses,
partially offset by the net loss. Cash was used in operations in 1998 from the
net loss, and increases in inventory, prepaid expenses and a restructuring
accrual partially offset by a decrease in accounts receivable. Cash was
provided by operations in 1997 from net income and increased accounts payable
partially offset by increased accounts receivable and inventory in support of
higher revenues.
Cash (used in) provided by investing activities in 1999, 1998 and 1997 was
($7.7 million), $7.2 million and ($7.8 million), respectively. Cash of $17.3
million, $6.5 million and $33.0 million was used to purchase marketable
securities, with cash of $16.4 million, $27.6 million and $32.7 million
provided from maturities of marketable securities for 1999, 1998 and 1997,
respectively. Capital expenditures were $6.2 million, $8.6 million and $7.2
million for 1999, 1998 and 1997, respectively. Increased capital expenditures
in 1998 were primarily due to increases in personnel-related and capital
improvement costs. Capital expenditures for 1997 were associated with our new
headquarters facility. We expect capital expenditures in 2000 will approximate
$7.0 million, principally for testing equipment, development equipment and
computer hardware and software.
Cash provided by financing activities in 1999, 1998 and 1997 was $4.2
million, $3.2 million and $4.1 million, respectively. The financing in 1999 was
provided primarily by the exercise of stock options and the issuance of debt
used to fund QWES operations. This was partially offset by our purchase for
$1.1 million of 100,000 shares of common stock through our repurchase plan,
which our board of directors authorized in July 1999 and subsequently
rescinded. The financing in 1998 was provided primarily from the exercise of
stock options and the issuance of debt used to fund QWES operations. The
financing in 1997 was provided primarily from the exercise of stock options.
We established a new $7.5 million bank line of credit for working capital
purposes effective in May 1999. Borrowings under our line of credit bear
interest at the bank's floating rate of prime plus one percent. We are subject
to covenants requiring maintenance of certain profitability, equity and
liquidity ratios. As of December 31, 1999, we were in compliance with all of
those covenants, and there were no amounts outstanding. This credit agreement
is subject to renewal on May 13, 2000.
We believe that our current cash and marketable securities will be
sufficient to meet our cash requirement to fund operations and expected
expenditures for the foreseeable future.
28
Quarterly Results
The following tables set forth unaudited selected financial information for
the periods indicated, as well as certain information expressed as a percentage
of total revenues for the same periods. This information has been derived from
unaudited consolidated financial statements, which we believe include all
adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a
fair presentation of such information. This information has not been audited or
reviewed by our independent accountants in accordance with standards
established for such reviews. The results of operations for any quarter are not
necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for any future period.
Revenues have grown relatively steadily over the four quarters for the
period ended December 31, 1999, after we significantly increased expenses in
1998 as we began our repositioning. Revenue growth from the first quarter of
1999 to the second quarter was 6%, from the second quarter to the third quarter
was 15% and from the third quarter to the fourth quarter was 23%. We believe
that our repositioning efforts have been successful to date. We expect that
revenues will continue to increase into the period ending December 31, 2000.
Operating income (loss) during the eight quarters has varied, decreasing as
a percentage of revenues from quarter to quarter for 1999, after increasing
steadily over four quarters of 1998. Cost of revenues remained flat in 1999
after increasing steadily over the four quarters in 1998. In 1998 and 1999,
increases in the services and manufacturing departments led to higher cost of
revenues percentages. During this eight-quarter period, selling, general and
administrative expenses have varied due to costs associated with increased
sales activity and increased expenditures for marketing and international
operations. Research and development remained relatively constant as a
percentage of revenues.
Our quarterly operating results may fluctuate as a result of a number of
other factors, including timing of customer orders, adjustments of delivery
schedules to accommodate customer or regulatory requirements, availability of
components from suppliers, timing and level of international sales, mix of
products sold and timing and level of expenditures for sales, marketing and new
product development.
29
We operate on a relatively small backlog. Quarterly sales and operating results
therefore generally depend on the volume and timing of orders received during
or just before the start of the quarter. Our expense levels are based in part
on our forecasts of future revenues and, if such revenues were to fall below
expectations, our operating results could be adversely affected. Accordingly,
we cannot be sure that we will be profitable in any particular quarter. All
figures set out in the table below are in thousands.
Quarter Ended
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
31-Mar-98 30-Jun-98 30-Sep-98 31-Dec-98 31-Mar-99 30-Jun-99 30-Sep-99 31-Dec-99
--------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
Revenues................ $20,007 $18,436 $20,611 $ 17,475 $16,621 $17,565 $20,276 $25,014
Cost of revenues........ 6,066 6,629 7,678 7,745 6,625 6,953 8,080 9,862
------- ------- ------- -------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Gross profit............ 13,941 11,807 12,933 9,730 9,996 10,612 12,196 15,152
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and
administrative........ 8,805 7,186 8,039 9,949 9,743 9,775 9,966 10,492
Research and
development........... 4,583 4,664 5,345 6,872 5,925 6,258 6,278 6,244
Restructuring and
other special
charges............... -- -- -- 3,025 -- -- -- (91)
------- ------- ------- -------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Total operating
expenses............ 13,388 11,850 13,384 19,846 15,668 16,033 16,244 16,645
------- ------- ------- -------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Operating income
(loss)................. 553 (43) (451) (10,116) (5,672) (5,421) (4,048) (1,493)
Merger-related
expenses............... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- (1,235)
Other income (loss),
net.................... 223 234 272 335 (208) 191 50 148
------- ------- ------- -------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Income (loss) before
income taxes........... 776 191 (179) (9,781) (5,880) (5,230) (3,998) (2,580)
Income tax expense
(benefit).............. 272 92 31 (3,264) (1,858) (1,580) (1,156) 5,594
------- ------- ------- -------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Net income (loss)....... $ 504 $ 99 $ (210) $ (6,517) $(4,022) $(3,650) $(2,842) $(8,174)
======= ======= ======= ======== ======= ======= ======= =======
Quarter Ended
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
31-Mar-98 30-Jun-98 30-Sep-98 31-Dec-98 31-Mar-99 30-Jun-99 30-Sep-99 31-Dec-99
Percent of Revenues --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
Revenues................ 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Cost of revenues........ 30.3 36.0 37.3 44.3 39.9 39.6 39.8 39.4
------- ------- ------- -------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Gross profit............ 69.7 64.0 62.7 55.7 60.1 60.4 60.2 60.6
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and
administrative........ 44.0 39.0 39.0 57.0 58.6 55.7 49.2 41.9
Research and
development........... 22.9 25.3 25.9 39.3 35.7 35.6 31.0 25.0
Restructuring and
other special
charges............... -- -- -- 17.3 -- -- -- (0.3)
------- ------- ------- -------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Total operating
expenses............ 66.9 64.3 64.9 113.6 94.3 91.3 80.2 66.6
------- ------- ------- -------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Operating income
(loss)................. 2.8 (0.3) (2.2) (57.9) (34.2) (30.9) (20.0) (6.0)
Merger-related
expenses............... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- (4.9)
Other income (loss),
net.................... 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.9 (1.2) 1.1 0.3 0.6
------- ------- ------- -------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Income (loss) before
income taxes........... 3.9 1.0 (0.9) (56.0) (35.4) (29.8) (19.7) (10.3)
Income taxe expense
(benefit).............. 1.4 0.5 0.2 (18.7) (11.2) (9.0) (5.7) 22.4
------- ------- ------- -------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Net income (loss)....... 2.5% 0.5% (1.1)% (37.3)% (24.2)% (20.8)% (14.0)% (32.7)%
======= ======= ======= ======== ======= ======= ======= =======
30
Year 2000 Readiness Disclosure
We believe that all of our current major product offerings are Year 2000
compliant. Certain older legacy products, which we no longer sell, may not be
Year 2000 compliant. We have addressed the issue of legacy products by
publishing on our external website a notice to the effect that certain of these
products may not be Year 2000 compliant and that each customer who purchased
these products should test and, as needed, repair or replace any of them to the
extent that they are still in use. We spent approximately $1.0 million during
1999 in addressing Year 2000 compliance issues. To this date, we are not aware
of any material problems resulting from Year 2000 issues, either with our
products, our internal systems or the products and services of third parties.
European Union Currency Conversion
On January 1, 1999, 11 member nations of the European Economic and Monetary
Union began using a common currency, the euro. For a three-year transition
period ending June 30, 2002, both the euro and each of the currencies for such
member nations will remain in circulation. After June 30, 2002, the euro will
be the sole legal tender for those countries. The adoption of the euro will
affect many financial systems and business applications, as the commerce of
those countries will be transacted in both the euro and the existing national
currency during the transition period. We have subsidiary operations in three
of the eleven countries currently using the euro, France, Germany and Italy,
and we have branch operations in a fourth country, Spain. We have assessed the
potential impact of the euro conversion in a number of areas, particularly the
potential impact on pricing and other marketing strategies and on product
development. Although we do not currently expect that the conversion, either
during or after the transition period, will adversely affect our operations or
financial condition, the conversion has only recently been implemented and we
cannot be sure that it will not have some adverse impact.
Other
Our primary market risk exposures are in the areas of interest rate risk and
foreign currency exchange rate risk. Our investment portfolio of cash
equivalents and marketable securities is subject to interest rate fluctuations,
but we believe this risk is immaterial due to the short-term nature of these
investments. At December 31, 1999, we had $2.9 million of short-term and
$306,000 of long-term debt outstanding. The short-term debt was issued under
various notes payable and due to their short-term maturities, a hypothetical
10% decrease in our weighted-average short-term borrowing rate at December 31,
1999 would not have materially affected the year-end carrying value of the
debt. Our exposure to currency exchange rate fluctuations has been and is
expected to remain moderate due to the fact that the operations of our
international subsidiaries are primarily conducted in their respective local
currencies.
For U.S. federal income tax purposes we have net operating loss
carryforwards available to reduce taxable income of approximately $16.4 million
at December 31, 1999, of which $2.9 million is subject to Internal Revenue Code
Section 382. These carryforwards will begin to expire in 2004. We also have a
foreign net operating loss carryforward of approximately $845,000. Utilization
of net operating loss carryforwards is subject to an annual limitation of
approximately $772,000 under Internal Revenue Code Section 382. We have $1.5
million of tax credits which are composed of federal research and development
credits and state and local credits. These credits expire beginning in 2004.
We believe that our revenues and results of operations have not been
significantly impacted by inflation during the past three fiscal years.
31
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
-------------------------------------------
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of Natural Microsystems Corporation:
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements listed in the index
appearing under item 14(a)(1) present fairly, in all material respects, the
financial position of Natural Microsystems Corporation and its subsidiaries (the
"Company") at December 31, 1999 and 1998, the results of their operations and
their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31,
1999, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United
States. In addition, in our opinion, the financial statement schedule listed in
the index appearing under item 14(a)(2) presents fairly, in all material
respects, the information set forth therein for each of the three years in the
period ended December 31, 1999, when read in conjunction with the related
consolidated financial statements. These financial statements and the financial
statement schedule are the responsibility of the Company's management; our
responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and the
financial statement schedule based on our audits. The consolidated financial
statements and the financial statement schedule give retroactive effect to the
merger of QWES.com, Inc. in a transaction accounted for as a pooling of
interests, as described in Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements. We
conducted our audits of these statements in accordance with auditing standards
generally accepted in the United States which require that we plan and perform
the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements
are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis,
evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements,
assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by
management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We
believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for the opinion expressed
above.
PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS LLP
Boston, Massachusetts
January 24, 2000
32
NATURAL MICROSYSTEMS CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
December 31,
----------------
1998 1999
------- -------
(In thousands
except share
and
per share data)
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents.................................. $12,172 $16,617
Marketable securities...................................... 5,898 6,837
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of doubtful accounts
of $779 and $1,408, respectively.......................... 17,224 11,604
Inventories................................................ 9,773 5,393
Prepaid expenses and other assets.......................... 3,811 3,030
Income tax receivable...................................... 12 2,014
Deferred tax asset, net.................................... 2,791 --
------- -------
Total current assets..................................... 51,681 45,495
------- -------
Property and equipment, net.................................. 14,130 14,871
License agreements, net...................................... 571 267
Other assets................................................. 6,621 6,616
Goodwill, net................................................ 3,925 3,460
Deferred tax asset, net...................................... 2,022 --
------- -------
Total assets............................................. $78,950 $70,709
======= =======
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable........................................... 5,723 7,211
Accrued expenses and other liabilities..................... 7,674 9,772
Current portion of long term debt.......................... 80 2,907
------- -------
Total current liabilities................................ 13,477 19,890
Long-term debt less current portion.......................... 260 306
Commitments and contingencies (see note 15)
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $.01 par value; 3,686,086 and 3,000,000
shares authorized at December 31, 1998 and 1999,
respectively, 37,506 and 0 shares issued and outstanding
in 1998 and 1999, respectively............................ -- --
Common stock, $.01 par value; 47,469,908 and 45,000,000
shares authorized at December 31, 1998 and 1999,
respectively, 11,951,541 and 12,766,261 shares issued at
December 31, 1998 and 1999, respectively, and 11,951,541
and 12,759,807 shares outstanding at December 31, 1998 and
1999, respectively........................................ 120 128
Additional paid-in capital................................. 68,642 72,923
Accumulated deficit........................................ (3,292) (21,980)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss....................... (48) (391)
Deferred compensation...................................... (110) --
Notes receivable from common stockholders.................. (99) (99)
Treasury stock, at cost, 6,454 shares in 1999.............. -- (68)
------- -------
Total stockholders' equity................................. 65,213 50,513
------- -------
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity............... $78,950 $70,709
======= =======
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial
statements.
33
NATURAL MICROSYSTEMS CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
Year Ended December 31,
--------------------------
1997 1998 1999
------- ------- --------
(In thousands
except per share data)
Revenues............................................ $75,363 $76,529 $ 79,476
Cost of revenues.................................... 25,298 28,118 31,520
------- ------- --------
Gross profit........................................ 50,065 48,411 47,956
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative............... 22,294 33,979 39,976
Research and development.......................... 14,851 21,464 24,705
Purchased in-process research and development..... 5,601 -- --
Restructuring and other special charges........... -- 3,025 (91)
------- ------- --------
Total operating expenses........................ 42,746 58,468 64,590
------- ------- --------
Operating income (loss)............................. 7,319 (10,057) (16,634)
Interest income................................... 1,434 1,389 849
Interest expense.................................. (34) (119) (239)
Other............................................. (202) (206) (429)
Merger-related expenses........................... -- -- (1,235)
------- ------- --------
Other income (expense), net..................... 1,198 1,064 (1,054)
------- ------- --------
Income (loss) before income taxes................... 8,517 (8,993) (17,688)
Income tax expense (benefit).................... 4,758 (2,868) 1,000
------- ------- --------
Net income (loss)................................... $ 3,759 $(6,125) $(18,688)
======= ======= ========
Basic:
Net income (loss) per common share................ $ 0.36 $ (0.56) $ (1.63)
======= ======= ========
Weighted average shares outstanding............... 10,481 10,923 11,482
======= ======= ========
Diluted:
Net income (loss) per common share................ $ 0.34 $ (0.56) $ (1.63)
======= ======= ========
Weighted average shares outstanding............... 11,179 10,923 11,482
======= ======= ========
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial
statements.
34
NATURAL MICROSYSTEMS CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Accumulated
Preferred Other Notes Total
Stock Common Stock Additional Comprehensive Receivable Stock-
------------- -------------- Paid-In Accumulated Income Deferred from Common Treasury holders'
(in thousands) Shares Amount Shares Amount Capital Deficit (Loss) Compensation Stockholders Stock Equity
- ----------------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ---------- ----------- ------------- ------------ ------------ -------- --------
Balance,
December 31,
1996............ -- -- 9,936 $ 99 $53,623 $ (926) $ 86 -- -- -- $52,882
--- --- ------ ---- ------- -------- ----- ----- ---- ------ -------
Exercise of
common stock
options........ 625 6 2,985 2,991
Issuance of
common stock
under employee
purchase plan.. 67 1 1,194 1,195
Issuance of
common stock
related to
acquisition.... 160 2 7,401 7,403
Foreign currency
translation
adjustment..... (88) (88)
Net income
(loss)......... 3,759 3,759
--- --- ------ ---- ------- -------- ----- ----- ---- ------ -------
Balance,
December 31,
1997............ -- -- 10,788 $108 $65,203 $ 2,833 $ (2) -- -- -- $68,142
--- --- ------ ---- ------- -------- ----- ----- ---- ------ -------
Exercise of
common stock
options........ 164 2 1,461 1,463
Issuance of
common stock
under employee
purchase plan.. 66 1 920 921
Issuance of
common stock... 934 9 869 (102) 776
Reduction of
notes
receivable
related to
expenses of the
Company paid by
certain
stockholders... 3 3
Issuance of
preferred
stock.......... 38 35 35
Deferred
compensation... 154 (154)
Amortization of
deferred
compensation... 44 44
Foreign currency
translation
adjustment..... (46) (46)
Net income
(loss)......... (6,125) (6,125)
--- --- ------ ---- ------- -------- ----- ----- ---- ------ -------
Balance,
December 31,
1998............ 38 -- 11,952 $120 $68,642 $ (3,292) $ (48) $(110) $(99) -- $65,213
--- --- ------ ---- ------- -------- ----- ----- ---- ------ -------
Tax benefit from
stock option
exercises...... 2,165 2,165
Exercise of
common stock
options and
warrants....... 370 3 2,289 2,292
Conversion of
preferred into
common......... (38) 396 4 144 148
Amortization of
deferred
compensation... 110 110
Issuance of
common stock
under employee
purchase plan.. 54 1 235 236
Stock
repurchase..... (100) (1,058) (1,058)
Treasury Stock
used in ESPP
Plan........... 94 (552) 990 438
Foreign currency
translation
adjustment..... (436) (436)
Change in market
value of
securities
available for
sale........... 93 93
Net income
(loss)......... (18,688) (18,688)
--- --- ------ ---- ------- -------- ----- ----- ---- ------ -------
Balance, December
31, 1999........ -- -- 12,766 $128 $72,923 $(21,980) $(391) -- $(99) $ (68) $50,513
--- --- ------ ---- ------- -------- ----- ----- ---- ------ -------
Compre-
hensive
Income
(in thousands) (Loss)
- ------------------ ---------
Balance,
December 31,
1996............ $ 1,536
---------
Exercise of
common stock
options........
Issuance of
common stock
under employee
purchase plan..
Issuance of
common stock
related to
acquisition....
Foreign currency
translation
adjustment..... (88)
Net income
(loss)......... 3,759
---------
Balance,
December 31,
1997............ $ 3,671
---------
Exercise of
common stock
options........
Issuance of
common stock
under employee
purchase plan..
Issuance of
common stock...
Reduction of
notes
receivable
related to
expenses of the
Company paid by
certain
stockholders...
Issuance of
preferred
stock..........
Deferred
compensation...
Amortization of
deferred
compensation...
Foreign currency
translation
adjustment..... (46)
Net income
(loss)......... (6,125)
---------
Balance,
December 31,
1998............ $ (6,171)
---------
Tax benefit from
stock option
exercises......
Exercise of
common stock
options and
warrants.......
Conversion of
preferred into
common.........
Amortization of
deferred
compensation...
Issuance of
common stock
under employee
purchase plan..
Stock
repurchase.....
Treasury Stock
used in ESPP
Plan...........
Foreign currency
translation
adjustment..... (436)
Change in market
value of
securities
available for
sale........... 93
Net income
(loss)......... (18,688)
---------
Balance, December
31, 1999........ $(19,031)
---------
35
NATURAL MICROSYSTEMS CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
Years Ended December 31,
---------------------------
1997 1998 1999
-------- ------- --------
(In thousands)
Cash flow from operating activities:
Net income (loss)............................... $ 3,759 $(6,125) $(18,688)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to
cash provided by (used in) operating
activities:
Depreciation and amortization................. 2,995 5,635 6,581
Gain (loss) on sales of marketable
securities................................... (331) (22) 43
Loss on sale of fixed assets.................. -- (4) --
Amortization of deferred stock compensation
expense...................................... -- 44 110
Amortization of original issue discount....... -- -- 120
Purchased in-process research and
development.................................. 5,601 -- --
Deferred income taxes......................... (1) -- 4,820
Tax benefit from stock option exercises....... -- -- 2,165
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable......................... (6,572) 2,535 5,132
Inventories................................. (3,321) (1,053) 4,195
Prepaid expenses and other assets........... (1,510) (2,216) 529
Income tax receivable....................... -- 139 (2,002)
Accounts payable............................ (305) 298 1,619
Accrued expenses and other liabilities...... 2,842 (3,328) 2,975
-------- ------- --------
Cash provided by (used in) operating
activities................................ 3,157 (4,097) 7,599
-------- ------- --------
Cash flow from investing activities:
Additions to property and equipment............. (7,207) (8,618) (6,194)
Additions to license agreements................. (267) (255) (103)
Additions to goodwill for contingent payments... -- (1,923) (515)
Purchases of marketable securities.............. (32,983) (6,470) (17,326)
Proceeds for the sale of marketable securities.. 32,690 27,578 16,393
Purchase of convertible debenture............... -- (3,000) --
Proceeds from the sale of property and
equipment...................................... -- 100 61
Additions to other long term assets............. (80) (250) (56)
-------- ------- --------
Cash provided by (used in) investing
activities................................ (7,847) 7,162 (7,740)
-------- ------- --------
Cash flow from financing activities:
Payments on capital lease obligations........... -- (4) (7)
Repayment on stockholders note receivable....... -- 3 --
Payments on government advances................. (49) (125) (98)
Proceeds from the issuance of preferred stock,
net............................................ -- 812 --
Proceeds from the issuance of notes payable..... -- 100 2,256
Proceeds from issuance of common stock.......... 4,187 2,381 2,125
Repurchase of common stock...................... -- -- (1,058)
Issuance of repurchased treasury common stock... -- -- 990
Grant of non-statutory stock options............ -- 3 --
-------- ------- --------
Cash provided by financing activities...... 4,138 3,170 4,208
-------- ------- --------
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash.......... 292 (381) 378
-------- ------- --------
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash
equivalents..................................... (260) 5,854 4,445
-------- ------- --------
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year..... 6,578 6,318 12,172
-------- ------- --------
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year........... $ 6,318 $12,172 $ 16,617
======== ======= ========
Supplemental cash flow information:
Interest paid................................... $ 128 $ 134 $ 239
Taxes paid...................................... 3,748 1,551 197
Noncash transactions:
Issuance of common stock for ViaDSP
acquisition.................................... 6,903 -- --
Accrued acquisition expenses for ViaDSP
acquisition.................................... 236 -- --
Acquisition of assets under capital lease....... -- 13 --
Issuance of common stock in exchange for notes
receivable..................................... -- 102 --
Issuance of warrants............................ -- -- 147
Assets and liabilities recognized upon
acquisition of ViaDSP
Inventories..................................... 22 -- --
Other current assets............................ 35 -- --
Property and equipment.......................... 105 -- --
Purchased in-process research and development... 5,601 -- --
Intangibles..................................... 2,417 -- --
Accounts payable................................ 585 -- --
Accrued expenses and other liabilities.......... 680 -- --
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial
statements.
36
NATURAL MICROSYSTEMS CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1--Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Business Description
Natural MicroSystems Corporation (the "Company") provides enabling
technologies to the world's leading suppliers of networking and communications
equipment. Our customers incorporate our software and hardware products and
technologies into their solutions in order to enable service providers and
enterprises to rapidly and cost-effectively deploy data, voice and fax
applications and enhanced services in converged networks.
Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company
and its wholly owned subsidiaries. Intercompany balances and transactions have
been eliminated.
Reclassifications
Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current
year's presentation.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and
assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and
disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial
statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the
reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Foreign Currency Translation
Assets and liabilities of the Company's Hong Kong and Latin American
subsidiaries, which are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar,
are remeasured into U.S. dollars at rates of exchange in effect at the end of
the fiscal year, except nonmonetary assets and liabilities which are measured
using historical exchange rates. Realized and unrealized gains and losses
resulting from currency remeasurement are included in operating expenses. Such
gains and losses were not material for any period presented. The Company's
other foreign subsidiaries' operations are measured in their local currency.
Adjustments resulting from translating these subsidiaries' financial
statements to the U.S. dollar are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive
loss in total stockholders' equity. Gains and losses resulting from foreign
currency transactions are included in other income (expense), net, and were
immaterial for all years presented.
Revenue Recognition
Revenue from product sales is recorded upon completion of delivery provided
that collection is deemed probable. Service revenues are recognized ratably
over applicable contract periods or as the services are performed.
Cash Equivalents
Cash equivalents include short-term investments with remaining maturities
of three months or less at date of purchase.
Marketable Securities
Marketable securities are classified as "available for sale" and are
carried at fair market value.
37
NATURAL MICROSYSTEMS CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
Inventories
Inventories are valued at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out method) or
market.
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation is based on the
following estimated useful lives of the assets using the straight-line method:
Machinery and equipment...... 3 years
Computer equipment........... 3-5 years
Furniture and fixtures....... 5 years
Telecommunications computer
equipment................... 5 years
Leasehold improvements....... Shorter of the lease term or economic life
Expenditures for additions, renewals and betterments of property and
equipment are capitalized. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged
to expense as incurred. As assets are retired or sold, the related cost and
accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain
or loss is included in the results of operations.
Goodwill
Goodwill is amortized on a straight-line basis over its estimated useful
life. Accumulated amortization was $1.2 million and $2.2 million as of December
31, 1998 and 1999, respectively.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
The Company reviews long-lived assets, including goodwill, for impairment
whenever events or changes in business circumstances indicate that the carrying
amount of the assets may not be fully recoverable or that the useful lives of
these assets are no longer appropriate. Each impairment test is based on a
comparision of the undiscounted cash flows to the recorded value of the asset.
If an impairment is indicated, the asset is written down to its estimated fair
value on a discounted cash flow basis.
License Agreements
License agreements are stated at cost. Amortization of licenses is computed
on the shorter of a per unit sold basis or over the estimated useful lives of
these licenses.
Research and Development
All research and development costs are expensed as incurred.
Capitalized Software Development Costs
The Company capitalizes software development costs incurred after a
product's technological feasibility has been established and before it is
available for general release to customers. Amortization of capitalized
software costs and acquired completed technology is computed on an individual
product basis and is the greater of a) the ratio that current gross revenues
for a product bear to the total of current and anticipated future gross
revenues of that product or b) the straight-line method over the estimated
economic life of the product. Costs qualifying for capitalization have been
immaterial for all periods presented and accordingly have not been capitalized.
38
NATURAL MICROSYSTEMS CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
Financial Instruments
Financial instruments, primarily cash and cash equivalents, marketable
securities, accounts receivable, and long term debt, are carried at amounts
which approximate their fair value.
Income Taxes
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax
consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement
carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their tax bases.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted statutory tax
rates in effect in the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. A
deferred tax asset is established for the expected future benefit of net
operating loss and credit carry-forwards. A valuation reserve against net
deferred tax assets is required, if, based upon available evidence, it is more
likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be
realized.
Basic and Diluted Net Income (Loss) Per Common Share
Basic net income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing net income
(loss) by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the
period. Diluted net income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing the
net income (loss) by the sum of the weighted-average number of common shares
outstanding plus all additional common shares that would have been outstanding
if potentially dilutive common stock equivalents had been issued.
2--Dependence on Outside Suppliers and Contract Assembly Manufacturers
The Company relies on various suppliers of components for its products. Many
of these components are standard and generally available from multiple sources.
However, certain integrated circuits and other devices which are components of
one or more of the Company's products are purchased from single source
suppliers of the Company. Although the Company believes it could develop other
sources for each of these custom devices, the process could take several
months, and the inability or refusal of any of the Company's suppliers to
continue to supply devices could have a material adverse effect on the Company
pending the development of an alternative source. The Company also currently
relies on a single contract manufacturer to assemble certain printed circuit
boards for each of its North American and European operations. Although a
number of such contract manufacturers exist, the interruption or termination of
the Company's current manufacturing relationships could have a short-term
adverse effect on the Company's business.
3--Mergers and Acquisitions
In June 1996, the Company acquired the outstanding shares of Teknique, Inc.
and an affiliate. The final purchase price totaled $8.3 million, including
contingent payments discussed below and transaction costs of $284,000. The
transaction was accounted for as a purchase and accordingly, the purchase price
was allocated to assets purchased and liabilities assumed based on their fair
values at the date of acquisition. During the years ended December 31, 1997 and
1998, $1.9 million and $625,000 of contingent consideration was earned and
added to goodwill, which is being amortized on a straight-line basis over the
remaining life of the goodwill of seven years. There are no possible further
contingent payments.
In October 1997 the Company acquired ViaDSP, Inc. for aggregate
consideration of 144,562 shares of the Company's common stock. ViaDSP was
formed in 1996 as a spin-off of DSP Software Engineering on January 26, 1996.
ViaDSP was created to define, develop and deliver standard products for the
telecommunications markets using advanced digital signal processing technology.
The value of the transaction was $7.1 million, including approximately $236,000
of expenses related to the acquisition. The transaction was accounted for as a
purchase.
39
NATURAL MICROSYSTEMS CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
At the time of acquisition, the purchase price was allocated to the tangible
and intangible assets of ViaDSP based on the fair market value of those assets
using a risk-adjusted discounted cash flow approach. Specifically, the
purchased technology, consisting of completed technology and two separate
development projects, was evaluated through interviews. The development
projects were further subjected to analysis of data concerning the state of the
technology and needed developments. This evaluation of underlying technology
acquired considered the inherent difficulties and uncertainties in completing
the two development projects, and thereby achieving technological feasibility,
and the risks related to the viability of and potential changes in future
target markets. At the time of the acquisition, the fair value of $5.6 million
of the acquired technology that had not reached technological feasibility was
expensed as purchased in-process research and development. The underlying
technology had no alternative future use to the Company in other research and
development projects or otherwise. The completed technology was valued at $1.5
million based upon a risk adjusted discounted cash flows basis and is being
amortized to cost of revenues over a five year life. The goodwill life used is
seven years.
Total ViaDSP purchase price was allocated as follows:
in
thousands
---------
Working Capital....................................................... $ (984)
Property and equipment................................................ 105
Completed Technology.................................................. 1,468
In-process research and development................................... 5,601
Goodwill.............................................................. 949
------
$7,139
======
The unaudited proforma results listed below reflect purchase price
accounting adjustments assuming the ViaDSP acquisition occurred at the
beginning of each year presented:
Year Ended
December 31,
1997
(unaudited)
(in thousands, except per share data) ------------
Revenue............................................................ $76,529
Income before Income Taxes......................................... 8,521
Net Income......................................................... 3,762
Net Income per common share--diluted............................... $ 0.34
In December 1999, the Company acquired QWES.com, Inc. ("QWES") in a
transaction accounted for as a pooling of interests. QWES is a business in the
differentiated IP service provisioning and application traffic shaping market.
In connection with the acquisition, the Company exchanged or reserved 1,500,000
shares of its common stock for the outstanding shares, options and warrants of
QWES, at an exchange ratio of 0.1372 shares for each QWES common equivalent.
Upon effectiveness of the merger, the Company issued an aggregate of 1,449,785
shares of common stock in exchange for the outstanding shares of capital stock
of QWES, and it reserved 30,314 shares and 19,901 shares, respectively, for
issuance upon exercise of the options and warrants that it assumed from QWES.
The consolidated financial statements of the Company for 1998 have been
restated to include the financial position, results of operations and cash
flows of QWES, since QWES was incorporated in April 1998. The Company incurred
a charge of $1.2 million in the fourth quarter of 1999 consisting of investment
banking, accounting and legal fees connected with closing the QWES acquisition.
40
NATURAL MICROSYSTEMS CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
Net revenue for the combined companies in 1998 was $76.5 million which was
totally related to Natural MicroSystems, as QWES had no revenues in 1998.
Operating income (loss) for the combined companies in 1998 was ($10.1 million)
of which ($9.3 million) related to Natural MicroSystems and ($0.8 million)
related to QWES. Net income (loss) for the combined companies in 1998 was ($6.1
million) of which ($5.3 million) related to Natural MicroSystems and ($0.8
million) related to QWES.
Net revenue for the combined companies in 1999 was $79.5 million which was
totally related to Natural MicroSystems, as QWES had no revenues in 1999.
Operating income (loss) for the combined companies in 1999 was ($16.6 million)
of which ($14.2 million) related to Natural MicroSystems and ($2.4 million)
related to QWES. Net income (loss) for the combined companies in 1999 was
($18.7 million) of which ($15.9 million) related to Natural MicroSystems and
($2.8 million) related to QWES.
QWES will continue to operate as a separate operation maintaining its West
Coast location and expects to market its family of products through a dedicated
sales force.
4--Restructuring and Other Special Charges
In the fourth quarter of 1998, in response to changes in the Company's
business environment, several actions were taken to create efficiency, to
decrease cash outflows and to manage the business more effectively, that
resulted in restructuring and other special charges. To eliminate payroll and
other related expenditures, the Company reduced headcount by three senior
international managers. The accrued cost to implement this reduction was
approximately $951,000 (of which approximately $65,000 was paid in 1998). The
Company also committed to reduce future lease commitments for a new corporate
office and engineering space of which neither will be occupied. The accrued cost
to reduce or terminate these lease commitments was approximately $2.1 million.
The Company was able to buy out the lease commitment at one location and
sublease the other location at an aggregate cost of approximately $958,000,
resulting in a savings of approximately $1.1 million from the original
estimate. There is no remaining balance for the lease accruals at December 31,
1999.
In 1999, the Company completed the management reorganization and terminated
two additional senior managers. The severance costs were approximately $441,000.
In addition, in the fourth quarter of 1999, the Company incurred a special
charge of approximately $557,000 for payroll-related taxes on an option exercise
by one of the terminated managers. At December 31, 1999 the aggregate severance
accruals have a remaining accrued balance of approximately $450,000 which will
be fully paid in 2000.
5--Business and Credit Concentration
No customer accounted for 10% or more of the Company's revenues for the
years ended December 31, 1997, 1998 and 1999, respectively. The Company did
have two customers that each had ending accounts receivable balances that were
greater than 10% of the Company's balance at December 31, 1999. The Company
does not require collateral on accounts receivable or letters of credit on many
foreign export sales. The Company periodically evaluates its customers'
creditworthiness before extending credit.
41
NATURAL MICROSYSTEMS CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
6--Marketable Securities
Marketable securities categorized as "available for sale" are carried at
their fair value of $27.0 million, $5.9 million and $6.8 million at December
31, 1997, 1998 and 1999, respectively. The unrealized gain (loss) at December
31, 1999 is included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss
within total stockholders' equity. The unrealized gain (loss) was immaterial
for 1997 and 1998. Proceeds and gross realized gains (losses) from sale of
securities for the years ended December 31, 1997, 1998 and 1999, were, $32.7
million, $27.6 million and $16.4 million and $331,000, $185,000 and $0,
respectively. At December 31, 1999, all marketable securities, which consist
primarily of commercial paper, had a maturity date within one year.
7--Inventories
Inventories consist of the following:
December 31,
(in thousands) -------------
1998 1999
------ ------
Raw materials............................................... $ 967 $ 517
Work in process............................................. 5,747 2,611
Finished goods.............................................. 3,059 2,265
------ ------
$9,773 $5,393
====== ======
8--Property and Equipment
Property and equipment consist of the following:
December 31,
(in thousands) -----------------
1998 1999
-------- -------
Computer equipment..................................... $ 10,748 $14,015
Computer software...................................... 3,066 4,495
Furniture and fixtures................................. 2,683 2,331
Machinery and equipment................................ 896 1,670
Evaluation units....................................... 90 --
Leasehold improvements................................. 5,045 4,744
-------- -------
22,528 27,255
-------- -------
Less accumulated depreciation.......................... (8,398) (12,384)
-------- -------
$ 14,130 $14,871
======== =======
Depreciation and amortization expense was $3.0 million, $5.6 million and $6.6
million for the years ended December 31, 1997, 1998 and 1999, respectively.
42
NATURAL MICROSYSTEMS CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
9--Income Taxes
The components of income tax expense (benefit) consist of the following:
Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands) ---------------------------
1997 1998 1999
------- -------- --------
Current income tax expense (benefit):
Federal.................................. $ 4,161 $ (311) $ (3,927)
State.................................... 361 40 25
Foreign.................................. 237 158 89
------- -------- --------
4,759 (113) (3,813)
Deferred income tax expense (benefit):
Federal.................................. 252 (2,184) 3,340
State.................................... 61 (636) 613
Foreign.................................. (314) 65 860
------- -------- --------
(1) (2,755) 4,813
------- -------- --------
$ 4,758 $ (2,868) $ 1,000
======= ======== ========
Deferred tax assets (liabilities) consist
of the following:
Net operating loss carryforward.......... $ 1,646 $ 2,040 $ 7,211
Inventories.............................. 201 314 682
Tax credit carryforwards................. -- 370 1,547
Receivable allowances.................... 250 302 637
Accrued expenses......................... 55 1,168 (516)
Other.................................... 19 1,291 1,495
------- -------- --------
$ 2,171 $ 5,485 $ 11,056
------- -------- --------
Fixed assets............................... (117) (313) (1,048)
------- -------- --------
Valuation allowance:....................... -- (359) (10,008)
------- -------- --------
$ 2,054 $ 4,813 $ --
======= ======== ========
For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the Company has net operating loss
carryforwards of approximately $16.4 million. These carryforwards expire
beginning in 2004 and $2.9 million of such carryforwards are subject to an
annual limitation of approximately $772,000 under Internal Revenue Code Section
382. There may be further Section 382 limitations as a result of changes in
ownership. The net operating loss amount of $7.2 million includes approximately
$1.1 million which if realized through future income will be credited directly
to stockholders' equity. The Company also has a foreign net operating loss
carryforward of approximately $845,000. The Company has $1.5 million of tax
credits which is composed of federal research and development credits and state
and local credits. These credits expire beginning in 2004. At December 31, 1999,
under applicable accounting standards, management believes that the realization
of the net deferred tax asset is more unlikely than not and, accordingly, a full
valuation was established in the fourth quarter of 1999. This resulted in a
charge of $4.8 million in 1999 for the beginning of the year net deferred tax
asset. The Company also reduced its tax reserves for probable loss exposures in
the fourth quarter of 1999, which is included in the change in valuation
allowance in the tax rate reconciliation schedule.
43
NATURAL MICROSYSTEMS CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
The difference between the total expected income tax expense computed by
applying the federal income tax rate of 34.0% to income before income taxes and
the reported income tax expense is as follows:
Year Ended
December 31,
-------------------
1997 1998 1999
---- ----- -----
Computed expected tax expense at U.S. federal
statutory rate.................................. 34.0% (34.0)% (34.0)%
State income taxes, net of U.S. federal tax
benefit......................................... 5.8 (5.3) (4.9)
Rate differential of foreign operations.......... 1.1 -- 1.9
State tax credits................................ -- -- (3.4)
U.S, federal research and development credits.... (2.0) -- (3.2)
Change in valuation allowance.................... (6.0) 3.1 43.3
Exempt interest.................................. -- (1.8) --
Purchased in-process research and development.... 22.2 -- --
Nondeductible intangibles........................ 0.6 3.6 1.9
Acquisition expenses............................. -- -- 2.2
Other............................................ 0.2 2.5 1.9
---- ----- -----
Effective tax rate............................... 55.9% (31.9)% 5.7%
==== ===== =====
The domestic and foreign components of earnings before income tax were:
Year Ended December 31,
--------------------------
1997 1998 1999
(in thousands) ------- ------- --------
Domestic...................................... $ 9,157 $ (441) $(15,435)
Foreign....................................... (640) (8,552) (2,253)
------- ------- --------
$ 8,517 $(8,993) $(17,688)
======= ======= ========
10--Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities
Components of accrued expenses and other liabilities consist of the
following:
December 31,
-------------
1998 1999
(in thousands) ------ ------
Accrued compensation and related expenses.................. $1,547 $6,314
Income taxes payable....................................... 838 114
Accrued restructuring and other special charges............ 2,960 450
Other liabilities.......................................... 2,329 2,894
------ ------
$7,674 $9,772
====== ======
44
NATURAL MICROSYSTEMS CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
11--Indebtedness
Bank Lines of Credit
The Company established a new $7.5 million bank line of credit for working
capital purposes effective May 14, 1999. Borrowings under the line of credit
bear interest at the bank's floating rate of prime plus one percent. The
Company is subject to covenants requiring maintenance of certain profitability,
equity and liquidity ratios. As of December 31, 1999, the Company is currently
compliant with all covenants under the line, and there are no amounts currently
outstanding. This agreement is subject to renewal on May 13, 2000.
As part of the acquisition of QWES, the Company assumed its outstanding debt
which consisted of promissory notes and notes payable. The total amount of debt
outstanding at December 31, 1999 was $2.5 million from the QWES acquisition.
The debt bears interest ranging from 8.0% to 10.0% per annum. At December 31,
1999, $2.2 million of the debt matures on various dates in 2000 and is included
in the current portion of long-term debt, and the remaining amount of $275,000
is included in long-term debt less current portion and matures in 2002. The
acquisition of QWES caused the Company to be in default of a covenant with one
of the lenders, however, as a condition of the acquisition being consummated,
the lender waived the default. In connection with the issuance of some of the
notes, the Company issued warrants to purchase 84,835 shares of common stock of
the Company at an exercise price of $.07 per share for 70,542 shares and $7.87
per share for the remaining 14,293 shares. The warrants are exercisable in
whole or in part at any time from the date of the grant and expire four years
from the date of grant. At December 31, 1999, warrants to purchase 19,901
shares were outstanding. The estimated fair value of the warrants aggregating
approximately $147,000, has been reflected as original issue discount reducing
the carrying value of the notes on the accompanying balance sheet and is being
amortized to interest expense over the respective lives of the notes.
The Company has a 2.0 million French franc ($309,000 at December 31, 1999)
line of credit with a European bank. At December 31, 1999, there were no
borrowings outstanding under this line. Borrowings under this line bear
interest at rates ranging from 7.5% to 9.0%. Borrowings are collateralized by
certain of the Company's assets.
Included in debt is a government advance of $231,000 and $31,000 at December
31, 1998 and 1999, respectively. This represents an interest free loan from the
French government repayable from the proceeds of export sales from France.
12--Profit Sharing Plans
The Company has established a 401(k) cash or deferred profit sharing plan
covering all eligible full-time employees of the Company. Contributions to the
401(k) plan are made by the participants to their individual accounts through
payroll withholding. Additionally, the plan provides for the Company to make
profit sharing contributions to the plan in amounts at the discretion of
management. The employer contribution for the years ended December 31, 1997,
1998 and 1999 was $258,000, $416,000 and $452,000, respectively.
The Company currently matches contributions each pay period at 50.0% of the
employee's contributions up to 6.0% of the employee's compensation, not to
exceed the federal limit of $10,000 per calendar year.
45
NATURAL MICROSYSTEMS CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
13--Basic and Diluted Net Income (Loss) Per Common Share
The following is a reconciliation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per
common share computations for net income, pursuant to SFAS 128:
Year Ended December 31, 1999
--------------------------------
Income Per
(loss) Shares Share
(Numerator) (Denominator) Amount
---------- ------------ ------
(In thousands except for share
and per share data)
Basic net income (loss) per
common share......................... $(18,688) 11,482,342 $(1.63)
Effect of dilutive securities (stock
options)............................. -- -- --
-------- ---------- ------
Diluted net income (loss) per
common share......................... $(18,688) 11,482,342 $(1.63)
======== ========== ======
Year Ended December 31, 1998
--------------------------------
Income Per
(loss) Shares Share
(Numerator) (Denominator) Amount
---------- ------------ ------
Basic net income (loss) per
common share......................... $ (6,125) 10,923,261 $(0.56)
Effect of dilutive securities (stock
options)............................. -- -- --
-------- ---------- ------
Diluted net income (loss) per
common share......................... $ (6,125) 10,923,261 $(0.56)
======== ========== ======
Year Ended December 31, 1997
--------------------------------
Income Per
(loss) Shares Share
(Numerator) (Denominator) Amount
---------- ------------ ------
Basic net income (loss) per
common share......................... $ 3,759 10,481,340 $ 0.36
Effect of dilutive securities (stock
options)............................. -- 697,887 --
-------- ---------- ------
Diluted net income (loss) per
common share......................... $ 3,759 11,179,227 $ 0.34
======== ========== ======
The effect of dilutive options excludes those stock options for which the
impact would have been anti-dilutive based on the exercise price of the
options. The number of options that were anti-dilutive at December 31, 1997,
1998 and 1999 were 75,950, 3,349,701 and 2,748,488, respectively.
14--Stock Option and Stock Purchase Plans
1989 Stock Option and Stock Purchase Plan
In July 1989, the Company's Board of Directors adopted the 1989 Stock Option
and Stock Purchase Plan (the "1989 Plan"), which permitted both incentive and
non-statutory options exercisable for the purchase of shares of common stock to
be granted to employees, directors and consultants of the Company. In October
1993, the Board of Directors amended the 1989 Plan to provide that no further
options were to be granted under the 1989 Plan after the effective date of the
Company's initial public offering.
1993 Stock Option Plan
In October 1993, the Company's Board of Directors adopted the 1993 Stock
Option Plan (the "1993 Plan"). The 1993 Plan permits both incentive and non-
statutory options to be granted to
46
NATURAL MICROSYSTEMS CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
employees, directors and consultants. In March 1998, the Board of Directors
adopted and in April 1998, the Company's stockholders approved (i) an increase
in the number of shares available under the 1993 Plan from 1.5 million to 1.9
million and (ii) a requirement that the exercise price of options granted under
the 1993 Plan be at least equal to the fair market value of the Company's
common stock on the date of grant.
1993 Non-Employee Directors Stock Option Plan
In October 1993, the Company's Board of Directors adopted the 1993 Non-
Employee Directors Stock Option Plan (the "Directors Plan") which provides for
the purchase of up to 120,000 shares of common stock pursuant to the grant of
non-statutory stock options to directors who are not employees of the Company.
In March 1996 the Board of Directors adopted and in May 1996 the Company's
stockholders approved (i) an increase in the number of shares for which options
shall be granted to newly elected non-employee directors from 10,000 to 15,000
and (ii) an increase in the number of shares for which options shall be granted
to incumbent non-employee directors from 2,000 to 5,000. In March 1999, the
Board of Directors adopted and in April 1999, the Company's stockholders
approved an increase in the number of shares available under the Directors Plan
from 120,000 to 240,000 shares. The exercise price of the options may not be
less than 100% of the fair market value of the Company's common stock on the
date of the grant. As of December 31, 1999, 140,000 shares had been granted at
prices ranging from $4.88 to $49.25 per share.
1995 Non-Statutory Stock Option Plan
In October 1995, the Company's Board of Directors adopted the 1995 Non-
Statutory Stock Option Plan (the "1995 Plan"). The 1995 Plan permits non-
statutory options to be granted to non-executive officer employees and
consultants of the Company. In April 1998, the Board of Directors amended the
plan to increase the number of shares available for purchases to 1,300,000
shares of common stock, and in March 1999, the Board of Directors amended the
plan to increase the number of shares available for purchases to 1,800,000
shares of common stock. The exercise price of non-statutory options may not be
less than 100% of the fair market value of the company's common stock on the
date of grant.
Year Ended Year Ended Year Ended
December 31, 1997 December 31, 1998 December 31, 1999
------------------------- -------------------------- -------------------------
Weighted Weighted Weighted
Average Average Average
Options Exercise Price Options Exercise Price Options Exercise Price
--------- -------------- ---------- -------------- --------- --------------
Outstanding at beginning
of period.............. 2,087,157 $10.28 1,766,251 $15.68 2,364,508 $11.39
Granted................. 338,155 28.66 1,932,035 16.39 1,030,447 9.87
Exercised............... (622,772) 4.77 (171,309) 9.19 (303,561) 7.36
Forfeited or expired.... (36,289) 15.89 (1,162,469) 26.64 (343,044) 9.58
--------- ------ ---------- ------ --------- ------
Outstanding at end of
period................. 1,766,251 15.68 2,364,508 11.39 2,748,350 11.47
--------- ------ ---------- ------ --------- ------
Exercisable at end of
period................. 609,092 $10.76 824,229 $10.93 1,176,460 $11.50
========= ====== ========== ====== ========= ======
47
NATURAL MICROSYSTEMS CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
The following table summarizes information concerning currently outstanding
and exercisable options as of December 31, 1999:
Weighted
Average Weighted Weighted
Range of Remaining Average Average
Exercise Number Contractual Exercise Number Exercise
Prices Outstanding Life Price Exercisable Price
- ------------- ----------- ----------- -------- ----------- --------
$ 0.17-$10.00 1,195,654 7.9 $ 6.26 470,688 $ 6.50
$10.01-$20.00 1,275,222 6.8 11.29 591,291 12.08
$20.01-$30.00 105,893 6.8 25.44 85,667 25.53
$30.01-$40.00 50,831 8.4 35.00 17,977 34.31
$40.01-$50.00 120,750 9.7 44.27 10,837 48.94
--------- --- ------ --------- ------
2,748,350 7.4 $11.47 1,176,460 $11.50
========= === ====== ========= ======
Other Stock Option Information
On July 9, 1998, the Company gave certain holders of stock options,
including executive officers, the opportunity to exchange options for new
options with a lower exercise price and with a new vesting schedule beginning
on the grant date of the new options. The Company believes the repricing
restored the long term incentive element of its stock option programs. The
options were valued at $10.19, which reflects the market closing price on the
date of the re-pricing. There were 1,040,639 options that were exchanged at
exercise prices ranging from $12.31 to $48.62. Prior to this event, the Company
had never engaged in a repricing of common stock options.
All options granted under the various plans administered by the Company have
a vesting life not to exceed four years. These options have an expiration date
of ten years from the date of grant, with the exception of all repriced
options, which have an expiration date of seven years from the date of grant.
The Company applies Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25 "Accounting
for Stock Issued to Employees" and related interpretations in accounting for
its stock option and employee stock purchase plan.
The weighted average fair value at date of grant for stock options granted
during the years ended December 31, 1997, 1998 and 1999 was $14.95, $3.33 and
$6.83, respectively. Had compensation cost for the Company's stock option
grants been determined based on the fair value at the grant dates, as
calculated in accordance with SFAS No.123, the Company's net income (loss), and
net income (loss) per diluted common share for the years ended December 31,
1997, 1998 and 1999, would have been $571,000, ($8.2 million) and ($23.6
million) and $0.05, ($0.75) and ($2.06), respectively. The fair value of each
option granted during the years ended December 31, 1997, 1998 and 1999 is
estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model
with the following assumptions; an expected life of five years, no dividend
yield, 50.0% expected volatility in 1997 and 1998 and 80.0% in 1999, and a risk
free interest rate of 6.6% for 1997, 5.6% for 1998 and 6.4% for 1999.
48
NATURAL MICROSYSTEMS CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
The effects of applying SFAS No.123 in the disclosure are not indicative of
future amounts. SFAS No.123 does not apply to awards prior to 1995 and
additional awards in future years are anticipated.
1993 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
The 1993 Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("Purchase Plan"), which was adopted
by the Board of Directors in 1993 and amended by the Company's stockholders in
1996, permits employees and officers of the Company to participate in periodic
plan offerings, in which payroll deductions may be used to purchase shares of
common stock. The purchase price is 85% of the lower of the fair market value
at the date the offering commences or terminates. The Company reserved 400,000
shares for the Purchase Plan. In March 1999, the Board of Directors adopted and
in April 1999, the Company's stockholders approved an increase in the number of
shares available under the Purchase Plan from 400,000 to 700,000 shares. As of
December 31, 1999, 292,864 shares have been issued under the Purchase Plan at
prices ranging from $4.36 to $48.62 per share.
Restricted Stock Awards
On April 3, 1998, QWES.com, Inc. issued 933,762 shares of restricted common
stock at a fair value of $0.11 per share to its founders. The stock was
scheduled to vest over a three-year period, but vested in full when the Company
acquired QWES in December 1999.
15--Commitments
The Company leases its current manufacturing and office facilities under
non-cancelable leases extending to April 30, 2012. The Company occupies other
facilities under leases, which expire within one year. Rental expenses under
all operating lease agreements in effect during December 31, 1997, 1998 and
1999 amount to approximately $1.2 million, $1.3 million and $1.8 million,
respectively.
The Company currently has a sublease on one of its facilities located in
Schaumburg, Illinois. The lease calls for payments of $5.6 million over a nine-
year period beginning in November 1999. These payments over time would reduce
the overall lease burden of the Company to $17.5 million. Due to the acquisition
of QWES, the Company is currently looking for a new facility in the Tustin,
California area to replace its current facility. QWES's current lease expires in
February 2000.
The Company has various other facilities throughout North America, Europe
and Asia that have short term leases and act as sales offices. The Company
believes that the existing facilities are adequate for our current needs and
that suitable space will be available to meet future needs.
At December 31, 1999, commitments under operating leases for minimum future
payments consist of the following:
Leases
(in thousands) -------
Year ending December 31,
2000........................... $ 2,148
2001........................... 2,316
2002........................... 2,304
2003........................... 2,047
2004........................... 2,009
Thereafter..................... 12,247
-------
$23,071
=======
49
NATURAL MICROSYSTEMS CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
16--Segment and Geographic Information
The Company manages its business on the basis of geographic area. See Note 1
for a description of the Company's business. All intercompany revenues and
expenses are eliminated in computing revenues and operating income. As of
December 31, 1999 the Company has operations established in 12 countries
outside the United States and its products are sold throughout the world. The
Company is exposed to the risk of changes in social, political and economic
conditions inherent in foreign operations and the Company's results of
operations and the value of its foreign assets are affected by fluctuations in
foreign currency exchange rates. Net sales by geographic region are presented
by attributing revenues from external customers on the basis of where products
are sold. "Other" includes the regions of Asia and Latin America.
North America Europe Other Corporate Total
------------- ------- ------- --------- --------
(in thousands)
Net Sales to
unaffiliated customers:
1999.................. $ 57,664 $14,329 $ 7,483 $ 79,476
1998.................. 55,906 11,772 8,851 76,529
1997.................. 54,358 11,393 9,612 75,363
Income (loss) from
operations:
1999.................. $(16,780) $ (608) $ 754 $(16,634)
1998.................. (1,283) (4,208) (4,566) (10,057)
1997.................. 7,900 (1,876) 1,295 7,319
Segment assets:
1999.................. $ 47,287 $ 9,764 $ 1,355 $12,303 $ 70,709
1998.................. 51,655 9,540 1,086 16,669 78,950
1997.................. 45,242 7,616 800 28,035 81,693
Long-lived assets:
1999.................. $ 30,901 $ 2,522 $ 503 $ 33,926
1998.................. 27,035 2,532 554 30,121
1997.................. 17,441 1,940 188 19,569
Capital expenditures:
1999.................. $ 5,668 $ 423 $ 103 $ 6,194
1998.................. 7,354 909 355 8,618
1997.................. 6,724 408 75 7,207
Depreciation and
amortization expense:
1999.................. $ 6,028 $ 497 $ 56 $ 6,581
1998.................. 5,074 459 102 5,635
1997.................. 2,570 351 74 2,995
Included in North America are the United States and Canada. Net sales to
unaffiliated customers from North America were $54.4 million, $55.9 million and
$57.7 million for the years ended December 31, 1997, 1998 and 1999,
respectively. There are no other countries that had material net sales to
unaffiliated customers or long-lived assets.
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and
---------------------------------------------------------------
Financial Disclosure.
- --------------------
None.
50
Natural MicroSystems Corporation
Valuation and Qualifying Accounts Schedule VIII
Col. A Col. B Col. C Col. D Col. E
------- ------- ------ ------ ------
Allowance for Balance at Balance at
doubtful accounts beginning of year Additions Deductions (1) end of year
----------------- --------- -------------- -----------
12/31/97 $684,625 $ 510,793 $553,500 $ 641,918
12/31/98 $641,918 $ 755,448 $618,369 $ 778,997
12/31/99 $778,997 $1,235,480 $605,993 $1,408,483
(1) Amounts include write-offs of accounts receivable deemed to be
uncollectable.
51
PART III
Item 10. Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant.
---------------------------------------------------
The following table lists our executive officers and directors as of
December 31, 1999.
Name Age Position
---- --- --------
Robert P. Schechter 51 Chairman of the Board, President and
Chief Executive Officer
Robert E. Hult 52 Senior Vice President of Finance and
Operations, Chief Financial Officer and
Treasurer
George D. Kontopidis, Ph.D. 45 Senior Vice President of Engineering
Dorothy A. Terrell 54 Senior Vice President of Worldwide Sales
and Services and President of the
Services Group
R. Brough Turner 53 Senior Vice President of Technology
Alex N. Braverman 40 Vice President and Corporate Controller
Dianne L. Callan 54 Vice President and General Counsel
Allen P. Carney 49 Vice President of Marketing
Joel A. Hughes 35 Vice President of Business Development
James E. Toale 46 Vice President of Human Resources
Charles J. Walker 54 Vice President and General Manager,
PolicyPoint Division
Zenas W. Hutcheson, III 46 Director
W. Frank King, Ph.D. 60 Director
Pamela D. A. Reeve 50 Director
Ronald W. White 59 Director
Each member of our board of directors is elected at the annual meeting of
stockholders and holds office for three years and until his or her successor is
elected and qualified.
Mr. Schechter has served as a member of the Board, President and Chief
Executive Officer of Natural MicroSystems since April 1995 and as Chairman of
the Board since March 1996. From 1987 to 1994, Mr. Schechter held various
senior executive positions with Lotus Development Corporation and from 1980 to
1987 he was a partner of Coopers and Lybrand LLP. Mr. Schechter is also a
director of Infinium Software, Inc., a developer of enterprise-level business
software applications.
Mr. Hult joined Natural MicroSystems as Vice President of Finance, Chief
Financial Officer and Treasurer in October 1998 and became Senior Vice
President of Finance and Operations in April 1999. From 1996 to 1998 he held
numerous senior executive positions at AltaVista Search Service (a division of
Digital Equipment Corporation), departing as Chief Operating Officer, Chief
Financial Officer and General Manager. He served Digital Equipment Corporation
in a variety of financial executive positions from 1972 to 1995.
Dr. Kontopidis has served as our Vice President of Engineering of the
Company since January 1989 and became Senior Vice President of Engineering in
April 1999. From 1984 until 1989, he was director of engineering of the Sea
Data Division of Pacer Systems, Inc., a maker of oceanographic instruments.
Ms. Terrell joined Natural MicroSystems as our Senior Vice President of
Corporate Operations and President of the Services Group in February 1998, and
became Senior Vice President of Worldwide Sales and Services and President of
the Services Group in April 1999. From 1991 until 1997, she was President of
Sun Express, Inc., the after-marketing and online services company of
52
Sun Microsystems, Inc. Ms. Terrell is also a director of Sears Roebuck and
Company, General Mills, Inc. and Herman Miller, Inc., a maker of office
furniture.
Mr. Turner, a co-founder of Natural MicroSystems, has served as our Senior
Vice President of Technology since 1994. He served as Vice President of
Operations from 1983 to 1994.
Mr. Braverman has served as our Vice President and Corporate Controller
since February 1999. From 1994 to 1998, Mr. Braverman held senior financial
executive positions at Concentra Corporation, a developer of sales and
engineering software automation products, most recently as Vice President,
Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer. From 1988 to 1994, Mr. Braverman was
Controller of Artel Communications Corporation, a manufacturer of networking
products.
Ms. Callan has served as our Vice President and General Counsel since April
1997. She was Deputy General Counsel of Lotus Development Corporation from 1986
to 1996.
Mr. Carney has served as our Vice President of Marketing since April 1996.
From 1992 to 1996, Mr. Carney held various marketing positions including Vice
President, Applications Marketing and Vice President of International Marketing
at Lotus Development Corporation. From 1982 to 1992, Mr. Carney held various
marketing positions including Vice President, European Operations with Atex,
Inc., a turnkey supplier of pre-press automation systems.
Mr. Hughes has served as Vice President of Business Development since
October 1999. He joined Natural MicroSystems in 1997 as part of the acquisition
of ViaDSP, Inc., which he founded in 1996 and of which he served as President.
Mr. Hughes was a founder of DSP Software Engineering in 1989 and served as its
Vice President of Consulting until 1996.
Mr. Toale has served as our Vice President, Human Resources since August
1998. From 1984 to 1998 he held various positions in human resources for
Digital Equipment Corporation, most recently Vice President, Human Resources
for Digital's AltaVista division.
Mr. Walker, Vice President and General Manager of the PolicyPoint Division,
joined Natural MicroSystems in December 1999 as part of its acquisition of
QWES.com, Inc., which he founded in April 1998 and of which he served as
Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer. Prior to founding QWES, he was
Senior Vice President of Engineering at Ascom Timeplex. He joined Ascom
Timeplex in 1990 as part of its acquisition of Doelz Networks, a pioneering
company of asynchronous transfer mode technology, which he founded in 1977 and
of which he was Vice President of Engineering. Mr. Walker is also a director of
ASI Wireless Inc., a provider of support services for wireless service
providers.
Mr. Hutcheson has served as a director of Natural MicroSystems since 1989.
He has been, since September 1998, a general partner of St. Paul Venture
Capital, a venture capital firm. From 1982 to 1998, Mr. Hutcheson was president
of Hutcheson & Co., Inc., a management consulting firm.
Dr. King has served as a director of Natural MicroSystems since 1997. He has
been, since November 1998, a private investor. From 1992 to 1998, he was Chief
Executive Officer of PSW Technologies, Inc. (formerly a division of Pencom,
Inc.), a provider of software services. From 1988 to 1992, Dr. King was Senior
Vice President of Development of Lotus Development Corporation, and for the
previous 19 years he served in various positions with IBM Corporation,
including his last position as Vice President of Development for the entry
system division. He is also a director of Auspex Systems, Inc., a provider of
network-attached storage devices; eOn Communications Corporation, formerly known
as Cortelco Systems, Inc., a provider of telecommunications applications;
Excalibur Technologies Corporation, a developer of
53
document management software; PSW Technologies, Inc.; Best Software, Inc., a
supplier of corporate resource management software solutions; and Perficient,
Inc., a provider of virtual professional services organizations to Internet
software companies.
Ms. Reeve has served as a director of Natural MicroSystems since 1997. She
has served, since September 1993, as Chief Executive Officer and a director
and, from 1989 to September 1993, as President, Chief Operating Officer and a
director of Lightbridge, Inc., a provider of products and services which enable
wireless telecommunications carriers to improve customer acquisition and
retention processes. From 1978 to 1989, she was with The Boston Consulting
Group, a management consulting firm. Ms. Reeve is a director of WebLink
Wireless, Inc., formerly known as PageMart Wireless, Inc., a provider of
wireless messaging services.
Mr. White has served as a director of Natural MicroSystems since 1988. Since
October 1997, he has been a partner of GSM Capital, a venture capital fund
focused on wireless technology. Since 1983, Mr. White has been a partner of
Advanced Technology Development Fund, a venture capital firm. Mr. White is also
a director of Preferred Networks, Inc., a provider of paging services.
Item 11. Executive Compensation.
-----------------------
The information appearing under the caption "Executive Compensation" (other than
the information appearing under the captions "Compensation Committee Report on
Executive Compensation" and "Comparison of Cumulative Total Stockholder Return")
of the Company's Proxy Statement for its Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be
held April 28, 2000 is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management.
---------------------------------------------------------------
The information appearing under the caption "Stock Ownership of Directors,
Executive Officers and Principal Stockholders" of the Company's Proxy Statement
for its Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held April 28, 2000 is incorporated
herein by reference.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions.
-----------------------------------------------
The information appearing under the caption "Certain Relationships and Related
Transactions" of the Company's Proxy Statement for is Annual Meeting of
Stockholders to be held April 28, 2000 is incorporated herein by reference.
54
PART IV
Item 14. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules and Reports on FORM 8K.
---------------------------------------------------------------
(a) (1) Financial Statements
- -----------------------------
The following are included in Part II of this report:
Report of Independent Accountants
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 1998 and 1999.
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 1997,
1998 and 1999.
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the Years Ended December 31,
1997, 1998 and 1999.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flow for the Years Ended December 31, 1997, 1998
and 1999.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
(a) (2) Financial Statement Schedules
The following are included on the indicated pages of this report:
Page No.
--------
Report of Independent Accountants on Schedule 32
Schedule VIII Valuation and Qualifying Accounts 51
Schedules not listed above are omitted because they are not required or because
the required information is given in the Consolidated Financial Statements or
Notes thereto.
(a) (3) Exhibits
The Exhibit Index, appearing after the signature page on sequentially numbered
page 57, is incorporated herein by reference.
(a) (4) Reports on Form 8-K
None.
55
Signatures
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed
on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
NATURAL MICROSYSTEMS CORPORATION
By: /s/ Robert P. Schechter
----------------------------------
Robert P. Schechter
President, Chief Executive Officer
and Chairman of the Board
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report
has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant in
the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Signature Title Date
/s/ Robert P. Schechter
- ------------------------------------ President, Chief Executive Officer and January 24, 2000
Robert P. Schechter Chairman of the Board of Directors
(Principal Executive Officer)
/s/ Robert E. Hult
- ------------------------------------ Senior Vice President of Finance and Operations, January 24, 2000
Robert E. Hult Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
(Principal Financial Officer)
/s/ Alex N. Braverman
- ------------------------------------ Vice President and Corporate Controller January 24, 2000
Alex N. Braverman (Chief Accounting Officer)
/s/ Zenas W. Hutcheson III
- ------------------------------------ Director January 24, 2000
Zenas W. Hutcheson III
/s/ W. Frank King, Ph.D.
- ------------------------------------ Director January 24, 2000
W. Frank King, Ph.D.
/s/ Pamela D. A. Reeve
- ------------------------------------ Director January 24, 2000
Pamela D. A. Reeve
/s/ Ronald W. White
- ------------------------------------ Director January 24, 2000
Ronald W. White
56
Natural MicroSystems Corporation
Exhibit Index
The Company will furnish to any stockholder who so requests, a copy of this
Annual Report on Form 10-K, as amended, including a copy of any exhibit listed
below, provided that the Company may require payment of a reasonable fee not to
exceed its cost of furnishing such exhibit.
Exhibit
No. Title
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*2.4 Agreement and Plan of Merger and Reorganization dated as of
November 30, 1999 by and among the Registrant, NMS California
Acquisition Corp. and QWES.com, Inc. (filed with the Registrant's Form
8-K dated January 13, 2000).
*2.5 Amendment to Agreement and Plan of Merger and Reorganization dated as
of December 15, 1999 by and among the Registrant, NMS California
Acquisition Corp., QWES.com, Inc. and NMS Delaware Acquisition
Corp. (filed with the Registrant's Form 8-K dated January 13, 2000).
*3.1 Fourth Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant (filed
with the Registrant's Form 10K for the year ended December 31, 1995).
*3.2 By-laws of Registrant, as amended (filed with the Registrant's
registration statement on Form S-1 (#33-72596)).
*4.1 Specimen Certificate for the Common Stock (filed with the
Registrant's registration statement on Form S-1 (#33-72596)).
*10.3 Agreement dated as of February 28, 1992 between Registrant and Eltron
Associates (filed with the Registrant's registration statement on
Form S-1 (#33-72596)).
#*10.11 1989 Stock Option and Stock Purchase Plan, as amended (filed with the
Registrant's registration statement on Form S-1 (#33-72596)).
#*10.12 1993 Stock Option Plan, as amended and restated (filed with the
Registrant's registration statement on Form S-8 (333-57141)).
#*10.13 1993 Employee Stock Purchase Plan as amended and restated (filed with
the Registrant's registration statement on Form S-8 (333-57141)).
#*10.14 1993 Non-Employee Directors Stock Option Plan as amended and
restated (filed with the Registrant's registration statement on Form
S-8 (333-57141)).
*10.18 Lease Amendment between Registrant and Lillian Greene dated April 4,
1995 (filed with the Registrant's Form 10-Q for the quarter ended
June 31, 1995).
#*10.19 1995 Non-Statutory Stock Option Plan, as amended and restated (filed
with the Registrant's registration statement on Form S-8 (333-57141)).
*10.20 Lease Amendment between Registrant and National Development of New
England, LLC dated October 1996 (filed with the Registrant's Form 10-K
for the year ended December 31, 1996).
*10.21 Loan Modification Agreement dated May 17, 1996 between Registrant and
Silicon Valley Bank (filed with the Registrant's Form 10-Q for the
quarter ended June 30, 1996).
*10.22 Turnkey Manufacturing Agreement dated June 1, 1996 between the
Registrant and Sanmina Corporation.
21.1 Subsidiaries of the Company.
23.1 Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP.
27.1 Financial Data Schedule.
* Previously filed with the registration statement or report indicated.
# Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
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