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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
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FORM 10-K
(MARK ONE)
/X/ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2000.
OR
/ / TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM ______________ TO ______________ .
COMMISSION FILE NUMBER 000-29661
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UTSTARCOM, INC.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
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DELAWARE 52-1782500
(State or other jurisdiction of (I.R.S. Employer Identification
incorporation or organization) Number)
1275 HARBOR BAY PARKWAY, ALAMEDA, 94502
CALIFORNIA (Zip Code)
(Address of principal executive
offices)
Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (510) 864-8800
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: NONE
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: Common Stock,
$0.00125 par value
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Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports
required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such
filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes /X/ No / /
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item
405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the
best of Registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements
incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this
Form 10-K. / /
The aggregate market value of voting stock held by non-affiliates of the
registrant as of January 31, 2001, was approximately $846,164,868 based upon the
closing price of $25.625 reported for such date on The Nasdaq National Market.
For purposes of this disclosure, shares of Common Stock held by persons who hold
more than 5% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock and shares held by
officers and directors of the registrant, have been excluded in that such
persons may be deemed to be affiliates. This determination is not necessarily
conclusive.
As of January 31, 2001, registrant had outstanding 95,810,101 shares of
Common Stock.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be
held on May 11, 2001 are incorporated herein by reference in Part III.
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UTSTARCOM, INC.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
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PART I.
Item 1. Business.................................................... 3
Item 2. Facilities.................................................. 22
Item 3. Legal Proceedings........................................... 23
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders......... 23
Executive Officers.......................................... 23
PART II.
Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity and Related
Stockholder Matters....................................... 25
Item 6. Selected Financial Data..................................... 26
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition
and Results of Operations................................. 27
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market
Risks..................................................... 52
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data................. 53
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting
and Financial Disclosure.................................. 83
PART III.
Item 10. Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant.......... 84
Item 11. Executive Compensation...................................... 84
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and
Management................................................ 84
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions.............. 84
PART IV.
Item 14. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules, and Reports on Form
8-K....................................................... 84
Exhibit Index............................................... 85
Signatures.................................................. 89
PART I
FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within
the meaning of the federal securities laws. These statements include those
concerning the following: our expectation of growth in demand for voice and data
communications services and products in China and developing nations; our
expectation of growth in the Chinese economy; our expectation that China will
enter the World Trade Organization; our plan to expand our presence and increase
investments in mainland China; our plan to leverage our installed base of
systems and service provider relationships in China to deliver capabilities such
as broadband and high-speed wireless data services; our expectation that our PAS
network access system will continue to be allowed in China's county-level cities
and counties and on a limited basis in certain large and medium-sized cities;
our plans for penetration in other high-growth communications markets; our
expectation that we will have permanent staff assigned to a UTStarcom office in
New Delhi by mid-year 2001; our expectation of growth in voice and data
communication technologies, including in IP-based switching; our expectation of
continued significant investments in research and development; our plan to
develop and introduce future products and technologies, including additional
functionality for our WACOS IP-based switching platform; our intention to expand
our manufacturing capabilities; our intention to develop the capacity to
manufacture our own wireless handsets; our expectation that we will fill the
majority of our current backlog orders during the 2001 fiscal year; our
expectations regarding our future investment activities; and our belief that
existing cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments and cash from
operations will be sufficient to finance our operations through at least the
next 12 months. These statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that
could cause actual results and events to differ materially.
For a detailed discussion of these risks and uncertainties, see the "Factors
Affecting Future Operating Results" section of this Form 10-K. UTStarcom
undertakes no obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect events
or circumstances occurring after the date of this Form 10-K.
ITEM 1--BUSINESS
OVERVIEW
We provide communications equipment for service providers that operate
wireless and wireline networks in rapidly growing communications markets. To
date, substantially all of our sales have been to service providers in Mainland
China. Our integrated suite of network access systems, optical transmission
products and subscriber terminal products allow service providers to offer
efficient and expandable voice, data and Internet access services. Because our
systems are based on key international communications standards, service
providers can easily integrate our systems into their existing networks and
deploy our systems in new broadband, Internet Protocol (IP), and wireless
network rollouts.
Our integrated suite of products consists of PAS, AN-2000, OMUX and WACOS.
Our PAS network access system allows service providers to offer voice and data
services over fixed wireless and city-wide wireless mobile networks. With
approximately 3.0 million lines installed in 90 cities, and based on our
knowledge of China's communications market, we believe that PAS is the most
widely deployed wireless local access system in China. For wireline networks, we
provide a broadband-ready access system called AN-2000. Nearly 2.3 million lines
of our wireline AN-2000 access system have been deployed in China, including
deployments in the six largest regional communications markets. Our optical
multiplexing, or OMUX, products provide optical transmission and are often
bundled with our AN-2000 and PAS systems. The OMUX, either as a stand-alone or
bundled product, is currently installed at over 5,000 locations for over 200
communications service providers. Our newest product, WACOS, is an IP-based
switch designed to deliver multiple voice and data services using a highly
distributed architecture. We began initial shipments of WACOS in 2000. Our
access and switching
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systems are currently designed to address the unique performance requirements of
rapidly expanding communications infrastructure markets such as China.
INDUSTRY BACKGROUND
COMMUNICATIONS NEEDS OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES. Demand for voice and data
communications services in developing nations continues to grow rapidly and is
driven by both public sector infrastructure investment and private sector
business growth. The governments of many developing countries have identified
the development of a communications infrastructure as a key driver of
modernization and economic growth. According to a 1998 report by the
International Telecommunication Union, developing countries are investing in
communications infrastructure at a rate of $53.1 billion annually, representing
31.9% of all communications infrastructure spending worldwide. Governments are
increasingly implementing and funding infrastructure development through
privatization of state-owned telecommunications service providers. These service
providers, in turn, are deploying advanced networks for voice and data services.
In addition, increasingly affluent businesses and residential consumers in the
highest growth regions of these countries are demanding state-of-the-art voice
and data communications solutions to interact and compete on a global basis.
GROWTH IN CHINA'S COMMUNICATIONS MARKET. China has one of the fastest
growing communications markets in the world. Growth in China's communications
equipment and services markets is being driven by the government's commitment to
developing a communications infrastructure, pent-up demand for communication
services and robust economic growth. Dataquest estimates that the market for
communications equipment and services in China will grow from $44.2 billion in
1998 to $89.9 billion in 2002, representing a compound annual growth rate of
19.4%. Dataquest forecasts that the market for access equipment in China will
grow at a compound annual rate of 32.8% from 1998 to 2002. According to these
Dataquest forecasts, this market represents the fastest growing segment of the
communications market in China and the fastest growing access equipment market
in the world. China's demand for communications services is highlighted by its
relatively low teledensity rate, which is a measure of the number of lines per
hundred people. According to 1999 statistics from the International
Telecommunication Union, China, with a population of 1.3 billion, has a
teledensity rate of only 8.6% compared to teledensity rates in Brazil of 14.9%,
in the United Kingdom of 57.5%, in France of 57.9%, in Hong Kong of 57.6% and in
the United States of 68.2%. While growth in the China communications market is
currently driven predominantly by voice services, the increasing demand for data
services presents a growing opportunity. The Strategis Group and BDA China
Limited estimate that Internet subscribers in China will grow from 2.1 million
in 1998 to 40.4 million in 2003, representing a compound annual growth rate of
80.6%. China's ability to invest heavily in its communications infrastructure is
fueled by the country's strong economic activity. The Economist Intelligence
Unit estimates that China's GDP will grow at a compound annual rate of 7.9%
through 2002.
STRUCTURE OF CHINA'S TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY. Historically, the China
Telecom system was the sole provider of public telecommunications services in
China. In 1993, the State Council, in an effort to promote competition, began
issuing licenses to new telecommunications operators including China United
Telecommunications Corporation, or Unicom, a provider of mobile communication
services, and Jitong Communications Co., Ltd., a provider of data communications
and Internet access services. In February 1999, the State Council approved a
restructuring plan for the China Telecom system. The plan separated the
telecommunications operations of the China Telecom system along four business
lines: fixed line, mobile, paging and satellite communications services. Under
the new structure, a new state-owned company, China Mobile, holds and operates
the nationwide mobile communications assets. China Mobile also controls China
Mobile (Hong Kong) Limited, a public company, that operates cellular services in
thirteen of China's provinces. A new state-owned company, China Satellite, holds
and operates the satellite assets. The paging operations have been merged into
Unicom. China Telecom
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holds and operates the fixed line telephone and data communications assets.
China Telecom operates through a network of approximately 2,400 local level
telephone companies called Telecommunications Bureaus. Telecommunications
Bureaus are responsible for purchasing, installing and operating the voice and
data communications services in their local markets.
GOVERNMENT REGULATION OF THE TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY. The China
telecommunications industry is regulated at the national, provincial and local
levels. At the national level, the Ministry of Information Industry, or MII,
regulates the industry. The Ministry of Information Industry was established in
March 1998 to assume the regulatory, administrative and other governmental
duties of the former Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications. The Ministry of
Information Industry has broad authority to regulate all aspects of the
telecommunications and information technology industries in China including
managing spectrum bandwidths, setting network equipment specifications and
standards, regulating the Internet and drafting laws and regulations related to
the electronics and telecommunications industries. Based on our industry
experience, we believe that the Ministry of Information Industry's general
telecommunications equipment strategy is to ensure that China's infrastructure
is based on advanced open architectures that are expandable, cost efficient and
quickly deployed. The Ministry of Information Industry also oversees the 33
Telecommunications Administrations that have regulatory responsibility over the
telecommunications industry in their respective provinces. In China today, each
Telecommunications Administration oversees all local Telecommunications Bureaus
in its region and approves a subset of telecommunications products that meet
Ministry of Information Industry standards from which Telecommunications Bureaus
can then select the specific products they purchase, install and operate.
Although historically the Ministry of Information Industry has shared regulation
and operation of China's telecommunications industry with the China Telecom
system, as part of the Chinese government's industry restructuring, the
regulatory functions of the Ministry of Information Industry and the
Telecommunications Administrations have been separated from the operational
functions of the state-owned Telecommunications Bureaus under their control.
Following this separation, the Ministry of Information Industry will act
exclusively as the industry regulator and the local Telecommunications Bureaus
will act exclusively as operators. Given the multi-level regulatory environment,
equipment providers in China must generally market intensively to all three
levels of the communications industry.
COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK ARCHITECTURE IN CHINA. The development of China's
communications infrastructure involves not only installing a nationwide network
of high-bandwidth fiber-optic backbones, but also locally connecting each
business and residential subscriber to these backbones. The systems of wireline
or wireless connections that link local subscribers to these backbone networks
are often referred to as the "last mile" or the local access network. Because of
the high growth rate, geographic dispersion and diverse communications needs of
residences and businesses in China, the direct wiring of subscribers to the
backbone network using traditional copper connections is a lengthy, costly and
inefficient process. Direct wiring of subscribers to traditional telephone
switches often locks those subscribers into a limited set of communications
services and limits expandability and migration to other services. In contrast,
service providers in China require communications equipment that allows them to
roll out different services quickly, efficiently and cost-effectively. Given the
relative absence of a legacy communications infrastructure, these service
providers are less constrained and thus often deploy the latest, "best-of-breed"
systems with the flexibility to handle future services such as data. This is
true in both the local access networks and the backbone networks.
A new trend in access network design is the use of remote nodes that push
network intelligence closer to a group of subscribers, thus making it easier and
more efficient to deliver multiple services from the backbone network to
subscribers at the local level. These nodes use a standard digital protocol
known as V5.2 to communicate with backbone networks. This open protocol allows
equipment from various vendors to be interconnected seamlessly and allows
service providers to deliver a variety of services from multiple backbones over
the same access network thus reducing costs. By deploying
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small, intelligent nodes close to subscribers, service providers can deploy
fewer central office switches, each covering larger areas, optimizing
manageability and lowering per-subscriber cost. Because of these benefits,
service providers in China are deploying open architecture switches capable of
interacting with access networks at most new installations.
Another new trend can be seen in the backbone network, where an increasing
portion of traffic travels across IP-based systems instead of traditional voice
systems using circuit switches. IP-based architectures differ fundamentally from
circuit-switched architectures in the way information travels from point to
point through networks. IP-based technology does not require a dedicated
connection or circuit between the callers. Instead, the caller's voice is
divided into numerous small packages of information called packets. These
packets are sent over the network intermixed with other packets of data, such as
fax, email or Internet content, to be reassembled at the destination of the
call. In contrast, traditional telephone technology requires that a circuit
between the callers be established and maintained during the length of the call,
and voice and data cannot easily be transmitted simultaneously over this
circuit. This is inefficient because much of a phone call is silence which
effectively wastes capacity on the circuit. This inefficiency has caused service
providers to seek new switches based on IP-based technology.
NEEDS OF CHINA'S COMMUNICATIONS SERVICE PROVIDERS. Service providers in
China often require network solutions with a suite of integrated products that
address all of their access needs, including wireline and wireless, voice and
data. These comprehensive product offerings enable service providers to quickly,
and with minimal incremental investment, address the changing demands of their
subscribers for expanded or more advanced services over time. Service providers
also require solutions that are based on widely-adopted international
communications standards to ease installation and avoid duplicate buildout of
separate networks. In addition, given the rapid growth in China's emerging
communications market, network solutions must be efficient and expandable so
that the same architecture can provide an affordable entry level solution for as
few as hundreds of subscribers yet economically extend to hundreds of thousands
of subscribers over time. Additionally, service providers in China will often
require the vendors to continually develop products to meet evolving market
needs and to have a local service and support presence.
Although markets such as China represent substantial opportunities for
communications equipment vendors, to date, few companies have delivered the
combination of leading technology, market specific products and a local presence
that service providers require.
THE UTSTARCOM SOLUTION
Our wireless and wireline access and switching systems are designed to
deliver the following key benefits to service providers:
INTEGRATED, COMPREHENSIVE PRODUCT OFFERING. By offering communications
systems that link the backbone network, the access network and subscribers'
premises, we supply service providers with solutions that enable them to quickly
deploy services to subscribers. For the implementation of completely new
networks, which is typical in China, service providers can choose to deploy our
complete suite of product offerings. By contrast, for locations where some
network infrastructure is already in place, service providers can deploy a
subset of our products and integrate them into their existing networks.
Furthermore, as subscriber needs evolve from voice to data, we offer solutions
to meet these needs. Our AN-2000, OMUX and PAS products can be managed from a
single integrated management station through the use of our Netman software.
WACOS has an advanced web-based management system which in the future will be
adapted to support all of our product offerings.
FLEXIBILITY FOR VOICE AND DATA SERVICES. We have designed our systems to
offer a high degree of flexibility in terms of the number of subscribers and
types of traffic delivered to those subscribers. Our
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equipment can be flexibly configured to offer a variety of services in response
to subscriber demand. This flexibility is particularly important in China, as
the communications services market is undergoing rapid change and growth. As
Internet usage achieves greater penetration in China, we believe service
providers will desire systems which are designed to deliver high-speed data
capability. Our access systems allow service providers to quickly and
cost-effectively implement upgrades for new services, including high-speed data
capability, compared to alternative solutions which may require the purchase of
an entirely new system to provide these services.
LEADING PRICE AND PERFORMANCE SOLUTION. All of our products are based on a
modular design, using cost effective off-the-shelf components wherever possible
and realizing most of the products' added value through our software. By
delivering a modular system, we allow service providers to purchase only the
functionality and capacity needed and to purchase additional functionality and
capacity over time as subscriber demand warrants. In response to large pent-up
demand, most service providers in China are currently delivering voice services.
However, we expect demand for data services to increase dramatically in China.
To meet this growing demand, service providers will be able to deliver data
traffic with modular upgrades to our systems rather than through large-scale
purchases of replacement equipment. Furthermore, as demand for communications
services in China grows, our expandable systems will allow service providers to
grow from a small initial subscriber base to hundreds of thousands of
subscribers in a cost-effective and efficient manner.
ARCHITECTURE BASED ON WIDELY ADOPTED COMMUNICATION STANDARDS. Our products
are designed to comply with widely adopted international open communication
standards for multi-vendor interoperability, which are consistent with standards
established by the Ministry of Information Industry. For example, we were one of
the first companies to deliver an access system to the China market that
incorporated an open interface, known as the V5.2 protocol, to central office
switches. The open interface is a technology that allows service providers to
connect our products to equipment from multiple vendors and thus integrate
multiple voice and data traffic types within one system. In this manner an
operator can deploy our system for voice services first, but offer mobile or
Internet services at a later time as the market for these services develops.
Furthermore, our compliance with open standards lowers costs by permitting
service providers to shorten evaluation times and ease integration of our
products with other systems in the service providers' networks.
LOCAL PRESENCE. We have established a strong local presence in China that
allows us to be responsive to the needs of service providers and their
subscribers. We manufacture our products primarily at two facilities located in
the cities of Huizhou in Guangdong province and Hangzhou in Zhejiang province
that are owned by joint ventures between us and affiliates of the corresponding
Telecommunications Administrations. By using local facilities in China, we have
helped create new jobs within the provinces and have strengthened our
relationships with the Telecommunications Administrations in some of China's
most modernized and rapidly growing provinces. We also maintain twelve sales and
customer support sites in China that allow us to deploy a customer support
representative onsite anywhere in China within 24 hours. Our sales force
develops direct relationships with decision makers at both the provincial and
the local levels through pre-sales design and consulting services, as well as
performing more traditional product sales functions. Additionally, through our
relationships at the national, provincial and local levels we receive a
continuous flow of information on market changes and insight into unique service
provider needs and related opportunities.
STRATEGY
Our objective is to be a leading provider of broadband, IP and wireless
network equipment to high growth communications markets. The principal elements
of our strategy are as follows:
LEVERAGE OUR INSTALLED BASE AND CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIPS AS DEMAND FOR
BROADBAND AND HIGH-SPEED DATA GROWS IN CHINA. We believe we are a leading
supplier of both wireline and wireless access
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systems in China. Communications service providers currently face a large
subscriber demand for voice services. Accordingly, our systems are being used
primarily for voice services. However, given the increasing demand for Internet
and data access in China, we believe we are well positioned to leverage our
installed base of systems and service provider relationships to deliver
additional data capabilities. We intend to capitalize on this opportunity by
supplying systems that enable service providers to offer broadband services over
copper connections through digital subscriber line, or xDSL, technologies and
over fiber optic connections. We also intend to enable high-speed data services
over 64 Kilobits per second, or Kbps, wireless links. Moreover, we will supply
products that complement our own products through original equipment
manufacturer (OEM) relationships to market and sell leading-edge products
utilizing our extensive sales and marketing organization in China.
DEVELOP PRODUCTS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MARKET-DRIVEN SOLUTIONS; PENETRATE
EMERGING IP-BASED SWITCHING MARKET. By working closely with multiple service
providers over the last six years, we have gained unique insight into future
service provider requirements. For example, we developed our PAS wireless access
system in response to a market need for a low-cost, community-based mobile
service. We believe increases in Internet usage, particularly voice over IP
traffic, have resulted in a market need for a next-generation switching platform
optimized for IP traffic. Accordingly, we have made a substantial investment in
developing our WACOS IP-based switching system, which began initial shipments in
2000. WACOS is designed to integrate with our existing products and to scale
over time in response to increased demand. We believe that WACOS can deliver
value to service providers, both as a stand-alone system and in connection with
expansions to our PAS system installations. We intend to deliver additional
functionality on the WACOS platform in the future which we believe will enable
us to enter new markets in China and around the world. We have a history of
developing unique systems, such as PAS and WACOS, and we intend to continue to
provide market-driven solutions to our customers.
EXPAND PRESENCE IN MAINLAND CHINA. We intend to further capitalize on
China's large population, low teledensity and increasing demand for
communications services. Since our inception, we have focused our engineering,
product development and sales and marketing efforts primarily on communications
equipment for China. This focus has enabled us to be a leader in this market by
quickly identifying the needs of service providers in China and rapidly
developing market-specific products to address those needs. We intend to expand
our presence in this market by:
- increasing the number of sales and support staff and offices within China;
- developing new products to address the demands of our existing and
emerging customer base;
- migrating our installed base from voice to data as market demand warrants;
and
- increasing our local research and development and manufacturing
capabilities.
LEVERAGE SUCCESS IN MAINLAND CHINA TO ADDRESS OTHER HIGH-GROWTH
COMMUNICATIONS MARKETS. Since our products comply with many international
standard protocols and are attractive and readily adaptable to the requirements
of service providers in many markets outside of Mainland China, we intend to
leverage our success in Mainland China to penetrate other high-growth
communications markets. We anticipate supplying these markets through direct
sales offices located in key market regions, by licensing our technology to
local manufacturers where import taxation favors this approach, through the
development of local sales agency and distributor relationships within specific
market regions, and through original equipment manufacturer (OEM) sales
relationships. Our International Sales Division is currently targeting expansion
into Latin America, Europe, Africa, India, the Philippines, Taiwan and other
Pacific Rim markets. We intend to have permanent staff assigned to a UTStarcom
office in New Delhi by mid-year 2001 to further develop sales in India and
nearby markets. We plan to continue to develop local direct sales representative
offices in key regions around the world.
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Recent examples of the success of these strategies include:
- Worldwide OEM sales agreements for our AN-2000 system with the NEC
Corporation, with Kyocera Corporation and with Airspan Networks Limited;
- A licensing contract that will allow Himachal Futuristic
Communications Ltd. (HFCL) of New Delhi, India to manufacture, sell and
support our AN-2000 product in India. Together with HFCL, we have begun to
supply AN-2000 to Infotel, a private operator in the Punjab state;
- Installations of our AN-2000 system for telephone network operator EPM in
Bogata, Colombia;
- Sales agreement to provide our AN-2000 system to Mauritius Telecom Corp.
to provide access to their national Data Services backbone network;
- Deployment of our PAS network product for First International
Telecommunications Corporation (FITEL) of Taipei, Taiwan in the first
phase of a metropolitan wireless mobile telephone system for the greater
Taipei area and other Taiwan cities;
- Type approval to market our AN-2000 system in Russia, Brazil and
Indonesia; and
- Sales agreements to provide our AN-2000 system to Telmex, Mexico and to
Sovintel, Peterstar and Combellga, all of Russia.
PRODUCTS
Our integrated suite of network access, optical multiplexing, subscriber
terminal and IP-based switching products gives service providers in high-growth
markets an efficient means to offer voice and data services. Our product lines
include PAS, AN-2000, OMUX, Netman and WACOS.
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PAS (PERSONAL ACCESS SYSTEM)
PAS is a wireless access system that enables voice and data access over
fixed and city-wide wireless links. The following diagram shows how our PAS
system is deployed:
[LOGO]
A typical PAS installation consists of several remote terminals based on our
AN-2000 architecture, each coupled through one or more digital radio port
controllers to many small indoor and outdoor radio ports, and various subscriber
terminals. The wireless access network formed by PAS components connects to the
central office switch to provide local and long distance telephone service over
a standard V5.2 interface or an analog 2-wire interface for switches without
V5.2 capability. This provides for an open interface to the central office
switch which benefits service providers by shifting network intelligence to the
access network, thus reducing reliance on costly and proprietary distributed
central office switch architectures. The remote terminals pass traffic through
the radio port controllers to the radio ports, which each serves multiple
subscribers. From the radio port, the signal is passed to a remote subscriber
terminal or handset. The air traffic controller provides wireless
traffic-channel and mobility management throughout the system.
In 2000 we introduced a version of PAS using the WACOS platform instead of
the AN-2000 platform. This eliminates the dependence on an existing local
exchange switch, and uses a Signaling System 7 (SS7) interface to the Local or
Long distance telephone network instead of V5.2 which the remote terminal uses.
This deployment method has the advantage that it can be installed in a
"greenfield" environment where existing switching capacity is not available, and
can be scaled to larger sizes more easily.
PAS enables rapid and reliable deployment of communications services to
subscriber communities where the installation of a wireline alternative may be
uneconomical. PAS can also be used in large indoor spaces such as office
buildings, airports and shopping malls. PAS is optimized for high-capacity urban
or suburban traffic densities and can deliver wireline equivalent voice quality,
including voice-band modem and fax support, with the advantages of simple
planning for radio siting, immunity to inter-radio interference, low power
consumption and expandability. Our PAS system operates in China in the 1900-1915
MHz band allocated by the Radio Regulatory Bureau of the Ministry of Information
Industry.
PAS provides city-wide wireless mobile phone service for a community of up
to several hundred thousand subscribers at traffic densities of upwards of
15,000 subscribers per square kilometer. PAS
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targets first-time subscribers, second line subscribers and small businesses.
PAS provides distinct benefits to both service providers and subscribers.
Service providers can quickly illuminate entire communities with strategically
located low-power radios, creating the potential for new revenue streams from
city-wide mobile service. Additionally, compared to traditional cellular
systems, PAS mobility functions are completely integrated into the access
network architecture and thus require no central office switch modification or
incremental mobile switching hardware. By integrating PAS into the existing
access network, service providers can take advantage of unused central office
switching capacity to carry incremental wireless traffic loads. This integration
also allows a service provider to offer existing switch-based services, such as
caller ID, call forwarding, and voice mail, to its wireless subscribers.
Subscribers benefit from rapid service activation and enjoy the mobility of
small handsets weighing less than three ounces. We purchase a variety of
handsets manufactured by multiple Japanese vendors under the UTStarcom label. We
also perform local assembly of the wireless infrastructure components and
handsets in China, have entered into arrangements with third parties to
manufacture handsets in China, and intend to develop the capacity to manufacture
our own handsets.
With the PAS system, a service provider does not need to modify its existing
billing system. However, PAS does provide separate call detail records that the
service provider can use for specific mobility-related billing policies such as
premium billing for roaming calls or wireless data calls, or for pre-paid PAS
services.
An additional benefit of PAS is its support of wireless data transmission of
up to 64Kbps. This enables wireless Internet access at speeds faster than those
possible with many wireline dial-up modems. Based on our knowledge of China's
communications market, we believe PAS allows faster Internet access than other
wireless technologies currently commercially deployed in China.
PAS also offers an advanced set of information-mode features including short
message and email text messaging, browsing of Internet content and access to
location-dependent information that, for example, allows subscribers to search
for restaurants or hospitals near their current location. The information
services can be delivered in English and Chinese character sets.
As of December 31, 2000, service providers have installed our PAS system in
90 locations in Mainland China representing a total installed base of
approximately 3.0 million lines.
AN-2000
Our AN-2000 is a digital wireline network access system that delivers a
variety of services to subscribers over copper, fiber or microwave radio links.
These services include:
- traditional analog voice;
- dialed voice and data in digital format over integrated services digital
network, or ISDN, lines;
- analog and digital leased lines;
- business data services over integrated digital subscriber line, or IDSL,
and high-data-rate digital subscriber line, or HDSL;
- fully integrated TDM and ATM broadband capability; and
- high-performance, always-on Internet access for residential and business
subscribers using advanced asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL)
technology.
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Service providers have deployed nearly 2.3 million AN-2000 subscriber lines.
The following diagram depicts a typical AN-2000 deployment:
[LOGO]
The AN-2000 system consists of both central office terminals and remote
terminals which are linked together to form a digital access network using
copper, fiber or microwave radio. The AN-2000 connects to the access ring
through a fully integrated synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) optical
interface. A central office AN-2000, or CT, connects the access ring to Internet
access, local and long distance and dedicated data services. A remote AN-2000,
or RT, connects to the access ring and offers voice and data services to the
subscribers. A regional access network has the potential to contain hundreds of
AN-2000s servicing hundreds of thousands of subscribers.
The AN-2000 provides several important features that together form a
cost-effective access platform for the delivery of voice and data services. We
were among the earliest to offer a V5.2 switch interface to the China market.
This capability benefits service providers by shifting network intelligence out
into the access network, reducing reliance on costly and proprietary distributed
central office switch architectures. In addition, we designed the AN-2000 to
provide high capacity, expandability and redundancy, offering reliable operation
and economical service management. For service providers whose switches are not
yet V5.2 compliant, we provide a migration capability whereby the AN-2000
terminates analog and ISDN ports in the central office, effectively creating a
V5.2 interface to the remote AN-2000s. Based on our industry knowledge, we
believe that the AN-2000 is currently the leading system available that can
convert existing analog central office interfaces to V5.2.
Our OMUX product, which converts data transmission between electrical and
optical formats, is often bundled with our PAS and AN-2000 systems. Together,
these products can comprise a complete access system. In addition to bundled
sales, the OMUX is used by cellular service providers to connect base station
controllers to base stations and by other enterprises for private data networks
and data collection applications.
The primary advantage of the OMUX is its ability to offer highly competitive
price and performance characteristics to service providers, particularly in low
capacity implementations. The OMUX employs our SPDH technology, which provides
the reliability of higher priced synchronous digital hierarchy, or SDH, networks
for lower capacity access networks and enables highly reliable operations. The
OMUX is available in varying capacities depending on network configuration and
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service provider requirements. As of December 31, 2000, service providers have
deployed the OMUX at over 5,000 locations, both as a stand-alone product and
bundled with PAS and AN-2000.
NETMAN
Our Netman network management system, which is integrated with our network
access products, provides for centralized management of our PAS, AN-2000 and
OMUX products. Netman provides the ability to manage individual network
components and to report the status of the network as a whole. With Netman, a
service provider can add and drop subscribers and continuously monitor all
access network elements, providing for real-time reporting and alarms in
addition to performance management and optimization and distribution of software
updates. Netman uses a scalable client/ server architecture in a Windows NT
environment. Server hardware may be scaled to handle several thousand nodes.
Netman can also be installed on a portable personal computer and may be used as
the local on-site maintenance terminal wherever remote nodes are installed.
WACOS
Our WACOS system is an IP-based switching system designed to perform many of
the functions performed today by traditional central office switches, including
local wireline services and mobile switching services. The initial application
serves as the mobility service switch for our PAS system. Future applications
will support third-generation wideband W-CDMA and TD-SCDMA mobile services, a
full suite of local exchange services, Voice over IP gateway functions and
narrowband and broadband remote access services. The WACOS system supports
communication between legacy telephone equipment and next-generation IP devices.
In addition, operational support system software provided with WACOS enables
management of WACOS equipment, billing for WACOS services and customer care for
WACOS subscribers. WACOS has an advanced web-based management system which in
the future will be adapted to support all our product offerings. The use of IP
technology to transmit voice and data over a single network enables the use of
lower cost equipment and improves bandwidth efficiency for service providers.
This results in a wider variety of communications applications at lower per
subscriber cost. The WACOS family includes:
- PSTN Gateway devices which support connection to the public switched
telephone network, or PSTN, through standard interfaces;
- Voice-over-IP Gateway, which will support standard interfaces such as
H.323 and MGCP;
- Remote Access Server which will support analog modem, ISDN and wireless
data applications;
- Wireless Gateways which support expansion of PAS networks and future 3G
networks; and
- OSS Server Cluster which supports management, billing and customer care
functions.
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The following diagram depicts our WACOS system:
[LOGO]
MARKETS AND CUSTOMERS
Market opportunities within China's 31 provinces vary greatly by region,
with the more densely populated coastal provinces experiencing the strongest
economic development. We provide our communications equipment to
Telecommunications Bureaus in a wide variety of provinces. Historically we have
focused on marketing and selling our products to Telecommunications Bureaus in
Guangdong, Zhejiang, Fujian, Shandong and Jiangsu provinces and the municipality
of Shanghai. The PRC State Statistical Bureau estimates that in 1997, these six
regions represented 26.3% of China's population and 41.1% of China's gross
domestic product. These regions also represent a disproportionately high
percentage of China's wireline and wireless subscribers and influence adoption
of technology among other regions. More recently we have expanded our marketing
focus to the inland provinces as well. While each of the Telecommunications
Bureaus is part of the China Telecom system and subject to its ultimate control,
equipment purchasing decisions are generally made at the individual
Telecommunications Bureau level.
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The following table is a list of our customers in Mainland China who have
each purchased more than $500,000 of our products during 2000.
BEIJING MUNICIPALITY
Beijing Telecommunications
Administration
JT Telecom
FUJIAN PROVINCE
Putian Telecommunications Bureau
Quanzhou Telecommunications Bureau
GUANGDONG PROVINCE
Dongguan Telecommunications Bureau
Foshan Telecommunications Bureau
Jiangmen Telecommunications Bureau
Meizhou Telecommunications Bureau
Qingyuan Telecommunications Bureau
Sanshui Telecommunications Bureau
Shanwei Telecommunications Bureau
Shaoguan Telecommunications Bureau
Yunfu Telecommunications Bureau
Zhangzhou Telecommunications Bureau
Zhanjiang Telecommunications Bureau
Zhaoqing Telecommunications Bureau
Zhuhai Telecommunications Bureau
GUANGXI PROVINCE
Laibin Telecommunications Bureau
Liuzhou Telecommunications Bureau
Wuzhou Telecommunications Bureau
GUIZHOU PROVINCE
Luoding Telecommunications Bureau
HEBEI PROVINCE
Baoding Telecommunications Bureau
Chengde Telecommunications Bureau
Handan Telecommunications Bureau
Qinhuangdao Telecommunications
Bureau
Xingtai Telecommunications Bureau
Xuanhua Telecommunications Bureau
HEILONGJIANG PROVINCE
Haerbin Telecommunications Bureau
HENAN PROVINCE
Jiaozuo Telecommunications Bureau
Luohe Telecommunications Bureau
HUBEI PROVINCE
Fengjie Telecommunications Bureau
Yibing Telecommunications Bureau
HUNAN PROVINCE
Binzhou Telecommunications Bureau
JIANGSU PROVINCE
Changzhou Telecommunications Bureau
Taizhou Telecommunications Bureau
Xuzhou Telecommunications Bureau
Yancheng Telecommunications Bureau
JILIN PROVINCE
Siping Telecommunications Bureau
LIAONING PROVINCE
Benxi Telecommunications Bureau
Heshan Telecommunications Bureau
Liaoyang Telecommunications Bureau
Liaoyang Tel. Instrument Co.
Panjin Telecommunications Bureau
NINGXIA PROVINCE
Shizhuishan Telecommunications Bureau
Yinchuan Telecommunications Bureau
SHAANXI PROVINCE
Wuzhong Telecommunications Bureau
Xian Telecommunications Bureau
SHANDONG PROVINCE
Dongying Telecommunications Bureau
Jinan Telecommunications Bureau
Jining Telecommunications Bureau
Linyi Telecommunications Bureau
Pingdu Telecommunications Bureau
SHANGHAI MUNICIPALITY
Cenxi Telecommunications Bureau
SICHUAN PROVINCE
Chongqing Telecommunications Bureau
Neijiang Telecommunications Bureau
Suining Telecommunications Bureau
Xinhui Telecommunications Bureau
YUNNAN PROVINCE
Kunming Telecommunications Bureau
ZHEJIANG PROVINCE
Fuyang Telecommunications Bureau
Hangzhou Telecommunications Bureau
Quzhou Telecommunications Bureau
Ruian Telecommunications Bureau
Shaoxing Telecommunications Bureau
Shengzhou Telecommunications Bureau
Tonglu Telecommunications Bureau
Wencheng Telecommunications Bureau
Wenling Telecommunications Bureau
Wenzhou Zongheng Corp.
Xiaoshan Telecommunications Bureau
Xinchang Telecommunications Bureau
Yuhang Telecommunications Bureau
Zhuji Telecommunications Bureau
In 2000, sales to Hangzhou Telecommunications Bureau accounted for 12.1% of
our revenues. No other individual customer accounted for 10% or more of our
revenues in 2000.
We also sell our network access equipment to service providers in high
growth communications markets outside of China. Markets outside of China
accounted for about 1.0% of our total sales in 2000.
As of December 31, 2000, our backlog totaled approximately $192 million,
compared to approximately $72 million as of December 31, 1999. We expect to fill
the majority of our current backlog orders during the 2001 fiscal year.
SALES, MARKETING AND CUSTOMER SUPPORT
We pursue a direct sales and marketing strategy in China, targeting sales to
individual Telecommunications Bureaus and to manufacturers or equipment
distributors with closely associated customers. We maintain sales and customer
support sites in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenyang, Wuhan, Xian, Hangzhou,
Jinan, Chengdu, Fuzhou, Kunming and Zhengzhou. We also sell through
relationships with regional government-owned telecommunications manufacturing
companies, which act as agents in the sale of our products to Telecommunications
Bureaus.
We believe our customer support services in Mainland China allow us to
distinguish ourselves from competing equipment providers and build customer
loyalty. The customer service operation in
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Hangzhou is co-located with the manufacturing joint venture and serves as both a
technical resource and liaison to our product development organization. In
China, customer service technicians are distributed in the regional sales and
customer support sites to provide a local presence. We provide additional
support on a 24-hour, 365-day basis from the customer support center in Hangzhou
in the form of field dispatch personnel, who also provide training on
installation, operation and maintenance of equipment. As of December 31, 2000,
we employed 550 people in sales, marketing and customer support in Mainland
China.
Our sales efforts in markets outside of Mainland China combine direct sales,
original equipment manufacturer (OEM) sales, and manufacturing licensing. We
maintain sales and customer support sites in Miami, Florida to address Latin
American markets; in Tel Aviv, Israel to address European and African markets;
in Manila, the Philippines to address the Philippine market; in Taipei, Taiwan
to address the Taiwan market; and in Hong Kong to address other Pacific Rim
markets. We intend to have permanent staff assigned to a UTStarcom office in New
Delhi, India by mid-year 2001 to further develop sales in India and nearby
markets.
Our customer service operations in the U.S. and Hangzhou, China support our
customers outside of Mainland China with training, project supervision and
problem escalation. We maintain and will continue to expand our staff of local
personnel near customers who require support on a 24-hour, 365-day basis. These
facilities currently are deployed in Taipei, Manila and New Delhi. In many
cases, such as in Mexico, Russia and UAE, our local in-country sales partners
also provide customer support.
TECHNOLOGY
Our research and development efforts have led to the creation of key
technologies that have contributed to the success of our products in the
marketplace.
V5.2 PROTOCOL AND DYNAMIC SWITCHING. The AN-2000 and PAS intelligent call
processor and 2,048 timeslot interchange allow these systems to fully exploit
the power of the V5.2 interface protocol between the central office switch and
access node, which requests voice channel allocation from the switch on a
call-by-call basis. Since most subscriber telephones are idle most of the time,
a small number of channels can be shared by many subscribers, saving money and
increasing reliability. The AN-2000 and PAS can economically split a large
bundle of V5.2 voice channels from the central office switch into many smaller,
more economical bundles to be transmitted to the remote access nodes that may
contain fewer subscribers than the switch is optimized for. This capability
increases switch utilization, reduces the number and expense of V5.2 interfaces
provided by the central office switch and economically allows the deployment of
many small remote access nodes. Our V5.2 interface product is extensively
deployed throughout China and is interoperable with the products of major switch
vendors.
SDH OPTICAL TRANSMISSION. Service providers have widely chosen to adopt and
deploy fiber optic transmission systems conforming to the synchronous digital
hierarchy, or SDH, standard promulgated by the International Telecommunications
Union. The SDH standard is the international equivalent of the North American
SONET standard. The SDH standards for first tier capacity allow up to 1,953
information channels to be transmitted over optical fiber between nodes that can
be structured in a redundant ring configuration. If the fiber in the ring is cut
accidentally, the SDH system can recover its operation immediately and maintain
service while the cut is repaired. The AN-2000 fully integrates the SDH fiber
with self-healing ring capability into a single plug-in module in contrast to
earlier generation equipment that required a separate external SDH multiplexer.
This configuration saves expense and provides a simple unified management
structure for the SDH and access node functions.
PAS MOBILITY MANAGEMENT. We have developed a specially configured AN-2000
node, called the air traffic controller, or ATC, in the PAS product to provide
the function of wireless traffic-channel and mobility management. PAS
subscribers are assigned wireless traffic channels at the time they become
16
active on a call and the precise channel may be different from call to call or,
in the case of PAS users, may change during a call, because of variable channel
availability and also movement of the subscriber. The ATC collects all of these
dynamically assigned channels and re-maps them to fixed channels on the access
network interface, providing wireless benefits without alteration of the access
network. Service providers can mix and match wireline and wireless service
delivery in a seamless manner without regard for access network compatibility or
special provisioning. PAS can manage hundreds of thousands of air traffic
channels by arranging a network of ATCs into a two-stage configuration with
regional nodes handling local traffic and a network of central nodes handling
traffic between regional nodes.
WACOS IP-BASED SWITCHING AND SERVICE DELIVERY PLATFORM. The WACOS system is
deployed as a layered network architecture designed to support end-to-end
communications and data services. This type of architecture is rapidly gaining
worldwide acceptance with a large number of vendors and service providers
cooperating in the creation of new standards for IP-based networks. In the WACOS
implementation, unlike current telephone networks, service providers and
subscribers are able to quickly and easily deploy new services and features
based on these emerging standard protocols. WACOS is a complete
telecommunications system that offers technology at several levels:
- TRADITIONAL PHONES AND IP APPLIANCES. Innovative protocols used by WACOS
provide support for traditional telephone service and provide the
foundation for next-generation IP-based appliances such as IP-enabled cell
phones and personal digital assistants.
- IP ACCESS NETWORK. The WACOS gateway converts between legacy telephony
protocols such as SS7 and V5.2 and modern IP-based services. The gateway
provides an open platform for the development of enhanced services, such
as unified messaging, by us or third party developers.
- BACKBONE NETWORK. WACOS relies on industry standard IP-based network
architecture. Initially based on widely deployed IP over asynchronous
transfer mode, or ATM, technology, WACOS is capable of economical upgrade
to emerging packet over SONET and gigabit ethernet standards.
- OPERATIONAL SUPPORT SYSTEM. The operational support system, or OSS, is
implemented using industry-standard computing platforms based on Windows
NT or Unix, depending on customer preference. The OSS allows service
providers to flexibly tailor billing policies and allows subscriber
self-provisioning through on-line account access. Web-based graphic user
interfaces provide precise management information to support staff with
minimal training requirements, reducing operational costs.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
We believe that continued and timely development and introduction of new and
enhanced products are essential if we are to maintain our competitive position.
While we use competitive analyses and technology trends as factors in our
product development plans, the primary input for new products and product
enhancements comes from soliciting and analyzing information about service
providers' needs. Our Ministry of Information Industry, Telecommunications
Administration and Telecommunications Bureau relationships and full-service
post-sale customer support provide our research and development organization
with insight into trends and developments in the marketplace. The insights
provided from these relationships allowed us to develop unique, market-driven
products such as PAS and WACOS.
We maintain a strong relationship between our U.S. and China research
centers. Projects are typically designed and developed in the United States by
one team and tested in China by another, allowing us to conduct research and
development activities 24 hours a day. We rotate engineers between the U.S. and
China research centers to further integrate our research and development
operations. We have been able to cost-effectively hire highly skilled technical
employees from a large pool of qualified candidates in China.
17
In the past we have made, and expect to continue to make, significant
investments in research and development. Our research and development
expenditures totaled $41.5 million in 2000, $18.6 million in 1999 and
$14.7 million in 1998.
MANUFACTURING, ASSEMBLY AND TESTING
We manufacture or engage in the final assembly and testing of our PAS
systems, AN-2000, OMUX and WACOS products at the facilities of our two
manufacturing joint ventures in China and under license to HFCL in India. In
Zhejiang province, we have a joint venture with Zhejiang Telecommunication
Equipment Factory. In Guangdong province, we have a joint venture with Guangdong
Nanfang Communications Group Corporation. These manufacturing operations consist
of circuit board assembly, final system assembly, software installation and
testing. We assemble circuit boards primarily using surface mount technology.
Assembled boards are individually tested prior to final assembly and tested
again at the system level prior to system shipment. We use internally developed
functional and parametric tests for quality management and process control and
have developed an internal system to track quality statistics at a serial number
level.
Both the Guangdong and the Zhejiang manufacturing facilities are ISO 9002
certified. ISO 9002 certification requires that the certified entity establish,
maintain and follow an auditable quality process including documentation,
requirements, development, training, testing and continuous improvement and
which is periodically audited by an independent outside auditor.
We have contracted with Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd., which
distributes products under the Panasonic brand, to manufacture the PAS wireless
infrastructure components and handsets for distribution under the UTStarcom
label. Other suppliers include Kyocera Corporation, Sanyo and JRC, which provide
handsets under the UTStarcom label, and Sharp Corporation, which provides
handsets and repeaters under the UTStarcom label. Our AN-2000 product line
integrates some third party products for subscriber premises equipment and
testing. In order to gain more control over the quality of the products, further
reduce the cost and ease restrictions on China's import license quotas, we have
started and will continue local assembly of the wireless infrastructure
components and handsets in China, and have entered into arrangements with third
parties to manufacture handsets in China. We also intend to develop the capacity
to manufacture our own handsets.
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STRATEGIC RELATIONSHIPS
We benefit from strategic relationships with other major companies that act
as our suppliers, investors and customers. SOFTBANK CORP. is a major investor in
our company and holds a seat on our Board of Directors. We have invested in an
investment fund established by SOFTBANK focused on investments in Internet
companies in China. Matsushita Communication Industrial Co., Ltd. is a major
supplier of radio and terminal equipment for the PAS system, and is also an
investor and has funded custom developments related to the WACOS system.
Mitsubishi Electric Corporation has also invested in our company. Affiliates of
the Guangdong and Zhejiang Telecommunications Administrations are our
manufacturing joint venture partners in China. NEC Corporation is marketing our
AN-2000 system under a private label worldwide. HFCL is our partner in
manufacturing and sales in India. We have strategic technology partnership
agreements with Zaffire, Inc. which provides a DWDM optical networking platform,
and with Foundry Networks, Inc. which provides Gigabit Ethernet and Fast
Ethernet switching technology as well as Layer 2 & 3 switching.
COMPETITION
We face intense competition in our target markets and expect competition to
increase. Our principal competitors in our various product lines include:
- PAS: Lucent Technologies, Inc. and Zhongxing Telecommunications Equipment.
- AN-2000: Advanced Fibre Communications, Inc.; Alcatel Alsthom CGE, S.A.;
Huawei Technology Co., Ltd.; Lucent; NEC Corporation; and Zhongxing.
- WACOS SYSTEM: Alcatel; Cisco Systems, Inc.; Clarent Corporation; Ericsson
LM Telephone Co.; Huawei; Lucent; Motorola, Inc.; Nokia Corporation;
Nortel Networks Corporation; Nuera Communications, Inc.; Siemens AG; and
Vienna Systems Corp.
We are increasingly facing competition from domestic companies in China. We
believe that our strongest competition in the future may come from these
companies, many of which operate under lower cost structures and more favorable
governmental policies and have much larger sales forces than we do. Furthermore,
other companies not presently offering competing products may also enter our
target markets. Many of our competitors have significantly greater financial,
technical, product development, sales, marketing and other resources than we do.
As a result, our competitors may be able to respond more quickly to new or
emerging technologies and changes in service provider requirements. Our
competitors may also be able to devote greater resources than we can to the
development, promotion and sale of new products. These competitors may also be
able to offer significant financing arrangements to service providers, in some
cases facilitated by government policies, which is a competitive advantage in
selling systems to service providers with limited financial and currency
resources. Increased competition is likely to result in price reductions,
reduced gross profit as a percentage of net sales and loss of market share, any
one of which could materially harm our business, financial condition and results
of operations.
Moreover, current and potential competitors have established or may
establish cooperative relationships among themselves or with third parties,
including Telecommunications Administrations, Telecommunications Bureaus and
other local organizations, to increase the ability of their products to address
the needs of prospective customers in our target markets. Accordingly, alliances
among competitors or between competitors and third parties may emerge and
rapidly acquire significant market share. To remain competitive, we believe that
we must continue to partner with Telecommunications Administrations and other
local organizations, maintain a high level of investment in research and
development and in sales and marketing, and manufacture and deliver products to
service providers on a timely basis and without significant defects. If we fail
to meet any of these objectives, our business, financial condition and results
of operations could be harmed.
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The introduction of inexpensive wireless telephone service or other
competitive services in China may also have an adverse impact on sales of our
PAS system in China. We cannot assure you that we will be able to compete
successfully against current or future competitors or that competitive pressures
in the future will not materially adversely effect our business, financial
condition and results of operations.
We believe that the principal competitive factors affecting the market for
our network access products include:
- total initial cost of solution;
- short delivery and installation intervals;
- design and installation support;
- ease of integration with the backbone network;
- flexibility in supporting multiple interfaces and services;
- life-cycle cost determined by reliability; and
- manageability of the solution and scalability.
We believe we have in the past generally competed favorably with offerings
of our competitors on the basis of these factors. However, we may not be able to
compete effectively against current and future competitors based on these or any
other competitive factors in the future, and the failure to do so would have a
material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of
operations.
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
Our success and ability to compete is dependent in part on our proprietary
technology. We rely on a combination of patent, copyright, trademark and trade
secret laws, as well as confidentiality agreements and licensing arrangements,
to establish and protect our proprietary rights. To date, we have relied
primarily on proprietary processes and know-how to protect our intellectual
property. We presently hold one U.S. patent for existing products. The term of
the patent will expire as late as the year 2016, depending on whether we
maintain the patent for the whole term. We have submitted fifteen U.S. patent
applications and eight foreign patent applications. We cannot assure you that
any of our patent applications will be granted or that any patents issued will
cover the scope of the claims sought in the applications. Our U.S. patents do
not afford any intellectual property protection in China or other international
jurisdictions. Moreover, we have applied for but have not yet obtained patents
in China. We can give no assurance that we will be able to obtain patents in
China on our products or the technology that we use to manufacture our products.
Our joint ventures in China rely upon our trademarks, technology and know-how to
manufacture and sell our products. Under the terms of our joint venture
agreements, any modifications or enhancements to or derivatives of our
intellectual property developed by the joint ventures will be owned by the joint
ventures. Any infringement of our proprietary rights could result in significant
litigation costs, and any failure to adequately protect our proprietary rights
could result in our competitors offering similar products, potentially resulting
in loss of a competitive advantage and decreased revenues. Despite our efforts
to protect our proprietary rights, existing patent, copyright, trademark and
trade secret laws afford only limited protection. In addition, the legal systems
of some foreign countries, including China, do not protect our proprietary
rights to the same extent as does the legal system of the United States.
Attempts may be made to copy or reverse engineer aspects of our products or to
obtain and use information that we regard as proprietary. Accordingly, we may
not be able to prevent misappropriation of our technology or deter others from
developing similar technology. Furthermore, policing the unauthorized use of our
products is difficult. Litigation may be necessary in the future to enforce our
intellectual property rights or to
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determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. This
litigation could result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and
could significantly harm our business.
The communications industry is characterized by the existence of a large
number of patents and frequent litigation based on allegations of patent
infringement. From time to time, third parties may assert patent, copyright,
trademark and other intellectual property rights to technologies and in various
jurisdictions that are important to our business. Any claims asserting that our
products infringe or may infringe proprietary rights of third parties, if
determined adversely to us, could significantly harm our business. Any claims,
with or without merit, could be time-consuming, result in costly litigation,
divert the efforts of our technical and management personnel, cause product
shipment delays or require us to enter into royalty or licensing agreements, any
of which could significantly harm our business. Royalty or licensing agreements,
if required, may not be available on terms acceptable to us, if at all. In the
event a claim against us was successful and we could not obtain a license to the
relevant technology on acceptable terms or license a substitute technology or
redesign our products to avoid infringement, our business would be significantly
harmed.
EMPLOYEES
As of December 31, 2000, we employed a total of 1,573 full-time employees.
We also from time to time employ part-time employees and hire contractors. Of
the total number of full-time employees, 653 are in research and development,
204 in manufacturing, 573 in marketing, sales and support, and 143 in
administration. We have 1,354 employees located in China, 211 employees located
in the United States, and 8 employees in other countries. In addition to our
total full-time employees, the Guangdong manufacturing joint venture has 110
employees. Our employees are not represented by any collective bargaining
agreement, and we have never experienced a work stoppage. We believe that our
employee relations are good.
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ITEM 2--FACILITIES
LOCATION FUNCTIONS SQUARE FOOTAGE DATE OF LEASE EXPIRATION
- -------- -------------------------------- -------------- ------------------------
HEADQUARTERS Alameda, CA Administration, Sales/Customer
Support, Research and
Development 25,576 January, 2003
Iselin, NJ Sales/Customer Support, Research
and Development 27,238 July, 2002
Shenzhen, China Research and Development 16,060 June, 2002
Hefei, China Research and Development 2,153 July, 2001
Hangzhou, China Administration, Sales/Customer
Support, Engineering and
Manufacturing 83,926 March, 2002
Hangzhou, China Administration, Sales/Customer
Support, Research and
Development, and Manufacturing 89,340 February, 2002
Huizhou, China Manufacturing 44,250 December, 2001
Beijing, China UTSC Headquarters
Administration, Sales/Customer
Support 15,995 May, 2001
Shanghai, China Sales/Customer Support 5,070 December, 2002
Wuhan, China Sales/Customer Support 753 March, 2002
Guangzhou, China Sales/Customer Support 5,856 April, 2001
Chengdu, China Sales/Customer Support 1,851 December, 2001
Jinan, China Sales/Customer Support 750 March, 2001
Kunming, China Sales/Customer Support 2,676 February, 2003
Xian, China Sales/Customer Support 3,604 December, 2002
Shenyang, China Sales/Customer Support 3,122 May, 2003
Fuzhou, China Sales/Customer Support 6,030 June, 2002
Zhengzhou, China Sales/Customer Support 2,420 October, 2001
Taipei, Taiwan Sales/Customer Support 1,300 May, 2001
Hong Kong, China Sales/Customer Support 800 June, 2002
We have entered a 50-year lease for approximately 49 acres of land located
in Zhejiang Science and Technology Industry Garden of Hangzhou Hi-tech Industry
Development Zone. We are currently in the planning process of completing a
design layout and preparing a construction cost estimate for a manufacturing
facility. Once the planning is completed, our Board of Directors will then
decide on the actual building of the manufacturing facility. In addition, as we
expand into markets outside of Mainland China, our facility needs may increase
according to business needs.
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ITEM 3--LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We may become involved in legal proceedings from time to time in the
ordinary course of business. As of the date of this report, we are not involved
in any material legal proceedings.
ITEM 4--SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
Not applicable.
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
The following table sets forth certain information regarding our executive
officers as of December 31, 2000:
NAME AGE POSITION
- ---- -------- --------------------------------------------------------
Hong Liang Lu 46 President, Chief Executive Officer and Director
Ying Wu 41 Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors, Executive Vice
President and Chief Executive Officer, China
Operations
Michael Sophie 43 Vice President of Finance, Chief Financial Officer and
Assistant Secretary
Bill Huang 38 Vice President, Chief Technology Officer
Shao-Ning J. Chou 38 Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer,
China Operations
Paul Berkowitz 48 Vice President, International Sales
Gerald Soloway 52 Vice President, Engineering
HONG LIANG LU has been our President and Chief Executive Officer and a
director since June 1991. Mr. Lu co-founded UTStarcom under its prior name,
Unitech Telecom, Inc., in June 1991, which subsequently acquired StarCom Network
Systems, Inc. in September 1995. From 1986 through December 1990, Mr. Lu was
President and Chief Executive Officer of Kyocera Unison, a majority-owned
subsidiary of Kyocera International, Inc. From 1983 until its merger with
Kyocera in 1986, he was President and Chief Executive Officer of Unison
World, Inc., a software development company. From 1979 to 1983 he was Vice
President and Chief Operating Officer of Unison World, Inc. Mr. Lu holds a B.S.
in Civil Engineering from the University of California at Berkeley.
YING WU has been our Executive Vice President and Vice Chairman of the Board
of Directors since October 1995. Mr. Wu has also been the President and Chief
Executive Officer of one of our subsidiaries, UTStarcom China, since
October 1995. From February 1991 to September 1995, Mr. Wu was a co-founder and
Senior Vice President of StarCom Network Systems, Inc., a company that marketed
and distributed third party telecommunications equipment. From 1988 to 1991,
Mr. Wu was a member of the staff of Bellcore Laboratories. From 1987 through
1988, Mr. Wu was a consultant at AT&T Bell Labs. He holds a B.S. in Electrical
Engineering from Beijing Industrial University and an M.S. in Electrical
Engineering from the New Jersey Institute of Technology.
MICHAEL SOPHIE has been our Vice President of Finance and Chief Financial
Officer since August 1999. Prior to joining our company, Mr. Sophie held
executive positions at P-Com, Inc. from August 1993 to August 1999 as Vice
President Finance, Chief Financial Officer and Group President. From 1989
through 1993, Mr. Sophie was Vice President of Finance at Loral Fairchild
Corporation. He holds a B.S. degree from California State University, Chico and
an M.B.A. from the University of Santa Clara.
23
BILL HUANG has been our Chief Technology Officer since September 1999. From
December 1996 to September 1999, he was our Vice President of Strategic Product
Planning. From June 1995 to December 1996, Mr. Huang served as our Vice
President, China Operations. From 1994 to June 1995, Mr. Huang was our Director,
Engineering. From 1992 to 1994, he was a Member of the Technical Staff and
Project Leader at AT&T Systems. Mr. Huang serves on the board of Shenzhen Gin De
(Group) Ltd., a real estate investment company in China. Mr. Huang holds a B.S.
in Electrical Engineering from Huazhong University of Science & Technology, and
an M.S. in Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences from the University of
Illinois.
SHAO-NING J. CHOU has been our Executive Vice President and Chief Operating
Officer of China Operations since January 1999. From March 1997 to
December 1998, he was Vice President of China Operations and from July 1996 to
March 1997, he served as Vice President of Engineering. From March 1995 to
June 1996, he was Director of Engineering for wireless systems and software with
Lucent Technologies Microelectronics IC group. From April 1993 to March 1995, he
was a Technical Manager for the Global Wireless product group with AT&T consumer
products where he led multiple development teams for handset and wireless
personal base station products. From July 1985 to April 1993, Mr. Chou was team
leader and a member of the technical staff for advanced digital communication
research in AT&T Bell Laboratories where he led and engaged in data
communication equipment and multimedia product development. Mr. Chou holds a
B.S. in Electrical Engineering from City College of New York, an M.S. in
Engineering from Princeton University and an M.B.A. from the State University of
New Jersey, Rutgers.
PAUL BERKOWITZ has been our Vice President of International Sales since
November 1998. From July 1996 to November 1998, he was our Vice President of
Product Management & Planning, and from December 1995 to June 1996, he served as
our Vice President of Engineering. From 1994 to 1995, Mr. Berkowitz was Director
of Application Software of AT&T Network Systems where he managed, among other
things, an international team in marketing, architecture, and development of
software involving a portfolio of advanced GUI and client-server products for
telecommunications services. Between 1992 and 1994, he led the planning and
development effort for a 1 Gigabit/sec Asynchronous Transfer Mode switch support
Wide Area Network services including TDM and Frame Relay in the AT&T Paradyne
Unit. Mr. Berkowitz has been granted four patents and holds a B.S. and an M.S.
in Electrical Engineering from Columbia University.
GERALD SOLOWAY has been our Vice President of Engineering since
January 1999. From April 1998 to January 1999, he served as our Director of
Strategic Marketing. Prior to this, Dr. Soloway worked for Lucent Technologies,
formerly Bell Labs, for 29 years. At Lucent, Dr. Soloway held executive
positions in Consumer Products, Business Terminal Development, PBX Systems
Engineering, Key System Development and Access Systems Development. He holds a
Ph.D. from Polytechnic Institute of New York, an M.S. from New York University,
and a B.S. from Cooper Union, all in Electrical Engineering. Dr. Soloway also
holds seven patents in communications and computer graphics technology.
24
PART II
ITEM 5-- MARKET FOR UTSTARCOM, INC.'S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER
MATTERS
FISCAL 2000 HIGH LOW
- ----------- -------- --------
First Quarter from March 3, 2000........................... $ 93.50 $41.00
Second Quarter............................................. $79.625 $16.75
Third Quarter.............................................. $ 32.88 $18.00
Fourth Quarter............................................. $ 23.00 $12.31
Our common stock has been traded in The Nasdaq Stock Market under the symbol
UTSI since our initial public offering on March 3, 2000. The preceding table
sets forth the high and low closing sales prices per share of our common stock
as reported on The Nasdaq National Market for the periods indicated. As of
December 31, 2000 we had approximately 250 stockholders of record.
To date, we have not paid any cash dividends on our common stock. We
currently anticipate that we will retain any available funds to finance the
growth and operation of our business and we do not anticipate paying any cash
dividends in the foreseeable future. Certain present or future agreements may
limit or prevent the payment of dividends on our common stock.
We raised net proceeds of $189.4 million from our initial public offering on
March 3, 2000. As of December 31, 2000, we had not used any of the net proceeds
and the entire amount of net proceeds remains in our cash and cash equivalents
and short-term investments accounts. The net proceeds are expected to be used
for general corporate purposes, including working capital and capital
expenditures. The amounts actually expended for such purposes may vary
significantly and will depend on a number of factors, including our future
revenues and cash generated by operations and the other factors described under
"Factors Affecting Future Operating Results". Accordingly, we retain broad
discretion in the allocation of the net proceeds of the offering. A portion of
the net proceeds may also be used to acquire or invest in complementary
businesses, technologies or product offerings. At December 31, 2000, there are
no material agreements or commitments with respect to any acquisition or
investment activities.
25
ITEM 6--SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
You should read the selected financial data set forth below in conjunction
with "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations" and our Financial Statements and the Notes thereto included
elsewhere in this report. Historical results are not necessarily indicative of
results that may be expected for any future period.
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
----------------------------------------------------
2000 1999 1998 1997 1996
-------- -------- -------- -------- --------
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS DATA:
Net sales................................................... $368,646 $187,516 $105,167 $75,597 $35,542
Cost of sales (includes deferred stock compensation expense
of $90, $12, $0, $0 and $0)............................... 240,465 112,703 64,142 48,795 22,322
-------- -------- -------- ------- -------
Gross profit................................................ 128,181 74,813 41,025 26,802 13,220
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative (includes deferred
stock compensation expense of $4,676, $4,256, $390, $0
and $0)................................................. 48,055 35,122 23,211 21,211 8,042
Research and development (includes deferred stock
compensation expense of $6,795, $1,285, $22, $0 and
$0)..................................................... 41,452 18,648 14,681 8,941 3,899
Amortization of intangible assets......................... 4,894 332 120 40 42
In-process research and development....................... -- 3,992 -- -- --
-------- -------- -------- ------- -------
Total operating expenses................................ 94,401 58,094 38,012 30,192 11,983
Operating income (loss)..................................... 33,780 16,719 3,013 (3,390) 1,237
Interest and other income (expenses)........................ 10,829 (2,212) (1,138) 2,033 858
Equity in net income (loss) of affiliated companies......... (288) 1,348 (773) 73 (291)
-------- -------- -------- ------- -------
Income (loss) before income taxes and minority interest..... 44,321 15,855 1,102 (1,284) 1,804
Income tax expense.......................................... 14,021 626 1,423 400 575
Minority interest in (earnings) loss of consolidated
subsidiaries.............................................. (2,307) (2,110) 914 301 (743)
-------- -------- -------- ------- -------
Income (loss) from continuing operations.................... 27,993 13,119 593 (1,383) 486
Income (loss) from discontinued operations.................. -- (1,656) (893) 1,413 301
-------- -------- -------- ------- -------
Net income (loss)........................................... 27,993 11,463 (300) 30 787
Preferred stock dividend.................................... -- -- -- -- (1,097)
Beneficial conversion feature of Series F preferred stock... -- (29,977) -- -- --
Cumulative effect on prior years of the application of SAB
101 "Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements"......... (980) -- -- -- --
-------- -------- -------- ------- -------
Net income (loss) applicable to common stockholders......... $ 27,013 $(18,514) $ (300) $ 30 $ (310)
Earnings (loss) per share:
Basic....................................................... $ 0.34 $ (2.13) $ (0.04) $ -- $ (0.04)
======== ======== ======== ======= =======
Diluted..................................................... $ 0.27 $ (2.13) $ -- $ -- $ (0.04)
======== ======== ======== ======= =======
Proforma amounts assuming application of SAB101 "Revenue
Rocognition in Financial Statements" is applied
retroactively:
Net income (loss) applicable to common stockholders......... $ 27,993 $(19,494) $ (300) $ 30 $ (310)
Earnings (loss) per share:
Basic....................................................... $ 0.35 $ (2.25) $ (0.04) $ -- $ (0.04)
======== ======== ======== ======= =======
Diluted..................................................... $ 0.27 $ (2.25) $ -- $ -- $ (0.04)
======== ======== ======== ======= =======
Shares used in per share calculations:
Basic....................................................... 79,696 8,678 7,582 7,320 8,344
======== ======== ======== ======= =======
Diluted..................................................... 101,867 8,678 77,050 7,320 8,344
======== ======== ======== ======= =======
AS OF DECEMBER 31,
----------------------------------------------------
2000 1999 1998 1997 1996
-------- -------- -------- -------- --------
(IN THOUSANDS)
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET DATA:
Cash and cash equivalents................................... $149,112 $87,364 $17,626 $35,049 $18,246
Working capital............................................. 369,861 126,637 57,416 59,076 34,382
Total assets................................................ 591,837 271,788 142,121 101,097 49,610
Total short-term debt....................................... 43,381 43,338 38,426 1,579 1,127
Long-term debt.............................................. 12,048 -- -- -- --
Convertible preferred stock................................. -- -- -- -- 39,912
Total stockholders' equity.................................. 412,319 165,720 72,336 72,513 39,519
26
ITEM 7-- MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS
OF OPERATIONS
OVERVIEW
We provide communications equipment for service providers that operate
wireless and wireline networks in rapidly growing communications markets. Our
integrated suite of network access systems, optical transmission products and
subscriber terminal products allows service providers to offer efficient and
scalable voice, data and Internet access services. Service providers can easily
integrate our standards-based systems into their existing networks and deploy
our systems in new broadband, IP-based and wireless network rollouts. To date,
substantially all of our sales have been to service providers in China.
We incorporated in Delaware as Unitech Industries Inc. in 1991. Since our
incorporation, we have focused our resources on developing products for China's
communications market. We shipped our first network access products in 1993. In
1994, we changed our name to Unitech Telecom, Inc. In 1995, we acquired StarCom
Network Systems, Inc. and changed our name to UTStarcom, Inc. During 1996, we
introduced our advanced, V5.1 and V5.2 compliant, multi-service network access
product, the AN-2000. Late in 1996, we introduced our PAS wireless access
system. In December 1999, we completed the acquisition of Wacos, Inc., a
research and development subsidiary that develops IP-based switching systems. As
part of our business operations in China, we have established a wholly owned
subsidiary and three joint ventures in that country.
To date, we have derived substantially all of our revenues from sales of
communications equipment to service providers in China. Each of the
Telecommunications Bureaus to whom we sell our equipment in China is part of the
China Telecom system and subject to its ultimate control. However, equipment
purchasing decisions are generally made at the individual Telecommunications
Bureau level. Our customers often make a large initial purchase of our equipment
followed by supplemental purchases of enhancements and upgrades. As a result,
our largest revenue-producing customers typically vary from period-to-period.
Almost 99% of our sales for the twelve months ended December 31, 2000 were
made in China. Accordingly, our business, financial condition and results of
operations may be influenced by the political, economic and legal environment in
China, and by the general state of China's economy. Our operations in China are
subject to special considerations and significant risks not typically associated
with companies in the United States. These include risks associated with, among
others, the political, economic and legal environments and foreign currency
exchange. Our results may be adversely affected by, among other things, changes
in the political, economic and social conditions in China, and by changes in
governmental policies with respect to laws and regulations, changes in China's
telecommunications industry and regulatory rules and policies, anti-inflationary
measures, currency conversion and remittance abroad, and rates and methods of
taxation.
Specifically, remittances from China which are of a capital nature, such as
the repayment of bank loans denominated in foreign currencies, require approval
from appropriate governmental authorities before Renminbi can be used to
purchase foreign currency. Although the payment of cash dividends is permitted
so long as our subsidiaries have sufficient reserves and adequate amounts of
Renminbi to purchase foreign currency, regulations restrict the ability of our
subsidiaries to transfer funds to us through intercompany loans and advances.
We sell our products in China through a direct sales force. The evaluation
period for our products may span a year or more. Revenue from sales of equipment
is recognized on delivery when contractual obligations are substantially
complete, remaining obligations are inconsequential and perfunctory, and
collection of the resulting receivable is reasonably assured. Revenue
recognition from equipment sales with installations are recognized on final
acceptance when contractual obligations are substantially
27
complete, remaining obligations are inconsequential and perfunctory, and
collection of the resulting receivable is reasonably assured. Where multiple
elements exist, revenue is allocated to the different elements based upon
verifiable objective evidence and recognized on completion of the element.
Cost of sales consists primarily of material costs, third party commissions,
costs associated with assembly and testing of products, costs associated with
installation and customer training and overhead and warranty costs. Cost of
sales also includes import taxes on components.
Our gross profit has been affected by material costs, product mix, average
selling prices, and the type of distribution channel through which we sell our
products. Our gross profit, as a percentage of net sales, varies among our
product families. The gross profits, as a percentage of net sales, on our mobile
phone handsets are very low. We expect that our overall gross profit, as a
percentage of net sales, will fluctuate from period to period as a result of
shifts in product mix, anticipated decreases in average selling prices and our
ability to reduce product costs.
Selling, general and administrative expenses include compensation and
benefits, professional fees, sales commissions, provision for uncollectible
accounts receivable and travel and entertainment costs. We intend to pursue
aggressive selling and marketing campaigns and to expand our direct sales
organization and, as a result, our sales and marketing expenses will increase in
future periods. We also expect that in support of our continued growth and our
operations as a public company general and administrative expenses will continue
to increase for the foreseeable future.
Research and development expenses consist primarily of salaries and related
costs of employees engaged in research, design and development activities, the
cost of parts for prototypes, equipment depreciation and third party development
expenses. We believe that continued investment in research and development is
critical to our long-term success. Accordingly, we expect that our research and
development expenses will increase in future periods.
In connection with the grant of stock options to some of our employees, we
recorded net deferred compensation of $2.4 million during 2000 and
$15.9 million during 1999, representing the difference between the deemed fair
value of common stock for accounting purposes and the option exercise price for
these options at the date of grant. In connection with grants to non-employees
during 1999, we recorded deferred compensation of $7.4 million. Deferred
compensation is presented as a reduction of stockholders' equity, with
amortization recorded over the vesting period of the option, which is generally
four years. We recorded stock compensation expense of approximately
$11.6 million during 2000 and $5.6 million during 1999. At December 31, 2000,
approximately $6.5 million remained to be amortized.
Amortization of intangible assets consists primarily of the amortization of
intangible assets associated with acquisitions in China and our acquisition of
the minority interest in our Wacos, Inc. subsidiary.
Consolidated equity in net income (loss) of affiliated companies comprises
our share of the earnings from our Guangdong manufacturing subsidiary, which is
accounted for using the equity method as the Company does not have voting
control over all significant matters.
Under current regulations in China, foreign investment enterprises that have
been accredited as technologically advanced enterprises are entitled to
additional tax incentives. These tax incentives vary in different locales and
could include preferential national enterprise income tax treatment at 50% of
the usual rates for different periods of time. All of our active subsidiaries in
China were accredited as technologically advanced enterprises.
Minority interest in (earnings) loss of consolidated subsidiaries represents
the share of earnings in our Zhejiang manufacturing joint venture that is owned
by our subsidiary partner.
28
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following table sets forth the percentage of net sales represented by
certain items reflected in our consolidated statements of operations:
YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31,
------------------------------
2000 1999 1998
-------- -------- --------
PERCENTAGE OF NET SALES:
Net sales................................................... 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Cost of sales............................................... 65.2 60.1 61.0
----- ----- -----
Gross profit................................................ 34.8 39.9 39.0
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative....................... 13.1 18.7 22.1
Research and development.................................. 11.2 10.0 13.9
Amortization of intangible assets......................... 1.3 0.2 0.1
In-process research and development....................... -- 2.1 --
----- ----- -----
Total operating expenses................................ 25.6 31.0 36.1
Operating income............................................ 9.2 8.9 2.9
Interest and other income (expenses)........................ 2.9 (1.2) (1.1)
Equity in net income (loss) of affiliated companies......... (0.1) 0.7 (0.7)
----- ----- -----
Income before income taxes and minority interest............ 12.0 8.4 1.1
Income tax expense.......................................... 3.8 0.3 1.4
Minority interest in (earnings) loss of consolidated
subsidiaries.............................................. (0.6) (1.1) 0.9
----- ----- -----
Income from continuing operations........................... 7.6 7.0 0.6
Loss from discontinued operations........................... -- (0.9) (0.8)
----- ----- -----
Net income (loss) before cumulative effect.................. 7.6 6.1 (0.2)
Beneficial conversion feature of Series F preferred stock... (16.0)
Cumulative effect on prior years of the application of SAB
101 "Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements"......... (0.3) -- --
----- ----- -----
Net income (loss) applicable to common stockholders......... 7.3% (9.9)% (0.2)%
COMPARISON OF YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2000 AND DECEMBER 31, 1999
NET SALES. Our net sales increased 96.6% to $368.6 million in 2000 from
$187.5 million in 1999. This increase was primarily due to an increase in sales
volume of our PAS system. In 2000, sales to Hangzhou Telecommunications Bureau
accounted for 12.1% of our net sales. In 1999, sales to Xian Telecommunications
Bureau and Kunming Telecommunications Bureau accounted for 30.2% and 10.7% of
our net sales, respectively.
GROSS PROFIT. Gross profit increased 71.3% to $128.2 million in 2000 from
$74.8 million in 1999. Gross profit, as a percentage of net sales, decreased to
34.8% in 2000 from 39.9% in 1999. The decrease in gross profit, as a percentage
of net sales, was primarily due to increases in sales of lower margin handsets,
which comprised 28.9% of sales in 2000 compared to 9.6% in 1999.
SELLING, GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE. Selling, general and administrative
expenses increased 36.8% to $48.1 million in 2000 from $35.1 million in 1999.
The increase in selling, general and administrative expenses was primarily due
to increased sales and administrative personnel and related expenses, including
sales commissions, associated with the growth in net sales and the expansion of
our overall level of business activities. Selling, general and administrative
expenses as a percentage of net sales decreased to 13.1% in 2000 from 18.7% in
1999. The decrease in selling, general and
29
administrative expenses as a percentage of net sales was primarily due to
economies of scale associated with the significant increases in net sales. We
expect our selling, general and administrative expenses to increase in absolute
dollar amounts in future periods as sales and marketing activities increase and
we further invest in infrastructure and incur additional expenses related to
anticipated growth of our business and operation as a publicly held company.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT. Research and development expenses increased 122.3% to
$41.5 million in 2000 from $18.6 million in 1999. The increase in research and
development expenses was primarily due to the hiring of additional technical
personnel, increased prototype expenses and licensing fees to support our
research and development efforts, and non-cash stock compensation expense which
increased to $6.8 million in 2000 from $1.3 million in 1999. Stock compensation
expense is related to certain stock option grants to employees and non-employees
that we are amortizing over the periods of the applicable options. As a
percentage of net sales, research and development expenses increased to 11.2% in
2000 from 10.0% in 1999. We expect our research and development expenses to
increase in absolute dollar amounts in future periods as we expand our research
and development organization to support new product development.
AMORTIZATION OF INTANGIBLE ASSETS. Amortization of intangible assets increased
to $4.9 million in 2000 from $0.3 million in 1999. The increase in amortization
of intangible assets was due to the increase in amortization associated with our
December 1999 acquisition of the portion of our Wacos, Inc. subsidiary owned by
the minority shareholders.
IN-PROCESS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COSTS. In-process research and development
costs resulted from our acquisition of the non-affiliated minority interest in
our Wacos, Inc., subsidiary in December 1999. The aggregate purchase price of
Wacos, Inc. was approximately $28.0 million which, based upon an independent
appraisal by Willamette Management Associates of all the assets acquired and
liabilities assumed, was allocated to the specifically identifiable tangible and
intangible assets acquired. Intangible assets included approximately
$4.0 million of in-process research and development which was charged to
operations in December 1999, $0.2 million of assembled workforce and
approximately $23.6 million of excess purchase price over the fair market values
of the tangible and identified intangible assets, which is being amortized over
periods of three to five years.
INTEREST INCOME (EXPENSES), NET. Net interest income was $8.9 million in 2000
and net interest expenses were $1.0 million in 1999. The increase in interest
income was primarily due to increased interest income from higher average cash
balances as a result of the completion of our initial public offering in
March 2000 and sale of our preferred stock in November and December 1999.
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSES), NET. Net other income was $1.9 million in 2000 and net
other expenses were $1.2 million in 1999. The increase in other income was
primarily due to a one-time gain on non-trade receivables which related to
receipts of balances previously considered uncollectible.
EQUITY IN INCOME (LOSS) OF AFFILIATED COMPANIES. Consolidated equity in net loss
of affiliated companies was $0.3 million in 2000 and consolidated equity in net
income of affiliated companies was $1.3 million in 1999. The change between the
two periods was primarily due to the decrease of net income at our Guangdong
manufacturing subsidiary.
INCOME TAX EXPENSES. Income tax expenses were $14.0 million in 2000 and
$0.6 million in 1999. The increase in the income tax expenses was due to our
increasing income.
MINORITY INTEREST IN EARNINGS OF CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES. Minority interest in
earnings of consolidated subsidiaries was $2.3 million in 2000 and $2.1 million
in 1999. The change between the two periods was primarily due to the increased
profitability at our Zhejiang manufacturing subsidiary.
30
BENEFICIAL CONVERSION FEATURE. The issuance of Series F preferred stock in 1999
included a beneficial conversion feature pursuant to which the preferred shares
converted into common shares on a one-for-one basis at a price below the
expected offering price upon the completion of our initial public offering. This
resulted in a charge to net income in 1999 of approximately $30.0 million,
reducing diluted earnings per share available to common stockholders by $3.45.
CUMULATIVE EFFECT. Effective January 1, 2000, we adopted Staff Accounting
Bulletin 101 (SAB 101) issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission in
December 1999. As a result of adopting SAB 101, we changed the way we recognize
revenue in certain contracts that had previously led to revenue being recognized
as contract stages were completed and accepted. In light of the guidance issued
in SAB 101, we changed our method of revenue recognition to the point of
contractual final acceptance. In addition, certain contracts include service
requirements for which revenue was previously recognized, and costs accrued, on
contractual acceptance. In consideration of SAB 101, revenues associated with
these service requirements are being deferred until the service obligations are
completed. Due to these changes, we recorded a cumulative adjustment in first
quarter 2000 of $1.0 million (net of income taxes of $0) or $0.01 per share,
basic and diluted. The impact in 2000 of adopting SAB 101 was to reduce net
income before the cumulative effect of the accounting change by $0.3 million
with no effect on basic or diluted net income per share.
COMPARISON OF YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1999 AND DECEMBER 31, 1998
NET SALES. Our net sales increased 78.2% to $187.5 million in 1999 from
$105.2 million in 1998. This increase was primarily due to an increase in sales
volume of our PAS system. In 1999, sales to Xian Telecommunications Bureau and
Kunming Telecommunications Bureau accounted for 30.2% and 10.7% of our net
sales, respectively. In 1998, no customers accounted for over 10% of our net
sales.
GROSS PROFIT. Gross profit increased 82.4% to $74.8 million in 1999 from
$41.0 million in 1998. Gross profit, as a percentage of net sales, increased to
39.9% in 1999 from 39.0% in 1998. The increase in gross profit, as a percentage
of net sales, was primarily due to manufacturing economies of scale and
significant increases in sales of higher margin network access products and a
shift in product mix toward higher margin network access products.
SELLING, GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE. Selling, general and administrative
expenses increased 51.3% to $35.1 million in 1999 from $23.2 million in 1998.
The increase in selling, general and administrative expenses was primarily due
to increased sales and administrative personnel and related expenses, including
sales commissions, associated with the growth in net sales and the expansion of
our overall level of business activities, and non-cash stock compensation
expense which increased to $4.3 million in 1999 from $0.4 million in 1998.
Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of net sales
decreased to 18.7% in 1999 from 22.1% in 1998. The decrease in selling, general
and administrative expenses as a percentage of net sales was primarily due to
economies of scale associated with the significant increases in net sales. We
expect our selling, general and administrative expenses to increase in absolute
dollar amounts in future periods as sales and marketing activities increase and
we further invest in infrastructure and incur additional expenses related to
anticipated growth of our business and operation as a publicly held company.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT. Research and development expenses increased 26.5% to
$18.6 million in 1999 from $14.7 million in 1998. The increase in research and
development expenses was primarily due to the hiring of additional technical
personnel, increased prototype expenses and licensing fees to support our
research and development efforts, and non-cash stock compensation expense which
increased to $1.3 million in 1999 from $22,000 in 1998. As a percentage of net
sales, research and development expenses decreased to 10.0% in 1999 from 13.9%
in 1998. We expect our research and development expenses to increase in absolute
dollar amounts in future periods as we expand our research and development
organization to support new product development.
31
AMORTIZATION OF INTANGIBLE ASSETS. Amortization of intangible assets increased
to $0.3 million in 1999 from $0.1 million in 1998. The increase in amortization
of intangible assets was due to the increase in amortization associated with our
December 1999 acquisition of the portion of our Wacos, Inc. subsidiary owned by
the minority shareholders.
IN-PROCESS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COSTS. In-process research and development
costs resulted from our acquisition of the non-affiliated minority interest in
our Wacos, Inc., subsidiary in December 1999. The aggregate purchase price of
Wacos, Inc. was approximately $28.0 million which, based upon an independent
appraisal by Willamette Management Associates of all the assets acquired and
liabilities assumed, was allocated to the specifically identifiable tangible and
intangible assets acquired. Intangible assets included approximately
$4.0 million of in-process research and development which was charged to
operations in December 1999, $0.2 million of assembled workforce and
approximately $23.6 million of excess purchase price over the fair market values
of the tangible and identified intangible assets, which is being amortized over
periods of three to five years.
INTEREST INCOME (EXPENSES), NET. Net interest expenses were $1.0 million in 1999
and $0.1 million in 1998. The increase in interest expense was primarily due to
increased interest charges on higher average debt balances combined with
decreased interest income from lower average cash balances.
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSES), NET. Net other expenses were $1.2 million in 1999 and
$1.0 million in 1998. The 1999 other expense was primarily due to a loss on
asset sales. The 1998 other expense was primarily due to a loss on one
investment.
EQUITY IN INCOME (LOSS) OF AFFILIATED COMPANIES. Consolidated equity in net
income of affiliated companies was $1.3 million in 1999 and consolidated equity
in net loss of affiliated companies was $0.8 million in 1998. The change between
the two periods was primarily due to the increase of net income at our Guangdong
manufacturing subsidiary.
INCOME TAX EXPENSES. Income tax expenses were $0.6 million in 1999 and
$1.4 million in 1998. The decrease in income tax expenses was due to required
adjustments to our deferred tax asset valuation allowance, and also reflected
tax incentives and a one-time tax refund of $0.4 million in China in 1999.
MINORITY INTEREST IN (EARNINGS) LOSS OF CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES. Minority
interest in earnings of consolidated subsidiaries was $2.1 million in 1999 and
minority interest in loss of consolidated subsidiaries was $0.9 million in 1998.
The change between the two periods was primarily due to the increased
profitability at our Zhejiang manufacturing subsidiary.
LOSS FROM DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS. Loss from discontinued operations was
$1.7 million in 1999 compared to $0.9 million in 1998.
BENEFICIAL CONVERSION FEATURE. The issuance of Series F preferred stock in 1999
included a beneficial conversion feature pursuant to which the preferred shares
converted into common shares on a one-for-one basis at a price below the
expected offering price upon the completion of our initial public offering. This
resulted in a charge to net income in 1999 of approximately $30.0 million,
reducing diluted earnings per share available to common stockholders by $3.45.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
We have financed our operations through the sales of preferred stock, bank
lines of credit and our initial public offering in March 2000. In November and
December 1999, we secured private equity financing totaling $55.0 million. In
March 2000, we raised $189.4 million in net proceeds from our initial public
offering. In April 2000, we made a payment of $8.7 million to SOFTBANK to repay
a stockholder loan. In July 2000, we established a line of credit with
Commercial Bank of Hangzhou to
32
borrow up to $24.1 million. As of December 31, 2000, we have borrowed
$12.0 million under this line of credit and classified this $12.0 million
borrowings as long-term debt. As of December 31, 2000, we had working capital of
$369.9 million, including $149.1 million in cash and cash equivalents,
$83.9 million of short-term investments and $43.4 million of
Renminbi-denominated bank borrowings.
We have invested $8.0 million and may invest up to an additional
$7.0 million in an investment fund established by SOFTBANK focused on
investments in Internet companies in China. Our investment constitutes 10% of
the funding for Softbank China Holdings Pte., Ltd. ("Softbank China"), with
SOFTBANK contributing the remaining 90%. We are a passive investor and have no
decision-making authority with respect to investments by the fund. The fund has
a separate management team, and none of our employees is employed by the fund.
One of our directors serves as the Chief Executive Officer of the fund, and our
Chief Executive Officer is the chairman of the board of the fund. We are not
obligated to pay, nor do we receive, any fees in connection with services
provided to the fund. We do not know what material fees will be paid to or by
SOFTBANK or any other parties in connection with services provided to the fund.
Many of the fund's investments will be in privately held companies, many of
which can still be considered in the start-up or development stages. These
investments are inherently risky as the market for the technologies or products
the companies have under development are typically in the early stages and may
never materialize. As a result, we may experience losses in connection with this
investment in Softbank China.
Net cash used in operations in 2000 of $46.2 million was primarily due to an
increase in inventories, accounts receivable and other current and non-current
assets of $60.7 million, $81.1 million and $4.9 million, respectively. The uses
of cash were partially offset by depreciation and amortization expense of
$9.5 million, amortization of deferred stock compensation expense of
$11.6 million, and an increase in accounts payable, income taxes payable and
other current liabilities and deferred revenue of $14.1 million, $5.9 million
and $28.0 million, respectively.
Net cash used in investing activities in 2000 of $111.4 million was
primarily due to acquisition of property, plant and equipment of $19.5 million,
our $8.0 million investment in Softbank China, and the purchase of short-term
investments of $83.8 million.
Net cash provided by financing activities in 2000 of $219.3 million was
primarily due to net proceeds of $198.2 million from the issuance of common
stock through our initial public offering and exercise of stock options, and net
proceeds of $20.8 million from borrowing under our lines of credit.
Our international sales are generally denominated in local currencies. Due
to the limitations on converting Renminbi, we are limited in our ability to
engage in currency hedging activities in China. Although the impact of currency
fluctuations to date has been insignificant, we cannot guarantee that
fluctuations in currency exchange rates in the future will not have a material
adverse effect on revenues from international sales and, correspondingly, on our
business, financial condition and results of operations. We also have contracts
negotiated in Japanese Yen for purchasing portions of our inventories and
supplies. We have a multi-currency bank account in Japanese Yen for purchasing
portions of our inventories and supplies. The balance of this Japanese Yen
account as of December 31, 2000 is approximately $10.6 million.
We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents, short-term
investments and cash from operations will be sufficient to finance our
operations through at least the next 12 months. If additional financing is
needed, there can be no assurance that such financing will be available to us on
commercially reasonable terms, or at all.
33
RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
In June 1998, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued SFAS
No. 133, "Accounting for Derivatives and Hedging Activities." SFAS No. 133
establishes accounting and reporting standards for derivative instruments,
including certain derivative instruments embedded in other contracts, and for
hedging activities. In July 1999, the FASB issued SFAS No. 137, "Accounting for
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities--Deferral of the Effective Date of
FASB Statement No. 133." SFAS No. 137 deferred the effective date of SFAS
No. 133 until fiscal years beginning after June 15, 2000. We adopted SFAS
No. 133 on January 1, 2001, and the adoption is not expected to materially
impact the financial statements.
In September 2000, the FASB issued SFAS No. 140 (SFAS 140), "Accounting for
Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities,"
which revises the standards for accounting for securitizations and other
transfers of financial assets and collateral and requires entities that have
securitized financial assets to provide specific disclosures. SFAS 140 is
effective for transfers and servicing of financial assets and extinguishments of
liabilities occurring after March 31, 2001. We adopted SFAS No. 140 on
January 1, 2001, and the adoption is not expected to materially impact the
financial statements.
FACTORS AFFECTING FUTURE OPERATING RESULTS
OUR FUTURE SALES ARE UNPREDICTABLE, OUR OPERATING RESULTS ARE LIKELY TO
FLUCTUATE FROM QUARTER TO QUARTER, AND IF WE FAIL TO MEET THE EXPECTATIONS OF
SECURITIES ANALYSTS OR INVESTORS, OUR STOCK PRICE COULD DECLINE SIGNIFICANTLY
Our quarterly and annual operating results have fluctuated in the past and
are likely to fluctuate in the future due to a variety of factors, some of which
are outside of our control. As a result, period to period comparisons of our
operating results are not necessarily meaningful or indicative of future
performance. Furthermore, it is likely that in some future quarters our
operating results will fall below the expectations of securities analysts or
investors. If this occurs, the trading price of our common stock could decline.
Factors that may affect our future operating results include:
- the timing, number and size of orders for our products, as well as the
relative mix of orders for each of our products, particularly the volume
of lower margin telephone handsets;
- the evolving and unpredictable nature of the economic, regulatory and
political environments in China and other countries in which we market or
plan to market our products;
- aggressive price reductions by our competitors;
- currency fluctuations;
- market acceptance of our products and product enhancements;
- the lengthy and unpredictable sales cycles associated with sales of our
products combined with the impact of this variability on our suppliers'
ability to provide us with components on a timely basis; and
- longer collection periods of accounts receivable in China and other
countries.
The limited performance history of some of our products, our limited
forecasting experience and processes and the emerging nature of our target
markets make forecasting our future sales and operating results difficult. Our
expense levels are based, in part, on our expectations regarding future sales,
and these expenses are largely fixed, particularly in the short term. In
addition, to enable us to
34
promptly fill orders, we maintain inventories of finished goods, components and
raw materials. As a result, we commit to considerable costs in advance of
anticipated sales. In the past, a substantial portion of our sales in each
quarter resulted from orders received and shipped in that quarter, and we have
operated with a limited backlog of unfilled orders. Accordingly, we may not be
able to reduce our costs in a timely manner to compensate for any unexpected
shortfall between forecasted and actual sales. Any significant shortfall of
sales may require us to maintain higher levels of inventories of finished goods,
components and raw materials than we require, thereby increasing our risk of
inventory obsolescence and corresponding inventory write-downs and write-offs.
Although we have reserved against inventory obsolescence, we cannot guarantee
that these reserves will be adequate to offset all write-downs or write-offs.
WE HAVE A HISTORY OF LOSSES AND AN ACCUMULATED DEFICIT
As of December 31, 2000, we had an accumulated deficit of approximately
$7.8 million. We anticipate continuing to incur significant sales and marketing,
research and development and general and administrative expenses and, as a
result, we will need to generate higher revenues to sustain profitability.
Numerous factors could negatively impact our results of operations, including a
decrease in sales, price pressures and a fixed cost structure which could limit
our ability to respond to declining revenues. Although our sales have grown in
recent quarters, our past results should not be relied on as indications of our
future performance. We cannot assure you that we will be able to remain
profitable in future periods.
COMPETITION IN OUR MARKETS MAY LEAD TO REDUCED PRICES, REVENUES AND MARKET SHARE
We face intense competition in our target markets and expect competition to
increase. Our principal competitors in our various product lines include:
- PAS: Lucent Technologies, Inc. and Zhongxing Telecommunications Equipment.
- AN-2000: Advanced Fibre Communications, Inc.; Alcatel Alsthom CGE, S.A.;
Huawei Technology Co., Ltd.; Lucent; NEC Corporation; and Zhongxing.
- WACOS SYSTEM: Alcatel; Cisco Systems, Inc.; Clarent Corporation; Ericsson
LM Telephone Co.; Huawei; Lucent; Motorola, Inc.; Nokia Corporation;
Nortel Networks Corporation; Nuera Communications, Inc.; Siemens AG; and
Vienna Systems Corp.
We are increasingly facing competition from domestic companies in China. We
believe that our strongest competition in the future may come from these
companies, many of which operate under lower cost structures and more favorable
governmental policies and have much larger sales forces than we do. Furthermore,
other companies not presently offering competing products may also enter our
target markets. Many of our competitors have significantly greater financial,
technical, product development, sales, marketing and other resources than we do.
As a result, our competitors may be able to respond more quickly to new or
emerging technologies and changes in service provider requirements. Our
competitors may also be able to devote greater resources than we can to the
development, promotion and sale of new products. These competitors may also be
able to offer significant financing arrangements to service providers, in some
cases facilitated by government policies, which is a competitive advantage in
selling systems to service providers with limited financial and currency
resources. Increased competition is likely to result in price reductions,
reduced gross profit as a percentage of net sales and loss of market share, any
one of which could materially harm our business, financial condition and results
of operations.
Moreover, current and potential competitors have established or may
establish cooperative relationships among themselves or with third parties,
including Telecommunications Administrations,
35
Telecommunications Bureaus and other local organizations, to increase the
ability of their products to address the needs of prospective customers in our
target markets. Accordingly, alliances among competitors or between competitors
and third parties may emerge and rapidly acquire significant market share. To
remain competitive, we believe that we must continue to partner with
Telecommunications Administrations and other local organizations, maintain a
high level of investment in research and development and in sales and marketing,
and manufacture and deliver products to service providers on a timely basis and
without significant defects. If we fail to meet any of these objectives, our
business, financial condition and results of operations could be harmed.
The introduction of inexpensive wireless telephone service or other
competitive services in China may also have an adverse impact on sales of our
PAS system in China. We cannot assure you that we will be able to compete
successfully against current or future competitors or that competitive pressures
in the future will not materially adversely effect our business, financial
condition and results of operations.
We believe that the principal competitive factors affecting the market for
our network access products include:
- total initial cost of solution;
- short delivery and installation intervals;
- design and installation support;
- ease of integration with the backbone network;
- flexibility in supporting multiple interfaces and services;
- life-cycle cost determined by reliability; and
- manageability of the solution and scalability.
We believe we have in the past generally competed favorably with offerings
of our competitors on the basis of these factors. However, we may not be able to
compete effectively against current and future competitors based on these or any
other competitive factors in the future, and the failure to do so would have a
material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of
operations.
THE SUCCESS OF OUR BUSINESS DEPENDS ON A RELATIVELY SMALL NUMBER OF LARGE SYSTEM
DEPLOYMENTS, AND ANY CANCELLATION, REDUCTION OR DELAY IN THESE DEPLOYMENTS COULD
HARM OUR BUSINESS
Our business is characterized by large system deployments for a relatively
small number of service providers. In 2000, one customer, Hangzhou
Telecommunications Bureau, accounted for 12.1% of our net sales. Our dependence
on large system deployments makes our ability to provide systems in a timely and
cost-effective manner critically important to our business. We have in the past
experienced delays and encountered other difficulties in the installation and
implementation of our systems. Various factors could cause future delays,
including technical problems and the shortage of qualified technicians. Any
delays or difficulties in deploying our systems, or the cancellation of any
orders by service providers, could significantly harm our business.
WE DO NOT HAVE SOME OF THE LICENSES WE ARE REQUIRED TO HAVE TO SELL OUR NETWORK
ACCESS PRODUCTS IN CHINA
Beginning January 1, 1999, China's government required that all
telecommunications equipment connected to public or private telecommunications
networks within China be approved by the Ministry of Information Industry and
the manufacturer of the equipment obtain a network access license for each of
its products. Sellers are prohibited from selling or advertising for sale
equipment for which its
36
manufacturer has not obtained a network access license and may be liable for
penalties in an amount up to three times earnings from the sale of any equipment
sold beginning January 1, 1999 without a license. In addition, any unlicensed
equipment may be required to be removed from the network. Failure to obtain the
required licenses could require us to remove previously installed equipment and
would prohibit us from making further sales of the unlicensed products in China,
which would substantially harm our business.
The regulations implementing these requirements are not very detailed, have
not been applied by a court and may be interpreted and enforced by regulatory
authorities in a number of different ways. Accordingly, we have obtained an
opinion from our counsel in China as to which licenses we are required to
obtain. Based upon this counsel's advice, we believe that we have obtained the
required network access licenses for our AN-2000 system, bundled OMUX product
and standard OMUX product. We have applied for a network access license for our
PAS system. In June 2000, the Ministry of Information Industry issued an
internal notice concluding its review of PHS-based equipment. Our PAS system
will continue to be allowed in China's county-level cities and counties, which
are our primary markets for our PAS system. In large and medium-sized cities,
our PAS system may be used on a limited basis where there is a high
concentration of population, such as communities, commercial buildings and
special development zones. New city-wide PAS system deployments will not be
allowed in large and medium-size cities. The evaluation group for access
networks under the Ministry of Information Industry has recommended that the
Ministry of Information Industry issue a license for our PAS system. However, we
do not yet have this network access license and we cannot provide any assurance
that such a license will be issued for our PAS system. In addition, there is no
assurance that the Ministry of Information Industry will not conduct any further
review/evaluation of PHS-based equipment or change its order regarding PHS-based
systems in the future. We have also applied for network access licenses for
other products which we are no longer manufacturing but had previously sold to
service providers in China. Network access licenses will be required for any
additional products that we may develop for sale in China, including our WACOS
system. Based upon verbal inquiries made by our counsel in China to the Ministry
of Information Industry, we believe that for products which we sold before
January 1, 1999, such as the PAS system, no penalties will be imposed by the
Ministry of Information Industry for sales we have made or will make during the
period in which an application for a network access license is pending. However,
our counsel in China has advised us that China's governmental authorities may
interpret or apply the regulations with respect to which licenses are required
and the ability to sell a product while an application for a network access
license is pending in a manner that is inconsistent with the verbal
representation received by our counsel in China, either of which could have a
material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.
The State Council issued the Telecommunications Regulations of the People's
Republic of China on September 25, 2000 ("Telecom Regulations"). The Telecom
Regulations restate that the government implements license systems for
telecommunications terminal equipment, wireless communications equipment and
equipment used in network interconnection that is connected to public
telecommunications networks. The above equipment must meet government standards,
and a network access license must be obtained. The Telecom Regulations require
that telecommunications equipment producers must ensure that the quality of the
telecommunications equipment for which they have obtained a network access
license is stable and reliable and they may not lower the quality or performance
of their products. The State Council's product quality supervision department in
concert with the Ministry of Information Industry shall perform spot checks to
track and supervise the quality of telecommunications equipment for which a
network access license has been obtained and publish the results of such spot
checks. Because the Telecom Regulations are new and quite general and have not
been further interpreted by the government, we have been unable to ascertain
detailed guidance on the license system for telecommunications equipment
connected to the network.
37
OUR BUSINESS MAY SUFFER IF WE ARE UNABLE TO COLLECT PAYMENTS FROM OUR CUSTOMERS
ON A TIMELY BASIS
Our customers often must make a significant commitment of capital to
purchase our products. As a result, any downturn in a customer's business that
affected the customer's ability to pay us could harm our financial condition.
Moreover, accounts receivable collection cycles historically tend to be much
longer in China than in other markets. The failure of any of our customers to
make timely payments could require us to write-off accounts receivable or
increase our accounts receivable reserves, either of which could adversely
affect our financial condition.
A DECLINE IN BUSINESS ACTIVITY DURING CHINA'S LUNAR NEW YEAR MAY RESULT IN
DECREASED SALES DURING OUR FIRST QUARTER
Business activity in China declines considerably during the first quarter of
each year in observance of the Lunar New Year. As a result, sales during the
first quarter of our fiscal year have in the past typically been lower than
sales during the fourth quarter of the preceding year and we expect this trend
to continue in the future. We will continue to face this seasonality in the
future and do not have the ability to forecast with any degree of certainty the
impact of the decreased business activity during the Lunar New Year on our sales
and operating results.
OUR MARKET IS SUBJECT TO RAPID TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE, AND TO COMPETE EFFECTIVELY,
WE MUST CONTINUALLY INTRODUCE NEW PRODUCTS THAT ACHIEVE MARKET ACCEPTANCE
The emerging market for communications equipment in developing countries is
characterized by rapid technological developments, frequent new product
introductions and evolving industry and regulatory standards. Our success will
depend in large part on our ability to enhance our network access and switching
technologies and develop and introduce new products and product enhancements
that anticipate changing service provider requirements and technological
developments. We may need to make substantial capital expenditures and incur
significant research and development costs to develop and introduce new products
and enhancements. If we fail to timely develop and introduce new products or
enhancements to existing products that effectively respond to technological
change, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be
materially adversely affected.
From time to time, we or our competitors may announce new products or
product enhancements, services or technologies that have the potential to
replace or shorten the life cycles of our products and that may cause customers
to defer purchasing our existing products, resulting in inventory obsolescence.
Future technological advances in the communications industry may diminish or
inhibit market acceptance of our existing or future products or render our
products obsolete.
Even if we are able to develop and introduce new products, we cannot assure
you that they will gain market acceptance. Market acceptance of our products
will depend on various factors including:
- our ability to obtain necessary approvals from regulatory organizations;
- the perceived advantages of the new products over competing products;
- our ability to attract customers who have existing relationships with our
competitors;
- product cost relative to performance; and
- the level of customer service available to support new products.
Specifically, sales of our AN-2000 system outside of China depend, in part,
on the adoption of the V5.2 standard in these markets. Additionally, sales of
our Personal Access System, or PAS, the mobile component of our PAS wireless
system, will depend in part upon consumer acceptance of the mobility
38
limitations of this service. The introduction of inexpensive wireless telephone
service or other competitive services in China may have a material adverse
effect on sales of our PAS systems in China. If our existing or new products
fail to achieve market acceptance for any reason, our business could be
seriously harmed.
OUR BUSINESS WILL SUFFER IF WE ARE UNABLE TO DELIVER QUALITY PRODUCTS ON A
TIMELY AND COST EFFECTIVE BASIS
Our operating results depend on our ability to manufacture products on a
timely and cost effective basis. In the past, we have experienced reductions in
yields as a result of various factors, including defects in component parts and
human error in assembly. If we experience a deterioration in manufacturing
performance or a delay in production of any of our products, we could experience
delays in shipments and cancellations of orders. Moreover, networking products
frequently contain undetected software or hardware defects when first introduced
or as new versions are released. In addition, our products are often embedded in
or deployed in conjunction with service providers' products which incorporate a
variety of components produced by third parties. As a result, when a problem
occurs, it may be difficult to identify the source of the problem. These
problems may cause us to incur significant warranty and repair costs, divert the
attention of our engineering personnel from our product development efforts and
cause significant customer relation problems or loss of customers, any one of
which could harm our business.
If future demand for our products requires additional manufacturing
capacity, we may invest in and build additional manufacturing facilities, most
likely in China. However, we cannot assure you that the new manufacturing
facilities will attain the same quality or level of efficiencies as our existing
facilities. Alternatively, or in addition, we may contract with third party
manufacturing facilities over which we may be unable to exercise the same degree
of quality control as we can over our own facilities. We currently have no
arrangements with any independent manufacturing facility, and we may not be able
to obtain independent manufacturing sources on commercially attractive terms if
and when needed.
WE DEPEND ON SOME SOLE SOURCE AND OTHER KEY SUPPLIERS FOR HANDSETS, COMPONENTS
AND MATERIALS USED IN OUR PRODUCTS, AND IF THESE SUPPLIERS FAIL TO PROVIDE US
WITH ADEQUATE SUPPLIES OF HIGH QUALITY PRODUCTS AT COMPETITIVE PRICES, OUR
COMPETITIVE POSITION, REPUTATION AND BUSINESS COULD BE HARMED
Some components and materials used in our products are purchased from a
single supplier or a limited group of suppliers. If any supplier is unwilling or
unable to provide us with high quality components and materials in the
quantities required and at the costs specified by us, we may not be able to find
alternative sources on favorable terms, in a timely manner, or at all. Our
inability to obtain or to develop alternative sources if and as required could
result in delays or reductions in manufacturing or product shipments. Moreover,
these suppliers may delay product shipments or supply us with inferior quality
products. If any of these events occur, our competitive position, reputation and
business could suffer.
OUR ABILITY TO SOURCE A SUFFICIENT QUANTITY OF HIGH QUALITY HANDSETS AND OTHER
COMPONENTS USED IN OUR PRODUCTS MAY BE LIMITED BY CHINA'S IMPORT RESTRICTIONS
AND DUTIES AS WELL AS OUR ABILITY TO OBTAIN SUFFICIENT DOMESTIC MANUFACTURING
CAPACITY
We require a significant number of imported components to manufacture our
products in China. Imported electronic components and other imported goods used
in the operation of our business are subject to a variety of permit
requirements, approval procedures and import duties. Failure to obtain
39
necessary permits or approvals, administrative actions by China's government to
limit imports of certain components, or non-payment of required import duties
could subject us to penalties and fines and could adversely affect our ability
to manufacture and sell our products in China. In addition, import duties
increase the cost of our products and may make them less competitive.
In particular, an integral component of our PAS system is the handset used
by subscribers to make and receive mobile telephone calls. Our inability to
obtain a sufficient number of high quality handsets could severely harm our
business. A worldwide shortage of handsets existed in 2000, and there continues
to be a shortage in low-priced handsets, which we have found to be popular with
many consumers in China. Although we have contracted with Japanese vendors to
manufacture handsets under the UTStarcom label, we cannot assure you that they
will be able to supply adequate quantities of handsets. Moreover, we must pay an
import duty on each handset that we import into China, which may result in a
competitive cost advantage for our competitors who produce handsets in China. As
a result, we are evaluating various manufacturing alternatives within China. We
are in the early stages of utilizing third parties to manufacture handsets for
us in China. However, these manufacturers may be unable to produce adequate
quantities of high-quality handsets to meet the demand of our customers. We
continue to develop the capacity to manufacture our own handsets. However, we
may be unsuccessful in our efforts to do so. Additionally, to comply with
manufacturing regulations in China we will need to obtain components for our
handsets from local sources. These sources may not be able to produce adequate
quantities of components that meet our quality standards.
IF WE ARE UNABLE TO EXPAND OUR DIRECT SALES OPERATION IN CHINA AND INDIRECT
DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS ELSEWHERE OR SUCCESSFULLY MANAGE OUR EXPANDED SALES
ORGANIZATION, OUR OPERATING RESULTS MAY SUFFER
Our distribution strategy focuses primarily on developing and expanding our
direct sales organization in China and our indirect distribution channels
outside of China. We may not be able to successfully expand our direct sales
organization in China and the cost of any expansion may exceed the revenue
generated from these efforts. Even if we are successful in expanding our direct
sales organization in China, we may not be able to compete successfully against
the significantly larger and better-funded sales and marketing operations of
current or potential competitors. In addition, if we fail to develop
relationships with significant international resellers or manufacturers'
representatives, or if these resellers or representatives are not successful in
their sales or marketing efforts, we may be unsuccessful in our expansion
efforts outside China.
WE EXPECT AVERAGE SELLING PRICES OF OUR PRODUCTS TO DECREASE WHICH MAY REDUCE
OUR REVENUES, AND, AS A RESULT, WE MUST INTRODUCE NEW PRODUCTS AND REDUCE OUR
COSTS IN ORDER TO MAINTAIN PROFITABILITY
The average selling prices for communications access and switching systems
and subscriber terminal products, such as handsets, in China have been declining
as a result of a number of factors, including:
- increased competition;
- aggressive price reductions by competitors;
- rapid technological change; and
- price and performance enhancements.
40
We have in the past experienced and expect in the future to experience
substantial period-to-period fluctuations in operating results due to declining
average selling prices. We anticipate that average selling prices of our
products will decrease in the future in response to product introductions by us
or our competitors or other factors, including price pressures from customers.
Therefore, we must continue to develop and introduce new products and
enhancements to existing products that incorporate features that can be sold at
higher average selling prices. Failure to do so could cause our revenues and
gross profit, as a percentage of net sales, to decline.
Our cost reduction efforts may not allow us to keep pace with competitive
pricing pressures or lead to improved gross profit, as a percentage of net
sales. In order to be competitive, we must continually reduce the cost of
manufacturing our products through design and engineering changes. We may not be
successful in redesigning our products or delivering our products to market in a
timely manner. We cannot assure you that any redesign will result in sufficient
cost reductions to allow us to reduce the prices of our products to remain
competitive or to improve or maintain our gross profit, as a percentage of net
sales.
SHIFTS IN OUR PRODUCT MIX MAY RESULT IN DECLINES IN GROSS MARGIN PERCENTAGE OF
NET SALES
Our gross profit margin percentage of net sales varies among our product
groups. Our gross margin percentage of net sales is generally higher on our
access network system products and our gross margin percentage of net sales is
significantly lower on our handset products. We also anticipate that the gross
margin percentage of net sales may be lower for our newly developed products due
to start-up costs and may improve as unit volumes increase and efficiency can be
realized. Our overall gross margin percentage of net sales has fluctuated from
period to period as a result of shifts in product mix, the introduction of new
products, decreases in average selling prices for older products and our ability
to reduce product costs. As a result of a growth in sales of handset products
over the past few quarters, we have experienced a sustained product shift toward
a greater percentage of handset products resulting in a decline in overall gross
margin percentage of net sales. In addition, we expect to introduce new products
in the future periods. As a result of these recent trends, a potential decrease
in overall gross margin percentage of net sales may be experienced.
SERVICE PROVIDERS SOMETIMES EVALUATE OUR PRODUCTS FOR LONG AND UNPREDICTABLE
PERIODS WHICH CAUSES THE TIMING OF PURCHASES AND OUR RESULTS OF OPERATIONS TO BE
UNPREDICTABLE
The period of time between our initial contact with a service provider and
the receipt of an actual purchase order may span a year or more. During this
time, service providers may subject our products to an extensive and lengthy
evaluation process before making a purchase. The length of these qualification
processes may vary substantially by product and service provider, making our
results of operations unpredictable. We may incur substantial sales and
marketing expenses and expend significant management effort during this process,
which ultimately may not result in a sale. These qualification processes often
make it difficult to obtain new customers, as service providers are reluctant to
expend the resources necessary to qualify a new supplier if they have one or
more existing qualified sources.
OUR INABILITY TO EXERCISE COMPLETE CONTROL OVER OUR SUBSIDIARIES MAY BE
DETRIMENTAL TO OUR BUSINESS
A considerable portion of our operations is and will continue to be
conducted through direct and indirect subsidiaries. For example, we own an 88%
interest in a joint venture which operates the Zhejiang manufacturing facility
and a 51% interest in a joint venture which operates the Guangdong manufacturing
facility. Even though we may own a majority interest in these joint ventures, we
do not have sole power to control all of the policies and decisions of these
jointly-owned subsidiaries.
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Under the law of China governing Sino-foreign joint ventures, equity holders
exercise rights primarily through the board of directors, which constitutes the
highest authority of the joint venture. Although we own a majority of the
Guangdong joint venture, we are only entitled to appoint a minority of the
directors to the joint venture's board of directors, which prevents us from
controlling the actions of the board. Moreover, even though we hold a majority
of the board seats in the Zhejiang joint venture, China law requires unanimous
approval of the board of directors for some significant corporate actions,
including:
- amendment of the Articles of Association of the joint venture;
- liquidation or dissolution of the joint venture;
- any increase, decrease or transfer of equity interests of any party to the
joint venture; and
- a merger of the joint venture with another economic entity.
Our operating results and cash flow depend on the operating results and cash
flow of our subsidiaries and the payment of funds by those subsidiaries to us.
These subsidiaries are separate and distinct legal entities and have no
obligation, contingent or otherwise, to pay dividends or otherwise provide
financial benefits to us. Moreover, with respect to our Guangdong manufacturing
joint venture, any payment of dividends to us must be agreed to by our joint
venture partner, whose interests in receiving dividend distributions may not
coincide with ours. In addition, applicable law in some countries including
China limits the ability of a subsidiary to pay dividends for various reasons
including the absence of sufficient distributable reserves. In the event of any
insolvency, bankruptcy or similar proceedings, creditors of the subsidiaries
would generally be entitled to priority over us with respect to assets of the
affected subsidiary. In addition, because our joint venture partners in both
Zhejiang and Guangdong provinces are affiliated with the provincial
Telecommunications Administrations that operate the telecommunication networks
in these areas, if we fail to maintain these joint ventures, sales to our
customers located in these areas may decrease.
OUR MULTI-NATIONAL OPERATIONS SUBJECT US TO VARIOUS ECONOMIC, POLITICAL,
REGULATORY AND LEGAL RISKS
We market and sell our products in China and other markets. The expansion of
our existing multi-national operations and entry into additional international
markets will require significant management attention and financial resources.
Multi-national operations are subject to inherent risks, including:
- difficulties in designing products that are compatible with varying
international communications standards;
- longer accounts receivable collection periods and greater difficulty in
accounts receivable collection;
- unexpected changes in regulatory requirements;
- changes to import and export regulations, including quotas, tariffs and
other trade barriers;
- delays or difficulties in obtaining export and import licenses;
- potential foreign exchange controls and repatriation controls on foreign
earnings;
- exchange rate fluctuations and currency conversion restrictions;
- the burdens of complying with a variety of foreign laws and regulations;
- difficulties and costs of staffing and managing multi-national operations;
- reduced protection for intellectual property rights in some countries;
42
- potentially adverse tax consequences; and
- political and economic instability.
Multinational companies are required to establish intercompany pricing for
transactions between their separate legal entities operating in different taxing
jurisdictions. These intercompany transactions are subject to audit by taxing
authorities in the jurisdictions in which multinational companies operate. An
additional tax liability may be incurred if it is determined that intercompany
pricing was not done at arm's length. We believe we have adequately estimated
and recorded our liability arising from intercompany pricing, but we cannot
assure you that an additional tax liability will not result from audits of our
intercompany pricing policies.
In markets outside of China, we rely on a number of original equipment
manufacturers, or OEMs, and third-party distributors and agents to market and
sell our network access products. If these OEMs, distributors or agents fail to
provide the support and effort necessary to service developing markets
effectively, our ability to maintain or expand our operations outside of China
will be negatively impacted. We cannot assure you that we will successfully
compete in these markets, that our products will be accepted or that we will
successfully overcome the risks associated with international operations.
Our international sales are generally denominated in local currencies. Due
to the limitations on converting Renminbi, we are limited in our ability to
engage in currency hedging activities in China. Although the impact of currency
fluctuations to date has been insignificant, fluctuations in currency exchange
rates in the future may have a material adverse effect on our results of
operations. We have a multi-currency bank account in Japanese Yen for purchasing
portions of our inventories and supplies. As of December 31, 2000, this Japanese
Yen bank account is valued at $10.6 million.
OUR FAILURE TO MEET INTERNATIONAL AND GOVERNMENTAL PRODUCT STANDARDS COULD BE
DETRIMENTAL TO OUR BUSINESS
Many of our products are required to comply with numerous government
regulations and standards, which vary by market. As standards for products
continue to evolve, we will need to modify our products or develop and support
new versions of our products to meet emerging industry standards, comply with
government regulations and satisfy the requirements necessary to obtain
approvals. Our inability to obtain regulatory approval and meet established
standards could delay or prevent our entrance into or force our departure from
markets.
OUR RECENT GROWTH HAS STRAINED OUR RESOURCES, AND IF WE ARE UNABLE TO MANAGE AND
SUSTAIN OUR GROWTH, OUR OPERATING RESULTS WILL BE NEGATIVELY AFFECTED
We have recently experienced a period of rapid growth and anticipate that we
must continue to expand our operations to address potential market
opportunities. If we fail to implement or improve systems or controls or to
manage any future growth and expansion effectively, our business could suffer.
Our expansion has placed and will continue to place a significant strain on
our management, operational, financial and other resources. Many of the members
of our management team have limited experience in the management of rapidly
growing companies. To manage our growth effectively, we will need to take
various actions, including:
- enhancing management information systems and forecasting procedures;
- further developing our operating, administrative, financial and accounting
systems and controls;
- maintaining close coordination among our engineering, accounting, finance,
marketing, sales and operations organizations;
43
- expanding, training and managing our employee base; and
- expanding our finance, administrative and operations staff.
OUR SUCCESS IS DEPENDENT ON CONTINUING TO HIRE AND RETAIN QUALIFIED PERSONNEL,
AND IF WE ARE NOT SUCCESSFUL IN ATTRACTING AND RETAINING THESE PERSONNEL, OUR
BUSINESS WOULD BE HARMED
The success of our business depends in significant part upon the continued
contributions of key technical and senior management personnel, many of whom
would be difficult to replace. In particular, our success depends in large part
on the knowledge, expertise and services of Hong Liang Lu, our President and
Chief Executive Officer, and Ying Wu, our Executive Vice President and Chief
Executive Officer of China Operations. The loss of any key employee, the failure
of any key employee to perform satisfactorily in his or her current position or
our failure to attract and retain other key technical and senior management
employees could have a significant negative impact on our operations.
To effectively manage our recent growth as well as any future growth, we
will need to recruit, train, assimilate, motivate and retain qualified
employees. Competition for qualified employees is intense, and the process of
recruiting personnel with the combination of skills and attributes required to
execute our business strategy can be difficult, time-consuming and expensive. We
are actively searching for research and development engineers and sales and
marketing personnel, who are in short supply. Additionally, we have a need for
and have experienced difficulty in finding qualified accounting personnel
knowledgeable in U.S. and China accounting standards. If we fail to attract,
hire, assimilate or retain qualified personnel, our business would be harmed.
Competitors and others have in the past and may in the future attempt to
recruit our employees. In addition, companies in the communications industry
whose employees accept positions with competitors frequently claim that the
competitors have engaged in unfair hiring practices. We may be the subject of
these types of claims in the future as we seek to hire qualified personnel. Some
of these claims may result in material litigation and disruption to our
operations. We could incur substantial costs in defending ourselves against
these claims, regardless of their merits.
ANY ACQUISITIONS THAT WE UNDERTAKE COULD BE DIFFICULT TO INTEGRATE, DISRUPT OUR
BUSINESS, DILUTE OUR STOCKHOLDERS AND HARM OUR OPERATING RESULTS
We continually evaluate acquisition prospects that would complement our
existing product offerings, augment our market coverage, enhance our
technological capabilities, or that may otherwise offer growth opportunities.
Acquisitions of other companies may result in dilutive issuances of equity
securities, the incurrence of debt and the amortization of expenses related to
goodwill and other intangible assets. In addition, acquisitions involve numerous
risks, including difficulties in the assimilation of operations, technologies,
products and personnel of the acquired company, diversion of management's
attention from other business concerns, risks of entering markets in which we
have no direct or limited prior experience, and the potential loss of key
employees of ours and the acquired company.
WE MAY EXPERIENCE DIFFICULTY IN IDENTIFYING, FORMING AND MAINTAINING NEW
BUSINESS VENTURES THAT ARE IMPORTANT TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF OUR BUSINESS, AND
INVESTMENTS IN THESE VENTURES MAY NOT GENERATE RETURNS
We have invested, and expect to continue to invest, significant capital in
new business ventures that are important to the development of our business. We
cannot assure you that we will be able to continue to identify suitable parties
for new ventures and investments in the future. The failure to form or maintain
new ventures, or to identify suitable investment opportunities, could
significantly limit our ability to expand our operations. Many of our
investments have been in privately held companies, many
44
of which can still be considered in the start-up or development stages. These
investments are inherently risky as the market for the technologies or products
they have under development are typically in the early stages and may never
materialize. Moreover, these new ventures or investments require significant
management time and will present significant challenges. We cannot assure you
that these activities will be successful or that we will realize returns on
these activities. Additionally, if any venture or investment fails, our business
could be negatively impacted.
WE MAY BE UNABLE TO ADEQUATELY PROTECT OUR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND MAY BE
SUBJECT TO CLAIMS THAT WE INFRINGE THE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY OF OTHERS, EITHER
OF WHICH COULD SUBSTANTIALLY HARM OUR BUSINESS
We rely on a combination of patents, copyrights, trade secret laws and
contractual obligations to protect our technology. Although we have applied for
several patents in the United States, one of which has been issued, as well as
in other countries, we cannot assure you that any additional patents will be
issued as a result of pending patent applications or that our issued patents
will be upheld. Moreover, we have not yet obtained patents in China. We can give
no assurance that we will be able to obtain patents in China on our products or
the technology that we use to manufacture our products. Our subsidiaries and
joint ventures in China rely upon our trademarks, technology and know-how to
manufacture and sell our products. We cannot guarantee that these and other
intellectual property protection measures will be sufficient to prevent
misappropriation of our technology or that our competitors will not
independently develop technologies that are substantially equivalent or superior
to ours. In addition, the legal systems of many foreign countries, including
China, do not protect intellectual property rights to the same extent as the
legal system of the United States. If we are unable to adequately protect our
proprietary information, our business, financial condition and results of
operations could be materially adversely affected.
The increasing dependence of the communications industry on proprietary
technology has resulted in frequent litigation based on allegations of the
infringement of patents and other intellectual property. In the future we may be
subject to litigation to defend against claimed infringements of the rights of
others or to determine the scope and validity of the proprietary rights of
others. Future litigation also may be necessary to enforce and protect our trade
secrets and other intellectual property rights. Any intellectual property
litigation could be costly and could cause diversion of management's attention
from the operation of our business. Adverse determinations in any litigation
could result in the loss of our proprietary rights, subject us to significant
liabilities or require us to seek licenses from third parties which may not be
available on commercially reasonable terms, if at all. We could also be subject
to court orders preventing us from manufacturing or selling our products.
BUSINESS INTERRUPTIONS COULD ADVERSELY AFFECT OUR BUSINESS
Our operations are vulnerable to interruption by fire, earthquake, power
loss, telecommunications failure and other events beyond our control. We do not
have a detailed disaster recovery plan. Our headquarters facility in the State
of California is currently subject to electrical blackouts as a consequence of a
shortage of available electrical power. In the event these blackouts continue or
increase in severity, they could disrupt the operations at our headquarters. In
addition, we do not carry sufficient business interruption insurance to
compensate us for losses that may occur and any losses or damages incurred by us
could have a material adverse effect on our business.
RISKS RELATING TO CONDUCTING OPERATIONS IN CHINA
Sales in China account for substantially all of our sales. Approximately
$364.0 million, or 98.8%, of our sales in 2000, $186.1 million, or 99.3%, of our
sales in 1999, and $102.9 million, or 97.9%, of our sales in 1998 occurred in
China. Additionally, a substantial portion of our fixed assets are located in
China. Of our total fixed assets, approximately 69.4% as of December 31, 2000,
53.7% as of
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December 31, 1999 and 46.4% as of December 31, 1998 were in China. We expect to
make further investments in China in the future. Therefore, our business,
financial condition and results of operations are to a significant degree
subject to economic, political and social events in China.
DEVALUATION IN THE VALUE OF THE RENMINBI AND FLUCTUATIONS IN EXCHANGE RATES
COULD ADVERSELY AFFECT OUR FINANCIAL RESULTS
Exchange rate fluctuations could have a substantial negative impact on our
financial condition and results of operations. We purchase substantially all of
our materials in the United States and Japan and a significant portion of our
cost of goods sold is incurred in U.S. dollars and Japanese yen. A significant
portion of our operating expenses are incurred in U.S. dollars. At the same
time, most of our sales are denominated in Renminbi. The value of the Renminbi
is subject to changes in China's governmental policies and to international
economic and political developments. Although the official exchange rate for the
conversion of Renminbi to U.S. dollars has remained stable, with the Renminbi
appreciating slightly against the U.S. dollar since 1994, the exchange rate
experienced significant volatility prior to 1994 including periods of sharp
devaluation. There can be no assurance that exchange rates will not become
volatile or that the Renminbi will not devalue again against the U.S. dollar.
In the past, financial markets in many Asian countries have experienced
severe volatility and, as a result, some Asian currencies have experienced
significant devaluation from time to time. The devaluation of some Asian
currencies may have the effect of rendering exports from China more expensive
and less competitive and therefore place pressure on China's government to
devalue the Renminbi. Any devaluation of the Renminbi could result in an
increase in volatility of Asian currency and capital markets. Future volatility
of Asian financial markets could have an adverse impact on our ability to expand
our product sales into Asian markets outside of China. Moreover, due to the
limitations on the convertibility of Renminbi, we are limited in our ability to
engage in currency hedging activities in China and do not currently engage in
currency hedging activities with respect to international sales outside of
China.
CURRENCY RESTRICTIONS IN CHINA MAY LIMIT THE ABILITY OF OUR SUBSIDIARIES AND
JOINT VENTURES IN CHINA TO OBTAIN AND REMIT FOREIGN CURRENCY NECESSARY FOR THE
PURCHASE OF IMPORTED COMPONENTS AND MAY LIMIT OUR ABILITY TO OBTAIN AND REMIT
FOREIGN CURRENCY IN EXCHANGE FOR RENMINBI EARNINGS
China's government imposes controls on the convertibility of Renminbi into
foreign currencies and, in certain cases, the remittance of currency out of
China. Under the current foreign exchange control system, sufficient foreign
currency may not be available to satisfy our currency needs. Shortages in the
availability of foreign currency may restrict the ability of our Chinese
subsidiaries to obtain and remit sufficient foreign currency to pay dividends to
us, or otherwise satisfy their foreign currency denominated obligations such as
payments to us for components which we export to them and for technology
licensing fees. We may also experience difficulties in completing the
administrative procedures necessary to obtain and remit needed foreign currency.
Moreover, we cannot assure you that China's government will continue the policy
of making the Renminbi convertible under current accounts. Our inability to
convert and remit our sales received in Renminbi into U.S. dollars and make
necessary remittances could have a material adverse effect on our business,
financial condition and results of operations.
Our business could be substantially harmed if we are unable to convert our
sales received in Renminbi into U.S. dollars. Under existing foreign exchange
laws, Renminbi held by our China subsidiaries can be converted into foreign
currencies and remitted out of China to pay current account items such as
payments to suppliers for imports, labor services, payment of interest on
foreign exchange loans and distributions of dividends so long as the
subsidiaries have adequate amounts of Renminbi to purchase the foreign currency.
Expenses of a capital nature such as the repayment of bank loans
46
denominated in foreign currencies, however, require approval from appropriate
governmental authorities before Renminbi can be used to purchase foreign
currency and then remitted out of China. This system could be changed at any
time by executive decision of the State Council to impose limits on current
account convertibility of the Renminbi or other similar restrictions. Moreover,
even though the Renminbi is intended to be freely convertible under the current
account, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, which is responsible for
administering China's foreign currency market, has a significant degree of
administrative discretion in implementing the laws. From time to time, the State
Administration of Foreign Exchange has used this discretion in ways which
effectively limit the convertibility of current account payments and restrict
remittances out of China. Furthermore, in many circumstances the State
Administration of Foreign Exchange must approve foreign currency conversions and
remittances. Under the current foreign exchange control system, sufficient
foreign currency may not be available at a given exchange rate to satisfy our
currency demands.
CHANGES WITHIN CHINA'S COMMUNICATIONS MARKET COULD HARM OUR BUSINESS
We derive substantially all of our sales from local telecommunications
service providers in China which utilize network access equipment in the
continued expansion and upgrading of China's communications infrastructure. The
continued development of the communications infrastructure in China
correspondingly depends, in part, on the demand for voice and data services in
China and China's governmental policy. Although this industry has grown rapidly
in the past, we cannot assure you that it will continue to grow in the future.
Any reduced demand for voice and data services, any other downturn or other
adverse changes in the China communications industry or the adoption or
enforcement of government policies that limit or prohibit our ability to
manufacture, market or sell our products could severely harm our business.
CHINA'S TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY IS SUBJECT TO EXTENSIVE GOVERNMENT
REGULATION AND HAS RECENTLY BEEN RESTRUCTURED, WHICH HAS LED TO UNCERTAINTY
China's telecommunications industry is heavily regulated by the Ministry of
Information Industry. The Ministry of Information Industry controls the 33
provincial Telecommunications Administrations that exercise regulatory
responsibility over the telecommunications industries in their respective
provinces. The Ministry of Information Industry has broad discretion and
authority to regulate all aspects of the telecommunications and information
technology industry in China including managing spectrum bandwidths, setting
network equipment specifications and standards and drafting laws and regulations
related to the electronics and telecommunications industries.
As part of the Chinese government's industry restructuring initiatives, the
regulatory functions of the Ministry of Information Industry and the
Telecommunications Administrations were separated from the operational functions
of the state-owned companies under their control. Following this separation, the
Ministry of Information Industry acts exclusively as the industry regulator and
will no longer manage the day-to-day operations of telecommunications service
providers in China.
China does not yet have a national telecommunications law. The Ministry of
Information Industry, under the direction of the State Council, is currently
preparing a draft of the Telecommunications Law of the People's Republic of
China for ultimate submission to the National People's Congress for review and
adoption. It is unclear if and when the Telecommunications Law will be adopted.
If the Telecommunications Law is adopted, we expect it to become the basic
telecommunications statute and the source of telecommunications regulations in
China. Although we expect that a Telecommunications Law would have a positive
effect on the overall development of the telecommunications industry in China,
we do not know the nature and scope of regulation that it would create.
Accordingly, we cannot predict whether it will have a positive or negative
effect on us or on some or all aspects of our business.
47
The Telecom Regulations are deemed as the basic telecommunications
regulations covering telecommunications services and market regulations,
pricing, interconnection and connection, as well as telecommunications
construction and security issues. Although we expect that the Telecom
Regulations would have a positive effect on the overall development of the
telecommunications industry in China, the enforcement and interpretation of
these regulations by government authorities may negatively affect our business.
The Ministry of Information Industry has broad discretion to apply standards
in deciding what types of equipment may be connected to the national
telecommunications networks, the forms and types of services that may be offered
to the public and the content of material available in China over the Internet.
If the Ministry of Information Industry sets standards with which we are unable
to comply, our ability to sell product in China may be limited, resulting in
substantial harm to our operations. For example, at the end of May 2000, we
became aware of an internal notice, circulated within the Ministry of
Information Industry, announcing a review of PHS-based telecommunications
equipment for future installation into China's telecommunications infrastructure
in which the Ministry of Information Industry requested service providers to
temporarily halt new deployments of PHS-based telecommunications equipment,
including our PAS system, pending conclusion of the Ministry of Information
Industry review. Subsequently, at the end of June 2000, we learned that the
Ministry of Information Industry had issued an internal notice concluding its
review of PHS-based equipment and allowing the continued deployment of our PAS
system in China's county-level cities and counties, the primary markets for our
PAS system. In addition, deployments in large and medium-sized cities will be
allowed on a limited basis where there is a high concentration of population,
such as campuses, commercial buildings and special development zones, however,
new city-wide deployments of our PAS system will not be allowed in such large
and medium-sized cities. Failure of the Ministry of Information Industry to
allow the deployment of our PAS system in the future could have a material
adverse effect on our business and financial condition.
CHINA CLOSELY RESTRICTS ACTIVITIES OF FOREIGN INVESTORS IN THE
TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY
China's government and its agencies, including the Ministry of Information
Industry and the State Council, regulate foreign investment in the
telecommunications industry through the promulgation of various laws and
regulations and the issuance of various administrative orders and decisions.
Foreign investment enterprises, companies and individuals are prohibited from
investing and participating in the operation and management of
telecommunications networks without special approval by the State Council. We
cannot assure you that China will not promulgate new laws or regulations, or
issue administrative or judicial decisions or interpretations, which would
further restrict or bar foreigners from engaging in telecommunications-related
activities. The promulgation of laws or regulations or the issuance of
administrative orders or judicial decisions or interpretations restricting or
prohibiting telecommunications activities by foreigners could have a substantial
impact on our ongoing operations.
MOST OF OUR CUSTOMERS IN CHINA ARE PART OF THE CHINA TELECOM SYSTEM AND ARE
SUBJECT TO ITS ULTIMATE CONTROL
Each of the local Telecommunications Bureaus in China which comprise most of
our existing or potential customers is part of the China Telecom system and
subject to its ultimate control. Accordingly, China Telecom may issue policy
statements or make other decisions which govern the equipment purchasing
decisions of most of our customers in China. For example, in late 1999 China
Telecom prohibited all Telecommunications Bureaus from purchasing PHS systems,
such as our PAS systems, which are classified as low-mobility wireless access
systems for implementation in large cities. In June 2000, the Ministry of
Information Industry issued an internal notice concluding its review of
PHS-based equipment. Our PAS system will continue to be allowed in China's
county-level cities and
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counties, which are our primary markets for our PAS system. In large and
medium-sized cities, our PAS system may be used on a limited basis where there
is a high concentration of population. New city-wide PAS system deployments will
not be allowed in large and medium-size cities. As virtually all of our sales
are generated from our operations in China, a change of this decision of China
Telecom and the Ministry of Information Industry or other decisions by China
Telecom and the Ministry of Information Industry could cause substantial harm to
our business.
CHANGES IN TELECOMMUNICATIONS TARIFFS MAY RESULT IN DECREASED DEMAND FOR OUR
PRODUCTS
In November 2000, the Ministry of Information Industryannounced significant
changes in telephone rates in China. While long distance, international, leased
line and Internet connection fees were cut by up to 70%, the rates for wireless
access services, such as those delivered over our PAS system, were increased,
from approximately $0.01 per minute to approximately $0.02 per minute. The
increase in rates for wireless access services may result in a reduced demand
for our PAS system and other wireless access products. Additionally, the
Ministry of Information Industry may implement future rate changes for wireline
or wireless services in China, any of which may lead to reduced demand for our
systems and products and result in a material adverse effect on our business or
results of operations.
CHINA'S GOVERNMENT POLICIES COULD IMPACT OUR BUSINESS
Since 1978, China's government has been and is expected to continue
reforming its economic and political systems. These reforms have resulted in and
are expected to continue to result in significant economic and social
development in China. Many of the reforms are unprecedented or experimental and
may be subject to change or readjustment due to a number of political, economic
and social factors. We believe that the basic principles underlying the
political and economic reforms will continue to be implemented and provide the
framework for China's political and economic system. New reforms or the
readjustment of previously implemented reforms could have a significant negative
effect on our operations. Changes in China's political, economic and social
conditions and governmental policies which could have a substantial impact on
our business include:
- new laws and regulations or the interpretation of those laws and
regulations;
- the introduction of measures to control inflation or stimulate growth;
- changes in the rate or method of taxation;
- the imposition of additional restrictions on currency conversion and
remittances abroad; and
- any actions which limit our ability to develop, manufacture, import or
sell our products in China, or to finance and operate our business in
China.
CHINA'S ECONOMIC POLICIES COULD IMPACT OUR BUSINESS
The economy of China differs from the economies of most countries belonging
to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development in various respects
such as structure, government involvement, level of development, growth rate,
capital reinvestment, allocation of resources, self-sufficiency, rate of
inflation and balance of payments position. In the past, the economy of China
has been primarily a planned economy subject to one- and five-year state plans
adopted by central government authorities and largely implemented by provincial
and local authorities which set production and development targets.
Since 1978, increasing emphasis had been placed on decentralization and the
utilization of market forces in the development of China's economy. Economic
reform measures adopted by China's
49
government may be inconsistent or ineffectual, and we may not in all cases be
able to capitalize on any reforms. Further, these measures may be adjusted or
modified in ways which could result in economic liberalization measures that are
inconsistent from time to time or from industry to industry or across different
regions of the country. China's economy has experienced significant growth in
the past decade. This growth, however, has been accompanied by imbalances in
China's economy and has resulted in significant fluctuations in general price
levels, including periods of inflation. China's government has implemented
policies from time to time to increase or restrain the rate of economic growth,
control periods of inflation or otherwise regulate economic expansion. While we
may be able to benefit from the effects of some of these policies, these
policies and other measures taken by China's government to regulate the economy
could also have a significant overall impact on economic conditions in China
with a resulting negative impact on our business.
CHINA'S EXPECTED ENTRY INTO THE WTO CREATES UNCERTAINTY AS TO THE FUTURE
ECONOMIC AND BUSINESS ENVIRONMENTS IN CHINA
China is expected to enter the WTO as early as some time in 2001. Although
China has been reducing tariff levels over the past several years, entry into
the WTO will require China to further reduce tariffs and eliminate other trade
restrictions. While China's entry into the WTO and related relaxation of trade
restrictions may lead to increased foreign investment, it may also lead to
increased competition in China's markets from international companies. Whether
or not China is accepted into the WTO, the impact on China's economy and our
business is uncertain.
IF TAX BENEFITS AVAILABLE TO OUR SUBSIDIARIES LOCATED IN CHINA ARE REDUCED OR
REPEALED, OUR BUSINESS COULD SUFFER
Our subsidiaries and joint ventures located in China enjoy tax benefits in
China which are generally available to foreign investment enterprises, including
full exemption from national enterprise income tax for two years starting from
the first profit-making year and/or a 50% reduction in national income tax rate
for the following three years. In addition, local enterprise income tax is often
waived or reduced during this tax holiday/incentive period. Under current
regulations in China, foreign investment enterprises that have been accredited
as technologically advanced enterprises are entitled to additional tax
incentives. These tax incentives vary in different locales and could include
preferential national enterprise income tax treatment at 50% of the usual rates
for different periods of time. All of our active subsidiaries in China were
accredited as technologically advanced enterprises. These tax incentives may be
repealed or reduced in the future. If these tax incentives are abolished before
our subsidiaries in China can take full advantage of them, the tax liability of
these subsidiaries will increase, which will negatively impact our financial
condition and results of operations.
CHINA'S LEGAL SYSTEM EMBODIES UNCERTAINTIES THAT COULD NEGATIVELY IMPACT OUR
BUSINESS
China has a civil law legal system. Although often used by judges for
guidance, decided court cases do not have binding legal effect on future
decisions. Since 1979, many new laws and regulations covering general economic
matters have been promulgated in China. Despite this activity to develop the
legal system, China's system of laws is not yet complete. Even where adequate
law exists in China, enforcement of existing laws or contracts based on existing
law may be uncertain and sporadic and it may be difficult to obtain swift and
equitable enforcement, or to obtain enforcement of a judgment by a court of
another jurisdiction. The relative inexperience of China's judiciary in many
cases creates additional uncertainty as to the outcome of any litigation.
Further, interpretation of statutes and regulations may be subject to government
policies reflecting domestic political changes.
China has adopted a broad range of related laws, administrative rules and
regulations that govern the conduct and operations of foreign investment
enterprises and restrict the ability of foreign
50
companies to conduct business in China. These laws, rules and regulations
provide some incentives to encourage the flow of investment into China, but also
subject foreign companies, and foreign investment enterprises including our
subsidiaries in China, to a set of restrictions which may not always apply to
domestic companies in China. Although China is increasingly according foreign
companies and foreign investment enterprises established in China the same
rights and privileges as Chinese domestic companies in anticipation of China's
entry into the WTO, these special laws, administrative rules and regulations
governing foreign companies and foreign investment enterprises may still place
us and our subsidiaries at a disadvantage in relation to Chinese domestic
companies and may adversely affect our competitive position. Moreover, as
China's legal system develops, the promulgation of new laws, changes to existing
laws and the pre-emption of local regulations by national laws may adversely
affect foreign investors and companies.
Many of our activities and products in China are subject to administrative
review and approval by various national and local agencies of China's
government. Because of the changes occurring in China's legal and regulatory
structure, there can be no assurance that we will be able to secure the
requisite governmental approval for our activities and products. Failure to
obtain the requisite government approval for any of our activities or products
could substantially harm our business.
STOCK PERFORMANCE
OUR STOCK PRICE IS HIGHLY VOLATILE
The trading price of our common stock has fluctuated significantly since our
initial public offering in March 2000. Our stock price could be subject to wide
fluctuations in the future in response to many events or factors, including
those discussed in the preceding risk factors relating to our operations, as
well as:
- actual or anticipated fluctuations in operating results;
- changes in expectations as to future financial performance or changes in
financial estimates or buy/sell recommendations of securities analysts;
- our, or a competitor's, announcement of new products, services or
technological innovations; and
- the operating and stock price performance of other comparable companies.
General market conditions and domestic or international macroeconomic
factors unrelated to our performance may also affect our stock price. For these
reasons, investors should not rely on recent trends to predict future stock
prices or financial results. In addition, following periods of volatility in a
company's securities, securities class action litigation against a company is
sometimes instituted. This type of litigation could result in substantial costs
and the diversion of management time and resources.
51
ITEM 7A--QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
UTStarcom is exposed to the impact of interest rate changes and changes in
foreign currency exchange rates.
INTEREST RATE RISK. Our exposure to market risk for changes in interest
rates relates primarily to our investment portfolio. The fair value of our
investment portfolio would not be significantly affected by either a 10%
increase or decrease in interest rates due mainly to the short term nature of
our investment portfolio. However, our interest income can be sensitive to
changes in the general level of U.S. interest rates since the majority of our
funds are invested instruments with maturities less than one year. Our policy is
to limit the risk of principal loss and ensure the safety of invested funds by
limiting market risk. Funds in excess of current operating requirements are
invested in government sponsored entities notes, commercial paper, floating rate
corporate bonds and fixed income corporate bonds.
The table below represents carrying amounts and related weighted-average
interest rates of maturity of our investment portfolio at December 31, 2000:
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT INTEREST RATES)
- -------------------------------------
Cash and cash equivalents................................... $149,112
Average interest rate....................................... 4.1%
Short-term investments...................................... $ 83,858
Average interest rate....................................... 6.7%
Total investment securities................................. $232,970
Average interest rate..................................... 5.0%
FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATE RISK. We are exposed to foreign exchange rate risk
because our sales to China are denominated in Renminbi and portions of our
accounts payable are denominated in Japanese Yen. Due to the limitations on
converting Renminbi, we are limited in our ability to engage in currency hedging
activities in China. Although the impact of currency fluctuations of Renminbi to
date has been insignificant, fluctuations in currency exchange rates in the
future may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. We have
a multi-currency bank account in Japanese Yen for purchasing portions of our
inventories and supplies. The balance of this Japanese Yen account as of
December 31, 2000 is approximately $10.6 million.
52
ITEM 8--FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
PAGE
--------
Financial Statements:
Independent Accountants' Report........................... 54
Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2000 and
December 31, 1999....................................... 55
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended
December 31, 2000, 1999, and 1998....................... 56
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the
years ended December 31, 2000, 1999, and 1998........... 57
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended
December 31, 2000, 1999, and 1998....................... 58
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements................ 59
Pro Forma Combined Financial Information (Unaudited)...... 81
Unaudited Pro Forma Combined Statements of
Operations--Year Ended December 31, 1999................ 82
Notes to Unaudited Pro Forma Combined Financial
Information............................................. 83
53
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS:
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of UTStarcom, Inc.:
In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and the related
consolidated statements of operations and stockholders' equity and cash flows
present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of
UTStarcom, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the Company) at December 31, 2000 and
1999, and the results of their operations and of their cash flows for each of
the three years ended December 31, 2000 in conformity with accounting principles
generally accepted in the United States of America. These financial statements
are the responsibility of the Company's management; our responsibility is to
express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We
conducted our audits of these statements in accordance with auditing standards
generally accepted in the United States of America, which require that we plan
and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial
statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a
test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial
statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates
made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.
We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS LLP
San Francisco, California
January 24, 2001
54
UTSTARCOM, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE DATA)
DECEMBER 31,
-------------------
2000 1999
-------- --------
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents................................. $149,112 $ 87,364
Short-term investment..................................... 83,858 --
Accounts receivable, net of allowances for doubtful
accounts of $12,835 and $6,789 at December 31, 2000 and
1999, respectively...................................... 161,330 77,823
Receivable from related parties........................... 406 892
Inventories, net.......................................... 118,995 55,204
Other current assets...................................... 17,674 10,109
-------- --------
Total current assets........................................ 531,375 231,392
Property, plant and equipment, net.......................... 21,999 8,168
Long-term investments....................................... 12,397 4,460
Goodwill and intangible assets, net......................... 20,238 25,132
Other long term assets...................................... 5,828 2,636
-------- --------
Total assets.............................................. $591,837 $271,788
======== ========
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable.......................................... $ 44,564 $ 21,745
Debt...................................................... 43,381 34,593
Debt to shareholder....................................... -- 8,745
Income taxes payable...................................... 7,170 2,985
Deferred revenue.......................................... 31,678 5,249
Other current liabilities................................. 34,721 29,102
-------- --------
Total current liabilities................................... 161,514 102,419
-------- --------
Long-term debt.............................................. 12,048 --
Minority interest in consolidated subsidiaries.............. 5,956 3,649
Stockholders' equity:
Convertible preferred stock: $.00125 par value; authorized:
99,200,000 shares; issued and outstanding 70,377,322 at
December 31, 1999......................................... -- 88
Common stock: $.00125 par value; authorized: 250,000,000
shares; issued and outstanding: 95,032,657 at December 31,
2000 and 8,929,837 at December 31, 1999................... 120 13
Additional paid-in capital.................................. 426,665 218,692
Deferred stock compensation................................. (6,491) (17,792)
Accumulated deficit......................................... (7,808) (34,821)
Notes receivable from shareholders.......................... (314) (555)
Other comprehensive income.................................. 147 95
-------- --------
Total stockholders' equity.................................. 412,319 165,720
-------- --------
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity................ $591,837 $271,788
======== ========
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
55
UTSTARCOM, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
------------------------------
2000 1999 1998
-------- -------- --------
Net sales................................................... $368,646 $187,516 $105,167
Cost of sales (includes stock compensation expense of $90,
$12, and $0).............................................. 240,465 112,703 64,142
-------- -------- --------
Gross profit................................................ 128,181 74,813 41,025
-------- -------- --------
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative expenses (includes
stock compensation expense of $4,676, $4,256, $390)..... 48,055 35,122 23,211
Research and development expenses (includes stock
compensation expense of $6,795, $1,285, and $22)........ 41,452 18,648 14,681
Amortization of intangible assets......................... 4,894 332 120
In-process research and development costs................. -- 3,992 --
-------- -------- --------
Total operating expenses.................................... 94,401 58,094 38,012
-------- -------- --------
Operating income............................................ 33,780 16,719 3,013
Interest income............................................. 12,195 2,010 1,817
Interest expenses........................................... (3,311) (3,057) (1,924)
Other income (expenses)..................................... 1,945 (1,165) (1,031)
Equity in net income (loss) of affiliated companies......... (288) 1,348 (773)
-------- -------- --------
Income before income taxes, minority interest and cumulative
effect of a change of accounting principle................ 44,321 15,855 1,102
Income tax expense.......................................... 14,021 626 1,423
-------- -------- --------
Income (loss) before minority interest...................... 30,300 15,229 (321)
Minority interest in (earnings) loss of consolidated
subsidiaries.............................................. (2,307) (2,110) 914
-------- -------- --------
Income from continuing operations........................... 27,993 13,119 593
Loss from discontinued operations........................... -- (1,656) (893)
-------- -------- --------
Net income (loss) before cumulative effect of a change of
accounting principle...................................... 27,993 11,463 (300)
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle, net of
income taxes (note 3)..................................... (980) -- --
-------- -------- --------
Net income (loss)........................................... 27,013 11,463 (300)
Beneficial conversion feature of Series F convertible
preferred stock........................................... -- (29,977) --
-------- -------- --------
Net income (loss) applicable to common stockholders......... $ 27,013 $(18,514) $ (300)
======== ======== ========
Basic earnings (loss) per share:
Income (loss) from continuing operations before cumulative
effect of accounting change............................. $ 0.35 $ (1.94) $ 0.08
Loss from discontinued operations......................... -- (0.19) (0.12)
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle....... (0.01) -- --
-------- -------- --------
Net income (loss)......................................... $ 0.34 $ (2.13) $ (0.04)
======== ======== ========
Diluted earnings (loss) per share:
Income (loss) from continuing operations before cumulative
effect of accounting change............................. $ 0.28 $ (1.94) $ 0.01
Loss from discontinued operations......................... -- (0.19) (0.01)
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle....... (0.01) -- --
-------- -------- --------
Net income (loss)......................................... $ 0.27 $ (2.13) $ (0.00)
======== ======== ========
Weighted average shares used in per-share calculation:
--Basic................................................... 79,696 8,678 7,582
======== ======== ========
--Diluted................................................. 101,867 8,678 77,050
======== ======== ========
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
56
UTSTARCOM, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE DATA)
CONVERTIBLE
PREFERRED STOCK COMMON STOCK
---------------------- ---------------------- ADDITIONAL
ISSUED AMOUNT SHARES AMOUNT PAID-IN-CAPITAL
----------- -------- ----------- -------- ---------------
Balances, December 31, 1997........................ 57,518,068 $ 72 9,807,006 $ 12 $ 88,393
Common stock issued upon exercise of options....... 483,544 1 479
Stock dividend..................................... 945,850 1 54,150
Exchange of common for preferred stock............. 1,171,836 1 (1,171,836) (1)
Deferred compensation related to grant of stock
options to non-employees......................... 1,041
Cancellation of non-employee stock options......... (612)
Amortization of deferred stock compensation related
to grant of stock options to non-employees.......
Reacquired common stock............................ (453)
Notes receivable from stockholders.................
Net loss...........................................
Other comprehensive income:
Translation adjustment...........................
Total comprehensive income.......................
----------- ---- ----------- ---- --------
Balances, December 31, 1998........................ 59,635,754 74 9,172,864 12 88,848
Common stock issued upon exercise of options....... 548,219 530
Reacquired common stock............................ 7,692 (7)
Stock reclassification............................. (549,448) (1) 549,448 1
Notes receivable from stockholders.................
Deferred stock compensation related to grant of
stock options to employees....................... 15,937
Amortization of deferred stock compensation........
Deferred stock compensation related to grant of
stock options to non-employees................... 7,391
Distribution to stockholders....................... (6,550)
Issuance of preferred stock, net of issuance costs
of $41........................................... 6,152,106 8 49,951
Issuance of preferred stock for Wacos
acquisition...................................... 4,523,700 6 27,616
Preferred stock issued upon exercise of options.... 615,210 1 4,999
Dividend related to beneficial conversion feature
to issuance of Series F preferred stock in
December 1999.................................... 29,977
Retirement of Treasury Stock....................... (1,348,386)
Net income.........................................
----------- ---- ----------- ---- --------
Balances, December 31, 1999........................ 70,377,322 88 8,929,837 13 218,692
Common stock issued upon Initial Public Offering
net of expenses.................................. 11,500,000 14 189,391
Conversion of preferred stock to common stock upon
Initial Public Offering.......................... (70,377,322) (88) 70,377,322 88
Exercise of common stock warrant................... 500,000 1 3,124
Common stock issued upon exercise of options....... 3,651,687 4 4,551
Common stock issued from ESPP...................... 73,811 1,130
Distribution to stockholders....................... 1,889
Deferred stock compensation related to grant of
stock options.................................... 260
Amortization of deferred stock compensation........
Tax benefits for non-qualified stock option
exercises........................................ 7,628
Repayment of notes receivable from stockholders....
Net income.........................................
Other comprehensive income:
Unrealized holding gain..........................
Total comprehensive income.......................
----------- ---- ----------- ---- --------
Balances, December 31, 2000........................ -- $ -- 95,032,657 $120 $426,665
=========== ==== =========== ==== ========
NOTES RECEIVABLE ACCUMULATED OTHER
ACCUMULATED DEFERRED STOCK FROM COMPREHENSIVE
DEFICIT COMPENSATION STOCKHOLDERS INCOME
------------ -------------- ---------------- ------------------
Balances, December 31, 1997........................ $(16,007) $ -- $(129) $172
Common stock issued upon exercise of options.......
Stock dividend.....................................
Exchange of common for preferred stock.............
Deferred compensation related to grant of stock
options to non-employees......................... (1,041)
Cancellation of non-employee stock options......... 612
Amortization of deferred stock compensation related
to grant of stock options to non-employees....... 412
Reacquired common stock............................
Notes receivable from stockholders................. (240)
Net loss........................................... (300)
Other comprehensive income:
Translation adjustment........................... (77)
Total comprehensive income.......................
-------- -------- ----- ----
Balances, December 31, 1998........................ (16,307) (17) (369) 95
Common stock issued upon exercise of options.......
Reacquired common stock............................
Stock reclassification.............................
Notes receivable from stockholders................. (186)
Deferred stock compensation related to grant of
stock options to employees....................... (15,937)
Amortization of deferred stock compensation........ 5,553
Deferred stock compensation related to grant of
stock options to non-employees................... (7,391)
Distribution to stockholders.......................
Issuance of preferred stock, net of issuance costs
of $41...........................................
Issuance of preferred stock for Wacos
acquisition......................................
Preferred stock issued upon exercise of options....
Dividend related to beneficial conversion feature
to issuance of Series F preferred stock in
December 1999.................................... (29,977)
Retirement of Treasury Stock.......................
Net income......................................... 11,463
-------- -------- ----- ----
Balances, December 31, 1999........................ (34,821) (17,792) (555) 95
Common stock issued upon Initial Public Offering
net of expenses..................................
Conversion of preferred stock to common stock upon
Initial Public Offering..........................
Exercise of common stock warrant...................
Common stock issued upon exercise of options.......
Common stock issued from ESPP......................
Distribution to stockholders.......................
Deferred stock compensation related to grant of
stock options.................................... (260)
Amortization of deferred stock compensation........ 11,561
Tax benefits for non-qualified stock option
exercises........................................
Repayment of notes receivable from stockholders.... 241
Net income......................................... 27,013
Other comprehensive income:
Unrealized holding gain.......................... 52
Total comprehensive income.......................
-------- -------- ----- ----
Balances, December 31, 2000........................ $ (7,808) $ (6,491) $(314) $147
======== ======== ===== ====
TOTAL
STOCKHOLDERS'
EQUITY
-------------
Balances, December 31, 1997........................ $ 72,513
Common stock issued upon exercise of options....... 480
Stock dividend..................................... 1
Exchange of common for preferred stock............. --
Deferred compensation related to grant of stock
options to non-employees......................... --
Cancellation of non-employee stock options......... --
Amortization of deferred stock compensation related
to grant of stock options to non-employees....... 412
Reacquired common stock............................ (453)
Notes receivable from stockholders................. (240)
Net loss........................................... (300)
Other comprehensive income:
Translation adjustment........................... (77)
Total comprehensive income....................... (377)
--------
Balances, December 31, 1998........................ 72,336
Common stock issued upon exercise of options....... 530
Reacquired common stock............................ (7)
Stock reclassification............................. --
Notes receivable from stockholders................. (186)
Deferred stock compensation related to grant of
stock options to employees....................... --
Amortization of deferred stock compensation........ 5,553
Deferred stock compensation related to grant of
stock options to non-employees................... --
Distribution to stockholders....................... (6,550)
Issuance of preferred stock, net of issuance costs
of $41........................................... 49,959
Issuance of preferred stock for Wacos
acquisition...................................... 27,622
Preferred stock issued upon exercise of options.... 5,000
Dividend related to beneficial conversion feature
to issuance of Series F preferred stock in
December 1999.................................... --
Retirement of Treasury Stock....................... --
Net income......................................... 11,463
--------
Balances, December 31, 1999........................ 165,720
Common stock issued upon Initial Public Offering
net of expenses.................................. 189,405
Conversion of preferred stock to common stock upon
Initial Public Offering.......................... --
Exercise of common stock warrant................... 3,125
Common stock issued upon exercise of options....... 4,555
Common stock issued from ESPP...................... 1,130
Distribution to stockholders....................... 1,889
Deferred stock compensation related to grant of
stock options.................................... --
Amortization of deferred stock compensation........ 11,561
Tax benefits for non-qualified stock option
exercises........................................ 7,628
Repayment of notes receivable from stockholders.... 241
Net income......................................... 27,013
Other comprehensive income:
Unrealized holding gain.......................... 52
Total comprehensive income....................... 27,065
--------
Balances, December 31, 2000........................ $412,319
========
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
57
UTSTARCOM, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(IN THOUSANDS)
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
-------------------------------
2000 1999 1998
--------- -------- --------
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income (loss)........................................... $ 27,013 $ 11,463 $ (300)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash used
in operating activities:
Loss from discontinued operations......................... -- 1,656 893
Depreciation and amortization............................. 9,494 3,013 2,486
Write-off of in-process research and development costs.... -- 3,992 --
Net loss on sale of assets................................ 807 611 73
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle....... 980 -- --
Stock compensation expense................................ 11,561 5,553 412
Equity in net (income) loss of affiliated companies....... 288 (1,348) 1,700
Minority interest in consolidated subsidiary.............. 2,307 2,110 (2,084)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable and receivable from related
parties............................................... (81,132) (1,591) (51,782)
Inventories............................................. (60,693) (34,560) (5,518)
Other current and non-current assets.................... (4,850) (8,317) (1,668)
Accounts payable and payable to related parties......... 14,143 6,644 (917)
Income taxes payable.................................... 5,907 1,127 930
Other current liabilities............................... 5,659 21,024 8,561
Deferred revenue........................................ 22,351 (13) --
--------- -------- --------
Net cash (used in) provided by continuing operations........ (46,165) 11,364 (47,214)
Net cash (used in) provided by discontinued operations...... -- (530) 207
--------- -------- --------
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities......... (46,165) 10,834 (47,007)
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Additions to property, plant and equipment.................. (19,513) (3,607) (2,250)
Investment in affiliates, net of cash acquired.............. (8,226) (720) (1,093)
Proceeds from disposal of property.......................... 164 997 --
Purchase of short-term investments.......................... (83,806) -- --
--------- -------- --------
Net cash used in continuing operations...................... (111,381) (3,330) (3,343)
Net cash (used in) provided by discontinued operations...... -- 179 (36)
--------- -------- --------
Net cash used in investing activities....................... (111,381) (3,151) (3,379)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Issuance of stock, net of expenses.......................... 198,213 55,480 480
Reacquired common stock..................................... -- -- (453)
Proceeds from borrowing, net................................ 20,836 23,729 8,245
Proceeds (payments) from shareholder notes.................. 245 (17,505) 24,939
--------- -------- --------
Net cash provided by financing activities of continuing
operations................................................ 219,294 61,704 33,211
Effects of exchange rates on cash........................... -- -- (77)
--------- -------- --------
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents........ 61,748 69,387 (17,252)
Investments and (advances to) from discontinued
operations................................................ -- (351) 171
--------- -------- --------
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents........ 61,748 69,738 (17,423)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period............ 87,364 17,626 35,049
--------- -------- --------
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period.................. $ 149,112 $ 87,364 $ 17,626
========= ======== ========
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
58
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 1--DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS
UTStarcom, Inc. (the Company), a Delaware corporation, provides
communications equipment including network access systems, optical transmission
products and subscriber terminal products for service providers that operate
wireless and wireline networks. The Company's operations are conducted primarily
by its foreign subsidiaries that manufacture, distribute, and support the
Company's products in international markets, principally the People's Republic
of China (China).
The following lists the Company's active subsidiaries, its percentage
ownership, and the business each subsidiary operates as of December 31, 2000:
PERCENTAGE
NAME OWNED TYPE OF OPERATIONS
- ---- ---------- ---------------------------------------------------
UTStarcom-China (UTSC) 100% Marketing and sales of telecom equipment
Hangzhou UTStarcom, Ltd. (HUTS) 88% Manufacturing of telecom equipment
Guangdong UTStarcom, Ltd. (GUTS) 51% Manufacturing of telecom equipment
NOTE 2--SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
BASIS OF PRESENTATION:
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of
the Company and its wholly and majority (over 50 percent) owned subsidiaries,
except for GUTS which is accounted for using the equity method as the Company
does not have voting control over all significant matters. All significant
intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in preparation of
the consolidated financial statements. Minority interest in consolidated
subsidiaries and equity in affiliated companies are shown separately in the
consolidated financial statements. Investments in affiliated companies, of which
none represent greater than 10 percent ownership, are accounted for using the
cost method.
RESTATEMENT AND RECLASSIFICATION:
The consolidated financial statements of the Company have been restated to
reflect the disposition of Nanjing UTStarcom, Ltd. (NUTS) in September 1999.
(See Note 5). Accordingly, the revenues, costs and expenses, assets and
liabilities and cash flows of these discontinued operations have been excluded
from the respective captions in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, Consolidated
Statements of Operations and Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and have
been reported through the date of disposition as "Net assets of discontinued
operations", "Income (loss) from discontinued operations" and "Net cash (used
in) provided by discontinued operations" for all periods presented.
The Company has retroactively accounted for its December 1999 acquisition of
Wacos as if the original investment in Wacos by SOFTBANK Corporation (SOFTBANK)
in December 1997 had been made by the Company (See Note 7).
Certain reclassifications have been made in the prior years financial
statements to conform with the 2000 presentation.
USE OF ESTIMATES:
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and
assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and
disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial
statements
59
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
NOTE 2--SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.
Actual results could differ from those estimates.
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS:
Cash and cash equivalents consist primarily of highly liquid monetary
instruments with a maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase.
Restricted cash consisted of the following at December 31:
(IN THOUSANDS) 2000 1999
- -------------- -------- --------
Collateral for letters of credit............................ $3,103 $ 640
Cash in escrow.............................................. -- 2,410
Cash collateral............................................. 1,500 1,500
------ ------
$4,603 $4,550
====== ======
Restricted cash balances are expected to be released within three months of
being recorded and are treated as part of cash and cash equivalents.
SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS:
Short-term investments, consisting primarily of investments with original
maturities of less than twelve months, are accounted for in accordance with
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 115 ("SFAS No. 115"),
"Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities". This
statement requires that securities are classified as "held to maturities",
"available for sale" or "trading". Debt securities that the Company does not
have the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity and all marketable
equity securities are classified as available-for-sale and are carried at fair
value. Unrealized holding gains and losses on securities classified as
available-for-sale are carried as a separate component of stockholders' equity.
Realized holdings gains and losses on securities classified as
available-for-sale are reported as earnings. The fair value of investments is
determined based on quoted market prices. The cost of debt securities is
adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to maturity.
Such amortization, interest income, realized gains and losses and declines in
value judged to be other than temporary are included in interest and other
income. The cost of securities is based on specific identification.
DECEMBER 31, 2000
-----------------------------------------------
GROSS GROSS ESTIMATED
AMORTIZED UNREALIZED UNREALIZED FAIR
COST GAINS LOSSES VALUE
--------- ---------- ---------- ---------
Government and agency obligations.................... $ 4,000 $ 20 $ -- 4,020
Other debt securities................................ 78,827 1,011 -- 79,838
------- ------ ---------- -------
Total current available-for-sale securities.......... $82,827 $1,031 $ -- $83,858
INVENTORIES:
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market, net of allowance for
obsolescence. Cost is computed using standard cost, which approximates actual
cost on a first-in, first-out basis.
60
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
NOTE 2--SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
REVENUE RECOGNITION:
Revenue from sales of equipment is recognized on delivery when contractual
obligations are substantially complete, remaining obligations are
inconsequential and perfunctory, and collection of the resulting receivable is
reasonably assured.
Revenue recognition from equipment sales where installations are performed,
are recognized on final acceptance when contractual obligations are
substantially complete, remaining obligations are inconsequential and
perfunctory, and collection of the resulting receivable is reasonably assured.
Where multiple elements exist, revenue is allocated to the different
elements based upon verifiable objective evidence and recognized on completion
of the element.
WARRANTY COSTS:
A warranty is provided under the terms of the Company's contract for a
period not greater than one year. The Company provides for these costs at the
time of revenue recognition based upon prior experience.
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT:
Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost and are stated net of
accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is provided for on a straight-line basis
over the estimated useful lives of the related assets, generally ranging from
two to five years. Leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis
over the shorter of the useful life of the improvements or the term of the
lease. When assets are disposed of, the cost and related accumulated
depreciation are removed from the accounts and the resulting gains or losses are
included in the results of operations. The Company generally depreciates its
assets over the following periods:
YEARS
-------------------------
Furniture, test or manufacturing equipment.......... 5
Research and development equipment.................. 2
Computers and software.............................. 3
Leasehold improvements.............................. 5 or remaining lease life
GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS:
Goodwill and intangible assets include the excess of costs of acquired
companies over the fair value of net assets acquired and acquired workforce,
which are amortized on a straight-line basis generally over 3 to 5 years.
Valuation of goodwill and intangible assets is based on forecasted discounted
cash flows and is reassessed when circumstances warrant.
IMPAIRMENT OF LONG-LIVED ASSETS:
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 121, "Accounting for the
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and for Long-Lived Assets to be Disposed of"
("SFAS 121"), requires that long-lived assets and certain intangible assets be
reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate
that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. If undiscounted expected future
cash flows are less than the carrying value of the assets, an impairment loss is
to be recognized
61
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
NOTE 2--SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
based on the fair value of the assets. The Company considers the requirements of
SFAS 121 on an ongoing basis.
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION:
The Company accounts for employee stock option grants in accordance with
Accounting Principles Board (APB) Opinion No. 25, "Accounting for Stock Issued
to Employees" ("APB 25") and has adopted the disclosure-only alternative of
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123, "Accounting for Stock-Based
Compensation" ("SFAS 123").
The value of warrants, options or stock exchanged for services from
non-employees is generally expensed over the period benefited. The warrants and
options are valued using Black-Scholes option pricing model. To calculate the
expense, the Company uses either the fair value of the consideration received or
the fair value of the equity instruments issued, whichever is more reliably
measurable.
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME:
Comprehensive income, as defined, includes all changes in equity (net
assets) during a period from nonowner sources. Accumulated other comprehensive
income or loss is shown in the consolidated statement of shareholders equity in
December 31, 2000, 1999 and 1998.
INCOME TAXES:
Deferred income taxes are recognized for the differences between the tax
bases of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts based on
enacted tax rates. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce
deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.
The Company does not provide for U.S. Federal taxes on undistributed
earnings of its foreign subsidiaries or affiliates as they are considered to be
reinvested for an indefinite period.
SEGMENT REPORTING:
The Company has determined that they operate in a single segment, providing
communications equipment through an integrated suite of network access systems,
optical transmission products and subscriber terminal products.
DISCLOSURES ABOUT FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS:
Financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, short-term
investments, accounts receivable and payable, and debt. The carrying amounts of
cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable and
payable approximate their fair values because of the short term nature of those
instruments. The carrying amounts of debt approximate their fair values because
of either the short maturity, the variable interest rates of those instruments,
or that the difference between the fixed interest rate payable and the current
prevailing rate is not significant.
FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSLATIONS:
Operations of the Company's subsidiaries are conducted primarily in China
and the financial statements of those subsidiaries are translated from China's
Renminbi, as functional currency, into U.S. Dollars in accordance with the
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 52, "Foreign Currency
62
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
NOTE 2--SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
Translation" ("SFAS 52"). Accordingly, all foreign currency assets and
liabilities are translated at the average exchange rate for the period. The
effects of translating the financial statements of foreign subsidiaries into
U.S. dollars are reported as a cumulative translation adjustment, a separate
component of comprehensive income in stockholders' equity. Foreign currency
translation gains and losses have not been material for any of the years
presented.
EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE:
Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing income or loss
applicable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of
the Company's common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings
(loss) per share is determined in the same manner as basic earnings (loss) per
share except that the numbers of shares is increased by potentially dilutive
common shares outstanding during the period. Potentially dilutive common shares
consist of employee stock options, warrants and restricted stock.
ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS:
In June 1998, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued SFAS
No. 133, "Accounting for Derivatives and Hedging Activities." SFAS No. 133
establishes accounting and reporting standards for derivative instruments,
including certain derivative instruments embedded in other contracts, and for
hedging activities. In July 1999, the FASB issued SFAS No. 137, "Accounting for
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities--Deferral of the Effective Date of
FASB Statement No. 133." SFAS No. 137 deferred the effective date of SFAS
No. 133 until fiscal years beginning after June 15, 2000. The Company adopted
SFAS No. 133 on January 1, 2001, and the adoption is not expected to materially
impact the financial statements.
In September 2000, the FASB issued SFAS No. 140 (SFAS 140), "Accounting for
Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities,"
which revises the standards for accounting for securitizations and other
transfers of financial assets and collateral and requires entities that have
securitized financial assets to provide specific disclosures. SFAS 140 is
effective for transfers and servicing of financial assets and extinguishments of
liabilities occurring after March 31, 2001. The Company adopted SFAS No. 140 on
January 1, 2001, and the adoption is not expected to materially impact the
financial statements.
NOTE 3--ACCOUNTING CHANGES
Effective January 1, 2000, the Company adopted Staff Accounting Bulletin 101
(SAB 101) issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission in December 1999. As
a result of adopting SAB 101, the Company changed the way it recognizes revenue
in certain contracts that had previously led to revenue being recognized as
contract stages were completed and accepted. In light of the guidance issued in
SAB 101, the Company changed its method of revenue recognition to the point of
contractual final acceptance. In addition, certain contracts include service
requirements for which revenue was previously recognized, and costs accrued, on
contractual acceptance. In consideration of SAB 101, revenues associated with
these service requirements are being deferred until the service obligations are
completed. Due to these changes, the Company recorded a cumulative adjustment in
first quarter 2000 of $1.0 million (net of income taxes of $0) or $0.01 per
share, basic and diluted. The impact in 2000 of adopting SAB 101 was to reduce
net income before the cumulative effect of the accounting change by
$0.3 million with no effect on basic or diluted net income per share.
63
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
NOTE 3--ACCOUNTING CHANGES (CONTINUED)
Adopting this new method of accounting as of January 1, 1998 would have
produced the following pro forma results (in thousands, except per share
amounts):
AS REPORTED, 1999 1998
- ------------ -------- --------
Net loss.................................................. $(18,514) $ (300)
Net loss per share, basic................................. $ (2.13) $(0.04)
Net income (loss) per share, diluted...................... $ (2.13) $ 0.00
PRO FORMA, 1999 1998
- ---------- -------- --------
Net loss.................................................. $(19,494) $ (300)
Net loss per share, basic................................. $ (2.25) $(0.04)
Net income (loss) per share, diluted...................... $ (2.25) $ 0.00
NOTE 4--COMPLETION OF INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING
On March 3, 2000, the Company completed its initial public offering ("IPO").
In the IPO, the Company sold an aggregate of 11,500,000 shares of common stock
(including an over-allotment option of 1,500,000 shares) at $18.00 per share.
The sale of the shares of common stock generated net proceeds of approximately
$189.4 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and
expenses of the offering of approximately $17.6 million. As of the effective
date of the offering, all of the convertible preferred stock outstanding was
converted into 70,377,322 shares of common stock.
NOTE 5--DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS
During September 1999, the Company closed UTStarcom Nanjing, Inc. (NUTS),
its wholly owned subsidiary. NUTS was engaged in telephone network and internet
network services unrelated to the remaining Company operations. NUTS sold
substantially all of its assets prior to closure. The close of NUTS was
accounted for as a discontinued operation.
The Company's previous interests in the net revenues and expenses of NUTS'
operations prior to September 30, 1999 are classified separately as income
(loss) from discontinued operations in the income statements. The components of
the income or loss are summarized as follows:
YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31,
-------------------
(IN THOUSANDS) 1999 1998
- -------------- -------- --------
Net sales.................................................. $ 298 $4,457
Operating expenses and cost of sales....................... 1,369 5,345
------- ------
Operating loss............................................. (1,071) (888)
Other expenses............................................. (585) (5)
------- ------
Loss from discontinued operations.......................... $(1,656) $ (893)
======= ======
The Company's cash flow statements include separately the cash flows from
discontinued operations.
64
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
NOTE 6--SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
------------------------------
(IN THOUSANDS) 2000 1999 1998
- -------------- -------- -------- --------
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest.................................................... $3,289 $3,723 $ 564
Income taxes................................................ $8,038 $1,386 $1,076
Noncash investing and financing activities were as follows:
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
------------------------------
(IN THOUSANDS) 2000 1999 1998
- -------------- -------- -------- --------
Share in additional paid in capital of minority shareholder
in Wacos.................................................. $ -- $ -- $2,867
Distribution of net assets to shareholders.................. $ -- $ 4,956 $1,983
Issuance of shares upon the Wacos acquisition............... $ -- $27,953 $ --
Payment of shareholders' loan............................... $ -- $ 1,640 $ --
Retirement of treasury stock................................ $ -- $ 3,060 $ --
Non-qualified stock option exercise tax benefits............ $7,628 $ -- $ --
NOTE 7--ACQUISITION OF COMPANIES
In September 1996, the Company purchased a 49% interest in GUTS for
approximately $1.2 million. In February 1998, the Company acquired an additional
2% interest in GUTS for $80,000, increasing its ownership interest to 51%.
However, because the Company does not have voting control over all significant
matters of GUTS, the investment in and results of operations of GUTS are
included in the consolidated financial statements using the equity method of
accounting. The purchase of the additional interest has been accounted for as a
purchase resulting in an intangible asset for the insignificant excess of the
purchase price over the fair value of the net assets.
In February and October 1997, the Company purchased a total of 49% of the
voting stock of Wacos for approximately $0.3 million. In October and
December 1997, SOFTBANK, the then major stockholder of the Company, acquired a
40% voting interest in Wacos for $5.1 million. In December 1999, the Company
issued 3,691,534 shares of Series G preferred stock in exchange for SOFTBANK's
4,103,465 shares in Wacos. As a result of the common control that existed
between the Company, SOFTBANK and Wacos during this period of ownership this
exchange of shares was made at historic cost. The Company has retroactively
accounted for its acquisition of Wacos as if the original investment by SOFTBANK
had been made by the Company.
In December 1999, the Company completed the purchase of the non-affiliated
minority interests in its Wacos subsidiary with the issuance of 832,166 shares
of Series G preferred stock and $9.7 million of common stock options valued
using a Black-Scholes model. The aggregate purchase price of Wacos was
approximately $28.0 million which, based upon an independent appraisal by
Willamette Management Associates of all assets acquired and liabilities assumed,
was allocated to the specifically identifiable tangible and intangible assets
acquired. Intangible assets included approximately $4.0 million of in-process
research and development which was charged to operations in December 1999,
$0.2 million of assembled workforce and approximately $23.6 million of excess
purchase price over the fair market values of the tangible and identified
intangible assets, being amortized over periods of three to five years.
65
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
NOTE 7--ACQUISITION OF COMPANIES (CONTINUED)
The values of Wacos' in-process research and development projects were
estimated by an excess income approach. Management revenue and operating expense
projections were reduced by appropriate amounts to reflect a fair return on the
net tangible and collateral intangible assets to be employed in realizing the
forecasted net incomes. The resulting forecasted "excess" income figures were
discounted to present value using a 40% rate of return, reflecting the
technological, market and other risks associated with the subject technologies
and future products. The discounted excess incomes were summed and then, in
accordance with methodology approved by the Securities and Exchange Commission,
reduced by an appropriate percentage completion factor for each project to
account for the anticipated remaining research and development factors. At the
time of the Wacos acquisition, Wacos was engaged in three distinct in-process
research and development projects in relation to its Internet Protocol based
switching system. These projects were in various stages of development but none
had reached the point where technological feasibility had been established.
The following presents the allocation of the purchase price for Wacos:
(IN THOUSANDS)
- --------------
Purchased in-process research and development............... $ 3,992
Fair value of net assets acquired........................... 83
Fair value of identified intangible assets.................. 240
Excess of costs of acquiring Wacos over fair value of net
assets.................................................... 23,638
-------
$27,953
=======
NOTE 8--DISTRIBUTION TO SHAREHOLDERS
In August 1999 the Company distributed to its shareholders the net assets of
a previously consolidated yet unrelated business which had been acquired in
1997. This business, which operated in a dissimilar market segment, had been
managed and financed, in all significant respects, as if it were autonomous from
the Company. These financial statements have been prepared as if the acquired
business was distributed on the original date of purchase in 1997.
NOTE 9--INVENTORIES
As of December 31, 2000 and 1999 inventories consist of the following:
(IN THOUSANDS) 2000 1999
- -------------- -------- --------
Raw materials............................................ $ 41,876 $31,461
Work-in-process.......................................... 23,432 4,356
Finished goods........................................... 62,888 25,802
-------- -------
$128,196 $61,619
Less allowance for obsolete inventory.................... (9,201) (6,415)
-------- -------
$118,995 $55,204
======== =======
66
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
NOTE 10--PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
As of December 31, 2000, and 1999 property, plant and equipment consists of
the following:
(IN THOUSANDS) 2000 1999
- -------------- -------- --------
Buildings................................................. $ 224 $ 145
Land...................................................... 7,319 --
Leasehold improvements.................................... 2,237 1,640
Automobiles............................................... 3,035 1,173
Equipment and furniture................................... 18,698 11,720
------- -------
$31,513 $14,678
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization............ (9,514) (6,510)
------- -------
$21,999 $ 8,168
======= =======
Depreciation and amortization expense was $4.6 million, $2.7 million and
$2.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2000, 1999 and 1998 respectively.
NOTE 11--LONG-TERM INVESTMENTS
The Company's long term investments were as follows:
(IN THOUSANDS) 2000 1999
- -------------- -------- --------
Investment in GUTS......................................... $ 2,026 $2,314
Investment in Softbank China............................... 8,002 --
Investment in others....................................... 2,369 2,146
------- ------
Total...................................................... $12,397 $4,460
======= ======
In September 1996, the Company purchased a 49% interest in GUTS. In
February 1998, the Company acquired an additional 2% interest in GUTS,
increasing its ownership interest to 51%. However, because the Company does not
have voting control over all significant matters of GUTS, the investment in and
results of operations of GUTS are accounted for using the equity method.
67
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
NOTE 11--LONG-TERM INVESTMENTS (CONTINUED)
Condensed financial information for the unconsolidated investments in GUTS
is as follows:
(IN THOUSANDS) 2000 1999
- -------------- -------- --------
Current assets............................................ $ 9,885 $13,738
Noncurrent assets......................................... 516 866
Current liabilities....................................... (5,503) (9,071)
------- -------
Total shareholders' equity................................ 4,898 5,533
Other shareholders' shares of equity...................... 2,400 2,711
------- -------
UTStarcom's share of equity............................... 2,498 2,822
Elimination of intercompany profit........................ (472) (508)
------- -------
Investment in unconsolidated subsidiary................... $ 2,026 $ 2,314
======= =======
(IN THOUSANDS) 2000 1999 1998
- -------------- -------- -------- --------
Net sales........................................ $16,523 $16,004 $10,995
Gross profit..................................... 931 2,366 2,123
Operating income................................. (638) 1,067 1,040
Net income (loss)................................ (441) 820 734
------- ------- -------
UTStarcom's share of net income (loss)........... (225) 418 374
Elimination of intercompany profit............... (63) 930 (1,147)
------- ------- -------
Equity in net income (loss) of subsidiary........ $ (288) $ 1,348 $ (773)
======= ======= =======
Product sales to GUTS for the years ended December 31, 2000, 1999 and 1998
were $13.1 million, $8.4 million and $5.6 million, respectively. Product
purchases from GUTS for the years ended December 31, 2000, 1999 and 1998 were
$6.8 million, $7.9 million and $8.9 million, respectively.
In May 2000, the Company purchased a 10% interest in Softbank China Holdings
Pte., Ltd. ("Softbank China"). The investment in Softbank China and other
investments less than 20% owned are accounted for using the cost method. See
Note 13 for discussion of Related Party Transactions.
NOTE 12--GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
As of December 31, 2000 and 1999 goodwill and intangible assets resulting
from the Company's acquisition of Wacos consist of the following:
2000 1999
-------- --------
(IN THOUSANDS)
Excess of purchase price over net assets acquired......... $25,695 $25,695
Less accumulated amortization............................. (5,457) (563)
------- -------
$20,238 $25,132
======= =======
Amortization expense was $4.9 million, $0.3 million and $0.1 million for the
years ended December 31, 2000, 1999 and 1998, respectively.
68
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
NOTE 13--RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Debt to shareholder at December 31, 2000 and 1999 consist of the following:
2000 1999
--------- --------
(IN THOUSANDS)
Debt to shareholder--SOFTBANK............................... $ -- $8,745
========= ======
Jitong, a company in China with which the Company had a management
consulting agreement, paid UTSC $8.7 million for the repayment of a loan made by
to Jitong. SOFTBANK is the Company's principal stockholder. In April, 2000, the
Company made a repayment in full to Softbank Corporation. The payable was a
non-interest bearing balance.
In May 2000, the Company purchased a 10% interest in Softbank China, which
is 90% owned by SOFTBANK, for $8.0 million.
In June 1998, the Company entered into a loan agreement with SOFTBANK for a
total of $25.0 million. As of December 31, 1999, the entire loan was paid off
and the loan agreement was terminated.
NOTE 14--THIRD PARTY DEBT
The following represents the outstanding borrowings at December 31, 2000 and
1999:
NOTE RATE MATURITY 2000 1999
- ---- -------------------- ------------------- -------- --------
(IN THOUSANDS)
Bank of China(1)................ From 5.56% to 5.85% From 01/01 to 12/01 $28,917 $27,108
China Merchants Bank(2)......... 6.44% 03/01 3,614 --
Commercial Bank of Hangzhou(3).. 6.44% 10/00 -- 6,024
Commercial Bank of Hangzhou(4).. 6.21% 06/10 12,048 --
Industrial & Commercial Bank of
China(5)...................... 5.85% 05/01 6,024 1,446
China Construction Bank(6)...... 6.44% 06/01 4,819 --
Other........................... Various Various 7 15
-------------------- ------------------- ------- -------
Total debt...................... $55,429 $34,593
Long-term debt.................. 12,048 --
------- -------
Short-term debt................. $43,381 $34,593
======= =======
- ------------------------
(1) Guaranteed by the Company and the minority shareholder of HUTS. This
represents drawings on the Company's line of credit with the bank. This line
allows for borrowings of up to $108,434.
(2) Collateralized by $1,500 deposited with the bank and guaranteed by HUTS.
This line allows for borrowings of up to $3,614 and matures on March 1,
2001.
(3) Guaranteed by HUTS. This line allows for borrowings of up to $6,024 and
matured in October 2000.
(4) Guaranteed by UTStarcom-China. This line allows for borrowings of up to
$24,096 and matures in June 2010.
(5) Guaranteed by HUTS. This line allows for borrowings of up to $6,024 and
matures in May 2001.
69
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
NOTE 14--THIRD PARTY DEBT (CONTINUED)
(6) Guaranteed by HUTS. This line allows for borrowings of up to $4,819 and
matures in June 2001.
NOTE 15--OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES
Other current liabilities at December 31, 2000 and 1999 consist of the
following:
(IN THOUSANDS) 2000 1999
- -------------- -------- --------
Accrued contract costs.................................... $22,858 $19,373
Accrued payroll and compensation.......................... 4,500 3,493
Accrued other taxes....................................... -- 618
Warranty costs............................................ 3,133 1,236
Other..................................................... 4,230 4,382
------- -------
$34,721 $29,102
======= =======
NOTE 16--PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES
United States and foreign income (loss) before income taxes, minority
interest, loss on discontinued operations, and cumulative effect of a change in
accounting principles were as follows:
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
------------------------------
2000 1999 1998
-------- -------- --------
(IN THOUSANDS)
United States.................................... $(9,973) $(15,664) $(4,928)
Foreign.......................................... 54,294 31,519 6,030
------- -------- -------
$44,321 $ 15,855 $ 1,102
======= ======== =======
Undistributed foreign earnings at December 31, 2000 amounted to
$91.3 million.
The components of the provision for income taxes are as follows:
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
------------------------------
2000 1999 1998
-------- -------- --------
(IN THOUSANDS)
CURRENT:
Federal......................................... $13,369 $ 1,100 $ 9
State........................................... 782 533 1
Foreign......................................... 6,046 1,700 934
DEFERRED:
Federal......................................... (4,433) (2,453) 632
State........................................... 2 (10) (239)
Foreign......................................... (1,745) (244) 86
------- ------- ------
$14,021 $ 626 $1,423
======= ======= ======
70
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
NOTE 16--PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED)
Deferred income taxes arise from temporary differences between the tax basis
of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial
statements. A summary of the components of net deferred tax assets is as
follows:
U.S. CHINA TOTAL
-------- -------- --------
DECEMBER 31, 2000:
Deferred tax assets:
Current assets
Allowances and reserves........................... $ 1,749 $2,438 $ 4,187
Valuation allowance............................... 2,311 -- 2,311
------- ------ -------
Net current deferred tax assets................. $ 4,060 $2,438 $ 6,498
======= ====== =======
Non current assets
Net operating loss carryforward................... $ 2,231 $ -- $ 2,231
Future period compensation deductions............. 1,395 -- 1,395
Tax credit carryforwards.......................... 3,574 -- 3,574
Fixed assets...................................... 205 205
Other............................................. 508 508
------- ------ -------
Total non-current deferred tax assets........... 7,913 -- 7,913
Valuation allowances.............................. (4,153) -- (4,153)
------- ------ -------
Net non-current deferred tax assets............. $ 3,760 $ -- $ 3,760
======= ====== =======
U.S. CHINA TOTAL
-------- -------- --------
DECEMBER 31, 1999:
Deferred tax assets:
Current assets
Allowances and reserves........................... $ 1,638 $1,222 $ 2,860
Valuation allowance............................... -- (524) (524)
------- ------ -------
Net current deferred tax assets................. $ 1,638 $ 698 $ 2,336
======= ====== =======
Non current assets
Future period compensation deductions............. $ 1,205 $ -- $ 1,205
Net operating loss carryforward................... 2,231 -- 2,231
Tax credit carryforwards.......................... 2,513 -- 2,513
------- ------ -------
Total deferred tax assets....................... 5,949 -- 5,949
Deferred tax liabilities:
Accelerated depreciation.......................... (277) -- (277)
------- ------ -------
5,672 -- 5,672
Valuation allowances.............................. (3,656) -- (3,656)
------- ------ -------
Net non-current deferred tax assets............. $ 2,016 $ -- $ 2,016
======= ====== =======
As of December 31, 2000, the Company had research and development credit
carryforwards of approximately $2.1 million for federal tax purposes expiring in
varying amounts between 2017 and 2019. As of December 31, 2000 the Company had
federal and state net operating loss carryovers of
71
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
NOTE 16--PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED)
$5.4 million and $11.2 million, respectively which were acquired from Wacos in a
merger on December 14, 1999. The federal net operating loss carryovers will
expire in 2019. The state net operating loss carryovers will expire in varying
amounts between 2002 and 2004. Management believes that the Company's ability to
use their deferred tax assets is limited based on the expectation that they will
not be able to fully utilize either the tax net operating losses or the research
and development credits generated by Company's other research and development
center in the U.S. The Company has created a full valuation allowance against
these deferred tax assets.
UTSC and HUTS were granted tax holidays which started to phase out in 1999.
The net impact of these tax holidays was to increase net income by approximately
$4.5 million, $4.5 million, and $0.3 million for the years ended December 31,
2000, December 31, 1999, and December 31, 1998, respectively.
The difference between the Company's effective income tax rate and the
United States of America Federal statutory rate is reconciled below:
YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31,
------------------------------
2000 1999 1998
-------- -------- --------
Federal statutory rate..................................... 34% 34% 34%
State taxes, net of federal income tax benefit............. (1) (3) (11)
Permanent differences...................................... 7 15 17
Amortization of deferred compensation...................... 8 -- --
Effect of difference in foreign taxes rates................ (18) (31) (19)
Change in valuation allowance.............................. -- 11 110
Other...................................................... 2 (22) (3)
--- --- ---
Effective rate............................................. 32% 4% 128%
=== === ===
The high effective tax rate in 1998 reflects valuation allowances on net
operating losses generated by Wacos for which management expects to receive no
future benefit. The effect of the valuation allowances on the Company's
consolidated effective tax rates in 1998 is pronounced because the Company's
income (loss) before taxes and minority interest was relatively small in
comparison to the Wacos net operating losses in those years.
NOTE 17--COMMON STOCK AND STOCK INCENTIVE PLANS
STOCK OPTION PLANS.
1992 OMNIBUS EQUITY INCENTIVE PLAN. On April 12, 1992, the Board of
Directors adopted the Company's 1992 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan, which the
Company's stockholders ratified on December 9, 1994. Under the 1992 plan,
directors, employees and consultants were eligible to acquire shares of common
stock pursuant to options, stock purchase rights and stock appreciation rights.
At the time of adoption, 2,400,000 shares of common stock were reserved for
issuance under the 1992 plan. As of December 31, 2000, there were 1,620,328
shares authorized for issuance under the 1992 plan, and no options outstanding
to purchase any shares of common stock. On July 31, 1995, the Board of Directors
elected not to grant any further options under the 1992 plan.
THE 1995 STOCK PLAN. On July 31, 1995, the Board of Directors adopted, and
in October 1995, the Company's stockholders approved, the Company's 1995 Stock
Plan. Under the 1995 plan, officers,
72
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
NOTE 17--COMMON STOCK AND STOCK INCENTIVE PLANS (CONTINUED)
employees and consultants were eligible to acquire shares of common stock
pursuant to options or stock purchase rights. At the time of adoption, 3,705,232
shares of common stock were reserved for issuance under the 1995 plan. In 1995
and 1996, the Company's Board and stockholders added an additional 5,400,000
shares to the 1995 plan, raising the total number of authorized shares reserved
under the 1995 plan to 9,105,232. As of December 31, 2000, there were 6,711,744
shares authorized for issuance under the 1995 plan and options to purchase
3,185,650 shares of common stock were outstanding under the 1995 plan. On
January 31, 1997, the Board of Directors elected not to grant any further
options under the 1995 plan. Upon the adoption of the 1997 plan, all remaining
unissued shares under the 1995 plan not already subject to options or other
awards ceased to be reserved for issuance under the 1995 plan.
THE 1997 STOCK PLAN. On January 31, 1997, the Board of Directors adopted,
and the Company's stockholders approved, the Company's 1997 Stock Plan. Under
the 1997 plan, officers, employees and consultants are eligible to receive
options to purchase shares of common stock and stock purchase rights. In
December 1999, the Board of Directors amended the 1997 plan, which the Company's
stockholders approved in February 2000. As of December 31, 2000 the Company is
authorized to issue up to 12,903,841 shares subject to options. During the term
of the 1997 plan, the number of shares issuable under the plan will be increased
annually on the first day of each fiscal year beginning in 2001 by an amount
equal to the lesser of 6,000,000 shares or 4% of the outstanding shares of our
common stock on that date, or a lesser amount determined by the Board. The plan
terminates in January 2007, but may be terminated earlier by the Board of
Directors. As of December 31, 2000, there were options to purchase 11,989,074
shares of common stock outstanding under the 1997 plan. The Compensation
Committee administers the 1997 plan.
Options granted under the 1997 plan may be incentive stock options, or ISOs,
which are intended to qualify for favorable federal income tax treatment under
the provisions of Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended,
or non-qualified stock options, or NSOs, which do not so qualify. The
Compensation Committee selects the eligible persons to whom options will be
granted and determines the grant date, amounts, exercise prices, vesting periods
and other relevant terms of the options, including whether the options will be
ISOs or NSOs. The exercise price of ISOs granted under the 1997 plan may not be
less than 100% of the fair market value of our common stock on the grant date,
while the exercise price of NSOs can be determined by the Compensation Committee
in its discretion. Options are generally not transferable during the life of the
optionee.
Options vest and become exercisable as determined by the Compensation
Committee. Options may generally be exercised at any time after they vest and
before their expiration date as determined by the Compensation Committee.
However, no option may be exercised more than 10 years after the grant date.
Options will generally terminate (i) 12 months after the death or permanent
disability of an optionee and (ii) 90 days after termination of employment for
any other reason. The aggregate fair market value of the shares of common stock
represented by ISOs that become exercisable in any calendar year may not exceed
$100,000. Options in excess of this limit are treated as NSOs.
In the event the Company is merged with or into another corporation, or all
or substantially all of the Company's assets are sold, each outstanding option
will be assumed or an equivalent option or right will be substituted by the
successor corporation or its parent or subsidiary. If the successor corporation
refuses to assume or substitute for the option or right, the options or rights
will automatically vest and become exercisable in full for a period of at least
fifteen days, after which time the option will terminate.
73
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
NOTE 17--COMMON STOCK AND STOCK INCENTIVE PLANS (CONTINUED)
Under the 1997 plan, the Company may grant stock purchase rights to eligible
participants. Any shares purchased pursuant to stock purchase rights will be
subject to a restricted stock purchase agreement. Unless the Compensation
Committee determines otherwise, this agreement will grant the Company a right to
repurchase the stock upon the voluntary or involuntary termination of the
employee for any reason, including death or disability. The purchase price for
repurchased shares will be the original price paid and may be paid by
cancellation of any indebtedness owed to the Company. The shares of stock
subject to the right of repurchase lapse over time.
As of December 31, 2000, an aggregate of 21,235,913 shares of common stock
were authorized for issuance under the Company's stock plans, 15,174,724 of
which were subject to outstanding options and 155,035 of which were available
for grant.
A summary of activity under the Plans follows:
SHARES AVAILABLE NUMBER OF WEIGHTED AVERAGE
FOR GRANT SHARES EXERCISE PRICE
---------------- ---------- ----------------
Options Outstanding, December 31, 1997.............. 3,788,284 8,951,348 $ 1.31
Options Granted..................................... (2,611,198) 2,611,198 $ 3.53
Options Exercised................................... -- (483,544) $ 1.00
Options Forfeited or Expired........................ 1,120,010 (1,424,380) $ 2.71
---------- ---------- ------
Options Outstanding, December 31, 1998.............. 2,297,096 9,654,622 $ 1.72
Options Authorized in 1999.......................... 3,209,556 -- --
Options Granted..................................... (6,055,310) 6,055,310 $ 5.65
Options Exercised................................... -- (555,911) $ 0.95
Options Forfeited or Expired........................ 720,901 (748,307) $ 3.54
---------- ---------- ------
Options Outstanding, December 31, 1999.............. 172,243 14,405,714 $ 3.25
Options Authorized in 2000.......................... 4,404,823 -- --
Options Granted..................................... (4,848,697) 4,848,697 $15.74
Options Exercised................................... -- (3,651,687) $ 1.25
Options Forfeited or Expired........................ 426,666 (428,000) $12.52
---------- ---------- ------
Options Outstanding, December 31, 2000.............. 155,035 15,174,724 $ 7.54
========== ========== ======
Options to purchase 6,937,475 shares were exercisable as of December 31,
2000.
74
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
NOTE 17--COMMON STOCK AND STOCK INCENTIVE PLANS (CONTINUED)
The following table summarizes information with respect to stock options
outstanding as of December 31, 2000:
OUTSTANDING OPTIONS AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2000
------------------------------------------------- EXERCISABLE AT DECEMBER 31, 2000
WEIGHTED AVERAGE ---------------------------------
RANGE OF NUMBER WEIGHTED AVERAGE REMAINING NUMBER WEIGHTED AVERAGE
EXERCISE PRICES OF SHARES EXERCISE PRICE CONTRACTUAL LIFE OF SHARES EXERCISE PRICE
- --------------------- ----------- ---------------- ---------------- ------------- -----------------
(IN YEARS)
$ 0.06 - $ 0.06 277,188 $ 0.06 7.6 182,028 $ 0.06
0.25 - 0.25 185,672 0.25 8.2 83,005 $ 0.25
0.85 - 0.94 2,528,342 0.86 2.7 2,528,342 $ 0.86
1.71 - 2.50 1,886,201 2.16 3.7 1,789,285 $ 2.14
3.54 - 4.50 3,633,858 4.27 8.3 1,570,675 $ 4.23
9.38 - 13.00 3,998,405 11.10 9.4 574,200 $ 9.45
15.00 - 21.31 2,076,266 15.80 9.4 147,248 $17.97
22.75 - 30.13 563,792 25.33 9.5 62,692 $24.18
36.50 - 47.50 25,000 43.10 9.3 -- --
- ------------------ ---------- ------ --- --------- ------
$ 0.06 - $47.50 15,174,724 $ 7.54 7.2 6,937,475 $ 3.21
The Company has elected to account for employee stock-based compensation
under APB 25 and has provided the following information as required by
SFAS 123, "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation."
The following assumptions were used to calculate the fair value of the
options granted:
2000 1999 1998
-------- -------- --------
Expected remaining term in years....................... 3.00 2.41 3.51
Weight average risk-free interest rate................. 5.86% 6.10% 4.91%
Expected dividend rate................................. 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Volatility............................................. 100.00% 0.00% 0.00%
The weighted average fair value per share of those options granted in 2000,
1999 and 1998 was $7.54, $3.25, and $0.82, respectively. The Company was not
public in 1999 and 1998, as such a zero volatility rate was used.
75
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
NOTE 17--COMMON STOCK AND STOCK INCENTIVE PLANS (CONTINUED)
Using the above method and assumptions, the Company's net income (loss)
applicable to common stock and earnings (loss) per share, on a pro forma basis,
would have been:
EARNINGS (LOSS) EARNINGS (LOSS)
NET INCOME PER SHARE PER SHARE
(LOSS) BASIC DILUTED
---------- --------------- ---------------
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
Year ended:
December 31, 1998:
Actual............................... $ (300) $(0.04) $ --
======== ====== ======
Pro forma............................ $ (775) $(0.10) $(0.01)
======== ====== ======
December 31, 1999:
Actual............................... $(18,514) $(2.13) $(2.13)
======== ====== ======
Pro forma............................ $(21,395) $(2.47) $(2.47)
======== ====== ======
December 31, 2000:
Actual............................... $ 27,013 $ 0.34 $ 0.27
======== ====== ======
Pro forma............................ $ 22,976 $ 0.29 $ 0.23
======== ====== ======
These pro forma results are not necessarily indicative of results which may
be expected in the future as additional grants are made each year and options
vest over several years.
2000 EMPLOYEE STOCK PURCHASE PLAN.
In February 2000, the Company's stockholders approved the 2000 Employee
Stock Purchase Plan. The Purchase Plan is intended to qualify as an "employee
stock purchase plan" under Section 423 of the Internal Revenue Code.
The Company has reserved 2,000,000 shares of common stock for sale under the
stock purchase plan. The number of shares reserved for sale under the plan will
be increased annually on the first day of each fiscal year beginning in 2001 by
an amount equal to the lesser of 4,000,000 shares or 2% of the outstanding
shares of the Company's common stock on that date, or a lesser amount determined
by the Board of Directors. The stock purchase plan will be administered by the
Board or a committee appointed by the Board.
The stock purchase plan is implemented by offering periods, the duration of
which may not exceed 24 months. Offering periods may contain interim purchase
periods. Shares purchased under the stock purchase plan will be held in separate
accounts for each participant. The first offering period began in March 2000 and
shall end on the last trading day on or before April 30, 2002.
Employees will be eligible to participate in the stock purchase plan if they
are employed by the Company for more than 20 hours per week and more than five
months in a calendar year. The stock purchase plan permits eligible employees to
purchase the Company's common stock through payroll deductions, which may not
exceed 15% of the employee's total compensation. Stock may be purchased under
the plan at a price equal to 85% of the fair market value of the Company's stock
on either the date of purchase or the first day of the offering period,
whichever is lower. However, the Board of Directors may in its discretion
provide that the price at which shares of common stock are purchased under the
plan shall be 85% of the fair market value of the Company's shares on the date
of purchase.
76
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
NOTE 17--COMMON STOCK AND STOCK INCENTIVE PLANS (CONTINUED)
Participants may not purchase shares of common stock having a value greater than
$25,000 during any calendar year.
Participants may increase or decrease their payroll deductions at any time
during an offering period, subject to limits imposed by the Board of Directors.
If a participant withdraws from the stock purchase plan, any contributions that
have not been used to purchase shares shall be refunded. A participant who has
withdrawn may not participate in the stock purchase plan again until the next
offering period. In the event of retirement or cessation of employment for any
reason, any contributions that have not yet been used to purchase shares will be
refunded to the participant, or to the participant's designated beneficiary in
the case of death, and a certificate will be issued for the full shares in the
participant's account.
The Board of Directors may terminate or amend the stock purchase plan,
subject to stockholder approval in some circumstances. Unless terminated earlier
by the Board, the stock purchase plan will have a term of 10 years.
At December 31, 2000 there were rights to purchase approximately 73,811
shares outstanding under the Purchase Plan and there were 1,926,189 shares
available for purchase under the plan.
DEFERRED STOCK COMPENSATION
In connection with the grant of certain stock options to employees,
non-employees and members of the Board of Directors, the Company recorded
deferred stock compensation of $0.3 million in 2000 representing the difference
between the deemed fair value of common stock for accounting purposes and the
option exercise price of these options at the date of grant. Deferred
compensation is presented as a reduction of stockholders' equity, with
amortization recorded over the four-year vesting period. At December 31, 2000
approximately $6.5 million remained to be amortized over the corresponding
vesting period of each respective option, generally four years. The deferred
stock compensation amortization expense for 2001, 2002, and 2003 is expected to
be $4.1 million, $1.9 million, and $0.5 million, respectively.
NOTE 18--401(K) PLAN
On January 1, 2000, the Company adopted the UTStarcom Inc. 401(k) Savings
Plan (the "401(k) Plan") a cash-or-deferred arrangement which covers the
Company's eligible employees. The 401(k) Plan permits, but does not require,
that the Company may make matching contributions on behalf of all eligible
employees who make salary reduction contributions to the 401(k) Plan. Commencing
with the plan year beginning January 1, 2001, the Company has elected to begin
making matching contributions on behalf of qualified employees who participate
in the 401(k) Plan. The Company will contribute $0.50 for each dollar
contributed by qualified employees to the 401(k) Plan, to a maximum of $3,000
per employee per plan year. The Company's matching contributions are subject to
a vesting schedule based upon longevity of employee service with the Company.
The Company made no contribution to the plan for any of the year presented.
NOTE 19--COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
On July 24, 2000, the Company entered into an agreement totaling
approximately $10.7 million. The Company agreed to purchase software
intellectual property from Hua You Starcom Communication Co., Ltd. and Stable
Gain International Ltd., and to purchase certain related fixed
77
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
NOTE 19--COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (CONTINUED)
assets from Hainan Xinhuangpu Investment Co., Ltd. Also development employees
were transferred from Hainan Xinhuangpu Investment Co., Ltd. to the Company. The
transfer of the software intellectual property will be recorded upon the
completion of government approvals. Upon completion of the transaction, the
Company expects to use purchase accounting.
LEASES:
The Company leases certain facilities under non-cancelable operating leases,
which expire at various dates through 2003. The minimum future lease payments
under the leases at December 31, 2000 are as follows:
OPERATING LEASES
----------------
Years ending:
2001...................................................... $1,926
2002...................................................... 1,104
2003...................................................... 34
2004...................................................... --
------
Total minimum lease payments.............................. $3,064
Rent expense for the years ended December 31, 2000, 1999, and 1998 was
$2.2 million, $1.8 million, and $1.8 million, respectively.
LITIGATION:
The Company and its subsidiaries may become involved in legal proceedings,
claims and litigation from time to time arising in the ordinary course of
business. In the opinion of management, the outcome of such current legal
proceedings, claims and litigation will not have a material effect on the
Company's consolidated operating results, cash flows, or financial position.
GUARANTEE:
In conjunction with a sale of equipment, HUTS has guaranteed a bank loan
incurred by a UTSC customer. As of December 31, 2000, the total amount of debt
guaranteed by the Company was $1.0 million. The debt carries an interest rate of
6.993% per annum and is payable in three installments with the final installment
due December 30, 2001.
NOTE 20--OPERATING RISKS
Financial Risks:
Financial instruments, which potentially subject the Company to
concentrations of credit risk, consist principally of cash, cash equivalents,
short-term investments and accounts receivable. The Company places its temporary
cash and short-term investments with several financial institutions.
Approximately $44.3 million and $43.6 million of the Company's cash was on
deposit in foreign accounts at December 31, 2000 and 1999, respectively. The
Company invests excess cash in highly liquid investments with original maturity
of twelve months or less, such as certificates of deposit, government sponsored
entities notes, commercial paper, floating rate corporate bonds, fixed income
corporate bonds, and money market funds, which the Company believes have limited
exposure to risk.
78
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
NOTE 20--OPERATING RISKS (CONTINUED)
Concentration of Credit Risk and Major Customers:
The Company's first and second largest customers accounted for 12.1% and
6.0% of the Company's sales as of December 31, 2000 and 7.0% and 0.2% of the
accounts receivable respectively, as of December 31, 2000. The Company's first
and second largest customers accounted for 30.0% and 11.0% of the Company's
sales and 39.0% and 6.0% of the accounts receivable respectively, as of
December 31, 1999. No customer in the continuing operations accounted for more
than 10% of the Company's sales during 1998. Over 90% of the Company's sales
during 2000 were to entities affiliated with the government of China or state
owned enterprises. Accounts receivable balances from these China government
affiliated entities or state owned enterprises were $153.8 million as of
December 31, 2000 and $83.8 million as of December 31, 1999. The Company extends
credit to its customers generally without requiring collateral. The Company
monitors its exposure for credit losses and maintains allowances for
uncollectible accounts.
One vendor, a related party, accounted for 28.4% of the Company's cost of
sales and there was no amount outstanding as of December 31, 2000.
Country Risks:
Almost 99% of the Company's sales for the year ended December 31, 2000 were
made in China. Accordingly, the Company's business, financial condition and
results of operations may be influenced by the political, economic and legal
environment in China, and by the general state of China's economy. The Company's
operations in China are subject to special considerations and significant risks
not typically associated with companies in the United States. These include
risks associated with, among others, the political, economic and legal
environments and foreign currency exchange. The Company's results may be
adversely affected by, among other things, changes in the political, economic
and social conditions in China, and by changes in governmental policies with
respect to laws and regulations, changes in China's telecommunications industry
and regulatory rules and policies, anti-inflationary measures, currency
conversion and remittance abroad, and rates and methods of taxation.
Beginning in January 1, 1999, China's government required that all
manufacturers of telecommunications equipment connected to public or private
telecommunications networks within China obtain a network access license for
each of its products. Sellers are prohibited from selling or advertising for
sale equipment for which its manufacturer has not obtained a network access
license and may be liable for penalties in an amount up to three times earnings
from the sale of any equipment sold beginning January 1, 1999 without a license.
Failure to obtain the required licenses could permit the authorities to force
the Company to remove previously installed equipment and could preclude the
Company from making further sales of the unlicensed products in China, which
would substantially harm the Company's business.
In June 2000, the Ministry of Information Industry issued an internal notice
concluding its review of PHS-based equipment. The Company's PAS system will
continue to be allowed in China's county-level cities and counties, which are
the Company's primary markets for the Company's PAS system. In large and
medium-sized cities, the Company's PAS system may be used on a limited basis
where there is a high concentration of population, such as campuses, commercial
buildings and special development zones. New city-wide PAS system deployments
will not be allowed in large and medium-size cities. The evaluation group for
access networks under the Ministry of Information Industry has recommended that
the Ministry of Information Industry issue a license for the Company's PAS
system. However, the Company does not yet have this network access license and
the Company cannot provide any assurance
79
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
NOTE 20--OPERATING RISKS (CONTINUED)
that such a license will be issued for the Company's PAS system. In addition,
there is no assurance that the Ministry of Information Industry will not conduct
any further review/evaluation of PHS-based equipment or change its order
regarding PHS-based system in the future. Management has also applied for
network access licenses for other products which the Company is no longer
manufacturing but had previously sold. However, the Company has not yet received
these access licenses and has no assurance that a license will be issued.
Management believes that no penalties or fines will be payable for
non-compliance with the licensing requirements for both the PAS system and other
products and that there will be no adverse effect on the Company's business or
financial condition.
NOTE 21--QUARTERLY RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED)
The table below has been revised to account for the application of SAB 101
"Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements" (SAB 101).
FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DEC. 31, SEPT. 30, JUNE 30, MARCH 31, DEC. 31, SEPT. 30, JUNE 30, MARCH 31,
2000 2000 2000 2000 1999 1999 1999 1999
-------- --------- -------- --------- -------- --------- -------- ---------
REVISED REVISED REVISED
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE AMOUNTS)
Revenues.............................. $126,997 $107,386 $75,676 $58,587 $ 62,815 $55,019 $42,131 $27,551
Gross profit.......................... $ 43,014 $ 37,292 $27,262 $20,613 $ 23,902 $23,060 $18,254 $ 9,597
Net income/(loss)..................... $ 13,887 $ 12,355 $ 5,020 $(3,269) $(27,359) $ 6,646 $ 3,625 $(1,426)
Net income/(loss) per share:*
Basic............................... $ 0.15 $ 0.13 $ 0.05 $ (0.09) $ (3.11) $ 0.76 $ 0.42 $ (0.17)
Diluted............................. $ 0.13 $ 0.12 $ 0.05 $ (0.09) $ (3.11) $ 0.09 $ 0.05 $ (0.17)
- ------------------------------
* Net income/(loss) per share is computed independently for each of the
quarters presented, therefore, the sum of the quarterly net income/(loss)
per share may not equal the annual net income/(loss) per share.
Revised quarterly results (unaudited)
The results of operations and statements of financial position as previously
reported in the Company's interim 2000 financial statements filed on Form 10-Q
have been revised to reflect the application of SAB 101 "Revenue Recognition in
Financial Statements" effective January 1, 2000. The proforma results of
operations for the three months ended December 31, 1999 is presented for
comparison purposes as if the application of SAB 101 were adopted October 1,
1999.
The net effect of the revision was:
FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SEPTEMBER 30, 2000 JUNE 30, 2000 MARCH 31, 2000
------------------------ ------------------------ ------------------------
AS REPORTED AS REVISED AS REPORTED AS REVISED AS REPORTED AS REVISED
----------- ---------- ----------- ---------- ----------- ----------
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE DATA)
Revenues.................. $103,812 $107,386 $80,008 $75,676 $58,759 $58,587
Gross profit.............. $ 35,940 $ 37,292 $28,356 $27,262 $20,860 $20,613
Net income/(loss)......... $ 10,870 $ 12,355 $ 6,208 $ 5,020 $(2,983) $(3,269)
Net income/(loss) per
share:*
Basic................... $ 0.12 $ 0.13 $ 0.07 $ 0.05 $ (0.08) $ (0.09)
Diluted................. $ 0.11 $ 0.12 $ 0.06 $ 0.05 $ (0.08) $ (0.09)
DECEMBER 31, 1999
--------------------------
AS REPORTED AS PROFORMA
----------- ------------
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE DATA)
Revenues.................. $ 62,815 $ 61,218
Gross profit.............. $ 23,902 $ 23,607
Net income/(loss)......... $(27,359) $(27,654)
Net income/(loss) per
share:*
Basic................... $ (3.11) $ (3.15)
Diluted................. $ (3.11) $ (3.15)
80
PRO FORMA COMBINED FINANCIAL INFORMATION (UNAUDITED)
The following unaudited pro forma information presents the combined results
of operations as if the acquisition of the minority interest in Wacos had
occurred at the beginning of 1999. The pro forma information is not necessarily
indicative of what would have occurred had the acquisition taken place as of
January 1, 1999, nor is it indicative of future results of operations.
See notes to unaudited pro forma combined financial information for further
detail on the accounting treatment.
81
UTSTARCOM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
UNAUDITED PRO FORMA COMBINED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1999
-----------------------------------------------------------
PRO FORMA
UTSTARCOM WACOS(A) COMBINED ADJUSTMENTS TOTAL
---------- --------- --------- ----------- --------
Net sales............................................. $187,516 $187,516 $187,516
Cost of sales (includes amortization of deferred stock
compensation of $12)................................ 112,703 112,703 112,703
-------- -------- -------- ------- --------
Gross profit.......................................... 74,813 74,813 74,813
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative expenses
(includes amortization of deferred stock
compensation of $4,256)........................... 35,122 35,122 35,122
Research and development expenses (includes
amortization of deferred stock compensation of
$1,285)........................................... 18,648 18,648 18,648
Amortization of intangible assets................... 332 332 $ 4,608(1) 4,940
In-process research and development costs........... 3,992 3,992 (3,992)(2) --
-------- -------- -------- ------- --------
Total operating expenses.............................. 58,094 58,094 616 58,710
-------- -------- -------- ------- --------
Operating income (loss)............................... 16,719 16,719 (616) 16,103
Interest income (expenses)............................ (1,047) (1,047) (1,047)
Other income (expenses)............................... (1,165) (1,165) (1,165)
Equity in net income of affiliated companies.......... 1,348 1,348 1,348
-------- -------- -------- ------- --------
Income (loss) before income taxes and minority
interest............................................ 15,855 15,855 (616) 15,239
Income tax expense (benefit).......................... 626 626 626
-------- -------- -------- ------- --------
Income (loss) before minority interest................ 15,229 15,229 (616) 14,613
Minority interest in (earnings) loss of consolidated
subsidiaries........................................ (2,110) (2,110) (2,110)
-------- -------- -------- ------- --------
Income (loss) from continuing operations.............. 13,119 13,119 (616) 12,503
Beneficial conversion feature of Series F convertible
preferred stock..................................... (29,977) (29,977) (29,977)
-------- -------- -------- ------- --------
Income (loss) from continuing operations applicable to
common stockholders................................. $(16,858) $(16,858) $ (616) $(17,474)
======== ======== ======== ======= ========
Earnings per common share--basic...................... $ (0.24)
========
Earnings per common share--diluted.................... $ (0.24)
========
Shares used in pro forma per-share
calculation--basic................................ 72,947
========
Shares used in pro forma per-share
calculation--diluted.............................. 72,947
========
(A) Wacos statement of operations are consolidated within UTStarcom's statement
of operations and no further adjustment is required.
See accompanying notes to unaudited pro forma combined financial information.
82
UTSTARCOM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED PRO FORMA COMBINED FINANCIAL INFORMATION
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
Pro forma adjustments for the unaudited pro forma statement of operations
for the year ended 1999 are as follows:
(1) Represents the allocation of purchase price for Wacos to assembled
workforce and the excess of costs of acquiring Wacos over the fair value
of net assets acquired, which will be amortized over a period of three to
five years; and
(2) Represents the in-process research and development charge resulting from
the acquisition of the minority interest in Wacos, removed from the pro
forma statement of operations as a non-recurring charge.
The pro forma combined statement of operations data presents the Company's
consolidated results of operations as if the Company's acquisition of Wacos had
occurred as of January 1, 1999 and the assumed conversion of all the Company's
outstanding preferred stock into shares of the Company's common stock that will
be effective upon the closing of the Company's initial public offering as if
such conversion had occurred on January 1, 1999 or at the date of issuance. The
pro forma information is not necessarily indicative of what would have occurred
had the acquisition been made as of such period, nor is it indicative of future
results of operations.
ITEM 9-- CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
Not applicable.
83
PART III
ITEM 10--DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF UTSTARCOM, INC.
The information required by this section is incorporated by reference from
the information in the section entitled "Election of Directors" in the Proxy
Statement. The required information concerning our executive officers is
contained in the section entitled "Executive Officers" in Part I of this
Form 10-K.
Item 405 of Regulation S-K calls for disclosure of any known late filing or
failure by an insider to file a report required by Section 16 of the Exchange
Act. This disclosure is contained in the section entitled "Section 16
(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance" in the Proxy Statement and is
incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 11--EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The information required by this section is incorporated by reference from
the information in the sections entitled "Election of Directors--Directors'
Compensation", "Executive Compensation" and "Stock Price Performance Graph" in
the Proxy Statement.
ITEM 12--SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT
The information required by this section is incorporated by reference from
the information in the section entitled "Security Ownership of Certain
Beneficial Owners and Management" in the Proxy Statement.
ITEM 13--CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
The information required by this section is incorporated by reference from
the information in the section entitled "Certain Relationships and Related
Transactions" in the Proxy Statement.
PART IV
ITEM 14--EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K
(a) (1) FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--See Index to Consolidated Financial
Statements and Financial Statement Schedules at page 53 of this
Form 10-K.
(2) FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULE(S)--See Index to Consolidated
Financial Statements and Financial Statement Schedules at page 53
of this Form 10-K.
(3) EXHIBITS--See Exhibit Index at page 85 of this Form 10-K.
84
EXHIBITS INDEX
EXHIBIT
NUMBER DESCRIPTION
- --------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------
3.1(1) Thirteenth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation
of UTStarcom, Inc.
3.2(1) Amended and Restated Bylaws of UTStarcom, Inc.
4.1 See exhibits 3.1 and 3.2 for provisions of the Certificate
of Incorporation and Bylaws defining the rights of holders
of Common Stock.
4.2(1) Specimen Common Stock Certificate.
4.3(1) Third Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement
dated December 14, 1999.
10.1(1) Form of Indemnification Agreement.
10.2(1) 1992 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan and form of related
agreement.
10.3(1) 1995 Stock Plan and forms of related agreements.
10.4(1) 1997 Stock Plan, as amended, and forms of related
agreements.
10.5(1) 2000 Employee Stock Purchase Plan and forms of related
agreements.
10.6(1) Common Stock Purchase Warrant dated February 5, 1998 between
UTStarcom, Inc. and Lintech Limited.
10.7(1) Common Stock Purchase Warrant dated September 20, 1999
between UTStarcom, Inc. and Talent Group International, Ltd.
10.8(1) Employment and Non-Competition Agreement dated October 6,
1995 between UTStarcom, Inc. and Hong Lu.
10.9(1) Employment and Non-Competition Agreement dated October 6,
1995 between UTStarcom, Inc. and Ying Wu.
10.10(1)* Product Manufacture & License Agreement dated May 13, 1997
between UTStarcom, Inc. and Tollgrade Communications, Inc.
10.11(1)* Sales Agreement dated February 12, 1999 between UTStarcom
(China) Ltd. and BaoDing Telecommunication Bureau, Hebei
Province.
10.12(1)* Sales Contract dated August 23, 1999 between UTStarcom
(China) Ltd. and Xian Telecommunication Bureau.
10.13(1)* Technical License and Assistance Agreement dated November 2,
1999 between UTStarcom, Inc. and Mitsubishi Electric
Corporation.
10.13(a)(1)* Amendment No. 1 to Technical License and Assistance
Agreement dated February 21, 2000 between UTStarcom, Inc.
and Mitsubishi Electric Corporation.
10.14(1)* Technical Assistance Agreement dated October 1, 1999 between
Matsushita Communication Industrial Co. Ltd. and UTStarcom,
Inc.
10.14(a)(1) Addendum dated February 18, 2000 to the Technical Assistance
Agreement dated October 1, 1999 between Matsushita
Communication Industrial Co. Ltd. and UTStarcom, Inc.
10.15(1)* Joint Product Development and Marketing Memorandum and
Understanding dated September 2, 1999 between UTStarcom,
Inc. and Matsushita Communication Industrial Co., Ltd.
10.16(1)* Joint Patent Filing Agreement dated December 1, 1998 between
UTStarcom, Inc. and Matsushita Communication Industrial Co.,
Ltd.
10.17(1)* Loan Agreement dated June 15, 1998 between UTStarcom, Inc.
and SOFTBANK Corp.
85
EXHIBIT
NUMBER DESCRIPTION
- --------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------
10.18(a)(1)*+ Loan Agreement dated March 9, 1999 between Bank of China and
UTStarcom Hangzhou Telecommunications Co., Ltd.
10.18(b)(1)* Loan Agreement dated June 7, 1999 between Bank of China and
UTStarcom Hangzhou Telecommunications Co., Ltd.
10.18(c)(1)* Loan Agreement dated June 29, 1999 between Bank of China and
UTStarcom Hangzhou Telecommunications Co., Ltd.
10.18(d)(1)* Loan Agreement dated July 7, 1999 between Bank of China and
UTStarcom Hangzhou Telecommunications Co., Ltd.
10.18(e)(1)* Loan Agreement dated July 14, 1999 between Bank of China and
UTStarcom Hangzhou Telecommunications Co., Ltd.
10.18(f)(1)* Loan Agreement dated July 21, 1999 between Bank of China and
UTStarcom Hangzhou Telecommunications Co., Ltd.
10.18(g)(1)* Loan Agreement dated August 5, 1999 between Bank of China
and UTStarcom Hangzhou Telecommunications Co., Ltd.
10.18(h)(1)* Loan Agreement dated August 17, 1999 between Bank of China
and UTStarcom Hangzhou Telecommunications Co., Ltd.
10.18(i)(1)* Loan Agreement dated September 2, 1999 between Bank of China
and UTStarcom Hangzhou Telecommunications Co., Ltd.
10.18(j)(1)* Loan Agreement dated September 17, 1999 between Bank of
China and UTStarcom Hangzhou Telecommunications Co., Ltd.
10.19(1)* Joint Venture Agreement dated July 31, 1997 between
UTStarcom, Inc. and Zhejiang Telecommunication Equipment
Factory.
10.20(1)* Joint Venture Agreement dated December 8, 1995 between
UTStarcom, Inc. and Chinese Guangdong Nanfeng
Telecommunication Group Co. Ltd.
10.20(a)(1)* Amendment Agreement to the Contract and Articles of
Association of Guangdong UTStarcom Communications Co. Ltd.
dated December 11, 1997.
10.21(1)* Joint Venture Agreement dated September 12, 1997 between
UTStarcom, Inc. and Zhejiang Nantian Post and
Telecommunication Development Group Co. Ltd.
10.22(1) Lease dated December 23, 1997 between UTStarcom, Inc. and
Tech Center Partners.
10.23(1) Lease Agreement dated April 1995, as amended, between
UTStarcom, Inc. and Metro Park Associates.
10.24(1) Lease Agreements dated December 31, 1997 and May 14, 1998
between Guangdong UTStarcom Telecom Co., Ltd. and Guangdong
Southern Telecom Group Huizhou Company.
10.25(1) Lease Contract dated December 15, 1996 between UTStarcom
(Hangzhou) Telecommunications Co., Ltd. and Yile Village,
Gudang Township.
10.26(1)* Purchase Agreement for P.R. China Market dated April 1, 1999
between UTStarcom Inc., Matsushita Electric Industrial Co.,
Ltd. and Matsushita Communication Industrial Co., Ltd.
10.27(1) Information Service Project Contract dated June 1, 1998
between UTStarcom (China) Ltd. and China Jitong
Communication Co. Ltd.
10.28(1) Payment Agent Contract dated June 11, 1998 among UTStarcom,
UTStarcom (China) Ltd, Softbank Corporation and Jitong
Communication Co., Ltd.
86
EXHIBIT
NUMBER DESCRIPTION
- --------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------
10.29(1) Agreement on Termination of Contract dated August 30, 1999
among UTStarcom, Inc., UTStarcom (China) Ltd., Softbank
Corporation and Jitong Communication Co., Ltd.
10.30(1) Exchange Agreement dated October 15, 1997 between UTStarcom,
Inc. and certain investors.
10.31(1) Exchange Agreement dated October 15, 1997 between UTStarcom,
Inc. and certain investors.
10.32(1) Employment and Non-Competition Agreement dated October 6,
1995 between UTStarcom, Inc. and Bill Huang.
10.33(1) Lease contract on Housing and Vacant Land at Yunshan Post
and Telecommunication Industrial Village dated January 3,
2000 between Guangdong UTStarcom Telecom Co., Ltd. and
Guangdong Nanfang Communication Group, Huizhou Co.
10.34(1) Loan Agreement dated October 8, 1996 between UTStarcom
(China) Co., Inc. and Bill X. Huang.
10.35(1) Promissory Note Secured by Deed of Trust dated February 13,
1999 issued to UTStarcom, Inc. by Bill X. Huang and Minnie
Huang.
10.36(1)* Supply Agreement dated February 18, 2000 between UTStarcom,
Inc. and Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.
10.37(2)* Manufacturing License Agreement between Himachal Futuristic
Communications Ltd. and UTStarcom, Inc., undated.
10.38(2)* Sales Agreement between Japan Radio Company and UTStarcom,
dated March 16, 2000.
10.39(2)* Technical Collaboration Agreement between Sharp Corporation
and UTStarcom, Inc., dated March 31, 2000.
10.40(2)* Parts Supply Agreement between Sharp Corporation and
UTStarcom, Inc., undated.
10.41(3)* Joint Venture Agreement between SOFTBANK Corporation and
UTStarcom, Inc., dated May 29, 2000.
10.42(3)* Land Use Right Assignment Agreement between the
Administration Committee of Hangzhou Hi-Tech Industry
Development Zone of Zhejiang Province of the People's
Republic of China and UTStarcom, Inc., dated May 18, 2000.
10.43(3)* Supply Agreement between Matsushita Electric Industrial Co.,
Ltd., Matsushita Communications Industrial Co., Ltd., and
UTStarcom, Inc., dated April 1, 2000.
10.44(4)* OEM Agreement between UTStarcom, Inc. and Zaffire, Inc.,
dated August 10, 2000.
10.45(4)* Development Agreement between UTStarcom, Inc. and Matsushita
Communication Industrial Co., Ltd., dated September 26,
2000.
10.46(4)* OEM Agreement between UTStarcom, Inc. and Interwave
Communications International, Ltd., dated July 14, 2000.
10.47(4)* OEM Agreement between UTStarcom, Inc. and Foundry Networks,
Inc., dated August 24, 2000.
10.48(4)* Loan Contract between UTSC Co., Ltd. and Bank of China
Beijing Branch, dated August 29, 2000.
10.49* Sales Contract between UTStarcom (China), Ltd. and Zhejiang
Telecom Company (Shaoxing Branch), dated November 18, 2000.
87
EXHIBIT
NUMBER DESCRIPTION
- --------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------
10.50* Sales Contract between UTStarcom (China), Ltd. and He Nan
Telecom Company, dated October 28, 2000.
10.51* Sales Contract between UTStarcom (China), Ltd., Xian
Equipment Import/Export Company, Ltd., and Shaanxi China
Telecom Group, Ltd., dated September 29, 2000. (received by
UTStarcom, Inc. on October 9, 2000).
10.52* Technical Assistance Agreement between UTStarcom, Inc. and
Matsushita Communication Industrial Co. Ltd., dated December
1, 2000.
10.53* Definitive Agreement for Collaboration between UTStarcom,
Inc. and Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, dated October 22,
2000.
10.54* Software License Agreement between UTStarcom, Inc. and DDI
Corporation, Inc. dated October 4, 2000.
10.55* Strategic Alliance, Purchase and License Agreement between
UTStarcom, Inc. and Telecommunication D'Haiti S.A.M., dated
December 5, 2000.
21.1 Subsidiaries of UTStarcom, Inc.
23.1 Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP.
23.2 Consent of Willamette Management Associates
24.1 Power of Attorney (included on signature page).
- ------------------------
* Portions of the exhibit have been omitted pursuant to an order granted by
the Securities and Exchange Commission for confidential treatment.
(1) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant's Registration Statement on
Form S-1 (No. 333-93069), which became effective March 2, 2000.
(2) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
for the quarter ended March 31, 2000.
(3) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
for the quarter ended June 30, 2000.
(4) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
for the quarter ended September 30, 2000.
(b) Reports on Form 8-K:
No reports on Form 8-K were filed during the year.
(c) Exhibits
See Item 14(a) (3) above.
(d) Financial Statement Schedules
See Index to Consolidated Financial Statements and Financial Statement
Schedules at page 53 of this Form 10-K.
88
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on
its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on the 28th day of
February, 2001.
UTSTARCOM, INC.
(REGISTRANT)
By /s/ HONG LIANG LU
-----------------------------------------
Hong Liang Lu
PRESIDENT, CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND
DIRECTOR
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this
report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the
Registrant and in the capacities indicated on the 28th day of February, 2001.
SIGNATURE TITLE
--------- -----
/s/ HONG LIANG LU President, Chief Executive Officer and
-------------------------------------- Director (Principal Executive Officer)
Hong Liang Lu
/s/ MICHAEL J. SOPHIE Vice President of Finance, Chief Financial
-------------------------------------- Officer and Assistant Secretary (Principal
Michael J. Sophie Financial and Accounting Officer)
/s/ MASAYOSHI SON Chairman of the Board of Directors
--------------------------------------
Masayoshi Son
/s/ YING WU Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors
--------------------------------------
Ying Wu
/s/ THOMAS TOY Director
--------------------------------------
Thomas Toy
/s/ CHAUNCEY SHEY Director
--------------------------------------
Chauncey Shey
/s/ LARRY D. HORNER Director
--------------------------------------
Larry D. Horner
89
Condensed Financial Information at December 31, 1999 and 2000 and for each
of the three years ended December 31, 2000.
INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS REPORT ON FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of UTStarcom, Inc.:
Our audits of the consolidated financial statements referred to in our
report dated January 24, 2001, included an audit of the financial statement
schedules of this Form 10-K. In our opinion, these financial statement schedules
present fairly, in all material respects the information set forth therein when
read in conjunction with the related consolidated financial statements.
/s/ PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS LLP
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
San Francisco, California
January 24, 2001
90
SCHEDULE I
UTSTARCOM, INC. (UNCONSOLIDATED)
REGISTRANT BALANCE SHEETS
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
DECEMBER 31,
-------------------
2000 1999
-------- --------
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents................................. $104,805 $ 43,729
Short-term investment..................................... 83,858 --
Accounts receivable....................................... 105,571 42,107
Receivable from related parties........................... 406 892
Inventories, net.......................................... 18,223 11,479
Other current assets...................................... 4,889 4,764
-------- --------
Total current assets........................................ 317,752 102,971
Property, plant and equipment, net.......................... 6,604 3,867
Long-term investments....................................... 110,332 54,971
Goodwill and intangible assets, net......................... 18,888 23,696
Other long term assets...................................... 5,768 2,155
-------- --------
Total assets.............................................. $459,344 $187,660
======== ========
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable.......................................... $ 18,794 $ 4,501
Third party debt.......................................... 7 15
Income taxes payable...................................... 3,999 2,127
Deferred revenue.......................................... 11,457 500
Other current liabilities................................. 12,768 14,797
-------- --------
Total current liabilities................................... 47,025 21,940
-------- --------
Stockholders' equity:
Convertible preferred stock: $.00125 par value; authorized:
99,200,000
shares; issued and outstanding 70,377,322 at December 31,
1999...................................................... -- 88
Common stock: $.00125 par value; authorized: 250,000,000
shares; issued and outstanding: 95,032,657 at December 31,
2000 and 8,929,837 at December 31, 1999................... 120 13
Additional paid-in capital.................................. 426,665 218,692
Deferred stock compensation................................. (6,491) (17,792)
Accumulated deficit......................................... (7,808) (34,821)
Notes receivable from shareholders.......................... (314) (555)
Other comprehensive income.................................. 147 95
-------- --------
Total stockholders' equity.................................. 412,319 165,720
-------- --------
Total liabilities, minority interest, and stockholders'
equity.................................................... $459,344 $187,660
======== ========
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
91
SCHEDULE I
UTSTARCOM, INC. (UNCONSOLIDATED)
CONDENSED INFORMATION AS TO THE
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
OF THE REGISTRANT
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
------------------------------
2000 1999 1998
-------- -------- --------
Net sales................................................... $267,384 $109,091 $48,458
Cost of sales (includes stock compensation expense of $90,
$12, and $0).............................................. 228,624 95,866 36,293
-------- -------- -------
Gross profit................................................ 38,760 13,225 12,165
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative expenses (includes
stock compensation expense of $4,676, $4,256, $390)..... 14,814 8,249 5,892
Research and development expenses (includes stock
compensation expense of $6,795, $1,285, and $22)........ 40,957 12,966 9,319
Amortization of intangible assets......................... 4,808 188 --
In-process research and development costs................. -- 3,992 --
-------- -------- -------
Total operating expenses.................................... 60,579 25,395 15,211
-------- -------- -------
Operating loss.............................................. (21,819) (12,170) (3,046)
Interest income............................................. 12,426 3,839 3,754
Interest expenses........................................... (154) (1,693) (1,016)
Other income (expenses)..................................... (139) 360 (925)
Equity in net income of affiliated companies................ 47,399 21,954 2,220
-------- -------- -------
Income before income taxes and cumulative effect of a change
of accounting principle................................... 37,713 12,290 987
Income tax expense (benefit)................................ 9,720 (829) 394
-------- -------- -------
Income from continuing operations........................... 27,993 13,119 593
Loss from discontinued operations........................... -- (1,656) (893)
-------- -------- -------
Net income (loss) before cumulative effect of a change of
accounting principle...................................... 27,993 11,463 (300)
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle, net of
income taxes.............................................. (980) -- --
-------- -------- -------
Net income (loss)........................................... 27,013 11,463 (300)
Beneficial conversion feature of Series F convertible
preferred stock........................................... -- (29,977) --
-------- -------- -------
Net income (loss) applicable to common stockholders......... $ 27,013 $(18,514) $ (300)
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
92
SCHEDULE I
UTSTARCOM, INC. (UNCONSOLIDATED)
CONDENSED INFORMATION AS TO THE CASH FLOWS OF THE REGISTRANT
(IN THOUSANDS)
YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31,
------------------------------
2000 1999 1998
-------- -------- --------
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income (loss)........................................... $ 27,013 $11,463 $ (300)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash used
in operating activities:
Loss from discontinued operations......................... -- 1,656 893
Depreciation and amortization............................. 7,308 1,258 841
Write-off of in-process research and development costs.... -- 3,992 --
Net loss on sale of assets................................ 698 -- 107
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle....... 980 -- --
Stock compensation expense................................ 11,560 5,553 412
Equity in net loss of affiliated companies................ (47,399) (21,954) (2,220)
Minority interest......................................... -- -- --
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable and receivable from related
parties............................................... (61,089) 3,647 (35,238)
Inventories............................................. (6,744) (10,062) (380)
Other current and non-current assets.................... 2,497 (1,578) (739)
Accounts payable and payable to related parties......... 14,363 (24,359) 16,000
Income taxes payable.................................... 3,264 1,079 884
Other current liabilities............................... (1,987) 11,275 2,585
Deferred revenue........................................ 10,957 500 --
-------- ------- -------
Net cash used in operating activities....................... (38,579) (17,530) (17,155)
-------- ------- -------
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Additions to property, plant and equipment.................. (6,119) (1,422) (2,122)
Investment in affiliates, net of cash acquired.............. (8,945) 108 (803)
Proceeds from disposal of property.......................... 75 652 --
Purchase of short-term investment........................... (83,805) -- --
-------- ------- -------
Net cash used in investing activities....................... (98,794) (662) (2,925)
-------- ------- -------
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Issuance of stock, net of expenses.......................... 198,213 55,481 480
Reacquired common stock..................................... -- -- (453)
Distribution of cash to shareholders........................ -- -- --
Proceeds (payments) from borrowing, net..................... (8) (7) 13
Proceeds from shareholder notes............................. 245 -- --
-------- ------- -------
Net cash provided by financing activities................... 198,450 55,474 40
-------- ------- -------
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents........ 61,077 37,282 (20,040)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period............ 43,729 6,447 26,487
-------- ------- -------
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period.................. $104,806 $43,729 $ 6,447
======== ======= =======
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
93
SCHEDULE I
UTSTARCOM, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION
UTStarcom, Inc., a Delaware corporation, is the parent company of all
UTStarcom, Inc. subsidiaries. The accompanying condensed financial statements
reflect the financial position, results of operations and cash flows of
UTStarcom, Inc. on a separate basis. All subsidiaries of UTStarcom, Inc. are
reflected as investments accounted for using the equity method. Accordingly,
intercompany transactions have not been eliminated. No cash dividends were paid
to UTStarcom, Inc. by its subsidiaries during the three years ended
December 31, 2000. For accounting policies and other information, see the Notes
to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere herein.
94
SCHEDULE II
UTSTARCOM, INC.
VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS AND RESERVES
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2000, 1999, AND 1998
ADDITIONS
BALANCE AT CHARGED TO BALANCE AT
BEGINNING OF COSTS AND END OF
DESCRIPTION THE PERIOD EXPENSES DEDUCTIONS THE PERIOD
- ----------- ------------ ---------- ---------- ----------
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2000
Allowance for doubtful accounts.................... $6,789 $6,448 $ 402 $12,835
Provision for obsolete inventory................... $6,415 $2,786 $ -- $ 9,201
Accrued product warranty costs..................... $1,236 $4,279 $2,382 $ 3,133
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1999
Allowance for doubtful accounts.................... $3,957 $6,006 $3,174 $ 6,789
Provision for obsolete inventory................... $2,445 $5,695 $1,725 $ 6,415
Accrued product warranty costs..................... $ 997 $ 481 $ 242 $ 1,236
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1998
Allowance for doubtful accounts.................... $3,312 $ 875 $ 230 $ 3,957
Provision for obsolete inventory................... $1,779 $1,048 $ 382 $ 2,445
Accrued product warranty costs..................... $ 548 $ 879 $ 430 $ 997
95