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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

       
x   Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

 
For the Quarterly Period Ended March 31, 2003

OR

       
o   Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the Transition Period From _____________________ to _____________________

Commission file number 001-07260

Nortel Networks Corporation
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

     
Canada
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
  Not Applicable
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
     
8200 Dixie Road, Suite 100
Brampton, Ontario, Canada

(Address of principal executive offices)
   
L6T 5P6
(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number including area code (905) 863-0000

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes ü                  No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ü              No

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as at April 30, 2003

3,852,615,643 without nominal or par value



 


TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Consolidated Statements of Operations
Consolidated Balance Sheets
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
ITEM 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk
ITEM 4. Controls and Procedures
PART II OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. Legal Proceedings
ITEM 2. Changes in Securities and Use of Proceeds
ITEM 6. Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-K
SIGNATURES
CERTIFICATIONS
Exhibit 10.1
Exhibit 10.2
Exhibit 99.1


Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I
FINANCIAL INFORMATION

                 
            PAGE
           
ITEM 1.  
Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
    4  
 
ITEM 2.  
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
    28  
 
ITEM 3.  
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
    62  
 
ITEM 4.  
Controls and Procedures
    62  

PART II
OTHER INFORMATION

                 
ITEM 1.  
Legal Proceedings
    63  
 
ITEM 2.  
Changes in Securities and Use of Proceeds
    63  
 
ITEM 6.  
Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-K
    63  
 
Signatures  
 
    65  
 
Certifications
 
    66  

 

All dollar amounts in this document are in United States dollars unless otherwise stated.

 

NORTEL NETWORKS, NORTEL NETWORKS LOGO, NT and the GLOBEMARK are trademarks of Nortel Networks.
MOODY’S is a trademark of Moody’s Investor Services, Inc.
S&P 100, S&P 500 and STANDARD & POOR’S are trademarks of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

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PART I
FINANCIAL INFORMATION

                 
ITEM 1.  
Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
       
 
       
Contents of Consolidated Financial Statements
                 
            PAGE
           
       
Consolidated Statements of Operations
    4  
 
       
Consolidated Balance Sheets
    5  
 
       
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
    6  
 
       
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
    7  

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NORTEL NETWORKS CORPORATION
Consolidated Statements of Operations (unaudited) for the three months ended

                   

      March 31,     March 31,
(millions of U.S. dollars, except per share amounts)   2003     2002

Revenues
  $ 2,399     $ 2,912  
Cost of revenues
    1,370       2,154  

Gross profit
    1,029       758  
 
Selling, general and administrative expense
    487       744  
Research and development expense
    489       595  
Amortization of acquired technology
    33       43  
Deferred stock option compensation
    15       25  
Special charges
    134       487  
Gain on sale of businesses
          (14 )

Operating loss
    (129 )     (1,122 )
 
Other income (expense) — net
    50       (19 )
Interest expense
               
 
Long-term debt
    (45 )     (58 )
 
Other
    (7 )     (12 )

Loss from continuing operations before income taxes
    (131 )     (1,211 )
Income tax benefit
    2       374  

 
    (129 )     (837 )
Equity in net loss of associated companies — net of tax
    (7 )     (4 )

Net loss from continuing operations
    (136 )     (841 )
Net earnings from discontinued operations — net of tax
    190        

Net earnings (loss)
  $ 54     $ (841 )

 
Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per common share
               
 
— from continuing operations
  $ (0.03 )   $ (0.26 )
 
— from discontinued operations
    0.04        

Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per common share
  $ 0.01     $ (0.26 )

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

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NORTEL NETWORKS CORPORATION
Consolidated Balance Sheets (unaudited) as at

                   

      March 31,     December 31,
(millions of U.S. dollars)   2003     2002

ASSETS
               
Current assets
               
 
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 3,999     $ 3,861  
 
Restricted cash and cash equivalents
    227       249  
 
Accounts receivable (less provisions of $403 at March 31, 2003; $477 at December 31, 2002)
    1,857       1,910  
 
Inventories — net
    846       889  
 
Income taxes recoverable
    60       58  
 
Deferred income taxes — net
    785       791  
 
Other current assets
    420       718  

Total current assets
    8,194       8,476  
 
Investments at cost and associated companies at equity
    211       246  
Plant and equipment — net
    1,397       1,444  
Goodwill
    2,201       2,201  
Intangible assets — net
    65       98  
Deferred income taxes — net
    3,040       2,723  
Other assets
    786       783  

Total assets
  $ 15,894     $ 15,971  

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
               
Current liabilities
               
 
Notes payable
  $ 78     $ 100  
 
Trade and other accounts payable
    776       902  
 
Payroll and benefit-related liabilities
    668       521  
 
Contractual liabilities
    1,458       1,547  
 
Restructuring
    702       785  
 
Other accrued liabilities
    2,668       2,894  
 
Long-term debt due within one year
    234       233  

Total current liabilities
    6,584       6,982  
 
Long-term debt
    3,664       3,719  
Deferred income taxes — net
    487       344  
Other liabilities
    2,413       2,352  

 
    13,148       13,397  

Minority interest in subsidiary companies
    606       614  
 
Guarantees, commitments and contingencies (notes 9 and 15)
               
 
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
               
Common shares, without par value — Authorized shares: unlimited;
               
 
Issued and outstanding shares: 3,862,915,463 at March 31, 2003 and 3,850,284,146 at December 31, 2002
    33,620       33,587  
Additional paid-in capital
    3,690       3,734  
Deferred stock option compensation
    (70 )     (96 )
Deficit
    (33,682 )     (33,736 )
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
    (1,418 )     (1,529 )

Total shareholders’ equity
    2,140       1,960  

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
  $ 15,894     $ 15,971  

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

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NORTEL NETWORKS CORPORATION
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited) for the three months ended

                       

          March 31,     March 31,
(millions of U.S. dollars)   2003     2002

Cash flows from (used in) operating activities
               
 
Net loss from continuing operations
  $ (136 )   $ (841 )
 
Adjustments to reconcile net loss from continuing operations to net cash from (used in) operating activities, net of effects from acquisitions and divestitures of businesses:
               
   
Amortization and depreciation
    140       199  
   
Non-cash portion of special charges and related asset write downs
    (5 )     97  
   
Equity in net loss of associated companies
    7       4  
   
Current and deferred stock option compensation
    20       25  
   
Deferred income taxes
    (6 )     (383 )
   
Other liabilities
    26       (37 )
   
Gain on repurchases of outstanding debt securities
    (4 )      
   
(Gain) loss on sale or write down of investments and businesses
    33       (22 )
   
Other — net
    29       69  
   
Change in operating assets and liabilities:
               
     
Accounts receivable
    47       173  
     
Inventories
    111       90  
     
Income taxes
    (5 )     530  
     
Restructuring
    (190 )     (387 )
     
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
    (153 )     158  
     
Other operating assets and liabilities
    5       (107 )

 
Net cash used in operating activities of continuing operations
    (81 )     (432 )

Cash flows from (used in) investing activities
               
 
Expenditures for plant and equipment
    (18 )     (103 )
 
Proceeds on disposals of plant and equipment
    6       44  
 
Decrease in restricted cash and cash equivalents
    20        
 
Increase in long-term receivables
    (9 )     (107 )
 
Decrease in long-term receivables
    5       89  
 
Acquisitions of investments and businesses — net of cash acquired
    (2 )     (19 )
 
Proceeds on sale of investments and businesses
    7       59  

 
Net cash from (used in) investing activities of continuing operations
    9       (37 )

Cash flows from (used in) financing activities
               
 
Decrease in notes payable — net
    (17 )     (11 )
 
Proceeds from long-term debt
          11  
 
Repayments of long-term debt
    (43 )     (2 )
 
Decrease in capital leases payable
    (1 )     (4 )
 
Issuance of common shares
          5  

 
Net cash used in financing activities of continuing operations
    (61 )     (1 )

 
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
    18       (6 )

 
Net cash used in continuing operations
    (115 )     (476 )
 
Net cash from discontinued operations
    253       52  

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
    138       (424 )

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period — net
    3,861       3,513  

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period — net
  $ 3,999     $ 3,089  

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

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NORTEL NETWORKS CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
(millions of U.S. dollars, except per share amounts, unless otherwise stated)

1.   Significant accounting policies
 
    Basis of presentation
 
    The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of Nortel Networks Corporation (“Nortel Networks”) include all majority owned subsidiaries over which Nortel Networks exercises control and have been prepared in accordance with the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) for the preparation of interim financial information. They do not include all information and notes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) in the preparation of annual consolidated financial statements. The accounting policies used in the preparation of the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements are the same as those described in Nortel Networks audited consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP for the three years ended December 31, 2002, except as described in note 2. Although Nortel Networks is headquartered in Canada, the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements are expressed in United States dollars as the greater part of Nortel Networks financial results and net assets are denominated in United States dollars.
 
    In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary to effect a fair statement of the results for the periods presented have been made and all such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. The financial results for the three months ended March 31, 2003 are not necessarily indicative of financial results for the full year. The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with Nortel Networks Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002 filed with the SEC on March 10, 2003.
 
    Recent accounting pronouncements

  (a)   In April 2003, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 149, “Amendment of SFAS No. 133 on Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities” (“SFAS No. 149”). SFAS 149 amends and clarifies accounting for derivative instruments, including certain derivative instruments embedded in other contracts, and for hedging activities under SFAS No. 133 “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities” (“SFAS 133”). In particular, it (1) clarifies under what circumstances a contract with an initial net investment meets the characteristic of a derivative as discussed in SFAS 133, (2) clarifies when a derivative contains a financing component, (3) amends the definition of an underlying to conform it to the language used in FASB Interpretation No. (“FIN”) 45, “Guarantor Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees, Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others” (“FIN 45”) and (4) amends certain other existing pronouncements.
 
      SFAS 149 is effective for contracts entered into or modified after June 30, 2003, except as stated below and for hedging relationships designated after June 30, 2003.
 
      The provisions of SFAS 149 that relate to SFAS 133 implementation issues that have been effective for fiscal quarters that began prior to June 15, 2003, should continue to be applied in accordance with their respective effective dates. In addition, certain provisions relating to forward purchases or sales of when-issued securities or other securities that do not yet exist, should be applied to existing contracts as well as new contracts entered into after June 30, 2003. SFAS No. 149 should be applied prospectively.
 
      Nortel Networks will adopt the provisions of SFAS 149 for the quarter ending June 30, 2003. Nortel Networks has not yet determined the impact that the adoption of SFAS 149 will have on its business, results of operations and financial position.
 
  (b)   In January 2003, the FASB issued FIN 46 — “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities” (“FIN 46”). FIN 46 clarifies the application of Accounting Research Bulletin No. 51 — Consolidated Financial Statements to those entities defined as “Variable Interest Entities” (more commonly referred to as special purpose entities) in which equity investors do not have the characteristics of a “controlling financial interest” or do not have sufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from other parties. FIN 46 applies immediately to all Variable Interest Entities created after January 31, 2003, and by the beginning of the first interim or annual reporting period commencing after June 15, 2003 for Variable Interest Entities created prior to February 1, 2003.
 
      Nortel Networks currently conducts certain receivable sales and lease financing transactions through special purpose entities and is in the process of assessing the structure of these transactions against the criteria set out in FIN 46. Receivable sales transactions are generally conducted either directly with financial institutions or with multi-seller conduits. It is not expected that Nortel Networks will be required to consolidate any of these special purpose entities or provide any of the additional disclosures set out in FIN 46.
 
      Certain lease financing transactions are structured through single transaction special purpose entities that currently do not have sufficient equity at risk as defined in FIN 46. In addition, Nortel Networks retains certain risks associated with guaranteeing recovery of the unamortized principal balance of the debt which is expected to represent the majority of the risks associated with the special purpose entities’ activities. The amount of the guarantee will be adjusted over time as the underlying debt matures. Therefore, it is expected that unless the existing arrangements are modified prior to July 1, 2003, Nortel Networks will be required to consolidate the assets, liabilities and any non-controlling interests of these special purpose entities effective July 1, 2003. The total assets and total liabilities held by these entities at March 31, 2003 were each approximately $176 and these amounts represent the collateral and maximum exposure to loss, respectively, as a result of our involvement with these entities.
 
  (c)   In November 2002, the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) reached a consensus on Issue 00-21, “Accounting for Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables” (“EITF 00-21”), which must be applied to all revenue arrangements entered into after June 30, 2003. However, the EITF is continuing discussion of the interaction of EITF 00-21 with higher level accounting literature, including Statement of Position 81-1, “Accounting

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      for Performance of Construction-Type and Certain Production-Type Contracts”. EITF 00-21 governs how to separately account for goods or services or both that are to be delivered in a bundled sales arrangement and allows for either prospective application or a cumulative adjustment upon adoption. Nortel Networks is unable to determine the impact of EITF 00-21 on its business, results of operations and financial condition, until the EITF resolves uncertainties regarding the scope of this pronouncement.

    Comparative figures
 
    Certain 2002 figures in the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the 2003 presentation.
 
2.   Accounting changes

  (a)   Stock-based compensation
 
      Prior to fiscal 2003, Nortel Networks, as permitted under SFAS No. 123, “Accounting for Stock-based Compensation” (“SFAS 123”), applied Accounting Principles Board Opinion (“APB”) No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees” (“APB 25”), and related interpretations in accounting for its stock-based compensation plans. SFAS 123 required disclosure of pro forma amounts to reflect the impact if Nortel Networks had elected to adopt the optional recognition provisions of SFAS 123 for its stock option plans and employee stock purchase plans.
 
      In December 2002, the FASB issued SFAS No. 148, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation — Transition and Disclosure — an Amendment of FASB Statement No. 123” (“SFAS 148”), which amended the transitional provisions of SFAS 123 for entities choosing to recognize stock-based compensation under the fair value based method of SFAS 123, rather than electing to continue to follow the intrinsic value method of APB 25. Under SFAS 148, Nortel Networks could have adopted the recommendations of SFAS 123 either (1) prospectively to awards granted or modified after the beginning of the year of adoption, (2) retroactively with restatement for awards granted or modified since January 1, 1995, or (3) prospectively to awards granted or modified since January 1, 1995. Effective January 1, 2003, Nortel Networks has elected to expense employee stock-based compensation using the fair value based method prospectively for all awards granted or modified after January 1, 2003. The effect of adoption of SFAS 148 was a stock option expense of $5 for the three months ended March 31, 2003.
 
      Had Nortel Networks applied the fair value based method to all stock-based awards, reported net earnings (loss) and earnings (loss) per common share would have decreased (increased) to the pro forma amounts indicated below for each of the three months ended:

                     
 

        March 31,     March 31,
        2003     2002
 

 
Net earnings (loss) — reported
  $ 54     $ (841 )
   
Stock-based compensation — reported(a)
    15       2  
   
Deferred stock option compensation — reported(b)
    15       25  
   
Pro forma stock-based compensation(c)
    (79 )     (264 )
 

 
Net earnings (loss) — pro forma
  $ 5     $ (1,078 )
 

 
Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per common share — reported
  $ 0.01     $ (0.26 )
   
Stock-based compensation — reported(a)
    0.01        
   
Deferred stock option compensation — reported(b)
          0.01  
   
Pro forma stock-based compensation(c)
    (0.02 )     (0.08 )
 

 
Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per common share — pro forma
  $     $ (0.33 )
 

  (a)   Included in stock-based compensation — reported for the three months ended March 31, 2003 was stock option expense of $5 (net of tax of nil) and restricted stock units expense of $10 (net of tax of nil).
  (b)   Deferred stock option compensation represented the amortization of deferred stock option compensation related primarily to unvested stock options held by employees of companies acquired in a purchase acquisition. The amount was tax effected and the deferred tax asset was offset by a full valuation allowance.
  (c)   Pro forma stock-based compensation was net of tax of $13 and $74 for the three months ended March 31, 2003 and 2002, respectively.

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      The fair value of stock options used to compute pro forma net earnings (loss) and net earnings (loss) per common share was the estimated fair value at grant date using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions for each of the three months ended:

                     
 

        March 31,     March 31,
        2003     2002
 

 
Black-Scholes weighted-average assumptions
               
   
Expected dividend
    0.00 %     0.00 %
   
Expected volatility
    92.48 %     71.17 %
   
Risk-free interest rate
    2.82 %     4.50 %
   
Expected option life in years
    4       4  
 
Weighted average stock option fair value per option granted
  $ 1.56     $ 3.63  
 

  (b)   Guarantees
 
      Nortel Networks has entered into agreements that contain features which meet the definition of a guarantee under FIN 45. FIN 45 defines a guarantee to be a contract that contingently requires Nortel Networks to make payments (either in cash, financial instruments, other assets, common shares of Nortel Networks or through the provision of services) to a third party based on changes in an underlying economic characteristic (such as interest rates or market value) that is related to an asset, a liability or an equity security of the other party. Effective January 1, 2003, Nortel Networks adopted the initial recognition and measurement provisions of FIN 45, which apply on a prospective basis to certain guarantees issued or modified after December 31, 2002. FIN 45 requires that a liability be recognized for the estimated fair value of the guarantee at its inception. The adoption of FIN 45 did not have a material impact on the business, results of operations and financial condition of Nortel Networks. See note 9 for additional disclosure on guarantees.
 
  (c)   Asset retirement obligations
 
      Effective January, 1, 2003, Nortel Networks adopted the initial recognition and measurement provisions of SFAS No. 143, “Accounting for Asset Retirement Obligations” (“SFAS 143”), which applies to certain obligations associated with the retirement of tangible long-lived assets. SFAS 143 requires that a liability be recognized for the estimated fair value of the obligation when it is incurred. The adoption of SFAS 143 did not have a material impact on Nortel Networks business, results of operations and financial condition.
 
  (d)   Accounting for costs associated with exit or disposal activities
 
      In June 2002, the FASB issued SFAS No. 146 “Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities” (“SFAS 146”), which is effective for exit or disposal activities initiated after December 31, 2002. SFAS 146 supercedes EITF Issue No. 94-3 “Liability Recognition for Certain Employee Termination Benefits and Other Costs to Exit an Activity (including Certain Costs Incurred in Restructuring)” (“EITF 94-3”). SFAS 146 requires that costs associated with an exit or disposal activity be recognized when the liability is incurred, whereas EITF 94-3 required recognition of a liability when an entity committed to an exit plan. The effect of SFAS 146 will be to change the timing of recognition of certain liabilities and no material valuation differences are expected. Plans initiated before December 31, 2002 continue to be accounted for under EITF 94-3. Nortel Networks adopted the requirements of SFAS 146 effective January 1, 2003. See note 5 for additional disclosure and the effects of adoption of SFAS 146.

3.   Consolidated financial statement details
 
    The following unaudited consolidated financial statement details are presented as at March 31, 2003 and December 31, 2002 for the consolidated balance sheet details, and for each of the three months ended March 31, 2003 and 2002 for the consolidated statement of cash flows:

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    Consolidated balance sheets
 
    Inventories — net:

                   
 

      March 31,     December 31,
      2003     2002
 

 
Raw materials
  $ 302     $ 343  
 
Work in process
    280       308  
 
Finished goods
    264       238  
 

 
Inventories — net(a)
  $ 846     $ 889  
 

  (a)   Net of inventory provisions of $964 and $1,015 as at March 31, 2003 and December 31, 2002, respectively. Included in Other accrued liabilities were accruals of $157 and $168 at March 31, 2003 and December 31, 2002, respectively for cancellation charges, inventory in excess of future demand and the settlement of certain other claims related to contract manufacturers or suppliers.

    Plant and equipment — net:

                     
 

        March 31,     December 31,
        2003     2002
 

 
Cost:
               
   
Land
  $ 55     $ 54  
   
Buildings
    1,194       1,193  
   
Machinery and equipment
    3,716       3,931  
 

 
 
    4,965       5,178  
 

 
Less accumulated depreciation:
               
   
Buildings
    (471 )     (490 )
   
Machinery and equipment
    (3,097 )     (3,244 )
 

 
 
    (3,568 )     (3,734 )
 

 
Plant and equipment — net
  $ 1,397     $ 1,444  
 

    Intangible assets — net:

                   
 

      March 31,     December 31,
      2003     2002
 

 
Acquired technology
  $ 391     $ 391  
 
Less: accumulated amortization
    (326 )     (293 )
 

 
Acquired technology — net(a)
  $ 65     $ 98  
 

  (a)   Acquired technology is expected to be fully amortized by September 30, 2003.

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    Other accrued liabilities:

                   
 

      March 31,     December 31,
      2003     2002
 

 
Outsourcing and selling, general and administrative related
  $ 647     $ 698  
 
Customer deposits
    358       390  
 
Product related
    364       373  
 
Warranty
    240       240  
 
Deferred income
    247       219  
 
Miscellaneous taxes
    108       126  
 
Income taxes payable
    76       99  
 
Current liabilities of discontinued operations
    66       83  
 
Interest expense
    40       77  
 
Other
    522       589  
 

 
Other accrued liabilities
  $ 2,668     $ 2,894  
 

    Consolidated statements of cash flows
 
    Interest and income taxes paid (recovered):

                   
 

      March 31,     March 31,
      2003     2002
 

 
Interest paid
  $ 82     $ 114  
 
Income taxes paid (recovered)
  $ 20     $ (504 )
 

    Goodwill
 
    Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price of an acquired enterprise over the fair values of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Nortel Networks tests for impairment of goodwill on an annual basis on October 1, and at any other time if events occur or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the reporting unit below its carrying amount.
 
    Circumstances that could trigger an impairment test include but are not limited to: a significant adverse change in the business climate or legal factors; an adverse action or assessment by a regulator; unanticipated competition; loss of key personnel; the likelihood that a reporting unit or significant portion of a reporting unit will be sold or otherwise disposed; results of testing for recoverability of a significant asset group within a reporting unit; and recognition of a goodwill impairment loss in the financial statements of a subsidiary that is a component of a reporting unit.
 
    The impairment test for goodwill is a two-step process. Step one consists of a comparison of the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount, including the goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. Measurement of the fair value of a reporting unit is based on one or more of the following fair value measures including: estimated amounts at which the unit as a whole could be bought or sold in a current transaction between willing parties; using present value techniques of estimated future cash flows; or using valuation techniques based on multiples of earnings or revenue, or a similar performance measure. Nortel Networks also considers its market capitalization as of the date of the impairment test. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value, step two requires the fair value of the reporting unit to be allocated to the underlying assets and liabilities of that reporting unit, resulting in an implied fair value of goodwill. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of that goodwill, an impairment loss equal to the excess is recorded in net earnings (loss).
 
    Other
 
    During the three months ended March 31, 2003 Nortel Networks net earnings (loss) included approximately $80 of favorable impacts (of which $50 was included in Other income (expense) — net, $25 in selling, general and administrative expense and $5 in research and development expense) associated with reductions in accruals principally related to the wind-down of integration activities of previously acquired companies, operations originally structured as joint ventures and miscellaneous tax matters.
 
4.   Segmented information
 
    General description
 
    Nortel Networks operations are organized around four reportable segments: Wireless Networks; Enterprise Networks; Wireline Networks; and Optical Networks. Wireless Networks includes network access and core networking products for voice and data communications that span second and third generation wireless technologies and most major global standards for mobile networks. Enterprise Networks includes circuit and packet voice solutions, data networking and security solutions and the related professional services used by our enterprise customers. Wireline Networks includes circuit and packet voice solutions, data networking and security solutions and the related professional services used by our service provider customers. Optical Networks includes metropolitan, regional and long-haul photonic dense wavelength division multiplexing transmission systems, synchronous optical transmission systems, optical switching solutions, network management software and intelligence solutions and Optical Ethernet solutions for our service provider and enterprise customers.
 
    “Other” represents miscellaneous business activities and corporate functions. None of these activities meet the quantitative criteria to be disclosed as reportable segments.

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    Segments
 
    The following tables set forth information by segment for each of the three months ended:

                   
 

      March 31,     March 31,
      2003     2002
 

 
Revenues
               
 
Wireless Networks
  $ 953     $ 1,136  
 
Enterprise Networks
    613       675  
 
Wireline Networks
    562       682  
 
Optical Networks
    270       406  
 
Other
    1       13  
 

 
Total
  $ 2,399     $ 2,912  
 

 
Contribution margin
               
 
Wireless Networks
    316       244  
 
Enterprise Networks
    145       86  
 
Wireline Networks
    152       94  
 
Optical Networks
    12       (292 )
 
Other
    (83 )     (118 )
 

 
Total
  $ 542     $ 14  
 

 
Research and development expense
    (489 )     (595 )
 
Amortization of acquired technology
    (33 )     (43 )
 
Deferred stock option compensation
    (15 )     (25 )
 
Special charges
    (134 )     (487 )
 
Gain on sale of businesses
          14  
 
Other income (expense) — net
    50       (19 )
 
Interest expense
    (52 )     (70 )
 

 
Loss from continuing operations before income taxes
  $ (131 )   $ (1,211 )
 

    For the three months ended March 31, 2003, one customer accounted for 10.1 percent of total revenues. No single customer accounted for greater than 10 percent of revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2002.
 
5.   Special charges
 
    During the three months ended March 31, 2003, Nortel Networks continued to implement its restructuring work plan initiated in 2001. Changes in the provision for special charges are shown below:

                                             
 

                Contract                        
                settlement     Plant and          
        Workforce     and lease     equipment                  
        reduction     costs     write downs     Other     Total
 

 
Provision balance as at December 31, 2002(a)
  $ 435     $ 673     $     $ 11     $ 1,119  
   
Special charges
    61       78       (5 )           134  
   
Cash drawdowns
    (132 )     (55 )           (3 )     (190 )
   
Non-cash drawdowns
                5             5  
 

 
Provision balance as at March 31, 2003(a)
  $ 364     $ 696     $     $ 8     $ 1,068  
 

  (a)   At March 31, 2003 and December 31, 2002, the short-term provision balance was $702 and $785, respectively, and the long-term provision balance was $366 and $334, respectively (included in Other liabilities).

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    Regular full-time (“RFT”) employee notifications included in special charges were as follows:

                           
 
      Employees (approximate)
      Direct(a)     Indirect(b)     Total
 
 
RFT employee notifications for the three months ended March 31, 2003
    300       500       800  
 
  (a)   Direct employees included employees performing manufacturing, assembly, test and inspection activities associated with the production of Nortel Networks products.
  (b)   Indirect employees included employees performing manufacturing management, sales, marketing, research and development and administrative activities.

    Three months ended March 31, 2003
 
    For the three months ended March 31, 2003, Nortel Networks recorded total special charges of $134.
 
    Workforce reduction charges of $61 were related to severance and benefit costs associated with approximately 800 employees notified of termination during the three month period ended March 31, 2003 which extended across all segments. These charges were net of $10 relating to provision amounts that were no longer required. During the three month period ended March 31, 2003, the workforce reduction provision balance was drawn down by cash payments of $132. The remaining provision is expected to be substantially drawn down by mid 2004.
 
    Contract settlement and lease costs of $78 consisted of net lease charges related to a number of leased facilities (comprised of office, warehouse and manufacturing space) and leased manufacturing equipment that were no longer required, across all segments. Lease costs represented Nortel Networks estimated future net contractual obligations under its operating leases for those leases that Nortel Networks cannot terminate. Included in the $78 of contract settlement and lease costs was $55 relating to changes in sublease revenue assumptions associated with certain properties and $23 of net lease charges related to newly identified leased facilities and equipment that were no longer required which were valued using the estimated net present value method as prescribed under SFAS 146. During the three months ended March 31, 2003, the provision balance for contract settlement and lease costs was drawn down by cash payments of $55. The remaining provision, net of approximately $345 in expected sublease revenue, is expected to be substantially drawn down by the end of 2010.
 
    Plant and equipment write downs of $(5) were net of $(26) related primarily to changes in the estimated net realizable value of leasehold improvements and related assets. Current period write downs to net realizable value were $21 for various leasehold improvements and excess equipment.
 
6.   Income taxes
 
    At March 31, 2003, Nortel Networks net deferred tax assets, excluding discontinued operations, were $3,338, reflecting temporary differences between financial reporting and tax treatment of certain assets and liabilities, in addition to the tax benefit of net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. These carryforwards expire at various dates beginning in 2003.
 
    During the three months ended March 31, 2003, Nortel Networks recorded a full valuation allowance on the tax benefit of the pre-tax loss from continuing operations of $131. The valuation allowance was recorded in accordance with SFAS No. 109, “Accounting for Income taxes”, which requires that tax valuation allowances be established when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a company’s deferred tax assets will not be realized. The valuation allowances can be primarily attributed to continued uncertainty in the telecommunications market.
 
7.   Long-term debt, credit and support facilities
 
    Long-term debt
 
    During the three months ended March 31, 2003, Nortel Networks purchased a portion of its 6.125 percent notes due February 15, 2006 with a face value of $39. The transaction resulted in a gain of $4 which was included in the consolidated statement of operations within Other income (expense) — net.

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    Credit facilities
 
    At March 31, 2003 and December 31, 2002, Nortel Networks had total unused committed credit facilities of $750.
 
    Support facilities
 
    On February 14, 2003, Nortel Networks principal direct operating subsidiary, Nortel Networks Limited (“NNL”), entered into an agreement with Export Development Canada (“EDC”) regarding arrangements to provide for support, on a secured basis, of certain performance related obligations arising out of normal course business activities for the benefit of Nortel Networks (the “EDC Support Facility”). The agreement expires on June 30, 2004.
 
    The EDC Support Facility provides for up to $750 in support including $300 of committed revolving support for performance bonds or similar instruments, of which $95 was utilized as at March 31, 2003. The remainder is uncommitted support for performance bonds, receivables sales and/or securitizations, of which $65 was utilized as at March 31, 2003. For additional information, see Nortel Networks Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002 and Nortel Networks Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 14, 2003 with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
 
    NNL’s obligations under the EDC Support Facility are secured on an equal basis under the existing security agreements entered into by NNL and various of its subsidiaries that pledge substantially all of the assets of NNL in favor of certain banks, including the banks under NNL and Nortel Networks Inc. (“NNI”) $750 April 2000 five year credit facilities and the holders of Nortel Networks public debt securities (see note 17).
 
8.   Financial instruments and hedging activities
 
    During the three months ended March 31, 2003, various cross currency coupon swaps (notional amount of Canadian $350) were terminated. There was no impact to net earnings (loss) on termination as these instruments were not designated as hedges and were previously fair valued through net earnings (loss).
 
9.   Guarantees and commitments
 
    Guarantees
 
    Nortel Networks has estimated the expected cash flow associated with certain guarantees issued or modified after December 31, 2002 using a sum of probability-weighted amounts in a range of possible estimated amounts. The estimation resulted in an insignificant accrual for the three months ended March 31, 2003.
 
    Bid, performance related and other bonds
 
    Nortel Networks has entered into bid, performance related and other bonds associated with various contracts. Bid bonds generally have a term less than twelve months. Performance related bonds generally have a term of twelve months. Other bonds generally have a term of twenty-four months. The various contracts to which these bonds apply generally have terms ranging from two to five years. Potential payments due under these bonds are related to Nortel Networks non-performance under the applicable contract. The following table sets forth the maximum potential amount of future payments under bid, performance related and other bonds, net of restricted cash and cash equivalents, as at:

                   
 

      March 31,     December 31,
      2003     2002
 

 
Bid and performance related bonds(a)
  $ 318     $ 400  
 
Other bonds(b)
    39       35  
 

 
Total bid, performance related and other bonds
  $ 357     $ 435  
 

  (a)   Net of restricted cash and cash equivalent amounts of $184 and $195 as at March 31, 2003 and December 31, 2002, respectively.
  (b)   Net of restricted cash and cash equivalent amounts of $22 and $19 as at March 31, 2003 and December 31, 2002, respectively.

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    Customer financing
 
    Pursuant to certain financing agreements, Nortel Networks is committed to provide future financing in connection with purchases of Nortel Networks products and services. Commitments to extend future financing generally have conditions for funding, fixed expiration or termination dates and specific interest rates and purposes. Nortel Networks attempts to limit its financing credit risk by utilizing an internal credit committee that actively monitors the credit exposure of Nortel Networks. The following table sets forth customer financing related information and commitments, excluding discontinued operations, as at:

                   
 

      March 31,     December 31,
      2003     2002
 

 
Drawn and outstanding — gross(a)
  $ 962     $ 1,091  
 
Provisions for doubtful accounts
    (699 )     (799 )
 

 
Drawn and outstanding — net
    263       292  
 
Undrawn commitments
    649       801  
 

 
Total customer financing
  $ 912     $ 1,093  
 

  (a)   Included short-term and long-term amounts.

10.   Restricted cash and cash equivalents
 
    As at March 31, 2003 and December 31, 2002, approximately $227 and $249 of cash and cash equivalents, respectively, was restricted as collateral for certain bid, performance related and other bonds. In addition to the payment of fees, cash and cash equivalent collateral was also required in connection with obtaining new bid, performance related and other bonds as a result of the general economic and industry environment and NNL’s current credit ratings.
 
11.   Capital stock
 
    Common shares and prepaid forward purchase contracts
 
    Nortel Networks is authorized to issue an unlimited number of common shares without nominal or par value. For the three months ended March 31, 2003, the outstanding number of common shares included in shareholders’ equity consisted of:

                       
 

          March 31, 2003
          Number        
  (Number of common shares in thousands)   of shares     $
 

 
Common shares:
               
   
Balance at beginning of period
    3,850,284     $ 33,587  
   
Shares issued pursuant to:
               
     
Stock option plans
    658       23  
     
Acquisition and acquisition related(a)
    (151 )     (6 )
     
Prepaid forward purchase contracts(b)
    12,124       16  
 

 
Balance at end of period
    3,862,915     $ 33,620  
 

 
 
(Number of prepaid forward purchase contracts)
               
 
 
Prepaid forward purchase contracts:
               
   
Balance at beginning of period
    28,722     $ 622  
   
Settlement of prepaid forward purchase contracts(b)
    (718 )     (16 )
 

 
Balance at end of period(c)
    28,004     $ 606  
 

  (a)   Common shares issued as part of the purchase price consideration. During the three months ended March 31, 2003, common shares were cancelled as earn out provisions were forfeited pursuant to their applicable agreements.
  (b)   During the three months ended March 31, 2003, 12,124,093 common shares were issued as a result of the early settlement of 718 prepaid forward purchase contracts.
  (c)   Included in additional paid-in capital of Nortel Networks consolidated balance sheet.

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12.   Earnings (loss) per common share
 
    The following table details the weighted average number of Nortel Networks common shares outstanding for each of the three months ended:

                     
 

        March 31,     March 31,
  (Number of common shares in millions)   2003(a)     2002(a)
 

 
Basic weighted average shares outstanding:
               
   
Issued and outstanding
    3,845       3,205  
   
Minimum shares to be issued as deferred consideration
    11       11  
   
Prepaid forward purchase contracts(b)
    481        
   
Other
    (1 )     (1 )
 

 
Basic weighted average shares outstanding
    4,336       3,215  
 

 
Weighted average shares dilution adjustments:
               
   
Dilutive stock options(c)
          8  
   
4.25 percent convertible senior notes due on September 1, 2008
    180       180  
 

 
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding
    4,516       3,403  
 

  (a)   As a result of the net loss from continuing operations for the three month period ended March 31, 2003 and 2002, diluted earnings per share was calculated using the basic weighted average shares outstanding because to do otherwise would have been anti-dilutive.
  (b)   The basic weighted average number of Nortel Networks common shares outstanding included the minimum number of common shares to be issued upon settlement of the prepaid forward purchase contracts, which were 472 as at March 31, 2003. The impact of the minimum number of common shares to be issued on a weighted basis was 481 and nil for the three months ended March 31, 2003 and 2002, respectively.
  (c)   Dilutive and anti-dilutive stock options were determined by using the average Nortel Networks common share price for the period. For the three months ending March 31, 2003 and 2002, the average share price used was $2.23 per share and $6.26 per share, respectively.

13.   Comprehensive income (loss)
 
    The following are the components of comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, for each of the three months ended:

                     
 

        March 31,     March 31,
        2003     2002
 

 
Net earnings (loss)
  $ 54     $ (841 )
 
Other comprehensive income (loss) adjustments:
               
   
Change in foreign currency translation adjustment(a)
    90       (73 )
   
Unrealized gain on investments — net(b)
    10       16  
   
Unrealized derivative gain on cash flow hedges — net(c)
    11       1  
 

 
Comprehensive income (loss)
  $ 165     $ (897 )
 

  (a)   The changes in the foreign currency translation adjustments were not adjusted for income taxes since they related to indefinite term investments in non-United States subsidiaries.
  (b)   Certain securities deemed available-for-sale by Nortel Networks are measured at fair value. Unrealized holding gains and losses related to these securities were excluded from net earnings (loss) and are included in comprehensive income (loss) until realized. Unrealized gain on investments was net of tax of $4 and $11 for the three months ended March 31, 2003 and 2002, respectively.
  (c)   During the three months ended March 31, 2003 and 2002, $1 and $(4), respectively, of net derivative gains (losses) were reclassified to net earnings (loss). Nortel Networks estimates that $9 of net derivative gains included in other comprehensive income (loss) will be reclassified into net earnings (loss) within the next 12 months.

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14.   Discontinued operations
 
    During the three months ended March 31, 2003, Nortel Networks substantially completed the wind-down of its access solutions operations. The initial disposal strategy or intent to exit the business was approved by the Nortel Networks Board of Directors on June 14, 2001. The continued deterioration in industry and market conditions delayed certain disposal activities beyond the original planned timeframe of one year. In particular, actions involving negotiations with customers, who were also affected by industry conditions, took longer than expected. Although disposal activities continued beyond a one-year period, Nortel Networks has continued to present the access solutions operations as discontinued operations in the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements.
 
    The following unaudited consolidated financial results for discontinued operations are presented as at March 31, 2003 and December 31, 2002 for the consolidated balance sheets, and for each of the three month periods ended March 31, 2003 and 2002, for the consolidated statements of operations and consolidated statements of cash flows:
 
    Consolidated statements of operations:

                   
 

      March 31,     March 31,
      2003     2002
 

 
Revenues
  $ 3     $ 68  
 
Net earnings from discontinued operations — net of tax(a)
  $ 190     $  
 

  (a)   Net earnings from discontinued operations were net of applicable income tax of $19 and nil for the three months ended March 31, 2003 and 2002, respectively.

    Consolidated balance sheets:

                   
 

      March 31,     December 31,
      2003     2002
 

 
Accounts receivable — net
  $     $ 20  
 
Inventories — net
    2        
 
Deferred income taxes
    66       158  
 
Other current assets(a)
    2       45  
 

 
Total current assets of discontinued operations(b)
    70     $ 223  
 
Other long-term assets(a)(b)
    54       49  
 

 
Total assets of discontinued operations
  $ 124     $ 272  
 

 
Current liabilities(b)(c)
  $ 66     $ 83  
 
Long-term liabilities(b)
    2       2  
 

 
Total liabilities of discontinued operations
  $ 68     $ 85  
 

  (a)   Included customer financing receivables of nil (net of provisions of $105) and $66 (net of provisions of $507) as at March 31, 2003 and December 31, 2002, respectively.
  (b)   Current assets, Other long-term assets, Current liabilities and Long-term liabilities of discontinued operations were included in Other current assets, Other assets, Other accrued liabilities and Other liabilities, respectively, of Nortel Networks consolidated balance sheets.
  (c)   Included accruals of $66 and $81 as at March 31, 2003 and December 31, 2002, respectively, related to the future contractual obligations and estimated liabilities during the planned period of disposition.

    Consolidated statements of cash flows:

                     
 

        March 31,     March 31,
        2003     2002
 

 
Cash flows from (used in) discontinued operations
               
   
Operating activities
  $ 12     $ 74  
   
Investing activities
    241       (22 )
 

 
Net cash from discontinued operations
  $ 253     $ 52  
 

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    Three months ended March 31, 2003
 
    On March 24, 2003, Nortel Networks sold 8 million common shares of Arris Group Inc. (“Arris”) to Arris for cash consideration of $28 pursuant to a March 11, 2003 agreement (the “March 2003 Agreement”). This resulted in a gain of $12. Upon completion of this transaction, Nortel Networks owned 14 million Arris common shares or 18.8 percent of the Arris outstanding common shares. Nortel Networks has classified its remaining ownership interest in Arris as an available-for-sale investment. In addition, on March 18, 2003, Nortel Networks assigned its membership interest in Arris Interactive LLC to ANTEC Corporation, an Arris company, for cash consideration of $89. This resulted in a gain for the full amount.
 
    Under the terms of the March 2003 Agreement, Arris has the option to purchase, from Nortel Networks, prior to the earlier of (1) June 30, 2003 and (2) at Nortel Networks election, on the occurrence of a “change of control”, or a material change in the business, of Arris, or the commencement of a third party tender offer for the common shares of Arris, an additional 8 million shares of Arris. The purchase price of these shares will be equal to the greater of $4.00 per share or 90 percent of the five trading day volume weighted average market price prior to the exercise date. Nortel Networks has also entered into various lock-up arrangements which restrict its rights to dispose of its remaining common shares of Arris until June 11, 2003.
 
    On March 20, 2003, Nortel Networks entered into a restructuring agreement with a customer to restructure approximately $465 of trade and customer financing receivables owed to Nortel Networks, the majority of which was previously provisioned. As a result of the restructuring agreement, Nortel Networks received consideration including cash of $125, notes and an ownership interest which have been fully provided for, and the mutual release of all other claims between the parties. A gain of $95 was recorded as a result of the transaction. In addition to the restructuring agreement, a five year equipment and services supply agreement was entered into requiring customer payment terms of either cash in advance or guarantee by letters of credit in favor of Nortel Networks.
 
15.   Contingencies
 
    Subsequent to the February 15, 2001 announcement in which Nortel Networks provided revised guidance for financial performance for the 2001 fiscal year and the first quarter of 2001, Nortel Networks and certain of its then current officers and directors were named as defendants in more than twenty-five purported class action lawsuits. These lawsuits in the United States District Courts for the Eastern District of New York, for the Southern District of New York and for the District of New Jersey, and the provinces of Ontario, Quebec, and British Columbia in Canada, on behalf of shareholders who acquired Nortel Networks securities as early as October 24, 2000 and as late as February 15, 2001, allege, among other things, violations of United States federal and Canadian provincial securities laws. These matters also have been the subject of review by Canadian and U.S. securities regulatory authorities. On May 11, 2001, Nortel Networks filed motions to dismiss and/or stay in connection with the three proceedings in Quebec primarily based on the factual allegations lacking substantial connection to Quebec and the inclusion of shareholders resident in Quebec in the class claimed in the Ontario lawsuit. The plaintiffs in two of these proceedings in Quebec obtained court approval for discontinuances of their proceedings on January 17, 2002. The motion to dismiss and/or stay the third proceeding was heard on November 6, 2001 and the court deferred any determination on the motion to the judge who will hear the application for authorization to commence a class proceeding. On December 6, 2001, Nortel Networks filed a motion seeking leave to appeal that decision. The motion for leave to appeal was dismissed on March 11, 2002. On October 16, 2001, an order in the Southern District of New York was filed consolidating twenty-five of the related United States class action lawsuits into a single case, appointing class plaintiffs and counsel for such plaintiffs. The plaintiffs served a consolidated amended complaint on January 18, 2002. On December 17, 2001, the defendants in the British Columbia action served notice of a motion requesting the court to decline jurisdiction and to stay all proceedings on the ground that British Columbia is an inappropriate forum. The motion has been adjourned at the plaintiffs’ request to a future date to be set by the parties.
 
    A class action lawsuit against Nortel Networks was also filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York on behalf of shareholders who acquired the securities of JDS Uniphase Corporation, (“JDS”) between January 18, 2001 and February 15, 2001, alleging violations of the same United States federal securities laws as the above-noted lawsuits.
 
    On April 1, 2002, Nortel Networks filed a motion to dismiss both the above consolidated United States shareholder class action and the above JDS shareholder class action complaints on the grounds that they failed to state a cause of action under United States federal securities laws. With respect to the JDS shareholder class action complaint, Nortel Networks

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    also moved to dismiss on the separate basis that JDS shareholders lacked standing to sue Nortel Networks. On January 3, 2003, the District Court granted the motion to dismiss the JDS shareholder class action complaint and denied the motion to dismiss the consolidated United States class action complaint. Plaintiffs are appealing the dismissal of the JDS shareholder class action complaint.
 
    On July 17, 2002, a new purported class action lawsuit (the “Ontario Claim”) was filed in the Ontario Superior Court of Justice, Commercial List, naming Nortel Networks, certain of its current and former officers and directors, and its auditor as defendants. The factual allegations in the Ontario Claim are substantially similar to the allegations in the consolidated amended complaint filed in the United States District Court described above. The Ontario Claim is on behalf of all Canadian residents who purchased Nortel Networks securities (including options on Nortel Networks securities) between October 24, 2000 and February 15, 2001. The plaintiffs claim damages of Canadian $5,000, plus punitive damages in the amount of Canadian $1,000, prejudgment and postjudgment interest, and costs of the action.
 
    A purported class action lawsuit was filed in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee on December 21, 2001, on behalf of participants and beneficiaries of the Nortel Networks Long-Term Investment Plan (the “Plan”) at any time during the period of March 7, 2000 through the filing date and who made or maintained Plan investments in Nortel Networks common shares, under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act for Plan-wide relief and alleging, among other things, material misrepresentations and omissions to induce Plan participants to continue to invest in and maintain investments in Nortel Networks common shares in the Plan. A second purported class action lawsuit, on behalf of the Plan and Plan participants for whose individual accounts the Plan purchased Nortel Networks common shares during the period from October 27, 2000 to February 15, 2001, and making similar allegations was filed in the same court on March 12, 2002. A third purported class action lawsuit, on behalf of persons who are or were Plan participants or beneficiaries at any time since March 1, 1999 to the filing date, and making similar allegations, was filed in the same court on March 21, 2002. The first and second purported class action lawsuits were consolidated by a new purported class action complaint, filed on May 15, 2002 in the same court and making similar allegations, on behalf of Plan participants and beneficiaries who directed the Plan to purchase or hold shares of certain funds, which held primarily Nortel Networks common shares, during the period of March 7, 2000 through December 21, 2000. On September 24, 2002, plaintiffs in the consolidated action filed a motion to consolidate all the actions and to transfer them to the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. The plaintiffs then filed a motion to withdraw the pending motion to consolidate and transfer. The withdrawal was granted by the District Court on December 30, 2002. A fourth purported class action lawsuit, on behalf of the Plan and Plan participants for whose individual accounts the Plan held Nortel Networks common shares during the period from March 7, 2000 through March 31, 2001, and making similar allegations, was filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York on March 12, 2003. On March 18, 2003, plaintiffs in the fourth purported class action filed a motion with the Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation to transfer all the actions to the Southern District of New York for coordinated or consolidated proceedings pursuant to 28 U.S.C. section 1407.
 
    On February 12, 2001, NNI, a subsidiary of Nortel Networks, was served with a consolidated amended class action complaint (the “First Complaint”) that purported to add Nortel Networks as a defendant to a lawsuit commenced in July 2000 against Entrust, Inc. (formerly Entrust Technologies, Inc.) (“Entrust”) and two of its then current officers in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas (Marshall Division) (the “District Court”). The First Complaint alleges that Entrust, two officers of Entrust, and Nortel Networks violated the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 with respect to certain statements made by Entrust. Nortel Networks is alleged to be a controlling person of Entrust. On April 6, 2001, Nortel Networks filed a motion to dismiss the First Complaint. On July 31, 2001, the First Complaint was dismissed without prejudice. On August 31, 2001, the plaintiffs filed a second amended class action complaint (the “Second Complaint”) against the same defendants asserting claims substantively similar to those in the First Complaint. On September 21, 2001, Nortel Networks filed a motion to dismiss the Second Complaint. The motion was granted by the District Court on September 30, 2002, and the Second Complaint was dismissed without leave to amend. Plaintiffs have not appealed the decision of the District Court and Nortel Networks considers this matter closed.
 
    On March 4, 1997, Bay Networks, Inc. (“Bay Networks”), a company acquired on August 31, 1998, announced that shareholders had filed two separate lawsuits in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California (the “Federal Court”) and the California Superior Court, County of Santa Clara (the “California Court”), against Bay Networks and ten of Bay Networks’ then current and former officers and directors purportedly on behalf of a class of shareholders who purchased Bay Networks’ common shares during the period of May 1, 1995 through October 14, 1996. On August 17, 2000, the Federal Court granted the defendants’ motion to dismiss the federal complaint. On August 1, 2001, the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit denied the plaintiffs’ appeal of that decision. On April 18, 1997, a second lawsuit was filed in the California Court, purportedly on behalf of a class of shareholders who acquired Bay Networks’ common shares pursuant to the registration statement and prospectus that became effective on

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    November 15, 1995. The two actions in the California Court were consolidated in April 1998; however, the California Court denied the plaintiffs’ motion for class certification. In January 2000, the California Court of Appeal rejected the plaintiffs’ appeal of the decision. A petition for review was filed with the California Supreme Court by the plaintiffs and was denied. In February 2000, new plaintiffs who allege to have been shareholders of Bay Networks during the relevant periods, filed a motion for intervention in the California Court seeking to become the representatives of a class of shareholders. The motion was granted on June 8, 2001 and the new plaintiffs filed their complaint-in-intervention on an individual and purported class representative basis alleging misrepresentations made in connection with the purchase and sale of securities of Bay Networks in violation of California statutory and common law. On March 11, 2002, the California Court granted the defendants’ motion to strike the class allegations. The plaintiffs were permitted to proceed on their individual claims. The intervenor-plaintiffs are appealing the dismissal of their class allegations.
 
    Except as otherwise described herein, in each of the matters described above, plaintiffs are seeking an unspecified amount of monetary damages.
 
    Nortel Networks is also a defendant in various other suits, claims, proceedings and investigations which arise in the normal course of business.
 
    Nortel Networks is unable to ascertain the ultimate aggregate amount of monetary liability or financial impact to Nortel Networks of the above matters which, unless otherwise specified, seek damages from the defendants of material or indeterminate amounts. Nortel Networks cannot determine whether these actions, suits, claims and proceedings will, individually or collectively, have a material adverse effect on the business, results of operations and financial condition of Nortel Networks. Nortel Networks and any named directors and officers of Nortel Networks intend to vigorously defend these actions, suits, claims and proceedings.
 
16.   Subsequent events
 
    Common shares
 
    At the Nortel Networks annual and special shareholders' meeting on April 24, 2003, shareholders gave authority to the Nortel Networks Board of Directors to implement a consolidation of Nortel Networks outstanding common shares, also known as a reverse stock split. As a result, Nortel Networks Board of Directors has the authority at its sole discretion to implement a consolidation of Nortel Networks common shares at any time, if at all, prior to April 15, 2004. If a share consolidation is determined to be in the best interests of Nortel Networks and its shareholders, Nortel Networks Board of Directors will select a consolidation ratio within the range of one post-consolidation common share for every five pre-consolidation common shares to one post-consolidation common share for every ten pre-consolidation common shares.
 
    Shareholder rights plan
 
    At the Nortel Networks annual and special shareholders' meeting on April 24, 2003, its shareholders approved the reconfirmation and amendment of Nortel Networks shareholder rights plan, which will expire at the annual meeting of shareholders to be held in 2006 unless it is reconfirmed at that time. Under the rights plan, Nortel Networks issues one right for each common share outstanding. These rights become exercisable upon the occurrence of certain events associated with an unsolicited takeover bid. For additional information, see “Shareholder rights plan” in note 14 of Nortel Networks financial statements in Nortel Networks Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002 and the Registration Statement on Form 8-A/A filed by Nortel Networks with the SEC on April 25, 2003.
 
17.   Supplemental consolidating financial information
 
    As a result of NNL’s current credit ratings, various liens, pledges and guarantees are effective under certain credit and security agreements entered into by NNL and various of its subsidiaries. In addition, in accordance with the covenants in the trust indentures for all Nortel Networks current consolidated public debt securities, which represent primarily all of Nortel Networks consolidated long-term debt at March 31, 2003, all such public debt securities are also secured equally and ratably with the obligations under NNL’s and NNI’s credit facilities by pledges of substantially all of the assets of NNL and those of most of its United States and Canadian subsidiaries and by pledges of shares in certain of NNL’s other subsidiaries. In addition, certain of NNL’s wholly owned subsidiaries have guaranteed NNL’s obligations under the credit and support facilities and outstanding public debt securities (the “Guarantor Subsidiaries”). Non-guarantor

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    subsidiaries (the “Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries”) represent either wholly owned subsidiaries of NNL whose shares have been pledged, or are the remaining subsidiaries of NNL which are not providing liens, pledges or guarantees. NNL’s obligations under the EDC Support Facility are also secured on an equal and ratable basis under the security agreements.
 
    If NNL’s senior long-term debt rating by Moody’s returns to Baa2 (with a stable outlook) and its rating by Standard & Poor’s returns to BBB (with a stable outlook), the security will be released in full. If both the $750 April 2000 five year credit facilities and the EDC Support Facility are terminated, or expire, the security will also be released in full. NNL may provide EDC with cash collateral (or any other alternative collateral acceptable to EDC), in an amount equal to the total amount of our outstanding obligations and undrawn commitments and expenses under the EDC Support Facility, in lieu of the security provided under the security agreements (see note 7).
 
    The following supplemental consolidating financial data illustrates, in separate columns, the composition of Nortel Networks Corporation, NNL, the Guarantor Subsidiaries, the Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries, eliminations and the consolidated total as at March 31, 2003 and December 31, 2002, and for the three months ended March 31, 2003 and 2002, respectively.
 
    Investments in subsidiaries are accounted for by the equity method for purposes of the supplemental consolidating financial data. Net earnings (loss) of subsidiaries are therefore reflected in the investment account and net loss. The principal elimination entries eliminate investments in subsidiaries and intercompany balances and transactions. The financial data may not necessarily be indicative of the results of operations or financial position had the subsidiaries been operated as independent entities.

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Supplemental Consolidating Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2003:

                                                     

        Nortel     Nortel             Non-                
        Networks     Networks     Guarantor     Guarantor                  
(millions of U.S. dollars)   Corporation     Limited     subsidiaries     subsidiaries     Elimination     Total

Revenues
  $     $ 880     $ 1,712     $ 679     $ (872 )   $ 2,399  
Cost of revenues
          440       1,351       451       (872 )     1,370  

Gross profit
          440       361       228             1,029  
 
Selling, general and administrative expense
          134       297       56             487  
Research and development expense
          199       234       56             489  
Amortization of acquired technology
                      33             33  
Deferred stock option compensation
                      15             15  
Special charges
          35       78       21             134  
(Gain) loss on sale of businesses
          (2 )     2                    

Operating earnings (loss)
          74       (250 )     47             (129 )
 
Other income (expense) — net
          46       (18 )     27       (5 )     50  
Interest expense
                                               
   
Long-term debt
    (21 )     (17 )           (7 )           (45 )
   
Other
          (2 )     (14 )     9             (7 )

Earnings (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes
    (21 )     101       (282 )     76       (5 )     (131 )
Income tax benefit (provision)
          142       (297 )     157             2  

 
    (21 )     243       (579 )     233       (5 )     (129 )
Equity in net earnings (loss) of associated companies — net of tax
    (115 )     (310 )     390       5       23       (7 )

Net earnings (loss) from continuing operations
    (136 )     (67 )     (189 )     238       18       (136 )
Net earnings from discontinued operations — net of tax
    190       164       107       26       (297 )     190  

Net earnings (loss)
  $ 54     $ 97     $ (82 )   $ 264     $ (279 )   $ 54  

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Supplemental Consolidating Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2002:

                                                   

      Nortel     Nortel             Non-                  
      Networks     Networks     Guarantor     Guarantor                  
(millions of U.S. dollars)   Corporation     Limited     subsidiaries     subsidiaries     Elimination     Total

Revenues
  $     $ 756     $ 2,038     $ 798     $ (680 )   $ 2,912  
Cost of revenues
          693       1,539       602       (680 )     2,154  

Gross profit
          63       499       196             758  
 
Selling, general and administrative expense
          134       543       67             744  
Research and development expense
          197       303       95             595  
Amortization of acquired technology
                5       38             43  
Deferred stock option compensation
                      25             25  
Special charges
          78       226       183             487  
Gain on sale of businesses
          (1 )     (3 )     (10 )           (14 )

Operating loss
          (345 )     (575 )     (202 )           (1,122 )
 
Other income (expense) — net
    (7 )           (22 )     15       (5 )     (19 )
Interest expense
 
 
Long-term debt
    (22 )     (29 )           (7 )           (58 )
 
Other
                (12 )                 (12 )

Loss from continuing operations before income taxes
    (29 )     (374 )     (609 )     (194 )     (5 )     (1,211 )
Income tax benefit
    5       121       151       97             374  

 
    (24 )     (253 )     (458 )     (97 )     (5 )     (837 )
Equity in net loss of associated companies — net of tax
    (817 )     (532 )     (114 )           1,459       (4 )

Net loss from continuing operations
    (841 )     (785 )     (572 )     (97 )     1,454       (841 )
Net loss from discontinued operations — net of tax
                                 

Net loss
  $ (841 )   $ (785 )   $ (572 )   $ (97 )   $ 1,454     $ (841 )

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Supplemental Consolidating Balance Sheets as at March 31, 2003:

                                                   

      Nortel     Nortel             Non-                  
      Networks     Networks     Guarantor     Guarantor                  
(millions of U.S. dollars)   Corporation     Limited     subsidiaries     subsidiaries     Elimination     Total

ASSETS
                                               
Current assets
                                               
 
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 75     $ (11 )   $ 2,886     $ 1,049     $     $ 3,999  
 
Restricted cash and cash equivalents
          18       170       39             227  
 
Accounts receivable — net
          284       1,157       414             1,855  
 
Intercompany/related party accounts receivable
          4,629       997       860       (6,484 )     2  
 
Inventories — net
          446       226       174             846  
 
Income taxes recoverable
          2       58                   60  
 
Deferred income taxes — net
    6       263       520       (4 )           785  
 
Other current assets
          57       239       124             420  

Total current assets
    81       5,688       6,253       2,656       (6,484 )     8,194  
 
Investments at cost and associated companies at equity
    3,941       486       (7,200 )     111       2,873       211  
Plant and equipment — net
          418       697       282             1,397  
Goodwill
                1,956       245             2,201  
Intangible assets — net
                      65             65  
Deferred income taxes — net
    13       1,386       1,384       257             3,040  
Other assets
    37       534       959       1,710       (2,454 )     786  

Total assets
  $ 4,072     $ 8,512     $ 4,049     $ 5,326     $ (6,065 )   $ 15,894  

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
                                               
Current liabilities
                                               
 
Notes payable
  $     $ 2     $ 3     $ 73     $     $ 78  
 
Trade and other accounts payable
    2       336       419       19             776  
 
Intercompany/related party accounts payable
    36             3,632       2,816       (6,484 )      
 
Payroll and benefit-related liabilities
          59       480       129             668  
 
Contractual liabilities
          96       873       489             1,458  
 
Restructuring
          200       302       200             702  
 
Other accrued liabilities
    10       616       1,725       317             2,668  
 
Long-term debt due within one year
          174       7       53             234  

Total current liabilities
    48       1,483       7,441       4,096       (6,484 )     6,584  
 
Long-term debt
    1,800       1,559       3       302             3,664  
Deferred income taxes — net
    84       265       97       41             487  
Other liabilities
          848       1,793       2,226       (2,454 )     2,413  

 
    1,932       4,155       9,334       6,665       (8,938 )     13,148  

Minority interest in subsidiary companies
                      70       536       606  
 
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
                                               
Preferred shares
          536       342       47       (925 )      
Common shares
    33,620       1,211       6,024       1,164       (8,399 )     33,620  
Additional paid-in capital
    3,690       21,991       1,552       19,993       (43,536 )     3,690  
Deferred stock option compensation
    (70 )                 (79 )     79       (70 )
Deficit
    (33,682 )     (18,000 )     (13,857 )     (22,415 )     54,272       (33,682 )
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
    (1,418 )     (1,381 )     654       (119 )     846       (1,418 )

Total shareholders’ equity
    2,140       4,357       (5,285 )     (1,409 )     2,337       2,140  

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
  $ 4,072     $ 8,512     $ 4,049     $ 5,326     $ (6,065 )   $ 15,894  

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Supplemental Consolidating Balance Sheets as at December 31, 2002:

                                                   

      Nortel     Nortel             Non-                  
      Networks     Networks     Guarantor     Guarantor                  
(millions of U.S. dollars)   Corporation     Limited     subsidiaries     subsidiaries     Elimination     Total

ASSETS
                                               
Current assets
                                               
 
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 35     $ 251     $ 2,452     $ 1,123     $     $ 3,861  
 
Restricted cash and cash equivalents
          6       176       67             249  
 
Accounts receivable — net
          316       1,189       403             1,908  
 
Intercompany/related party accounts receivable
          4,200       976       724       (5,898 )     2  
 
Inventories — net
          515       211       163             889  
 
Income taxes recoverable
          3       46       9             58  
 
Deferred income taxes — net
    12       178       615       (14 )           791  
 
Other current assets
          182       427       109             718  

Total current assets
    47       5,651       6,092       2,584       (5,898 )     8,476  
 
Investments at cost and associated companies at equity
    4,026       707       (7,679 )     118       3,074       246  
Plant and equipment — net
          399       741       304             1,444  
Goodwill
                1,956       245             2,201  
Intangible assets — net
                      98             98  
Deferred income taxes — net
    (27 )     1,143       1,582       25             2,723  
Other assets
    36       472       1,271       551       (1,547 )     783  

Total assets
  $ 4,082     $ 8,372     $ 3,963     $ 3,925     $ (4,371 )   $ 15,971  

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
                                               
Current liabilities
                                               
 
Notes payable
  $     $ 2     $ 3     $ 95     $     $ 100  
 
Trade and other accounts payable
    1       400       429       72             902  
 
Intercompany/related party accounts payable
    287             3,336       2,275       (5,898 )      
 
Payroll and benefit-related liabilities
          32       397       92             521  
 
Contractual liabilities
          107       932       508             1,547  
 
Restructuring
          183       415       187             785  
 
Other accrued liabilities
    40       641       1,768       445             2,894  
 
Long-term debt due within one year
          174       8       51             233  

Total current liabilities
    328       1,539       7,288       3,725       (5,898 )     6,982  
 
Long-term debt
    1,800       1,603       3       313             3,719  
Deferred income taxes — net
    (6 )     263       95       (8 )           344  
Other liabilities
          814       1,761       1,324       (1,547 )     2,352  

 
    2,122       4,219       9,147       5,354       (7,445 )     13,397  

Minority interest in subsidiary companies
                      78       536       614  
 
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
                                               
Preferred shares
          536       342       46       (924 )      
Common shares
    33,587       1,211       6,061       1,744       (9,016 )     33,587  
Additional paid-in capital
    3,734       21,991       1,551       19,993       (43,535 )     3,734  
Deferred stock option compensation
    (96 )                 (105 )     105       (96 )
Deficit
    (33,736 )     (18,092 )     (13,753 )     (23,045 )     54,890       (33,736 )
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
    (1,529 )     (1,493 )     615       (140 )     1,018       (1,529 )

Total shareholders’ equity
    1,960       4,153       (5,184 )     (1,507 )     2,538       1,960  

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
  $ 4,082     $ 8,372     $ 3,963     $ 3,925     $ (4,371 )   $ 15,971  

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Supplemental Consolidating Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2003:

                                                       

          Nortel     Nortel             Non-                  
          Networks     Networks     Guarantor     Guarantor                  
(millions of U.S. dollars)   Corporation     Limited     subsidiaries     subsidiaries     Elimination     Total

Cash flows from (used in) operating activities
                                               
 
Net loss from continuing operations
  $ (136 )   $ (67 )   $ (189 )   $ 238     $ 18     $ (136 )
 
Adjustments to reconcile net loss from (used in) continuing operations to net cash from operating activities, net of effects from acquisitions and divestitures of businesses:
                                               
   
Amortization and depreciation
          24       51       65             140  
   
Non-cash portion of special charges and related asset write downs
          (3 )     1       (3 )           (5 )
   
Equity in net loss of associated companies
    115       310       (390 )     (5 )     (23 )     7  
   
Current and deferred stock option compensation
          1       3       16             20  
   
Deferred income taxes
                      (6 )           (6 )
   
Other liabilities
          16       10                   26  
   
Gain on repurchases of outstanding debt securities
          (4 )                       (4 )
   
(Gain) loss on sale of investments and businesses
                33                   33  
   
Other — net
    274       96       (58 )     (283 )           29  
   
Change in operating assets and liabilities:
                                               
     
Accounts receivable
          (51 )     48       50             47  
     
Inventories
          66       16       29             111  
     
Income taxes
          8       (22 )     9             (5 )
     
Restructuring
          (39 )     (120 )     (31 )           (190 )
     
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
    (31 )     (20 )     (58 )     (44 )           (153 )
     
Other operating assets and liabilities
          (263 )     158       110             5  
   
Intercompany/related party activity
    (182 )     (377 )     773       (214 )            

Net cash from (used in) operating activities
    40       (303 )     256       (69 )     (5 )     (81 )

Cash flows from (used in) investing activities
                                               
 
Expenditures for plant and equipment
          (3 )     (10 )     (5 )           (18 )
 
Proceeds on disposals of plant and equipment
                6                   6  
 
Decrease (increase) in restricted cash and cash equivalents
          (11 )     9       22             20  
 
Increase in long-term receivables
                (8 )     (1 )           (9 )
 
Decrease in long-term receivables
          5                         5  
 
Acquisitions of investments and businesses — net of cash acquired
                (2 )                 (2 )
 
Proceeds on sale of investments and businesses
          1       6                   7  
 
Investments in subsidiaries
                                   

Net cash from (used in) investing activities
          (8 )     1       16             9  

Cash flows from (used in) financing activities
                                               
 
Dividends on preferred shares
          (5 )                 5        
 
Increase (decrease) in notes payable — net
                      (17 )           (17 )
 
Proceeds from long-term debt
                                   
 
Repayments of long-term debt
          (34 )           (9 )           (43 )
 
Decrease in capital leases payable
                (1 )                 (1 )

Net cash from (used in) financing activities
          (39 )     (1 )     (26 )     5       (61 )

Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
                13       5             18  

Net cash from (used in) continuing operations
    (40 )     (350 )     269       (74 )           (115 )
Net cash from (used in) discontinued operations
          88       165                   253  

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
    40       (262 )     434       (74 )           138  

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period — net
    35       251       2,452       1,123             3,861  

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period — net
  $ 75     $ (11 )   $ 2,886     $ 1,049     $     $ 3,999  

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Supplemental Consolidating Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2002:

                                                       

          Nortel     Nortel             Non-                  
          Networks     Networks     Guarantor     Guarantor                  
(millions of U.S. dollars)   Corporation     Limited     subsidiaries     subsidiaries     Elimination     Total

Cash flows from (used in) operating activities
                                               
 
Net loss from continuing operations
  $ (841 )   $ (785 )   $ (572 )   $ (97 )   $ 1,454     $ (841 )
 
Adjustments to reconcile net loss from continuing operations to net cash from (used in) operating activities, net of effects from acquisitions and divestitures of businesses:
                                               
   
Amortization and depreciation
          31       110       58             199  
   
Non-cash portion of special charges and related asset write downs
          25       40       32             97  
   
Equity in net loss of associated companies
    817       532       114             (1,459 )     4  
   
Current and deferred stock option compensation
                      25             25  
   
Deferred income taxes
          (94 )     (268 )     (21 )           (383 )
   
Other liabilities
          8       (31 )     (14 )           (37 )
   
Gain on repurchase of outstanding debt securities
                                   
   
Gain on sale of investments and businesses
          (6 )     (5 )     (11 )           (22 )
   
Other — net
                55       14             69  
   
Change in operating assets and liabilities:
                                               
     
Accounts receivable
          (90 )     263                   173  
     
Inventories
          16       34       40             90  
     
Income taxes
          222       327       (19 )           530  
     
Restructuring
          (66 )     (281 )     (40 )           (387 )
     
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
    (21 )     12       94       73             158  
     
Other operating assets and liabilities
          (42 )     (51 )     (14 )           (107 )
   
Intercompany/related party activity
    44       159       (24 )     (179 )            

Net cash from (used in) operating activities
    (1 )     (78 )     (195 )     (153 )     (5 )     (432 )

Cash flows from (used in) investing activities
                                               
 
Expenditures for plant and equipment
          (15 )     (69 )     (19 )           (103 )
 
Proceeds on disposals of plant and equipment
                44                   44  
 
Increase in long-term receivables
          64       (49 )     (122 )           (107 )
 
Decrease in long-term receivables
          17       59       13             89  
 
Acquisitions of investments and businesses — net of cash acquired
                (19 )                 (19 )
 
Proceeds on sale of investments and businesses
          16       8       35             59  

Net cash used in investing activities
          82       (26 )     (93 )           (37 )

Cash flows from (used in) financing activities
                                               
 
Dividends on preferred shares
          (5 )                 5        
 
Increase (decrease) in notes payable — net
                19       (30 )           (11 )
 
Proceeds from long-term debt
                      11             11  
 
Repayments of long-term debt
                      (2 )           (2 )
 
Decrease in capital leases payable
                (4 )                 (4 )
 
Issuance of common shares
    5                               5  

Net cash from (used in) financing activities
    5       (5 )     15       (21 )     5       (1 )

Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
          1       (5 )     (2 )           (6 )

Net cash from (used in) continuing operations
    4             (211 )     (269 )           (476 )
Net cash used in discontinued operations
          17       33       2             52  

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
    4       17       (178 )     (267 )           (424 )

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period — net
    18       (41 )     2,340       1,196             3,513  

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period — net
  $ 22     $ (24 )   $ 2,162     $ 929     $     $ 3,089  

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ITEM 2.   Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

You should read this section in combination with the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. This section contains forward looking statements and should be read in conjunction with the factors described below under “Forward looking statements”. All dollar amounts in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations are in millions of United States dollars unless otherwise stated.

Where we say “we,” “us,” “our,” or “Nortel Networks,” we mean Nortel Networks Corporation or Nortel Networks Corporation and its subsidiaries, as applicable. Where we refer to the “industry”, we mean the telecommunications industry.

Business overview

Nortel Networks is an industry leader and innovator focused on transforming how the world communicates and exchanges information. We supply products and services that support the Internet and other public and private data, voice and multimedia communications networks using wireline and wireless technologies, which we refer to as “networking solutions”. A substantial portion of our company has a technology focus and is dedicated to research and development. This focus forms a core strength and a factor differentiating us from many of our competitors. We envision an information society where people will be able to connect and interact with information and with each other instantly, simply and reliably, seamlessly accessing data, voice and multimedia communications services and sharing experiences anywhere, anytime.

Our operations are organized in four reportable segments: Wireless Networks; Enterprise Networks; Wireline Networks; and Optical Networks.

Nortel Networks Corporation’s common shares are publicly traded on the New York and Toronto stock exchanges under the symbol “NT”. Nortel Networks Limited is our principal direct operating subsidiary. Nortel Networks Corporation holds all of Nortel Networks Limited’s outstanding common shares but none of its outstanding preferred shares.

Recent developments

Common shares

At our annual and special shareholders’ meeting on April 24, 2003, our shareholders gave authority to our Board of Directors to implement a consolidation of our outstanding common shares, also known as a reverse stock split. As a result, our Board of Directors has the authority at its sole discretion to implement a consolidation of our common shares at any time, if at all, prior to April 15, 2004. If a share consolidation is determined to be in the best interests of Nortel Networks and its shareholders, our Board of Directors will select a consolidation ratio within the range of one post-consolidation common share for every five pre-consolidation common shares to one post-consolidation common share for every ten pre-consolidation common shares.

Shareholder rights plan

At our annual and special shareholders’ meeting on April 24, 2003, our shareholders approved the reconfirmation and amendment of our shareholder rights plan which, will expire at the annual meeting of shareholders to be held in 2006 unless it is reconfirmed at that time. Under the rights plan, we issue one right for each common share outstanding. These rights become exercisable upon the occurrence of certain events associated with an unsolicited takeover bid. For additional information, you should refer to “Shareholders rights plan” in note 14 of our financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 10, 2003 and to the Registration Statement on Form 8-A/A filed by Nortel Networks with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 25, 2003.

Discontinued operations

During the first quarter of 2003, we substantially completed the wind down of our access solutions operations. We closed a number of transactions in the first quarter of 2003, including:

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    the sale of 8 million common shares of Arris Group Inc. for cash consideration of $28 on March 24, 2003 which resulted in a gain of $12 and the assignment of our membership interest in Arris Interactive LLC to ANTEC Corporation, an Arris company, on March 18, 2003 for cash consideration of $89 which resulted in a gain for the full amount; and
    the restructuring of approximately $465 of trade and customer financing receivables owed to us by a customer, the majority of which was previously provisioned. As a result of the restructuring agreement, we received consideration including cash of $125, notes and an ownership interest which have been fully provided for, and the mutual release of all other claims between the parties. The transaction closed on March 20, 2003 and resulted in a gain of $95.

EDC support facility

On February 14, 2003, we announced that Nortel Networks Limited had entered into an agreement with Export Development Canada, or EDC, regarding arrangements to provide for support, on a secured basis, of certain of our performance related obligations arising out of normal course business activities. This facility provides for up to $750 in performance related support for our operations and is expected to facilitate improved liquidity. Currently, $300 is committed support for performance bonds. See “Available credit and support facilities” for additional information.

Stock options

We adopted fair value accounting for new grants or modifications of stock options beginning January 1, 2003. As a result, all stock option grants or modifications in 2003 and beyond will be expensed over the stock option vesting period based on their fair value at the date the options are granted or modified. The effect of the adoption of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 148, or SFAS 148, was a stock option expense of $5 in the first quarter of 2003. If we continue to grant options in 2003 at a similar level to 2002, the expected impact on net earnings (loss) per share will be approximately ($0.01) per common share for 2003. For additional information, you should refer to “Significant accounting policies” in note 2(t) of our financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 10, 2003.

Results of operations — continuing operations

Segment revenues

                                 

    For the 3 months ended March 31,
    2003     2002     $ Change     % Change

Wireless Networks
  $ 953     $ 1,136     $ (183 )     (16 )
Enterprise Networks
    613       675       (62 )     (9 )
Wireline Networks
    562       682       (120 )     (18 )
Optical Networks
    270       406       (136 )     (33 )
Other(a)
    1       13       (12 )     (92 )

Consolidated
  $ 2,399     $ 2,912     $ (513 )     (18 )

(a)   “Other” represented miscellaneous business activities and corporate functions

Geographic revenues

                                 

    For the 3 months ended March 31,
    2003     2002     $ Change     % Change

United States
  $ 1,204     $ 1,406     $ (202 )     (14 )
EMEA(a)
    641       724       (83 )     (11 )
Canada
    130       219       (89 )     (41 )
Other regions(c)
    424       563       (139 )     (25 )

Consolidated(b)
  $ 2,399     $ 2,912     $ (513 )     (18 )

(a)   The Europe, Middle East and Africa region
(b)   Revenues by geographic region were based on the location of the customer
(c)   Included the Asia Pacific and Caribbean and Latin America regions

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Consolidated revenues

    First quarter 2003 compared to first quarter 2002

Our consolidated revenues declined 18% in the first quarter of 2003 compared to the first quarter of 2002. The decline was primarily due to the continuing industry adjustment and capital spending constraints experienced by our service provider and enterprise customers. Many of our customers continued to realign capital spending with their current levels of revenue and profits in order to maximize their return on invested capital. Also, excess network capacity continued to exist in the industry which has led to continued pricing pressures on the sale of certain of our products. As a result, our customers continued to change their focus from building new networks to conserving capital, decreasing their debt levels, reducing costs and/or increasing the capacity utilization rates and efficiency of existing networks.

From a geographic perspective, the 18% decline in revenues was primarily due to a:

    14% decline in revenues in the United States primarily due to customer capital spending constraints by service provider and enterprise customers;
    11% decline in revenues in EMEA primarily due to capital spending constraints by service provider and enterprise customers;
    41% decline in revenues in Canada primarily related to continued capital spending constraints experienced by our service provider and enterprise customers;
    18% decline in revenues in the Asia Pacific region primarily due to continued capital spending constraints by service provider customers and maturing wireless technologies; and
    35% decline in revenues in the Caribbean and Latin America region, or CALA, primarily related to continued capital spending constraints experienced by our service provider customers.

    First quarter 2003 compared to fourth quarter 2002

Our consolidated revenue declined $121 from $2,520 in the fourth quarter of 2002 to $2,399 in the first quarter of 2003. The decline was primarily due to the seasonality more traditionally associated with the first quarter of our fiscal year as well as a result of the continued capital spending constraints experienced by our customers.

Geographic revenues for the first quarter of 2003 compared to fourth quarter of 2002:

    decreased 26% in the Asia Pacific region;
    decreased 3% in the United States;
    decreased 9% in Canada;
    increased 16% in CALA; and
    were relatively flat in EMEA.

    Remainder of 2003

We expect overall spending in the telecommunications equipment market to be down modestly in fiscal 2003 compared to fiscal 2002. We also expect that capital spending levels in the second quarter will be similar to the first quarter of 2003. Given the ongoing economic and geopolitical uncertainty, customers continue to spend cautiously. We cannot predict the economic impact of acts of war or terrorism on the global market or the transmission of contagious diseases such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, or SARS, in the Asia Pacific region. We expect to see continued constraints on capital spending by customers due to:

    our customers realigning their investment levels with their current levels of revenue and returns, and focusing on maximizing their return on invested capital;
    the high debt levels of many service providers;
    excess network assets;
    the financial difficulties of certain service providers;
    a lack of available funding from the capital markets;

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    a longer, more stringent spending approval process by enterprises when making capital investment decisions;
    excess and shared bandwidth capacity; and
    the compounding impact of economic and geopolitical concerns.

Also, we expect that we will continue to experience pricing pressures on sales of our products as a result of increased competition. It is difficult to predict the duration of the current industry adjustment, as growth in industry spending is not expected to occur until global geopolitical uncertainty and economic and financial concerns have subsided. Market visibility remains limited and we do not expect that our results of operations for any quarter will necessarily be consistent with our historical quarterly profile or indicative of our expected results in future quarters. See “Forward looking statements” for factors that may affect our revenues.

Wireless Networks revenues

The following chart summarizes recent quarterly revenues for Wireless Networks:

(CHART)

    First quarter 2003 compared to first quarter 2002

The 16% decline in Wireless Networks revenues in the first quarter of 2003 compared to the first quarter of 2002 was primarily due to an ongoing focus by wireless service providers on capital and cash flow management, reflecting slower subscriber growth and increased competition for customers by wireless service providers. As a result of this focus, many customers continued to delay capital expenditures.

Code Division Multiple Access, or CDMA, revenues declined significantly in the first quarter of 2003 compared to the first quarter of 2002, primarily due to customers, particularly in the United States, continuing to experience capital spending constraints driven by their continued focus on capital and cash flow management. Time Division Multiple Access, or TDMA, revenues declined substantially in the first quarter of 2003 compared to the first quarter of 2002 primarily due to the continued transition to newer wireless technologies. The substantial decline was primarily due to United States customers continuing to migrate from the mature TDMA technology to CDMA and Global System for Mobile communications, or GSM, technologies. However, TDMA revenues continued to be a smaller portion of Wireless Networks revenues in the first quarter of 2003 compared to the first quarter of 2002.

Overall GSM revenues, which includes General Packet Radio Standard, or GPRS, and Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution, or EDGE, declined significantly in the first quarter of 2003 compared to the first quarter of 2002 due to a substantial decline in the Asia Pacific region and a significant decline in the United States. The substantial decline in the Asia Pacific region was primarily due to a decline in the overall growth rate of GSM technology deployments by wireless service providers in the second half of 2002 and the first quarter of 2003. As of the first quarter of 2003, many of our GSM customers in the Asia Pacific region have completed their network deployments, and as a result, have sufficient capacity to currently meet additional subscriber demands. In the United States, the significant decline was primarily due to continued slow subscriber growth and completion of some networks by certain service providers. In EMEA and CALA, GSM revenues increased substantially in the first quarter of 2003 primarily due to new contracts won with certain service providers in the second half of 2002.

Universal Mobile Telecommunications Systems, or UMTS, revenues increased significantly in the first quarter of 2003 compared to 2002. The significant increase was primarily due to the resolution of contractual issues, including collectibility, with a certain customer experienced in the second half of 2002. However, larger network deployment delays continued in the

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first quarter of 2003 primarily due to the technology issues associated with third generation, or 3G, handsets and network performance by certain vendors. In the first quarter of 2003, UMTS revenues continued to be a small but growing portion of our Wireless Networks revenues.

From a geographic perspective, the 16% decrease in Wireless Networks revenues in the first quarter of 2003 compared to the same period in 2002 was primarily due to a:

    16% decline in revenues in the United States primarily due to customers’ focus on capital and cash flow management, technology migration and a slower subscriber growth;
    49% decline in revenues in the Asia Pacific region primarily due to capital spending constraints, network completion and a slower subscriber growth; and
    69% decline in revenues in Canada primarily due to customer capital spending constraints; partially offset by
    26% increase in revenues in EMEA primarily due to the resolution of contractual issues, including collectibility, with a certain customer experienced in the second half of 2002 and the award of new GSM contracts with certain service providers in the second half of 2002; and
    37% increase in revenues in CALA primarily due to new GSM contracts with certain service providers in the second half of 2002.

    First quarter 2003 compared to fourth quarter 2002

Compared to the fourth quarter of 2002, Wireless Networks revenues decreased 6%, primarily due to:

    a significant decline in CDMA revenues primarily due to customer capital spending constraints driven by their continued focus on capital and cash flow management; and
    a significant decline in GSM revenues primarily due to continued slow subscriber growth and delays in capital expenditures by service providers; partially offset by
    a substantial increase in UMTS revenue primarily due to the resolution of contractual issues, including collectibility, with a certain customer experienced in the second half of 2002; and
    a substantial increase in TDMA revenues primarily due to a certain customer continuing their network expansion.

From a geographic perspective, Wireless Networks revenues decreased 6% in the first quarter of 2003 compared to the fourth quarter of 2002 as a result of considerable declines in the Asia Pacific region and a decline in the United States, which were partially offset by a significant increase in EMEA and considerable increases in CALA and Canada.

    Remainder of 2003

In the first quarter of 2003, Wireless Networks revenues continued to be primarily generated by sales of CDMA and GSM technologies. We continue to expect that revenues associated with our TDMA technologies will decline in 2003. Overall GSM sales are also expected to decline as networks are built out and subscriber growth slows. In 2003, our CDMA 3G and UMTS technology sales are expected to grow, compared to 2002, and represent a larger proportion of Wireless Networks revenues as 3G technologies are expected to gain a greater foothold in the market due to increased wireless data traffic and requirements for greater wireless spectrum efficiency. Also, we expect to experience increased pricing pressures on sales of certain of our Wireless Networks products as a result of increased competition.

As with the rest of the industry, our wireless customers are experiencing significant pressure and are adapting to a new, more stringent spending environment due to the lack of available financing and a slower subscriber growth in the overall wireless market. We anticipate a reduction in global capital expenditures for wireless operators in 2003 and 2004, compared to 2002, but cannot predict the complete impact. We also expect some consolidation in this marketplace, including a reduction in the number of service providers in certain regions due to competition and/or adjustments in deployment plans and schedules. In addition, the timing of the anticipated change in revenue mix from the different wireless technologies has become increasingly difficult to predict as a result of the complexities and potential for delays in the implementation of UMTS network deployments. All of these factors could adversely affect our Wireless Networks revenues in the future.

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Enterprise Networks revenues

The following chart summarizes recent quarterly revenues for Enterprise Networks:

(CHART)

    First quarter 2003 compared to first quarter 2002

The 9% reduction in Enterprise Networks revenues in the first quarter of 2003 compared to the first quarter of 2002 was primarily a result of our enterprise customers continuing to delay their purchase decisions on certain products due to the economic uncertainty in the industry.

Revenues from the circuit and packet voice portion of this segment were essentially flat in the first quarter of 2003 compared to the first quarter of 2002. We experienced a reduction in revenue associated with our integrated voice recognition products due to enterprises employing more stringent capital spending approval processes resulting in purchase decision delays. This decrease was partially offset by an increase in revenues associated with our internet protocol, or IP, telephony solutions as customers continued to migrate towards packet voice solutions.

The data networking and security portion of this segment experienced significant declines in the first quarter of 2003 compared to the first quarter of 2002. The significant decrease in revenues was primarily due to continued customer spending constraints and delayed purchasing decisions by customers. Also, we experienced a reduction in the number of service contract renewals associated with our legacy routing portfolio in the first quarter of 2003 compared to the first quarter of 2002.

From a geographic perspective, the 9% decline in Enterprise Networks revenues in the first quarter of 2003 compared to the first quarter of 2002 was primarily due to a:

    13% decline in revenues in the United States primarily due to customer spending constraints and a reduction in the number of service contract renewals;
    9% decline in revenues in EMEA primarily due to customer spending constraints; and
    27% decline in revenues in CALA primarily due to the continued deterioration of the socio-economic situation in Argentina and Venezuela and the associated delays in certain government related contracts.

    First quarter 2003 compared to fourth quarter 2002

Enterprise Networks revenues decreased 6% in the first quarter of 2003 compared to the fourth quarter of 2002. The decline was primarily due to:

    a significant decline in the data network and security portion of this segment primarily due to the more traditional seasonality associated with the first quarter of our fiscal year and continuing customer spending constraints; and
    a moderate decline in the circuit and packet voice portion of this segment primarily due to the more traditional seasonality associated with the first quarter of our fiscal year and a reduction in revenue associated with our integrated voice recognition products due to enterprises beginning to employ more stringent capital spending approval processes.

From a geographic perspective, the 6% decline in the first quarter of 2003 compared to the fourth quarter of 2002 was due to a decline across all regions except the Asia Pacific region, which increased.

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    Remainder of 2003

We anticipate that communications networks will continue to increase the use of voice over packet technologies. We expect that data, voice and multimedia communications technologies will continue to converge, and enterprises will look for ways to maximize the effectiveness of their existing networks while reducing ongoing capital expenditures and operating costs. However, the timing of this progression is unclear. We also anticipate that demand will continue for our traditional circuit switching products. Overall, we expect that the continuing industry adjustment will have a negative impact on the level of spending by our enterprise customers.

Wireline Networks revenues

The following chart summarizes recent quarterly revenues for Wireline Networks:

(CHART)

    First quarter 2003 compared to first quarter 2002

The 18% decline in Wireline Networks revenues in the first quarter of 2003 compared to the first quarter of 2002 was primarily due to a substantial reduction in capital spending by our service provider customers as a result of the continuing industry adjustment.

Compared to the first quarter of 2002, revenues decreased in the circuit and packet voice portion of this segment due to a substantial decrease in revenue associated with our traditional circuit switching products. The substantial decline in our traditional switching products was primarily due to the tightened capital markets and continued capital spending constraints experienced by our service provider customers. This substantial decline was partially offset by a substantial increase in revenues in our packet based technologies due to certain new service provider contracts awarded in the second half of 2002 and the first quarter of 2003.

The significant decline in revenues in the data networking and security portion of this segment was primarily due to a decline in demand for mature products, compounded by the ongoing industry adjustment as our service provider customers, in all regions, continued to reduce their capital expenditures.

From a geographic perspective, the 18% decline in Wireline Networks revenues in the first quarter of 2003 compared to the first quarter of 2002 was primarily due to a:

    83% decline in revenues in CALA primarily due to the completion of a major contract in the first quarter of 2002 and continued capital spending constraints experienced by our service provider customers;
    18% decline in revenues in EMEA primarily due to a reduction in capital spending by our service provider customers; and
    revenues in all other regions remaining essentially flat.

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    First quarter 2003 compared to fourth quarter 2002

Our Wireline Networks revenues increased 11% in the first quarter of 2003 compared to the fourth quarter of 2002, primarily due to:

    a substantial increase in the circuit and packet voice portion of this segment primarily due to a substantial increase in revenues in our packet based technologies due to certain new service provider contracts in the second half of 2002 and first quarter of 2003; partially offset by
    a significant decline in the data networking and security portion of this segment primarily due to the more traditional seasonality associated with the first quarter of our fiscal year.

From a geographic perspective, Wireline Networks revenues increased 11% in the first quarter of 2003 compared to the fourth quarter of 2002 primarily as a result of considerable increases in the United States and Canada, which were partially offset by a substantial decrease in the Asia Pacific region.

    Remainder of 2003

In the future, we anticipate that service providers will continue to increase the use of packet-based technologies in their communications networks as they look for ways to optimize their existing networks and offer new revenue generating services while controlling capital expenditures and operating costs. Although we experienced an increase in revenues in our packet-based technologies in the first quarter of 2003 compared to the same period in 2002, the timing of when there will be continued and sustainable demand is unclear. We expect that the continuing industry adjustment and reduction in capital spending by our customers will have a negative impact on the level of spending by our service provider customers and could adversely affect Wireline Networks revenues in the future.

Optical Networks revenues

The following chart summarizes recent quarterly revenues for Optical Networks:

(QUARTERLY REVENUES CHART)

    First quarter 2003 compared to first quarter 2002

The 33% decline in Optical Networks revenues in the first quarter of 2003 compared to the first quarter of 2002 was primarily the result of the continuing industry adjustment and substantial reductions in capital spending by our United States and EMEA customers in the long-haul portion of this segment.

Revenue in the long-haul portion of this segment declined substantially in the first quarter of 2003 compared to the first quarter of 2002. The substantial decline was primarily due to the continuing industry adjustment and continued capital spending constraints in the United States and EMEA as customers continued to focus on maximizing return on invested capital by increasing the capacity utilization rates and efficiency of existing networks. In addition, significant excess inventories continued to exist in this portion of the segment which resulted in ongoing pricing pressures.

Also, in the fourth quarter of 2002, we sold certain optical components assets to Bookham Technology plc, or Bookham. As a result, our first quarter results in 2003 in the long-haul portion of this segment do not reflect revenues generated from these assets. In the first quarter of 2002, revenues generated from the optical components assets sold to Bookham were less than 5% of the total revenue of $406. For additional information relating to the sale of these assets to Bookham, you should refer to information contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

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Revenue in the metro optical portion of this segment increased significantly in the first quarter of 2003 compared to the same period in 2002. The significant increase was primarily due to a substantial increase in the Asia Pacific region due to new customer contracts in 2003 compared to the insignificant revenues in the first quarter of 2002. The substantial increase in the Asia Pacific region was partially offset by a substantial decline in EMEA primarily due to EMEA customers continuing to focus on maximizing return on invested capital by increasing the capacity utilization rates and efficiency of existing networks.

From a geographic perspective, the 33% decline in Optical Networks revenues in the first quarter of 2003 compared to the first quarter of 2002 was primarily due to a:

    48% decline in revenues in EMEA primarily related to a substantial reduction in capital spending as a result of the continuing industry adjustment and customers continuing to focus on maximizing return on invested capital;
    47% decline in revenues in the United States and a 42% decline in Canada primarily related to a substantial reduction in capital spending; and
    50% decline in revenues in CALA primarily related to a reduction in capital spending and excess network capacity and assets; partially offset by
    37% increase in revenues in the Asia Pacific region primarily due to new customer contracts.

    First quarter 2003 compared to fourth quarter 2002

Optical Networks revenues decreased 22% in the first quarter of 2003 compared to the fourth quarter of 2002 primarily due to substantial declines in both the optical long-haul and metro optical portions of this segment. The substantial declines were primarily due to the more traditional seasonality associated with the first quarter of our fiscal year and the continued capital spending constraints in the United States and EMEA.

From a geographic perspective, Optical Networks revenues decreased 22% in the first quarter of 2003 compared to the fourth quarter of 2002 primarily as a result of considerable declines in the United States and Canada, and a decrease in EMEA.

    Remainder of 2003

Our major customers in the optical long-haul portion of this segment remain focused on maximizing return on their invested capital by increasing the capacity utilization rates and efficiency of existing networks. We expect that any additional capital spending by those customers will be increasingly directed to opportunities that enhance customer performance, revenue generation and cost reduction in the near term. We expect that customers in this portion of the segment will continue to focus on route by route activities, adding channels to existing networks, and interconnectivity and bandwidth as it is required in the short term. Further, we believe that building out networks for increased bandwidth will remain longer term projects. Revenues in the optical long-haul portion of the segment are primarily based on network build-outs and, consequently, generally include a number of long-haul products packaged together in an end-to-end solution. As a result, almost all products within this portion of the segment are generally affected in the same manner as fluctuations in the needs of our customers typically result in corresponding increases or decreases in overall optical long-haul revenue.

In the metro optical portion of this segment, we expect to see an increase in demand for metro Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing, or metro DWDM, as our customers begin to deploy inter-office fiber infrastructure. As a result, we expect that the metro optical portion of this segment will continue to become a larger percentage of the overall Optical Networks revenues.

Due to the severe reduction, in number and size, of new optical long-haul network build-outs and due to the nature of the relationship between the products within the optical long-haul portion of this segment, we do not expect a meaningful recovery in the optical long-haul market before early 2004. Also, we anticipate that pricing pressures on optical system vendors will continue due to intense competition, large inventories and a diminished market. As a result, we expect that our Optical Networks revenues will decline in 2003 compared to 2002 and will be one of our last segments to recover from the significant industry adjustment.

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Gross profit and gross margin

                                 

    For the 3 months ended March 31,
    2003     2002     Change     % Change

Gross profit
  $ 1,029     $ 758     $ 271       36  
Gross margin
    42.9 %     26.0 %     16.9       65  

Gross margin improved 16.9 percentage points in the first quarter of 2003 compared to the first quarter of 2002 primarily due to:

    approximately $200 of increased provisions in the first quarter of 2002 related to incremental inventory provisions and contract and customer settlement costs not repeated in the first quarter of 2003;
    an increase of approximately 7 percentage points related to continued improvements in our cost structure primarily as a result of more favorable supplier pricing which was partially offset by continued pricing pressures on the sale of our products; and
    an improvement of approximately 1 percentage point related to favorable changes in product mix; partially offset by
    an accrual for the employee return to profitability bonus plan.

While we cannot predict the extent to which changes in product mix and pricing pressures will impact our gross margin, we continue to see the effects of our restructuring work plan which we began implementing in 2001 to create a cost structure that is more reflective of the current industry and economic environment. As a result, we expect that gross margin will continue to trend in the low 40% range for the remainder of 2003. See “Forward looking statements” for factors that may affect our gross margins.

    Segment gross profit and gross margin
 
    Wireless Networks

Wireless Networks gross margin improved by approximately 11 percentage points in the first quarter of 2003 compared to the same period in 2002. The improvement was primarily due to changes in our customer and product mix and ongoing product cost improvements.

    Enterprise Networks

Enterprise Networks gross margin improved by approximately 9 percentage points in the first quarter of 2003 compared to the same period in 2002. The improvement in gross margin was primarily due to:

    improvements in our cost structure as a result of more favorable supplier pricing; and
    increased provisions recorded in the first quarter of 2002 related to negotiations with our major suppliers which resulted in inventory related provisions and contract and customer settlement costs not repeated in the first quarter of 2003.

    Wireline Networks

Wireline Networks gross margin decreased by approximately 8 percentage points in the first quarter of 2003 compared to the same period in 2002. The decline in gross margin was primarily due to:

    changes in product mix; partially offset by
    increased provisions recorded in the first quarter of 2002 related to negotiations with our major suppliers which resulted in inventory related provisions and contract and customer settlement costs not repeated in the first quarter of 2003.

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    Optical Networks

Optical Networks gross margin improved by approximately 55 percentage points in the first quarter of 2003 compared to the same period in 2002. The improvement in gross margin was primarily due to:

    significant increased provisions recorded in the first quarter of 2002 related to negotiations with our major suppliers which resulted in inventory related provisions and contract and customer settlement costs;
    the sale of certain optical components assets to Bookham in the fourth quarter of 2002 and, as a result, our gross margin in the first quarter of 2003 in the optical long-haul portion of this segment excluded the impact of excess capacity of those optical components assets; and
    improvements in our cost structure and favorable supplier pricing.

Operating expenses

    Selling, general and administrative expense

                                   

      For the 3 months ended March 31,
      2003     2002     Change     % Change

SG&A expense
  $ 487     $ 744     $ (257 )     (35 )
 
As a percentage of revenues
    20.3 %     25.5 %     N/A       N/A  

Selling, general and administrative, or SG&A, expense declined $257 in the first quarter of 2003 compared to the same period in 2002. The substantial decline in the first quarter of 2003 compared to the first quarter of 2002. The decrease was primarily due to:

    the continued impact of our workforce reductions and associated reductions in other related costs such as information services and real estate; and
    decreased provisioning for customer financing receivables; partially offset by
    an accrual for the employee return to profitability bonus plan.

We will continue to manage SG&A expense according to the requirements of our business, allocating resources and investment where customer demand dictates, and reducing resources and investment where opportunities for improved efficiencies present themselves. We expect that SG&A expense will continue to trend lower in the second quarter of 2003 compared to the first quarter of 2003.

    Segment selling, general and administrative expense
 
    Wireless Networks

Wireless Networks SG&A expense decreased significantly in the first quarter of 2003 compared to the first quarter of 2002. The decrease was primarily due to the continued impact of our workforce reductions across all regions and associated reductions in other related costs such as information services and real estate.

    Enterprise Networks

Enterprise Networks SG&A expense decreased significantly in the first quarter of 2003 compared to the first quarter of 2002. The decrease was primarily due to the continued impact of our workforce reductions, primarily in the United States and Canada, and associated reductions in other related costs such as information services and real estate.

    Wireline Networks

Wireline Networks SG&A expense decreased substantially in the first quarter of 2003 compared to the first quarter of 2002. The decrease was primarily due to:

    the continued impact of our workforce reductions, primarily in the United States and Canada, and associated reductions in other related costs such as information services and real estate; and
    a decrease in provisioning for customer financing receivables.

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    Optical Networks

Optical Networks SG&A expense decreased substantially in the first quarter of 2003 compared to the first quarter of 2002. The decrease in SG&A expense was primarily due to:

    the continued impact of our workforce reductions across all regions and associated reductions in other related costs such as information services and real estate; and
    a decrease in provisioning for customer financing receivables.

    Segment contribution margin

                                 

    For the 3 months ended March 31,
    2003     2002     $ Change     % Change

Wireless Networks
  $ 316     $ 244     $ 72       30  
Enterprise Networks
    145       86       59       69  
Wireline Networks
    152       94       58       62  
Optical Networks
    12       (292 )     304       104  
Other
    (83 )     (118 )     35       30  

Consolidated
  $ 542     $ 14     $ 528       N/A  

As a result of the gross margin and SG&A expense improvements mentioned above, our consolidated contribution margin improved by $528 in the first quarter of 2003 compared to the same period in 2002. All of our four reportable segments contributed positive contribution margin in the first quarter of 2003.

    Research and development expense

                                   

      For the 3 months ended March 31,
      2003     2002     Change     % Change

R&D expense
  $ 489     $ 595     $ (106 )     (18 )
 
As a percentage of revenues
    20.4 %     20.4 %     N/A       N/A  

Research and development, or R&D, expense represents our planned investment in our next generation core products across all businesses. R&D expense decreased $106 in the first quarter of 2003 compared to the first quarter of 2002, reflecting workforce reductions and focused investments to drive market leadership across our product portfolios. Included in R&D expense in the first quarter of 2003 was an accrual for the employee return to profitability bonus plan.

Our continuing strategic investments in R&D are aligned with technology leadership in anticipated growth areas, while targeting a level of R&D expense that is more representative of our overall cost structure. We will continue to manage R&D expense according to the requirements of our business, allocating resources and investment where customer demand dictates, and reducing resources and investment where opportunities for improved efficiencies present themselves. Our research and development efforts are currently focused on key next generation networking solutions including wireless data, wireless LAN (local area networks), packet voice solutions, broadband connectivity, internet protocol, or IP, multimedia services and security. We expect that R&D expense in the second quarter of 2003 will trend lower from the first quarter of 2003.

    Amortization of acquired technology

The amortization of acquired technology in the first quarter of 2003 and 2002 primarily reflected the charge related to the acquisition of Alteon WebSystems, Inc. The remaining net carrying value of acquired technology will be fully amortized in 2003 and was $65 on March 31, 2003 and $98 on December 31, 2002.

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    Deferred stock option compensation

For acquisitions completed subsequent to July 1, 2000, we are required to allocate a portion of the purchase price to deferred compensation related to unvested options held by employees of the companies acquired. This deferred compensation is amortized to net income/loss based on the graded vesting schedule of the option awards. Deferred stock option compensation was $15 in the first quarter of 2003 compared to $25 in the first quarter of 2002. The decrease of $10 was primarily due to the cancellation of unvested stock options that were held by employees whose employment was terminated in 2002. Currently, we expect that the amount of deferred stock option compensation for the next two quarters will remain at a similar amount to the first quarter of 2003.

    Special charges

In the first quarter of 2003, we recorded special charges of $134 related to our continued restructuring work plan to streamline operations and activities around core markets and leadership strategies. Net workforce reduction charges of $61 related to the cost of severance and benefits associated with approximately 800 employees notified of termination during the first quarter of 2003. Net contract settlement and lease costs of $78 related to the cancellation of existing contracts across all segments. Also, we recorded a net increase in the carrying value of plant and equipment of $5 for valuation increases related to special charges recorded in previous periods.

In the first quarter of 2002, we recorded special charges of $487 related to our restructuring work plan. Workforce reduction charges of $327 were related to the cost of severance and benefits associated with the approximately 4,400 employees notified of termination. Contract settlement and lease costs included negotiated settlements of approximately $63 to either cancel contracts or renegotiate existing contracts across all of our segments. Also, we recorded $85 in plant and equipment write downs within global operations, a function that supports all of our segments, and within our Optical Networks reporting segment. In the first quarter of 2002, we also concluded that the Xros, Inc. X-1000 IPR&D project did not meet short-term market requirements. In connection with that decision, we recorded a $12 write down of acquired technology associated with this project.

Currently, we expect that approximately $20 to $30 of special charges related to our restructuring work plan will be incurred in the second quarter of 2003.

For additional information related to our restructuring activities, see “Special charges” in note 5 of the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements.

Other income (expense) — net

In the first quarter of 2003, other income — net was $50, which primarily included a payment received from a settlement related to intellectual property use and reductions in accruals principally related to: the wind-down of integration activities of previously acquired companies, operations originally structured as joint ventures, and miscellaneous tax matters; which were partially offset by foreign exchange and investment losses.

Interest expense

The decrease in interest expense of $18 in the first quarter of 2003 compared to the same period in 2002 was primarily related to the reduction in the outstanding balances of our notes payable and long-term debt.

Income tax benefit (provision)

In the first quarter of 2003, we recorded a full valuation allowance on the tax benefit of the pre-tax loss from continuing operations of $131. The valuation allowance was recorded in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards, or SFAS, No. 109, “Accounting for Income taxes”, which requires that tax valuation allowances be established when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a company’s deferred tax assets will not be realized. The valuation allowances can be primarily attributed to continued uncertainty in the industry. If market conditions improve and future results of operations exceed our current expectations, our existing tax valuation allowances may be adjusted, resulting in recognition of additional future tax benefits. Alternatively, if market conditions deteriorate further or future results of operations are less than expected, additional tax valuation allowances may be required for all or a portion of our deferred tax assets.

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Approved tax legislation in the first quarter of 2002 in the United States extended the net operating loss carryback period from two years to five years. As a result, we were able to carryback available United States losses from 2001 and utilize approximately $700 of deferred income tax assets previously recognized, generating additional cash recoveries of approximately $700 in the first quarter of 2002.

Other

In the first quarter of 2003, our SG&A, R&D and Other income — net included approximately $80 of favorable impacts associated with reductions in accruals which principally related to the accumulation of charges associated with the integration activities of previously acquired companies and operations originally structured as joint ventures as well as miscellaneous tax matters. During the three months ended March 31, 2003, we reviewed the matters related to the wind-down and settlement of balances associated with the integration activities of previously acquired companies and operations originally structured as joint ventures and determined that based on decreases in transactional activity and magnitude of their net position that it was appropriate to reduce certain accruals. Such amounts and matters included foreign exchange, transfer pricing and other statutory assessments, charges in transit and acquisition and divestiture and disposal activities. These balances were considered to be in dispute, erroneous and/or for amounts which could not be resolved. These items were more than offset by costs related to the return to profitability employee bonus plan and stock-based compensation expense.

Net loss from continuing operations

As a result of the items discussed under our results of operations, our reported net loss from continuing operations improved by $705 in the first quarter of 2003 compared to the first quarter of 2002.

Results of operations — discontinued operations

During the first quarter of 2003, we substantially completed the wind-down of our access solutions operations and recorded net earnings of $190 (net of tax) related to the sale of certain components of this business. The $190 in net earnings was primarily related to a $101 gain from the disposition of certain shares and a membership interest in certain Arris Group Inc. companies and a gain of $95 from the settlement of certain trade and customer financing receivables. Our intent to exit this business was originally approved by our Board of Directors on June 14, 2001. The continued deterioration in industry and market conditions delayed certain disposal activities beyond the original planned timeframe of one year. In particular, actions involving negotiations with customers, who have also been affected by industry conditions, took longer than expected. Although disposal activities continued beyond the one-year period, we have continued to present the access solutions operations as discontinued operations in the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements.

For additional information, see “Discontinued operations” in note 14 of the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements.

Application of critical accounting policies

There have been no changes to our critical accounting policies since December 31, 2002. For a description of our critical accounting policies, see our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Liquidity and capital resources

Cash flows

The following table summarizes our cash flows by activity and cash on hand:

                 

    3 months ended March 31,
    2003     2002

Net cash used in operating activities of continuing operations
  $ (81 )   $ (432 )
Net cash from (used in) investing activities of continuing operations
    9       (37 )
Net cash used in financing activities of continuing operations
    (61 )     (1 )
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
    18       (6 )

Net cash used in continuing operations
    (115 )     (476 )
Net cash from discontinued operations
    253       52  

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
    138       (424 )
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period — net
    3,861       3,513  

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period — net
  $ 3,999     $ 3,089  

As of March 31, 2003, our primary source of liquidity was our current cash and cash equivalents, or cash. At March 31, 2003, we had cash of $3,999, excluding $227 of restricted cash and cash equivalents. We believe this cash will be sufficient to fund our current business model, manage our investments and meet our customer commitments for at least the next 12 months. However, if capital spending by service providers and other customers declines more significantly than we currently

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expect, we may be required to adjust our current business model. As a result, our revenues and cash flows may be materially lower than we expect and we may be required to further reduce our investments or take other measures in order to meet our cash requirements. We may seek additional funds from liquidity generating transactions and other conventional sources of external financing. We cannot provide any assurance that our net cash requirements will be as we currently expect, that we will continue to have access to our credit facilities when and as needed, or that liquidity generating transactions or financings will be available to us on acceptable terms or at all.

Cash flows used in operating activities were $81 due to a net loss from continuing operations of $136, less an adjustment of $240 for non-cash related items, plus a net cash outflow of $185 from operating assets and liabilities. Cash inflows of $47 from accounts receivable were primarily due to increased cash collections during the first quarter of 2003. Cash inflows of $111 from inventories were primarily due to product shipments exceeding additions to inventories in the first quarter 2003. The net cash outflows of $343 from the remaining operating assets and liabilities were primarily due to:

    $190 relating to restructuring payments; and
    the proportionate decrease in our assets and liabilities as a result of the decline in sales volumes and the associated size of the business.

Cash flows from investing activities were $9 and were primarily due to: a decrease of $20 in restricted cash and cash equivalents held as cash collateral for certain bid, performance related and other bonds; proceeds of $7 from the sale of certain investments and businesses; and proceeds of $6 from the sale of plant and equipment. These amounts were partially offset by $18 in plant and equipment expenditures and a net increase in long-term receivables of $4.

Cash flows used in financing activities were $61 and were primarily due to $43 used to reduce our long-term debt and a net reduction of $17 of notes payable.

Uses of liquidity

Our cash requirements for the next 12 months are primarily to fund:

    operations;
    research and development;
    workforce reduction and other restructuring activities;
    pension and post retirement benefits;
    debt service;
    capital expenditures;
    customer financings; and
    committed investments.

Also, from time to time, we may purchase our outstanding debt securities and/or convertible notes in privately negotiated or open market transactions, by tender offer or otherwise, in compliance with applicable laws.

    Obligations under special charges

The remaining cash payments of $364 relating to workforce reduction initiatives are expected to be substantially completed by mid 2004. The remaining cash payments of $696 related to contract settlement and lease costs are expected to be substantially completed by the end of 2010. We expect to incur approximately $600 to $700 in restructuring work plan related cash outflows during the remainder of 2003.

    Contractual cash obligations

Our contractual cash obligations for long-term debt, outsourcing contracts, operating leases and unconditional purchase obligations remained substantially unchanged from the amounts disclosed as at December 31, 2002 in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

In the first quarter 2003, we purchased $39 of our 6.125% Notes due February 15, 2006. Also in 2003, we plan to repay the remaining $164 of our 6.00% Notes due September 1, 2003.

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    Commitments and guarantees
 
    Bid, performance related and other bonds

We enter into bid, performance related and other bonds in connection with various contracts. Bid bonds generally have a term less than twelve months, depending on the length of the bid period for the applicable contract. Performance related bonds generally have a term of twelve months and are typically renewed, as required, over the term of the applicable contract. Other bonds generally have a term of twenty-four months. The various contracts to which these bonds apply generally have terms ranging from two to five years. Any potential payments that we would be required to make are related to our performance under the applicable contract.

The following table provides information related to these types of bonds, as at:

                 

    March 31,     December 31,
    2003     2002

Bid and performance related bonds (a)
  $ 318     $ 400  
Other bonds (b)
    39       35  

Total bid, performance related and other bonds
  $ 357     $ 435  

(a)   Net of restricted cash amounts of $184 as at March 31, 2003 and $195 as at December 31, 2002
(b)   Net of restricted cash amounts of $22 as at March 31, 2003 and $19 as at December 31, 2002

Historically, we have not had to make material payments and we do not anticipate that we will be required to make material payments under these types of bonds.

The criteria under which bid, performance related and other bonds can be obtained have changed due to declines in the economic and industry environment and our current credit condition. In addition to the payment of fees, we have experienced cash collateral requirements in connection with obtaining new bid, performance related and other bonds. However, we do not expect that the requirements and/or fees to obtain bid, performance related and other bonds will have a material adverse effect on our ability to win contracts from potential customers.

Our support facility with EDC provides support for certain of our obligations under bid and performance related bonds and may reduce the requirement for us to provide cash collateral to support these obligations. Although this facility provides for up to $750 in support, only $300 is committed support for these bonds. In addition, any bid or performance related bonds with terms that extend beyond June 30, 2004, which is the expiry date of this facility, are currently not eligible for the support provided by this facility. Unless EDC agrees to an extension of the facility or agrees to provide support in respect of any such bid or performance related bonds on a case-by-case basis outside the scope of the facility, we may be required to provide cash collateral to support these obligations. In addition to the support facility with EDC, our existing security agreements permit us to secure additional obligations under bid and performance related bonds with the assets pledged under the security agreements and to provide cash collateral as security for these types of bonds. See “Available credit and support facilities” for additional information on this support facility and the security agreements.

    Third party debt agreements

In the normal course of business, we have guaranteed the debt of certain customers. These third party debt agreements require us to make debt payments throughout the term of the related debt instrument if the customer fails to make a scheduled payment. Historically, we have not had to make material payments and currently we do not anticipate that we will be required to make material payments under these debt instruments. Our third party debt agreements remain substantially unchanged from the amounts disclosed as at December 31, 2002 in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

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    Supply and network outsourcing contracts

We enter into supply contracts with customers for products and services, which in some cases involve new, undeveloped technologies or requirements for us to build and operate networks. We also enter into network outsourcing contracts with customers to operate their networks. Some of these supply and network outsourcing contracts contain delivery and installation timetables, performance criteria and other contractual obligations. If we do not meet these requirements, it could result in:

    our having to pay substantial penalties or liquidated damages;
    the termination of the related supply or network outsourcing contract; and/or
    the reduction of shared revenues, in certain circumstances.

As is common in our industry, our supply and network outsourcing contracts are highly customized to address each customer’s particular needs and concerns. The nature of the triggering events and the amounts and timing of the penalties associated with these contracts can vary significantly due to a variety of complex, interrelated factors. We have not experienced material penalty payments on our supply and network outsourcing contracts in any recent reporting period.

Certain of our key supply arrangements were negotiated prior to the current industry and economic downturn. As a result of the extent and duration of this downturn, in respect of one of these arrangements, based on our current revenue levels, we will not meet the minimum volume levels contained in the contract. As a result, we may be obligated to compensate the supplier for certain direct costs. The amount of such direct costs cannot be reasonably estimated at this time. The amount of any such compensation would be based on a variety of complex, interrelated factors (including applicable factors that could mitigate such direct costs). An obligation to pay such compensation could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and/or supply relationships.

    Customer financing

Generally, customer financing arrangements may include financing in connection with the sale of our products and services, as well as funding for non-product costs associated with network installation and integration of our products and services. We may also provide funding for working capital purposes and equity financing.

The following table provides information related to our customer financing commitments, excluding our discontinued operations, as at:

                 

    March 31,     December 31,
    2003     2002

Drawn and outstanding — gross (a)
  $ 962     $ 1,091  
Provisions for doubtful accounts
    (699 )     (799 )

Drawn and outstanding — net
    263       292  
Undrawn commitments
    649       801  

Total customer financing
  $ 912     $ 1,093  

(a)   Included short-term and long-term amounts

In the first quarter of 2003, our gross customer financing commitments and related provisions each decreased by approximately $100 as a result of the securitization of outstanding balances associated with two of our customers and the write down of a third customer balance as a result of the customer’s bankruptcy restructuring.

We currently have customer financing commitments and/or balances outstanding in connection with the construction of new networks, including 3G wireless networks. Although we may commit to provide customer financing to customers in areas that are strategic to our core businesses, we remain focused on reducing our overall customer financing exposures in accordance with any obligations under our financing agreements. During the first quarter of 2003, we reduced undrawn commitments by $152 reflecting commitment expiration, cancellations and changing customer business plans. As of March 31, 2003, approximately $500 of the $649 in undrawn commitments was not available for funding under the terms of our financing agreements. In addition to being highly selective in providing customer financing, we have programs in place to monitor and mitigate customer credit risk, including performance milestones and other conditions of funding. Management

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is focused on the strategic use of our customer financing capacity and on reducing the amount of our existing and future customer financing exposure.

We continue to regularly assess the levels of our customer financing provisions based on a loan-by-loan review to evaluate whether they reflect current market conditions. We review the ability of our customers to meet their repayment obligations and determine our provisions accordingly. Any misinterpretation or misunderstanding of these factors by us may result in losses in excess of our provisions. These losses could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and customer relationships.

Our ability to place customer financing with third party lenders has been significantly reduced primarily due to:

    reduced demand for telecommunications financings in capital and bank markets as a result of network overcapacity, bankruptcies and financial difficulties in the industry;
    our current credit condition;
    adverse changes in the credit quality of our customers; and
    economic downturns in various countries.

As a result, we are currently directly supporting most commitments and outstanding balances and expect this to continue in the future as well. While we will continue to seek to arrange for third party lenders to assume our customer financing obligations, we expect to fund most customer financings in the normal course of our business from working capital and conventional sources of external financing. Commitments to extend future financing generally have conditions for funding, fixed expiration or termination dates and specific interest rates and purposes. Based on the terms of the existing agreements, we expect that a substantial amount of these undrawn commitments will not be funded in 2003. However, we cannot predict with certainty the extent to which our customers will satisfy the applicable conditions for funding, and subsequently request funding, prior to the termination date of the commitments.

    Joint ventures/minority interests

On October 19, 2002, we entered into a number of put option and call option agreements as well as a share exchange agreement with our partner in three European joint ventures. If the options and share exchange are exercised, we would be required to deliver to our joint venture partner net consideration of approximately $114, consisting of approximately $42 in cash, and an in-kind component of approximately $72, representing the return of a loan note currently owed to us by an affiliate of our joint venture partner. The option agreements and the share exchange agreement can be exercised between July 1, 2003 and December 31, 2003 subject to certain terms and conditions. If the transactions are completed, we will acquire the minority interests in two of these joint ventures and dispose of our minority interest in the third joint venture.

Discontinued operations

As of March 31, 2003, the remaining accruals of the discontinued access solutions operations totaled $66 and were related to future contractual obligations and estimated liabilities during the planned period of disposition. The remaining accruals are expected to be substantially drawn down by cash payments over the period of disposition. During the first quarter of 2003, we generated cash of approximately $253 on the disposition of various assets from the access solutions operations.

For additional information related to our discontinued operations, see “Discontinued operations” in note 14 of the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements.

Sources of liquidity

    Available credit facilities

We currently have $750 in available and undrawn credit facilities which expire in April 2005. These credit facilities were entered into on April 12, 2000 by Nortel Networks Limited and Nortel Networks Inc. and permit borrowings for general corporate purposes. As of March 31, 2003, there were no balances drawn under our available credit facilities.

The $750 April 2000 five year credit facilities contain a financial covenant requiring that Nortel Networks Limited’s consolidated tangible net worth at any time be not less than $1,888. As of March 31, 2003, we were in compliance with this covenant. We continue to monitor the financial position of Nortel Networks Limited in light of this covenant and if we incur

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net losses or record additional charges relating to our restructuring work plan, the accounting of our registered pension plans, the valuation of deferred income tax assets or for other events, Nortel Networks Limited’s consolidated tangible net worth may be reduced below the $1,888 threshold. If Nortel Networks Limited is unable to comply with the consolidated tangible net worth covenant, we will be unable to access the $750 April 2000 five year credit facilities.

    Available support facilities

On February 14, 2003, Nortel Networks Limited entered into an agreement with EDC regarding arrangements to provide support, on a secured basis, of certain of its performance related obligations arising out of normal course business activities. This facility, which expires on June 30, 2004, provides for up to $750 in support including $300 of committed revolving support for performance bonds or similar instruments of which $95 was utilized as at March 31, 2003. The remainder is uncommitted support for performance bonds, receivables sales and/or securitizations of which $65 was utilized as at March 31, 2003.

The support facility with EDC does not materially restrict Nortel Networks Limited’s ability to sell any of its assets (subject to certain maximum amounts) or to purchase or pre-pay any of its currently outstanding debt. EDC is not obligated to make any support available unless certain customary conditions are satisfied and Nortel Networks Limited’s senior long-term debt rating by Moody’s has not been downgraded to less than B3 and that its debt rating by Standard & Poor’s has not been downgraded to less than B–. If Nortel Networks Limited defaults on its obligations under the support facility with EDC and EDC calls upon the security provided under the security agreements in an amount exceeding $100, Nortel Networks Limited and Nortel Networks Inc. would also, as a result, be in default under their $750 April 2000 five year credit facilities and, we and Nortel Networks Limited would be in default under our outstanding public debt.

Nortel Networks Limited’s obligations under the support facility with EDC are secured on an equal and ratable basis under the existing security agreements entered into by Nortel Networks Limited and various of our subsidiaries that pledge substantially all of Nortel Networks Limited and its subsidiaries assets in favor of certain banks, including the banks under the $750 April 2000 five year credit facilities, the holders of Nortel Networks Limited’s public debt securities and the holders of our 4.25% convertible senior notes. The security provided under the security agreements is comprised of:

    pledges of substantially all of the assets Nortel Networks Limited and those of most of its United States and Canadian subsidiaries;
    share pledges in certain of Nortel Networks Limited’s other subsidiaries; and
    guarantees by certain of Nortel Networks Limited’s wholly owned subsidiaries.

If Nortel Networks Limited’s senior long-term debt rating by Moody’s returns to Baa2 (with a stable outlook) and our rating by Standard & Poor’s returns to BBB (with a stable outlook), the security will be released in full. If both the $750 April 2000 five year credit facilities and the support facility with EDC are terminated, or expire, the security will also be released in full. Nortel Networks Limited may provide EDC with cash collateral (or any other alternative collateral acceptable to EDC), in an amount equal to the total amount of its outstanding obligations and undrawn commitments and expenses under this facility, in lieu of the security provided under the security agreements.

For additional information relating to our outstanding public debt, the $750 April 2000 five year credit facilities and the support facility with EDC, see “Long-term debt, credit and support facilities” in note 7 of the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements. For additional financial information related to those subsidiaries providing guarantees, see “Supplemental consolidating financial information” in note 17 of the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements. For information relating to our debt ratings, see “Credit ratings” below. See “Forward looking statements” for factors that may affect our ability to comply with covenants and conditions in our credit and support facilities in the future.

    Shelf registration statement and base shelf prospectus

In the second quarter of 2002, we filed a shelf registration statement with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission and a base shelf prospectus with the applicable securities regulatory authorities in Canada, to qualify for the potential sale of up to $2,500 of various types of securities in the United States and/or Canada. The qualifying securities

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include common shares, preferred shares, debt securities, warrants to purchase equity or debt securities, share purchase contracts and share purchase or equity units (subject to certain approvals). As of March 31, 2003, approximately $1,700 of the $2,500 available under the shelf registration statement and base shelf prospectus has been utilized. Approximately $800 remains available for use.

Credit ratings

                         

    Rating on long-term                
    debt issued or                
    guaranteed by                
    Nortel Networks     Rating on preferred        
    Limited/Nortel     shares issued by        
    Networks     Nortel Networks        
Rating agency   Corporation     Limited     Last update

Standard & Poor’s Ratings Service
    B   CCC   September 18, 2002
 
 Moody’s Investor Services, Inc.
    B3   Caa3   November 1, 2002

The ratings remain on negative outlook by Moody’s and Standard & Poor’s. There can be no assurance that our credit ratings will not be lowered further or that such ratings agencies will not issue adverse commentaries, potentially resulting in higher financing costs and further reduced access to capital markets or alternative financing arrangements. Our credit ratings may also affect our ability, and the cost, to securitize receivables, obtain bid, performance related and other bonds, access the support facility with EDC and/or enter into normal course derivative or hedging transactions.

Off-balance sheet arrangements, contractual obligations and contingent liabilities and commitments

Off-balance sheet arrangements

We currently conduct certain receivable sales and lease financing transactions through special purpose entities and are in the process of assessing the structure of these transactions against the criteria set out in the Financial Accounting Standards Board Interpretation No. 46 — “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities”, or FIN 46.

Our receivable sales transactions are generally conducted either directly with financial institutions or with multi-seller conduits. We do not expect that we will be required to consolidate any of these entities or provide any of the additional disclosures set out in FIN 46.

Certain lease financing transactions are structured through single transaction special purpose entities that currently do not have sufficient equity at risk as defined in FIN 46. In addition, we retain certain risks associated with guaranteeing recovery of the unamortized principal balance of debt which is expected to represent the majority of the risks associated with the special purpose entities’ activities. The amount of the guarantee will be adjusted over time as the underlying debt matures. Therefore, we expect that unless the existing arrangements are modified prior to July 1, 2003, we will be required to consolidate the assets, liabilities and any non-controlling interests of these special purpose entities effective July 1, 2003. The total assets and total liabilities held by these entities at March 31, 2003 were each approximately $176 and these amounts represent the collateral and maximum exposure to loss, respectively, as a result of our involvement with these entities.

Contractual obligations

Our contractual cash obligations for long-term debt, outsourcing contracts, operating leases and unconditional purchase obligations remain substantially unchanged from the amounts disclosed as at December 31, 2002 in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

In the first quarter of 2003, we purchased $39 of our 6.125% Notes due February 15, 2006. Also in 2003, we plan to repay the remaining $164 of our 6.00% Notes due September 1, 2003. In the first quarter of 2003, we also reduced our unconditional purchase obligations by $24 through normal business related activity.

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Contingent liabilities and commitments

    Customer financing commitments

In certain instances, we are committed to provide future financing to certain customers in connection with their purchases of our products and services. The undrawn commitments were $649 at March 31, 2003 and $801 at December 31, 2002. Commitments to extend future financing generally have conditions for funding, fixed expiration or termination dates and specific interest rates and purposes. Based on the terms of the existing agreements, we expect that a substantial amount of these undrawn commitments will not be funded in 2003. However, we cannot predict with certainty the extent to which our customers will satisfy the applicable conditions for funding, and subsequently request funding, prior to the termination date of the commitments.

    Purchase commitments

Our purchase commitments remain substantially unchanged from the amounts disclosed as at December 31, 2002 in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

    Joint ventures/minority interests

On October 19, 2002, we entered into a number of put option and call option agreements as well as a share exchange agreement with our partner in three European joint ventures. If the options and share exchange are exercised, we would be required to deliver to our joint venture partner net consideration of approximately $114, consisting of approximately $42 in cash, and an in-kind component of approximately $72, representing the return of a loan note currently owed to us by an affiliate of our joint venture partner. The option agreements and the share exchange agreement can be exercised between July 1, 2003 and December 31, 2003, subject to certain terms and conditions. If the transactions are completed, we will acquire the minority interests in two of these joint ventures and dispose of our minority interest in the third joint venture.

    Other contingent liabilities and commitments

Through our normal course of business, we have also entered into other indemnifications or guarantees that arise in various types of arrangements including:

    business sale agreements;
    intellectual property indemnification obligations;
    lease agreements;
    third party debt agreements;
    indemnification of lenders and agents under credit facilities; and
    other indemnification agreements.

Historically, we have not made any significant payments under any of these indemnifications or guarantees. In certain cases, due to the nature of the agreement, we have not been able to estimate our maximum potential loss or the maximum potential loss has not been specified. However, for those agreements where we have been able to make an estimate, the maximum amount that we would be obliged to pay remains substantially unchanged from the amounts disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Legal proceedings

Nortel Networks and/or certain of our directors and officers have been named as defendants in various class action lawsuits. We are unable to determine the ultimate aggregate amount of monetary liability or financial impact to us in these legal matters, which unless otherwise specified, seek damages from the defendants of material or indeterminate amounts. We are also a defendant in various other suits, claims, proceedings and investigations which are in the normal course of business. We cannot determine whether these matters will, individually or collectively, have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. We, and any of our named directors or officers, intend to vigorously defend these actions, suits, claims, proceedings and investigations.

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For additional information related our legal proceedings, see “Contingencies” in note 15 of the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements.

Forward looking statements

Certain statements in this Quarterly Report, contain words such as “could,” “expects,” “may,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “intends,” “estimates,” “plans,” “envisions,” and other similar language and are considered forward looking statements. These statements are based on our current expectations, estimates, forecasts and projections about the operating environment, economies and markets in which we operate. In addition, other written or oral statements which are considered forward looking may be made by us or others on our behalf. These statements are subject to important risks, uncertainties and assumptions, which are difficult to predict and the actual outcome may be materially different. Some of the factors which could cause results or events to differ from current expectations include, but are not limited to, the factors described below. Unless required by applicable securities laws, we do not have any intention or obligation to publicly update or revise any forward looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

We have restructured our business to respond to industry and market conditions. The assumptions underlying our restructuring efforts may prove to be inaccurate and we may have to restructure our business again in the future.

We have substantially completed our efforts to restructure our business to realign resources and achieve desired cost savings. We have based our restructuring efforts on certain assumptions regarding the cost structure of our business and the nature, severity and duration of the industry downturn. These assumptions may or may not be correct and as a result, we may determine that further restructuring in the future will be needed. Our restructuring efforts may not be sufficient for us to achieve ongoing profitability and meet the changes in industry and market conditions. We must manage the potentially higher growth areas of our business, as well as the non-core areas, in order for us to achieve ongoing profitability.

While restructuring, we have made, and will continue to make, judgments as to whether we should further reduce our workforce or exit, or dispose of, certain businesses. These workforce reductions may impair our ability to achieve our current or future business objectives. Costs incurred in connection with restructuring efforts may be higher than estimated. Any decision by management to further limit investment or exit, or dispose of, businesses may result in the recording of additional charges. As a result, the costs actually incurred in connection with the restructuring efforts may be higher than originally planned and may not lead to the anticipated cost savings and a return to ongoing profitability.

As part of our review of restructured businesses, we also look at the recoverability of their tangible and intangible assets. Future market conditions may trigger further write downs of these assets due to uncertainties in:

    the estimates and assumptions used in asset valuations, which are based on our forecasts of future business performance; and
    accounting estimates relating to the useful life and recoverability of the net book value of these assets, including goodwill, net deferred taxes, pension assets and other intangible assets.

We will continue to review our restructuring work plan based on our ongoing assessment of the industry adjustment and the business environment.

We may be materially and adversely affected by continued reductions in spending by our customers.

A continued slowdown in capital spending by service providers and other customers may affect our revenues more than we currently expect. Moreover, the significant slowdown in capital spending by our customers, coupled with existing economic and geopolitical uncertainties and the potential impact on customer demand, has created uncertainty as to market demand. As a result, revenues and operating results for a particular period can be difficult to predict. In addition, there can be no certainty as to the severity or duration of the current industry adjustment. Our revenues and operating results have been and may continue to be materially and adversely affected by the continued reductions in capital spending by our customers. If the reduction of capital spending continues longer than we expect and we incur net losses as a result or if we are required to record additional charges relating to our restructuring work plan, the valuation of deferred income tax assets or for other events, we may be unable to comply with the financial covenant under our current credit facilities. As well, we have focused on the larger customers in certain markets, which provide a substantial portion of our revenues. A reduction or delay in business from one or more of these customers, or a failure to achieve a significant market share with these customers, could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

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Our operating results have historically been subject to yearly and quarterly fluctuations and are expected to continue to fluctuate.

Our operating results have historically been and are expected to continue to be subject to quarterly and yearly fluctuations as a result of a number of factors. These factors include:

    our ability to successfully implement programs to stimulate customer spending by anticipating and offering the kinds of products and services customers will require in the future to increase the efficiency and profitability of their networks;
    our ability to successfully complete programs on a timely basis to reduce our cost structure, including fixed costs, to streamline our operations and to reduce product costs;
    our ability to focus our business on what we believe to be potentially higher growth, higher margin businesses and to dispose of or exit non-core businesses;
    increased price and product competition in the networking industry;
    the inherent uncertainties of using forecasts, estimates and assumptions for asset valuations and in determining the amounts of accrued liabilities and other items in our consolidated financial statements;
    the impact of changes in global capital markets and interest rates on our pension plan assets and obligations;
    our ability to implement our restructuring work plan without negatively impacting our relationships with our customers, the delivery of products based on new and developing technologies, the delivery of high quality robust products at competitive prices, the maintenance of technological leadership, the effectiveness of our internal processes and organizations and the retention of qualified personnel;
    fluctuations in our gross margins;
    the development, introduction and market acceptance of new technologies, and integrated networking solutions, as well as the adoption of new networking standards;
    variations in sales channels, product costs and the mix of products sold;
    the size and timing of customer orders and shipments;
    our ability to continue to obtain customer performance bonds and contracts;
    our ability to maintain appropriate inventory levels;
    the impact of acquired businesses and technologies;
    the impact of our product development schedules, product quality variances, manufacturing capacity and lead times required to produce our products; and
    the impact of higher insurance premiums and deductibles and greater limitations on insurance coverage.

Our decision to adopt fair value accounting for employee stock options on a prospective basis commencing January 1, 2003 will cause us to record an expense over the stock option vesting period, based on the fair value at the date the options are granted, and could have a significant negative effect on our reported results.

Additionally, we are required to perform goodwill impairment tests on an annual basis and between annual tests in certain circumstances, to value our deferred tax assets and to accrue unfunded pension liabilities, each of which may result in a negative effect on our reported results.

We enter into agreements that may require us to make certain indemnification payments to third parties in the event of certain changes in an underlying economic characteristic related to assets, liabilities or equity securities of such third parties. We have historically not made any significant indemnification payments under such agreements. The occurrence of events that may cause us to become liable to make an indemnification payment is not within our control and an obligation to make a significant indemnification payment under such agreements could have a significant negative effect on our reported results.

Significant fluctuations in our operating results could contribute to volatility in the market price of our common shares.

Global economic conditions affecting the industry, as well other trends and factors affecting the industry, are beyond our control and may result in reduced demand and pricing pressure on our products.

There are trends and factors affecting the industry that are beyond our control and may affect our operations. Such trends and factors include:

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    adverse changes in the public and private equity and debt markets and our ability, as well as the ability of our customers and suppliers, to obtain financing or to fund working capital and capital expenditures;
    adverse changes in our current credit condition or the credit quality of our customers and suppliers;
    adverse changes in the market conditions in our industry and the specific markets for our products;
    the trend towards the sale of integrated networking solutions;
    visibility to, and the actual size and timing of, capital expenditures by our customers;
    inventory practices, including the timing of product and service deployment, of our customers;
    the amount of network capacity and the network capacity utilization rates of our customers, and the amount of sharing and/or acquisition of new and/or existing network capacity by our customers;
    policies of our customers regarding utilization of single or multiple vendors for the products they purchase;
    the overall trend toward industry consolidation and rationalization among our customers, competitors and suppliers;
    conditions in the broader market for communications products, including data networking products and computerized information access equipment and services;
    changes in legislation or accounting rules and governmental regulation or intervention affecting communications or data networking;
    computer viruses, break-ins and similar disruptions from unauthorized tampering with our computer systems ; and
    acts of war or terrorism or transmission of contagious diseases, such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, or SARS, in the Asia Pacific region that could lead to disruptions in general global economic activity, changes in logistics and security arrangements and reduced customer demand for our products and services.

Economic conditions affecting the industry, which affect market conditions in the telecommunications and networking industry, in the United States, EMEA, Canada and globally, affect our business. Reduced capital spending and/or negative economic conditions in these and/or other areas of the world have resulted in, and could continue to result in, reduced demand for or increased pricing pressures on our products.

Our gross margins may be negatively affected, which in turn would negatively affect our operating results and could contribute to volatility in the market price of our common shares.

Our gross margins may be negatively affected as a result of a number of factors, including:

    increased price competition;
    excess capacity or excess fixed assets;
    customer and contract settlement costs;
    higher product, material or labour costs;
    increased inventory provisions or contract and customer settlement costs;
    warranty costs;
    obsolescence charges;
    loss of cost savings on future inventory purchases as a result of high inventory levels;
    introduction of new products and costs of entering new markets;
    increased levels of customer services;
    changes in distribution channels;
    changes in product and geographic mix; and
    accruals for employee return to profitability bonus or other incentive bonuses.

Lower than expected gross margins would negatively affect our operating results and could contribute to volatility in the market price of our common shares.

We may not be able to attract or retain the specialized technical and managerial personnel necessary to achieve our business objectives.

Competition for certain key positions and specialized technical personnel in the high-technology industry remains strong, despite current economic conditions. We believe that our future success depends in part on our continued ability to hire, assimilate in a timely manner, and retain qualified personnel, particularly in key senior management positions and in our key areas of potential growth. An important factor in attracting and retaining qualified employees is our ability to provide employees with the opportunity to participate in the potential growth of our business through programs such as stock option

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plans and employee investment plans. The scope of these programs for employees and the value of these opportunities have been adversely affected by the volatility or negative performance of the market price for our common shares (including the possible consolidation of our common shares). We may also find it more difficult to attract or retain qualified employees because of our recent significant workforce reductions and business performance which has negatively impacted our level of incentive programs and incentive compensation plans. In addition, if we have not properly sized our workforce and retained those employees with the appropriate skills, our ability to compete effectively may be adversely affected. We are also more dependent on those employees we have retained, as many have taken on increased responsibilities due to the workforce reductions. If we are not successful in attracting, recruiting or retaining qualified employees, including members of senior management, we may not have the necessary personnel to effectively compete in the highly dynamic, specialized and volatile industry in which we operate or to achieve our business objectives.

Future cash flow fluctuations may affect our ability to fund our working capital requirements or achieve our business objectives in a timely manner.

Our working capital requirements and cash flows historically have been, and are expected to continue to be, subject to quarterly and yearly fluctuations, depending on such factors as timing and size of capital expenditures, levels of sales, timing of deliveries and collection of receivables, inventory levels, customer payment terms, customer financing obligations and supplier terms and conditions. In addition, due to the current general economic and industry environment, and our current credit condition, an increased portion of our cash and cash equivalents may be restricted as cash collateral for customer performance bonds and contracts, notwithstanding the support facility with EDC. The $750 April 2000 five year credit facilities are our only remaining credit facilities. We continue to have ongoing discussions with our banks and other financial institutions to explore additional financing opportunities and credit and support arrangements. As we continue to assess our overall liquidity and business needs as well as our expected financial performance, we may elect or it may be necessary to reduce or terminate the $750 April 2000 five year credit facilities prior to their expiries. We believe our cash on hand will be sufficient to fund our current business model, manage our investments and meet our customer commitments for at least the next 12 months. However, a greater than expected slow down in capital spending by service providers and other customers may require us to adjust our current business model. As a result, our revenues and cash flows may be materially lower than we expect and we may be required to further reduce our capital expenditures and investments or take other measures in order to meet our cash requirements. We may seek additional funds from liquidity-generating transactions and other conventional sources of external financing (which may include a variety of debt, convertible debt and/or equity financings). We cannot provide any assurance that our net cash requirements will be as we currently expect, that we will continue to have access to the $750 April 2000 five year credit facilities or the support facility with EDC when and as needed, or that liquidity- generating transactions or financings will be available to us on acceptable terms or at all. Our inability to manage cash flow fluctuations resulting from the above factors and the potential reduction or termination of the $750 April 2000 five year credit facilities or the support facility with EDC could have a material adverse effect on our ability to fund our working capital requirements from operating cash flows and other sources of liquidity or to achieve our business objectives in a timely manner.

Our business may be materially and adversely affected by our high level of debt.

In order to finance our business we have incurred, and have credit facilities allowing for drawdowns of, and have a shelf registration statement and a base shelf prospectus for potential offerings of, significant levels of debt compared to historical levels, and we may need to secure additional sources of funding, which may include debt or convertible debt financing, in the future. A high level of debt, arduous or restrictive terms and conditions relating to accessing certain sources of funding, failure to meet the financial and/or other covenants in our credit and/or support facilities and any significant reduction in, or access to, such facilities, poor business performance or lower than expected cash inflows could have adverse consequences on our ability to fund the operation of our business.

Other effects of a high level of debt include the following:

    we may have difficulty borrowing money in the future or accessing other sources of funding;
    we may need to use a large portion of our cash flow from operations to pay principal and interest on our indebtedness, which would reduce the amount of cash available to finance our operations and other business activities;
    a high debt level, arduous or restrictive terms and conditions, or lower than expected cash flows would make us more vulnerable to economic downturns and adverse developments in our business; and
    if operating cash flows are not sufficient to meet our operating expenses, capital expenditures and debt service requirements as they become due, we may be required, in order to meet our debt service obligations, to delay or

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      reduce capital expenditures or the introduction of new products, sell assets and/or forego business opportunities including acquisitions, research and development projects or product design enhancements.

The Nortel Networks Limited $750 April 2000 five year credit facilities contain a financial covenant. If we are unable to comply with this covenant, it will adversely affect our ability to access these credit facilities.

The $750 April 2000 five year credit facilities include a financial covenant which requires that Nortel Networks Limited’s consolidated tangible net worth at any time be not less than $1,888. We continue to monitor the financial position of Nortel Networks Limited in light of this covenant and we expect that if we incur net losses or record additional charges relating to our restructuring work plan, the accounting of our registered pension plans, the valuation of deferred income tax assets or for other events, Nortel Networks Limited’s consolidated tangible net worth may be reduced below the $1,888 threshold. If Nortel Networks Limited is unable to comply with this covenant, we will be unable to access these credit facilities.

An increased portion of our cash and cash equivalents may be restricted as cash collateral if we are unable to conclude satisfactory arrangements for alternative support for certain obligations arising out of our normal course business activities.

The support facility with EDC may not provide all the support we require in respect of certain of our obligations arising out of our normal course of business activities. In particular, although this facility provides for up to $750 in support, only $300 is committed support for performance bonds. In addition, bid and performance related bonds with terms that extend beyond June 30, 2004, which is the expiry date of this facility, are currently not eligible for the support provided by this facility. Unless EDC agrees to an extension of the facility or agrees to provide support outside the scope of the facility, we may be required to provide cash collateral to support these obligations. We cannot provide any assurance that we will reach an agreement with EDC on these matters. We are also in discussions with banks and financial institutions regarding arrangements, in addition to the support facility with EDC, that would provide for additional support, possibly on a secured basis, of these obligations, which include letters of credit, letters of guarantee, indemnity arrangements, performance bonds, surety bonds, receivables purchases, securitizations and similar instruments and arrangements. We cannot provide any assurance that such discussions will result in satisfactory arrangements. If we are unable to successfully conclude these arrangements and do not have access to sufficient support for such obligations under the support facility with EDC, an increased portion of our cash and cash equivalents may be restricted as cash collateral provided as security for these obligations, which could adversely affect our ability to support some of our normal course business activities and our ability to borrow in the future.

Changes in respect of our public debt ratings or current credit condition may materially and adversely affect the availability, the cost and the terms and conditions of our debt and alternative financing arrangements.

Certain of our outstanding debt instruments are publicly rated by independent rating agencies, which ratings are below investment grade. These public debt ratings and our current credit condition affect our ability to raise debt, our access to the commercial paper market (which is currently closed to us), our ability to engage in alternative financing arrangements, our ability to engage in normal course derivative or hedging transactions and our ability to obtain customer performance bonds and contracts. These public debt ratings have also caused the security that we granted to certain banks and holders of our outstanding public debt under our existing security agreements to become effective. This security, which consists of pledges of substantially all of the assets of Nortel Networks Limited, will continue to apply to Nortel Networks Limited’s obligations under the $750 April 2000 five year credit facilities, the support facility with EDC and our outstanding public debt, unless such credit facilities are terminated or expire, and such support facility expires or alternative collateral is provided, or such public debt ratings return to investment grade (as specified in the credit facilities) or higher. The continued existence of such security arrangements may adversely affect our ability to incur additional debt or secure alternative financing arrangements. In addition, EDC is not obligated to make any support available unless certain customary conditions are satisfied, and Nortel Networks Limited’s senior long-term debt rating by Moody’s has not been downgraded to less than B3 and that its debt rating by S&P has not been downgraded to less than B—.

Our current credit condition requires us, in addition to the payment of fees, to also post cash collateral to secure certain bid, performance related and other bonds and may also negatively affect the cost to us and terms and conditions of debt and alternative financing arrangements. Additionally, any negative developments regarding our cash flow, public debt ratings, current credit condition and/or our incurring significant levels of debt, or our failure to meet certain covenants under our credit and/or support facilities, could cause us to lose access to and/or cause a default under such facilities and/or adversely affect further the cost and terms and conditions of our debt and alternative financing arrangements.

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An inability of our subsidiaries to provide us with funding in sufficient amounts could adversely affect our ability to meet our obligations.

We may at times depend primarily on loans, dividends or other forms of financing from our subsidiaries to meet our obligations for payment of interest and principal on outstanding public debt and corporate expenses. An inability of our subsidiaries to pay dividends or provide loans or other forms of financing in sufficient amounts could adversely affect our ability to meet these obligations.

We have risks related to our defined benefit plans.

We currently maintain various defined benefit plans in North America and the United Kingdom which cover various categories of employees and retirees. Our obligations to make contributions to fund benefit obligations under these plans are based on actuarial valuations, which themselves are based on certain assumptions about the long-term operation of the plans, including employee turnover and retirement rates, the performance of the financial markets and interest rates. If the actual operation of the plans differs from the assumptions, additional contributions by us may be required. The equity markets can be, and recently have been, very volatile, and therefore our estimate of future contribution requirements can change significantly in a short period of time. Similarly, changes in interest rates can impact our contribution requirements. In a low interest rate environment, the likelihood of required contributions in the future increases. If we are required to make significant contributions to fund the defined benefit plans, our reported results could be materially and adversely affected and our cash flow available for other uses may be significantly reduced.

If market conditions deteriorate further or future results of operations are less than expected, additional valuation allowances may be required for all or a portion of our deferred tax assets.

We currently have deferred tax assets, which may be used to reduce taxable income in the future. We assess the realization of these deferred tax assets quarterly, and if we determine that it is more likely than not that some portion of these assets will not be realized, an income tax valuation allowance is recorded. If market conditions deteriorate further or future results of operations are less than expected, future assessments may result in a determination that it is more likely than not that some or all of the net deferred tax assets are not realizable. As a result, we may need to establish additional tax valuation allowances for all or a portion of the net deferred tax assets, which may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our performance may be materially and adversely affected if our expectations regarding market demand for particular products prove to be wrong.

We expect that data communications traffic will grow at a faster rate than the growth expected for voice traffic and that the use of the Internet will continue to increase. We expect the growth of data traffic and the use of the Internet will significantly impact traditional voice networks, both wireline and wireless. We believe that this will create market discontinuities. By market discontinuities, we mean opportunities for new technologies, applications, products and services that enable the secure, rapid and efficient transport of large volumes of information over networks and allow service providers and carriers to increase revenues and improve operating results. Market discontinuities will also make traditional voice network products and services less effective as they were not designed for data traffic. We believe that these market discontinuities in turn will lead to the convergence of data and voice through upgrades of traditional voice networks to transport large volumes of data traffic or through the construction of new networks designed to transport both voice and data traffic. Either approach would require significant capital expenditures by service providers. We also believe that such developments will give rise to the demand for Internet Protocol , or IP, optimized networking solutions, and third generation, or 3G, wireless networks. IP is the predominant method by which data is sent from one computer to another on the Internet — a data message is divided into smaller packets which contain both the sender’s unique IP address and the receiver’s unique IP address, and each packet is sent, potentially by different routes and as independent units, across the Internet. There is no continuing connection between the end points which are communicating versus traditional telephone communications which involve establishing a fixed circuit that is maintained for the duration of the voice or data communications call. 3G wireless networks are an evolution of communications networks from second generation wireless networks for voice and low speed data communications that are based on circuit switching — when a call is dialed, a circuit is established between the mobile handset and the third party, and the connection lasts for the duration of the call. By comparison, 3G networks allow devices to be “always on” because the networks are packet-based. We expect 3G wireless networks to include such features as voice, high speed data communications and high bandwidth multimedia capabilities, and usability on a variety of different communications devices, such as cellular telephones and pagers, with the user having accessibility anywhere and at any time to these features.

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We cannot be sure what the rate of such convergence of voice and data networks will be, due to the dynamic and rapidly evolving nature of the communications business, the technology involved and the availability of capital. Consequently, market discontinuities and the resulting demand for IP-optimized networking solutions or 3G wireless networks may not materialize. Alternatively, the pace of that development may be slower than currently anticipated. It may also be the case that the market may develop in an unforeseen direction. Certain events, including the commercial availability and actual implementation of new technologies, including 3G networks, or the evolution of other technologies, may occur which would affect the extent or timing of anticipated market demand, or increase demand for products based on other technologies, or reduce the demand for IP-optimized networking solutions or 3G wireless networks, which in turn may reduce purchases of our networking solutions by our customers, require increased expenditures to develop and market different technologies, or provide market opportunities for our competitors. Our performance may also be materially and adversely affected by a lack of growth in the rate of data traffic, a reduction in the use of the Internet or a reduction in the demand for IP-optimized networking solutions or 3G wireless networks in the future.

We have made, and may continue to make, strategic acquisitions in order to enhance our business. If we are not successful in operating or integrating these acquisitions, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.

In the past, we acquired companies to enhance the expansion of our business and products. We may consider selective opportunistic acquisitions of companies or businesses with resources and product or service offerings capable of providing us with additional product and/or market strengths to help fulfill our vision of transforming how the world communicates and exchanges information. Acquisitions involve significant risks and uncertainties. These risks and uncertainties include:

    the risk that the industry may develop in a different direction than anticipated and that the technologies we acquire do not prove to be those we need to be successful in the industry;
    the risk that future valuations of acquired businesses may decrease from the market price we paid for these acquisitions;
    the generation of insufficient revenues by acquired businesses to offset increased operating expenses associated with these acquisitions;
    the potential difficulties in completing in-process research and development projects and delivering high quality products to our customers;
    the potential difficulties in integrating new products, businesses and operations in an efficient and effective manner;
    the risk that our customers or customers of the acquired businesses may defer purchase decisions as they evaluate the impact of the acquisitions on our future product strategy;
    the potential loss of key employees of the acquired businesses;
    the risk that acquired businesses will divert the attention of our senior management from the operation of our business;
    the risks of entering new markets in which we have limited experience and where competitors may have a stronger market presence;
    potential issuance of common stock that would dilute our shareholders’ percentage ownership; and
    potential assumption of liabilities.

Our inability to successfully operate and integrate newly acquired businesses appropriately, effectively and in a timely manner could have a material adverse effect on our ability to take advantage of further growth in demand for IP-optimized network solutions and other advances in technology, as well as on our revenues, gross margins and expenses.

We operate in highly dynamic and volatile industries characterized by rapidly changing technologies, evolving industry standards, frequent new product introductions and short product life cycles.

The markets for our products are characterized by rapidly changing technologies, evolving industry standards, frequent new product introductions and short product life cycles. We expect our success to depend, in substantial part, on the timely and successful introduction of high quality, new products and upgrades, as well as cost reductions on current products to address the operational speed, bandwidth, efficiency and cost requirements of our customers. Our success will also depend on our ability to comply with emerging industry standards, to operate with products of other suppliers, to address emerging market trends, to provide our customers with new revenue-generating opportunities and to compete with technological and product developments carried out by others. The development of new, technologically advanced products, including IP-optimized networking solutions and 3G wireless networks, is a complex and uncertain process requiring high levels of innovation, as well as the accurate anticipation of technological and market trends. Investments in such development may result in

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expenses growing at a faster rate than revenues, particularly since the initial investment to bring a product to market may be high. We may not be successful in targeting new market opportunities, in developing and commercializing new products in a timely manner or in achieving market acceptance for our new products.

The success of new or enhanced products, including IP-optimized networking solutions and 3G wireless networks, depends on a number of other factors, including the timely introduction of such products, market acceptance of new technologies and industry standards, the quality and robustness of new or enhanced products, competing product offerings, the pricing and marketing of such products and the availability of funding for such networks. Products and technologies developed by our competitors may render our products obsolete. Hackers may attempt to disrupt or exploit our customers’ use of our technologies. If we fail to respond in a timely and effective manner to unanticipated changes in one or more of the technologies affecting telecommunications and data networking or our new products or product enhancements fail to achieve market acceptance, our ability to compete effectively in our industry, and our sales, market share and customer relationships could be materially and adversely affected.

In addition, unanticipated changes in market demand for products based on a specific technology, particularly lower than anticipated, or delays in, demand for IP-optimized networking solutions, particularly long-haul and metro optical networking solutions, or 3G wireless networks, could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition if we fail to respond to such changes in a timely and effective manner.

We face significant competition and may not be able to maintain our market share and may suffer from competitive pricing practices.

We operate in a highly volatile industry that is characterized by industry rationalization and consolidation, vigorous competition for market share and rapid technological development. Competition is heightened in periods of slow overall market growth. These factors could result in aggressive pricing practices and growing competition from smaller niche companies, established competitors, as well as well-capitalized computer systems and communications companies, which, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on our gross margins.

Our major competitors in Wireless Networks have traditionally included Telefonaktiebolagat LM Ericsson, Lucent Technologies Inc., Motorola, Inc., Siemens Aktiengesellschaft and Nokia Corporation. More recently, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. and Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. have emerged as competitors. Our principal competitors in the sale of our Enterprise Networks solutions to enterprises are Cisco Systems, Inc., Avaya Inc., Alcatel S.A., and Siemens. We also compete with smaller companies that address specific niches, such as Foundry Networks, Inc., Extreme Networks, Inc., Enteresys Networks, Inc., 3Com Corporation and Genesys Telecommunications Laboratories, Inc. Our principal competitors in the sale of our Wireline Networks products to service providers are large communications companies such as Cisco, Lucent, Alcatel and Siemens. In addition, we compete with smaller companies that address specific niches within this market, such as Sonus Systems Limited, BroadSoft, Inc., Taqua Inc., Redback Networks Inc., Equipe Communications Corporation, Laurel Networks, Inc. and WaveSmith Networks, Inc. Certain competitors are also strong on a regional basis, such as ZTE Corporation and Huawei. Our major competitors in Optical Networks include Alcatel, Lucent, Siemens, Fujitsu Limited, Marconi plc, Cisco, Huawei, NEC Corporation, Ciena Corporation and ADVA International Inc. Since some of the markets in which we compete are characterized by the potential for rapid growth and, in certain cases, low barriers to entry and rapid technological changes, smaller, specialized companies and start-up ventures are now or may become principal competitors in the future. We may also face competition from the resale of used telecommunications equipment, including our own on occasion, by failed, downsized or consolidated high technology enterprises and telecommunications service providers. In addition, one way to maximize market growth, enhance existing products and introduce new products is through acquisitions of companies, where advisable. Certain of our competitors may enter into additional business combinations, to accelerate product development, or to engage in aggressive price reductions or other competitive practices, creating even more powerful or aggressive competitors.

We expect that we will face additional competition from existing competitors and from a number of companies that have entered or may enter our existing and future markets. Some of our current and potential competitors have greater marketing, technical and financial resources, including access to capital markets and/or the ability to provide customer financing in connection with the sale of products. Many of our current and potential competitors have also established, or may in the future establish, relationships with our current and potential customers. Other competitive factors include the ability to provide new technologies and products, end-to-end networking solutions, and new product features, such as security, as well as conformance to industry standards. Increased competition could result in price reductions, negatively affecting our operating results, reducing profit margins and potentially leading to a loss of market share.

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We face certain barriers in our efforts to expand internationally.

We intend to continue to pursue international and emerging market growth opportunities. In many international markets, long-standing relationships between potential customers and their local suppliers and protective regulations, including local content requirements and type approvals, create barriers to entry. In addition, pursuing international opportunities may require significant investments for an extended period before we realize returns on such investments, if any, and such investments may result in expenses growing at a faster rate than revenues. Furthermore, such projects and investments could be adversely affected by:

    reversals or delays in the opening of foreign markets to new competitors;
    trade protection measures;
    exchange controls;
    currency fluctuations;
    investment policies;
    restrictions on repatriation of cash;
    nationalization of local industry;
    economic, social and political risks;
    taxation;
    interest rates;
    challenges in staffing and managing international opportunities;
    other factors, depending on the country involved; and
    acts of war or terrorism or transmission of contagious diseases, such as SARS in the Asia Pacific region.

Difficulties in foreign financial markets and economies and of foreign financial institutions, particularly in emerging markets, could adversely affect demand from customers in the affected countries. An inability to maintain or expand our business in international and emerging markets could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Fluctuating foreign currencies may negatively impact our business, results of operations and financial condition.

As an increasing proportion of our business may be denominated in currencies other than United States dollars, fluctuations in foreign currencies may have an impact on our business, results of operations, and financial condition. Our primary currency exposures are to Canadian dollars, United Kingdom pounds and the Euro. These exposures may change over time as we change the geographic mix of our global business and as our business practices evolve. For instance, if we increase our presence in emerging markets, we may see an increase in our exposure to such emerging market currencies, such as, for example, the Chinese Renminbi. These currencies may be affected by internal factors, and external developments in other countries, all of which can have an adverse impact on a country’s currency. Also, availability to enter into normal course derivative or hedging transactions in the future may be impacted by our current credit condition. We cannot predict whether foreign exchange losses will be incurred in the future, and significant foreign exchange fluctuations may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

We may become involved in disputes regarding intellectual property rights that could materially and adversely affect our business if we do not prevail.

Our industry is subject to uncertainty over adoption of industry standards and protection of intellectual property rights. Our success is dependent on our proprietary technology, which we rely on patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret laws to protect. While our business is global in nature, the level of protection of our proprietary technology provided by such laws varies by country. Our issued patents may be challenged, invalidated or circumvented, and our rights under issued patents may not provide us with competitive advantages. Patents may not be issued from pending applications, and claims in patents issued in the future may not be sufficiently broad to protect our proprietary technology. In addition, claims of intellectual property infringement or trade secret misappropriation may be asserted against us or our customers in connection with their use of our products and the outcome of any such claims are uncertain. A failure by us to react to changing industry standards, the lack of broadly-accepted industry standards, successful claims of intellectual property infringement or other intellectual property claims against us or our customers, or a failure by us to protect our proprietary technology, could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. In addition, if others infringe on our intellectual property rights, we may not be able to successfully contest such challenges.

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Rationalization and consolidation in the industry may cause us to experience a loss of customers and increased competition.

The industry has experienced the consolidation and rationalization of industry participants and this trend may continue. There have been adverse changes in the public and private equity and debt markets for industry participants which have affected their ability to obtain financing or to fund capital expenditures. Some operators have experienced financial difficulty and have, or may, file for bankruptcy protection or be acquired by other operators. Other operators may merge and we and one or more of our competitors may each supply products to the companies that have merged or will merge. This rationalization and/or consolidation could result in our dependence on a smaller number of customers, purchasing decision delays by the merged companies and/or our playing a lesser role, or no longer playing a role, in the supply of communications products to the merged companies. This rationalization and/or consolidation could also cause increased competition among our customers and pressure on the pricing of their products and services, which could cause further financial difficulties for our customers. A rationalization of industry participants could also increase the supply of used communications products for resale by affected industry participants, resulting in increased competition and pressure on the pricing for our new products. In addition, telecommunications equipment suppliers may enter into business combinations, or may be acquired by or sell a substantial portion of their assets to other competitors, resulting in accelerated product development, increased financial strength, or a broader base of customers, creating even more powerful or aggressive competitors. We may also see rationalization among equipment/component suppliers. The business failures of operators, competitors or suppliers may cause uncertainty among investors and in the industry generally.

Changes in regulation of the Internet and/or other aspects of the industry may affect the manner in which we conduct our business and may materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

There are currently few domestic or international laws or regulations that apply directly to access to or commerce on the Internet. We could be materially and adversely affected by regulation of the Internet in any country where we operate in respect of such technologies as voice over the Internet, encryption technology and access charges for Internet service providers. We could also be materially and adversely affected by increased competition, or by reduced capital spending by our customers, as a result of the change in the regulation of the industry. In particular, on February 20, 2003, the United States Federal Communications Commission, or the FCC, announced a decision in its trienniel review proceeding of the rules regarding unbundled network elements, or UNEs. The text of the FCC’s order and reasons for the decision has not yet been released. Although the decision may impact the business decisions of our United States based service provider customers, the extent of that impact has not been determined. If a jurisdiction in which we operate adopts measures which affect the regulation of the Internet and/or other aspects of the industry, we could experience both decreased demand for our products and increased costs of selling such products. Changes in laws or regulations governing the Internet, Internet commerce and/or other aspects of the industry could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our stock price has historically been volatile and further declines in the market price of our common shares or our other securities may negatively impact our ability to make future strategic acquisitions, raise capital, issue debt or retain employees.

Our common shares have experienced, and may continue to experience, substantial price volatility, including considerable decreases, particularly as a result of variations between our actual or anticipated financial results and the published expectations of analysts and as a result of announcements by our competitors and us. Also, we are no longer listed on the S&P 500 or S&P 100 indices which may also affect the price volatility of our common shares. Our credit quality, any equity or equity related offerings, operating results and prospects, among other factors, including any exclusion of our common shares from any other widely followed stock market indices, will also affect the market price of our common shares.

The stock markets have experienced extreme price fluctuations that have affected the market price and trading volumes of many technology and telecommunications companies in particular, with potential consequential negative effects on the trading of securities of such companies. A major decline in the capital markets generally, or an adjustment in the market price or trading volumes of our common shares or our other securities, may negatively impact our ability to raise capital, issue debt, secure customer business, retain employees or make future strategic acquisitions. These factors, as well as general economic and geopolitical conditions, and continued negative events within the technology sector, may in turn have a material adverse effect on the market price of our common shares.

Substantial price volatility may result in Nortel Networks failure to meet the minimum listing requirements of the New York Stock Exchange which includes a minimum share price condition.

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There are risks associated with a share consolidation.

By special resolution approved by our shareholders at the annual and special meeting of shareholders held on April 24, 2003, the board of directors has the authority, in its sole discretion, to consolidate our issued and outstanding common shares (also known as a reverse stock split) at any time prior to April 15, 2004 at a consolidation ratio selected by the board of directors, provided that (i) the ratio may be no smaller than one post-consolidation common share for every five pre-consolidation common shares, and no larger than one post-consolidation common share for every ten pre-consolidation common shares, and (ii) the number of pre-consolidation shares in the ratio must be a whole number of common shares (that is, either five, six, seven, eight, nine or ten). In addition, notwithstanding approval of the proposed consolidation by the shareholders, the board of directors, in its sole discretion, may revoke the special resolution, and abandon the consolidation without further approval or action by or prior notice to the shareholders.

There can be no assurance that our board of directors will implement the proposed share consolidation. Failure to implement the proposed share consolidation may increase the probability that our common shares would be delisted from the New York Stock Exchange in the future due to failure to satisfy the minimum share price listing condition. In addition, in the event that the trading price or trading volume of our common shares on the New York Stock Exchange were to fall to an abnormally low level, the New York Stock Exchange would have discretionary authority to begin delisting proceedings prior to any action by our board of directors to implement the proposal.

There can be no assurance that any increase in the market price for each of our common shares resulting from a share consolidation will be sustainable or that it will equal or exceed the direct arithmetical result of the consolidation (that is, from five to ten times the pre-consolidation price, depending on the ratio selected by our board of directors) since there are numerous factors and contingencies that would effect such price, including the status of the market for the common shares at the time, our reported results of operations in future periods and general economic, geopolitical, stock market and industry conditions. Accordingly, the total market capitalization of our common shares after a possible share consolidation may be lower than the total market capitalization before such consolidation and, in the future, the market price of the common shares may not exceed or remain higher than the market price prior to such consolidation. Further, there can be no assurance that post consolidation, Nortel Networks continues to meet the minimum listing requirements of the New York Stock Exchange. If such minimum listing requirements are not met, the New York Stock Exchange would have discretionary authority to begin delisting proceedings. The delisting of Nortel Networks common shares from the New York Stock Exchange could have a material adverse effect on the market price and liquidity of the common shares.

While a higher share price may help generate investor interest in our common shares, there can be no assurance that a share consolidation will result in a per share market price that will attract institutional investors or investment funds or that such price will satisfy the investing guidelines of institutional investors or investment funds. As a result, the trading liquidity of the common shares may not necessarily improve as a result of a share consolidation.

If the share consolidation is implemented and the market price of our common shares declines, the percentage decline may be greater than would occur in the absence of the share consolidation. The market price of the common shares will, however, also be based on our performance and other factors, which are unrelated to the number of common shares outstanding. Furthermore, the liquidity of our common shares could be adversely affected by the reduced number of common shares that would be outstanding after the share consolidation.

Acceleration of the settlement date on early settlement of our purchase contracts could contribute to volatility in the market price of our common shares.

On June 12, 2002, concurrent with the offering of our common shares, 28,750 equity units were offered, each initially evidencing ownership of a prepaid forward purchase contract, or purchase contract, entitling the holder to receive our common shares, and specified zero-coupon U.S. treasury strips. The aggregate number of our common shares issuable on the settlement date of the purchase contracts will be between approximately 473 million and 567 million shares, subject to some anti-dilution adjustments (which include adjustments for a possible consolidation of our common shares), depending on the applicable market value of Nortel Networks common shares. As at April 30, 2003, 28,002 purchase contracts were outstanding. The settlement date for each purchase contract is August 15, 2005, subject to acceleration or early settlement in certain cases. If we are involved in a merger, amalgamation, arrangement, consolidation or other reorganization event (other than with or into Nortel Networks Limited or certain other subsidiaries) in which all of our common shares are exchanged for consideration of at least 30 percent of the value of which consists of cash or cash equivalents, then a holder of purchase contracts may elect to accelerate and settle some or all of its purchase contracts, for our common shares. The settlement date under each purchase contract will automatically accelerate upon the occurrence of specified events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization with respect to us. Upon acceleration of the settlement date, holders will be entitled to receive 20,263.12

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common shares per purchase contract (regardless of the market price of our common shares at that time), subject to some anti-dilution adjustments. A holder of purchase contracts may also elect to accelerate the settlement date in respect of some or all of its purchase contracts. Upon an early settlement on or after February 15, 2003, the holder will receive 16,885.93 common shares per purchase contract (regardless of the market price of Nortel Networks common shares at that time), subject to some anti-dilution adjustments. An acceleration of the settlement date or early settlement of our purchase contracts could contribute to volatility in the market price of our common shares.

The current downturn in the economy has increased, and could continue to increase, our exposure to our customers’ credit risk and the risk that our customers will not be able to fulfill their payment obligations to us under customer financing arrangements.

The competitive environment in which we operate has required us in the past to provide significant amounts of medium-term and long-term customer financing. Customer financing arrangements may include financing in connection with the sale of our products and services, funding for certain non-product and service costs associated with network installation and integration of our products and services, financing for working capital and equity financing. While we are seeking to reduce our customer financing exposure, we expect we may continue in the future to provide customer financing to customers in areas that are strategic to our core business activity. If we do, we may be required to directly hold a significantly greater amount of such financings than in the past, when we were able to place a large amount of our customer financing obligations with third party lenders.

We expect to continue to hold most current and future customer financing obligations for longer periods prior to any possible placement with third-party lenders, due to, among other factors, recent economic uncertainty in various countries, adverse capital market conditions, our current credit condition, adverse changes in the credit quality of our customers and reduced demand for telecommunications financing in capital and bank markets. In addition, risks generally associated with customer financing, including the risks associated with new technologies, new network construction, market demand and competition, customer business plan viability and funding risks, may require us to hold certain customer financing obligations over a longer term. We may not be able to place any of our current or future customer financing obligations with third-party lenders on acceptable terms.

Certain customers have been experiencing financial difficulties and have failed to meet their financial obligations. As a result, we have incurred charges for increased provision related to certain trade and customer financing receivables. If there are further increases in the failure of our customers to meet their customer financing and receivables obligations to us or if the assumptions underlying the amount of provisions we have taken with respect to customer financing and receivables obligations do not reflect actual future financial conditions and customer payment levels, we could incur losses in excess of our provisions, which could have a material adverse effect on our cash flow and operating results.

Negative developments associated with our supply and network outsourcing contracts and contract manufacturing agreements may materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and supply relationships.

We have entered into supply contracts with customers to provide products and services, which in some cases involve new technologies currently being developed, or which we have not yet commercially deployed, or which require us to build and operate networks. We have also entered into network outsourcing contracts with customers to operate their networks. Some of these supply and network outsourcing contracts contain delivery and installation timetables, performance criteria and other contractual obligations which, if not met, could result in our having to pay substantial penalties or liquidated damages, the termination of the related supply or network outsourcing contract, and/or the reduction of shared revenues, in certain circumstances. Unexpected developments in these supply and outsourcing contracts could have a material adverse effect on our revenues, cash flows and relationships with our customers.

Our ability to meet customer demand is, in part, dependent on us obtaining timely and adequate component parts and products from suppliers, contract manufacturers, and internal manufacturing capacity. As part of the transformation of our supply chain from a vertically integrated manufacturing model to a virtually integrated model, we have outsourced a substantial portion of our manufacturing capacity to contract manufacturers. We work closely with our suppliers and contract manufacturers to address quality issues and to meet increases in customer demand, when needed, and we also manage our internal manufacturing capacity, quality, and inventory levels as required. However, we may encounter shortages of quality components and/or products in the future. In addition, our component suppliers and contract manufacturers have experienced, and may continue to experience, a consolidation in the industry and financial difficulties, both of which may result in fewer sources of components or products and greater exposure to the financial stability of our suppliers. A reduction or interruption in component supply or external manufacturing capacity, a significant increase in the price of one or more

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components, or excessive inventory levels could materially and negatively affect our gross margins and our operating results and could materially damage customer relationships.

Further, certain of our key supply arrangements were negotiated prior to the current industry and economic downturn. As a result of the extent and duration of this downturn, in respect of one of these arrangements based on our current revenue levels, we will not meet the minimum volume level contained in the contract. As a result, we may be obligated to compensate the supplier for certain direct costs. The amount of such compensation would be based on a variety of complex, interrelated factors (including applicable factors that could mitigate such direct costs). An obligation to pay such compensation could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition, and/or supply relationships.

Our business may suffer if strategic alliances which we have entered into are not successful.

We have entered into a number of strategic alliances with suppliers, developers and members in our industry to facilitate product compatibility, encourage adoption of industry standards or to offer complementary product or service offerings to meet customer needs. In some cases, the companies with which we have strategic alliances also compete against us in some of our business areas. If a member of a strategic alliance fails to perform its obligations, if the relationship fails to develop as expected or if the relationship is terminated, we could experience delays in product availability or impairment of our relationships with our customers.

The adverse resolution of litigation against us could negatively impact our business.

We are currently a defendant in numerous class actions and other lawsuits, including lawsuits initiated on behalf of holders of our common shares, which seek damages of material and indeterminate amounts, as well as lawsuits in the normal course of business. We are and may in the future be subject to other litigation arising in the normal course of our business. Litigation may be time consuming, expensive and distracting from the conduct of our business and the outcome of litigation is difficult to predict. The adverse resolution of any specific lawsuit could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Recent accounting pronouncements

For a discussion of recent pronouncements, see “Significant accounting policies” in note 1 of the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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ITEM 3.   QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Market risk represents the risk of loss that may impact the consolidated financial statements of Nortel Networks due to adverse changes in financial market prices and rates. Nortel Networks market risk exposure is primarily a result of fluctuations in interest rates and foreign exchange rates. Disclosure of market risk is contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 10, 2003.

ITEM 4.   CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Within the 90-day period prior to the filing of this report, an evaluation was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of Nortel Networks management, including our President and Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-14(c) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Based upon that evaluation, the President and Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the design and operation of these disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

Changes in Internal Control

There were no significant changes in our internal controls or in other factors that could significantly affect these internal controls subsequent to the date of their evaluation, including any corrective actions with regard to significant deficiencies and material weaknesses.

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PART II
OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1.   Legal Proceedings

For a discussion of our material legal proceedings, see “Legal proceedings” in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

ITEM 2.   Changes in Securities and Use of Proceeds

During the first quarter of 2003, Nortel Networks Corporation issued an aggregate of 235,499 shares upon the exercise of options granted under the Nortel Networks/BCE 1985 Stock Option Plan and the Nortel Networks/BCE 1999 Stock Option Plan. The common shares issued on the exercise of these options were issued outside of the United States to BCE Inc. employees who were not United States persons at the time of option exercise, or to BCE in connection with options that expired unexercised or were forfeited. The common shares issued are deemed to be exempt from registration pursuant to Regulation S under the United States Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”), as amended. All funds received by Nortel Networks Corporation in connection with the exercise of stock options granted under the two Nortel Networks/BCE stock option plans are transferred in full to BCE pursuant to the terms of the May 1, 2000 plan of arrangement, except for nominal amounts paid to Nortel Networks Corporation to round up fractional entitlements into whole shares. Nortel Networks Corporation keeps these nominal amounts and uses them for general corporate purposes.

                 

    Number of Common Shares Issued Without   Range of
    U.S. Registration Upon Exercise of   Exercise Prices
Date of Exercise   Stock Options Under Nortel/BCE Plans   Canadian $

01/07/2003
    122,873     34.3992 – 51.8770    
02/20/2003
    45,412     16.2474 – 46.4847    
03/01/2003
    47,112     46.4847    
03/05/2003
    15,704     51.8770    
03/25/2003
    4,398     46.4847    

ITEM 6.   Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-K

a)   Exhibits:
 
10.1   Nortel Networks Limited Restricted Stock Unit Plan, as amended and restated effective January 23, 2003.
 
10.2   Nortel Networks Limited SUCCESS Plan, as amended and restated effective January 1, 2003.
 
99.1   Certification of the President and Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
b)   Reports on Form 8-K:
 
    Nortel Networks Corporation furnished a Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 23, 2003 related to its financial results for the fourth quarter and year 2002.
 
    Nortel Networks Corporation filed a Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 24, 2003 related to its financial results for the fourth quarter and year 2002.
 
    Nortel Networks Corporation filed a Current Report on Form 8-K dated February 14, 2003 related to the announcement of a US$750 million support facility between Nortel Networks Limited and Export Development Canada, and the announcement of special matters to be considered at the upcoming annual and special meeting of shareholders of Nortel Networks Corporation, including a proposal for the shareholders to grant the Board of

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    Directors of Nortel Networks Corporation the authority to implement a consolidation of outstanding common shares, in its sole discretion, and a proposal reconfirming and approving amendments to Nortel Networks Corporation’s shareholder rights plan.
 
    Nortel Networks Corporation filed a Current Report on Form 8-K dated April 24, 2003 related to its financial results for the first quarter of 2003.
 
    Nortel Networks Corporation filed a Current Report on Form 8-K dated April 25, 2003 related to the approval by the shareholders of Nortel Networks Corporation at the annual and special meeting held on April 24, 2003 granting the Board of Directors of Nortel Networks Corporation the authority to implement a consolidation of its outstanding common shares, in its sole discretion and the reconfirmation and amendment of Nortel Networks Corporation’s shareholder rights plan.
 
    Nortel Networks Corporation furnished a Current Report on Form 8-K dated April 30, 2003 related to its financial results for the first quarter of 2003.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

 

         
NORTEL NETWORKS CORPORATION
(Registrant)
 
 
 
  Chief Financial Officer   Chief Accounting Officer  
         
  “D.C. BEATTY”   “M.J. GOLLOGLY”  
 
 
 
  D.C. BEATTY
Chief Financial Officer
  M.J. GOLLOGLY
Controller
 

Date: May 9, 2003

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CERTIFICATION

I, FRANK A. DUNN, certify that:

1.     I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Nortel Networks Corporation;

2.     Based on my knowledge, this quarterly report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this quarterly report;

3.     Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this quarterly report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this quarterly report;

4.     The registrant’s other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14) for the registrant and we have:

a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this quarterly report is being prepared;

b) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures as of a date within 90 days prior to the filing date of this quarterly report (the “Evaluation Date”); and

c) presented in this quarterly report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures based on our evaluation as of the Evaluation Date;

5.     The registrant’s other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent function):

a) all significant deficiencies in the design or operation of internal controls which could adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial data and have identified for the registrant’s auditors any material weaknesses in internal controls; and

b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal controls; and

6.     The registrant’s other certifying officers and I have indicated in this quarterly report whether or not there were significant changes in internal controls or in other factors that could significantly affect internal controls subsequent to the date of our most recent evaluation, including any corrective actions with regard to significant deficiencies and material weaknesses.

Date: May 9, 2003

   
“FRANK A. DUNN”

FRANK A. DUNN
President and Chief Executive Officer
 

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CERTIFICATION

I, DOUGLAS C. BEATTY, certify that:

1.     I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Nortel Networks Corporation;

2.     Based on my knowledge, this quarterly report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this quarterly report;

3.     Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this quarterly report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this quarterly report;

4.     The registrant’s other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14) for the registrant and we have:

a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this quarterly report is being prepared;

b) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures as of a date within 90 days prior to the filing date of this quarterly report (the “Evaluation Date”); and

c) presented in this quarterly report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures based on our evaluation as of the Evaluation Date;

5.     The registrant’s other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent function):

a) all significant deficiencies in the design or operation of internal controls which could adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial data and have identified for the registrant’s auditors any material weaknesses in internal controls; and

b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal controls; and

6.     The registrant’s other certifying officers and I have indicated in this quarterly report whether or not there were significant changes in internal controls or in other factors that could significantly affect internal controls subsequent to the date of our most recent evaluation, including any corrective actions with regard to significant deficiencies and material weaknesses.

Date: May 9, 2003

   
“DOUGLAS C. BEATTY”

DOUGLAS C. BEATTY
Chief Financial Officer
 

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