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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
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FORM 10-K
(MARK ONE)
/X/ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1999
OR
/ / TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (D) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM TO
COMMISSION FILE NUMBER 33-90516
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NEOPHARM, INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
DELAWARE 51-0327886
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)
or organization)
60015
(Zip Code)
100 CORPORATE NORTH
SUITE 215
BANNOCKBURN, ILLINOIS
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
(847) 295-8678
(Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(B) OF THE ACT: NONE
SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(G) OF THE ACT:
COMMON STOCK, $.0002145 PAR VALUE
(Title of class)
------------------------------
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports
required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such
filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes /X/ No / /
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item
405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the
best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements
incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this
Form 10-K / /.
The aggregate market value of the Registrant's common stock held by
non-affiliates (affiliates being, for these purposes only, directors, executive
officers and holders of 5% of the registrant's stock) of the registrant, par
value $.0002145 per share, (based on the closing price of such shares on the
American Stock Exchange on March 3, 2000) was $132,861,818. As of March 3, 2000
there were 11,047,487 shares of Common Stock outstanding.
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FORM 10-K TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
PART I ----
Item 1. Business.................................................... 3
Item 2. Properties.................................................. 21
Item 3. Legal Proceedings........................................... 21
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders......... 21
PART II
Item 5. Market for the Registrant's Common Equity and Related
Stockholder Matters......................................... 21
Item 6. Selected Financial Data..................................... 22
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition
and Results of Operations................................... 23
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplemental Data.................. 25
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting
and Financial Disclosures................................... 25
PART
III
Item Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant..........
10. 26
Item Executive Compensation......................................
11. 28
Item Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and
12. Management.................................................. 28
Item Certain Relationships and Related Transactions..............
13. 28
PART IV
Item Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules..................
14. 29
Signatures.................................................. 30
2
BUSINESS
OVERVIEW
We are a biopharmaceutical company engaged in the research, development and
commercialization of drugs for the treatment of various cancers. We currently
have a portfolio of seven anti-cancer drugs, three of which are in clinical
trials. We have built our drug portfolio based on our two novel proprietary
technology platforms: a liposomal drug delivery platform and a tumor-targeting
platform. In February 1999, we entered into a collaboration agreement with PNU
to develop and commercialize our two leading products: liposome encapsulated
paclitaxel, or LEP, and liposome encapsulated doxorubicin, or LED. In
conjunction with PNU, we are preparing to initiate multi-center Phase II/III
clinical trials of LEP for the treatment of a variety of cancers, including
breast, ovarian and lung cancers, and we are currently conducting multi-center
Phase II/III clinical trials for LED for the treatment of breast and prostate
cancers.
In addition to LEP and LED, we have five other products under development.
Under our liposomal platform, we are preparing to file an investigational new
drug application for LE-AON, our liposome encapsulated gene inhibitor for
radiation resistant tumors, and we have initiated preclinical studies for
liposomal encapsulated epirubicin, or LEE, and liposomal encapsulated
mitoxantrone, or LEM. Under our tumor-targeting platform, we are currently in a
Phase I/II clinical trial for IL13-PE38, a tumor-targeting product for the
treatment of kidney cancer. In March 2000, we filed an investigational new drug
application for our other tumor-targeting product, SS1(dsFv)-PE38, and we expect
to commence Phase I/II clinical trials for SS1(dsFv)-PE38 for the treatment of
various cancers in the second quarter of 2000.
MARKET OVERVIEW
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. It is
estimated that 1.2 million people in the United States will be diagnosed with
cancer in 2000. The National Cancer Institute estimates the costs of cancer in
2000 to be $107 billion, including $37 billion in direct medical costs and
$11 billion for morbidity costs (i.e., the cost of lost productivity). The
worldwide cancer drug market was estimated at $16 billion in 1998, representing
15% growth from 1997. Despite the large sums of money spent on cancer, current
treatments are inadequate and improved cancer agents are needed.
Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled cell division resulting in the
growth of a mass of cells commonly known as a tumor. Cancerous tumors can arise
in almost any tissue or organ and cancer cells, if not eradicated, spread, or
metastasize, throughout the body. Cancer is believed to occur as a result of a
number of factors, including heredity and environmental factors.
For the most part, cancer treatment depends on the type of cancer and the
stage of disease progression. Generally, staging is based on the size of the
tumor and whether the cancer has metastasized. Following diagnosis, solid tumors
are typically surgically removed or the patient is given radiation therapy.
Chemotherapy is the principal treatment for tumors that are likely to or have
metastasized. Chemotherapy involves the administration of cytotoxic drugs, which
are designed to kill cancer cells, or the administration of hormones which
affect the growth of tumors.
Because in most cases metastatic cancer is fatal, cancer specialists attempt
to attack the cancer aggressively and with as many therapies as available and
with as much dosage as the patient can tolerate. Since chemotherapy attacks both
normal and cancerous cells, treatment often tends to result in complicating side
effects and a high level of toxicity. Additionally, cells which have been
exposed to several rounds of chemotherapy develop a resistance to the cancer
drugs that are being administered. This is known as "multi-drug resistance." The
side effects of chemotherapy often limit the effectiveness of treatment. Cancers
often recur and mortality rates remain high.
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Our products target a broad range of solid tumors. The table below shows the
incidence and mortality estimated for the year 2000 for various types of solid
tumor cancer:
CANCER INDICATION NEW CASES DEATHS
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Breast................................................... 184,200 41,200
Prostate................................................. 180,400 31,900
Lung..................................................... 164,100 156,900
Kidney................................................... 31,200 11,900
Head and Neck............................................ 30,200 7,800
Ovarian.................................................. 23,100 14,000
Brain.................................................... 16,500 13,000
Source: American Cancer Society, 2000 Cancer Facts and
Figures
BUSINESS STRATEGY
Our corporate strategy is to become a leader in the research, development
and commercialization of new and innovative anti-cancer treatments. Our strategy
involves the following elements:
FOCUS ON THE GROWING CANCER MARKET.
The worldwide cancer drug market was estimated at $16 billion in 1998,
representing 15% growth from 1997. Despite the large sums of money spent, cancer
is the second leading cause of death in the United States, and current
treatments remain inadequate. Given the life-threatening nature of cancer and
the lack of effective treatments, the FDA has adopted procedures to accelerate
the approval of cancer drugs. We intend to use our expertise in the field of
cancer research to target this significant market opportunity for cancer drug
development.
DEVELOP OUR EXISTING PRODUCT PORTFOLIO.
We have a portfolio of seven anti-cancer drugs, three of which are in
clinical trials. We are collaborating with PNU to develop and commercialize two
of these products. We intend to further develop our other five products both by
continuing to collaborate with leading corporate, governmental and educational
institutions and by expanding our internal resources. We believe this strategy
will maximize the commercial value of our products by giving us the option to
either directly market our products or to license our products on more favorable
terms.
CREATE NEW PRODUCTS BY CAPITALIZING ON OUR LIPOSOMAL TECHNOLOGY PLATFORM.
We intend to use our liposomal technology platform to create new products in
two ways: by extending the patent life of existing cancer drugs and by utilizing
our unique platform to develop new drugs. We believe that several widely used
cancer drugs are nearing patent expiration. Many of these drugs, while
effective, have been limited in their use because of adverse side effects and
difficulties in administration. Using our liposomal technology, we believe
opportunities exist for us to increase the usefulness of these compounds as
improved anti-cancer treatments. When a drug is combined with another agent or
delivery system in a novel way its patent life may be extended. Our LEP and LED
products are examples of this strategy.
We believe that our liposomal encapsulation technology may provide us with a
platform for the development of novel therapeutic agents for cancer drug
development. For example, we are developing LE-AON, the encapsulation of a gene
inhibitor associated with radiation resistant tumors, to treat various solid
tumors.
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REDUCE RISK BY HAVING A BROAD PORTFOLIO OF PRODUCTS.
We are currently developing seven products based on our liposomal and
tumor-targeting platforms. We are developing multiple products simultaneously in
order to reduce the impact of any single product failure. In addition, by
broadening our choices, we increase our flexibility to eliminate products which
we determine have less market potential while applying additional resources to
products which show promise.
DEVELOP SPECIALIZED SALES AND MARKETING CAPABILITIES FOR PROMOTION IN THE UNITED
STATES AND FORM STRATEGIC INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATIONS FOR FOREIGN MARKETING.
Under the terms of our license agreement with PNU, we will have the right to
purchase co-promotion rights for LEP and LED in the United States. We intend to
develop a specialized cancer sales and marketing capability within the United
States. With respect to foreign sales, we believe it will be advantageous to
enter into collaborations with established international drug companies. Such
collaborations will increase the likelihood of successful foreign
commercialization.
OUR TECHNOLOGY
LIPOSOMAL PLATFORM
We have discovered and patented a novel method for encapsulating drugs in
liposomes. Liposomes are microscopic spheres composed of lipid (or fat)
membranes. We believe that liposomes have the potential to improve intravenous
drug delivery. Liposomes are particularly suitable for the delivery of highly
toxic drugs, such as cancer drugs, because they are not absorbed by key organs,
like the heart or nervous system, thus avoiding toxicity to these critical
tissues. In contrast, unencapsulated cancer drugs are absorbed by most tissues
in the body and cause widespread toxicity. A drug encapsulated within a liposome
can be circulated in the bloodstream in higher concentrations and for longer
periods of time than an unencapsulated drug.
Conventional liposome technology has been limited by the difficulty and cost
of manufacturing liposomes as well as their instability and need for special
handling. We believe we have overcome these limitations through our development
of liposomes that have charged rather than neutral lipids. By encapsulating a
drug within an oppositely charged liposome, we achieve a powerful attraction
between these two agents which creates a stable molecule. Our technology allows
for the efficient encapsulation of a wide range of compounds. The resulting
product is less expensive and easier to manufacture and administer. Based on our
research to date, we believe we can improve the delivery of a variety of
anti-cancer therapies, including standard cancer drugs (particularly paclitaxel
and doxorubicin), genes, gene inhibitors, cytokines, and other biological
molecules.
We believe that our novel proprietary liposome technology provides a number
of advantages over previous liposome products, including the following:
- reduced toxicity at higher doses;
- increased stability, resulting in simplified handling and storage;
- reduced multi-drug resistance, thereby increasing cytotoxicity and
maximizing the killing of otherwise resistant cells; and
- broadened range of molecules that can be encapsulated.
TUMOR-TARGETING PLATFORM
We are also developing a novel tumor-targeting platform which is designed to
deliver toxins directly to cancer cells. This technology consists of a single
molecule composed of two parts: a tumor-targeting mechanism and a cytotoxic
agent. The key to making a useful tumor-targeting drug, however, is the use of a
targeting mechanism that kills tumor cells while leaving healthy cells unharmed.
Prior efforts in this field
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have been unsuccessful either because the drugs were not adequately targeted to
specific cancer cells or, even if properly targeted, they were not effective in
killing the cancer cells.
Working with the NIH and the FDA we have identified two highly selective
targeting mechanisms: Interleukin-13, referred to as IL13, and a mesothelin
monoclonal antibody, referred to as SS1(dsFv). Both IL13 and SS1(dsFv) target
receptors which are present in significantly higher numbers on tumor cells than
on healthy cells. Specifically, IL13 targets receptors in kidney cancer, brain
cancer, Kaposi's sarcoma and possibly breast cancer, and SS1(dsFv) targets
receptors in ovarian cancer and head and neck cancers. We use PE38 as the
cytotoxic component in both of our tumor-targeting products. We selected PE38
because of its effective cell killing action on a wide variety of tumor types.
Based upon our preclinical studies, we believe our tumor-targeting products
may provide the following benefits:
- specifically target tumor cells with minimal toxicity to healthy cells;
- work on cancer cells resistant to standard cancer treatments;
- kill slow growing tumors, which are often difficult to treat;
- overcome multi-drug resistance; and
- product stability and extended shelf life.
OUR PRODUCTS
We have utilized both our liposomal platform and our tumor-targeting
platform to develop a group of novel anti-cancer products. Presently, we have
three products in clinical trials and four in preclinical trials. The products
we are currently developing are detailed in the following table:
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POTENTIAL
PRODUCTS CANCER INDICATIONS DEVELOPMENT STATUS
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LIPOSOMAL PLATFORM
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LEP--Liposome Breast, Ovarian, Lung Entering Phase II/III
Encapsulated Paclitaxel
LED--Liposome Breast, Prostate, Blood Phase II/III
Encapsulated Doxorubicin
LE-AON-- Various solid tumors Preclinical
Liposome Encapsulated
Antisense Oligonucleotide
LEE--Liposome Breast, Blood Preclinical
Encapsulated Epirubicin
LEM--Liposome Prostate Preclinical
Encapsulated Mitoxantrone
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TUMOR-TARGETING PLATFORM
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IL13-PE38 Renal Cell, Brain, Kaposi's Phase I/II
Sarcoma, Breast
SS1(dsFv)-PE38 Ovarian, Head and Neck, Lung Preclinical
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LIPOSOMAL PLATFORM
LIPOSOME ENCAPSULATED PACLITAXEL
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION. LEP is a liposome encapsulated formulation of the
widely-used cancer drug, paclitaxel. Paclitaxel is marketed by Bristol-Myers
Squibb Company under the trade name "Taxol-Registered Trademark-" and is used in
the treatment of a number of tumors, including breast and lung cancer. Despite
paclitaxel's wide use and its anti-tumor characteristics, its effectiveness is
limited by its side effects, which can include nausea, vomiting, hair loss and
nerve and muscle pain. The low solubility of paclitaxel necessitates formulation
in a toxic mixture of castor oil and ethanol which requires premedication. In
addition, paclitaxel must be infused over a period of at least three hours.
We believe we have overcome many of the current limitations of paclitaxel by
utilizing cardiolipin, a naturally occurring negatively charged lipid found in
cardiac tissue, to increase the solubility of paclitaxel, thus eliminating the
need for administration of castor oil and ethanol and the accompanying
premedication. Since paclitaxel has a positive charge and cardiolipin has a
negative charge, cardiolipin combines with the paclitaxel to form a stable
product that can be freeze dried and easily reconstituted. We have been able to
standardize the preparation of cardiolipin through the development of a
proprietary form of synthetic cardiolipin. Based on preclinical studies, we
believe another potential advantage of LEP is the ability of cardiolipin to
overcome the resistance to cancer drugs developed by cells which have been
exposed to several rounds of chemotherapy. As a result, the cytotoxicity of LEP
against tumors increases significantly, maximizing the killing of otherwise
resistant cells.
MARKETS. In conjunction with PNU, we are developing LEP for those cancers
which are currently treated with Taxol: specifically, ovarian cancer and certain
forms of breast and lung cancer. We also believe that Taxol is being
investigated for use against a number of other cancers. Were Taxol to be
approved for additional indications, these would provide additional markets for
LEP. Bristol Myers' Taxol sales were $1.2 billion in 1998 and $1.5 billion in
1999, making it the largest selling cancer drug in the world.
DEVELOPMENT STATUS. We believe LEP is the first, and only, liposomal form
of paclitaxel to enter clinical trials. We completed our Phase I clinical trials
in March 2000. These Phase I trials, which involved 29 advanced stage cancer
patients, confirmed that LEP could be administered at higher levels than
paclitaxel is currently administered, with fewer side effects. Six patients have
experienced tumor reductions greater than 35%. The tumors in eight other
patients did not increase in size after 12 weeks, and in four of these eight
patients, the tumors were still stable in size one year later. Some patients
received significantly more cycles of LEP than can be given with uncapsulated
paclitaxel, and no patients showed signs of the nerve and muscle pain commonly
associated with paclitaxel. Two patients have received greater than 20 cycles of
LEP. Most patients did not experience the hair loss or nausea often associated
with paclitaxel treatment.
Currently, our collaboration partner, PNU, is initiating large scale
multi-center, multinational Phase II/III clinical trials. These Phase II/III
trials will test LEP as both a single and combination therapy for a variety of
solid tumors to determine its safety and efficacy.
LIPOSOME ENCAPSULATED DOXORUBICIN
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION. LED is a liposome encapsulated formulation of the
widely used cancer drug, doxorubicin. Doxorubicin is used to treat a number of
cancers including solid tumors and leukemia, a form of blood cancer. Though
effective in treating these and other cancers, doxorubicin may produce
irreversible heart damage. The risk of heart failure increases with increasing
total cumulative doses of doxorubicin. Doxorubicin also causes suppression of
white blood cell production, which may be dose limiting, and produces side
effects such as nausea, vomiting and hair loss. As we have done with LEP, we
have diminished these side effects by encapsulating doxorubicin using synthetic
cardiolipin. Since doxorubicin
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has a positive charge and cardiolipin has a negative charge, cardiolipin
combines with the doxorubicin to form a stable product that can be freeze dried
and easily reconstituted. We believe LED, unlike other liposomal doxorubicin
products currently available, will, because of its formulation with cardiolipin,
overcome the resistance to cancer drugs developed by cells which have been
exposed to several rounds of chemotherapy and will be easier to manufacture.
MARKETS. We intend to develop LED for breast, prostate and blood cancers.
DEVELOPMENT STATUS. In June 1998, we started Phase II clinical trials for
the treatment of advanced prostate cancer in 10 patients. After four rounds of
treatment, the level of prostate specific antigen, an indicator of the extent of
disease progression, decreased by greater than 35% in two patients and
stabilized in two other patients. These four patients reported a significant
reduction in pain. Our collaborative partner, PNU, is currently conducting
multi-center Phase II/III clinical trials of LED.
We completed a Phase I trial in May 1998, which confirmed that LED
demonstrated lower toxicity when compared to unencapsulated doxorubicin and
could be given at approximately double the current dose for doxorubicin.
LIPOSOME ENCAPSULATED ANTISENSE OLIGONUCLEOTIDES
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION. We have developed a liposome encapsulated antisense
cRaf oligonucleotide, LE-AON, which we believe inhibits the expression of the
cRaf protein and thus may have potential to enhance the effectiveness of
radiation in the treatment of certain cancers. cRaf is a protein which is
expressed at higher levels in cancer cells which are resistant to radiation
therapy than in healthy cells. By inhibiting expression of this gene, the cell
becomes more susceptible to radiation therapy. Our liposomes provide a non-viral
method of delivering the gene inhibitor into the cell. An additional advantage
of LE-AON is that it can be administered intravenously and is relatively easy to
manufacture.
MARKETS. We intend to develop LE-AON as a treatment for radiation resistant
tumors.
DEVELOPMENT STATUS. We have preclinical studies of LE-AON in progress
designed to enable us to undertake a Phase I clinical trial. In our preclinical
studies, intravenous administration of LE-AON inhibited cRaf gene expression in
tumor tissue. When LE-AON was given in combination with radiation treatment,
tumor regression for at least 27 days was observed.
LIPOSOMAL ENCAPSULATED EPIRUBICIN
Epirubicin is a drug that is widely used in Europe for the treatment of
breast cancer and was recently introduced in the U.S. market by our
collaborative partner, PNU. We have recently encapsulated epirubicin in our
liposomes and intend to evaluate its properties as a treatment for breast
cancer.
LIPOSOMAL ENCAPSULATED MITOXANTRONE
We recently encapsulated mitoxantrone in our liposomes. Mitoxantrone is used
for the treatment of prostate cancer and multiple sclerosis. We believe LEM will
demonstrate a safety and efficacy advantage over unencapsulated mitoxantrone.
Currently we are conducting preclinical studies to evaluate the profile of this
drug.
TUMOR-TARGETING PLATFORM
IL13-PE38
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION. IL13-PE38 is a tumor-targeting agent we are developing
for the treatment of kidney and brain cancers. Research by scientists at the FDA
and the NIH has demonstrated that some solid tumors express high numbers of IL13
receptors on their cell surfaces. IL13-PE38 links the cytotoxin
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PE38 to the tumor-targeting agent IL13. When administered, IL13-PE38 targets the
IL13 receptors, which are present in greater numbers in cancer cells than
healthy cells, and delivers the PE38 toxin to these cancer cells without harming
the healthy cells.
In October 1997, we entered into an exclusive worldwide licensing agreement
with the FDA and the NIH giving us rights to develop and commercialize
IL13-PE38. We also entered into a cooperative research and development agreement
with the FDA for the clinical and commercial development of IL13-PE38 as an
anti-cancer agent. We believe this is the first collaboration between the FDA
and a biopharmaceutical company.
MARKETS. We are evaluating IL13-PE38 as a treatment for kidney and brain
cancers.
DEVELOPMENT STATUS. In preclinical studies, IL13-PE38 has demonstrated
tumor regression in a number of cancers. We filed an investigational new drug
application for IL13-PE38 for the treatment of kidney cancer in June 1999 and
entered Phase I/II clinical trials in October 1999 for this indication. We filed
an investigational new drug application for brain cancer in March 2000 and
anticipate beginning Phase I/II clinical trials for brain cancer in the second
quarter of 2000.
SS1(DSFV)-PE38
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION. SS1(dsFv)-PE38 links the cytotoxin PE38 to the
antibody SS1(dsFv). As is the case with IL13, SS1(dsFv) targets specific
receptors on cancer cells and delivers the cytotoxin directly to the cancer
cells without effecting healthy cells. In March 1999, we executed a worldwide
exclusive licensing agreement with the NIH giving us rights to develop and
commercialize SS1(dsFv)-PE38. We also entered into a cooperative research and
development agreement with the NIH for the clinical and commercial development
of SS1(dsFv)-PE38 as an anti-cancer agent.
MARKETS. We are evaluating SS1(dsFv)-PE38 as a treatment for ovarian
cancer, head and neck cancer, and mesothelioma (a type of lung cancer).
DEVELOPMENT STATUS. In March 2000, we filed an investigational new drug
application for SS1(dsFv)-PE38 for the treatment of certain common cancers and
expect to commence Phase I/II clinical studies in ovarian cancer, lung cancer,
and head and neck cancers in the second quarter of 2000. In preclinical studies,
SS1(dsFv)-PE38 demonstrated very specific targeting to receptors for ovarian
cancer and head and neck cancer and a high level of toxicity. Preclinical
studies have shown a complete response rate in ovarian tumors.
COLLABORATIVE RELATIONSHIPS AND LICENSES
PNU LICENSE AGREEMENT
In February 1999, we signed a license agreement with PNU giving them certain
rights to develop and commercialize LEP and LED worldwide. The license agreement
provides for up to $69 million in payments to us from PNU, as follows:
- a $9 million non-refundable up-front payment on execution of the license
agreement;
- up to $52 million in milestone payments as clinical progress occurs; and
- an $8 million equity investment in our common stock.
For the domestic market, we have the right to purchase from PNU co-promotion
rights, in lieu of receiving royalties on domestic sales, for a price based upon
a percentage of PNU's development costs. Pursuant to the agreement we will also
receive a fixed royalty on overseas sales. PNU has assumed all further
responsibility for, and the costs associated with, the development and testing
of LEP and LED and the obtaining of all regulatory approvals. Thus far we have
received the $9 million non-refundable up-front
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payment upon execution of the license agreement, the $8 million equity
investment, a $2 million milestone payment in July 1999, for transferring the
investigational new drug applications for LED and LEP to PNU, and a $3 million
milestone payment in March 2000, upon initiation of the Phase II/III clinical
trials for LEP.
GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY AGREEMENTS.
We have entered into two license and sponsored research agreements with
Georgetown University relating to LED, LEP, and LE-AON. Under the Georgetown
licenses, and in return for sponsoring related research, we have been granted
exclusive licenses to manufacture and sell LED, LEP, and LE-AON. We are
obligated to pay royalties to Georgetown on commercial sales of these products.
In addition, we are obligated to make certain advance royalty payments, which
will be credited against future royalties. The Georgetown licenses are generally
not terminable by Georgetown, except in the event of a default. Our rights under
the Georgetown licenses with respect to LED and LEP have been sublicensed to
PNU.
NIH
In September 1997, we entered into an exclusive worldwide licensing
agreement with the NIH and the FDA whereby we were granted the right to develop
and commercialize IL13-PE38. The IL13-PE38 license required us to pay NIH an
initial $75,000 non-refundable payment and requires minimum annual royalty
payments to NIH of $10,000, which increase to $25,000 after the first commercial
sale. The IL13-PE38 license also provides for milestone payments and royalties
based on future product sales. While providing us with an exclusive license, it
should be noted that, as is typical in such agreements, neither the NIH nor the
FDA make any representations or warranties in the license agreement as to the
validity or enforceability of the licensed rights.
In March 1999, we entered into a license agreement with the NIH for
SS1(dsFv)-PE38. The terms and conditions of the SS1(dsFv)-PE38 license are
substantially the same as those of the NIH IL13-PE38 license described above. We
have also entered into a cooperative research and development agreement with the
NIH in May 1999, for SS1(dsFv)-PE38.
FDA
In August 1997, we entered into a cooperative research and development
agreement with the FDA covering the IL13-PE38 product which we licensed from the
NIH and FDA. Pursuant to the FDA agreement, we have undertaken to commercialize
IL13-PE38 and the FDA has agreed to collaborate on the clinical development and
commercialization of the licensed product. In addition, we are required to pay
$150,000 per year for expenses incurred by the FDA in carrying out its
responsibilities under this agreement. Research and development costs related to
this research totaled $100,000 in each of 1997 and 1998 and $150,000 in 1999.
This research agreement is scheduled to expire on August 27, 2001.
MANUFACTURING
We intend to develop manufacturing relationships with established
pharmaceutical manufacturers for the production of our liposome products,
IL13-PE38 and SS1(dsFv)-PE38. Currently, all five of our products are produced
at the Center for Advanced Drug Development at the University of Iowa Pharmacy
School which we believe has sufficient production capabilities to satisfy our
clinical trial needs through the end of clinical testing. While commercial
production of LEP and LED is expected to be handled by PNU, we have retained the
right, under the terms of our agreement with PNU, to supply any liposomal
products if we can do so at lower cost.
We have also entered into an exclusive supply agreement with Avanti Polar
Lipids, Inc. providing for the manufacture and supply of synthetic cardiolipin,
an important ingredient in our liposomal products. Under the terms of the
agreement, Avanti has agreed to supply us with synthetic cardiolipin in an
amount
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sufficient to commercialize our liposomal products. In addition, Avanti agreed
not to sell synthetic cardiolipin to competing third parties. Unless terminated
in accordance with its terms, the supply agreement will automatically renew for
additional two year terms on and after the initial expiration date of May 1,
2008. In the event that Avanti elects to terminate the manufacture of synthetic
cardiolipin, we have the right to obtain a non-exclusive license from Avanti to
allow us to continue the manufacture of synthetic cardiolipin.
In addition, there are a number of FDA approved suppliers of raw materials
used in our other products. There are also a number of facilities with FDA
approved current Good Manufacturing Practices for contract manufacturing of our
proposed products. We believe that, in the event of the termination of our
existing sources for product supplies and manufacture, we will be able to enter
into agreements with other suppliers and/or manufacturers on similar terms.
There can be no assurance that there will be manufacturing capacity available to
us at the time we are ready to manufacture our products.
PATENTS AND PROPRIETARY RIGHTS
We have exclusive licenses to nine United States patents or patent
applications relating to LEP, LED, LE-AON, IL13-PE38 and SS1(dsFv)-PE38, and we
own one pending United States application relating to LEP. We believe all of our
products under development are protected by patents licensed to us.
Patent protection is important to our business. The patent position of
companies in the pharmaceutical field generally is highly uncertain, involves
complex legal and factual questions, and has recently been the subject of much
litigation. There can be no assurance that any patent applications relating to
our products or processes will result in patents being issued, or that the
resulting patents, if any, will provide protection against competitors who
successfully challenge our patents, obtain patents that may have an adverse
effect on our ability to conduct business, or are able to circumvent our patent
position. It is possible that other parties have conducted or are conducting
research and could make discoveries of compounds or processes that would precede
any discoveries made by us which could prevent us from obtaining patent
protection for these discoveries. Finally, there can be no assurance that others
will not independently develop similar pharmaceutical products which will
compete against ours or cause our products to become obsolete.
Our competitive position is also dependent upon unpatented trade secrets. In
an effort to protect our trade secrets, we have a policy of requiring our
employees, scientific advisory board members, consultants and advisors to
execute proprietary information and invention assignment agreements upon
commencement of employment or consulting relationships with us. These agreements
provide that all confidential information developed or made known to the
individual during the course of their relationship with us must be kept
confidential, except in specified circumstances. There can be no assurance,
however, that these agreements will provide meaningful protection for our trade
secrets or other proprietary information in the event of unauthorized use or
disclosure of confidential information. Further, invention assignment agreements
executed by scientific advisory board members, consultants and advisors may
conflict with, or be subject to, the rights of third parties with whom such
individuals have employment or consulting relationships. In addition, there can
be no assurance that others will not independently develop substantially
equivalent proprietary information and techniques or otherwise gain access to
our trade secrets, that such trade secrets will not be disclosed or that we can
effectively protect our rights to unpatented trade secrets.
We may be required to obtain licenses to patents or proprietary rights of
others. No assurance can be given that any licenses required under any such
patents or proprietary rights would be made available on terms acceptable to us
or at all. If we do not obtain such licenses, we could encounter delays in
product market introductions while we attempt to design around such patents, or
could find that the development, manufacture or sale of products requiring such
licenses could be foreclosed. Litigation may be necessary to defend against or
assert claims of infringement to enforce patents issued to us or exclusively
licensed to us,
11
to protect trade secrets or know-how owned by us, or to determine the scope and
validity of the proprietary rights of others. In addition, we may become
involved in oppositions or interference proceedings declared by the United
States Patent and Trademark Office to determine the priority of inventions with
respect to our patent applications or those of our licensors. Litigation,
opposition or interference proceedings could result in substantial costs to and
diversion of effort by, and may have a material adverse impact on, us. In
addition, there can be no assurance that our efforts will be successful.
GOVERNMENT REGULATION
Regulation by governmental authorities in the United States and foreign
countries is a significant factor in the development, manufacture and marketing
of our proposed products and in our ongoing research and product development
activities. The nature and extent to which such regulation will apply to us will
vary depending on the nature of any products developed. It is anticipated that
all of our products will require regulatory approval by governmental agencies
prior to commercialization. In particular, human therapeutic products are
subject to rigorous preclinical and clinical testing and other approval
procedures of the FDA and similar regulatory authorities in foreign countries.
Various federal statutes and regulations also govern or influence testing,
manufacturing, safety, labeling, storage and record-keeping related to such
products and their marketing. The process of obtaining these approvals and the
subsequent compliance with the appropriate federal statutes and regulations
requires the expenditure of substantial time and financial resources. Any
failure by us or our collaborators to obtain, or any delay in obtaining,
regulatory approval could adversely affect the marketing of any products
developed by us, our ability to receive product revenues and our liquidity and
capital resources.
The development, manufacture, marketing and distribution of drug products is
extensively regulated by the FDA in the U.S. and similar regulatory agencies in
other countries. The steps ordinarily required before a new drug may be marketed
in the U.S., which are similar to steps required in most other countries,
include:
- preclinical laboratory tests, preclinical studies in animals, formulation
studies and the submission to the FDA of an investigational new drug
application;
- adequate and well-controlled clinical trials to establish the safety and
efficacy of the drug for each indication;
- the submission of a new drug application to the FDA; and
- FDA review and approval of the new drug application.
Preclinical tests include laboratory evaluation of product chemistry
toxicity and formulation, as well as animal studies. The results of preclinical
testing are submitted to the FDA as part of an investigational new drug
application. A 30-day waiting period after the filing of each investigational
new drug application is required prior to the commencement of clinical testing
in humans. At any time during this 30-day period or at any time thereafter, the
FDA may halt proposed or ongoing clinical trials until the FDA authorizes trials
under specified terms. The investigational new drug application process may be
extremely costly and substantially delay development of our products. Moreover,
positive results of preclinical tests will not necessarily indicate positive
results in subsequent clinical trials.
Clinical trials to support new drug applications are typically conducted in
three sequential phases, although the phases may overlap. During Phase I,
clinical trials are conducted with a small number of subjects to assess
metabolism, pharmacokinetics and pharmacological actions and safety, including
side effects associated with increasing doses. Phase II usually involves studies
in a limited patient population to:
- assess the efficacy of the drug in specific, targeted indications;
- assess dosage tolerance and optimal dosage; and
- identify possible adverse effects and safety risks.
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If a compound is found to be potentially effective and to have an acceptable
safety profile in Phase II evaluations, Phase III trials are undertaken to
further demonstrate clinical efficacy and to further test for safety within an
expanded patient population at geographically dispersed clinical trial sites.
After successful completion of the required clinical trials, a new drug
application is generally submitted. The FDA may request additional information
before accepting a new drug application for filing, in which case the
application must be resubmitted with the additional information. Once the
submission has been accepted for filing, the FDA reviews the application and
responds to the applicant. The review process is often significantly extended by
FDA requests for additional information or clarification. The FDA may refer the
new drug application to an appropriate advisory committee for review, evaluation
and recommendation as to whether the application should be approved, but the FDA
is not bound by the recommendation of an advisory committee.
If the FDA evaluations of the new drug application and the manufacturing
facilities are favorable, the FDA may issue an approval letter or an
"approvable" letter. An approvable letter will usually contain a number of
conditions that must be met in order to secure final approval of the new drug
application and authorization of commercial marketing of the drug for certain
indications. The FDA may also refuse to approve the new drug application or
issue a "not approvable" letter outlining the deficiencies in the submission and
often requiring additional testing or information.
On November 21, 1997, President Clinton signed into law the Food and Drug
Administration Modernization Act. That act codified the FDA's policy of granting
"fast track" approval for cancer therapies and other therapies intended to treat
severe or life threatening diseases and having potential to address unmet
medical needs. Previously, the FDA approved cancer therapies primarily based on
patient survival rates or data on improved quality of life. The FDA considered
evidence of partial tumor shrinkage, while often part of the data relied on for
approval, insufficient by itself to warrant approval of a cancer therapy, except
in limited situations. Under the FDA's new policy, which became effective on
February 19, 1998, the FDA has broadened authority to consider evidence of
partial tumor shrinkage or other clinical outcomes for approval. This new policy
is intended to facilitate the study of cancer therapies and shorten the total
time for marketing approvals. We intend to take advantage of this policy;
however, it is too early to tell what effect, if any, these provisions may have
on the approval of our products.
Under the Orphan Drug Act, the FDA may designate drug products as orphan
drugs if there is no reasonable expectation of recovery of the costs of research
and development from sales in the United States or if such drugs are intended to
treat a rare disease or condition, which is defined as a disease or condition
that affects less than 200,000 persons in the United States. If certain
conditions are met, designation as an orphan drug confers upon the sponsor
marketing exclusivity for seven years following FDA approval of the product,
meaning that the FDA cannot approve another version of the "same" product for
the same use during such seven year period. The market exclusivity provision
does not, however, prevent the FDA from approving a different orphan drug for
the same use or the same orphan drug for a different use. The Orphan Drug Act
has been controversial, and many legislative proposals have from time to time
been introduced in Congress to modify various aspects of the Orphan Drug Act,
particularly the market exclusivity provisions. There can be no assurance that
new legislation will not be introduced in the future that may adversely impact
the availability or attractiveness of orphan drug status for any of our
products.
Sales outside the United States of products we develop will also be subject
to regulatory requirements governing human clinical trials and marketing for
drugs and biological products and devices. The requirements vary widely from
country to country, but typically the registration and approval process takes
several years and requires significant resources. In most cases, if the FDA has
not approved a product for sale in the United States the product may be exported
for sale outside of the United States only if it has been approved in any one of
the following countries: the European Union, Canada, Australia, New
13
Zealand, Japan, Israel, Switzerland and South Africa. There are specific FDA
regulations that govern this process.
We are also subject to various Federal, state and local laws, regulations
and recommendations relating to safe working conditions, laboratory
manufacturing practices and the use and disposal of hazardous or potentially
hazardous substances, including radioactive compounds and infectious disease
agents, used in connection with the our research work. The extent of government
regulation that might result from future legislation or administrative action
cannot be predicted accurately.
RISK FACTORS
You should carefully consider the following risk factors, in addition to the
other information set forth in this prospectus, before purchasing shares of our
common stock. Each of these risk factors could adversely affect our business,
operating results and financial condition, as well as adversely affect the value
of an investment in our common stock. This investment involves a high degree of
risk.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESS
IF WE ARE UNSUCCESSFUL IN DEVELOPING OUR PRODUCTS, OUR BUSINESS, FINANCIAL
CONDITION AND OPERATING RESULTS WILL BE ADVERSELY AFFECTED.
Our research and development programs are at various stages. We will need to
conduct substantial additional research in order to develop our products, and we
do not know whether our research and development will lead to commercially
viable products that are shown to be safe and effective in clinical trials. Our
products will also require clinical testing, regulatory approval and substantial
additional investment prior to commercialization. Our products are subject to
the risks of failure inherent in the development of pharmaceutical products.
These risks include the following:
- some of our products may be found to be unsafe or ineffective, or may fail
to receive the necessary regulatory clearances in a timely fashion, if at
all;
- our products, if safe and effective, may be difficult to manufacture on a
large scale or may be uneconomical to market;
- the proprietary rights of our competitors may prevent us from marketing
some of our products; and
- competitors may market more effective or less costly products for
treatment of the same diseases.
As a result, we do not know whether we will successfully develop any of our
products, or if our products will become commercially viable or achieve market
acceptance. Also, we have only limited experience in conducting clinical trials
and with the regulatory process.
We have experienced delays in our testing and development schedules, and our
expected testing and development schedules may not be met. Any such delays could
adversely affect our product development efforts.
WE HAVE BEEN OPERATING AT A LOSS AND EXPECT TO INCUR SIGNIFICANT FUTURE LOSSES.
We have only a limited history and our operations consist primarily of the
development of our products and the sponsorship of research and clinical trials.
Until 1999, we had incurred losses every year since we began operations and as
of December 31, 1999, our accumulated deficit was approximately $1,706,000. We
have not generated revenues from the sale of products. Until we executed our
agreement with PNU, we generated only limited amounts of revenue from our
license fees. We cannot predict when or if we will be able to develop other
sources of revenue or when or if our operations will become profitable, even if
we are able to commercialize some of our products.
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IF WE LOSE OUR COLLABORATIVE PARTNERS, OR IF THEY DO NOT APPLY ADEQUATE
RESOURCES TO OUR COLLABORATIONS, OUR PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT EFFORTS AND
PROFITABILITY MAY SUFFER. IN PARTICULAR, ADVERSE DEVELOPMENTS IN OUR
RELATIONSHIP WITH PNU CAN HAVE A SIGNIFICANT AND ADVERSE EFFECT ON US AND OUR
STOCK PRICE.
Our business strategy includes entering into additional collaborations with
academic, governmental and corporate partners, primarily pharmaceutical
companies, for the research, development, manufacturing, marketing and other
commercialization activities relating to certain of our products. If we lose our
collaborative partners, or if they do not apply adequate resources in our
collaborations, our product development and profitability may suffer.
We have entered into an important corporate collaboration with PNU covering
our most advanced products, LEP and LED. Adverse developments in our
relationship with PNU can have a significant and adverse effect on us and our
stock price. Pursuant to our agreement with PNU, we have granted them the
exclusive license to manufacture, develop, use, market and sell LEP and LED
outside of the United States; within the United States, and in lieu of domestic
royalty payments, we have the right to purchase co-promotion rights for these
products from PNU. As a result of our agreement with PNU, we are dependent on
PNU to fund testing, to make certain regulatory filings and to manufacture and
market existing and any future products resulting from this collaboration.
Pursuant to our agreement with the FDA, the FDA has agreed to collaborate on the
clinical development and commercialization of the IL13-PE38 product and we are
obligated to pay $150,000 per year for expenses incurred by the FDA in carrying
out its responsibilities under that agreement.
The resources dedicated by PNU, the FDA and our other partners to our
respective collaborations is not within our control. If any collaborator
breaches or terminates their agreement with us, or fails to conduct their
collaborative activities in a timely manner, the commercialization of products
could be slowed down or halted. We cannot assure you that PNU or our other
collaborative partners will not change their strategic focus, or pursue
alternate technologies or develop competitive products, either on their own or
in collaboration with others, as a means for treating the diseases targeted by
these collaborative programs. Additionally, PNU is expected to merge with
Monsanto Company in the coming months, which could impact our relationship with
PNU in ways we cannot predict. Our revenues and earnings also will be dependent
on the effectiveness of our collaborative partners in marketing any successfully
developed products.
We cannot assure you that our collaborations with PNU or others will
continue or succeed or that we will receive any further research funding or
milestone or royalty payments. If our partners do not develop products under
these collaborations, we cannot assure you that we would be able to do so on our
own. Disputes may arise between us and PNU, or our other collaborators, as to a
variety of matters, including financial or other obligations under our
contracts, the most promising scientific or regulatory route to pursue or
ownership of intellectual property rights. These disputes may be both expensive
and time consuming and may result in delays in the development and
commercialization of our products.
COMPETITION IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL FIELD IS INTENSE AND SUBJECT TO RAPID
TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE, WHICH COULD RESULT IN OUR COMPETITORS DEVELOPING PRODUCTS
SUPERIOR TO OURS.
The extent to which any of our products achieve market acceptance will
depend, in part, on competitive factors. Competition in our industry is intense,
and it is increased by the rapid pace of technological development. Existing
products or new products developed by our competitors may be more effective, or
be more effectively marketed and sold, than any that we may develop. Many of our
competitors have substantially greater research and development capabilities and
experience and greater manufacturing, marketing, financial and managerial
resources than do we. Competitive products may render our technology and
products obsolete or noncompetitive prior to our recovery of research,
development or commercialization expenses incurred with respect to any such
products.
15
WE REQUIRE SUBSTANTIAL FUNDS AND IT IS LIKELY WE WILL NEED TO RAISE ADDITIONAL
CAPITAL IN THE FUTURE.
We require substantial funds to conduct research and development,
preclinical and clinical testing and to manufacture and market our proposed
products. Our fixed commitments, including consulting fees, rent, payments under
license agreements and other contractual commitments are substantial and are
likely to increase. Our cash requirements may vary materially from those now
planned. We may seek to satisfy our future funding requirements through
additional public or private offerings of securities, collaborative arrangements
with corporate partners or from other sources.
Additional financing may not be available when we need it or be on terms
acceptable to us. If adequate financing is not available, we may be required to
delay, scale back or eliminate certain of our research and development programs,
to relinquish rights to some of our technologies or products, or to license to
third parties to commercialize products or technologies that we would otherwise
seek to develop ourselves. If additional capital is raised through the sale of
equity or debt securities, the percentage ownership of our stockholders will be
reduced and such securities may have rights, preferences or privileges superior
to those of our other stockholders.
WE DEPEND ON THIRD PARTIES FOR A VARIETY OF FUNCTIONS, INCLUDING THE RESEARCH
AND DEVELOPMENT, MANUFACTURING, CLINICAL TESTING AND REGULATORY COMPLIANCE OF
OUR PRODUCTS. WE CANNOT ASSURE YOU THAT THESE ARRANGEMENTS WILL PROVIDE US WITH
THE BENEFITS WE EXPECT.
We rely, in part, on third parties to perform a variety of functions,
including research and development, clinical trials and regulatory affairs
management and production of our products. As of March 3, 2000, we had only 6
full-time employees. We currently do not have internal clinical testing or
regulatory capability. If we develop compounds with commercial potential, we
will either have to hire additional personnel skilled in the clinical testing
and the regulatory compliance processes or engage third parties to perform such
services. We currently are a party to several agreements which place substantial
responsibility on third parties for clinical development of our products. We
also in-license technology from govermental and academic institutions in order
to minimize investments in early research, and we enter into collaborative
arrangements with certain of these entities with respect to clinical trials of
products. We cannot assure you that we will be able to maintain any of these
relationships or establish new ones on beneficial terms, that we can enter into
these arrangements without undue delays or expenditures, or that these
arrangements will allow us to compete successfully.
Currently, five of our products are produced at the Center for Advanced Drug
Development which is affiliated with the University of Iowa Pharmacy School. The
Center has indicated that it is currently able to meet our needs for research
and clinical trials. In order to commercialize our products successfully, we or
our collaborators must be able to manufacture products in commercial quantities,
in compliance with regulatory requirements, at acceptable costs and in a timely
manner. However, we can give no assurance that we will be able to enter into
such manufacturing arrangements in the future on commercially reasonable terms,
if at all.
WE DO NOT HAVE MARKETING OR SALES RESOURCES, WHICH MAKES US DEPENDENT ON THIRD
PARTIES FOR THEIR EXPERTISE IN THIS AREA.
We have no experience in sales, marketing or distribution. To date, our
focus has been on research and development and we currently do not have internal
marketing or sales resources. If we receive the required regulatory approvals,
we expect to market and sell our products principally through distribution
co-marketing, co-promotion or licensing arrangements with third parties. Our
agreement with PNU grants PNU exclusive marketing rights with respect to LED and
LEP outside the United States, although we have the option in the United States,
and in lieu of domestic royalty payments, to purchase co-promotion rights for
these products from PNU. To the extent that we enter into distribution,
co-marketing, co-promotion or licensing arrangements for the marketing and sale
of our products, any revenues we receive will depend primarily on the efforts of
these third parties. We will not control the amount and timing of marketing
16
resources such third parties devote to our products. In addition, if we market
products directly, significant additional expenditures and management resources
will be required to develop an internal sales force. We cannot assure you that
we would be able to establish a successful sales force should we choose to do
so.
IF SUFFICIENT QUANTITIES OF THE MATERIALS NEEDED TO MAKE OUR PRODUCTS ARE NOT
AVAILABLE, PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT AND COMMERCIALIZATION COULD BE SLOWED OR STOPPED.
We cannot assure you that sufficient quantities of the materials needed to
make our products will be available to support continued research, development
or commercial manufacture of our products. We currently obtain synthetic
cardiolipin, an important ingredient in our liposomal products, from a single
source, Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc. We have entered into an exclusive supply
agreement with Avanti that will supply us with all of our synthetic cardiolipin
requirements, however, we cannot assure you that Avanti will be able to supply
sufficient quantities of synthetic cardiolipin. In the event that Avanti elects
to terminate this supply agreement or cannot supply sufficient quantities to us,
we have a right under the agreement to obtain a non-exclusive license from
Avanti that will allow us to continue the manufacture of synthetic cardiolipin.
In such an event, we cannot assure you that we will have the capability to
manufacture sufficient quantities of synthetic cardiolipin or that we will be
able to obtain an alternate supplier. Regulatory requirements applicable to
pharmaceutical products tend to make changes in suppliers costly and time
consuming. The unavailability of adequate commercial quantities, the termination
of existing supply agreements, the loss of a supplier's regulatory approval, the
inability to develop alternative sources, a reduction or interruption in supply
or a significant increase in the price of materials could impair our ability to
manufacture and commercialize our products, which could adversely affect our
business.
WE MAY NOT BE ABLE TO PROTECT OUR PATENTS AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION.
Because of the substantial length of time and expense associated with
bringing new products through development and regulatory approval to the
marketplace, patent and trade secret protection for new technologies, products
and processes is essential to us. We have obtained exclusive licenses to nine
United States patents or patent applications relating to LEP, LED, LE-AON,
IL13-PE38 and SS1(dsFv)-PE38 and we own one pending United States patent
application relating to LEP. With respect to these patents and patent
applications, however, no assurance can be given that:
- any patents under any currently pending or future applications will be
issued;
- the scope of any patent protection will exclude competitors or provide
competitive advantages to us;
- any of our patents that may be issued or patents licensed to us will be
held valid or will not be limited in scope if subsequently challenged;
- our exclusive licenses will not be terminated;
- others will not claim rights in or ownership to the patents and other
proprietary rights held by us;
- others will not independently develop substantially equivalent proprietary
information or otherwise obtain access to our know-how; or
- others will not be issued patents that require licensing and the payment
of significant fees or royalties by us.
Our commercial success depends to a large extent on our ability to operate
without infringing the patents and proprietary rights of other. We may incur
substantial costs in defending ourselves in suits that may be brought against us
claiming infringement of the patent rights of others, in asserting our patent
rights in a suit against another party, or in participating in opposition or
interference proceedings declared by the United States Patent and Trademark
Office for the purpose of determining the priority of invention in connection
with our patent applications or those of others. If we lose, we may be
prohibited from pursuing research, development or commercialization of our
products or be forced to seek licenses, which
17
may not be available on commercially reasonable terms, if at all, or be
subjected to significant liabilities to third parties. Any of these events
could, have a material adverse effect on us.
Finally, we also rely on trade secrets, know-how and technological
advantages to protect the technology we develop. Although we use confidentiality
agreements and employee proprietary information and invention assignment
agreements to protect our trade secrets and other unpatented know-how, these
agreements may be breached or may otherwise be of limited effectiveness or
enforceability. Litigation to protect our trade secrets and other unpatented
know-how could result in significant costs to us as well as the diversion of
management's attention away from our business. Adverse determinations in any
such proceedings or unauthorized disclosure of our trade secrets could adversely
affect our business. In addition, the laws of certain foreign countries do not
protect our intellectual property rights to the same extent as the laws of the
United States. We cannot assure you that we will be able to protect our
intellectual property in these markets.
CERTAIN OF OUR EXECUTIVE OFFICERS HAVE CONFLICTING OBLIGATIONS AND MAY NOT
DEVOTE SUFFICIENT TIME TO OUR BUSINESS.
Messrs. John N. Kapoor, Mahendra Shah and Kevin M. Harris, who each hold
executive positions with us, are also associated with EJ Financial
Enterprises, Inc., a health care investment firm which is wholly owned by John
N. Kapoor, and therefore will have conflicts of interest in allocating their
time among various business activities and may have legal obligations to
multiple entities. On July 1, 1994, we entered into a consulting agreement with
EJ Financial. The consulting agreement provides that we will pay EJ Financial
$125,000 per year (paid quarterly) for certain business and financial services,
including having certain officers of EJ Financial serve as our officers. EJ
Financial is involved in the management of health care companies in various
fields, and Messrs. Kapoor, Shah and Harris are involved in various capacities
with the management and operation of these companies. The John N. Kapoor Trust,
dated September 20, 1989, the beneficiary of which is Dr. John Kapoor, is a
principal shareholder of each of these companies and us. The John N. Kapoor
Trust and other entities controlled by or affiliated with John N. Kapoor
beneficially own approximately 36% of our outstanding shares of common stock,
prior to this offering.
Mr. Harris, our Chief Financial Officer, is also the Director of Taxes and
Planning of EJ Financial. Accordingly, Mr. Harris will not devote all of his
working hours to our affairs. In addition, EJ Financial is involved with other
companies in the cancer field. Although these companies are pursuing different
therapeutic approaches for the treatment of cancer, discoveries made by one or
more of these companies could render our products less competitive or obsolete.
Two of our key products have been obtained under license agreements with
Georgetown University. Dr. Aquilur Rahman, our Chief Scientific Officer and one
of our directors, was formerly an associate professor of pathology and
pharmacology at Georgetown University. While employed by Georgetown, Dr. Rahman
entered into an agreement with Georgetown relating to the ownership of
inventions and other intellectual property developed while in Georgetown's
employ. This relationship may pose a conflict of interest for Dr. Rahman. As
part of his agreement with Georgetown University, Dr. Rahman has advised us that
Georgetown University may share with him payments which Georgetown receives from
us under our license agreements with Georgetown. While there were no royalty
payments to Georgetown University by us in 1999, as a result of our entering
into a license agreement with PNU in February 1999, a payment of $800,000 was
made to Georgetown University. Additionally, if regulatory approval is obtained
in the future for LED and LEP, royalty payments, which could be substantial,
would be made by us to Georgetown, a portion of which may be paid to
Dr. Rahman.
IF WE LOSE KEY MANAGEMENT AND SCIENTIFIC PERSONNEL OR ARE UNABLE TO ATTRACT AND
RETAIN THE TALENT REQUIRED FOR OUR BUSINESS, OUR BUSINESS COULD SUFFER.
We are highly dependent on the principal members of our management and
scientific staff, including our President, Mr. James M. Hussey, and our Chief
Scientific Officer, Dr. Aquilur Rahman, the loss of
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whose services might delay product development or the achievement of our
strategic objectives. Our success will depend on our ability to attract and
retain qualified scientific, technical and managerial personnel. There is
intense competition for qualified staff and we cannot assure you that we will be
able to retain existing personnel or attract and retain qualified staff in the
future.
OUR LACK OF OPERATING EXPERIENCE MAY CAUSE US DIFFICULTY IN MANAGING OUR GROWTH.
We have no experience in selling pharmaceutical products and only limited
experience in negotiating, establishing and maintaining collaborative
relationships, in manufacturing or procuring products in commercial quantities
and conducting other later-stage phases of the regulatory approval process. Our
ability to manage our growth, if any, will require us to improve and expand our
management and our operational and financial systems and controls. If our
management is unable to manage growth effectively, our business and financial
condition would be adversely affected. In addition, if rapid growth occurs, it
may strain our operational, managerial and financial resources.
OUR BUSINESS IS SUBJECT TO EXTENSIVE GOVERNMENTAL REGULATION AND WE MUST OBTAIN
APPROVALS FROM GOVERNMENTAL AGENCIES.
Governmental authorities in the United States and other countries regulate
our research, testing, manufacturing, labeling, distribution, marketing and
advertising activities. The FDA and comparable agencies in foreign countries
impose substantial requirements on our ability to introduce pharmaceutical
products through lengthy and detailed laboratory and clinical testing
procedures, sampling procedures, sampling activities and other costly and
time-consuming procedures. Our proprietary products may require substantial
clinical trials and FDA review.
We cannot predict if or when we might submit for regulatory review our
products currently under development. Once we submit our potential products for
review, we do not know whether the FDA or other regulatory agencies will grant
approvals for any of our pharmaceutical products on a timely basis or at all. A
delay in obtaining or the failure to obtain these approvals may adversely affect
our business. The FDA's policy of granting "fast track" approval for cancer
therapies may reduce the risk of delays in the approval process of our products,
but the policy may also expedite the regulatory approval of our competitors'
products. If we fail to comply with regulatory requirements, we could be
subjected to regulatory or judicial enforcement actions, including product
recalls or seizures, injunctions, civil penalties, criminal prosecution,
refusals to approve new products, withdrawal of approvals, and product liability
exposure. Sales of our products outside the United States will be subject to
regulatory requirements governing clinical trials and marketing approval. These
requirements vary widely from country to country and could delay the
introduction of our products in those countries.
MEMBERS OF OUR SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY BOARD COMMIT ONLY A PORTION OF THEIR TIME TO
OUR BUSINESS AND RESEARCH ACTIVITIES AND WE MAY NOT HAVE RIGHTS TO THEIR
INVENTIONS OR DISCOVERIES.
Members of our scientific advisory board are employed on a full-time basis
by academic or research institutions. These individuals will devote only a
portion of their time to our business and research activities. Except for work
performed specifically for and at our direction, the inventions or processes
discovered by our consultants and scientific advisors will not become our
property but will be the intellectual property of other institutions with which
they may have an affiliation. If this happens, we would have to obtain licenses
to such technology from such institutions. In addition, invention assignment
agreements executed by scientific advisory board members and consultants in
connection with their relationships with us may be subject to the rights of
their primary employers or other third parties with whom such individuals have
consulting relationships.
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THE DEMAND FOR OUR PRODUCTS MAY BE ADVERSELY AFFECTED BY HEALTH CARE REFORM AND
POTENTIAL LIMITATIONS ON THIRD-PARTY REIMBURSEMENT.
In recent years, there have been numerous proposals to change the health
care system in the United States. Some of these proposals have included measures
that would limit or eliminate payments for medical procedures and treatments or
subject the pricing of pharmaceuticals to government control. We cannot predict
the effect that health care reforms may have on our business, and it is possible
that any reforms will hurt our business. In addition, in both the United States
and elsewhere, sales of prescription pharmaceuticals are dependent in part on
the availability of reimbursement to the consumer from third-party payors, such
as government and private insurance plans. Third-party payors are increasingly
challenging the prices charged for medical products and services with respect to
new drug products in particular. If we or any of our collaborators succeed in
bringing one of our products to the market, we cannot be certain that our
products will be considered cost-effective and that reimbursement to the
consumer will be available or will be sufficient to allow us or our
collaborators to sell our products on a competitive basis.
ACCEPTANCE OF OUR PRODUCTS IN THE MARKETPLACE IS UNCERTAIN, AND FAILURE TO
ACHIEVE MARKET ACCEPTANCE WILL HARM OUR BUSINESS
Even if approved for marketing, our products may not achieve market
acceptance. The degree of market acceptance of our products will depend upon a
number of factors, including:
- the receipt of regulatory approvals for the uses that we are studying;
- the establishment and demonstration in the medical community of the safety
and clinical efficacy of our products and their potential advantages over
existing therapeutic products; and
- pricing and reimbursement policies of government and third-party payors
such as insurance companies, health maintenance organizations and other
plan administrators.
Physicians, patients, payors or the medical community in general may be
unwilling to accept, utilize or recommend any of our products.
WE DEAL WITH HAZARDOUS MATERIALS AND MUST COMPLY WITH ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND
REGULATIONS, WHICH CAN BE EXPENSIVE AND RESTRICT HOW WE DO BUSINESS. WE COULD
ALSO BE LIABLE FOR DAMAGES, PENALTIES OR OTHER FORMS OF CENSURE IF WE ARE
INVOLVED IN A HAZARDOUS WASTE SPILL OR OTHER ACCIDENT.
We are subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations governing
the use, manufacture, storage, handling and disposal of hazardous materials and
certain waste products. While we currently outsource our research and
development programs involving the controlled use of biohazardous materials, we
might be required to incur significant cost to comply with environmental laws
and regulations if we conduct such programs. In the event of an accident, even
by a third party, we could be held liable for any damages that result, and such
liability would probably exceed our current insurance coverage and financial
resources.
WE MAY HAVE PRODUCT LIABILITY EXPOSURE.
We currently do not have any product liability insurance and our business
exposes us to potential product liability risks which are inherent in the
testing, manufacturing and marketing of human therapeutic products. Although we
plan to obtain product liability insurance when and if our products become
commercially available, there can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain
or maintain this insurance on acceptable terms or that any insurance we obtain
will provide us with adequate coverage against potential liabilities. Claims or
losses in excess of any liability insurance coverage we obtain could have a
material adverse effect on our business.
20
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
The Company's administrative offices are located in approximately 2158
square feet of subleased office space in Bannockburn, Illinois. This subleased
space is provided to the Company at a market rate rent by Option Care, Inc, an
affiliate of the Company's Chairman and principal shareholder, John N. Kapoor.
Until moving to the Bannockburn location in November of 1997, the Company
occupied office space in Lake Forest, Illinois. This space was provided as part
of a consulting agreement with EJ Financial. (See Note 8-"Transactions with
Related Parties" in Notes to Financial Statements).
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
The Company is not a party to any litigation or other legal proceedings.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITIES HOLDERS
No matters were submitted to a vote of security holders during the quarter
ended December 31, 1999.
PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
From January 25, 1996 until December 2, 1996 the Company's Common Stock was
quoted on the Nasdaq Stock Market's SmallCap Market under the trading symbol
NPRM. Beginning on December 2, 1996, and continuing through the date of this
report, the Common Stock has been traded on the American Stock Exchange ("AMEX")
under the symbol NEO.
1998 HIGH LOW
- ---- ------------ ------------
First Quarter............................................... 5 3/4 3 3/4
Second Quarter.............................................. 4 15/16 2 15/16
Third Quarter............................................... 4 1/2 2
Fourth Quarter.............................................. 13 1/4 3 5/8
1999 HIGH LOW
- ---- ------------ ------------
First Quarter............................................... 19 7/8 10
Second Quarter.............................................. 21 5/8 14 1/4
Third Quarter............................................... 18 3/4 12 7/8
Fourth Quarter.............................................. 21 9/16 13 1/8
As of March 3, 2000, there were 65 holders of record of the Common Stock,
and the Company estimates that as of such date there were more than 1,300
beneficial holders of the Common Stock. The Company has never paid a cash
dividend on its Common Stock and has no present intention of paying cash
dividends in the foreseeable future. Any determination in the future to pay
dividends will depend on the Company's financial condition, capital
requirements, results of operations, contractual limitations and other factors
deemed relevant by the Board of Directors.
21
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
-------------------------------------------------------------------
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
Statement of Operations Data:
Revenues........................................... $ -- $ -- $ 550,000 $ -- $11,000,000
Operating expenses:
Research and development........................... 1,068,683 1,099,631 1,411,692 1,611,343 3,758,980
General and administrative......................... 244,901 956,924 1,370,486 1,691,132 2,446,926
Income/(loss) from operations...................... (1,313,584) (2,056,555) (2,232,178) (3,302,475) 4,794,094
Interest income.................................... $ -- $ 238,275 $ 210,501 $ 88,752 626,508
Interest expense................................... (356,043) (47,365) -- -- (2,126)
Interest income (expense)-net...................... (356,043) 190,910 210,501 88,752 624,382
Income/(loss) before income taxes.................. $(1,669,627) $(1,865,645) $(2,021,677) $(3,213,723) 5,418,476
Income taxes....................................... -- -- -- (1,640,000) 1,664,000
Net income/(loss).................................. $(1,669,627) $(1,865,645) $(2,021,677) $(1,573,723) 3,754,476
Basic net income/(loss) per share.................. $ (.36) $ (.24) $ (.25) $ (.19) $ .39
Diluted net income/(loss) per share................ $ (.36) $ (.24) $ (.25) $ (.19) $ .34
DECEMBER 31,
-------------------------------------------------------------------
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
Balance Sheet Data:
Cash & Cash equivalents........................... $ 671 $ 4,479,041 $ 2,776,697 $ 40,681 $24,664,567
Working capital (deficit)......................... (4,553,057) 4,013,010 2,348,904 1,077,255 23,938,684
Total assets...................................... 495,891 4,492,208 2,854,499 1,781,548 25,051,748
Line of credit with bank.......................... 2,007,652 -- -- -- --
Loan payable to principal stockholder............. 1,500,000 -- -- -- --
Accumulated deficit............................... -- (1,865,645) (3,887,322) (5,461,045) (1,706,569)
Total stockholders' equity (deficit).............. (4,361,392) 4,026,177 2,374,072 1,178,122 24,005,058
22
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL
CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
OVERVIEW
Since we began doing business in June 1990, we have devoted our resources
primarily to funding research and product development programs. We expect to
continue to incur losses as we expand our research and development activities
and sponsorship of clinical trials. As of December 31, 1999, we had an
accumulated deficit of $1,706,569.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1999, 1998 AND 1997
We had no operating revenues during the three fiscal years ended
December 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997, except for a $550,000 payment received from
BioChem Pharma in 1997 as part of a licensing and distribution agreement and
$11,000,000 of upfront and milestone payments received from PNU as part of a
licensing agreement. Interest income for 1997, 1998 and 1999 totaled $210,501,
$88,752 and $626,508 respectively. The 1999 increase in interest income is due
to higher levels of cash equivalent investments resulting from cash received
pursuant to the PNU agreement and the calling of our warrants.
We incurred research and development expenses of $3,758,980 in 1999 as
compared to $1,611,343 in 1998 and $1,411,692 in 1997. The increase in 1999
research and development expenses is primarily due to the increased research
expenses on our IL13-PE38, SS1(dsFv)-PE38 and LE-AON products of $1,000,000, an
amendment fee of $800,000 paid to Georgetown in consideration for certain
modifications to the Georgetown research and license agreements, a termination
fee of $50,000 paid to BioChem related to one of our license agreements and
increased payroll, consulting and related expenses of $620,000. Our research and
development expenses related to LEP and LED decreased by approximately $330,000
in 1999 because PNU assumed all future development costs of these products under
its licensing agreement. The increase of $199,651 in research and development
costs between 1998 and 1997 was primarily the result of hiring two additional
research staff members.
We incurred general and administrative expenses of $2,446,926 in 1999 as
compared to $1,691,132 in 1998 and $1,370,486 in 1997. The increase in 1999
general and administrative expenses is primarily the result of increased
professional fees of $335,000, increased payroll costs of $271,000, increased
investor relations costs of $132,000, increased insurance costs of $59,000 and a
reduction in other miscellaneous expenses of $41,000. General and administrative
expenses for 1998 compared to 1997 increased approximately $321,000. The
increase was primarily the result of increased professional fees of $103,000,
executive recruitment costs of $81,000, increased investor relations costs of
$29,000, increased insurance costs of $9,000, increased space costs of $35,000
and an increase in other miscellaneous expenses of $64,000.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
At December 31, 1999, we had $24,664,567 in cash and cash equivalents and
net working capital of $23,938,684. We believe that our cash and cash
equivalents should be adequate to fund operations for the next 12 months.
However, we can offer no assurances that additional funding will not be required
during that period. All excess cash has been invested in short-term investments.
Our assets at December 31, 1999 were $25,051,748 compared to $1,781,548 at
December 31, 1998. This increase in assets was primarily due to an increase of
cash and cash equivalents of approximately $24,624,000 as a result of cash
generated by operating activities of approximately $6,058,000, cash used to
purchase equipment and furniture of approximately $4,000 and cash provided by
financing activities of approximately $18,570,000. The cash generated by
operating activities was primarily from the upfront and milestone payments
received from PNU. The cash provided by financing activities resulted primarily
from the equity investment by PNU and the calling of our warrants.
23
On October 22, 1998, we established a $3,000,000 line of credit (the "Line
of Credit") with the John N. Kapoor Trust dtd. 9/20/89, an entity affiliated
with our Chairman. Interest on borrowings on the Line of Credit were accrued at
the rate of 2% over the prime rate of the Northern Trust Bank. We borrowed
$250,000 on the Line of Credit on January 8, 1999. The $250,000 plus all accrued
interest was repaid on January 29, 1999. The Line of Credit terminated upon the
signing of the PNU licensing agreement on February 19, 1999.
Our liabilities at December 31, 1999 increased to approximately $1,047,000
from approximately $603,000 at December 31, 1998. This increase was attributable
to an increase in trade payables of approximately $291,000, an increase in
accrued expenses of approximately $115,000, an increase in accrued compensation
at year end of approximately $228,500 and a reduction in obligations under
research agreements of approximately $192,000.
We may seek to satisfy our future funding requirements through public or
private offerings of securities, with collaborative or other arrangements with
corporate partners or from other sources. Additional financing may not be
available when needed or on terms acceptable to us. If adequate financing is not
available, we may be required to delay, scale back or eliminate certain of our
research and development programs, relinquish rights to certain of our
technologies, cancer drugs or products, or license third parties to
commercialize products or technologies that we would otherwise seek to develop
ourselves.
THE YEAR 2000 ISSUE
The year 2000 problem is the result of computer programs being written using
two digits rather than four to define the applicable year. Computer equipment
software and devices that are time-sensitive may recognize a date using "00" as
the year 1900 rather than the year 2000. This could result in a major system
failure or miscalculations.
We conducted an assessment of our business systems that could encounter Year
2000 problems. This assessment included both information technology systems and
non-information technology systems. Based on this internal assessment, we did
not identify any material Year 2000 issues. We retained an outside consultant to
review our assessment. The consultant recommended several corrective measures
which were implemented. The cost of the review and corrections was less than
$5,000.
We rely on vendors, service providers and collaboration partners for raw
materials, contract manufacturing, research activities, product testing,
clinical trials, administrative services and other services. We sent information
requests to our third party providers to determine if they were Year 2000
compliant or had effective plans in place to address the Year 2000 issue and to
determine the extent of our vulnerability to the failure of our third party
providers to remedy such issues. These vendors indicated that they were Year
2000 compliant. Based upon the responses that we received from our third party
providers we assessed the risks and developed appropriate contingency plans. To
date, we have not experienced any problems related to the Year 2000 issue.
RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
In June 1998, the Financial Accounting Standards Board Issued Statement of
Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 133, "Accounting for Derivative
Instruments and Hedging Activities," effective for fiscal years beginning after
June 15, 1999, which requires an entity to recognize all derivatives as either
assets or liabilities in the balance sheet and to measure those instruments at
fair value. In June 1999, the Financial Accounting Standards Board Issued SFAS
No. 137, "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities--Deferral
of the Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 133," effective for all fiscal
quarters beginning after June 15, 2000. SFAS No. 137 allows companies that have
not applied early adoption of SFAS No. 133 to delay implementation until
quarters beginning after June 15, 2000.
24
SFAS No. 133/SFAS No. 137 is not anticipated to have a significant impact on our
operating results or financial condition when adopted, since we do not currently
engage in hedging activities.
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA
The Financial Statements and Supplementary Data are incorporated herein by
reference to the Company's Financial Statements included as Exhibit 1. The
information is contained as follows:
PAGE
----
Report of Arthur Andersen LLP, Independent Public
Accountants............................................... 32
Balance Sheets.............................................. 33
Statements of Operations.................................... 34
Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)................ 35
Statements of Cash Flows.................................... 36
Notes to Financial Statements............................... 38
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURES
None.
25
PART III
ITEM 10. MANAGEMENT
The directors and executive officers of NeoPharm are as follows:
POSITION
HELD
NAME AGE POSITION SINCE
- ---- -------- -------------------------------------- --------
John N. Kapoor, Ph.D.(2).............. 56 Director, Chairman of the Board 1990
Aquilur Rahman, Ph.D.................. 57 Director, Chief Scientific Officer 1990
James M. Hussey....................... 40 President, Chief Executive Officer, 1998
and Director
Erick E. Hanson(1) (2)................ 53 Director 1997
Mahendra G. Shah, Ph.D................ 55 Vice President, Corporate and Business 1991
Development
Sander A. Flaum(1) (2)................ 63 Director 1998
Kevin M. Harris....................... 39 Chief Financial Officer 1998
Lewis Strauss, M.D.................... 49 Vice President, Chief Medical Officer 1998
- ------------------------
(1) Member of the Audit Committee.
(2) Member of the Compensation Committee.
All directors hold office until the next annual meeting of the stockholders
and until their successors are duly elected. Officers are appointed to serve,
subject to the discretion of the Board of Directors, until their successors are
appointed.
JOHN N. KAPOOR, PH.D., Chairman of the Board of Directors, joined us in July
1990 as a member of our Board of Directors. Prior to forming our company,
Dr. Kapoor formed EJ Financial Enterprises, Inc., a health care consulting and
investment company, in March 1990, of which Dr. Kapoor is currently President.
Dr. Kapoor is presently Chairman of Option Care, Inc., a provider of home health
care services, Chairman of Akorn, Inc., a manufacturer, distributor and marketer
of generic ophthalmic products, a director of Introgen Therapeutics, Inc., a
gene therapy company, a director of First Horizon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a
distributor of pharmaceuticals, and a director of Integrated Surgical Systems,
Inc., a manufacturer and distributor of robotic surgical products. Dr. Kapoor
received his Ph.D. in medicinal chemistry from the State University of New York
in 1970 and a B.S. in pharmacy from Bombay University in India.
AQUILUR RAHMAN, PH.D., joined us as Chief Scientific Officer and as a member
of the Board of Directors in July 1990. Dr. Rahman joined NeoPharm on a full
time basis in March 1996. Dr. Rahman is currently adjunct professor of radiology
and was an associate professor of pathology and pharmacology at Georgetown
University until March 1996. Dr. Rahman has more than 15 years of research
experience in developing methods of chemotherapy treatment for cancer.
Dr. Rahman received his Masters of Science in Biochemistry from the University
of Dacca (Bangladesh) in 1964 and his Ph.D. in Pharmaceutics from the University
of Strathclyde (Glasgow, U.K.) in 1972.
JAMES M. HUSSEY joined us in March 1998 as President, Chief Executive
Officer, and a member of the Board of Directors. Mr. Hussey was previously the
Chief Executive Officer of Physicians Quality Care, a managed care organization
from 1994 to January, 1998. Previous to that, Mr. Hussey held several positions
with Bristol-Myers Squibb Company from 1984 to 1994, most recently as the
General Manager Midwest Integrated Regional Business Unit. Mr. Hussey is
currently a director of Option Care, Inc., a provider of home health care
services. Mr. Hussey received a B.S. from the College of Pharmacy at Butler
University and an M.B.A. from the University of Illinois.
ERICK E. HANSON joined us as a Director in April 1997. Mr. Hanson is
currently President of Hanson and Associates, a consulting firm working with
venture capital companies. Previously, Mr. Hanson served
26
as President and Chief Executive Officer of Option Care, Inc., a provider of
home health care services. Prior to joining Option Care, Inc. Mr. Hanson held a
variety of positions with Caremark, Inc., including from 1991-1995, Vice
President Sales and Marketing. Mr. Hanson served as President and Chief
Operating Officer of Clinical Partners, Inc. in Boston, MA, from 1989-1991 and
prior to 1989 was associated with Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Indiana for over
twenty years. Mr. Hanson presently serves on the Board of Directors for Condell
Medical Centers.
SANDER A. FLAUM joined us as a Director in July 1998. Mr. Flaum is President
and Chief Executive Officer of Robert A. Becker EURO/RSCG, a marketing and
advertising company. Prior to becoming President of Robert A. Becker, Mr. Flaum
was Executive Vice President of Kleinter Advertising and prior to that served as
Marketing Director of Lederle Laboratories, a division of American Cyanamid
where he was employed from 1965-1984.
MAHENDRA G. SHAH, PH.D., joined us in October 1991 as our Vice President of
Corporate and Business Development. Dr. Shah is also a Vice President of EJ
Financial Enterprises, Inc., a position he has held since October 1991. Prior to
joining NeoPharm, Dr. Shah was the Senior Director of New Business Development
with Fujisawa USA from January 1987 to October 1991. Dr. Shah received his M.S.
in 1978 and Ph.D. in 1984 in Industrial Pharmacy from St. John's University and
an M.S. in 1969 and a B.S. in 1967 in Pharmaceutical Chemistry from Gujarat
University in India.
KEVIN M. HARRIS joined us in June 1998 as our Chief Financial Officer and
Secretary. Mr. Harris is also Director of Taxes and Planning at E.J. Financial
Enterprises, Inc. a health care consulting and investment Company. Prior to
joining E.J. Financial Enterprises in 1997, Mr. Harris was Vice-President of
Finance of Duo-Fast Corporation. Previously, Mr. Harris worked eleven years in
public accounting, including six years with Arthur Andersen & Company.
Mr. Harris received a B.Sc. in accounting from Illinois State University in 1983
and a M.S. from DePaul University in 1988. Mr. Harris is a Certified Public
Accountant and a Certified Financial Planner.
LEWIS STRAUSS, M.D., joined us as Chief Medical Officer, in April, 1998.
After completing his medical training at Cornell Medical College and his
pediatric residency at The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in Baltimore,
Dr. Strauss served as a Pediatric Oncologist at Johns Hopkins Oncology Center
(1980-1991) and at Northwestern University (1991-1997).
John N. Kapoor, PhD., one of our directors and a principle stockholder, was
previously the Chairman and President of Lyphomed, Inc. Fujisawa Pharmaceutical
Co., Ltd. was a major stockholder of Lyphomed from the mid-1980's until 1990, at
which time Fujisawa completed a tender offer for the remaining shares of
Lyphomed, including the shares held by Dr. Kapoor. In 1992, Fujisawa filed suit
in federal District Court in Illinois against Dr. Kapoor alleging that between
1980 and 1986, Lyphomed filed a large number of allegedly fraudulent new drug
applications with the FDA, and that Dr. Kapoor's failure to make certain
disclosures to Fujisawa constituted a violation of federal securities laws and
the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act. Fujisawa also alleged
state law claims. Dr. Kapoor countersued, and in 1999, the litigation was
settled on terms mutually acceptable to the parties. The terms of the settlement
are subject to a confidentiality agreement.
Officers serve at the discretion of the Board of Directors. There are no
family relationships between any of our directors or executive officers.
SECTION 16(A) BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP REPORTING COMPLIANCE
Based solely on a review of the copies of reports furnished to the Company
or written representations that no reports were required, the Company believes
that, during the 1999 fiscal year, all filing requirements applicable to its
officers, directors and greater than 10% beneficial owners were complied with,
with the exception that Mr. Erick Hanson, a director of the Company, did not
timely report his acquisition of shares of the Company's common stock in May
1998, and failed to file his 1999 Form 5 report within 45 days of the calendar
year-end. Mr. Hanson has now made the required filings.
27
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The information required by this item as to executive compensation is hereby
incorporated by reference from the information appearing under the captions
"Executive Compensation", "Compensation of Directors," "Election of
Directors--Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation", and
"Compensation Committee Report" in the Company's definitive Proxy Statement
which is filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "commission")
within 120 days of the Company's fiscal year ended December 31, 1999.
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
AND MANAGEMENT
The information required by this item as to the ownership of management and
others of securities of the Company is hereby incorporated by reference from the
information appearing under the caption "Security Ownership" in the Company's
definitive Proxy Statement which is to be files with the Commission within
120 days of the Company's fiscal year ended December 31, 1999.
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
The information required by this item as to certain business relationships
and transactions with management and other related parties of the Company is
hereby incorporated by reference from the information appearing under the
caption "Certain Relationships and Related Transactions" in the Company's
definitive Proxy Statement which is to be filed with the Commission within
120 days do the Company's fiscal year ended December 31, 1999.
28
PART IV
ITEM 14. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES.
(a) Exhibits
27 Financial Data Schedule
(b) Financial Statements
(1) FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The financial statements filed as part of this Registration Statement are
listed in the Index to Financial Statements of the Company on Page 31.
29
SIGNATURES
PURSUANT TO THE REQUIREMENTS OF SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, THE REGISTRANT HAS DULY CAUSED THIS REPORT TO BE SIGNED ON
ITS BEHALF BY THE UNDERSIGNED, THEREUNTO DULY AUTHORIZED.
NEOPHARM, INC.
By: /s/ JAMES M. HUSSEY
-----------------------------------------
James M. Hussey
PRESIDENT AND CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
PURSUANT TO THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, THIS
ANNUAL REPORT HAS BEEN SIGNED BY THE FOLLOWING PERSONS IN THE CAPACITIES AND ON
THE DATES INDICATED.
SIGNATURE TITLE DATE
--------- ----- ----
/s/ JOHN N. KAPOOR
---------------------------- Director, Chairman of the Board March 24, 2000
John N. Kapoor
/s/ AQUILUR RAHMAN
---------------------------- Director, Chief Scientific Officer March 24, 2000
Aquilur Rahman
/s/ JAMES M. HUSSEY
---------------------------- Director, President, and Chief Executive March 24, 2000
James M. Hussey Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
/s/ ERICK E. HANSON
---------------------------- Director March 24, 2000
Erick E. Hanson
/s/ KEVIN M. HARRIS Chief Financial Officer Principal
---------------------------- Financial Officer and Principal March 24, 2000
Kevin M. Harris Accounting Officer)
/s/ SANDER FLAUM
---------------------------- Director March 24, 2000
Sander Flaum
30
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NEOPHARM, INC.
(A DELAWARE CORPORATION)
PAGE
--------
Report of Arthur Andersen LLP, Independent Public
Accountants............................................... 32
Balance Sheets.............................................. 33
Statements of Operations.................................... 34
Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)................ 35
Statements of Cash Flows.................................... 36
Notes to Financial Statements............................... 38
31
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS
To the Stockholders of NeoPharm, Inc.:
We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of NeoPharm, Inc. (a
Delaware corporation) as of December 31, 1998 and 1999, and the related
statements of operations, stockholders' equity (deficit) and cash flows for each
of the three years in the period ended December 31, 1999. These financial
statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our
responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on
our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally
accepted in the United States. Those standards require that we plan and perform
the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements
are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis,
evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An
audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant
estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial
statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis
for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly,
in all material respects, the financial position of NeoPharm, Inc. as of
December 31, 1998 and 1999, and the results of its operations and cash flows for
each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 1999 in conformity with
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.
ARTHUR ANDERSEN LLP
Chicago, Illinois
March 13, 2000
32
NEOPHARM, INC.
(A DELAWARE CORPORATION)
BALANCE SHEETS
DECEMBER 31,
-------------------------
1998 1999
----------- -----------
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents................................. $ 40,681 $24,664,567
Other receivables......................................... -- 76,007
Tax refund receivable..................................... -- 126,000
Prepaid expenses.......................................... -- 118,800
Deferred taxes (Note 5)................................... 1,640,000 --
----------- -----------
Total current assets.................................... $ 1,680,681 $24,985,374
Equipment and furniture:
Equipment................................................. 82,690 85,447
Furniture................................................. 78,877 80,210
Less accumulated depreciation............................. (60,700) (99,283)
----------- -----------
Total equipment and furniture, net...................... 100,867 66,374
----------- -----------
Total assets............................................ $ 1,781,548 $25,051,748
=========== ===========
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Obligations under research agreements..................... $ 260,000 $ 68,333
Accounts payable.......................................... 275,926 567,357
Accrued compensation...................................... 67,500 296,000
Other accrued expenses.................................... -- 115,000
----------- -----------
Total current liabilities............................... $ 603,426 $ 1,046,690
----------- -----------
Stockholders' equity:
Common stock, $.0002145 par value; 15,000,000 shares
authorized, 8,341,779 and 11,028,617 shares issued and
outstanding as of December 31, 1998 and 1999,
respectively............................................ 1,789 2,366
Additional paid-in capital................................ 6,637,378 25,709,261
Accumulated deficit....................................... (5,461,045) (1,706,569)
----------- -----------
Total stockholders' equity.............................. $ 1,178,122 $24,005,058
----------- -----------
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity.............. $ 1,781,548 $25,051,748
=========== ===========
The accompanying notes to financial statements are an integral part of these
financial statements.
33
NEOPHARM, INC.
(A DELAWARE CORPORATION)
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
---------------------------------------
1997 1998 1999
----------- ----------- -----------
Revenues............................................... $ 550,000 $ -- $11,000,000
----------- ----------- -----------
Expenses:
Research and development............................... 712,007 1,119,524 2,375,458
General and administrative............................. 1,367,486 1,655,469 2,413,901
Related party expenses (Note 8)........................ 702,685 527,482 1,416,547
----------- ----------- -----------
Total expenses....................................... 2,782,178 3,302,475 6,205,906
----------- ----------- -----------
Income/(loss) from operations.......................... (2,232,178) (3,302,475) 4,794,094
Interest income........................................ 210,501 88,752 626,508
Interest expense....................................... -- -- 2,126
----------- ----------- -----------
Interest income
-net................................................. 210,501 88,752 624,382
----------- ----------- -----------
Income/(loss) before income taxes...................... $(2,021,677) $(3,213,723) $ 5,418,476
Income taxes (benefit)/expense......................... -- (1,640,000) 1,664,000
----------- ----------- -----------
Net income/(loss)...................................... $(2,021,677) $(1,573,723) $ 3,754,476
----------- ----------- -----------
Net income/(loss) per share
Basic................................................ $ (.25) $ (.19) $ .39
Diluted.............................................. $ (.25) $ (.19) $ .34
Weighted average shares outstanding
Basic................................................ 8,146,746 8,213,980 9,567,661
Diluted.............................................. 8,939,143 8,757,187 11,155,092
The accompanying notes to financial statements are an integral part of these
financial statements.
34
NEOPHARM, INC.
(A DELAWARE CORPORATION)
STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY/(DEFICIT)
ADDITIONAL TOTAL
COMMON STOCK PAR PAID-IN STOCKHOLDERS'
SHARES VALUE CAPITAL ACCUMULATED DEFICIT EQUITY
------------ -------- ----------- ------------------- -------------
Balance at December 31,
1996....................... 8,130,268 $1,744 $ 5,890,078 $(1,865,645) $ 4,026,177
----------- ------ ----------- ----------- ------------
Issuance of stock pursuant to
exercise of stock
options.................... 55,542 12 175,166 -- 175,178
Issuance of stock pursuant to
restricted stock grants.... 10,000 2 48,748 -- 48,750
Net loss..................... -- -- -- (2,021,677) (2,021,677)
Issuance of options to non-
employees.................. -- -- 145,644 -- 145,644
----------- ------ ----------- ----------- ------------
Balance at December 31,
1997....................... 8,195,810 $1,758 $ 6,259,636 $(3,887,322) $ 2,374,072
----------- ------ ----------- ----------- ------------
Issuance of stock pursuant to
exercise of stock
options.................... 22,500 5 82,339 -- 82,344
Issuance of stock pursuant to
restricted stock grants.... 74,235 16 263,109 -- 263,125
Exercise of warrants......... 49,234 10 (10) -- --
Net loss..................... -- -- -- (1,573,723) (1,573,723)
Issuance of options to non-
employees.................. -- -- 32,304 -- 32,304
----------- ------ ----------- ----------- ------------
Balance at December 31,
1998....................... 8,341,779 $1,789 $ 6,637,378 $(5,461,045) $ 1,178,122
----------- ------ ----------- ----------- ------------
Issuance of stock pursuant to
exercise of stock
options.................... 356,000 76 1,495,424 -- 1,495,500
Issuance of stock pursuant to
restricted stock grants.... 5,372 1 79,826 -- 79,827
Issuance of stock to
Pharmacia & Upjohn......... 452,861 97 7,999,903 -- 8,000,000
Exercise of warrants......... 1,872,605 403 9,073,983 -- 9,074,386
Net income................... -- -- -- 3,754,476 3,754,476
Issuance of options to non-
employees.................. -- -- 422,747 -- 422,747
----------- ------ ----------- ----------- ------------
Balance at December 31,
1999....................... 11,028,617 $2,366 $25,709,261 $(1,706,569) $ 24,005,058
----------- ------ ----------- ----------- ------------
The accompanying notes to financial statements are an integral part of these
financial statements.
35
NEOPHARM, INC.
(A DELAWARE CORPORATION)
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
---------------------------------------
1997 1998 1999
----------- ----------- -----------
Cash flows provided by/(used in) operating activities:
Net income/(loss)...................................... $(2,021,677) $(1,573,723) $ 3,754,476
Adjustments to reconcile net income/(loss) to net cash
provided by/(used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization.......................... 6,727 27,145 38,583
Deferred income taxes.................................. -- (1,640,000) 1,640,000
Compensation expense from non-employee stock options... 145,644 32,304 422,747
Restricted stock grants in lieu of cash compensation... 48,750 263,125 79,827
(Increase)/decrease in other assets.................... (52,634) 52,634 (320,807)
Increase in accounts payable and accrued liabilities... 14,396 122,999 443,264
----------- ----------- -----------
Net cash and cash equivalents provided by/(used in)
operating activities............................... (1,858,794) (2,715,516) 6,058,090
----------- ----------- -----------
Cash flows used in investing activities:
Purchase of equipment and furniture.................... (18,728) (102,844) (4,090)
----------- ----------- -----------
Net cash and cash equivalents used in investing
activities........................................... (18,728) (102,844) (4,090)
----------- ----------- -----------
Cash flows provided by financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of common stock................. 175,178 82,344 9,495,500
Proceeds from exercise of warrants..................... -- -- 9,074,386
Cashless exercise of warrants, charge.................. -- (484,955) (1,074,208)
Cashless exercise of warrants, proceeds................ -- 484,955 1,074,208
----------- ----------- -----------
Net cash and cash equivalents provided by financing
activities......................................... 175,178 82,344 18,569,886
----------- ----------- -----------
Net increase/(decrease) in cash........................ (1,702,344) (2,736,016) 24,623,886
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period......... 4,479,041 2,776,697 40,681
----------- ----------- -----------
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period............... $ 2,776,697 $ 40,681 $24,664,567
=========== =========== ===========
Supplemental disclosure of cash paid for:
Interest............................................... $ 84,585 $ -- $ 2,126
Income taxes........................................... $ -- $ -- $ 150,000
The accompanying notes to financial statements are an integral part of these
financial statements.
36
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
In 1997, two consultants to the Company each received 5,000 shares of
restricted common stock as compensation. These grants were valued at the closing
price of the traded common shares on the date of the grants. In 1998, the
Company granted 69,235 shares of restricted common stock to employees as
compensation and recorded compensation expense of $222,500. The Company also
donated a total of 5,000 shares of restricted common stock to two charitable
organizations on behalf of a consultant who provided services to the Company and
recorded an administrative expenses of $40,625. Additionally, holders of the
Company's Representatives warrants that were issued as part of the initial
public offering exercised on a cashless basis 49,000 of the 135,000 outstanding
warrants. Each warrant entitles the holder to two shares of common stock for an
exercise price of $9.80.
In 1999, the company granted 5,372 shares of restricted common stock to
employees as compensation and recorded compensation expense of $79,827 based on
the fair market value of the shares on the date of grant. Additionally, holders
of the Company's Representative warrants that were issued as part of the initial
public offering exercised on a cashless basis 44,935 of 86,000 outstanding
warrants. Each warrant entitles the holder to two shares of common stock for an
exercise price of $9.80.
The Company called its 837,067 redeemable common stock purchase warrants and
the 67,500 warrants underlying its representative's warrants on June 24, 1999.
The period for exercising the outstanding warrants closed at the close of
business on July 27, 1999. Warrant holders exercised 836,942 of the redeemable
warrants and 67,500 of the underlying warrants for total net proceeds to the
Company of $9,074,386.
Pursuant to its license agreement, PNU purchased 452,861 shares of the
Company's common stock at a per share price of $17.6655 on July 23, 1999.
The accompanying notes to financial statements are an integral part of these
statements.
37
NEOPHARM, INC.
(A DELAWARE CORPORATION)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 1998 AND 1999
1. ORGANIZATION AND BUSINESS:
NeoPharm, Inc. (the "Company"), a Delaware corporation, was incorporated on
June 15, 1990, under the name of OncoMed, Inc. In March 1995, the Company
changed its name to NeoPharm, Inc. The Company is engaged in the research,
development and commercialization of drugs for the treatment of various forms of
cancer. The Company currently has a portfolio of seven anticancer drugs, three
of which are in human clinical trials.
The Company has one product which is the subject of a Cooperative Research
and Development Agreement ("CRADA") with the National Cancer Institute ("NCI"),
a unit of the National Institute of Health ("NIH") and two products, licensed
from the NIH, one of which is the subject of a CRADA with the United States Food
and Drug Administration ("FDA"). The Company also has rights to products
developed under license and sponsored research agreements with Georgetown
University ("Georgetown").
The Company is continuing to develop its products which requires substantial
capital for research, product development and market development activities. The
Company has not yet initiated marketing of a commercial product. Future product
development will require clinical testing, regulatory approval and substantial
additional investment prior to commercialization. The future success of the
Company is dependent on its ability to obtain additional working capital to
develop, manufacture and market its products and, ultimately, upon its ability
to attain future profitable operations. There can be no assurance that the
Company will be able to obtain necessary financing or regulatory approvals to be
able to successfully develop, manufacture and market its products, or attain
successful future operations. Insufficient funds could require the Company to
delay, scale back or eliminate one or more of its research and development
programs or to license third parties to commercialize products or technologies
that the Company would otherwise seek to develop without relinquishing its
rights thereto. Accordingly, the predictability of the Company's future success
is uncertain.
The Company's rights to its products are subject to the terms of its
agreements with NCI, NIH, FDA and Georgetown. Termination of any, or all, of
these agreements would have a material adverse effect on the Company's business,
financial condition and results of operations. In addition, uncertainty exists
as to the Company's ability to protect its rights to patents and its proprietary
information. There can also be no assurance that research and discoveries by
others will not render some or all of the Company's programs or products
noncompetitive or obsolete. Nor can there be any assurance that unforeseen
problems will not develop with the Company's technologies or applications, or
that the Company will be able to address successfully technological challenges
it encounters in its research and development programs. Although the Company
plans to obtain product liability insurance, it currently does not have any nor
is there any assurance that it will be able to attain or maintain such insurance
on acceptable terms or with adequate coverage against potential liabilities.
From its inception on June 15, 1990, through December 31, 1998, the Company
was classified as a development stage entity. The Company completed its
development stage upon the out-licensing of its first major compound to
Pharmacia & Upjohn ("PNU") in February of 1999. Accordingly, the inception to
date information is not presented in these financial statements.
38
NEOPHARM, INC.
(A DELAWARE CORPORATION)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
DECEMBER 31, 1998 AND 1999
2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES:
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Research and development costs are expensed when incurred. These costs
include, among other things, consulting fees and costs reimbursed to Georgetown
pursuant to the agreements as described in Note 6. Payments related to the
acquisition of technology rights, for which development work is in process, are
expensed and considered a component of research and development costs. The
Company also allocates indirect costs, consisting primarily of operational costs
for administering research and development activities, to research and
development expenses.
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an
original maturity of six months or less to be cash equivalents. The carrying
value of these investments approximate the fair market value.
EQUIPMENT AND FURNITURE
Equipment and furniture are recorded at cost and are depreciated using an
accelerated method over the estimated useful economic lives of the assets
involved. The estimated useful lives employed in computing depreciation are five
years for computer equipment and seven years for furniture. Maintenance and
repairs that do not extend the life of assets are charged to expense when
incurred.
INCOME PER SHARE
In February 1997, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued
Statement of Accounting Financial Standards ("SFAS") No. 128, "Earnings Per
Share," which establishes standards for computing and presenting earnings per
share for publicly held common stock or potential common stock. Effective
December 31, 1997, the Company adopted the principles of SFAS No. 128 in
calculating and presenting its earnings per share. The computation of net
earnings (loss) per share is based on the weighted average common shares
outstanding during the periods, and includes, when dilutive, common stock
equivalents consisting of warrants and stock options.
39
NEOPHARM, INC.
(A DELAWARE CORPORATION)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
DECEMBER 31, 1998 AND 1999
2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES: (CONTINUED)
The following table sets forth the computation of the basic and diluted loss
per share from continuing operations:
1997 1998 1999
----------- ----------- ----------
Numerator:
Net income/(loss)..................................... ($2,021,677) ($1,573,723) $3,754,476
=========== =========== ==========
Denominator:
Denominator for basic income/(loss) per share
Weighted average shares............................... 8,146,746 8,213,980 9,567,661
Effect of dilutive securities:
Stock options......................................... 445,742 467,379 833,694
Warrant exercise...................................... 346,655 75,829 753,737
----------- ----------- ----------
Dilutive potential common shares........................ 792,397 543,207 1,587,431
Denominator for diluted income/(loss) per share-
Weighted average shares and assumed
Conversions........................................... 8,939,143 8,757,187 11,155,092
=========== =========== ==========
Basic income/(loss) per share......................... $ (0.25) $ (0.19) $ .39
=========== =========== ==========
Diluted income/(loss) per share....................... $ (0.25) $ (0.19) $ .34
=========== =========== ==========
Options to purchase 255,962, 242,521 and 10,000 shares of common stock were
outstanding as of December 31, 1997, 1998 and 1999, respectively but were not
included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because the options'
exercise prices were greater than the average market price of the common shares
and, therefore, would be antidilutive. For additional disclosure regarding the
Company's stock options and warrants, see Notes 4 and 9.
USE OF ESTIMATES
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and
assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and
disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial
statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expense during the reporting
period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
As provided by SFAS No. 123, the Company has elected to continue to account
for its stock-based compensation programs according to the provisions of
Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, "Accounting for Stock Issued to
Employees". Accordingly, compensation expense has been recognized to the extent
of employee or director services rendered based on the intrinsic value of
compensatory options or shares granted under the plans. The Company has adopted
the disclosure provisions required by SFAS No. 123 (see "Note 4).
40
NEOPHARM, INC.
(A DELAWARE CORPORATION)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
DECEMBER 31, 1998 AND 1999
2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES: (CONTINUED)
REVENUE RECOGNITION-LICENSE FEES
The Company has licensed certain of its technologies to third parties in
return for up-front license fees and subsequent milestone-based payments. The
Company's policy is to recognize revenue upon receipt of the license fees or
milestone payments provided the payments are non-refundable and are not subject
to future performance obligations. All payments received to-date have been
non-refundable. Further, the Company has no material obligations to provide
future services or financial support under the terms of the license agreements.
RECLASSIFICATION
Certain amounts in previously issued financial statements have been
reclassified to conform to 1999 classifications.
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
In June 1997, the FASB issued SFAS No. 130, "Reporting Comprehensive
Income." SFAS No. 130 establishes standards for the reporting and display of
comprehensive income and its components in a full set of general purpose
financial statements and is effective for fiscal years beginning after
December 15, 1997. The Company had no comprehensive income items to report for
the years ended December 31, 1997, 1998 and 1999.
SEGMENT INFORMATION
In June 1997, the FASB issued SFAS No. 131, "Disclosures about Segment of an
Enterprise and Related Information." SFAS No. 131 changes the way companies
report selected segment information in annual financial statements and requires
companies to report selected segment information in interim financial reports to
stockholders. The Company adopted SFAS No. 131 in the year ended December 31,
1998. The Company operates under a single segment.
RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
In June 1998, the FASB issued SFAS No. 133, "Accounting for Derivative
Instruments and Hedging Activities," effective for fiscal years beginning after
June 15, 1999, which requires an entry to recognize all derivatives as either
assets or liabilities in the balance sheet and to measure those instruments at
fair value. In June 1999, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued SFAS
No. 137, "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities--Deferral
of the Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 133," effective for all fiscal
quarters beginning after June 15, 2000. SFAS No. 137 allows companies that have
not applied early adoption of SFAS No. 133 to delay implementation until
quarters beginning after June 15, 2000. SFAS No. 133/SFAS No. 137 is not
anticipated to have a significant impact on the Company's operating results or
financial condition when adopted, since the Company does not currently engage in
hedging activities.
41
NEOPHARM, INC.
(A DELAWARE CORPORATION)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
DECEMBER 31, 1998 AND 1999
3. DEBT
On October 22,1998, the Company established a $3,000,000 line of credit with
the John N. Kapoor Trust dtd. 9/20/89, an entity affiliated with the Company's
Chairman. Interest on borrowings on the line of credit accrued at the rate of 2%
over the prime rate of the Northern Trust Bank. The Company borrowed $250,000 on
the line of credit on January 8, 1999. The $250,000 plus all accrued interest
was repaid on January 29, 1999. The line of credit terminated upon the signing
of the PNU license agreement on February 19, 1999
4. STOCK OPTIONS
OPTION AGREEMENTS
The Company adopted a stock option plan in 1990. The Company granted options
under the plan to purchase 1,460,978 shares. The options have an exercise price
of $.0002145 per share with the exception of options to purchase 248,676 shares
issued in December 1993, which have an exercise price of $.03217 per share.
Effective January 1995, this plan has been terminated. No additional grants will
be made under this plan.
On January 25, 1995, the board of directors approved the NeoPharm, Inc. 1995
Stock Option Plan (the "Plan"), which provided for the grant of up to 900,000
options to acquire the Company's common stock. The board of directors amended
the Plan on May 16, 1997, increasing the number of options to 1,400,000. The
option prices shall be not less than 85% of the fair market value of the stock
as determined by the Administrator pursuant to the Plan. The board also approved
the NeoPharm, Inc. 1995 Director Option Plan, which provides for the grant of up
to 100,000 options to acquire the Company's common stock. The option prices
shall be the fair market value on the date of grant. Vesting under these plans
range from 0 to 4 years and all options expire after 10 years. Effective
July 23, 1998, the 1995 Stock Option Plan and the 1995 Directors Option Plan
were suspended. No additional grants will be made under either plan.
On July 23, 1998, the board of directors approved the NeoPharm, Inc. 1998
Equity Incentive Plan (the "1998 Plan"), which provides for the grant of options
to acquire up to 2,000,000 shares of the Company's common stock. Additionally,
250,000 of the 2,000,000 shares can be used for restricted stock grants to
employees and consultants. The option prices shall be not less than 85% of the
fair market value of the stock as determined by the Administrator pursuant to
the 1998 Plan. The consideration paid for shares of restricted stock shall not
be less that the par value of the Company's common stock.
The Company accounts for the plans under APB Opinion No. 25, under which no
compensation cost has been recognized for stock option awards to employees. Had
compensation cost for such stock option
42
NEOPHARM, INC.
(A DELAWARE CORPORATION)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
DECEMBER 31, 1998 AND 1999
4. STOCK OPTIONS (CONTINUED)
awards under the plans been determined consistent with SFAS No. 123, the
Company's net income and earnings per share would have been reduced to the
following pro forma amounts:
1997 1998 1999
----------- ----------- ----------
Net Income/(Loss): As Reported $(2,021,677) $(1,573,723) $3,754,476
Pro Forma (2,236,526) (1,962,971) 2,981,413
Primary EPS: As Reported (.25) (.19) .39
Pro Forma (.27) (.24) .31
Fully Diluted EPS: As Reported (.25) (.19) .34
Pro Forma (.27) (.24) .27
The Company has granted options to purchase 685,866 shares to certain
non-employees of which 287,824 such options remain outstanding and unexercised
at December 31, 1999. The Company accounts for these options using a fair value
method with the fair value of these options determined at the date of grant.
From inception through December 31, 1995 the Company deemed the fair value of
these options on the date of grant to be nominal, and no expense was recorded.
For all subsequent years, the fair value of option grants was calculated using
the Black-Scholes pricing model. For the year ended December 31, 1997, 1998 and
1999, an expense of $145,644, $32,304 and $422,747 was recorded respectively.
43
NEOPHARM, INC.
(A DELAWARE CORPORATION)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
DECEMBER 31, 1998 AND 1999
4. STOCK OPTIONS (CONTINUED)
A summary of stock option activity is as follows:
OPTIONS OUTSTANDING
---------------------------------------
NUMBER OF EXERCISE PRICE
GRANT/EXERCISE DATE SHARES PER SHARE
- ------------------- ---------- ----------------------
Balance at December 31, 1996................................ 748,866 $.03217,3.50,6.00,7.00
---------- ----------------------
Grants:
January, 1997............................................. 1,000 $ 7.38
April, 1997............................................... 2,000 7.00
May, 1997................................................. 5,000 4.875
August, 1997.............................................. 5,000 4.9375
Exercises:
June, 1997................................................ (7,000) $ 3.50
July, 1997................................................ (15,000) 3.50
October, 1997............................................. (9,042) 3.50, .03217
November, 1997............................................ (1,500) 3.50
December, 1997............................................ (23,000) 3.50
Cancellations: July 1997.................................... (15,000) 7.00
---------- ----------------------
Balance at December 31, 1997................................ 691,324 $ .03217-7.38
========== ======================
Grants:
January, 1998............................................. 400,000 $ 4.75
April, 1998............................................... 20,000 3.75
July, 1998................................................ 37,000 3.875
September, 1998........................................... 100,000 2.25
Exercises:
December, 1998............................................ (22,500) $ 3.50-4.9375
Cancellations:
April, 1998............................................... (50,000) 7.00
---------- ----------------------
Balance at December 31, 1998................................ 1,175,824 $ 2.25-$7.00
---------- ----------------------
Grants:
January, 1999............................................. 337,000 $ 11.875
June, 1999................................................ 10,000 18.50
Exercises:
January, 1999............................................. (2,000) $ 3.50
February, 1999............................................ (50,000) 3.50
April, 1999............................................... (500) 3.50
July, 1999................................................ (31,000) 3.875-7.375
August, 1999.............................................. (169,000) 3.50-7.00
September, 1999........................................... (73,000) 2.25-3.875
October, 1999............................................. (20,000) 2.25
November, 1999............................................ (3,000) 3.50-4.875
December, 1999............................................ (7,500) 3.875-4.875
---------- ----------------------
Balance at December 31, 1999................................ 1,166,824 $ .03217-$18.50
========== ======================
44
NEOPHARM, INC.
(A DELAWARE CORPORATION)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
DECEMBER 31, 1998 AND 1999
4. STOCK OPTIONS (CONTINUED)
Options vested and eligible for exercise on December 31, 1996 included
14,866 at an exercise price of $.03217 and 444,000 options at an exercise price
of $3.50. Options eligible for exercise on December 31, 1997 included 9,324 at
an exercise price of $.03217, 394,000 options at an exercise price of $3.50,
15,000 options at an exercise price of $6.00, 124,500 options at an exercise
price of $7.00, and 1,000 options at an exercise price of $7.375. Options vested
and eligible for exercise on December 31, 1998 include 9,324 options at an
exercise price of $0.03217, 374,000 options at an exercise price of $3.50, 2,500
options at an exercise price of $4.875, 30,000 options at an exercise price of
$6.00, 197,000 options at an exercise price of $7.00 and 1,000 options at an
exercise price of $7.375. Options vested and eligible for exercise on
December 31, 1999 include 9,324 options at an exercise price of $0.03217,
144,000 options at an exercise price of $3.50, 5,000 options at an exercise
price of $3.75, 8,000 options at an exercise price of $3.875, 100,000 options at
an exercise price of $4.75, 2,500 options at an exercise price of $4.9375,
22,500 options at an exercise price of $6.00 and 122,000 options at an exercise
price of $7.00.
The fair value of each option grant is estimated on the date of grant using
the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted average
assumptions used for the option grants in 1997, 1998 and 1999 respectively:
risk-free interest rates of 6.58 percent, 5.50 percent and 5.31 percent;
expected dividend yields of 0.00 percent; expected life of 10 years; expected
volatility of 79.93 percent, 89.82 percent and 91.05 percent.
5. FEDERAL INCOME TAXES:
From inception through October 11, 1995, the Company operated as an S
Corporation for income tax purposes. Losses incurred during this period are
reported on the stockholders' tax return, and are not available to the Company
as a net operating loss carry forward.
On October 11, 1995, the Company voluntarily terminated its S Corporation
election. Since that time, losses incurred represent net operating loss carry
forwards which can be used to offset future taxable income. Total net operating
loss carry forwards were approximately $8,445,000 and approximately $6,864,000
as of December 31, 1998 and 1999, respectively. The net operating loss carry
forwards will expire as follows:
YEAR OF EXPIRATION AMOUNT
- ------------------ ----------
2011........................................................ $1,773,000
2012........................................................ 1,969,000
2013........................................................ 3,122,000
The Company has general business credit carry forwards of approximately
$276,000 which expire in the years 2011-2014.
The Company made payments of $150,000 towards federal alternative minimum
tax during 1999 of which $126,000 was refundable at year end. The remaining
payments of $24,000 generated alternative minimum tax credit carry forwards of a
like amount that are available to reduce future federal regular income taxes, if
any, over an indefinite period.
45
NEOPHARM, INC.
(A DELAWARE CORPORATION)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
DECEMBER 31, 1998 AND 1999
5. FEDERAL INCOME TAXES: (CONTINUED)
The components of income tax expense/(benefit) consist of the following:
1997 1998 1999
----------- ----------- -----------
Current:
Federal.............................................. $ -- $ -- $ --
State................................................ -- -- --
----------- ----------- -----------
Total Current Expenses................................. $ -- $ -- $ --
=========== =========== ===========
Deferred:
Federal.............................................. $ -- $(1,435,000) $ 1,456,000
State................................................ -- (205,000) 208,000
----------- ----------- -----------
Total Deferred Expense................................. -- $ 1,640,000 $ 1,664,000
=========== =========== ===========
Total Income Tax Expense/(Benefit)..................... -- $(1,640,000) $ 1,664,000
=========== =========== ===========
Significant components of the Company's deferred tax assets as of
December 31 are as follows:
1997 1998 1999
---------- ---------- ----------
Net Operating Loss Carry Forwards........................ $2,132,000 $3,432,800 $2,746,000
General Business Credit Carry Forwards................... 128,000 128,000 276,000
Alternative Minimum Tax Carry Forwards................... -- -- 24,000
Expenses Not Currently Deductible for tax purposes....... 82,000 150,000 181,000
---------- ---------- ----------
Total Deferred Tax Assets................................ 2,342,000 3,710,800 3,227,000
Valuation Allowance...................................... (2,342,000) (2,070,800) (3,227,000)
---------- ---------- ----------
Net Deferred Tax Assets.................................. $ -- $1,640,000 $ --
========== ========== ==========
Prior to December 31, 1998 the Company had engaged in substantive
discussions with PNU regarding the licensing of certain of its technologies (see
Note 6). As a result, at December 31, 1998, it was more likely than not a
portion of the deferred tax asset would be realized during 1999. The valuation
allowance was reduced accordingly and the tax benefit related to $1,640,000 net
operating loss carry forward was recognized as of December 31, 1998. At
December 31, 1999, in accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 109, a
valuation allowance has been established on the deferred tax asset due to the
uncertainty of its realization.
6. COMMITMENTS:
LICENSE AND RESEARCH AGREEMENTS
From time to time the Company enters into license and research agreements
with third parties. At December 31, 1999, the Company had five significant
agreements in effect as described below.
46
NEOPHARM, INC.
(A DELAWARE CORPORATION)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
DECEMBER 31, 1998 AND 1999
6. COMMITMENTS: (CONTINUED)
NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE
The Company entered into a CRADA with NCI. Pursuant to the agreement, the
Company committed to commercialize certain products received from NCI. The
Company agreed to provide product to support NCI sponsored clinical trials and
use its best efforts to file an NDA. NCI agreed to collaborate on the clinical
development of the products and to provide access to the data necessary to
obtain pharmaceutical regulatory approval.
During the year ended December 31, 1997, the Company paid approximately
$102,000 for product used in the sponsored clinical trials. During 1998 and
1997, the Company expensed, as research and development costs, the $120,000
payable to NCI for these expenses. NCI was required to provide the Company an
accounting of the use of funds. Any amounts not expended at the end of the
agreement were refundable to the Company. All amounts were expended pursuant to
the CRADA.
The CRADA expired on September 13, 1998. The Company then entered into a
Clinical Trials Agreement ("CTA") with the NCI. The CTA covers the same research
that were the subject of the NCI CRADA. The CTA provides for collaboration on
the clinical development of the products and access to clinical data necessary
for future regulatory approval. The Company has no further financial obligations
to NCI other than an agreement to provide supplies of test product for the
covered clinical protocols. The Company incurred no expenses under this
agreement during 1999.
U.S. FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION
In 1997 the Company entered into a CRADA with the FDA. Pursuant to the
CRADA, the Company committed to commercialize the IL13-PE38 chimeric protein
product which it licensed from the NIH and FDA. The FDA agreed to collaborate on
the clinical development and commercialization of the licensed product.
The Company is committed to pay $100,000 per year for the reasonable and
necessary expenses incurred by the FDA in carrying out the FDA's
responsibilities under the CRADA. During 1999, the parties agreed to expand the
scope of the CRADA and increase the Company's funding requirement to $150,000
for the final two years of the agreement. During 1997, 1998 and 1999, we spent
$100,000, $100,000 and $150,000 respectively under these agreements. The term of
the FDA CRADA expires on August 27, 2001.
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF HEALTH
The Company entered into an exclusive worldwide licensing agreement with the
NIH and the FDA to develop and commercialize an IL13-PE38 chimeric protein
therapy. The agreement required a $75,000 non-refundable license issue payment
and minimum annual royalty payments of $10,000 which increases to $25,000 after
the first commercial sale. The agreement further provided for milestone payments
and royalties based on future product sales. The Company made its first
milestone payment of $25,000 to NIH in November 1999 after the filing of the
U.S. Investigational New Drug ("IND") application for IL13-PE38. The Company is
required to pay the costs of filing and maintaining product patents on the
licensed products. The agreement shall extend to the expiration of the last to
expire of the patents on the licensed products, if not terminated earlier. The
agreement may be terminated by mutual consent of NIH
47
NEOPHARM, INC.
(A DELAWARE CORPORATION)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
DECEMBER 31, 1998 AND 1999
6. COMMITMENTS: (CONTINUED)
and the Company. Either party may terminate if the other party breaches a
material term or condition and such breach is not cured within a certain period
of time. Also, either Party may unilaterally terminate by giving advanced
notice. During 1997, 1998 and 1999, the Company expensed approximately $10,000,
$117,000 and $35,000, respectively under this agreement.
BIOCHEM PHARMA
In 1997, the Company entered into a collaboration agreement with BioChem
Therapeutics, Inc., the wholly owned subsidiary of BioChem Pharma, under which
BioChem will have an exclusive license to develop, market and distribute
broxuridine in Canada. The agreement required BioChem to make an initial
non-refundable up-front payment of $550,000 and subsequent milestone-based
payments. The Company and BioChem were to share product revenue from any future
sales of broxuridine in Canada. The Company terminated this agreement in
October, 1999 by making a $50,000 termination payment to BioChem Pharma. The
Company retained the Canadian rights to BUdR under the termination agreements.
PHARMACIA AND UPJOHN
On February 19, 1999 the Company entered into an exclusive worldwide license
agreement with Pharmacia and Upjohn Company ("PNU"). Pursuant to the agreement,
the Company granted PNU an exclusive worldwide license to develop, use,
manufacture, distribute, market, and sell the Company's Liposomal Encapsulated
Doxorubicin ("LED") and Liposomal Encapsulated Paclitaxel ("LEP") products for
all approved indications. All of the development costs, clinical and
pre-clinical, regulatory and manufacturing scale up expenses for LED and LEP
incurred after the date of the agreement shall be borne by PNU. The Company
shall use reasonable efforts to assist PNU in obtaining and confirming the
rights granted to PNU under the agreement. However, any reasonable costs or
expenses incurred by the Company to provide such assistance shall be reimbursed
by PNU.
The Company received a $9,000,000 non-refundable license fee upon signing
the agreement. Upon the transfer of the IND's for LED and LEP to PNU, PNU was to
purchase $8,000,000 of the Company's newly issued common stock. The share price
was equal to 110% of the average closing price of the Company's Common Stock for
the 60-day period preceding the PNU purchase date. On July 23, 1999, PNU
purchased 452,861 shares of the Company's common stock at a per share price of
$17.6655. The Company recorded the newly issued shares at $.0002145 par value
with the remaining proceeds reflected as additional paid in capital.
The Company shall receive milestone payments upon the completion of each
phase of clinical development and upon regulatory approval for both LED and LEP.
If all milestone goals set forth in the agreement are met, the Company would be
eligible to receive $52,000,000 in milestone payments. During 1999, the Company
received a $2,000,000 milestone payment in addition to the $9,000,000 license
fee.
If the LED product were to be approved for commercial sale and thereafter
marketed, the Company would receive a royalty payment for sales outside of the
U.S. for the first seven years after commercial sale at a rate of 8% declining
to 5% for the eighth through tenth years of such commercial sales. With respect
to the LEP product, the Company is entitled to receive a royalty of 12.5% for
LED products sold outside
48
NEOPHARM, INC.
(A DELAWARE CORPORATION)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
DECEMBER 31, 1998 AND 1999
6. COMMITMENTS: (CONTINUED)
of the United States for the valid life of an enforceable NeoPharm patent,
determined on a country-by-country basis. With respect to sales of both LEP and
LED products in the United States, the Company is permitted to elect, in lieu
royalty payments for U.S. sales, to co-promote the products within the United
States. Under the terms of the co-promotion, the Company's participations in net
profits is to be in proportion to its monetary contribution to the promotion of
each product in the United States, but in no event shall the Company's share of
profits exceed 37.5% of total net profits. In addition, the Company's right to
co-promote is contingent upon the Company reimbursing PNU for an amount equal to
the amount of the Company's net profit percentage multiplied by the amount
expended by PNU in development costs for the products in the United States
(which may not exceed 60 percent of PNU's total development costs throughout the
world). If the Company does not elect to co-promote the product within the U.S.,
then the Company would receive a flat royalty with respect to LED equal to 10%
of net sales for the first ten years of sales in the United States, and with
respect to LEP, a royalty equal to 12 1/2% of net sales for the period in which
PNU has exclusivity to LEP product. Because of the uncertainty surrounding the
ability of the Company to attain the milestones and obtain FDA approval for the
product, and the uncertainty that the product would be accepted by the medical
community, it is not possible to project with any degree of certainty what the
potential revenues (other than the milestone payments) under the contract would
be.
GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY
The Company entered into two license and research agreements with Georgetown
whereby the Company obtained an exclusive worldwide license to use certain
technologies. In exchange for the grant of these exclusive licenses, the Company
will pay Georgetown, beginning with the first commercial sale of a product
incorporating the licensed technologies, a royalty on net sales by the Company
of products incorporating any of such technologies. The royalty will be payable
for the life of the related patents. In January 1999, the Company and Georgetown
University agreed to amend the agreements in addition to other modifications to
reduce the level of future sublicense royalties on LEP and LED sales payable to
Georgetown in return for a one time sublicense fee of $800,000. The Company made
the $800,000 payment to Georgetown in March 1999, after the execution of the PNU
agreement.
During the years ended December 31, 1997, 1998 and 1999, the Company paid
and expensed approximately $247,000, $123,000 and $1,019,000 respectively,
pursuant to the license and research agreements. The $800,000 payment referred
to above is included in the 1999 total.
OTHER
The Company entered into consulting arrangements with members of its
Scientific Advisory Board who are also employed on a full-time basis by academic
or research institutions. Since inception through December 31, 1999, members of
the Scientific Advisory Board were issued options (see Note 4) to purchase an
aggregate 168,324 shares of Company stock at the fair market value at the dates
of grant. At December 31, 1999, 128,324 options remained unexercised.
Additionally, the Scientific Advisory Board members receive a nominal annual
retainer.
The Company is obligated for rental payments under a sublease arrangement
with OptionCare, Inc. for office space in Bannockburn, Illinois. Until moving to
the Bannockburn location in November of 1997, the Company occupied office space
in Lake Forest, Illinois. This space was provided as part of a consulting
49
NEOPHARM, INC.
(A DELAWARE CORPORATION)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
DECEMBER 31, 1998 AND 1999
6. COMMITMENTS: (CONTINUED)
agreement with EJ Financial. (See Note 8). This sublease expired on
November 30, 1998. The Company continues to sublease the same space on
comparable terms under a month to month lease.
7. CONTINGENCIES
The pharmaceutical industry has traditionally experienced difficulty in
maintaining product liability insurance coverage at desired levels. To date, no
significant product liability suit has ever been filed against the Company.
However, if a suit were filed and a judgment entered against the Company, it
could have a material adverse effect upon the Company's operations and financial
condition.
Currently, the Company is not a party to any litigation or other legal
proceedings.
8. TRANSACTIONS WITH RELATED PARTIES
The Company receives management services from EJ Financial
Enterprises, Inc. ("EJ Financial"), a healthcare consulting and investment firm
in which Dr. Kapoor is the principal stockholder. Under its management
consulting agreement, EJ Financial charges the Company $125,000 per year for
services provided plus actual expenses incurred. The agreement provides for
technical management support in the areas of research and development and
operations. Charges to the Company are based on actual time spent by EJ
Financial personnel on the Company's affairs. Management believes that the cost
for management services allocated to the Company represents the cost of the
services provided. For the years ended December 31, 1997, 1998 and 1999, the
Company expensed $191,081, $136,331 and $131,251 respectively under this
agreement.
The Company subleases office space from Option Care Inc., a home infusion
company in which Dr. Kapoor, the Company's Chairman, is a major stockholder. For
the years ended December 31, 1997, 1998 and 1999, the Company expensed $3,000,
$35,663 and $33,025 respectively under the subleases.
From October, 1998 through February, 1999 the Company had a $3,000,000 line
of credit in place with the John N. Kapoor Trust dtd 9/20/89, an entity
affiliated with the Company's Chairman. The Company borrowed $250,000 on the
line of credit on January 8, 1999. The $250,000 plus all accrued interest was
repaid on January 29, 1999. The line of credit terminated upon the signing of
the PNU licensing agreement on February 19, 1999 (See Note 6).
The Company's Chief Scientific Officer, Dr. Aquilur Rahman, was employed on
a full-time basis by Georgetown until joining the Company in March 1996.
Additionally, Anatoly Dritschilo, M.D., the Chairman of the Department of
Radiation Medicine and Medical Director of the Georgetown University Medical
Center was a Director of the Company from June, 1990 through June, 1999. As was
previously mentioned, Georgetown and the Company are parties to license and
sponsored research agreements for product research and development (see
Note 6). During 1997, 1998 and 1999, the Company paid approximately $247,000,
$123,000 and $1,019,000 related to work performed and expenses incurred by
Georgetown.
On July 16, 1997, the Company loaned $50,000 to Dr. Rahman pursuant to a
promissory note. The note accrued interest at a rate of 9%. The principal
together with accrued interest of $3,255 was repaid on April 6, 1998.
50
NEOPHARM, INC.
(A DELAWARE CORPORATION)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
DECEMBER 31, 1998 AND 1999
8. TRANSACTIONS WITH RELATED PARTIES (CONTINUED)
Prior to February 1996, the Company's former President and Chief Executive
Officer ("CEO"), William C. Govier, was a consultant to the Company on clinical
trials and NDA filing matters, both as an individual and as a consultant with
Aegis Technology, Inc. ("Aegis"), an entity co-founded by Govier and Gail
Salzberg. Dr. Govier retired from the Company on January 16, 1998. Salzberg also
provided consulting services to the Company both as an individual and as a
consultant with Aegis. During 1997, 1998 and 1999, the Company paid to Salzberg
and expensed approximately $261,600, $232,300 and $196,807 respectively, related
to these arrangements.
During 1999, the Company paid $36,825 to Taylor Pharmaceuticals for the
consulting services of Dr. Abu Alam regarding the manufacturing scale-up of the
Company's liposomal products. Taylor Pharmaceuticals is a subsidiary of
Akorn, Inc., a company in which Dr. Kapoor is a major shareholder and Chairman.
The Following table summarizes the related party expenses discussed above:
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
-----------------------------------
RELATED PARTY EXPENSE TYPE 1997 1998 1999
- ------------- ------------------- --------- --------- -----------
Georgetown University.................. Research & Fees $247,052 $123,205 $1,018,639
Gail Salzberg.......................... Consulting 261,552 232,283 196,807
Taylor Pharmaceuticals................. Consulting -- -- 36,825
E.J. Financial Enterprises............. Consulting 125,000 125,000 125,000
E.J. Financial Enterprises............. Direct Expense 66,081 11,331 6,251
-------- -------- ----------
Total Research and Development
expenses............................. $699,685 $491,819 $1,383,522
-------- -------- ----------
Option Care, Inc....................... Rent and Expenses 3,000 35,663 33,025
-------- -------- ----------
Total general and Administration
expenses............................. $ 3,000 $ 35,663 $ 33,025
-------- -------- ----------
Total related party expenses:.......... $702,685 $527,482 $1,416,547
======== ======== ==========
Management believes that the terms of the related party transactions
described above were at fair market rates.
51
NEOPHARM, INC.
(A DELAWARE CORPORATION)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
DECEMBER 31, 1998 AND 1999
9. STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
In January 1995, the Company amended its Certificate of Incorporation to
increase the number of authorized shares of common stock to 15,000,000 shares.
In October 1995, the Company amended its Certificate of Incorporation to convert
each 1.28681 shares of outstanding Common Stock into one share of Common Stock
and to restate the par value of the Common Stock from $0.000333 per share to
$0.000429 per share. The reverse stock split has been reflected retroactively in
these financial statements for all periods presented.
In January 1996, the Company completed a public offering of newly issued
1,350,000 shares of common stock and 675,000 warrants, for proceeds of
approximately $8,585,000 net of expenses. On March 8, 1996 the Company issued
36,130 shares of common stock and 18,565 warrants related to the underwriter's
over-allotment option for proceeds of approximately $267,000, net of expenses.
Additionally, the Company issued 574,008 shares and 143,502 warrants upon
conversion of its debt. Since July 25, 1997, the warrants have been subject to
redemption at $0.01 per warrant on thirty (30) days prior written notice to the
warrant holders. However, the warrants can only be redeemed if the average
closing price of the Company's stock as reported on AMEX equals or exceeds $5.60
per share for twenty (20) trading days within a period of thirty
(30) consecutive trading days ending on the fifth trading day prior to the date
of the notice of redemption. Each warrant can be converted into two shares of
common stock at $4.90 per share.
In connection with the public offering, the Company issued 135,000
Representative's warrants to the underwriter. The warrants can be converted into
270,000 shares of common stock at $4.90 per share and/or 67,500 underlying
warrants at $0.14 per warrant. The underlying warrants in turn can be converted
into 135,000 shares of common stock at $6.86 per share.
The Company called its 837,067 redeemable common stock purchase warrants and
the 67,500 warrants underlying its representative's warrants on June 24, 1999.
The period for exercising the outstanding warrants closed at the close of
business on July 27, 1999. Warrant holders exercised 836,942 of the redeemable
warrants and 67,500 of the underlying warrants for total net proceeds to the
Company of $9,074,386.
Additionally, holders of the Company's Representative warrants that were
issued as part of the initial public offering exercised on a cashless basis
44,935 of 86,000 outstanding warrants. Each warrant entitles the holder to two
shares of common stock for one exercise price of $9.80. At December 31, 1999
there were 41,065 Representative Warrants outstanding.
52
NEOPHARM, INC.
(A DELAWARE CORPORATION)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
DECEMBER 31, 1998 AND 1999
10. QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA (unaudited)
The following table summarizes the quarterly financial data for the years
ended December 31, 1999 and 1998:
RESEARCH & GENERAL &
DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATIVE OPERATING EARNINGS PER SHARE
1999 NET REVENUES EXPENSE EXPENSE INCOME/(LOSS) NET INCOME/(LOSS) BASIC DILUTED
- ---- ------------ ------------ -------------- ------------- ----------------- ------------ --------
March 31, 1999........ 9,000,000 1,500,434 597,994 6,901,572 4,160,719 0.49 0.38
June 30, 1999......... -- 516,892 502,355 (1,019,247) (573,925) (0.07) (0.07)
September 30, 1999.... 2,000,000 567,698 501,462 930,840 698,237 0.07 0.06
December 31, 1999..... -- 1,173,956 845,115 (2,019,071) (530,555) (0.05) (0.05)
1998
March 31, 1998........ -- 172,527 291,966 (464,493) (427,111) (0.05) (0.05)
June 30, 1998......... -- 375,446 319,761 (695,207) (667,139) (0.08) (0.08)
September 30, 1998.... -- 372,786 325,346 (698,132) (682,545) (0.08) (0.08)
December 31, 1998..... -- 690,584 754,059 (1,444,643) 203,072 0.02 0.02
53