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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
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FORM 10-K
(MARK ONE)
/X/ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1999,
OR
/ / TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM ______________ TO ______________
COMMISSION FILE NUMBER 0-28317
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DIGIMARC CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
DELAWARE 94-3342784
(State or other jurisdiction of (I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization) Identification No.)
19801 SW 72ND AVE, STE 250, TUALATIN, OREGON 97062
(Address of principal executive offices, Zip Code)
(503) 885-9699
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: NONE
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
Common Stock, $.001 par value
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports
required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such
filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes /X/ No / /
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item
405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the
best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements
incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this
Form 10-K. / /
The aggregate market value of voting stock held by non-affiliates of the
Registrant as of March 17, 2000, based on the closing sales price of the
Company's Common Stock, as reported on The Nasdaq Stock Market, was
approximately $647.8 million.
As of March 17, 2000, Registrant had 12,764,145 shares of Common Stock
issued and outstanding.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I
Item 1. Business.................................................... 2
Item 2. Properties.................................................. 14
Item 3. Legal Proceedings........................................... 15
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders......... 15
PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity and Related
Stockholder Matters......................................... 16
Item 6. Selected Financial Data..................................... 17
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition
and Results of Operations................................... 18
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market
Risk........................................................ 25
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data................. 25
Item 9. Changes in and disagreements with Accountants on Accounting
and Financial Disclosure.................................... 26
PART III
Item 10. Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant.......... 26
Item 11. Executive Compensation...................................... 26
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and
Management.................................................. 26
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions.............. 26
PART IV
Item 14. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules, and Reports on Form
8-K......................................................... 27
1
PART I
THIS ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K CONTAINS FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS WITHIN
THE MEANING OF SECTION 27A OF THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 AND SECTION 21E OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934. THESE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS ARE SUBJECT TO
CERTAIN RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES THAT COULD CAUSE ACTUAL RESULTS TO DIFFER
MATERIALLY FROM HISTORICAL RESULTS OR ANTICIPATED RESULTS, INCLUDING THOSE SET
FORTH UNDER "RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESS" AND "RISKS RELATED TO OUR INDUSTRY"
UNDER "BUSINESS" AND ELSEWHERE IN, OR INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE INTO, THIS
ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K.
ITEM 1: BUSINESS
OVERVIEW
Digimarc is a leading provider of patented digital watermarking technologies
that allow imperceptible digital code to be embedded in the printed or digital
versions of media content, such as commercial and consumer photographs, movies,
music, magazine advertisements, catalogs, product packages and valuable
documents like financial instruments, passports and event tickets. In addition
to a code that can be embedded within various types of media content, our
technologies include reader software that, as a resident application on PCs and
other devices, enables the recognition of embedded codes. We believe our
technologies have many potential applications. We are developing products and
services to address what we believe are our two largest near-term market
opportunities--the deterrence of digital counterfeiting and piracy, and the
enhancement of Internet access and navigation. In addition, we continue to
pursue commercial applications in audio and video digital watermarking.
Since the introduction of our first product in 1996, we have built a broad
technology platform that we believe has a range of applications. Our initial
products allowed copyright owners to deter the unintentional use of professional
digital imaging tools in producing unauthorized high-quality copies of their
images. We later developed image commerce applications that allowed customers to
persistently identify their protected properties and locate these properties
across the Internet, which further discourages their unauthorized distribution
and use.
Today, our business focuses on providing media commerce solutions, including
copyright protection, and counterfeiting and piracy deterrence. We are currently
developing additional applications to address other forms of visual media such
as DVD and video, and other distribution channels such as the Internet. Our
first product to address these opportunities is the MEDIABRIDGE system, which is
being developed and is planned for release as a resident application in PC
camera software in the second half of 2000. The MEDIABRIDGE system is intended
to enable imperceptible digital code to be embedded within print media, such as
magazine advertisements and articles, direct mail, coupons, catalogs, bank cards
and business cards. When recognized by PC cameras enabled by our patented reader
technology, that code will automatically launch the user directly to the
specific Internet destination chosen by the producer of the print media. In this
way, we believe the MEDIABRIDGE system will deliver more efficient Internet
navigation and access to consumers and more effective means for print
publications to link readers directly to supplemental news and entertainment,
and targeted e-commerce points-of-sale.
PRODUCTS
Our current and planned products are grouped along three lines of business:
secure documents, copyright protection and media commerce, and MEDIABRIDGE. Each
product line consists of an embedder to place our digital watermarks into
content, and reader technology to detect, read and respond to the embedded code.
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SECURE DOCUMENTS
Our planned document security products will use digital watermarking to
authenticate original documents, detect fraudulent documents and deter
unauthorized duplication or alteration of high-value documents such as
passports, tax stamps, tickets and financial instruments like securities,
traveler's checks and currencies. We have relationships with a number of
financial institutions that are involved in the creation or protection of
high-value documents. These relationships include a development and license
agreement with a consortium of leading central banks related to anti-
counterfeiting of currencies that has accounted for more than half of our total
revenue in 1998 and substantially all of our total revenue in 1999, and is
expected to account for substantially all of our total revenue until we develop
new sources of revenue from new products like the MEDIABRIDGE system. We also
intend to pursue further development of our relationship with the consortium of
central banks to develop other sources of revenue by proposing additional
products and services to this customer over time and by offering the benefits of
the anti-counterfeiting system to, and developing new product applications for,
the issuers of other high-value documents.
COPYRIGHT PROTECTION AND MEDIA COMMERCE
Our copyright protection and media commerce products provide a range of
solutions, including copyright communication, asset management and
business-to-business media commerce solutions. Our solutions are enabled by
digital watermarking tools provided to content owners, and software modules
provided to manufacturers and software vendors for reading the embedded code and
facilitating the appropriate responses to them. Our products and services
include those listed below:
- Still Images. Copyright protection solution customers can benefit from our
solutions by using a number of applications. Image creators can use
Digimarc plug-ins that are bundled with a number of leading image editing
applications from companies such as Adobe Systems, Corel, Micrografx and
JASC Software. The Digimarc batch embedder is a stand-alone tool that
processes the embedding of digital watermarks in large collections of
digital images. The Digimarc digital watermarking software development kit
(SDK) provides a programmatic interface to digital watermark embedding,
detection and reading, designed for integration into client and server
products. Our SDK application includes real-time server-based
watermarking, where digital watermarks carrying transactional data are
added to images as they are delivered to customers. Our MARCCENTRE service
is a central repository of registered ownership information that is
accessible by a Web user who views Digimarc-enhanced proprietary content
with our patented reader technology. This service allows any user to view
the information that the content owner wishes to register in MARCCENTRE.
Our MARCSPIDER service searches the public Web for images containing our
digital watermarks and produces reports on where and when such images are
found. This service allows Web content developers, photographers, stock
photography agencies and publishers of entertainment, sports and news
images to track their works on the Web.
- Video. Using a unique approach to digital watermarking, Digimarc,
Macrovision and Philips engineers have developed prototypes of technology
that can protect program material on videocassettes, DVDs, cable or
satellite transmissions from unauthorized copying to recordable DVDs, DVHS
and multimedia personal computers. The resulting system would complement
Macrovision's widely-adopted existing video copy protection technology.
Detectors can be cost effectively deployed in hardware or software to meet
real-time play and record control requirements in a wide range of DVD
platforms.
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MEDIABRIDGE
We anticipate that our MEDIABRIDGE system will provide the ability for
printed documents to be identified by personal computers and similar devices
through digital images in the documents enhanced with our watermarks that are
generally imperceptible to users that will link the computer to a targeted Web
destination. We believe that these enhanced images and associated reader
technology will enable a variety of potential applications.
The MEDIABRIDGE system is an application we are developing based on our
patented core technology. The MEDIABRIDGE system will create new communications
capabilities for media content that promote and enhance e-commerce. The
MEDIABRIDGE system will be a fundamentally new way to access and use the
Internet by embedding imperceptible digital code in printed materials,
including, among other things, magazine advertisements, articles, covers and
subscription cards, direct mailers, packaging, debit and credit cards, greeting
cards, coupons, catalogues, tickets and business cards that can be read by
digital devices enabled by our patented reader technology. We expect to begin
marketing the MEDIABRIDGE system in the second half of 2000. The same technology
can be used to permit audio, video, images and other creative properties in
digital form to interact with the digital world.
TECHNOLOGY AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
Digimarc's watermarking technologies embed digital code in images and video
that is imperceptible during normal use but readable by computers and software.
The science of creating these imperceptible codes is known as digital
watermarking. We are a leading owner of intellectual property relating to
digital watermarks and pioneer in the commercial application of digital
watermarking. Our technologies are supported by a broad patent portfolio
covering a wide range of methods and applications for digital watermarking.
Our core technology incorporates a method for embedding code within visual
images in digital formats, such as computer files, and physical representations,
such as print or film. Our primary system embeds a message in an image by making
subtle changes to the brightness of the pixels, creating a message that can be
detected and decoded by hardware that has been enabled with our patented reader
technology. Our embedding process adjusts to the unique characteristics of the
content, placing a stronger watermark signal in areas with rich detail and a
weaker watermark signal in areas with little detail. Because the message is
carried by the image's pixels, it is file-format independent. The message can
survive most normal image edits, rotation, scaling, file-format transformations,
copying, scanning and printing.
The structure of the information in our digital watermark is modeled along
the lines of a network protocol. The watermark protocol consists of protocol
structure information, such as the type of message and protocol version, the
actual message data and error correction data. The protocol can be upgraded to
readily accommodate new message types in the future, and is designed so that
later versions of our reader software will be able to read previously created
watermarks. The message in our watermarked content can carry identifying
information, attributes and instructions. This message is typically short in
length so that it can be replicated throughout the image content many times. The
information in the message can uniquely identify the content, link to Web
destinations or databases, communicate information about the content, enable
tracking of the content or convey instructions for software or devices.
Our technologies allow messages in our watermarked images to survive through
a variety of changes to the underlying image, including scaling and rotation of
the image. The ability to be rotation independent is particularly important for
images that are acquired through digital scanners or cameras because the input
image is rarely at the exact same orientation as the original image. We achieve
rotation independence through a patented process that incorporates orientation
information into our digital watermarks, which allows our watermarks to be read
regardless of their orientation relative to
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the scanner or camera. Using this orientation information, our patented reader
technology can recover an image's embedded message after scale changes of as
much as .6x to 2x the original image size. We believe these features will be
important for communicating the embedded messages through changes from digital
to physical form and back again. We believe these features will be especially
critical for applications that include printing and scanning, or recording a
digital video to VHS and back to DVD.
To protect our significant efforts in creating these technologies, we have
implemented an extensive intellectual property protection program that relies
upon a combination of patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret laws,
nondisclosure agreements and other contractual provisions. We have adopted an
aggressive patent strategy. We believe that we have established one of the
world's most extensive patent portfolios in the field of digital watermarking,
holding 16 U.S. issued patents, with at least 103 U.S. patent applications
currently on file, of which two have received a notice of allowance, and at
least 19 foreign patent applications pending, including Patent Cooperation
Treaty applications. We also believe, based on published patents, that we hold
some of the earliest invention dates on issued patents in the field of digital
watermarking and that some of these early patents may be of significant value to
our competitive position. We also own registered trademarks in both the U.S. and
other countries and have applied for other trademarks and have licensed rights
to other technologies. We seek to protect new product applications through both
existing patents and filings for new patents.
Although we devote significant resources to developing and protecting our
technologies, and periodically evaluate potential competitors of our
technologies for infringement of our intellectual property rights, these
infringements may nonetheless go undetected or may arise in the future. We
expect that infringement claims may increase as companies become more concerned
with protecting their content from electronic copying.
COMPETITION
The markets in which we compete are emerging, highly competitive, fragmented
and characterized by rapidly changing technology and evolving standards. We face
competition in the overall digital watermarking market as well as in each of the
market segments where our products and services compete. We believe that the
principal competitive factors in the markets for our products are functionality,
interoperability with major hardware and software platforms, and the costs, time
to implementation and support services associated with the installation of new
products and services. We have experienced and expect to continue to experience
increased competition from enterprises in high-technology industries that are
developing watermarking capabilities of their own, many of whom have
significantly greater financial, technical and marketing resources than we have.
Digimarc's major competition comes from the internal development efforts at
high-technology companies. Internal technology departments have staffed projects
to build their own watermarking systems utilizing a variety of tools. In some
cases, these internal-development projects have been successful in satisfying
the needs of an organization. The competitive factors in this area require that
we generate a product that conforms to the customer's technology standards,
scales to meet the needs of large enterprises, operates globally and costs less
than the results of an internal development effort.
Our video copy prevention and play control solution for DVD faces intense
competition. Our consortium, comprised of Digimarc, Macrovision and Philips, has
competed with a larger consortium comprised of IBM, NEC, Sony, Hitachi and
Pioneer.
Most competition in the secure documents market comes from traditional
security features, such as holograms, security threads, special inks, and
laminates which compete for the portion of the production budget reserved for
security features, and machine-readable features, such as Scrambled Indicia, two
dimensional barcodes, Glyphs from Xerox and data-carrying magnetic stripes.
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Our Internet-based technology faces competition from companies that provide
Internet portals, and search and directory services. For example, we compete
with search engines, including Excite@Home, Inktomi and AltaVista, for the
traffic generated by Internet users seeking links to third-party content to
address their online information needs. We also compete with directory services,
such as Yahoo! and LookSmart, because they provide alternative ways for users to
obtain the desired information.
Our current and potential competitors, irrespective of the technology they
use or intend to use, may have well-established relationships with current and
potential customers of ours, extensive knowledge of the markets targeted by us,
better name recognition than us and more extensive financial, development, sales
and marketing resources than us. Therefore, our competitors' products may
achieve greater market acceptance than those offered by us. The development and
marketing of competing software may reduce the marketability of our products and
therefore may harm our business, operating results and financial condition.
Our business is characterized by extensive research efforts and rapid
technological progress. To remain competitive, we will be required to expand and
enhance the functionality of our watermarking software and reader technologies.
Company sponsored research and development expenditures for 1999, 1998, and 1997
were $936,000, $658,000, and $934,000, respectively. New developments are
expected to continue, and there can be no assurance that discoveries by others,
including current and potential competitors and internal development efforts,
will not render our services and products noncompetitive. Because of rapid
technological change, we may be required to expend greater amounts in the
development of each new product than currently anticipated, which in turn will
require greater revenue to recoup such expenditures.
EMPLOYEES
As of December 31, 1999, we had 76 full-time employees, including 27 in
sales, marketing and technical support, 34 in research, development and
engineering, and 15 in finance, administration, legal and corporate
communications. Our future success will depend, in part, on our ability to
continue to attract, retain and motivate highly qualified technical and
management personnel, for whom competition is intense. Our employees are not
covered by any collective bargaining agreement, and we have never experienced a
work stoppage. We believe that our relations with our employees are good.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESS
WE HAVE A LIMITED OPERATING HISTORY AND ARE SUBJECT TO THE RISKS ENCOUNTERED BY
EARLY-STAGE COMPANIES
We incorporated in January 1995. Accordingly, we have a limited operating
history, and our business and prospects must be considered in light of the risks
and uncertainties to which early-stage companies in new and rapidly evolving
markets, such as digital watermarking, are exposed. These risks include the
following:
- our developing revenue models and anticipated products and services may be
unable to attract or retain customers;
- the intense competition and rapid technological change in our industry
could adversely affect the market's acceptance of our products and
services;
- we may be unable to build and maintain our brand;
- we may be unable to develop and maintain the strategic relationships upon
which we currently rely for our revenue; and
- our quarterly operating results may fluctuate significantly.
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We cannot assure you that our business strategy will be successful or that
we will successfully address these risks and the risks described below.
WE HAVE A HISTORY OF LOSSES AND EXPECT FUTURE LOSSES; WE CANNOT ASSURE YOU THAT
WE WILL ACHIEVE PROFITABILITY
We have incurred significant net losses since inception and we expect to
continue to incur losses for the foreseeable future in light of our planned
operating expenditures. We incurred net losses of $2.4 million in 1999, $3.4
million in 1998, $4.0 million in 1997, $1.6 million in 1996 and $874,000 in
1995. We have not been profitable and cannot assure you that we will realize
sufficient revenue to achieve profitability. Our accumulated deficit as of
December 31, 1999 was approximately $12.4 million. In order to achieve
profitability, we will need to generate significantly higher revenue than we
have in prior years. Even if we ultimately achieve profitability, we may not be
able to sustain or increase our profitability. We anticipate that we will
increase our research and development, sales and marketing, product development
and general and administrative expenses for the foreseeable future. If our
revenue grows more slowly than we anticipate, or if our operating expenses
exceed our expectations, our operating results will be harmed and we may not be
profitable.
MOST OF OUR SIGNIFICANT REVENUE MODELS ARE UNDER DEVELOPMENT, AND THE
CORRESPONDING ANTICIPATED PRODUCTS AND SERVICES MAY FAIL TO ATTRACT OR RETAIN
CUSTOMERS
Our business involves embedding digital watermarks in traditional and
digital media, including secure documents, images on the Internet and video
merchandise. Our current applications include media commerce and counterfeiting
and piracy deterrence. To date, our revenue stream has been based primarily on a
combination of development, consulting, subscription and license fees from
copyright communication, and in recent periods, from secure document
applications. In the future, we anticipate that an increasing share of our
revenue will be from sales of our MEDIABRIDGE system, which is planned for
release in the second half of 2000, and sales of other applications of our
digital watermarking technologies. We have not fully developed a revenue model
for the MEDIABRIDGE system, or for our other future applications. In addition,
because we have not yet sold these products in the marketplace and because these
products will be sold in new and undeveloped markets, we cannot be certain that
the pricing structure and product marketing that we are currently developing for
these new products will be accepted. We must complete the development of the
MEDIABRIDGE system and obtain revenue from its commercial launch in order to
meet our revenue objectives. If we do not successfully develop, market and
support the MEDIABRIDGE system, it is likely that our future revenue will fall
below our targeted objectives. Any shortfall in revenue from the MEDIABRIDGE
system or our other future applications could reduce the trading price of our
common stock. We believe that it is too early to determine whether revenue from
these applications will meet our objectives, and whether the revenue models that
we are currently developing and may develop in the future will be successful or
require changes after adoption. We cannot assure you that our anticipated
products and services will be able to compete effectively against other
alternative technologies in our target markets or that we will be able to
compete effectively against current or future digital watermark companies in
terms of price, performance, applications or other features of their
technologies. In addition, as we develop models for generating revenue, they may
not be sustainable over time, and as a result, our business, operating results
and financial condition may seriously be harmed.
BECAUSE WE CURRENTLY RECEIVE 89% OF OUR REVENUE FROM A SINGLE CUSTOMER, THE LOSS
OF THIS CUSTOMER WOULD SERIOUSLY HARM OUR BUSINESS, OPERATING RESULTS AND
FINANCIAL CONDITION
We have derived a substantial portion of our revenue from a consortium of
leading central banks with whom we have a development and license agreement
related to banknote counterfeit deterrence. Revenue from products and services
provided to this significant customer accounted for 89% of our total revenue in
1999 and 51% of our total revenue in 1998. We anticipate that this relationship
will
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account for most of our revenue until we are able to generate additional revenue
from the introduction of other new products and services that we are developing,
including the MEDIABRIDGE system. The customer has a discretionary right of
early termination with respect to the agreement. Unless the customer exercises
this right, we expect revenue under the agreement to continue at or above
current levels for the next two years.
Under the terms of our agreement with this customer, we are obliged to keep
the identity of the participating banks, design of the system and timetable for
deployment confidential. Any change in our relationship with this customer,
including any actual or alleged breach of the contract by either party or the
early termination of, or any other material change in, the agreement would
seriously harm our business, operating results and financial condition.
OUR FUTURE GROWTH WILL DEPEND ON THE SUCCESSFUL IMPLEMENTATION OF OUR PRODUCT
SOLUTIONS BY THIRD-PARTY PARTNERS
The MEDIABRIDGE system and other applications and services which we plan on
providing in the future will rely on the successful implementation of our
product solutions, including our reader technology, by third-party software
developers and original equipment manufacturers. We anticipate maintaining and
entering into agreements with major third-party vendors to create and promote
products that incorporate, embed, integrate or bundle our technologies. If we
fail to obtain partners that will incorporate, embed, integrate or bundle our
technologies or these partners are unsuccessful in their efforts, our business,
operating results and financial condition could be seriously harmed. In
addition, if our technologies do not perform according to market expectations,
our business will be seriously harmed.
OUR FUTURE QUARTERLY OPERATING RESULTS MAY NOT MEET ANALYSTS' EXPECTATIONS AND
MAY FLUCTUATE SIGNIFICANTLY IN THE FUTURE, WHICH COULD ADVERSELY AFFECT OUR
STOCK PRICE
Our quarterly operating results have fluctuated significantly in the past,
and we expect that our quarterly operating results will fluctuate significantly
in the future. Our operating results are difficult to forecast because of our
limited operating history. Accordingly, you should not rely on quarter-to-
quarter comparisons of our historical results as an indication of future
performance or any trend in our performance. If our quarterly operating results
do not meet the expectations of analysts or investors, the market price of our
common stock will likely decline.
Our quarterly results may fluctuate in the future as a result of many
factors, some of which are outside our control, including:
- the timing, introduction and successful commercialization of our new
products and services, including the MEDIABRIDGE system;
- the timing and success of our brand-building and marketing campaigns;
- the loss of or reduction in revenue from the customer that currently
accounts for 89% of our total revenue or any other significant customer;
- the market's acceptance of our products and services, including the
MEDIABRIDGE system;
- our ability to establish and maintain strategic relationships;
- the potential costs of litigation and intellectual property protection;
- the operating costs and capital expenditures related to the expansion of
our business operations and infrastructure, domestically and
internationally, including the hiring of key personnel and new employees;
- the introduction of similar or substitute technologies by our competitors;
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- the timing of future licensing revenue; and
- the marketing arrangements that we enter into during early market
development.
In addition, because the markets for our products and services are new and
rapidly evolving, it is difficult for us to predict our future financial
results. Our research and development, sales and marketing efforts and business
expenditures are based in part on our expectations regarding developments in
counterfeiting and piracy, and our estimates as to the use of digital
watermarking as a solution to those problems. To the extent that these
predictions prove inaccurate, our revenue and operating results will fluctuate
from our anticipated results.
THE MARKETS FOR DIGITAL WATERMARK APPLICATIONS ARE NEW AND DEVELOPING
Digital watermarking is a new and developing technology. Our success depends
on the acceptance of this technology and the adoption of applications in areas
such as digital media commerce, counterfeiting and piracy deterrence and
self-authentication of documents. The markets for products and services using
digital watermarks are rapidly evolving and are characterized by an increasing
number of market entrants who have introduced or developed products and services
using digital watermarking or alternative technologies. As is typical in a new
and rapidly evolving industry, demand and market acceptance of recently
introduced products and services are subject to a high level of uncertainty. Our
products and services are currently used by only a limited number of customers.
It is difficult to predict the future growth rate, if any, and ultimate size of
these markets or our anticipated future markets. We cannot assure you that
markets for our products and services will develop.
WE MAY NOT BE ABLE TO ADEQUATELY PROTECT OUR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, AND WE MAY
BE SUBJECT TO INFRINGEMENT CLAIMS
Our success depends on our proprietary technologies. We rely on a
combination of patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret rights,
confidentiality procedures and licensing arrangements to establish and protect
our proprietary rights. Recently, we have offered to license some of our
technologies to parties involved with the Secure Digital Music Initiative under
its directives. We face risks associated with our patent position, including the
potential need to engage in significant legal proceedings to enforce our
patents, the possibility that the validity or enforceability of our patents may
be denied, the possibility that third parties will be able to compete against us
without infringing our patents and the possibility that our products may
infringe patent rights of third parties. If we fail to protect our intellectual
property rights and proprietary technologies adequately, if there are changes in
applicable laws that are adverse to our interests, or if we become involved in
litigation relating to our intellectual property rights and proprietary
technologies or relating to the intellectual property rights of others, our
business could be harmed.
As part of our confidentiality procedures, we generally enter into
non-disclosure agreements with our employees, consultants and corporate
partners, and attempt to control access to and distribution of our technologies,
documentation and other proprietary information. Despite these procedures, third
parties could copy or otherwise obtain and make unauthorized use of our
technologies or independently develop similar technologies. The steps that we
have taken to prevent misappropriation of our solutions or technologies may not
prevent their misappropriation, particularly in foreign countries where laws or
law enforcement practices may not protect our proprietary rights as fully as in
the United States.
Effective protection of intellectual property rights may be unavailable or
limited, both in the United States and in foreign countries. Patent protection
throughout the world is generally established on a country-by-country basis. We
have applied for patent protection both inside the United States and in various
countries outside the United States. However, we cannot assure you that pending
patents will issue or that issued patents will be valid or enforceable. We
cannot assure you that the protection of
9
our proprietary rights will be adequate or that our competitors will not
independently develop similar technologies, duplicate our services or design
around any patents or other intellectual property rights we hold.
We license some rights management technology from a third party, and may
need the assistance of this third party to enforce our rights to this
technology. Although we do not currently rely on this technology for our core
products, we may in the future. The cooperation of any third party in
enforcement of patent rights we may license cannot be assured.
We have registered "DIGIMARC" and "MARCSPIDER" as trademarks in the United
States and other countries, and are pursuing registration of the "DIGIMARC"
trademark in additional countries. We also have trademark rights with respect to
"MEDIABRIDGE" and "MARCCENTRE" and are pursuing registration of these marks in
the United States and other countries. However, our tradenames or trademarks may
be registered by third parties in other countries, impairing our ability to
enter and compete in these markets. In the United States, the trademarks
"Digimark" and "Mediabridge" and the domain names "Digimark.com" and
"Mediabridge.com" have been registered by unrelated companies. While we have
successfully co-existed with these other companies, we cannot assure you that
this state of affairs will continue. If we were forced to change our name or
were prevented from using our other brand names, including MEDIABRIDGE, we would
lose a significant amount of our brand equity, and our business would suffer.
As more companies enter the digital watermark marketplace and develop
intellectual property rights, it is increasingly likely that claims may arise
which assert that some of our products or services infringe upon other parties'
intellectual property rights. These claims could subject us to costly
litigation, divert management resources and result in the invalidation of our
intellectual property rights. These claims may require us to pay significant
damages, cease production of infringing products, terminate our use of
infringing technologies or develop non-infringing technologies. In these
circumstances, continued use of our technologies may require that we acquire
licenses to the intellectual property that is the subject of the alleged
infringement, and we might not be able to obtain these licenses on commercially
reasonable terms or at all. Our use of protected technologies may result in
liability that threatens our continuing operation.
THE SECURITY SYSTEMS THAT WE USE IN OUR PROPRIETARY TECHNOLOGIES MAY BE
CIRCUMVENTED BY THIRD PARTIES, WHICH COULD DAMAGE OUR REPUTATION AND DISRUPT OUR
BUSINESS
Our products and services involve the embedding of digital code in media
content that is imperceptible in normal use but that can be read by
digitally-enabled devices. The success of our products and services depends on
the security of our media commerce, anti-counterfeiting and piracy systems and
self-authentication solutions. Security breaches of these systems and solutions
could damage our reputation and expose us to a risk of loss or litigation and
possible liability. The security measures that we use in our products and
services may not prevent security breaches, and failure to prevent these
security breaches may disrupt our business. A party who is able to circumvent
our security measures could misappropriate proprietary information or cause
interruptions or otherwise damage our products and services and the properties
of our customers. If unintended parties obtain sensitive data and information,
or create bugs or viruses in an attempt to sabotage the functionality of our
products and services, we may receive negative publicity, incur liability to our
customers or lose the confidence of our customers, any of which may cause the
termination or modification of our contracts.
We may be required to expend significant capital and other resources to
protect ourselves against the threat of security breaches or to alleviate
problems caused by these breaches. However, protection may not be available at a
reasonable price or at all.
10
OUR PRODUCTS COULD HAVE UNKNOWN DEFECTS
Products as complex as those we offer or develop frequently contain
undetected defects or errors. Despite testing, defects or errors may occur in
existing or new products, which could result in loss of revenue or market share,
failure to achieve market acceptance, diversion of development resources, injury
to our reputation, increased insurance costs and increased service and warranty
costs, any of which could materially harm our business. Furthermore, we often
provide implementation, customization, consulting and other technical services
in connection with the implementation and ongoing maintenance of our products.
The performance of these products typically involves working with sophisticated
software, computing and communications systems. Our inability to meet customer
expectations or project milestones in a timely manner could also result in a
loss of, or delay in, revenue, loss of market share, failure to achieve market
acceptance, injury to our reputation and increased costs.
Because customers rely on our products for critical security applications,
defects or errors in our products might discourage customers from purchasing our
products. These defects or errors could also result in product liability or
warranty claims. Although we attempt to reduce the risk of losses resulting from
these claims through warranty disclaimers and liability limitation clauses in
our sales agreements, these contractual provisions may not be enforceable in
every instance. Furthermore, although we maintain errors and omissions
insurance, this insurance coverage may not adequately cover these claims. If a
court refused to enforce the liability-limiting provisions of our contracts for
any reason, or if liabilities arose that were not contractually limited or
adequately covered by insurance, our business could be materially harmed.
WE MAY ENCOUNTER DIFFICULTIES MANAGING OUR PLANNED GROWTH AND EXPANSION THAT MAY
HARM OUR BUSINESS
As of December 31, 1999 we had 76 employees. In addition, we expect that we
need to hire a total of approximately 112 additional employees in all areas in
2000. To manage this expected growth, our management must continue to improve
our operational and financial systems and expand, train, retain and manage our
growing employee base. In addition, any additional growth of our product lines
or business will place an even more significant strain on our managerial and
financial resources. If we cannot manage our growth effectively, we may not be
able to coordinate the activities of our technical, accounting and marketing
staffs, and our business could be harmed.
WE MAY ACQUIRE OTHER BUSINESSES OR TECHNOLOGIES; IF WE DO, WE MAY BE UNABLE TO
INTEGRATE THEM WITH OUR OWN BUSINESS, OR WE MAY IMPAIR OUR FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE
While from time to time we have discussions with third parties about
potential acquisitions, we do not currently have any understandings, commitments
or agreements with respect to any acquisition. If appropriate opportunities
present themselves, we may attempt to acquire other businesses or technologies.
We may not be able to identify, negotiate or finance any future acquisition
successfully. Even if we do succeed in acquiring a business, technology, service
or product, we have limited experience in integrating an acquisition into our
business. The process of integration may produce operating difficulties and
expenditures and may require significant attention of our management that
otherwise would be available for the ongoing development of our business.
Moreover, if we make acquisitions, we may issue shares of stock that dilute our
stockholders, incur debt, assume contingent liabilities or create additional
expenses related to amortizing goodwill and other intangible assets, any of
which might negatively affect our financial results and cause our stock price to
decline. Any financing that we might need for future acquisitions may also place
restrictions on our business. We may never achieve any of the benefits that we
might anticipate from a future acquisition.
11
WE DEPEND ON OUR KEY EMPLOYEES FOR OUR FUTURE SUCCESS
Our success depends to a significant extent on the performance and continued
service of our senior management. None of our senior management has an
employment agreement. Although our employees have executed agreements containing
non-competition clauses, there is no assurance that a court would enforce all of
the terms of these clauses or the clauses generally. If these clauses were not
fully enforced, our employees would be freely able to join our competitors. In
addition, we currently have key person life insurance only on Bruce Davis, our
president and chief executive officer, and Geoffrey Rhoads, our chief technology
officer. The loss of the services of any of our senior management or any of our
other key employees could harm our business.
IF WE ARE NOT ABLE TO HIRE, INTEGRATE OR RETAIN QUALIFIED PERSONNEL, OUR
BUSINESS MAY BE HARMED
The recent growth in our business has resulted in an increase in the
responsibilities for both existing and new management personnel. Many of our
personnel are presently serving in more than one capacity. In addition, we
expect that we will need to hire a total of approximately 112 additional
employees in all areas in 2000, including general managers for new operations in
key market segments. Competition for experienced personnel in our market
segments is intense. We may not be able to retain our current key employees or
attract, integrate or retain other qualified personnel in the future. If we do
not succeed in attracting new personnel or in integrating, retaining and
motivating our current personnel, our business could be harmed. In addition,
because our business is based on our patented technology, which is unique and
not generally known, new employees will require substantial training, which will
require substantial resources and management attention.
OUR PROMOTION OF THE DIGIMARC BRAND MUST BE SUCCESSFUL IN ORDER FOR US TO
ATTRACT USERS AS WELL AS ADVERTISERS AND OTHER STRATEGIC PARTNERS
We believe that establishing and maintaining our brand is critical to our
success and that the importance of brand recognition will increase due to the
growing number of technologies that compete with our watermarking technologies
and the increasing number of competitors offering technologies similar to ours.
We intend to increase our marketing and branding expenditures in our effort to
increase awareness of our brand. If our brand-building strategy is unsuccessful,
these expenses may never be recovered, we may be unable to increase our future
revenue and our business could be materially harmed.
FUTURE SALES OF OUR COMMON STOCK COULD CAUSE OUR STOCK PRICE TO DECLINE
Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock could adversely
affect the market price of our common stock and could impair our ability to
raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. A substantial
majority of our shares of common stock currently outstanding are considered
restricted securities under the federal securities laws. Many of our
stockholders and option holders signed lock-up agreements in connection with our
initial public offering that limit their ability to sell their shares of our
common stock. Subject to limited exceptions, these securityholders cannot sell
or otherwise dispose of any shares of our common stock until May 29, 2000
without the prior written approval of FleetBoston Robertson Stephens Inc. On
that date, unless these shareholders enter into another agreement to limit the
sales of those shares, these shares and the shares underlying the options held
by these people will become eligible for sale, in some cases only in accordance
with the volume, manner of sale and notice requirements of the federal
securities laws. The sale of these shares could adversely affect the market
price of our common stock and could impair our ability to raise capital through
the sale of additional equity securities.
12
ANTI-TAKEOVER PROVISIONS IN OUR CHARTER DOCUMENTS COULD PREVENT OR DELAY
TRANSACTIONS THAT COULD BE PROFITABLE FOR OUR STOCKHOLDERS FROM OCCURRING
The anti-takover provisions of Delaware law and our certificate of
incorporation and bylaws may make a change of control of us more difficult, even
if a change of control would be beneficial to our stockholders. These provisions
may allow our board of directors to prevent changes in management and control of
us. Under Delaware law, our board may adopt additional anti-takeover measures in
the future.
We have the following anti-takeover provisions in our charter documents:
- our board of directors is divided into three classes of directors, with a
separate class of directors being elected at each successive annual
meeting for a term of three years;
- special meetings of the stockholders may be called only by our president,
our secretary or at the discretion of our board of directors;
- vacancies on our board of directors may be filled by a majority of
directors in office, and not by the stockholders; and
- our board of directors may issue preferred stock and determine the price,
rights, preferences and privileges of those shares without any vote or
further action by the stockholders.
These provisions could have the effect of discouraging a third party from
making a tender offer or otherwise attempting to gain control of us. In
addition, these provisions could limit the price that investors might be willing
to pay in the future for shares of our common stock.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR INDUSTRY
IF WE ARE UNABLE TO RESPOND TO REGULATORY OR INDUSTRY STANDARDS EFFECTIVELY, OUR
BUSINESS COULD BE HARMED
Our future success will depend in part on our ability to enhance and improve
the responsiveness, functionality and features of our products and services in
accordance with newly-imposed regulatory or industry standards. Our ability to
remain competitive will depend in part on our ability to influence and respond
to emerging industry standards, including any standards that may be adopted for
the protection of audio content, digital photography or video on DVD, in a
timely and cost-effective manner. For instance, our video copy prevention
solution is competing with another solution to become the industry standard for
DVD copy protection. In addition, the MEDIABRIDGE system competes against
companies that provide Internet portals, and other Internet companies that
provide search and directory services. If we are unable to influence or respond
to these standards effectively, our business could be harmed.
IF WE ARE UNABLE TO INTEGRATE NEW TECHNOLOGIES EFFECTIVELY, OUR BUSINESS COULD
BE HARMED
Our target markets are characterized by new and evolving technologies. The
success of our business will depend on our ability to address the increasingly
sophisticated technological needs of our customers in a timely and
cost-effective manner. Our ability to remain competitive will depend in part on
our ability to:
- enhance and improve the responsiveness, functionality and other features
of the products and services we offer or plan to offer;
- continue to develop our technical expertise; and
- develop and introduce new services, applications and technologies to meet
changing customer needs and preferences and to integrate new technologies.
13
We cannot assure you that we will be successful in responding to these
technological and industry challenges in a timely and cost-effective manner. If
we are unable to integrate new technologies effectively or respond to these
changing needs, our business could be harmed.
OUR MARKETS ARE HIGHLY COMPETITIVE
The markets for digital watermarking applications are new, intensely
competitive and rapidly evolving. We expect competition to continue to increase
from both existing competitors and new market entrants. We face competition from
other companies using digital watermarking technologies and from alternative
technologies. As we expand the applications for our digital watermarking
technologies, we will experience more competition from products and services
that are substitutes for our digital watermarking applications. Because our
business model is new and emerging, we may face competition from unexpected
sources. Alternative technologies that may directly or indirectly compete with
certain applications of our watermarking technologies include:
- encryption--securing data during distribution using a secret code so it
cannot be accessed except by authorized users;
- containers--inserting a media object in a wrapper, which prevents the
media object from being duplicated;
- dataglyphs--a visible modification of the characteristics of an image that
is machine-readable;
- scrambled indicia--optical refraction-based data-hiding technique that is
inserted into an image and can be read with a glass;
- traditional anti-counterfeiting technologies--a number of solutions used
currently by many governments that compete for budgetary outlays designed
to deter counterfeiting, including optically sensitive ink, magnetic
threads and other materials used in the printing of currencies;
- radio frequency tags--embedding a chip that emits a signal when in close
proximity with a receiver, which is being used in photo identification,
labels and tags;
- Internet technologies--numerous existing and potential Internet access and
search methods will be potentially competitive with the MEDIABRIDGE
system; and
- bar codes--visible data-carrying code.
In addition, as we apply our technologies to the Internet through the
anticipated introduction of the MEDIABRIDGE system, we may begin to compete with
a wide range of other companies. Many of the companies that currently compete
with us, as well as other companies with whom we may compete in the future, are
national or international in scope and may have greater resources than we do.
These resources could enable these companies to initiate severe price cuts or
take other measures in an effort to gain market share in our target markets. We
cannot assure you that digital watermarking technologies, and our products and
services using these technologies, will gain widespread market acceptance.
We cannot assure you that we will be able to compete successfully against
current or future participants in our markets or against alternative
technologies, nor can we assure you that the competitive pressures we face will
not harm our business, operating results and financial condition.
ITEM 2: PROPERTIES
Our principal administrative, sales, marketing, support, research,
development and engineering facility is currently located in Tualatin, Oregon,
under a lease that expires in December 2004. This facility occupies a total of
approximately 25,550 square feet. We also lease space for sales, marketing and
technical support operations in Tulsa, Oklahoma under a lease that expires in
January 2005. This
14
facility occupies a total of approximately 11,750 square feet. We will likely
require additional space before the end of 2000, but believe that securing
additional suitable space to accommodate our growth will not be difficult.
ITEM 3: LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We may from time to time become a party to various legal proceedings arising
in the ordinary course of our business. However, we are not currently subject to
any material legal proceedings.
ITEM 4: SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
On November 22, 1999 we submitted two proposals to a vote of our security
holders at a Special Meeting of Shareholders. The first proposal was a
resolution to reincorporate in Delaware by entering into an agreement to merge
into Digimarc-Delaware, Inc., a Delaware corporation wholly owned by us. This
resolution passed with the required majority of shareholders casting "Yes"
votes. The second proposal was a resolution to amend and restate our Certificate
of Incorporation following completion of the merger and the initial public
offering and conversion of all outstanding shares of our Series A, Series B,
Series C, Series D and Series D-X preferred stock into common stock. This
resolution passed with the required majority of shareholders casting "Yes"
votes.
15
PART II
ITEM 5: MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
Our common stock commenced trading on the Nasdaq National Market on
December 2, 1999 under the symbol "DMRC." The following table lists the high and
low closing sales prices of our Common Stock for the periods indicated.
HIGH LOW
-------- --------
FISCAL YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1999
Fourth quarter(1)........................................... $63.63 $42.50
- ------------------------
(1) Our common stock commenced trading on the Nasdaq National Market on
December 2, 1999 under the symbol "DMRC." The table indicates the range of
the high and low closing prices, as reported by Nasdaq.
At December 31, 1999, there were approximately 126 stockholders of record of
our common stock, as shown in the records of our transfer agent.
We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our capital stock and we do
not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. We currently
intend to retain future earnings for the development of our business.
In December, 1999, we completed an initial public offering of our common
stock, $0.001 par value ("the Offering"). The managing underwriters in the
Offering were BancBoston Robertson Stephens, Hambrecht & Quist LLC and Piper
Jaffray (the "Underwriters"). We registered 4,600,000 shares of common stock
under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, on a Registration Statement on
Form S-1 (No.333-87501) (the "Registration Statement") which was declared
effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 1, 1999.
We commenced the Offering on December 2, 1999 and terminated it on
December 14, 1999 after 4,600,000 shares (including 600,000 shares sold pursuant
to the exercise of the underwriters' over-allotment option) had been sold. The
initial public offering price was $20.00 per share and thus our gross proceeds
were $92.0 million.
We paid an aggregate of $6.4 million in underwriting discounts and
commissions and $1.8 million in other expenses. None of these amounts were paid
directly or indirectly to any of our directors, officers or general partners or
their associates, persons owning 10% or more of any class of our equity
securities or any of our affiliates. After deducting the underwriting discounts
and commissions and other offering expenses, our net proceeds from the Offering
were approximately $83.8 million. As of December 31, 1999, these proceeds were
invested in interest-bearing, investment grade securities.
16
ITEM 6: SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
PERIOD FROM
JANUARY 3, 1995
(INCEPTION)
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, THROUGH
--------------------------------------------- DECEMBER 31,
1999 1998 1997 1996 1995
--------- --------- --------- --------- ---------------
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS DATA
Revenues:
Secure documents....................... $ 6,727 $ 500 $ 25 $ -- $ --
Media commerce......................... 202 484 161 236 --
--------- --------- --------- --------- -------
Total revenue........................ 6,929 984 186 236
Cost of Revenue
Secure documents....................... 3,529 1,466 -- -- --
Media commerce......................... 97 114 126 7 --
--------- --------- --------- --------- -------
Total cost of revenue................ 3,626 1,580 126 7 --
Gross margin........................... 3,303 (596) 60 229 --
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing.................... 1,883 825 1,330 376 36
Research, development and
engineering.......................... 936 658 934 690 327
General and administrative............. 2,739 1,407 1,282 834 477
Impairment charge...................... -- -- 453 -- --
Stock-based compensation............... 527 -- -- -- --
--------- --------- --------- --------- -------
Total operating expenses............. 6,085 2,890 3,999 1,900 840
--------- --------- --------- --------- -------
Operating loss....................... (2,782) (3,486) (3,939) (1,671) (840)
Other income (expense)................... 393 44 (40) 93 (34)
--------- --------- --------- --------- -------
Net loss............................. $ (2,389) $ (3,442) $ (3,979) $ (1,578) $ (874)
========= ========= ========= ========= =======
Net loss per share--basic and diluted.... $ (0.78) $ (1.50) $ (1.88) $ (0.71) $ (1.01)
========= ========= ========= ========= =======
Weighted average shares outstanding used in
computing net loss per share--basic and
diluted.................................. 3,052,671 2,288,442 2,120,477 2,226,519 869,478
DECEMBER 31,
----------------------------------------------------
1999 1998 1997 1996 1995
-------- -------- -------- -------- --------
(IN THOUSANDS)
BALANCE SHEET DATA:
Cash and cash equivalents...................... $90,830 $ 2,137 $ 5,638 $ 3,113 $ 46
Working capital................................ 89,900 1,196 4,631 2,782 (244)
Total assets................................... 94,903 2,978 6,168 3,376 63
Long-term obligations, net of current
portion...................................... 119 469 395 396 438
Convertible redeemable preferred stock......... -- 10,185 10,185 4,441 --
Total stockholders' equity (deficit)........... 90,795 (9,095) (5,680) (1,885) (690)
17
ITEM 7: MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS
OF OPERATIONS
THE FOLLOWING MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS CONTAINS FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS RELATING TO FUTURE
EVENTS OR THE FUTURE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF DIGIMARC, WHICH INVOLVE RISKS AND
UNCERTAINTIES. OUR ACTUAL RESULTS COULD DIFFER MATERIALLY FROM THOSE ANTICIPATED
IN THESE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS AS A RESULT OF CERTAIN FACTORS, INCLUDING
THOSE SET FORTH UNDER "BUSINESS" AND ELSEWHERE IN THIS ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM
10-K. THIS DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS SHOULD BE READ IN CONJUNCTION WITH OUR
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND RELATED NOTES INCLUDED HEREIN.
OVERVIEW
Digimarc is a leading provider of patented digital watermarking technologies
that allow imperceptible digital code to be embedded in the printed or digital
versions of media content, such as commercial and consumer photographs, movies,
music, magazine advertisements, catalogs, product packages and valuable
documents like financial instruments, passports and event tickets. In addition
to a code that can be embedded within various types of media content, our
technologies include reader software that, as a resident application on PCs and
other devices, enables the recognition of embedded codes. We believe our
technologies have many potential applications. We are developing products and
services to address what we believe are our two largest near-term market
opportunities--the deterrence of digital counterfeiting and piracy, and the
enhancement of Internet access and navigation. In addition, we continue to
pursue commercial applications in audio and video digital watermarking.
From our inception in January 1995 through late 1996, we devoted
substantially all of our efforts to product development, raising capital and
recruiting personnel. We first generated licensing revenue in the third quarter
of 1996 through the licensing of our software plug-ins to Adobe Systems. In the
fourth quarter of 1996, we introduced a subscription-based service for
communicating copyrights of digital images across the Internet. This product
offering was followed by the introduction in mid-1997 of MarcSpider, our service
that searches the Internet for images containing Digimarc watermarks and
produces reports on the locations of these images. In late 1997, we began
expanding the use of our digital watermarking technologies to counterfeiting and
piracy deterrence.
In 1998, we began working with a consortium of leading central banks to
develop a system to deter the use of personal computer systems in the
counterfeiting of currency. Providing services relating to the development of
this anti-counterfeiting system accounted for 89% of our total revenue in 1999
and 51% of our total revenue in 1998. This increase in the share of total
revenue resulted from our securing a contractual relationship with the
consortium. We anticipate that this development project will account for most of
our revenue until we are able to generate substantial revenue from the
introduction of new products that we are developing relating to document
security and our MEDIABRIDGE system.
In early 1999, we began to place increasing emphasis on developing the
MEDIABRIDGE system. Our efforts to develop and introduce the MEDIABRIDGE system
will require significant continuing investment. To date, we have not derived any
revenue from the MEDIABRIDGE system. We expect to begin marketing the
MEDIABRIDGE system in the second half of 2000. We currently expect to develop
new products and services, which we anticipate selling to customers through a
variety of pricing plans, including annual license fees and license fees per
document from issuers of valuable documents other than banknotes and from
magazine advertisers and publishers. Successful introduction and marketing of
the MEDIABRIDGE system, if achieved, would significantly change the mix and the
concentration of our future revenue.
To date, we have derived our revenue from licensing software products,
delivering subscription-based services and providing development and consulting
services to the consortium of central banks. We license our software products to
owners of digital images. Revenue is recognized on delivery of
18
software, assuming no significant obligations or customer acceptance rights
exist. We provide subscription services to users for tracking of their
watermarked images across the Internet. Subscriptions are paid in advance, and
revenue is recognized ratably over the term of the subscription. We also provide
development and consulting services related to the customization, integration
and installation of our technologies. This revenue is recognized as services are
performed, unless completion is subject to customer acceptance. Revenue from our
international sales has primarily been denominated in U.S. dollars. Therefore,
fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates have not had a material effect
on our business.
We intend to increase our revenue through the marketing of new digital
watermarking applications and the licensing of the MEDIABRIDGE system. We expect
to target, among other sources of revenue, publishers, advertisers and other
producers of printed materials. Our aim is to license our technologies to those
content producers so that they may embed our digital watermarks in their print
media, such as magazine advertisements or articles, direct mail coupons or
catalogs and credit or business cards. Our current and anticipated products are
intended to enable them to control reproduction and alteration of their content,
as well as to enable their print materials to provide a link to relevant Web
destinations. Revenue from our new applications may include one-time license
fees, time-based or usage-based fees, subscription fees, royalties and
revenue-sharing arrangements. We anticipate that the calculation of fees and
royalties will be based at least in part on the size of the installed base of
PCs, cameras, scanners, digital image capture and output devices, and software
carrying our patented reader technology as well as the nature of the use, and
the nature and amount of licensed content carrying our MEDIABRIDGE digital
watermarks.
We believe that developing our business will require increasing levels of
expenditures in future periods, including a significant increase in our sales
and marketing efforts for the launch of new products, including the MEDIABRIDGE
system. Accordingly, we anticipate that we will continue to invest significantly
in sales and marketing for the foreseeable future and that the dollar amount of
sales and marketing expenses is likely to increase in the future. We believe
that a significant increase in our research and development investment will be
necessary for the development of additional applications of our technologies. We
anticipate that we will continue to invest significantly in product research and
development for the foreseeable future and that research and development
expenses are likely to increase in the future. Due to the short development
period between achievement of technological feasibility and the general
availability of our software to customers, software development costs qualifying
for capitalization have been insignificant, and as a result, are expensed as
they are incurred. We also believe that our general and administrative expenses
will continue to increase as a result of the continued expansion of our
administrative staff and the expenses associated with becoming a public company,
including annual and other public-reporting costs, directors' and officers'
liability insurance, investor-relations programs and professional-service fees.
Since inception, we have invested in attracting top senior management, in
developing our products and technology and in building our sales and marketing
organizations. We have a limited operating history upon which investors may
evaluate our business and prospects. We have incurred significant losses to
date, and as of December 31, 1999, we had an accumulated deficit of
approximately $12.4 million. We intend to continue to expend significant
financial and management resources on developing additional products and
services, increasing sales and marketing activities, improving our technologies
and expanding our operations. As a result, we expect to continue to incur
additional losses and negative cash flow through 2001 and possibly beyond. Our
revenue may not increase or even continue at its current levels and we may not
achieve or maintain profitability or generate cash from operations in future
periods. Our prospects must be considered in light of the risks, expenses and
difficulties frequently encountered by companies in their early stages of
development, particularly companies deploying new technologies and applications,
such as our efforts to develop our MEDIABRIDGE system as a new means of using
the Internet.
19
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following table presents our statement of operations data for the
periods indicated as a percentage of total revenue.
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
------------------------------------
1999 1998 1997
-------- -------- --------
Revenue:
Secure documents................................. 97% 51% 13%
Media commerce................................... 3 49 87
--- ---- ------
Total revenue.................................. 100 100 100
Cost of revenue:
Secure documents................................. 51 149 --
Media commerce................................... 1 12 68
--- ---- ------
Total cost of revenue.......................... 52 161 68
--- ---- ------
Gross Margin..................................... 48 (61) 32
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing.............................. 27 84 715
Research, development, and engineering........... 13 67 502
General and administrative....................... 40 143 689
Impairment charge................................ -- -- 244
Stock-based compensation......................... 8 -- --
--- ---- ------
Total operating expenses....................... 88 294 2,150
--- ---- ------
Operating loss................................. (40) (355) (2,118)
Other income (expense)............................. 6 5 (21)
--- ---- ------
Net loss....................................... (34)% (350)% (2,139)%
=== ==== ======
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1999 AND 1998
REVENUE
Total revenue was $6.9 million and $984,000 for the years ended
December 31, 1999 and 1998, respectively. The $5.9 million or 604% increase was
primarily the result of increased service revenue which we earned through
securing a relationship with a consortium of leading central banks. One customer
(the consortium of banks) accounted for approximately 89% and 51% of our total
revenue for the years ended December 31, 1999 and 1998, respectively. The
customer has a discretionary right of early termination with respect to the
agreement. Unless the customer exercises this right, we expect revenue under the
agreement to continue at or above current levels for the next two years. We
intend to pursue further business with this customer and may be able to achieve
other sources of revenue in future periods by providing additional products and
services to them and related institutions. We currently expect to develop new
products and services, which we anticipate selling to customers through a
variety of pricing plans, including license fees and license fees per document
from issuers of valuable documents other than banknotes and from magazine
advertisers and publishers. Successful introduction and implementation of these
new products and services, including self-authenticating documents and the
MEDIABRIDGE system, if achieved, would significantly change the mix and
concentration of our future revenue.
SECURE DOCUMENTS. Secure documents revenue was $6.7 million and $500,000
for the years ended December 31, 1999 and 1998, respectively. The $6.2 million
or 1,245% increase was the direct result of
20
our securing a relationship with a consortium of leading central banks under
which we are developing a system to deter the use of personal computer systems
in the counterfeiting of currency.
MEDIA COMMERCE. Media commerce revenue was $202,000 and $484,000 for the
years ended December 31, 1999 and 1998, respectively. The decrease of $282,000
or 58% was primarily the result of an increased use of our sales, marketing and
research and development personnel to provide education, outreach and product
definition services to our anti-counterfeiting system customer (the consortium
of banks).
COST OF REVENUE
SECURE DOCUMENTS. Cost of secure documents revenue primarily includes
compensation for software developers, quality assurance personnel, product
managers and business development personnel, outside contractors and travel
costs directly attributable to certain service and development contracts. Cost
of secure documents revenue was $3.5 million and $1.5 million for the years
ended December 31, 1999 and 1998, respectively. The $2.1 million or 141%
increase was the result of an increased use of our research and development and
sales and marketing personnel to provide services to our anti-counterfeiting
customer under the development contract.
MEDIA COMMERCE. Cost of media commerce revenue includes compensation for
operations personnel, cost of outsourced customer support, Internet service
provider connectivity charges and image search data fees to support our
services. Cost of media commerce revenue was $97,000 and $114,000 for the years
ended December 31, 1999 and 1998, respectively.
OPERATING EXPENSES
SALES AND MARKETING. Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of
compensation, benefits and related costs of sales and marketing personnel,
product managers and sales engineers, as well as recruiting, travel, market
research and costs associated with marketing programs, such as trade shows,
public relations and new product launches. Sales and marketing expenses were
$1.9 million and $825,000 for the years ended December 31, 1999 and 1998,
respectively, representing an increase of $1.1 million or 128%. This increase
resulted from increased costs of $1.1 million related to salaries, other
employee costs, travel, and a $633,000 charge to record the vested portion of a
warrant granted to Hearst in connection with a marketing agreement to jointly
promote Digimarc-enabled advertising, offset in part by an increased allocation
of $467,000 to cost of secure documents revenue associated with sales and
marketing personnel who provided education, outreach and product definition
services to our anti-counterfeiting system customer. Sales and marketing
employees totaled 27 and eight as of December 31, 1999 and 1998, respectively.
We believe that a significant increase in our sales and marketing effort is
essential for the introduction of new products, including additional secure
documents applications, and the MEDIABRIDGE system. Accordingly, we anticipate
that we will continue to invest significantly in sales and marketing for the
foreseeable future, and that sales and marketing expenses are likely to increase
in the future.
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING. Research, development and
engineering expenses consist primarily of compensation, benefits and related
costs of software developers and quality assurance personnel and payments to
outside contractors. Research, development and engineering expenses were
$936,000 and $658,000 for the years ended December 31, 1999 and 1998,
respectively, representing an increase of $278,000 or 42%. Increased use of
research, development and engineering personnel to provide services to our
anti-counterfeiting system customer resulted in an additional $1.0 million of
these expenses being allocated to cost of secure documents revenue, while
salaries and other employee related costs, including travel expenses, increased
$1.2 million. Research, development and engineering personnel totaled 34 and 14
as of December 31, 1999 and 1998, respectively. We believe that a significant
investment in research, development and engineering is essential for us to
maintain our
21
market position, to continue to expand our product lines and to enhance our
technologies and intellectual property rights. Accordingly, we anticipate that
we will continue to invest significantly in product research, development and
engineering for the foreseeable future.
GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE. General and administrative expenses consist
primarily of compensation, benefits and related costs of executive, finance and
administrative personnel, facilities costs, legal and other professional fees
and depreciation expense. General and administrative expenses were $2.7 million
and $1.4 million for the years ended December 31, 1999 and 1998, respectively,
representing an increase of $1.3 million or 95%. $1.2 million of this increase
was the result of increased executive compensation, travel expenses, executive
recruiting fees, depreciation, office expense and professional fees related to
our recent growth. General and administrative employees totaled 15 and four as
of December 31, 1999 and 1998, respectively. We believe that our general and
administrative expenses will continue to increase as a result of the continued
expansion of our administrative staff and expenses associated with being a
public company, including annual and other public-reporting costs, directors'
and officers' liability insurance, investor-relations programs and
professional-services fees.
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION. Stock-based compensation expense includes costs
relating to stock-based employee compensation arrangements. Stock-based
compensation expense is based on the difference between the fair market value of
our common stock and the exercise price of options to purchase that stock on the
date of the grant, and is being recognized over the vesting periods of the
related options, usually four years. Stock-based compensation expense of
$527,000 was recorded for the year ended December 31, 1999. The total deferred
stock compensation recorded by us from inception to December 31, 1999 was $8.7
million. The fair value per share used to determine deferred stock compensation
for stock option grants was derived by reference to sales of our preferred and
common stock reduced by a discount factor in each case. At current estimates,
additional stock-based compensation expense related to stock option grants will
be approximately $2.2 million for each of 2000, 2001 and 2002.
PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES. We have recognized operating losses since
inception and as such have not incurred income tax expense. As of December 31,
1999, we had operating loss carryovers for federal and state income tax
reporting purposes of approximately $9.1 million and research and development
tax credit carryforwards of $113,000, the last of which will expire through 2019
if not utilized. Under the Tax Reform Act of 1986, the amounts of and benefits
from net operating loss carryforwards may be impaired or limited in certain
circumstances, including a change of more than 50% in ownership. Such a change
in ownership occurred with the sale of preferred stock in June 1996, July 1996,
and July 1999 and in connection with the initial public offering of our common
stock in December 1999. Accordingly, we estimate that approximately $9.0 million
of net operating loss carryforwards are subject to the utilization limitation.
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1998 AND 1997
REVENUE
Total revenue was $984,000 and $186,000 in 1998 and 1997, respectively,
representing an increase of $798,000 or 429%. This increase was caused by
increased secure documents revenue in 1998. We had one customer (the consortium
of central banks) that accounted for more than 10% of our revenue, representing
approximately 51% of our total revenue for the year ended December 31, 1998; and
we had two customers (Micrographx and the consortium of central banks) that
accounted for more than 10% of our revenue, representing in aggregate
approximately 30% of our total revenue for the year ended December 31, 1997.
SECURE DOCUMENTS. Secure documents revenue was $500,000 and $25,000 in 1998
and 1997, respectively, representing an increase of $475,000 or 1,900%. This
increase was a result of our
22
completion of an anti-counterfeiting feasibility study in 1998. This has since
led to the award of a contract to develop a system to deter the use of personal
computers in the counterfeiting of currency.
MEDIA COMMERCE. Media commerce revenue was $484,000 and $161,000 in 1998
and 1997, respectively, representing an increase of $323,000 or 201%. $241,000
of this increase was the result of our introduction and the market's acceptance
of our subscription-based services designed to address the needs of customers
that distribute and promote their image collections on the Internet.
COST OF REVENUE
SECURE DOCUMENTS. We recorded cost of secure documents revenue of $1.5
million in 1998 as a result of the use of our product managers, sales, marketing
and research and development personnel in our performance of a feasibility study
for a consortium of leading central banks which led to a contract to develop a
system to deter the use of personal computer systems in the counterfeiting of
currency. Cost of secure documents revenue was 293% of secure documents revenue
for the year ended 1998.
MEDIA COMMERCE. Cost of media commerce revenue was $114,000 and $126,000 in
1998 and 1997, respectively, representing a decrease of $12,000 or 10%. $7,000
of this decrease was the result of cost savings associated with providing
customer technical support in-house, which had previously been provided by a
third party.
OPERATING EXPENSES
SALES AND MARKETING. Sales and marketing expenses were $825,000 and $1.3
million in 1998 and 1997, respectively, representing a decrease of $505,000 or
38%. This decrease was the result of devoting sales and marketing personnel to
provide education, outreach and product definition services to our
anti-counterfeiting system customer at a cost of $498,000. Sales and marketing
employees totaled eight and ten at December 31, 1998 and 1997, respectively. We
believe that a significant increase in our sales and marketing efforts is
essential for the introduction of new products, including self-authenticating
documents and the MEDIABRIDGE system.
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING. Research, development and
engineering expenses were $658,000 and $934,000 in 1998 and 1997, respectively,
representing a decrease of $276,000 or 30%. Increased use of our research,
development and engineering personnel to provide services to our anti-
counterfeiting system customer resulted in $968,000 of these expenses being
allocated to cost of secure documents revenue, while salaries and other employee
related costs increased $594,000. Research, development and engineering
personnel totaled 14 and ten for 1998 and 1997, respectively.
GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE. General and administrative expenses were $1.4
million and $1.3 million in 1998 and 1997, respectively, representing an
increase of $125,000 or 10%. $64,000 of this increase was the result of more
frequent domestic and international travel and $81,000 was the result of
increased depreciation expense as our fixed asset base grows. General and
administrative employees totaled four and three at December 31, 1998 and 1997,
respectively.
IMPAIRMENT CHARGE. The impairment charge relates to certain assets we
acquired in July 1997 from NetRights, LLC. The assets acquired included certain
office equipment, trademarks and tradenames, and all engineering drawings,
designs and documentation, including patent applications. We originally intended
to use the technology to expand and potentially enhance the delivery of
information to our customers in connection with a reevaluation of our business
strategy.
Prior to consummating the acquisition, we realized that NetRights'
technology did not have the features and functionality previously believed, and
that results could be achieved in a more simple way. Despite proceeding with the
legally binding terms that had been agreed by the parties, a decision was made
prior to consummating the transaction not to use the purchased technology. As a
result, the
23
purchased technology totaling $453,000 was considered impaired and written off
during the year ended December 31, 1997. The fixed assets, the pending patent
and tradenames were retained as acquired assets.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
As of December 31, 1999, we had cash and cash equivalents of $90.8 million,
representing an increase of $88.7 million from $2.1 million at December 31,
1998. Working capital at December 31, 1999 was $89.9 million, compared to
working capital of $1.2 million at December 31, 1998. The increase in working
capital is attributable primarily to $7.1 million in proceeds from the sale of
our preferred stock in June 1999 and August 1999, and $83.8 million in proceeds
from our initial public offering in December 1999.
Our operating activities resulted in net cash outflows of $1.1 million and
$3.2 million for the years ended December 31, 1999 and 1998, respectively. This
$2.1 million decrease in operating cash outflows from the year ended
December 31, 1999 to the year ended December 31, 1998 was due primarily to
improved operating results in the year ended December 31, 1999. Operating
activities resulted in net cash outflows of $3.1 million in 1997. The $68,000
increase in operating cash outflows from 1997 to 1998 resulted from further
growth of deferred revenue and accrued payroll and related costs, offset by
lower operating losses.
Investing activities used cash of $772,000 and $58,000 for the years ended
December 31, 1999 and 1998, respectively. This $714,000 increase in cash used in
investing activities related primarily to the purchase of property and
equipment. In addition, investing activities used cash of $440,000 in 1997. Net
cash used in investing activities in 1997 was related primarily to the
acquisition of selected assets, including technology, patent applications and
some fixed assets of NetRights, LLC. Net cash used in investing activities in
1998 was related primarily to the purchase of patents. We anticipate that we
will experience an increase in our capital expenditures consistent with our
anticipated growth in operations, infrastructure and personnel.
Financing activities provided net cash of $90.5 million and used net cash of
$233,000 for the years ended December 31, 1999 and 1998, respectively. In
addition, financing activities provided cash of $6.1 million in 1997. Net cash
provided by, or used in, financing activities in each of these periods was
related primarily to the sale of shares of our common stock in our initial
public offering in December 1999, sale of shares of our preferred stock in 1999
and 1997 and proceeds from borrowings in 1997, offset by principal payments on
our bank line of credit and equipment lease obligations in 1998.
We have computers and office equipment financed under long-term capital
leases that expire over the next 36 months. As of December 31, 1999, we had an
outstanding balance of $258,000 of capital lease obligations. We had unsecured
notes payable to common stockholders totaling $311,000 at December 31, 1999
which bear interest at 7% per annum. Other significant commitments consist of
obligations under non-cancelable operating leases, which totaled $2.0 million as
of December 31, 1999, and are payable in monthly installments through 2004.
YEAR 2000 READINESS
Beginning in 1999, we took steps designed to ensure that our products,
information technology and facilities computer systems were Year 2000 compliant.
To date, we have not experienced Year 2000 issues with regard to our internal
systems or with regard to any third party systems. Our expenditures relating to
Year 2000 compliance have not been material. Despite the fact that the Year 2000
has commenced and we have experienced no problems to date, we cannot assure that
the risks posed by Year 2000 issues will not adversely affect our business in
the future, either as a result of unanticipated difficulties related to our own
systems or those of third parties.
24
NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
In June 1998, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued
Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 133, "Accounting for Derivative
Instruments and Hedging Activities." SFAS No. 133 establishes methods for
derivative financial instruments and hedging activities related to those
instruments, as well as other hedging activities. Because we do not currently
hold any derivative instruments and do not currently engage in hedging
activities, we expect that the adoption of SFAS No. 133 will not have a material
impact on our financial position or results of operations. In June 1999, the
FASB issued Statement No. 137, "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and
Hedging Activities--Deferral of the Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 133, an
Amendment of FASB Statement No. 133." Statement No. 137 defers the effective
date of Statement No. 133 for one year. Statement No. 133, as amended, is now
effective for all fiscal quarters of all fiscal years beginning after June 15,
2000.
In December 1998, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants
(AICPA) issued Statement of Position (SOP) 98-9, "Modification of SOP 97-2,
Software Revenue Recognition, with Respect to Certain Transactions." SOP 98-9
amends SOP 97-2 and SOP 98-4, extending the deferral of the application of
certain provisions of SOP 97-2 amended by SOP 98-4 through fiscal years
beginning on or before March 15, 1999. All other provisions of SOP 98-9 are
effective for transactions entered into in fiscal years beginning after March
15, 1999. Before 1998, we recognized software license revenue in accordance with
the AICPA SOP 91-1, "Software Revenue Recognition." Beginning in 1998, we have
recognized software license revenue in accordance with AICPA SOP 97-2, "Software
Revenue Recognition," and related amendments and interpretations contained in
the AICPA's SOP 98-4, "Deferral of the Effective Date of a Provision of SOP
97-2." Although these pronouncements apply to our subscription and license
revenue and service revenue, we do not expect the adoption of SOP 98-9 to have a
material effect on our results of operations or financial condition or to
materially impact our revenue recognition practices.
ITEM 7A: QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Our exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily
to the increase or decrease in the amount of interest income we can earn on our
investment portfolio and on the increase or decrease in the amount of any
interest expense we must pay with respect to outstanding debt instruments. The
risk associated with fluctuating interest expense is limited, however, to the
exposure related to those debt instruments and credit facilities which are tied
to market rates. We do not plan to use derivative financial instruments in our
investment portfolio. We plan to ensure the safety and preservation of its
invested principal funds by limiting default risk, market risk and investment
risk. We plan to mitigate default risk by investing in low-risk securities. At
December 31, 1999, we had an investment portfolio of money market funds,
commercial securities and U.S. Government securities, including those classified
as short-term investments, of $90.8 million. We had promissory notes and capital
lease obligations totaling $569,000 at December 31, 1999. If market interest
rates were to increase immediately and uniformly by 10% from levels as of
December 31, 1999, the decline of the fair market value of the fixed income
portfolio and loans outstanding would not be material.
ITEM 8: FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
The Financial Statements and Related Notes of Digimarc Corporation as of
December 31, 1999 and 1998 and for the three year period ended December 31, 1999
and the independent accountants report are set forth on pages F-1 to F-20 of
this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
25
ITEM 9: CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.
PART III
The information required by Part III is omitted from this Report in that the
Registrant will file a definitive proxy statement pursuant to Regulation 14A
(the "Proxy Statement") not later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year
covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and certain information included
therein is incorporated herein by reference. Only those sections of the Proxy
Statement which specifically address the items set forth herein are incorporated
by reference.
ITEM 10: DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS COMPENSATION OF THE REGISTRANT
The information concerning the Company's directors required by this Item is
incorporated herein by reference to the Company's Proxy Statement.
The information concerning the Company's executive officers required by this
Item is incorporated herein by reference to the Company's Proxy Statement.
ITEM 11: EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to
the information under the caption "Executive Compensation" to be contained in
the Proxy Statement.
ITEM 12: SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT
The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to
the information under the caption "Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial
Owners and Management" to be contained in the Proxy Statement.
ITEM 13: CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to
the information under the caption "Certain Relationships and Related
Transactions" to be contained in the Proxy Statement.
26
PART IV
ITEM 14: EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES, AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K
(a)(1) FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The Financial Statements, together with the report thereon of KPMG LLP are
set forth on pages F-1 - F-20 attached hereto and are incorporated herein by
reference.
Digimare Corporation:
Independent Auditors' Report
Balance Sheets as of December 31, 1999 and 1998
Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 1999, 1998 and
1997
Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) for the years ended December
31, 1999, 1998 and 1997
Statements of Cash flows for the years ended December 31, 1999, 1998 and
1997
Notes to Financial Statements
(a)(2)Financial Statement Schedules
All schedules have been omitted since they are not required or are not
applicable or the required information is shown in the financial statements or
related notes.
(a)(3)INDEX TO EXHIBITS
EXHIBIT
NUMBER DOCUMENT
- --------------------- --------
1.1* Form of Underwriting Agreement
3.1* Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of
the Registrant
3.2* Bylaws of the Registrant, as amended
4.1 Reference is made to Exhibits 3.1 and 3.2
4.2* Second Amended and Restated Investor Rights Agreement, dated
as of November 2, 1999, between the Registrant and the
holders of the Registrant's preferred stock
4.3* Specimen Stock Certificate of the Registrant
10.1* Form of Indemnification Agreement between the Registrant and
each of its executive officers and directors
10.2* Registrant's 1995 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the
Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-8 (Commission
File No. 333-31114) which became effective on February 25,
2000)
10.3* Registrant's 1999 Stock Incentive Plan, including forms of
agreements thereunder (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
99.2 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-8
(Commission File No. 333-31114) which became effective on
February 25, 2000)
10.4* Registrant's 1999 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, as amended,
including forms of agreements thereunder (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 99.3 to the Registrant's Registration
Statement on Form S-8 (Commission File No. 333-31114) which
became effective on February 25, 2000)
10.5* Office Lease Agreement, dated as of April 16, 1998, between
the Registrant and Property Reserve, Inc.
10.6* Sublease, dated as of April 23, 1998, between the Registrant
and Southern Pacific Funding Corporation
27
10.7* Sublease, dated as of April 27, 1998, between the Registrant
and Southern Pacific Funding Corporation
10.8* Lease Agreement, dated as of June 25, 1999, between the
Registrant and Southplace Associates LLC
10.9^* Counterfeit Deterrence System Development and License
Agreement, dated as of January 1, 1999
10.10* First Amendment to Lease Agreement, dated as of
February 17, 2000, between the Registrant and Southplace
Associates LLC
10.11* CityPlex Towers Lease Agreement, dated as of January 4,
2000, between the Registrant and Oral Roberts University
23.2 Consent of KPMG LLP, Independent Certified Public
Accountants
24.1* Powers of Attorney (see signature page to this form)
27.1 Financial Data Schedule
- ------------------------
* Previously filed
^ Confidential treatment has been requested with regard to certain portions of
this document. Such portions have been omitted from this filing and have
been filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
28
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Form 10-K to be signed
on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on this 24th day of
March, 2000.
DIGIMARC CORPORATION
By: /s/ E.K. RANJIT
-----------------------------------------
E.K. Ranjit
CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER, SECRETARY
POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL THESE PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature
appears below constitutes and appoints Bruce Davis and EK Ranjit and each of
them, jointly and severally, his attorneys-in-fact, each with full power of
substitution, for him in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments
to this Form 10-K, and to file the same, with exhibits thereto and other
documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission,
hereby ratifying and confirming all that each said attorneys-in-fact or his
substitute or substitutes, may do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this
Form 10-K has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the
Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated:
SIGNATURE TITLE DATE
--------- ----- ----
/s/ BRUCE DAVIS
--------------------------------- President, Chief Executive Officer and March 24, 2000
(Bruce Davis) Director (Principal Executive Officer)
/s/ E.K. RANJIT Chief Financial Officer (Principal
--------------------------------- Financial and Accounting Officer) and March 24, 2000
(E.K. Ranjit) Secretary
/s/ GEOFFREY RHOADS
--------------------------------- Chief Technology Officer, and Director March 24, 2000
(Geoffrey Rhoads)
/s/ PHILIP MONEGO, SR.
--------------------------------- Chairman of the Board of Directors March 24, 2000
(Philip Monego, Sr.)
/s/ BRIAN J. GROSSI
--------------------------------- Director March 24, 2000
(Brian J. Grossi)
/s/ JOHN TAYSOM
--------------------------------- Director March 24, 2000
(John Taysom)
29
DIGIMARC CORPORATION
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
PAGE
--------
Independent Auditor's Report................................ F-2
Balance Sheets.............................................. F-3
Statements of Operations.................................... F-4
Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)................ F-5
Statements of Cash Flows.................................... F-6
Notes to Financial Statements............................... F-7
F-1
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT
The Board of Directors
Digimarc Corporation:
We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of Digimarc Corporation as
of December 31, 1999 and 1998, and the related statements of operations,
stockholders' equity (deficit), and cash flows for each of the years in the
three-year period ended December 31, 1999. These financial statements are the
responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an
opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with generally accepted auditing
standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material
misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting
the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes
assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by
management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.
We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly,
in all material respects, the financial position of Digimarc Corporation as of
December 31, 1999 and 1998, and the results of its operations and its cash flows
for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 1999 in
conformity with generally accepted accounting principles.
/s/ KPMG LLP
Portland, Oregon
February 11, 2000
F-2
DIGIMARC CORPORATION
BALANCE SHEETS
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
1999 1998
-------- --------
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents................................. $ 90,830 $ 2,137
Trade accounts receivable, net............................ 2,225 298
Prepaid expenses and other current assets................. 834 98
-------- -------
Total current assets.................................... 93,889 2,533
Property and equipment, net................................. 961 329
Other assets, net........................................... 53 116
-------- -------
Total assets............................................ $ 94,903 $ 2,978
======== =======
LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE PREFERRED STOCK
AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)
Current liabilities:
Short-term borrowings..................................... $ -- $ 250
Accounts payable.......................................... 1,638 228
Accrued payroll and related costs......................... 504 390
Other short term liabilities.............................. 79 --
Deferred revenue.......................................... 1,318 345
Current portion of notes payable to stockholders.......... 311 --
Current portion of capital lease obligations.............. 139 124
-------- -------
Total current liabilities............................... 3,989 1,337
Capital lease obligations, less current portion............. 119 171
Notes payable to stockholders, less current portion......... -- 298
Other long-term liabilities................................. -- 82
-------- -------
Total liabilities....................................... 4,108 1,888
-------- -------
Convertible redeemable preferred stock; no shares authorized
at December 31, 1999, and 10,874,000 shares authorized at
December 31, 1998; no shares issued and outstanding at
December 31, 1999, and 2,931,786 shares issued and
outstanding at December 31, 1998.......................... -- 10,185
-------- -------
Commitments and contingencies (Note 12)
Stockholders' equity (deficit):
Convertible preferred stock; no shares authorized at
December 31, 1999, and 325,000 shares authorized at
December 31, 1998
Series A-1, $.001 par value; no shares and 162,500
shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 1999 and
1998, respectively.................................... -- --
Series A-N, $.001 par value; no shares issued and
outstanding at December 31, 1999 and 1998,
respectively.......................................... -- --
Preferred stock, 5,000,000 shares authorized at
December 31, 1999, and no shares authorized at
December 31, 1998; no shares issued and outstanding at
December 31, 1999 and 1998.............................. -- --
Common stock, $.001 par value; authorized 30,000,000;
issued and outstanding 12,615,145 and 2,313,623 shares
at December 31, 1999 and 1998, respectively............. 13 2
Additional paid-in capital................................ 110,675 878
Deferred stock compensation............................... (8,162) --
Warrant................................................... 633 --
Accumulated deficit....................................... (12,364) (9,975)
-------- -------
Total stockholders' equity (deficit).................... 90,795 (9,095)
-------- -------
Total liabilities, convertible redeemable preferred
stock and stockholders' equity (deficit).............. $ 94,903 $ 2,978
======== =======
See accompanying notes to financial statements.
F-3
DIGIMARC CORPORATION
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
---------------------------------
1999 1998 1997
--------- --------- ---------
Revenue:
Secure documents.......................................... $ 6,727 $ 500 $ 25
Media commerce............................................ 202 484 161
--------- --------- ---------
Total revenue........................................... 6,929 984 186
--------- --------- ---------
Cost of revenue:
Secure documents.......................................... 3,529 1,466 --
Media commerce............................................ 97 114 126
--------- --------- ---------
Total cost of revenue................................... 3,626 1,580 126
--------- --------- ---------
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing....................................... 1,883 825 1,330
Research, development and engineering..................... 936 658 934
General and administrative................................ 2,739 1,407 1,282
Impairment charge......................................... -- -- 453
Stock-based compensation.................................. 527 -- --
--------- --------- ---------
Total operating expenses................................ 6,085 2,890 3,999
--------- --------- ---------
Operating loss.......................................... (2,782) (3,486) (3,939)
Other income (expense):
Interest income........................................... 492 189 76
Interest expense.......................................... (94) (119) (86)
Other..................................................... (5) (26) (30)
--------- --------- ---------
Loss before provision for income taxes.................. (2,389) (3,442) (3,979)
Provision for income taxes.................................. -- -- --
--------- --------- ---------
Net loss................................................ $ (2,389) $ (3,442) $ (3,979)
========= ========= =========
Net loss per share--basic and diluted....................... $ (0.78) $ (1.50) $ (1.88)
========= ========= =========
Weighted average shares used in computing net loss per
share--basic and diluted.................................. 3,052,671 2,288,442 2,120,477
========= ========= =========
See accompanying notes to financial statements.
F-4
DIGIMARC CORPORATION
STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER STOCK SHARE DATA)
CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED
PREFERRED STOCK STOCK COMMON STOCK ADDITIONAL
------------------- --------------------- --------------------- PAID-IN
SHARES AMOUNT SHARES AMOUNT SHARES AMOUNT CAPITAL
-------- -------- ---------- -------- ---------- -------- ----------
Balance at December 31, 1996...... 162,500 $ -- -- $-- 2,067,393 $ 2 $ 667
Exercise of stock options......... -- -- -- -- 62,600 -- 13
Repurchase and cancellation of
common stock previously
issued.......................... -- -- -- -- (56,000) -- (8)
Common stock issued for the
acquisition of assets........... -- -- -- -- 179,000 -- 179
Net loss.......................... -- -- -- -- -- -- --
-------- -------- ---------- --- ---------- --- --------
BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 1997...... 162,500 -- -- -- 2,252,993 2 851
Stock issued...................... -- -- -- -- 27,144 -- 13
Exercise of stock options......... -- -- -- -- 33,486 -- 14
Net loss.......................... -- -- -- -- -- -- --
-------- -------- ---------- --- ---------- --- --------
BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 1998...... 162,500 -- -- -- 2,313,623 2 878
Issuance of common stock through
conversion of redeemable
preferred stock................. -- -- -- -- 5,259,775 6 17,261
Issuance of common stock through
initial public offering, net.... -- -- -- -- 4,600,000 5 83,796
Issuance of common stock through
conversion of convertible
preferred stock................. (162,500) -- -- -- 325,000 -- --
Warrant issued.................... -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Exercise of stock options......... -- -- -- -- 116,747 -- 51
Deferred compensation related to
stock options................... -- -- -- -- -- -- 8,689
Stock-based compensation
expense......................... -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Net loss.......................... -- -- -- -- -- -- --
-------- -------- ---------- --- ---------- --- --------
BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 1999...... -- $ -- -- $-- 12,615,145 $13 $110,675
======== ======== ========== === ========== === ========
TOTAL
STOCKHOLDERS'
DEFERRED STOCK ACCUMULATED EQUITY
COMPENSATION WARRANT DEFICIT (DEFICIT)
-------------- --------- ------------ -------------
Balance at December 31, 1996...... $ -- $ -- $ (2,554) $(1,885)
Exercise of stock options......... -- -- -- 13
Repurchase and cancellation of
common stock previously
issued.......................... -- -- -- (8)
Common stock issued for the
acquisition of assets........... -- -- -- 179
Net loss.......................... -- -- (3,979) (3,979)
------- ---- -------- -------
BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 1997...... -- -- (6,533) (5,680)
Stock issued...................... -- -- -- 13
Exercise of stock options......... -- -- -- 14
Net loss.......................... -- -- (3,442) (3,442)
------- ---- -------- -------
BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 1998...... -- -- (9,975) (9,095)
Issuance of common stock through
conversion of redeemable
preferred stock................. -- -- -- 17,267
Issuance of common stock through
initial public offering, net.... -- -- -- 83,801
Issuance of common stock through
conversion of convertible
preferred stock................. -- -- -- --
Warrant issued.................... -- 633 -- 633
Exercise of stock options......... -- -- -- 51
Deferred compensation related to
stock options................... (8,689) -- -- --
Stock-based compensation
expense......................... 527 -- -- 527
Net loss.......................... -- -- (2,389) (2,389)
------- ---- -------- -------
BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 1999...... $(8,162) $633 $(12,364) $90,795
======= ==== ======== =======
See accompanying notes to financial statements.
F-5
DIGIMARC CORPORATION
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
------------------------------
1999 1998 1997
-------- -------- --------
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss.................................................. $(2,389) $(3,442) $(3,979)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in
operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization........................... 303 178 100
Amortization of discount on note payable................ 13 14 13
Asset impairment........................................ -- -- 453
Stock-based compenstation expense....................... 527 -- --
Other non-cash expenses................................. 632 20 27
Gain on forgiveness of debt............................. -- -- (33)
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Trade accounts receivable............................. (1,927) (196) (102)
Prepaid expenses and other assets..................... (710) (33) (36)
Accounts payable...................................... 1,410 (107) 43
Accrued payroll and related costs..................... 114 204 199
Deferred revenue...................................... 973 152 173
------- ------- -------
Net cash used in operating activities............... (1,054) (3,210) (3,142)
------- ------- -------
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of property and equipment........................ (762) (8) (23)
Purchases of patents...................................... (10) (50) --
Purchase of tradename..................................... (10) -- --
Sale of tradename......................................... 10 -- --
Acquisition of assets..................................... -- -- (417)
------- ------- -------
Net cash used in investing activities............... (772) (58) (440)
------- ------- -------
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds (repayment) of short-term borrowings............. (250) (150) 400
Net proceeds from issuance of preferred stock............. 7,081 -- 5,744
Net proceeds from issuance of common stock................ 83,852 14 13
Repurchase of common stock previously issued.............. -- -- (8)
Principal payments under capital lease obligations........ (164) (97) (42)
------- ------- -------
Net cash provided by (used in) financing
activities........................................ 90,519 (233) 6,107
------- ------- -------
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents........ 88,693 (3,501) 2,525
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period............ 2,137 5,638 3,113
------- ------- -------
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period.................. $90,830 $ 2,137 $ 5,638
======= ======= =======
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest.................................... $ 95 $ 125 $ 38
======= ======= =======
Summary of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Equipment acquired or exchanged under capital lease
obligations............................................. $ 127 $ 202 $ 64
Common stock issued for the acquisition of assets......... -- -- 179
See accompanying notes to financial statements.
F-6
DIGIMARC CORPORATION
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
(1) SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
(A) THE COMPANY
Digimarc Corporation (the Company) was originally incorporated in 1995 as an
Oregon corporation. In December 1999, the Company reincorporated in Delaware.
The Company is a provider of patented digital watermarking technologies that
allow imperceptible digital code to be embedded in the printed or digital
versions of media content, such as commercial and consumer photographs, movies,
music, magazine advertisements, catalogs, product packages and valuable
documents like financial instruments, passports and event tickets. In addition
to a code that can be embedded within various types of media content, the
Company's technologies include reader software that, as a resident application
on PCs and other devices, enables the recognition of embedded codes.
(B) ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE
Trade accounts receivable are shown net of allowance for doubtful accounts.
The amount of the allowance and the charges were as follows:
DECEMBER 31,
------------------------------
1999 1998 1997
-------- -------- --------
Balance--beginning of period............................... $2 $17 $
Provision (recovery)....................................... 5 (7) 17
Charge offs................................................ (4) (8) --
-- --- ---
Balance--end of period..................................... $3 $ 2 $17
== === ===
(C) PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
Property and equipment are stated at cost. Property and equipment under
capital lease obligations are stated at the lower of the present value of
minimum lease payments at the beginning of the lease term or fair value of the
leased assets at the inception of the lease. Repairs and maintenance are charged
to expense when incurred.
Depreciation on property and equipment is calculated by the straight-line
method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, generally two to five
years. Property and equipment held under capital leases are amortized by the
straight-line method over the lease term. Amortization of property and equipment
under capital lease is included in depreciation expense.
(D) SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT COSTS
Under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 86, ACCOUNTING
FOR THE COST OF COMPUTER SOFTWARE TO BE SOLD, LEASED, OR OTHERWISE MARKETED,
software development costs are to be capitalized beginning when a product's
technological feasibility has been established and ending when a product is made
available for general release to customers. To date, the establishment of
technological feasibility of the Company's products has occurred shortly before
general release and, therefore, software development costs qualifying for
capitalization have been immaterial. Accordingly, the Company has not
capitalized any software development costs and has charged all such costs to
research and development expense.
F-7
DIGIMARC CORPORATION
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
(1) SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
(E) FUNDED RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
The Company accounts for amounts received under its funded research and
development arrangements in accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 68,
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ARRANGEMENTS. Under the terms of the arrangements, the
Company is not obligated to repay any of the amounts provided by the funding
parties. As a result, the Company recognizes revenue as the services are
performed.
Revenues recognized under vendor and end-user funding arrangements totaled
$5,536 and $500 for the years ended December 31, 1999 and 1998, respectively.
Direct costs allocated to the arrangement were $2,968 and $1,466 for the year
ended December 31, 1999 and 1998, respectively. There were no such revenues
recognized or cost incurred related to a funding arrangement in 1997.
(F) OTHER ASSETS
Other assets consist primarily of the costs of acquired patents and
trademarks, and are amortized by the straight-line method over a useful life of
three to five years. They are shown, net of accumulated amortization, as $100
and $63 at December 31, 1999 and 1998, respectively. Amortization expense of
$46, $46 and $14 for the years ended December 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997
(G) ADVERTISING COSTS
Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Total advertising expenses were
$86, $135 and $157 for the years ended December 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997,
respectively.
(H) IMPAIRMENT OF LONG-LIVED ASSETS AND LONG-LIVED ASSETS TO BE DISPOSED OF
The Company accounts for long-lived assets in accordance with the provisions
of SFAS No. 121, ACCOUNTING FOR THE IMPAIRMENT OF LONG-LIVED ASSETS AND FOR
LONG-LIVED ASSETS TO BE DISPOSED OF. This statement requires that long-lived
assets and certain identifiable intangibles be reviewed for impairment whenever
events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset
may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured
by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to future net cash flows
expected to be generated by the asset. If such assets are considered to be
impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the
carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. Assets to be
disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less
costs to sell.
(I) REVENUE RECOGNITION
Revenue is recognized when earned in accordance with American Institute of
Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) Statement of Position (SOP) 97-2, SOFTWARE
REVENUE RECOGNITION, SOP 98-4, Deferral of the Effective Date of a Provision of
97-2, SOFTWARE REVENUE RECOGNITION, and SOP 98-9, MODIFICATION OF SOP 97-2, WITH
RESPECT TO CERTAIN TRANSACTIONS.
The Company generates revenue from the sale of digital watermarking products
and services for use in authenticating documents, detecting fraudulent documents
and detering unauthorized duplication
F-8
DIGIMARC CORPORATION
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
(1) SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
or alteration of high-value documents (secure documents) and for use in
communicating copyright, asset management and business-to-business image
commerce solutions (media commerce).
Revenue for licenses of the Company's software products is recognized upon
delivery of software, assuming no significant future obligations or customer
acceptance rights exist.
SOP 98-9 requires that revenue is recognized under certain circumstances
using the "residual method." Under the residual method, revenue is recognized as
follows: (1) the total fair value of undelivered elements, as indicated by
vendor specific objective evidence (VSOE), is deferred and subsequently
recognized in accordance with the relevant sections of SOP 97-2, and (2) the
difference between the total arrangement fee and the amount deferred for the
undelivered elements is recognized as revenue related to the delivered elements.
SOP 98-9 is effective for fiscal years beginning after March 15, 1999.
Revenue for subscriptions are paid in advance and are recognized ratably
over the term of the subscription. Revenue for contracted professional services
are recognized as the services are performed. The Company recognizes revenues on
service contracts on a method that approximates the percentage of completion
basis using budgeted amounts established with the customer at the inception of
the contract. Progress towards completion is measured using allowable costs
incurred as compared to the budgeted amounts contained in the basic contract.
Losses on contracts, if any, are provided for in the period in which the loss
becomes determinable. The contract is considered complete upon completion of the
deliverables specified in the contract. Deferred revenue consists of payments
received in advance for consulting services and subscriptions to the Company's
Internet service for service and support not yet performed.
(J) USE OF ESTIMATES
Generally accepted accounting principles require management to make
estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets,
liabilities and contingencies at the date of the financial statements and the
reported amounts of revenues and expense during the reporting periods. Actual
results could differ from those estimates.
(K) INCOME TAXES
The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method.
Under the asset and liability method, deferred income taxes reflect the future
tax consequences of differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities
and their financial reporting amounts at each year-end. Deferred tax assets and
liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable
income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be
recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a
change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the
enactment date. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce
tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.
(L) STOCK SPLIT
On October 21, 1999, the Board of Directors approved a one-for-two reverse
stock split of outstanding common and preferred shares which was effected on
December 1, 1999. Common and
F-9
DIGIMARC CORPORATION
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
(1) SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
preferred share and per share data for all periods presented in the accompanying
financial statements have been adjusted to reflect this stock split.
(M) CONCENTRATIONS OF CREDIT RISK
Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to
concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and trade receivables.
The Company places its cash and cash equivalents with major banks and financial
institutions. The Company's investment policy limits its credit exposure to any
one financial institution or type of financial instrument. As a result, the
credit risk associated with cash is minimal. The Company had accounts receivable
from one customer representing approximately 91% of trade accounts receivable at
December 31, 1999 and accounts receivable from three customers representing
approximately 83% of trade accounts receivable at Decmber 31, 1998. Loss of or
non-performance by these significant customers could adversely affect the
Company's financial position, liquidity or results of operations.
(N) FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, trade accounts
receivable, accounts payable and accrued payroll approximate fair value due to
the short-term nature of these instruments. The carrying amounts of capital
leases and notes payable approximate fair value as the stated interest rates
reflect current market rates. Fair value estimates are made at a specific point
in time, based on relevant market information about the financial instrument
when available. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve
uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and, therefore, cannot be
determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the
estimates.
(O) STOCK-BASED EMPLOYEE COMPENSATION
The Company adopted SFAS No. 123, ACCOUNTING FOR STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION,
which permits entities to recognize stock-based compensation expense over the
vesting period based on the fair value of all stock-based awards on the date of
grant. Alternatively, SFAS No. 123 also allows entities to continue to apply the
provisions of Accounting Principles Board (APB) Opinion No. 25, ACCOUNTING FOR
STOCK ISSUED TO EMPLOYEES, under which no compensation expense for stock options
is recognized for stock awards granted at or above fair market value and to
provide pro forma net income and pro forma earnings per share disclosures as if
the fair-value-based method defined in SFAS No. 123 had been applied. The
Company has elected to apply the provisions of APB Opinion No. 25 and provide
the pro forma disclosure provisions of SFAS No. 123.
(P) CONTINGENCIES AND FACTORS THAT COULD AFFECT FUTURE RESULTS
A portion of the Company's revenues each year is generated from licensing of
technology. In the competitive environment in which the Company operates, such
product generation, development and marketing processes are uncertain and
complex, requiring accurate prediction of demand as well as successful
management of various development risks inherent in technology development. In
light of these dependencies, it is possible that failure to successfully manage
future changes in technology with respect to the Company's technology could have
a long-term impact on the Company's growth and results of operations.
F-10
DIGIMARC CORPORATION
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
(1) SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
(Q) NET LOSS PER SHARE
Net loss per share is calculated in accordance with SFAS No. 128, EARNINGS
PER SHARE, which provides that basic and diluted net loss per share for all
prior periods presented are to be computed using the weighted average number of
common shares outstanding during each period, with diluted net income per share
including the effect of potentially dilutive common shares.
Common stock equivalents related to stock options and warrant of 1,615,944,
1,327, 426, and 640,857 are antidilutive in a net loss year and, therefore, are
not included in 1999, 1998 and 1997 diluted net loss per share, respectively.
(R) RECLASSIFICATIONS
Certain prior year amounts in the acompanying financial statements have been
reclassified to conform to current year presentation. These reclassifications
had no effect on the results of operations or financial position for any year
presented.
(2) CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
For purposes of the statements of cash flows, the Company considers all
highly liquid instruments with an original maturity of three months or less to
be cash equivalents.
Cash and cash equivalents include various money market instruments and
investments in government bonds totaling $90,830 and $2,137 at December 31, 1999
and 1998, respectively. Cash equivalents are carried at amortized cost, which
approximates market.
(3) PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
DECEMBER 31,
-------------------
1999 1998
-------- --------
Furniture and fixtures...................................... $ 185 $ 51
Office equipment............................................ 1,123 504
Leasehold improvements...................................... 140 4
------ -----
1,448 559
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization.............. (487) (230)
------ -----
$ 961 $ 329
====== =====
(4) LEASES
The Company leases certain office equipment under long-term capital leases,
which expire over the next three years. At December 31, 1999 and 1998, the cost
of these assets was $584 and $447, respectively, and accumulated amortization
was $329 and $168, respectively.
F-11
DIGIMARC CORPORATION
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
(4) LEASES (CONTINUED)
Future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating leases and the
present value of future minimum capital lease payments are as follows:
CAPITAL OPERATING
YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31: LEASES LEASES
- ------------------------ -------- ---------
2000....................................................... $154 $ 459
2001....................................................... 105 376
2002....................................................... 32 376
2003....................................................... -- 400
2004....................................................... -- 400
---- ------
Total minimum lease payments............................. 291 $2,011
======
Less amount representing interest.......................... 33
----
258
Less current portion of capital lease...................... 139
----
$119
====
On June 22, 1999, the Company entered into a five-year operating lease
agreement for office space. The lease requires a letter of credit in lieu of a
cash security deposit in the amount of $350. The letter of credit dated
August 1999 is secured by a certificate of deposit in the amount of $350. The
letter of credit is to be released over two years in increments upon the
Company's meeting certain milestones.
Rent expense on the operating leases for the years ended December 31, 1999,
1998 and 1997 totaled $141, $71 and $62 respectively.
(5) NOTES PAYABLE
DECEMBER 31,
-------------------
1999 1998
-------- --------
Notes payable to stockholders, net of unamortized discount
of $72 and $86 at December 31, 1999 and 1998,
respectively, interest at 7% beginning in 1998, due And
payable May 2005 or earlier under certain conditions,
unsecured................................................. $311 $298
---- ----
311 298
Less current portion........................................ 311 --
---- ----
$ -- $298
==== ====
(6) DEFINED CONTRIBUTION PENSION PLAN
The Company sponsors an employee savings plan (the Plan) which qualifies as
a deferred salary arrangement under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code.
Employees become eligible to participate in the Plan after four months of
service. Employees may contribute up to 15% of their pay
F-12
DIGIMARC CORPORATION
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
(6) DEFINED CONTRIBUTION PENSION PLAN (CONTINUED)
to the Plan, subject to the limitations of the Internal Revenue Code. Company
matching contributions are discretionary. For the years ending December 31,
1999, 1998 and 1997 the Company made no discretionary matching contributions.
(7) CONVERTIBLE REDEEMABLE PREFERRED STOCK
The Company authorized several series of convertible redeemable preferred
stock. All issued and outstanding convertible redeemable preferred stock was
converted into common stock upon completion of the Company's initial public
offering on December 2, 1999. The title, carrying amount, and number of shares
issued and outstanding were as follows:
DECEMBER 31,
-------------------
1999 1998
-------- --------
Series B-1, $.001 par value; no shares and 902,000 shares
issued and outstanding at December 31, 1999 and 1998,
respectively; liquidation preference $4,510 at December
31, 1998................................................ $ -- $ 4,441
Series B-N, $.001 par value; no shares issued and
outstanding............................................. -- --
Series C-1, $.001 par value; no shares and 2,029,786
shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 1999 and
1998 respectively; liquidation preference $5,805 at
December 31, 1998....................................... -- 5,744
Series C-N, $.001 par value; no shares issued and
outstanding at December 31, 1999 and 1998............... -- --
Series D, $.001 par value; no shares issued and
outstanding at December 31, 1999 and 1998............... -- --
Series D-X, $.001 par value; no shares issued and
outstanding at December 31, 1999 and 1998............... -- --
------- -------
Total convertible redeemable preferred stock.............. $ -- $10,185
======= =======
During 1999, the Company issued 1,266,000 shares of Series D-1 convertible
redeemable preferred stock for a total aggregate purchase price of $6,291 and
160,000 shares of Series D-X convertible redeemable preferred stock for a total
aggregate purchase price of $790. The terms of the Series D and D-X stock are
substantially identical to the Series B and C stock. See note 10 for features of
convertible redeemable preferred stock. Upon effectiveness of the initial public
offering (the Offering) on December 2, 1999, all outstanding convertible
redeemable preferred stock was converted into common stock.
(8) INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING
In December 1999, the Company completed the Offering of 4,600,000 shares of
its common stock which included the exercise of the underwriters overallotment
option resulting in net proceeds of $83,801, after deducting underwriting
discounts, commissions and offering expenses.
F-13
DIGIMARC CORPORATION
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
(9) STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(A) PREFERRED STOCK
All outstanding preferred stock of the Company was converted to common stock
upon the closing of the Offering. The authorized preferred stock of the Company
following its reincorporation and the Offering consists of 5,000,000 shares of
undesignated preferred. Prior to the Offering, the Company had issued
Series A-1, Series B-1 Series, C-1, Series D and Series D-X preferred stock.
(B) COMMON STOCK
The authorized common stock of the Company following its reincorporation in
Delaware on December 1, 1999, consists of 30,000,000 shares.
(C) DEFERRED STOCK COMPENSATION
Stock compensation expense is based on the difference between the deemed
fair market value of the Company's common stock and the exercise price of
options to purchase that stock on the date of grant, and is being recognized
over the vesting period of the related options, usually four years. The
estimated fair value per share used to determine deferred stock compensation was
derived by reference to preferred stock sales reduced by a discount factor, the
execution of various contracts and letters of intent, the progress toward
completion of new products, and the estimated price range of the common stock at
the effective date of the Offering. Stock-based compensation expense of $527 was
recorded for the year ended December 31, 1999. No stock-based compensation
expense was recorded for the years ended December 31, 1998 and 1997. The total
deferred stock compensation recorded by the Company from inception through
December 31, 1999 was $8.7 million. The Company estimates it will record stock
compensation expense of approximately $2.2 million for each of year 2000, 2001
and 2002.
(D) STOCK INCENTIVE PLAN
In October 1995, the 1995 Stock Incentive Plan (the 1995 Plan) was approved
by our Board of Directors. Under the terms of the 1995 Plan, the Board of
Directors is authorized to grant incentive stock options, non-qualified stock
options and restricted stock to officers, directors, employees or consultants.
Prices for all options or stock granted under the 1995 Plan are determined by
the Board of Directors. Option prices for incentive stock options are set at not
less than the fair market value of the common stock at the date of grant.
Options vest over periods determined by the Board of Directors. Options are
contingent upon continued employment with the Company and, unless otherwise
specified, expire ten years from the date of grant. The Company has reserved
2,800,000 shares of its common stock for issuance under the 1995 Plan.
In October 1999, the 1999 Stock Incentive Plan (the 1999 Plan) was approved
by our Board of Directors. The Company initially reserved 1,500,000 shares of it
common stock for issuance under the 1999 Plan. Upon completion of the Company's
Offering, shares available for grant from the 1995 Plan were transferred to the
1999 Plan. The exercise price and term of options granted under the 1999 Plan
will be determined by our Board of Directors or by a committee they designate.
As part of the 1999 Plan, the Company adopted the Non-Employee Director
Option Plan (the Director Plan). Under the Director Plan, an automatic option
grant to acquire 10,000 shares will be given to each non-employee director
then-exising or first elected to the Company's Board of Directors.
F-14
DIGIMARC CORPORATION
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
(9) STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (CONTINUED)
These options vest in four annual increments on the anniversary date of the
grant date. In addition, an annual option grant of 2,500 shares will be given to
each non-employee director on the date of the Company's annual stockholders'
meeting if certain conditions are met. These options will vest on the first
anniversary of the grant date. The exercise price of the options under this plan
is fair market value on the date of grant.
SFAS No. 123 defines a fair value based method of accounting for an employee
stock option and similar equity instrument. As is permitted under SFAS No. 123,
the Company has elected to continue to account for its stock-based compensation
plans under APB Opinion No. 25. The Company has computed, for pro forma
disclosure purposes, the value of all options granted during 1999, 1998 and 1997
using the Black-Scholes option pricing model as prescribed by SFAS No. 123 with
the following weighted average assumption for grants:
1999 1998 1997
-------- -------- --------
Risk-free interest rate................................... 6.25% 6.00% 6.25%
Expected dividend yield................................... -- -- --
Expected life (in years).................................. 4 4 4
Expected volatility....................................... 100% 100% 100%
Using the Black-Scholes methodology, the total value of options granted during
1999, 1998 and 1997 was $9,015, $175 and $97, respectively, which would be
amortized on a pro forma basis over the vesting period of the options. The
weighted average fair value of options granted during 1999, 1998 and 1997 was
$7.91, $0.09 and $0.08 per share, respectively. If the Company had accounted for
its stock-based compensation plans in accordance with SFAS No. 123, the
Company's loss per share would approximate the pro forma disclosures below:
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
------------------------------
1999 1998 1997
-------- -------- --------
Pro forma net loss................................... (5,700) (3,552) (4,053)
Pro forma net loss per share......................... (1.87) (1.55) (1.91)
The effects of applying SFAS No. 123 in this pro forma disclosure are not
indicative of future amounts. SFAS No. 123 does not apply to awards prior to
January 1, 1995, and additional awards are anticipated in future years.
F-15
DIGIMARC CORPORATION
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
(9) STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (CONTINUED)
Transactions involving the stock incentive plans are summarized as follows:
WEIGHTED
NUMBER OF AVERAGE
SHARES EXERCISE PRICE
--------- --------------
Options outstanding, December 31, 1996............... 577,550 $ .30
Granted.............................................. 416,900 .50
Exercised............................................ (62,600) .22
Canceled............................................. (19,650) .50
--------- -----
Options outstanding, December 31, 1997............... 912,200 .40
Granted.............................................. 646,800 .50
Exercised............................................ (33,486) .50
Canceled............................................. (220,714) .50
--------- -----
Options outstanding, December 31, 1998............... 1,304,800 .42
Granted.............................................. 1,516,750 3.67
Exercised............................................ (116,747) .44
Canceled............................................. (47,992) .50
--------- -----
Options outstanding, December 31, 1999............... 2,656,811 $2.28
========= =====
At December 31, 1999, the range of exercise prices and the weighted average
remaining contractual life of outstanding options were $.15-$59.63 and nine
years, respectively.
OUTSTANDING EXERCISABLE
----------------------------------- --------------------
REMAINING WEIGHTED WEIGHTED
NUMBER OF CONTRACTUAL AVERAGE NUMBER OF AVERAGE
RANGE OF EXERCISE PRICES SHARES LIFE (YEARS) PRICE SHARES PRICE
- ------------------------ --------- ------------ -------- --------- --------
.15....................... 252,800 6.45 .15 230,000 .15
.50....................... 917,261 7.89 .50 452,161 .50
1.50....................... 484,000 9.39 1.50 -- 1.50
1.65....................... 50,000 4.36 1.65 -- 1.65
2.50....................... 843,750 9.73 2.50 -- 2.50
20.00....................... 97,000 9.92 20.00 -- 20.00
55.38....................... 4,000 9.99 55.38 -- 55.38
59.63....................... 8,000 9.94 59.63 -- 59.63
At December 31, 1999, options to purchase 682,161 shares of common stock
were exercisable at a weighted average exercise price of $.38, and 1,214,354
shares were available for grant.
(E) EMPLOYEE STOCK PURCHASE PLAN
Under the 1999 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the Purchase Plan), the Company
has authorized the issuance of 625,000 common shares, of which all are available
at December 31, 1999. The Purchase Plan allows eligible employees to puchase the
Company's common stock through payroll deductions, which may not exceed 15% of
an employee's base compensation, not to exceed $21 per year, including
F-16
DIGIMARC CORPORATION
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
(9) STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (CONTINUED)
commissions, bonuses and overtime, at a price equal to 85% of the lower of the
fair value at the beginning or end of each enrollment period.
(F) WARRANT
In October 1999, the Company entered into a two year agreement with Hearst
Communications, Inc. (Hearst) in which the Company and Hearst will jointly
promote Internet-enabled advertising. In connection with the Hearst agreement,
the Company issued a warrant to purchase 150,000 shares of common stock to
Hearst at $20 per share. Of the 150,000 shares, 62,500 vested upon the Company's
Offering, another 62,500 shares vest based on the achievement of certain
milestones within the first year of the agreement, and the final 25,000 vest
upon the one-year anniversary of the agreement. The warrant is exercisable for
three years after each vesting date.
The value of the warrant at December 31, 1999 was $4,122. Of this amount,
the Company recorded $633 of sales and marketing expense during 1999 which
related to the vested portion of the warrant. The value and expense of the
warrant was calculated using the Black-Scholes method, assuming a 6.25%
risk-free interest rate, three year expected life, and 100% volatility. The
Company will continue to record non-cash charges in its statement of operations
based on the fair value of the newly-vested portions of the warrant. As of
December 31, 1999, no portion of the warrant had been exercised.
(10) INCOME TAXES
Due to the Company's losses before the provision for income taxes for the
years ended December 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997, there has been no provision for
federal and state taxes. The reconciliation of the statutory federal income tax
rate to the Company's effective income tax rate is as follows:
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
--------------------------------------
1999 1998 1997
-------- -------- --------
Federal statutory rate................................ (34)% (34)% (34)%
Increase (decrease) resulting from:
State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit...... (5) (4) (4)
Change in valuation allowance....................... 43 40 39
Other, net.......................................... (4) (2) (1)
--- --- ---
Effective tax rate................................ --% --% --%
=== === ===
Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences
between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting
purposes and the amounts used for income tax
F-17
DIGIMARC CORPORATION
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
(10) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED)
purposes. The tax effects of significant items comprising the Company's deferred
tax assets and deferred tax liabilities as of December 31 are as follows:
1999 1998
-------- --------
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards........................ $ 3,482 $ 3,284
Capitalized research and experimentation costs.......... 170 238
Tax basis intangible assets, due to differences in
amortization.......................................... 57 82
Research and experimentation credits.................... 113 113
Accrued expenses........................................ 430 --
Deferred revenue........................................ 491 --
Other................................................... 8 22
------- -------
Total gross deferred tax assets....................... 4,751 3,739
Less valuation allowance.................................. (4,723) (3,699)
------- -------
Net deferred tax assets............................... 28 40
------- -------
Deferred tax liabilities:
Unamortized discount on notes payable................... 28 33
Plant and equipment, due to differences in
depreciation.......................................... -- 7
------- -------
Total deferred tax liabilities........................ 28 40
------- -------
Net deferred tax liability (asset).................... $ -- $ --
======= =======
The valuation allowance for deferred tax assets as of December 31, 1999 and
1998, respectively, was $4,723 and $3,699. The net change in the total valuation
allowance for the year ended December 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997 was an increase of
$1,024, $1,385, and $1,418, respectively.
At December 31, 1999, the Company had net operating loss carryforwards of
approximately $9,078 to offset against future income for federal and state tax
purposes, and research and experimentation credits of $113. These carryforwards
expire through 2019.
A provision of the Internal Revenue Code requires that the utilization of
net operating losses and research and experimentation credits be limited when
there is a change of more than 50% in ownership of the Company. Such a change
occurred with the sale of Series A preferred stock in June 1996 and the sale of
Series B preferred stock in July 1996. Accordingly, the utilization of the net
operating loss carryforwards generated from periods prior to July of 1996 is
limited; the amount subject to limitation is approximately $915.
A change of more than 50% in ownership occurred twice during 1999. The
change occurred with the sale of Series D preferred stock in June 1999 and again
with the Offering in December 1999. As such, the utilization of the net
operating loss carryforwards generated from periods prior to June and December
of 1999 is limited. The amount of the net operating loss carryforward subject to
the utilization limitation is approximately $9,037.
F-18
DIGIMARC CORPORATION
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
(11) SEGMENT INFORMATION
(A) GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
The Company derives its revenue from a single operating segment, digital
watermarking applications. Revenue is generated in this segment through
licensing and subscription of its media commerce and secure documents products
and the delivery of contracted and consulting services related to secure
documents.
The Company operates solely within the United States, and all assets are
located within the United States. Sales to identifiable foreign customers were
approximately $351, $89 and $17 for the years ended December 31, 1999, 1998 and
1997, respectively.
(B) MAJOR CUSTOMERS
Revenue from the Company's major customers was as follows:
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
--------------------------------------
1999 1998 1997
-------- -------- --------
Customer A......................................... $ -- $ -- $30
Customer B......................................... 6,136 503 25
------ ---- ---
$6,136 $503 $55
====== ==== ===
Accounts receivable from one customer represented 91% of trade receivables
at December 31, 1999. The Company had accounts receivable from three customers
representing approximately 83% of trade accounts receivable at December 31,
1998. No single customer accounted for more than 10% of trade accounts
receivable outstanding at December 31, 1997.
(12) COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
In October 1999, the Company entered into a binding letter of agreement with
WIRED magazine (WIRED) in which the Company and WIRED will jointly promote
Internet-enabled advertising. Under the agreement, the Company has agreed to
provide a non-exclusive license to WIRED for MEDIABRIDGE, as well as provide
WIRED with all reasonable and necessary development tools, training, software
and cameras for it to comply with its obligations under the agreement. WIRED has
agreed to remit to the Company a portion of the revenue it receives from
MEDIABRIDGE-enabled advertising.
F-19
DIGIMARC CORPORATION
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
(13) QUARTERLY FINANCIAL INFORMATION--UNAUDITED
A summary of quarterly financial information follows:
QUARTER ENDED MARCH 31 JUNE 30 SEPTEMBER 30 DECEMBER 31
- ------------- -------- -------- ------------ -----------
1999
Total revenue...................... $1,059 $ 996 $2,130 $ 2,744
Cost of revenue.................... 480 455 941 1,750
Operating loss..................... (118) (431) (284) (1,949)
Net loss........................... (129) (448) (247) (1,565)
Net loss per share, diluted and
basic............................ $ (.06) $(.19) $ (.10) $ (.30)
1998
Total revenue...................... $ 161 $ 246 $ 284 $ 293
Cost of revenue.................... 159 370 339 712
Operating loss..................... (803) (838) (737) (1,108)
Net loss........................... (787) (822) (712) (1,121)
Net loss per share, diluted and
basic............................ $ (.35) $(.36) $ (.31) $ (.49)
The four quarters for net loss per share may not add for the year because of the
different number of shares outstanding during the year.
F-20