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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
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FORM 10-K
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
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(MARK ONE)
[X] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 29, 1997
[ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM
--------------- TO
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COMMISSION FILE NUMBER: 1-10079
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CYPRESS SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION
(EXACT NAME OF REGISTRANT AS SPECIFIED IN ITS CHARTER)
DELAWARE 94-2885898
(STATE OR OTHER JURISDICTION OF (I.R.S. EMPLOYER
INCORPORATION OR ORGANIZATION) IDENTIFICATION NO.)
3901 NORTH FIRST STREET, SAN JOSE, CALIFORNIA 95134-1599
(ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICES AND ZIP CODE)
REGISTRANT'S TELEPHONE NUMBER, INCLUDING AREA CODE: (408) 943-2600
SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(B) OF THE ACT:
TITLE OF EACH CLASS NAME OF EACH EXCHANGE ON WHICH REGISTERED
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Common Stock, $.01 par value New York Stock Exchange
SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(G) OF THE ACT:
None
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports
required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such
filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X] No [ ]
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item
405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the
best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements
incorporated by reference in Part III of the Form 10-K or any amendment to this
form 10-K. [ ]
At March 16, 1998, registrant had outstanding 91,264,961 shares of Common
Stock. The market value of voting stock held by non-affiliates of the
registrant, based upon the closing sale price of the Common Stock on March 16,
1998 on the New York Stock Exchange, was approximately $784,047,813. Shares of
Common Stock held by each executive officer and director and by each person who
owns 5% or more of the outstanding Common Stock have been excluded in that such
persons may be deemed affiliates. This determination of affiliate status is not
necessarily a conclusive determination for other purposes.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Parts of the Proxy Statement for Registrant's 1998 Annual Meeting of
Stockholders are incorporated by reference in Items 9, 10, 11 and 12 of Part III
of this 10-K Report.
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PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
This Item contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section
27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934. Actual results could differ materially from those projected in the
forward-looking statements as a result of the factors set forth in "Risk
Factors" and elsewhere in this Report.
GENERAL
Cypress Semiconductor Corporation ("Cypress" or the "Company") designs,
develops, manufactures and markets a broad line of high-performance digital and
mixed-signal integrated circuits for a range of markets, including data
communications, telecommunications, computers, and instrumentation systems. The
Company currently offers approximately 557 products from its Memory Products,
Programmable Logic, Computer Products, and Data Communications Divisions.
Cypress's products are marketed worldwide through a network of 22 North American
sales offices, 5 North American distributors, 23 U.S. sales representative
firms, 8 European sales offices, 2 Japanese sales offices, an office in
Singapore, an office in Korea, an office in Taiwan, and 45 international sales
representative firms. The Company sells its products to a wide range of
customers, including Ascend, Cisco Systems, IBM, Lucent Technologies, Motorola,
NEC, Northern Telecom, Seagate, and 3Com Corporation. In 1997, international
sales accounted for 36% of the Company's total sales.
The Company's initial strategy, upon its founding in 1982, was to provide
innovative high-performance CMOS (complementary metal-oxide silicon) integrated
circuits to niche markets, which were believed to be too small to warrant the
considerable investment which would be required for the major established
international semiconductor manufacturers to target those markets. The Company
modified its strategy during 1992 to focus on selected high-volume products,
particularly in the static RAM market, to bring those products to market quickly
and at reduced cost and to achieve significant market acceptance of those
targeted products. Because of the highly competitive nature of the semiconductor
industry, its cyclicality and anticipated pressure on average selling prices
over the life of any particular product, the Company's ability to successfully
implement this strategy and achieve its revenue, earnings and gross margin goals
will depend upon a number of factors, including its ability to maintain its
position in the high-performance markets, to increase its presence in the more
competitive high-volume markets, to continue to successfully design and develop
new products utilizing advanced semiconductor design and process technologies in
a timely fashion, to improve manufacturing yields and reduce manufacturing costs
and cycle time, and to effectively market and sell its products in light of
significant domestic and international competition.
The Company was incorporated in California in December 1982. The Company's
initial public offering of Common Stock occurred in May 1986 at which time the
Company's Common Stock commenced trading on the Nasdaq National Market. In
February 1987, the Company reincorporated in Delaware. The Company listed its
Common Stock on the New York Stock Exchange on October 17, 1988.
PRODUCTS
To facilitate its response to market opportunities, Cypress has four
business units -- two focused on core technologies (Memory Products Division and
Programmable Logic Division) and two on end-market segments (Data Communications
Division and Computer Products Division). Because the semiconductor industry is
characterized by rapid technological change, resulting in products with
continually higher speeds, densities and performance capabilities and the
continuing evolution of process technologies, the Company's success will
continue to depend upon the timely development, introduction and market
acceptance of new products in these areas.
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MEMORY PRODUCTS DIVISION (MPD)
Static RAMs (Static Random Access Memories). Static RAMs are used for
storage and retrieval of data in computers, data communication,
telecommunication and other electronic systems. Because a computer is required
to read from or write to its memory several times to complete an operation,
high-performance system designers are very sensitive to memory access time,
which can be a major bottleneck in overall system performance. Fast static RAMs
are used for functions such as "cache memory" to store the data being processed
by the computer's central processing unit (CPU).
The static RAM market is characterized by the requirements for many
different "densities" (number of bits per memory circuit), "organizations"
(number of bits available to the user in a single access of the RAM) and "power
consumption" (low power and ultra low power being required for portable battery
operated equipment). This differentiation of the static RAM market -- when
combined with the different RAM features incorporated by various manufacturers,
the need for military, industrial and commercial grade products, the need for
different package types, and the grading of product by speed and
power -- produces a complex market structure.
The Company introduced a new static RAM technology in the latter half of
1996 that combines the benefits of fast static RAMs with the ultra low power of
a full CMOS six transistor RAM memory cell. This combination fueled growth in
the portable computing (battery operated) marketplace in 1997. This static RAM
technology platform will be scaled down in feature size in 1998 resulting in
substantial silicon cost reduction and performance improvement. The Company's
continued progress in lowering its manufacturing costs has allowed the Memory
Product Division to compete effectively in the high volume data communication,
telecommunications, personnel computer and workstation markets.
Multichip Modules. The Company's high-density memory and logic modules are
assembled from high-performance devices in a single surface mount package in
order to create custom or standard enhanced single circuit equivalents such as
multi-megabyte static RAMs and complete cache memories used within many
high-performance personal computers. These modules can provide the solution to
many of the advanced circuit "building blocks" required by modern systems
designers. The multichip modules allow the Company increased visibility into
customer trends and future needs for single chip memory products and an
additional means to satisfy the present needs of customer systems already
incorporating Cypress products.
EPROMs (Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memories). EPROMs are the memory
elements used in computers, peripherals, and telecommunication systems which
store fixed data that is not to be altered during normal machine operations.
Customers purchase blank EPROMS which are then programmed for their specific
application needs. Cypress has been a supplier of high performance CMOS EPROMS
since 1984. These early devices were the first to combine the fast memory access
of PROMS with the low power consumption of CMOS technology. The Company offers a
broad family of high-performance EPROM products ranging in density from 4K bits
to 1 MEG bits which are available with a variety of standard and proprietary
user-interfaces.
In December 1997, the Company announced its plan to exit the commodity
EPROM business. The remaining, high-margin EPROM business was merged with the
Company's Memory Products Division.
PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC DIVISION (PLD)
PLDs (Programmable Logic Devices). The "logic" in an electrical system
performs the non-memory functions, such as "floating-point mathematics," or the
organization and routing of signals throughout a computer system. This
constitutes a significant portion of the circuitry in most systems. The Company
manufactures several logic circuits, which are programmable by the user. The
Company's PLD products allow the user to replace many standard logic devices
with a single device, thus reducing package count and cost, improving
performance and allowing miniaturization. The Company's PLD portfolio consists
of a wide variety of devices ranging from the Flash 16V8 to the very high
density CPLD (complex PLDs). All Cypress products are supported by the WARP(TM)
software tool set, which is based on VHDL (very high-speed integrated circuit
hardware description language), an industry standard.
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In March 1997, the Company and QuickLogic executed a definitive agreement
terminating an existing joint development, licensing, and foundry agreement for
antifuse Field Programmable Gate Array ("FPGA") products and executed a new
foundry agreement. Under the agreement, Cypress ceased to develop, market and
sell antifuse-based FPGA products. In return, the Company's equity position in
the privately held QuickLogic increased to greater than 20%. The Company also
entered into a five-year wafer supply agreement to provide FPGA products to
QuickLogic.
DATA COMMUNICATIONS DIVISION (DCD)
The Company's Data Communications Division provides a range of products for
telecom, networking, mass storage and high-end video. In 1997, the division
continued its expansion of new product offerings in the Specialty Memory
business segment which the Company believes will provide a broadened product
portfolio and an increased revenue stream in 1998. Data Communications
Division's family of synchronous FIFOs has been expanded and has established
Cypress as the leader in Deep Synchronous FIFOs with the industry's first 1
Megabit FIFO. All of these new Deep Synchronous FIFOs conform to industry
standard pinouts and architecture.
Data Communications Division's first PLL (Phase Locked Loop) based
products, RoboClock(TM) and HOTLink(TM), have been in production for several
years and revenues attributed to such products have continued to increase. The
Company's ATM product portfolio expanded in 1997 with the addition of a Bellcore
compliant clock and data separator, and an integrated framer and clock recovery
device.
The VME business segment provides complete solutions to PC and industrial
systems requiring connections across multiple industry standard interfaces.
The combination of these products serving different applications represent
the broad offering of products to the large and expanding data communications
market. They illustrate the commitment of the Data Communications Division to
provide a multiplicity of products and solutions to the complex problem of data
transfer between systems.
COMPUTER PRODUCTS DIVISION (CPD)
The Company's Computer Products Division products provide a range of
integrated circuits serving the frequency control and peripheral control
markets.
The Clocks business unit is a leader in the timing technology device
market. Clocks' PLL (Phase Lock Loop) frequency synthesizers integrate
essentially all clock requirements of a microprocessor based system, thus
reducing size, power, consumption and cost. These devices are widely used in
personal computers, disk drives, modems and video games.
The FCT (Fast CMOS Technology) logic business unit offers a full complement
of standard logic and bus interface functions. FCT devices are used in a wide
variety of applications whenever the need arises for very high-speed logic
functions.
The Universal Serial Bus business unit is targeting the USB market. The
universal serial bus is a four-wire connection between a PC and its peripherals,
facilitating an easy-to-use architecture known as "plug and play". The new
standard is a cooperative effort by Compaq, Digital Equipment Corporation, IBM,
Intel, Microsoft, NEC and Northern Telecom. The Company has entered into a
strategic alliance with Microsoft to produce the Company's first USB product, an
8-bit, RISC-based microcontroller for Microsoft's new Internet mouse.
During 1997, the Company announced that it will discontinue design efforts
on personal computer chipsets. The Company's chipset was technically successful,
and it had been designed into multiple projects, but the basic architecture
incorporating SRAMs into personal computers has been changed by Intel, limiting
the commercial viability of the Company's product.
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RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
The Company places great emphasis on research and development. This is
partially reflected by significant management time committed to continuously
improve process and product design development cycle time. The Company's current
product strategy requires rapid development of new products using emerging
process technologies while minimizing research and development costs. The
Company performs research and development at two levels. Research and
development relating to process technology is managed at the corporate level,
while research and development relating to new product design is managed at the
operating level by each of the Company's product divisions, in cooperation with
the Company's new product development organization.
The major focus of process technology research is development of .25-micron
and .18-micron fabrication technologies. The Company expects to begin sales of
.25-micron SRAM products by the end of 1998.
The Company's Fab I wafer fabrication facility is primarily utilized for
research and development programs focusing on improving process technology.
Development and qualification programs for .25-micron and .18-micron
technologies are currently in progress in Fab I.
The Company considers development of new products to be critical to its
future success. The Company has a central design group which focuses on new
product design and improvement of design methodologies. This group has ongoing
efforts to reduce design cycle time including re-use of standard cells via an
intellectual property library, development of computer-aided design tools and
improved design business processes. The Company currently has 37 design teams in
place working on new product designs. Design work primarily occurs at design
centers located at Colorado Springs, Colorado; San Jose, California;
Woodinville, Washington; Bloomington, Minnesota; Austin, Texas; Starkville,
Mississippi; Bangalore, India; Basingstoke, United Kingdom; and Cork, Ireland.
The Company's research and development expenditures in 1997 were $93.8
million (17% of revenues), compared with $84.3 million (16% of revenues) in 1996
and $71.7 million (12% of revenues) in 1995. The Company expects to continue to
increase spending in research and development in order to maintain its
competitiveness in new product design and process technology development.
The Company's future success depends on its ability to develop and
introduce new products which compete effectively on the basis of price and
performance and which address customer requirements. In addition, if the
development and implementation of new process technologies is not completed in a
timely and cost-effective basis, the Company's business, financial condition and
results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
MANUFACTURING
The Company manufactures its products at four submicron wafer fabrication
facilities using its proprietary 0.35, 0.5, 0.65 and 0.8-micron CMOS, 0.8 and
0.5-micron BiCMOS, and 0.65-micron Flash technologies. To enhance its
competitive position, the Company has programs to reduce manufacturing cycle
times, improve labor productivity, improve efficient use of capital resources,
manufacturing step-elimination, improved defect densities, improve yields and
ultimately lower manufacturing costs. The Company invested $69 million in 1997
to increase the capacity and capability of its primary wafer fabrication plants,
Fabs II, III and IV.
In March 1998, the Company announced that it is planning to shut down Fab
III, which is a six-inch, 0.6 micron wafer fabrication plant, and move all of
its production to Fab IV, an eight-inch wafer, .35-micron plant. The Company
will use much of the equipment from Fab III -- after upgrading it from six-inch
to eight-inch wafers -- to build out Fab IV, thereby reducing the need for new
capital purchases. In addition, the Company announced that it is downsizing its
six-inch Fab II facility to eliminate SRAM production and also to reduce
manufacturing costs on high-margin non-SRAM products.
Assembly and Test operations of the Company are performed by the Company's
highly automated assembly and test facility in the Philippines which accounted
for 37% of the Company's 1997 output, and
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through a network of offshore subcontractors. The Philippine facility focuses
its investments in high volume products and packages where the ability of the
Company to significantly lower manufacturing costs is high. The Philippine plant
currently has capability for SOJ, TSOP, QSOP/SSOP, and SOIC packages and will be
developing capability for BGAs, TSSOPII, and STSOP packages in the near future.
In 1997, the Company invested $24 million in capital to expand its Philippines'
manufacturing capability. When fully utilized, this plant is expected to
increase the Company's assembly and test manufacturing capacity by 300 million
units per year.
The complicated nature of the wafer fabrication process of the Company
often times result in certain wafers to be rejected or individual die on each
wafer to be non-functional, which result in the so called "Yield" problem that
is indigenous to the industry. Similar yield losses may be experienced in the
assembly and test phase of manufacturing. The Company's philosophy is to prevent
the yield loss and/or quality problems to the extent possible through analytical
manufacturing controls. The Company tests its products at various stages in the
fabrication, assembly and test processes, performs high temperature burn-in
qualifications as well as continuous reliability monitoring on all products, and
conducts numerous quality control inspections throughout the entire production
flow using quality-control analytic equipment. The Company has, on occasion,
experienced delayed product shipments due to lower than expected production
yields. Accordingly, to the extent the Company does not achieve acceptable
product yields, its operating results may be adversely affected.
MARKETING AND SALES
The Company uses four channels to sell its products: direct OEM (original
equipment manufacturer) sales by the Cypress sales force, direct OEM sales by
manufacturing representative firms, sales through domestic distributors, and
sales through international trading companies and representative firms. The
Company's marketing and sales effort is organized around four regions: North
America, Europe, Japan and Asia/Pacific. The Company also has a strategic
accounts group which is responsible for specific customers with worldwide
operations. The Company augments its sales effort with FAEs (field application
engineers), who are specialists in the Company's product portfolio and work with
customers to "design in" Cypress products for their systems. FAEs also help the
Company identify emerging markets and new products.
International revenues accounted for 36% of the Company's total revenues in
1997 compared to 27% in 1996 and 34% in 1995, respectively.
The Company warrants its products against defects in materials and
workmanship for a period of one year and that product warranty is generally
limited to a refund of the original purchase price of the product.
BACKLOG
Cypress's sales are typically made pursuant to standard purchase orders for
delivery of catalog products. Generally, the Company's customer relationships
are not subject to long-term contracts. Quantities of the Company's products to
be delivered and delivery schedules, under purchase orders outstanding from time
to time, are frequently revised to reflect changes in customer needs. For these
reasons, the Company's backlog as of any particular date is not representative
of actual sales for any succeeding period and the Company believes that backlog
is not a good indicator of future revenue.
COMPETITION
The Company faces competition from other domestic and foreign
high-performance integrated circuit manufacturers, many of which have advanced
technological capabilities and have increased their participation in the markets
which the Company operates in.
In the low to medium density static RAM area (16Kbit density or less), the
Company competes against equivalent products of a few manufacturers. There is
more significant price competition in the higher-volume 256Kbit and 1Mbit static
RAM area, in which the Company's competitors include Integrated Device
Technology (IDT), Motorola, Micron Technology, Alliance Semiconductor,
Integrated Silicon Solution, Inc.,
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Samsung, Hitachi and other Japanese and Korean manufacturers, as well as several
smaller niche oriented semiconductor start ups.
There are few CMOS competitors in the relatively small high-speed PROM
market. In the CMOS EPROM market, the Company competes with Advanced Micro
Devices (AMD), SGS Thompson, Texas Instruments, Fujitsu, Atmel and Waferscale
Integration. The Company also competes extensively against bipolar PROM circuit
manufacturers such as Philips Corporation and AMD.
The Company's PLD competition consists of bipolar products from companies
such as Vantis and Texas Instruments, and from CMOS PLDs from larger
competitors, including AMD, Actel, Altera, Lattice Semiconductor Corporation and
Xilinx. Additionally, the sale of PLDs is, in part, dependent on the
availability of user design software. Like the Company's Warp product, the
Company's PLD competitors have such software packages.
The Company's data communications and logic products compete against
bipolar products of similar functionality from established companies such as
AMD, as well as CMOS versions of these products from companies such as IDT,
Samsung and Sharp.
The Company competes against companies such as ICS/Avasem and ICW with
respect to timing technology products; IDT, Quality Semiconductor and Pericom
with respect to FCT products; and IDT, among others, with respect to module
products.
PATENTS AND LICENSES
The Company currently has 138 patents and approximately 330 additional
patent applications on file with the United States Patent Office and is
preparing to file more patent applications. In addition to factors such as
innovation, technological expertise and experienced personnel, the Company
believes that patents are becoming increasingly important to remain competitive
in the industry and the Company has an active program to acquire additional
patent and other intellectual property protection.
The Company has, and in the future may continue to, enter into technology
license agreements with third parties which give those parties the right to use
patents and other technology developed by the Company. Some of these agreements
also give the Company the right to use patents and other technologies developed
by such other parties, some of which involve payment of royalties.
There can be no assurance that patents owned by the Company will not be
invalidated, circumvented or challenged, or that the rights granted thereunder
will provide competitive advantage to the Company. The Company is and may in the
future be involved in litigation with respect to alleged infringement or in
litigation to enforce its intellectual property rights. There can also be no
assurance that license agreements will continue to be available to the Company
on commercially reasonable terms in the future.
RISK FACTORS
Except for the historical information contained herein, the discussion in
this 10-K report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of
Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, including, but not
limited to, statements as to the future operating results and business plans of
the Company, that involve risks and uncertainties. The Company's actual results
could differ materially from those discussed herein. Factors that could cause or
contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, general economic
conditions, the cyclical nature of both the semiconductor industry and the
markets addressed by the Company's products such as networking, computer, and
telecommunications markets, slower than expected growth in demand for
semiconductor products, the availability and extent of utilization of
manufacturing capacity, fluctuation in manufacturing yields, price erosion,
competitive factors, the successful development and timing and market acceptance
of new product introductions, product obsolescence, costs associated with future
litigation, costs associated with protecting the Company's intellectual
property, the successful ramp up of the Company's Philippines back-end
manufacturing plant, and the ability to develop and implement new technologies
including the continued transition to full commercial production of the
Company's new 0.5, 0.35 and 0.25 micron processes.
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a.) Fluctuation in operating results.
The Company's quarterly and annual results of operations are affected by a
variety of factors that could materially and adversely affect revenues, gross
profit and income from operations. These factors include, among others, demand
for the Company's products; changes in product mix; competitive pricing pressure
(particularly in the static RAM market); fluctuations in manufacturing yields;
cost and availability of raw materials; unanticipated delays or problems in the
introduction or performance of the Company's new products; the Company's ability
to introduce new products that meet customer requirements; market acceptance of
the Company's products; product introduction by competitors; availability and
extent of utilization of manufacturing capacity; product obsolescence; the
successful ramp up of the Company's Philippines back-end manufacturing plant,
resolution of Alphatec's financial situation; the ability to develop and
implement new technologies, including the transition of the Company's new 0.5,
0.35 and 0.25 micron process and continued migration to smaller geometries; the
conversion and upgrade of existing equipment base to these technologies
including transfer of equipment and capability among sites; the conversion and
upgrade of the existing equipment set from 6-inch to 8-inch capability; the
level of expenditures for research and development and sales, general and
administrative functions of the Company; costs associated with future
litigation; and costs associated with protecting the Company's intellectual
property. Any one or more of these factors could result in the Company failing
to achieve its expectations as to future revenues, gross profit and income from
operations. Additionally, risks inherent in the cyclical nature of the
semiconductor industry may cause the Company's quarterly and annual results of
operations to vary significantly. Moreover, as is common in the semiconductor
industry, the Company frequently ships more products in the third month of each
quarter than in either of the first two months of the quarter, and shipments in
the third month are higher at the end of that month. The concentration of sales
in the last month of the quarter contributes to the difficulty in predicting the
Company's quarterly revenues and results of operations.
Since the Company recognizes revenues from sales to domestic distributors
only upon the distributors' sale to end customers, the Company is highly
dependent on the accuracy of distributors' estimates on their resale, which
could be materially different from the actual amounts finally reported. These
factors also contribute to the difficulty in predicting the Company's quarterly
revenue and results of operations, particularly in the last month of the
quarter.
b.) Cyclical nature of semiconductor industry.
The semiconductor industry has historically been characterized by wide
fluctuations in product supply and demand. From time to time, the industry has
also experienced significant downturns, often in connection with, or in
anticipation of, maturing product cycles and declines in general economic
conditions. These downturns have been characterized by diminished product
demand, production over-capacity and subsequent accelerated erosion of average
selling prices ("ASPs"). In some cases, such downturns have lasted more than a
year. In the past, the Company's operating results have been adversely affected
by industry-wide fluctuations in the demand for semiconductors, which resulted
in under-utilization of the Company's manufacturing capacity. The Company's
results from operations for 1996 and 1997 were adversely affected as a result of
a significant downturn in the semiconductor industry, which particularly
affected memory related products. A continuation of these conditions would
materially and adversely affect the Company's business, financial condition and
results of operations. In addition, the Company's business, financial condition
and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected by
industry-wide fluctuations in the future.
c.) Dependence on growth of end markets.
The Company's continued success will depend in large part on the continued
growth of various electronics industries that use semiconductors, including data
communications and telecommunications equipment, computers and computer related
peripherals, automotive electronics, industrial controls, customer electronics
equipment and military equipment. A significant portion of the products across
the Company's product divisions are incorporated into data communications and
telecommunication end-products. Any decline in the demand for networking
applications, mass storage, telecommunications, cellular base stations, cellular
handsets and other personal communication devices which incorporate the
Company's products could
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adversely affect the Company's business, financial condition and operating
results. Certain of the Company's products, including Universal Serial Bus
("USB") micro-controllers, high frequency clocks and static RAMs, are
incorporated into computer and computer-related products, which have
historically been characterized by significant fluctuations in demand. Any
decline in the demand for advanced microprocessors, which utilizes these
products could materially and adversely affect the Company's operating results.
Further, any slowdown in the computer and related peripherals markets could also
materially and adversely affect the Company's operating results. There can be no
assurance that the Company will not be materially and adversely affected by
slower growth in the markets serviced by the Company's products.
d.) Product price fluctuations.
The ASPs of the Company's products historically have decreased over the
product's lives and are expected to continue to do so. To offset such ASP
decreases, the Company relies primarily on cost reductions in the manufacture of
such products, increased unit demand to absorb fixed costs and the introduction
of new, higher priced products that incorporate advanced features. To the extent
that such cost reductions, increased unit demand or new product introductions do
not occur in a timely manner or newly introduced products do not gain market
acceptance, the Company's business, financial condition and results of
operations could be materially and adversely affected. See "New Product
Development and Technological Change."
The selling prices for the Company's products, particularly the static RAM
products, fluctuate significantly with real and perceived changes in the balance
of supply and demand for these commodity products. Growth in worldwide supply of
static RAMs in recent periods resulted in a significant decrease in average
selling prices for the Company's static RAM products. During 1997 and 1996, the
Company's static RAM products (which represent approximately 38% and 47%, of the
Company's revenues, respectively) declined at a rate substantially in excess of
historical rates. In the event that ASPs continue to decline at a faster rate
than that at which the Company is able to decrease per unit manufacturing costs,
the Company's business, financial condition and results of operations will be
materially and adversely affected. The amount of capacity to be placed into
production and future yield improvements by the Company's competitors could
dramatically increase worldwide supply of static RAM products and increase
downward pressure on pricing. Further, the Company has no firm information with
which to determine inventory levels of its competitors and customers, or to
determine the likelihood that substantial inventory liquidation may occur,
causing further downward pressure on pricing.
e.) Intellectual property matters; Impact of litigation.
The semiconductor industry has experienced a substantial amount of
litigation regarding patent and other intellectual property rights. The Company
is currently and may in the future be involved in litigation with respect to
alleged infringement by the Company of another party's patents, or may in the
future be involved in litigation to enforce its patents or other intellectual
property rights, to protect its trade secrets and know-how, to determine the
validity or scope of the proprietary rights of others, or to defend against
claims of infringement or invalidity. Such litigation has in the past and could
in the future result in substantial costs and diversion of management resources
and payment of substantial damages and/or royalties or prohibitions against
utilization of essential technologies, and could have a material adverse effect
on the Company's business, financial condition and results of operations. From
time to time the Company has received, and may receive in the future,
communications alleging that its products or its processes may infringe on
product or process technology rights held by others.
In June 1997, the Company commenced a declaratory judgement action in the
United States District Court for the District of Nevada against the Li Second
Family Trust (the "Trust") asking for declaratory relief to the effect that a
U.S. patent relating to a portion of the process for manufacturing
semiconductors is unenforceable, invalid and not infringed by the Company. The
Trust has counterclaimed for patent infringement on the same patent alleging
such patent covers oxide-isolated integrated circuits. In correspondence,
attorneys for the Trust have argued that such patent "is applicable to NMOS,
CMOS, Bipolar, BiCMOS and other technologies". In December 1997, the Federal
Court for the Eastern District of Virginia preliminarily ruled that Dr. Li's
patent is unenforceable due to unequitable conduct by Dr. Li and his
8
10
attorneys in obtaining the patent. Dr. Li has the right to file an appeal,
although no such appeal as been filed as of March 17, 1998. The Company believes
it has meritorious defenses to the counterclaim and intends to defend itself
vigorously. However, should the outcome of this action be unfavorable, the
Company's business, financial condition and results of operations could be
materially and adversely affected.
Although the Company does not believe that its products or processes
infringe the proprietary rights of any third parties, there can be no assurance
that infringement or invalidity claims or actions (or claims for indemnification
resulting from infringement claims) will not be asserted against the Company or
that any such assertions (including the above-described counterclaim by the
Trust) will not materially and adversely affect the Company's business,
financial condition or results of operations. Irrespective of the validity or
the successful assertion of such claims or actions (including the
above-described counterclaim by the trust), the Company could incur significant
costs with respect to the defense thereof which could have a material adverse
affect on the Company's business, financial condition and results of operations.
Moreover, although the Company may seek to obtain a license under a third
party's intellectual property rights with respect to any such claims or actions
asserted against the Company, there can be no assurance that, under such
circumstances, a license would be available under reasonable terms at all.
The Company entered into technology license agreements with third parties
which give those parties the right to use patents and other technology developed
by the Company and which give the Company the right to use patents and other
technology developed by such other parties, some of which involve payment of
royalties and some of which involve access to technology used in the Company's
operations. The Company anticipates that it will continue to enter into such
licensing arrangements in the future. There can be no assurance that such
licenses will continue to be available to the Company on commercially reasonable
terms in the future. The loss of or inability to obtain licenses to key
technology in the future could have a material adverse effect on the Company's
business, financial condition and results of operations.
The Company intends to continue to pursue patent, trade secret and mask
work protection for its semiconductor process technologies. To that end, the
Company has obtained certain patents and patent licenses and intends to continue
to seek patents on its inventions and manufacturing processes, as appropriate.
The process of seeking patent protection can be long and expensive, and there is
no assurance that patents will be issued from currently pending or future
applications or that, if patents are issued, they will be of sufficient scope or
strength to provide meaningful protection or any commercial advantage to the
Company. In particular, there can be no assurance that any patents held by the
Company will not be challenged, invalidated or circumvented. Furthermore, there
can be no assurance that others will not develop technologies that are similar
or superior to the Company's technology, duplicate the Company's technology or
design around the patents owned by the Company. The Company also relies on trade
secret protection for its technology, in part through confidentiality agreements
with its employees, consultants and third parties. There can be no assurance
that these agreements will not be breached, that the Company will have adequate
remedies for any breach or that the Company's trade secrets will not otherwise
become known to or independently developed by others. In addition, the laws of
certain territories in which the Company's products are or may be developed,
manufactured or sold may not protect the Company's products and intellectual
property rights to the same extent, as do the laws of the United States.
f.) New product development and technological change.
The Company's future success depends on its ability to develop and
introduce new products which compete effectively on the basis of price and
performance and which address customer requirements. The Company is continually
in the process of designing and commercializing new and improved products to
maintain its competitive position. The success of new product introductions is
dependent upon several factors, including timely completion and introduction of
new product designs, achievement of acceptable fabrication yields and market
acceptance. The development of new products by the Company and their design-in
to customers' systems can take several years, depending upon the complexity of
the device and the application. Accordingly, new product development requires a
long-term forecast of market trends and customer needs, and the successful
introduction of the Company's products may be adversely affected by competing
products or technologies serving markets addressed by the Company's products.
9
11
The Company is currently developing new products with smaller feature
sizes, the fabrication of which will be substantially more complex than
fabrication of the Company's current products. The successful introduction of
these products and other new products will depend on the Company's development
and implementation of new process technologies. For example, the Company is
currently transitioning to its 0.5 and 0.35 micron process and will continue to
migrate to 0.25 micron and smaller geometries in the future. The transition
process may be coupled with the conversion and upgrade of existing equipment
base to support the required capability, the transfer of equipment and
capability among sites and the conversion of equipment base from 6-inch to
8-inch capability. If the implementation of such process changes is not
completed in a timely and cost-effective basis, the Company's business,
financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely
affected. In addition, as the Company develops its integrated solution products,
it will require more technically sophisticated sales and marketing personnel to
market these products successfully to its customers, which personnel may not be
available at affordable rates or at all. If the Company is unable to design,
develop, manufacture, market and sell new products successfully, its business,
financial condition and results of operations would be materially and adversely
affected.
g.) Dependence on limited sources of supply, equipment and independent
assembly and test subcontractors.
Raw materials and equipment utilized by the Company's manufacturing and R&D
operations generally must meet exacting product specifications. The Company
generally uses multiple sources of supply, but there are only a limited number
of suppliers capable of delivering certain raw materials and equipment that meet
the Company's specifications. Any change in the Company's suppliers would
require the qualification by the Company of the new supplier. Additionally, the
availability of raw materials and equipment may decline due to the overall
increase in worldwide semiconductor demand. Although shortages have occurred
from time to time in the past and lead times in the industry have been extended
on occasion, to date the Company has not experienced any significant
interruption in operations as a result of difficulties in obtaining raw
materials or equipment for its semiconductor manufacturing operations. However,
interruption of any one raw material or equipment source could have a material
adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition and results of
operations.
A portion of the Company's products are assembled, packaged and tested at
the Company's back-end manufacturing facility located in the Philippines. The
Company relies on independent subcontractors to assemble, package and test the
balance of its products. This reliance involves significant risk, including
reduced control over quality and delivery schedules, capacity and discontinuance
or phase-out of such subcontractors' assembly processes. There can be no
assurance that the Company's subcontractors will continue to assemble, package
and test products for the Company.
During the second quarter of 1997, Alphatec Electronics Pcl ("Alphatec"),
one of the Company's primary back-end manufacturing subcontract vendors, missed
its deadline to repay $43.7 million of third party international bonds. Although
Alphatec has experienced recent financial difficulties, the Company has
experienced no disruption in supply from Alphatec's assembly and test
operations. The Company has consigned capital assets to Alphatec which had a net
book value of approximately $15.3 million at December 29, 1997 and Alphatec's
production represents approximately 17% of the Company's back-end manufacturing
capacity.
In March 1998 the Company announced that it will shut down its Alphatec
test facility and consolidate these test manufacturing operations into the
Company's Philippines plant.
h.) Risk in manufacturing and Excess capacity.
The fabrication of integrated circuits is a highly complex and precise
process, requiring production in a tightly controlled, clean environment. Minute
impurities, difficulties in the fabrication process, defects in the masks used
to print circuits on a wafer or other factors can cause a substantial percentage
of wafers to be rejected or numerous die on each wafer to be nonfunctional. The
Company may experience problems in achieving acceptable yields in the
manufacture of wafers, particularly in connection with the expansion of its
capacity and related transitions. The interruption of wafer fabrication or the
failure to achieve acceptable
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manufacturing yields at any of the Company's facilities would have a material
adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition and results of
operations.
The Company has made, and will continue to make, substantial capital
expenditures to increase its wafer fabrication, assembly and test manufacturing
capacity and capability. Should the need for such additional capacity and
capability not materialize because of factors such as, insufficient loading of
the wafer fabs, or a significant shift in mix of wafer fab loading, or
insufficient loading of the Philippines back-end manufacturing plant and the
network of subcontractors, to the extent that they use the Company's equipment,
or a significant shift in package mix loading, anticipated cost savings may not
be realized. Should the need for more advanced technologies require accelerated
conversion to 0.35 and 0.25 micron or smaller geometries, or the transfer of
equipment and capability among fabs, or the conversion from 6-inch to 8-inch
equipment set, higher operating expenses and the need to write-off capital
equipment made obsolete by the technology conversion may result. There can be no
assurance that market conditions will permit the Company to fully utilize this
increased capacity and capability or that the increases in fixed costs and
operating expenses related to this expansion of capacity and capability will not
materially and adversely affect the Company's business, financial condition and
results of operations.
Additionally, the Company's headquarters and some manufacturing facilities
are located near major earthquake faults. In the event of a major earthquake,
the Company could suffer damages that could materially and adversely affect the
Company's business, financial condition and results of operations.
i.) Competition
The semiconductor industry is intensely competitive and is characterized by
price erosion, rapid technological change and heightened foreign competition in
many markets. The industry consists of major domestic and international
semiconductor companies, many of which have substantially greater financial,
technical, marketing, distribution and other resources than the Company, as well
as emerging companies attempting to obtain a share of the existing market. The
Company faces competition from other domestic and foreign high performance
integrated circuit manufacturers, many of which have advanced technological
capabilities and have increased their participation in the CMOS and BiCMOS
market sector. The ability of the Company to compete successfully in a rapidly
evolving high performance end of the integrated circuit technology spectrum
depends on elements both within and outside of its control, including success in
developing new products and process technologies, product quality and price,
diversity of product line, cost effectiveness, the pace at which customers
incorporate the Company's products into their systems, the number and nature of
its competitors and general economic conditions. The Company believes it
competes favorably with respect to developing new products and process
technologies, product quality and price, diversity of product line and cost
effectiveness. Price competition in the future could further erode average
selling prices and adversely affect revenues and operating results.
j.) Inventory risk; Shortened customer lead times.
The Company must order wafers and packaging materials and build inventory
well in advance of product shipments. Because the Company's markets are volatile
and subject to rapid technology and price changes, there is a risk that the
Company will forecast incorrectly and produce excess or insufficient inventories
of products. This inventory risk is heightened because many of the Company's
customers place orders with short lead times. These factors increase not only
the inventory risk but also the difficulty of forecasting quarterly operating
results. Failure to predict accurately the inventory required to meet customer
demand could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial
condition and results of operations.
k.) Liquidity and Future Capital Needs.
Semiconductor manufacturers generally have substantial ongoing capital
requirements to maintain or increase manufacturing capacity. Due to the
capital-intensive nature of the semiconductor industry and the Company's need to
continue to invest in advanced manufacturing and test equipment, the Company
expects to spend approximately $100.0 million in capital expenditures in 1998
and anticipates significant continuing
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13
capital expenditures in the next several years. Historically, the Company has
reinvested a substantial portion of its cash flow from operations in capacity
expansion and improvement programs. The Company's cash flows from operations
depend primarily on average selling prices and the per unit cost of the
Company's products. In the event that the Company is unable to decrease costs
for its products at a rate equal to the rate of decline in selling prices for
such products, the Company may not be able to generate sufficient cash flow from
operations to maintain or increase manufacturing capacity. There can be no
assurance that the Company will not be required to seek financing from external
sources to satisfy its cash and capital needs or that such financing will be
available on terms deemed satisfactory to the Company, the Company's business,
financial condition and results of operations will be adversely impacted.
l.) Dependence on Key Personnel.
The Company is dependent upon a limited number of key management and
technical personnel. In addition, the Company's future success will depend in
part upon its ability to attract and retain highly qualified personnel,
particularly product design engineers. The Company competes for such personnel
with other companies, academic institutions, government entities and other
organizations. There can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in
hiring or retaining qualified personnel, or that any of the Company's personnel
will remain employed by the Company. Any loss of key personnel or the inability
to hire or retain qualified personnel could have a material adverse effect on
the Company's business, financial condition and results of operations.
m.) Risk of International Operations.
International sales represented 36% and 27% of the Company's revenues in
1997 and 1996, respectively. The Company's offshore assembly and test operations
and export sales are subject to risks associated with foreign operations,
including currency exchange fluctuations, political instability, changes in
local economic conditions, the devaluation of local currencies, import and
export controls, as well as changes in tax laws, tariffs and freight rates. To
the extent any such risks materialize, the Company's business, financial
condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
n.) Environmental Regulations
The Company is subject to a variety of federal, state and local
governmental regulations related to the storage, use, discharge and disposal of
toxic, volatile or otherwise hazardous chemicals used in its manufacturing
process. Increasing public attention has been focused on the environmental
impact of semiconductor manufacturing operations. There can be no assurance that
changes in environmental regulations will not impose the need for additional
capital equipment or other requirements. Any failure by the Company to control
the use of, or to adequately restrict the discharge of, hazardous substances
under present or future regulations could subject the Company to substantial
liability or could cause its manufacturing operations to be suspended. Such
liability or suspension of manufacturing operations could have a material
adverse effect on the Company's business, financial conditions and results of
operations.
EMPLOYEES
As of December 29, 1997, the Company and its subsidiaries had 2,770
employees, compared with 2,171 at the end of fiscal 1996. The majority of this
increase resulted from expansion of the Company's Philippines assembly and test
operations, which at year-end had 614 employees. None of the Company's employees
is represented by a collective bargaining agreement, nor has the Company ever
experienced any work stoppage.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
The Company's executive offices, engineering and research and development
facilities are located in an approximately 60,000 square-foot building at 195
Champion Court, San Jose, California, under a lease that will expire in 1999.
Located immediately adjacent to the Company's executive offices is one of the
Company's wafer fabrication facilities (Fab I), which is primarily utilized for
R & D operations. This facility is located in
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an approximately 61,000 square-foot leased building at 3901 North First Street,
San Jose, California. The current lease expires in 1999. The lease rates for
these facilities are subject to variations based on the London interbank
offering rate (LIBOR) and a requirement to sell, extend the lease, or acquire
the property at the end of the lease term (see Note 7 of the Consolidated
Financial Statements).
Research and development and other Company staff functions also are located
at the San Jose site. This office space is composed of approximately 75,000
square feet in a building located at 4001 North First Street, San Jose,
California under a lease which expires in 2001. In addition, Cypress has leased
75,000 square feet of additional office space at 3939 North First Street, San
Jose, California. This building was occupied in 1997 and is currently leased
until 2001. As described above, the lease rates for these facilities are subject
to variations based on LIBOR and Cypress is required to sell, extend the lease
or acquire the property at the end of the lease term.
In December 1988, the Company purchased the two undeveloped industrial lots
on either side of its headquarters building. These similarly sized lots,
comprising a total of approximately 8.5 acres, will be retained for future
expansion of the San Jose building complex. In the third quarter of 1996, the
Company began operations in a new 162,000-square foot highly automated assembly
and test manufacturing plant in Cavite, the Philippines. The Company owns an
approximately 100,000 square foot wafer fabrication facility (Fab II) in Round
Rock, Texas. In 1995, the Company began construction of a new fab, Fab V,
adjacent to Fab II. Fab V construction will result in a 225,000-square-foot
facility, with a 35,000-square-foot clean room. This facility's construction is
currently on hold. In addition, the Company also owns approximately 170,000
square foot wafer fabrication facility (Fab III) and leases approximately
100,000 square foot wafer fabrication facility (Fab IV) on 18 acres of land in
Bloomington, Minnesota. The Fab IV lease rate is subject to variations based on
LIBOR and a requirement to sell, extend the lease, or acquire the property at
the end of the lease term in March 2001 (see Note 7 of the Consolidated
Financial Statements).
In November 1997, the Company purchased land and building comprised of
approximately 3.5 acres of land and 58,000-sq. ft. of building in Woodinville,
Washington. The property is the new headquarters of our Computer Products
Division (CPD), previously located in a leased facility in Kirkland, WA.
The Company leases additional space for domestic sales and design centers
in Huntsville, Alabama; Irvine, San Diego, San Jose, and Woodland Hills,
California; Denver and Colorado Springs, Colorado; Clearwater, Altamonte
Springs, and Pompano Beach, Florida; Roswell, Georgia; Palatine, Illinois;
Lexington, Kentucky; Columbia, Maryland; Minnetonka, Minnesota; Starkville,
Mississippi; Nashua, New Hampshire; Laurence Harbor, New Jersey; Raleigh, North
Carolina; Beaverton, Oregon; Trevose, Pennsylvania; and Austin, Houston and
Richardson, Texas. The Company leases international sales, representative and
design centers in Antwerp and Waterloo, Belgium; Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Le
Ulis Cedex, France; Cork, Ireland; Milan and Orbassano, Italy; Tokyo and Osaka,
Japan; Taby, Sweden; Cheshire, Basingstoke and Hertfordshire, United Kingdom;
Zorneding, Germany; Singapore; Taipei, Taiwan; Seoul, Korea; and Bangalore,
India.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
In January and February 1992, the Company and certain of its officers were
named defendants in three purported class-action suits filed in the U.S.
District Court for the Northern District of California. The suits filed are for
alleged violations of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and certain provisions
of state law regarding disclosure of short-term business prospects. In 1992, the
three securities class-action complaints were consolidated by the U.S. District
Court for the Northern District of California. In June 1995, the U.S. District
Court for the Northern District of California dismissed this lawsuit by a
summary judgment. The plaintiffs appeal with the Ninth Circuit has been denied.
In October 1997, the Company filed a lawsuit against two attorneys and their
associated law firms for malicious prosecution to recover losses incurred in the
Company's defense in these class-action suits.
In June 1997, the Company filed suit against the Li Second Family Limited
Partnership ("Li"), owner of a U.S. patent alleged to be infringed by every
company in the semiconductor and integrated circuit industries. The Company
sought to invalidate the patent and/or have the Company's processes declared
non-infringing. In December 1997, the Federal Court for the Eastern District of
Virginia preliminarily ruled that Dr. Li's
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patent is unenforceable due to inequitable conduct by Dr. Li and his attorneys
in obtaining the patent. The Company's suit is stayed indefinitely pending Li's
appeal.
In January 1998, the Company was contacted by the attorneys representing
the estate of Mr. Jerome Lemelson charging that the Company infringed on certain
patents registered by Mr. Lemelson. The attorneys for the estate have not filed
suit, but have urged the Company to enter into a licensing agreement with the
estate in order to avoid litigation. The Company is in the process of reviewing
the charges to determine the validity of the suit. Should the estate file suit,
the Company would vigorously defend itself in this matter. However, because of
the inherent uncertainties of litigation, the outcome of this action could be
unfavorable, in which event the Company might be required to pay damages and
other expenses, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company's
financial position and results of operations.
The Company will vigorously defend itself in these matters and, subject to
the inherent uncertainties of litigation and based upon discovery completed to
date, management believes that the resolution of these matters will not have a
material adverse impact on the Company's financial position or results of
operations. However, should the outcome of any of the actions be unfavorable,
Cypress may be required to pay damages and other expenses, which could have a
material adverse effect on the Company's financial position or results of
operations. In addition, the Company could be required to alter certain of its
production processes or products as a result of these matters.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
None
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EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT
Certain information regarding each of the Company's current executive
officers is set forth below:
EXECUTIVE
OFFICER
NAME AGE POSITION SINCE
---- --- -------- ---------
T. J. Rodgers 50 President and Chief Executive Officer 1982
Antonio R. Alvarez 41 Executive Vice President, Memory 1993
Products Division and Research and
Development
Emmanuel Hernandez 42 Executive Vice President, Finance and 1993
Administration, Chief Financial
Officer
J. Daniel McCranie 54 Executive Vice President, Marketing 1993
and Sales
Lothar Maier 43 Executive Vice President, Worldwide 1994
Manufacturing,
James Kupec 43 Executive Vice President, Business 1997
Development
Except as set forth below, each of the Company's executive officers has
been engaged in his principal occupation described above during the past five
years. There is no family relationship between any director or executive officer
of the Company.
T.J. RODGERS is a co-founder of the Company and has been its president and
chief executive officer since 1982. Mr. Rodgers serves as a director of Vitesse
Semiconductor Corporation and C-Cube Corporation.
ANTONIO R. ALVAREZ joined the Company in May 1987 as a senior technical
engineer. Mr. Alvarez was transferred to the Company's subsidiary, Aspen
Semiconductor Corporation, in April 1988 as the manager of BiCMOS technology. In
October 1989, Mr. Alvarez returned to the Company as Vice President, Research
and Development. In February 1993, Mr. Alvarez also became responsible for Fab I
when it was merged with the research and development department. Prior to
joining the Company in 1987, Mr. Alvarez worked in various engineering and
management positions at Motorola Corporation from September 1979 through July
1987. His last position at Motorola was as a senior member of the technical
staff.
EMMANUEL HERNANDEZ joined the Company in June 1993 as corporate Controller.
In January 1994, Mr. Hernandez was promoted to Vice President, Finance and
Administration, and Chief Financial Officer. Prior to joining the Company, from
1976 to 1993, Mr. Hernandez held various financial positions with National
Semiconductor Corporation.
J. DANIEL MCCRANIE joined the Company in October 1993 as Vice President of
Marketing and Sales. Prior to joining the Company, from 1989 to 1993, Mr.
McCranie was President and CEO of SEEQ Technology. Mr. McCranie also held the
position of Vice President of Sales and Marketing for SEEQ for five years prior
to becoming President and CEO. Previously, he held marketing and sales positions
at Harris Semiconductor, AMD, American Microsystems and Signetics.
LOTHAR MAIER joined the Company in July 1983 as Manufacturing Engineering
Manager. Mr. Maier assumed full responsibility for Fab I in February of 1988,
and held this position until the end of December 1990. Mr. Maier was transferred
to the Company's subsidiary, Cypress Semiconductor (Minnesota) , Inc. in January
1991 as subsidiary President. In addition, Mr. Maier was promoted to Vice
President of Wafer Fabrication of the Company in September 1994 and relocated
back to San Jose in the first half of 1996. In 1997, Mr. Maier became Vice
President of Worldwide Manufacturing and assumed responsibility for wafer
fabrication, assembly and test operations.
JAMES KUPEC joined the Company in 1983 as Product Engineering Manager. In
1988, he transferred to the Company's subsidiary Aspen Semiconductor as Director
of Operations. In 1992, Mr. Kupec became Vice President of Cypress's Memory
Product Division. In 1996 he was promoted to Vice President of Product Divisions
responsible for all of Cypress's product divisions. In 1997, Mr. Kupec assumed
responsibility for the Company's business development programs. Prior to joining
Cypress, Mr. Kupec worked in engineering and management positions at Mostek and
United Technologies.
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PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT'S COMMON STOCK AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
The Company's Common Stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under
the trading symbol "CY". The following table sets forth, for the periods
indicated, the low, high and closing price for the Common Stock. The Company has
not paid cash dividends and has no present plans to do so. At December 29, 1997
there were approximately 3,032 holders of record of the Company's Common Stock.
PRICE RANGE OF COMMON STOCK($)
--------------------------------
LOW HIGH CLOSE
-------- -------- --------
Fiscal Year ended December 29, 1997:
First Quarter.................................. $11.62 $15.25 $12.50
Second Quarter................................. 11.62 15.88 14.50
Third Quarter.................................. 14.19 18.94 15.50
Fourth Quarter................................. 7.37 15.94 8.63
Fiscal year ended December 30, 1996:
First Quarter.................................. 10.00 16.25 11.75
Second Quarter................................. 11.38 15.00 12.25
Third Quarter.................................. 9.13 13.63 12.63
Fourth Quarter................................. 10.50 16.63 14.50
ITEM 6. SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA
YEAR ENDED(1)
--------------------------------------------------------
1997 1996 1995 1994 1993
-------- -------- -------- -------- --------
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE AMOUNTS)
OPERATING RESULTS:
Revenues.......................... $544,356 $528,385 $596,071 $406,359 $304,512
Acquisition-related non-recurring
charges........................ -- -- -- -- 18,271
Restructuring and other
non-recurring costs
(benefits)..................... -- (7,018) 17,800 -- (408)
Operating income.................. 18,313 81,594 159,171 77,792 10,686
Income before income taxes........ 24,032 83,505 161,384 80,115 12,567
Net income........................ 18,419 53,029 102,477 50,472 8,043
Net income per share
Basic.......................... $ 0.21 $ 0.66 $ 1.25 $ 0.67 $ 0.11
Diluted........................ $ 0.21 $ 0.62 $ 1.09 $ 0.60 $ 0.11
Weighted average common and common
equivalent shares outstanding
Basic.......................... 87,888 80,241 81,748 75,618 71,785
Diluted........................ 94,648 91,604 97,309 88,311 76,241
BALANCE SHEET DATA:
Cash and short-term investments... $201,561 $ 93,786 $161,618 $193,275 $ 80,590
Working capital................... 305,027 126,006 190,580 225,952 124,651
Total assets...................... 956,270 794,047 750,728 555,699 340,648
Long term debt and capital lease
obligations (excluding current
portion)....................... 219,741 127,895 117,572 111,538 7,776
Stockholders' equity.............. 643,476 510,746 472,099 352,999 271,685
- ---------------
(1) The Company operates on a 52- or 53-week fiscal year, ending on the Monday
closest to December 31.
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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF OPERATIONS AND FINANCIAL
CONDITION
The "Management's Discussion and Analysis" may contain forward-looking
statements about the prospects for Cypress as well as the semiconductor industry
more generally including without limitation statements about profitability
goals, revenue goals, growth rate goals, market share goals, market size and
growth projections, new product introductions, planned manufacturing capacity,
and efficiency and cost goals. Actual results could differ materially from those
described in the forward-looking statements as a result of various factors
including, but not limited to, the factors identified in the Management's
Discussion and Analysis section, particularly "Factors Affecting Future
Results," as well as the following: (i) increased competition which could result
in lost sales or price erosion; (ii) changes in product demand by the
electronics and semiconductor industries, which are noted for rapidly changing
needs, coupled with an inability by Cypress to generate product enhancements or
new product introductions which will keep pace with or meet those rapidly
changing needs; (iii) failure by Cypress to develop or introduce successfully
new products in areas of expected new or increased demand, or development and
introduction of superior new products serving those areas by others; (iv)
failure of expected growth in demand for, or areas of expected new demand for,
semiconductor products to materialize; (v) failure to successfully bring on line
and utilize additional manufacturing capacity, or to transition existing
capacity to new uses; (vi) inability to develop and/or adopt more advanced
manufacturing technology; (vii) inability of the Company's patents or other
proprietary rights to ensure adequate protection against encroachment on the
Company's technology by competitors; and (viii) changes in the market for
semiconductor stocks.
This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of
Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934. Actual results could differ materially from those
projected in the forward-looking statements as a result of the factors set forth
in "Factors Affecting Future Results" and elsewhere.
OVERVIEW
In 1997, the Company's revenues increased to $544.4 million compared to the
$528.4 million recorded in 1996, but decreased in comparison to the $596.1
million recorded in 1995. Revenues increased 3.0% over last year, but were 8.7%
lower than in 1995. Even with the increase in revenues comparing 1997 to 1996,
profits in 1997 decreased to $18.4 million, or $0.21 per share, on a diluted
basis, compared to $53.0 million, or $0.62 per share in 1996. Earnings Per Share
("EPS") have been restated for all periods presented in compliance with
Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 128 ("FAS 128"), "Earnings Per
Share". Profits in 1995 were significantly higher than in 1997 as the Company
recorded profits of $102.5 million, or $1.09 per share. The Company continued to
be adversely affected by decreasing average selling prices ("ASPs"),
particularly in its largest product line, Memory Products, which includes Static
Random Access Memory products ("SRAMs"). Also in the latter part of the year,
the Company was adversely impacted by lower yields caused by the conversion of
certain capacity to 0.35 micron resulting in shortage in manufacturing output
and missed sales opportunities. As a result of lower ASPs, the Company's gross
margin decreased to 34.4% in 1997, compared to 42.2% in 1996 and 53.7% in 1995.
ASPs in 1998 are expected to continue to decrease, but at a reduced rate from
that experienced in 1997. In order to offset the effects of lower ASPs, the
Company will continue its efforts to introduce new products with higher margins
and to lower manufacturing costs by redesigning its existing products and
transition its manufacturing processes from 0.65 micron to 0.5, 0.35 and 0.25
micron geometries.
In February 1997, the Company called for redemption of all of the 3.15%
Convertible Subordinated Notes which was effective as of March 26, 1997. At the
time of conversion, approximately 85% of the holders elected to convert their
notes into the Company's common stock, increasing the amount of common stock
outstanding by 6,789,013 shares. As a result of holders electing the cash
settlement, the Company paid out $14.3 million.
In March 1997, the Company signed a definitive agreement with QuickLogic
Corporation ("QuickLogic") involving the termination of an existing joint
development, licensing and foundry agreement for antifuse Field Programmable
Gate Array ("FPGA") products and the execution of a new foundry
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agreement. Under the new agreement, the Company will cease to develop, market
and sell antifuse-based FPGA products. In return, Quicklogic paid $4.5 million,
which represented $3.5 million of Non-Recurring Engineering ("NRE") revenue
related to the sale of technology rights and $1.0 million of compensation for
inventory and other assets, and issued shares of Quicklogic common stock that
increased the Company's equity position in the privately-held QuickLogic to
greater than 20%. The $4.5 million cash consideration represented the payment
the Company received in June 1996. The Company also entered into a five-year
wafer-supply agreement to provide FPGA products to QuickLogic. Revenues and net
income contributed by the FPGA product line during 1997, 1996 and 1995 were not
significant. The Company is using the equity method of accounting to record its
investment in Quicklogic. The loss recorded in 1997 was not significant.
In September 1997, the Company completed a $175.0 million private placement
of 5-year Convertible Subordinated Notes. The notes are due in the year 2002,
with a coupon rate of 6.00% and an initial conversion premium of 48.2%. The
notes are convertible into approximately 7,408,000 shares of common stock and
are callable by the Company three years after the date of issuance. Net proceeds
were $170.2 million, after issuance costs of $4.8 million.
In October 1997, the Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to
2.0 million shares of the Company's common stock. In December 1997, the Board of
Directors authorized the repurchase of an additional 2.0 million shares. As of
December 29, 1997, the Company had repurchased 515,800 shares of its common
stock for $5.3 million. The shares purchased are expected to be issued in
conjunction with the Company's 1994 Stock Option Plan and ESPP. In conjunction
with the authorized stock repurchase program, the Company sold put warrants
through private placements for which it received $2.8 million. The Company has a
maximum potential obligation to purchase 3.0 million shares of its common stock
at an aggregate price of $32.4 million as of December 29, 1997. The puts have
various expiration periods from January 1998 through October 1998. The Company
has the right to settle the put warrants with cash or settle the difference
between the exercise price and the fair market value at the exercise date with
stock or cash. The intent of the Company is to settle these put warrants with
stock, and therefore, no amount was classified out of stockholders' equity in
the accompanying consolidated balance sheet.
In December 1997, the Company announced its plans to exit the commodity
Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory business ("EPROM"). The remaining,
high-margin EPROM business was merged with the Company's memory products
division in order to serve the Company's EPROM customers in the future without
the heavy cost of maintaining a product line. The Company also announced plans
to discontinue its Chipset business, which was served by the Company's PC Logic
product line. This included the closure of the Company's Germany Design Center,
which specialized in designing chipsets. Costs associated with the change in the
Company's business described above, were not material and were taken as period
expenses in 1997.
In December 1997, the Company announced it was shutting down its San Jose
test facility. In 1992, the Company moved a majority of its backend
manufacturing to Bangkok, Thailand, but maintained a small test area in San Jose
to support new products. In 1996 the Company began operations in its new
assembly and test facility located in the Philippines. In 1997, as the Company
began ramping up production in the Philippines plant, it was decided that the
Company no longer needed to maintain the small, but expensive test facility in
San Jose. As such, the plant was shut down. Costs associated with this shutdown
were not material and were taken as period expenses in 1997.
In January 1998, substantially all outstanding stock options with an
exercise price in excess of $9.75 per share were cancelled and replaced with new
options having an exercise price of $9.75 per share, the fair market value on
the date that the employees accepted the repricing. A total of 10,463,688 shares
were repriced. This repricing excluded the Board of Directors, the Chief
Executive Officer and the Executive staff of the Company.
On March 9, 1998, the Company announced a restructuring plan for which it
will incur charges in the quarter ended March 30, 1998, for the write-down and
write-off of manufacturing facilities, equipment and improvements; operating
costs attributable to the closure and consolidation of manufacturing facilities;
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consolidation of test facilities; write-down of non-usable assembly inventory in
the Thai test facility; the severance of manufacturing and other personnel and
other costs.
The Company plans to shut down its six-inch, 0.6 micron wafer fabrication
plant, Fab III, in Bloomington, Minnesota and move all production to its
eight-inch, 0.35 micron fab, Fab IV, also in Minnesota. The adjustments from
this decision relate primarily to the carrying value of manufacturing assets. As
a result of developments in the semiconductor industry, such as decreasing
average selling prices, particularly in its largest product line, Memory
Products, the Company has accelerated the use of more advanced manufacturing
processes to produce its products. The use of these more advanced processes
indicated that the carrying value of these selected older assets may not be
recoverable. The fair value of such manufacturing assets was based primarily
upon third party estimates of fair value. The impairment charge relates to those
assets that cannot be upgraded to eight-inch capability for use in Fab IV.
Fab II, located in Round Rock, Texas has been used in the manufacture of
wafers for the Datacommunication, Programmable Logic and Computer Products
divisions. A decision has been made to discontinue producing SRAMs in Texas.
Costs associated with this decision include severance payments for approximately
100 employees, a write-down in the valuation of equipment which cannot be used
elsewhere and related costs.
The Company uses a third party subcontractor, located in Thailand, for a
portion of its test manufacturing. The Company plans to consolidate the Thai
test manufacturing operation into its subsidiary operation located in the
Philippines. Costs associated with this include severance payments, write-off of
non-usable assembly inventory and the write-down of equipment that the Company
will not be able to use in its Manila plant.
The decision to centralize most of the wafer production in an eight-inch
fab caused the Company to make a decision to upgrade its R&D wafer fab, Fab I,
located in San Jose, California, from six-inch to eight-inch to ensure
compatibility. The charges associated with this move include facility
write-downs and disposal of certain six-inch manufacturing equipment.
Costs associated with all the above decisions amount to approximately $63.0
million.
Separately, the Company will record charges of approximately $22.0 million
relating to the write-off of certain equity investments and additional inventory
reserves relating to the ongoing industry over-supply and continued inventory
corrections by end user customers.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
In 1997, the Company recorded revenues of $544.4 million, an increase of
3.0% compared to the $528.4 million recorded in 1996, but an 8.7% decrease in
comparison to the $596.1 million recorded in 1995. Even though revenues in 1997
increased slightly compared to 1996, ASPs continued to decline, particularly in
the Memory Products Division ("MPD"), which includes the Static Random Access
Memory ("SRAM") line of products. The ASPs for SRAM products continued to
decline dropping 38.9% during 1997. The Company expects SRAM ASPs to decrease in
1998, but at a rate slower than experienced in the two previous years. The
revenue decline in SRAM products caused by decreasing ASPs in 1997 was primarily
in the 1 meg family of products where the ASPs at the end of 1997 dropped 37.6%
in comparison to the end of 1996. Although unit sales volume of SRAM products
increased significantly, growing 36.6% comparing 1997 to 1996, the increase in
unit sales volume was not significant enough to offset the decline in ASPs.
Consequently, SRAM revenues decreased 16.4% from 1996. In 1997, the Company
moved its Non-volatile Memory ("NVM") line of products from the Programmable
Products Division ("PPD") to MPD. Revenues generated from the sale of NVM
products decreased 20.0% in 1997 compared to 1996, due to lower revenues
recorded for EPROM products. As a result of the continued decline in the EPROM
business, management decided to exit the commodity EPROM business and
concentrate its efforts on products expected to yield higher margins. MPD's
percentage of the Company's total revenues decreased 11.9% largely due to the
decline in SRAM revenues and the revenue growth in the Company's other
divisions.
Revenues generated by the Data Communications Division ("DCD") grew 34.3%
comparing 1997 to 1996. Similar to last year, the growth in DCD's revenues was
primarily the result of increased revenues in the
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division's Channel line of products, which recorded 45.7% more revenue in 1997
than in 1996. Significant contributions to revenue were made by the product
line's two primary products, HOTLink point-to-point communication devices and
Programmable Skew Clock Buffers ("RoboClock"). While ASPs decreased 9.7% during
1997, the 61.5% increase in unit sales volume more than offset the decline.
Revenues in the Specialty Memory line of products, which include Clocked
First-in, First-out ("FIFOs") and Dual Port products, also increased 27.4%
comparing 1997 to 1996. The 42.3% increase in unit sales volume comparing 1997
to 1996 more than offset the 10.7% decrease in ASPs comparing the same time
periods. As a result of the increase in revenues, DCD's percentage of the
Company's total revenues increased 4.7%, growing to 20.0% in 1997.
Revenues for the Programmable Logic Division ("PLD") increased 21.9%
comparing 1997 to 1996. PLD, along with NVM, formed the Company's Programmable
Products Division in 1996. PLD revenues in 1997 benefited by $3.5 million from
non-recurring engineering revenue ("NRE") related to the sale of its FPGA
technology rights to QuickLogic. Without the $3.5 million NRE, revenues for PLD
products grew 14.7% year to year. The increase in revenues was primarily due to
increased sales volume which grew 26.9% in 1997. This increased sales volume
more than offset the decline in ASPs comparing 1997 to 1996. During that period,
PLD's percentage of the Company's total revenues increased 1.7% growing to
10.9%.
The Computer Products Division ("CPD"), the primary products of which
include the Company's Clock line of products, the VME Communication-bus Device
line of products, the Universal Serial Bus ("USB") line of products and the Fast
CMOS Technology ("FCT") Logic Device line of products increased revenues by
30.9% when comparing 1997 to 1996. The increase in revenues was experienced
across all of CPD's product lines, particularly in the Division's Clock line of
products. In the second half of 1997, the sale of Clock products increased
significantly due to sales generated from its 227X family of clocks which
service Intel Corporation and other personal computer-related manufacturers.
Revenues generated from the sale of Clock products increased 32.1% comparing
1997 to 1996. Although the average selling price of Clock products decreased
25.4% comparing 1997 to 1996, the 86.1% increase in unit sales volume more than
offset the effects of lower ASPs. With the increase in revenues, CPD's
percentage of the Company's total revenue increased 3.3% to 15.7%.
As noted above, the Company continued to experience reductions in ASPs
during 1997, particularly in its SRAM products. The decrease in ASPs continued
to be caused by industry over-supply and continued inventory corrections by end
user customers, particularly evident in the telecommunication and data
communication markets that the Company principally serves. Even though ASPs in
several markets continued to decline throughout 1997, the rate of decline was
for the most part less than the rate of decline experienced throughout 1996.
ASPs in 1998 are expected to continue to decline, but at a reduced rate from
that experienced in 1997.
The Company's cost of revenues as a percentage of revenues for 1997
increased to 65.6% compared to 57.8% in 1996 and 46.3% in 1995. As occurred in
1996, the increase in manufacturing costs as a percentage of revenues in 1997
continued to be a reflection of falling ASPs, particularly in the SRAM market.
Unit volume increased significantly throughout a majority of the Company's
product lines in 1997 even though revenues increased only slightly compared to
1996. Unit volume increased to 252.4 million units in 1997, a 42.4% increase
over 1996. Continued ASP erosion in the future could have a material adverse
effect on the Company's gross margin, and drive cost of revenues as a percentage
of revenues higher. In 1997, cost of revenues benefited from certain changes in
accounting estimates, primarily related to excess inventory reserves no longer
required. The Company continues to introduce new products and new methods to
reduce manufacturing costs in order to mitigate the effects of declining ASPs.
In the fourth quarter of 1996, the Company began production in its new assembly
and test manufacturing plant in the Philippines. The Philippines plant is
expected to generate cost savings for the Company in the future, however in
1997, the cost savings were not fully realized due to the ramping of the
facility. At the end of 1997, the Philippines facility produced over 40.0% of
the Company's backend manufacturing production compared to approximately 20.0%
in 1996. The Company plans to continue to ramp up production at the Philippines
plant in 1998 in order to lower its fixed cost per unit produced and take
further advantage of potential cost savings including related tax holidays. Once
fully-utilized, the Philippines plant is expected to increase assembly and test
manufacturing capacity by 300 million units per year.
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Alphatec Electronics Pcl ("Alphatec"), one of the Company's primary backend
manufacturing subcontract vendors, missed a number of deadlines to repay debt
through 1997, including a repayment of $43.7 million of third party
international bonds during the second quarter of 1997. Although Alphatec has
experienced recent financial difficulties, the assembly and test operations,
with which the Company currently does business, continue to operate under normal
operating conditions. At December 29, 1997, the Company has consigned
approximately $15.3 million, net book value, of capital assets to Alphatec and
Alphatec's production represents approximately 17% of the Company's backend
manufacturing capacity. In March 1998, the Company decided to exit Alphatec's
test manufacturing facility and to move all of its equipment to its Philippines
plant.
Research and development ("R&D") expenses increased to 17.2% of revenues
compared to 16.0% in 1996 and 12.0% in 1995. Actual spending in R&D increased
significantly in 1997, growing to $93.8 million compared to $84.3 million and
$71.7 million in 1996 and 1995, respectively. The increase in R&D expenses in
1997 was in process technology and to a larger extent in new product development
resources. The Company expects to continue to allocate resources to R&D in an
effort to accelerate the development of new products and develop its 0.35 and
0.25 micron process technologies. With the Company's commitment to increase
design capabilities in its design centers and the transformation of the San Jose
wafer manufacturing facility into a research and development wafer facility,
actual R&D spending is projected to grow in the future as the Company explores
new markets and improves its design and process technologies in an effort to
increase revenues and lower costs.
Selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") expenses in 1997 were 13.8% of
revenues. This was an increase from the 12.2% and 12.0% recorded in 1996 and
1995, respectively. Actual spending in SG&A expenses was $75.3 million in 1997,
an $11.0 million increase over the $64.3 million recorded in 1996 and a $4.0
million increase over the $71.3 million recorded in 1995. Selling and marketing
expenses increased primarily as a result of additional headcount and increased
expenditures resulting from increased efforts in strategic marketing and
customer service. In 1997, the Company added headcount, particularly Field
Application Engineers, in order to enhance its ability to expand its market
share in existing markets and explore other opportunities in new markets.
General and administrative expenses also increased from 1996 primarily as a
result of increased headcount and the implementation of system enhancements. The
Company plans to continue its efforts to control general and administrative
expenditures in the future.
In the third quarter of 1996, the Company recorded a one-time, pre-tax
restructuring and other non-recurring benefit of $7.0 million. A majority of the
benefit was derived from the reversal of the $17.8 million reserve established
in March 1995 related to the Texas Instruments ("TI") patent infringement
lawsuit. In July 1996, the Federal Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed the earlier
decision of the trial court that the Company did not infringe on either of the
patents filed by Texas Instruments. As a result of this decision, the Company
reversed the $17.8 million reserve (See Note 7) in the third quarter of 1996.
Also during the third quarter of 1996, the Company announced a restructuring of
its San Jose wafer fabrication facility. As a result, the Company recorded a
one-time, pre-tax charge of $9.1 million principally related to the write-down
of certain excess equipment and the transfer of certain other equipment to its
Texas and Minnesota production wafer fabrication plants. The Company also
recorded a one-time, pre-tax credit of $3.3 million related to the reimbursement
of defense costs incurred in conjunction with the securities class-action
lawsuit. This credit was approximately offset by other non-recurring charges
related to agreements with certain companies regarding cross-licensing and other
matters. In 1997, substantially all the reserve was used for the purpose for
which they were originally intended resulting in a remaining balance of $1.7
million at December 29, 1997. There was no restructuring or other one-time,
non-recurring costs charged to the Company in 1997.
Income from operations in 1997 was significantly lower in comparison to
1996 and 1995. Operating income in 1997 was $18.3 million compared to $81.6
million in 1996 and $159.2 million in 1995. The decrease in operating income in
1997 can be attributed to a significant increase in cost of revenues and
declining ASPs throughout 1997. The Company is continuing its efforts to develop
new products that typically command higher margins and to reduce manufacturing
costs through the development of and the conversion to new manufacturing
processes and the redesign of existing products in order to improve gross margin
and operating income.
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Net interest and other income in 1997 was $5.7 million, an increase from
the $1.9 million and $2.2 million recorded in 1996 and 1995, respectively.
Interest and other income increased by $4.1 million to $12.9 million in 1997
from the $8.8 million recorded in 1996 and was $4.4 million higher than the $8.5
million recorded in 1995. The majority of the increase can be attributed to the
$3.8 million gain recorded from the sale of the Company's remaining investment
in Vitesse Corporation in 1997. Interest expense in 1997 was $7.2 million, a
slight increase in comparison to the $6.9 million and $6.2 million recorded in
1996 and 1995, respectively. In 1997, interest expense was primarily from the
convertible bond that was redeemed in March 1997, the new convertible bond
issued in September 1997 and the Company's revolving line of credit.
The Company recorded income tax expense of $5.6 million in 1997, compared
to $30.5 million in 1996 and $58.9 million in 1995. The effective tax rate for
1997 was 23.4% compared to 36.5% in both 1996 and 1995. In 1997, the decrease in
the effective tax rate was primarily a result of R&D tax credits and certain tax
benefits related to the Company's operations in the Philippines.
The Company's net income decreased significantly in 1997 in comparison to
1996 and 1995. In 1997, net income recorded was $18.4 million, compared to $53.0
million in 1996 and $102.5 million in 1995.
FACTORS AFFECTING FUTURE RESULTS
RISK FACTORS
Except for the historical information contained herein, the discussion in
this annual report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of
Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, including, but not
limited to, statements as to the future operating results and business plans of
the Company, that involve risks and uncertainties. The Company's actual results
could differ materially from those discussed herein. Factors that could cause or
contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, general economic
conditions, the cyclical nature of both the semiconductor industry and the
markets addressed by the Company's products such as networking, computer, and
telecommunications markets, the effects of competition, characterized by price
erosion, rapid technological change and heightened foreign competition in many
markets, slower than expected growth in demand for semiconductor products, the
availability and extent of utilization of manufacturing capacity, dependence on
independent subcontract vendors, dependence on limited sources of supplies,
fluctuation in manufacturing yields, the successful development and timing and
market acceptance of new product introductions, product obsolescence, costs
associated with future litigation, costs associated with protecting the
Company's intellectual property, the successful ramp up of the Company's
Philippines back-end manufacturing plant, the ability to develop and implement
new technologies including the continued transition to full commercial
production of the Company's new 0.5, 0.35 and 0.25 micron processes, dependence
on key personnel, risk of international operations and the effects of
environmental regulations.
The Company's quarterly and annual results of operations are affected by a
variety of factors that could materially and adversely affect revenues, gross
profit and income from operations. These factors include, among others, demand
for the Company's products; changes in product mix; competitive pricing pressure
(particularly in the static RAM market); fluctuations in manufacturing yields;
cost and availability of raw materials; unanticipated delays or problems in the
introduction or performance of the Company's new products; the Company's ability
to introduce new products that meet customer requirements; market acceptance of
the Company's products; product introduction by competitors; availability and
extent of utilization of manufacturing capacity; product obsolescence;
successful ramp up of the Company's Philippines back-end manufacturing plant,
resolution of Alphatec's financial situation; ability to develop and implement
new technologies, including the transition of the Company's new 0.5, 0.35 and
0.25 micron process and continued migration to smaller geometries; conversion
and upgrade of existing equipment base to these technologies including transfer
of equipment and capability among sites; conversion and upgrade of the existing
equipment set from 6-inch to 8-inch capability; level of expenditures for
research and development and sales, general and administrative functions of the
Company; costs associated with future litigation; and costs associated with
protecting the Company's intellectual property. Any one or more of these factors
could result in the Company failing to achieve its expectations as to future
revenues, gross profit and income from
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operations. Additionally, risks inherent in the cyclical nature of the
semiconductor industry may cause the Company's quarterly and annual results of
operations to vary significantly. Moreover, as is common in the semiconductor
industry, the Company frequently ships more products in the third month of each
quarter than in either of the first two months of the quarter, and shipments in
the third month are higher at the end of that month. The concentration of sales
in the last month of the quarter contributes to the difficulty in predicting the
Company's quarterly revenues and results of operations.
Since the Company recognizes revenues from sales to domestic distributors
only upon the distributors' sale to end customers, the Company is highly
dependent on the accuracy of distributors' estimates on their resale which could
be materially different from the actual amounts finally reported. This also
contributes to the difficulty in predicting the Company's quarterly revenue and
results of operations, particularly in the last month of the quarter.
Additionally, the Company's headquarters and some manufacturing facilities
are located near major earthquake faults. In the event of a major earthquake,
the Company could suffer damages that could materially and adversely affect the
Company's business, financial conditions and results of operations.
YEAR 2000 DISCLOSURE
In the next two years, most companies will face a potentially serious
information systems problem because many software application and operational
programs written in the past may not properly recognize calendar dates beginning
in the year 2000. This problem could force computers to either shut down or
provide incorrect data or information. The Company began the process of
identifying the changes required to its computer programs and hardware, in
consultation with software and hardware providers in late 1996. Efforts are
being made to modify or replace any non-compliant software, systems and
equipment by the year 1999. In 1997, the Company began the process of replacing
certain software by implementing a new accounting software system that is year
2000 compliant. Further, the Company is aware of the risks to third parties and
the potential adverse impact on the Company resulting from the failure by these
parties to adequately address the year 2000 problem. In response to this, the
Company is inquiring of strategic suppliers and large customers to determine the
extent to which the Company is vulnerable to these third parties failure to
remediate their own year 2000 issues. The Company has expended and will continue
to expend appropriate resources to address this issue on a timely basis.
However, no estimate of the expected total cost of this effort can be made at
this time, nor can any assurance be given that the year 2000 problem will not
have an adverse impact on the Company's earnings. The Company has determined it
has no exposure to contingencies related to the year 2000 issue for the products
it has sold.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
The Company's cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments totaled
$201.6 million at the end of fiscal year 1997, a $107.8 million increase from
the end of 1996.
In February 1997, the Company called for redemption of all of the 3.15%
Convertible Subordinated Notes which was effective as of March 26, 1997. At the
time of conversion, approximately 85% of the holders elected to convert their
notes into the Company's common stock, increasing the amount of common stock
outstanding by 6,789,013 shares. As a result of holders electing the cash
settlement, the Company paid out $14.3 million.
In April 1997, the Company sold capital equipment located in its Minnesota
wafer fabrication facility to Fleet Capital Leasing ("Fleet") in a
sale-leaseback agreement. In October 1997, the Company entered into a similar
agreement with Comdisco, Inc. ("Comdisco") for other capital equipment located
in Minnesota. The Company received a total of $28.2 million from Fleet and
Comdisco in exchange for the capital equipment and as a result of the
transactions, recorded an immaterial gain that will be amortized over the life
of the leases.
In September 1997, the Company completed a $175.0 million private placement
of 5-year Convertible Subordinated Notes. The notes are due in the year 2002,
with a coupon rate of 6.00% and an initial conversion
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premium of 48.2%. The notes are convertible into approximately 7,408,000 shares
of common stock and are callable by the Company three years after the date of
issuance. Net proceeds were $170.2 million, after issuance costs of $4.8
million.
In October 1997, the Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to
2.0 million shares of the Company's common stock. In December 1997, the Board of
Directors authorized the repurchase of an additional 2.0 million shares. As of
December 29, 1997, the Company had repurchased 515,800 shares of its common
stock for $5.3 million. The shares purchased are expected to be issued in
conjunction with the Company's 1994 Stock Option Plan and ESPP. In conjunction
with the authorized stock repurchase program, the Company sold put warrants
through private placements for which the Company received $2.8 million. The
Company has a maximum potential obligation to purchase 3.0 million shares of its
common stock at an aggregate price of $32.4 million as of December 29, 1997. The
Company sold additional put warrants through private placements through February
26, 1998. As of March 17, 1998, the Company has a maximum potential obligation
to purchase 4.5 million shares of its common stock at an aggregate price of
$44.9 million. The puts have various expiration periods from January 1998
through October 1998. The Company has the right to settle the put warrants with
cash or settle the difference between the exercise price and the fair market
value at the exercise date with stock or cash. The intent of the Company is to
settle these put warrants with stock, and therefore, no amount was classified
out of stockholders' equity in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet.
In July 1996, the Company established a three-year, $100-million unsecured
revolving credit facility with Bank of America National Trust and Savings
Association as agent on behalf of certain banks. The applicable interest rate
for usage under this agreement is a graduated scale of LIBOR, plus a spread. The
agreement contains certain financial and other covenants including limitation on
indebtedness, liens, disposition of assets, consolidations and mergers,
investments and contingent obligations, and maintenance of a specified leverage
ratio, consolidated tangible net worth, quick ratio and adjusted EBIT/fixed
charge coverage ratio. In December 1997, the Company repaid the $49.0 million it
borrowed from the revolving line of credit in September 1996.
In 1997, the Company purchased $142.3 million in capital equipment, a
significant decrease from the $195.3 million purchased in 1996. The Company
continued to purchase capital equipment for its domestic wafer fabrication
plants to improve wafer manufacturing capacity and capabilities as the Company
implements new technologies, including its 0.5, 0.35 and 0.25 micron processes.
Equipment purchased for the Company's Philippines plant and its offshore
subcontractors was used to improve backend manufacturing capacity and tool
certain packaging capabilities. Capital equipment was also purchased for the
Company's technology group in order to enhance its research and development
capabilities. Capital expenditures in 1998 are expected to be approximately
$100.0 million as the Company continues its efforts to increase its
manufacturing capabilities and capacity and to enhance its research and
development capabilities.
In 1994 and 1995, the Company entered into three operating lease agreements
with respect to its office and manufacturing facilities in San Jose and
Minnesota, respectively. In April 1996, the Company entered into an additional
lease agreement for two office facilities in San Jose. These agreements require
that the Company maintain a specific level of restricted cash or investments to
serve as collateral for these leases and maintain compliance with certain
financial covenants. The Company's restricted investment balance as of December
29, 1997 and December 30, 1996 was $60.1 million and $60.6 million,
respectively, and is recorded as Other Assets on the balance sheet.
The Company believes that existing cash, cash from operations and
borrowings under its revolving line of credit agreement, will be sufficient to
meet present and anticipated working capital requirements and other cash needs
for at least the next twelve months. In the event that ASPs continue to decline
at rates above normal industry levels and demand continues to be insufficient to
offset the effects of such declines, the Company may be required to raise
additional capital through debt or equity financing. Although additional
financing may be required, there can be no assurance that it would be available
to the Company or available at terms the Company deems satisfactory.
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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
CYPRESS SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER-SHARE AMOUNTS)
ASSETS
DECEMBER 29, DECEMBER 30,
1997 1996
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Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents................................. $151,725 $ 20,119
Short-term investments.................................... 49,836 73,667
-------- --------
Total cash, cash equivalents and short-term
investments........................................... 201,561 93,786
Accounts receivable, net of allowances for doubtful
accounts and customer returns of $3,524 in 1997 and
$3,887 in 1996......................................... 67,854 71,440
Inventories............................................... 76,925 53,107
Other current assets...................................... 51,740 63,079
-------- --------
Total current assets................................... 398,080 281,412
Property, plant and equipment, net.......................... 442,661 437,566
Other assets, including restricted investments of $60,112
and long-term marketable securities of $42,146 in 1997 and
restricted investments of $61,612 in 1996................. 115,529 75,069
-------- --------
$956,270 $794,047
======== ========
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable.......................................... $ 60,857 $ 72,309
Accrued compensation and employee benefits................ 15,967 14,374
Other accrued liabilities................................. 5,505 4,821
Line of credit............................................ -- 49,000
Deferred income on sales to distributors.................. 9,636 14,902
Income taxes payable...................................... 1,088 --
-------- --------
Total current liabilities.............................. 93,053 155,406
Convertible subordinated notes.............................. 175,000 98,241
Deferred income taxes....................................... 36,070 21,288
Other long-term liabilities, including minority interest.... 8,671 8,366
-------- --------
Total liabilities...................................... 312,794 283,301
-------- --------
Commitments and contingencies (Note 7)
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $.01 par value, 5,000,000 shares
authorized; none issued and outstanding................ -- --
Common stock, $.01 par value, 250,000,000 shares
authorized; 98,147,000 and 91,358,000 issued;
90,684,000 and 81,098,000 outstanding.................. 1,015 914
Additional paid-in capital................................ 430,682 311,184
Retained earnings......................................... 333,910 315,491
-------- --------
765,607 627,589
Less shares of common stock held in treasury, at cost;
7,463,000 shares at December 29, 1997 and 10,260,000
shares at December 30, 1996............................ (122,131) (116,843)
-------- --------
Total stockholders' equity............................. 643,476 510,746
-------- --------
$956,270 $794,047
======== ========
See accompanying notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
25
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CYPRESS SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER-SHARE AMOUNTS)
YEAR ENDED
------------------------------------------
DECEMBER 29, DECEMBER 30, JANUARY 1,
1997 1996 1996
------------ ------------ ----------
Revenues................................................ $544,356 $528,385 $596,071
-------- -------- --------
Cost of revenues........................................ 356,919 305,174 276,160
Research and development................................ 93,842 84,334 71,667
Selling, general and administrative..................... 75,282 64,301 71,273
Restructuring and other non-recurring costs
(benefits)............................................ -- (7,018) 17,800
-------- -------- --------
Total operating costs and expenses...................... 526,043 446,791 436,900
-------- -------- --------
Operating income........................................ 18,313 81,594 159,171
Interest expense........................................ (7,197) (6,895) (6,239)
Interest income and other............................... 12,916 8,806 8,452
-------- -------- --------
Income before income taxes.............................. 24,032 83,505 161,384
Provision for income taxes.............................. (5,613) (30,476) (58,907)
-------- -------- --------
Net income.............................................. $ 18,419 $ 53,029 $102,477
======== ======== ========
Net income per share:
Basic................................................. $ 0.21 $ 0.66 $ 1.25
======== ======== ========
Diluted............................................... $ 0.21 $ 0.62 $ 1.09
======== ======== ========
Weighted average common and common equivalent shares
outstanding:
Basic................................................. 87,888 80,241 81,748
Diluted............................................... 94,648 91,604 97,309
See accompanying notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
26
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CYPRESS SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(IN THOUSANDS)
COMMON STOCK ADDITIONAL TOTAL
--------------- PAID-IN RETAINED TREASURY STOCKHOLDERS'
SHARES AMOUNT CAPITAL EARNINGS STOCK EQUITY
------ ------ ---------- -------- --------- -------------
Balances at January 2, 1995......... 77,821 $ 826 $238,272 $159,985 $ (46,084) $352,999
Issuance of common stock under
employee stock plans and other.... 6,330 63 31,460 31,523
Tax benefit resulting from stock
option transactions............... 22,981 22,981
Repurchase of common stock under
share repurchase program.......... (2,650) (37,881) (37,881)
Net income for the year............. 102,477 102,477
------ ------ -------- -------- --------- --------
Balances at January 1, 1996......... 81,501 889 292,713 262,462 (83,965) 472,099
Issuance of common stock under
employee stock plans and other.... 2,434 25 14,577 14,602
Tax benefit resulting from stock
option transactions............... 3,894 3,894
Repurchase of common stock under
share repurchase program.......... (2,837) (32,878) (32,878)
Net income for the year............. 53,029 53,029
------ ------ -------- -------- --------- --------
Balances at December 30, 1996....... 81,098 914 311,184 315,491 (116,843) 510,746
Issuance of common stock under
employee stock plans and other.... 3,313 33 29,503 29,536
Tax benefit resulting from stock
option transactions............... 6,959 6,959
Issuance of common stock from the
conversion of the convertible
debt.............................. 6,789 68 83,036 83,104
Repurchase of common stock under
share repurchase program.......... (516) (5,288) (5,288)
Net income for the year............. 18,419 18,419
------ ------ -------- -------- --------- --------
Balances at December 29, 1997....... 90,684 $1,015 $430,682 $333,910 $(122,131) $643,476
====== ====== ======== ======== ========= ========
See accompanying notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
27
29
CYPRESS SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(IN THOUSANDS)
YEAR ENDED
------------------------------------------
DECEMBER 29, DECEMBER 30, JANUARY 1,
1997 1996 1996
------------ ------------ ----------
Cash flow from operating activities:
Net income........................................... $ 18,419 $ 53,029 $ 102,477
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash
provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization..................... 111,361 97,606 64,733
Non-cash interest and amortization of debt
issuance costs.................................. 3,978 2,774 2,639
Restructuring and other non-recurring costs
(benefits)...................................... -- (12,943) 17,800
Deferred income taxes............................. 14,782 6,216 (8,464)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Receivables..................................... 9,035 36,811 (46,733)
Inventories..................................... (23,818) (24,129) (606)
Other assets.................................... (50,385) (7,130) (20,407)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities........ (11,946) (28,604) 32,644
Deferred income................................. (5,266) 1,712 3,502
Income taxes payable and deferred income
taxes........................................ 15,870 (13,117) 42,738
--------- --------- ---------
Net cash flow generated from operating activities...... 82,030 112,225 190,323
--------- --------- ---------
Cash flow from investing activities:
Decrease in short-term investments................... 23,831 78,464 7,836
Acquisition of property, plant, and equipment........ (142,305) (195,280) (194,878)
Sale of equipment.................................... 28,183 -- --
--------- --------- ---------
Net cash flow used for investing activities............ (90,291) (116,816) (187,042)
--------- --------- ---------
Cash flow from financing activities:
Borrowing from (repayment of) line of credit......... (49,000) 49,000 --
Issuance of convertible subordinated notes, net of
issuance costs.................................... 170,187 -- --
Redemption of convertible debt....................... (14,331) -- --
Restricted investments related to building lease
agreements........................................ -- (22,355) (20,744)
Repurchase of common stock........................... (5,288) (32,878) (37,881)
Issuance of capital stock............................ 36,495 18,496 31,523
Other long-term liabilities, including minority
interest.......................................... 1,804 2,960 --
--------- --------- ---------
Net cash flow generated (used) for financing
activities........................................... 139,867 15,223 (27,102)
--------- --------- ---------
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents... 131,606 10,632 (23,821)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year........... 20,119 9,487 33,308
--------- --------- ---------
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year................. $ 151,725 $ 20,119 $ 9,487
========= ========= =========
Supplemental disclosures:
Cash paid during the year for:
Interest.......................................... $ 4,585 $ 4,982 $ 4,014
Income taxes...................................... $ 1,550 $ 45,271 $ 30,744
See accompanying notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
28
30
CYPRESS SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 1: THE COMPANY AND ITS SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The Company
Cypress Semiconductor Corporation (the "Company" or "Cypress") was
incorporated in California in December 1982, commenced business activities on
April 7, 1983, and reincorporated in Delaware in February 1987. The Company
designs, develops, and manufactures a broad range of high-performance integrated
circuits. The Company sells to the networking, military, computer,
telecommunications, and instrumentation application markets.
The Company's operations outside the U.S. expanded in 1996 with the
addition of its new test and assembly plant in the Philippines. The Company's
other foreign operations include several sales offices and design centers
located in various parts of the world. Export revenues to international
customers were 36%, 27%, and 34% of total revenues in 1997, 1996, and 1995,
respectively. As of December 29, 1997, all of the Company's subsidiaries are
wholly owned, except for Cypress Semiconductor (Texas), Inc. ("CTI"), the
Company's wafer fabrication facility in Texas, which is approximately 17% owned
by Altera Corporation ("Altera"). Altera receives a fixed amount of wafer fab
capacity for its investment.
No one end user accounted for greater than 10% of revenues in 1997, 1996,
or 1995. Sales to one distributor accounted for 10% of total revenues in 1997.
No one distributor accounted for greater than 10% of revenues in 1996 or 1995.
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies
Fiscal Year-Fiscal years 1997, 1996, and 1995 ended December 29, 1997,
December 30, 1996, and January 1, 1996, respectively. The Company operates on a
52- or 53-week fiscal year, ending on the Monday closest to December 31. Fiscal
years 1997, 1996 and 1995 each comprised 52 weeks. Certain prior year amounts
have been adjusted to conform to current year presentation.
MANAGEMENT ESTIMATES -- The preparation of financial statements in
conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to
make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of
the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses
during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION -- The consolidated financial statements
include the accounts of Company and its subsidiaries. All significant
intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
INVESTMENTS -- Investments where the Company has an equity position of
greater than 20% are accounted for using the equity method.
REVENUE RECOGNITION -- Revenue from product sales direct to customers is
recognized upon shipment. Certain of the Company's sales to domestic
distributors are made under agreements allowing certain rights of return and
price protection on merchandise unsold by the domestic distributors.
Accordingly, the Company defers recognition of sales and profit on such sales
until the merchandise is sold by domestic distributors. The Company sells to
certain European distributors on certain select parts, under agreements having
price protection. Revenue from sales to European distributors is recognized upon
shipment. The Company reserves all anticipated price adjustments stemming from
its European distributors.The Company also has inventory at certain customers on
a consignment basis. Revenue is not recorded until the time the title transfers
per the consignment agreement.
FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS -- For certain of the Company's
financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, short-term
investments, restricted investments, trade accounts
29
31
CYPRESS SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
receivable, accounts payable, and accrued expenses, the carrying amounts
approximate fair value. The amounts shown for long-term marketable securities
and long-term debt also approximate fair value.
CASH EQUIVALENTS AND SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS -- All highly liquid
investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less are
considered to be cash equivalents. The Company classifies all investments as
available for sale, based upon the Company's intention to use these investments
to fund working capital requirements. The investments, which all have
contractual maturities of less than one year, are carried at cost plus accrued
interest, which approximated market for the entire fiscal year. Cash and cash
equivalents and short-term investments included the following debt and equity
securities at December 29, 1997 and December 30, 1996:
DECEMBER 29, DECEMBER 30,
1997 1996
------------ ------------
(IN THOUSANDS)
Corporate debt securities.......................... $ 75,634 $ 2,000
State and municipal obligations.................... 78,084 50,171
Other.............................................. 47,843 41,615
-------- -------
Total.................................... $201,561 $93,786
======== =======
CONCENTRATION OF CREDIT RISK -- Financial instruments that potentially
subject the Company to significant concentration of credit risk consist
principally of cash equivalents, short-term and long-term investments, long-term
restricted cash, and trade accounts receivable. The Company places its cash
equivalents, short-term and long-term investments and long-term restricted cash
in a variety of financial instruments such as, corporate bonds, municipal
securities and U.S. Government securities. The Company further limits its
exposure to these investments by placing such investments with various issuers
and financial institutions.
The Company sells its product to original equipment manufacturers and
distributors throughout the world. The Company performs ongoing credit
evaluations of its customers' financial condition and, generally, requires no
collateral from its customers. The Company maintains an allowance for
uncollectible accounts receivable based upon expected collectibility of all
accounts receivable.
INVENTORIES -- Inventories are valued at standard costs that approximate
actual costs, but not in excess of market. Cost is determined on a first-in,
first-out basis. Market is based on estimated net realizable value. The
components of inventories are as follows:
DECEMBER 29, DECEMBER 30,
1997 1996
------------ ------------
(IN THOUSANDS)
Raw materials...................................... $17,900 $12,214
Work-in-process.................................... 35,281 27,765
Finished goods..................................... 23,744 13,128
------- -------
Total.................................... $76,925 $53,107
======= =======
30
32
CYPRESS SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
PROPERTY, PLANT, AND EQUIPMENT -- Property, plant, and equipment are stated
at cost. Depreciation and amortization are computed for financial reporting
purposes using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the
assets, or lease term if less than useful life. Accelerated methods of computing
depreciation are used for tax purposes. The components of property, plant, and
equipment are as follows:
USEFUL
LIVES DECEMBER 29, DECEMBER 30,
IN YEARS 1997 1996
--------- ------------ ------------
(IN THOUSANDS)
Land................................... $ 12,922 $ 12,546
Equipment.............................. 3 to 5 726,363 641,612
Buildings and leasehold improvements... 7 to 10 69,340 70,673
Furniture and fixtures................. 5 6,543 7,568
--------- ---------
815,168 732,399
Accumulated depreciation and
amortization......................... (372,507) (294,833)
--------- ---------
Total........................ $ 442,661 $ 437,566
========= =========
LONG-LIVED ASSETS -- Long-lived assets held and used by the Company are
reviewed for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the
carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. In addition, all long-lived
assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of carrying amount or fair
market value, less selling costs.
INCOME TAXES -- The Company follows the liability method of accounting for
income taxes which requires recognition of deferred tax liabilities and assets
for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the
financial statement carrying amounts and the tax bases of assets and
liabilities.
EARNINGS PER SHARE -- The Company adopted Statement of Accounting Standard
No. 128 ("FAS 128), Earnings Per Share ("EPS"), which was issued in February
1997. FAS 128 requires presentation of both basic and diluted EPS on the income
statement. For all periods presented, basic EPS is computed by dividing net
income available to common stockholders (numerator) by the weighted average
number of common shares outstanding (denominator) during the period. In
computing diluted EPS, the average stock price for the period is used in
determining the number of shares assumed to be purchased from the exercise of
stock options. Diluted EPS is computed using the weighted average number of
common and potential common stock equivalent shares outstanding during the
period.
TRANSLATION OF FOREIGN CURRENCIES -- The Company uses the U.S. dollar as
its functional currency for all foreign subsidiaries. Sales to customers are
primarily denominated in U.S. dollars, and foreign currency translation gains
and losses have not been material in any year.
ACCOUNTING FOR STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION -- The Company accounts for stock-
based compensation using the intrinsic value method prescribed in Accounting
Principles Board Opinion No. 25, "Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees," and
related interpretations. The Company's policy is to grant options with an
exercise price equal to the quoted market price of the Company's stock on the
grant date. Accordingly, no compensation cost has been recognized in the
Company's statements of operations. The Company provides additional pro forma
disclosures as required under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No.
123 ("SFAS 123"), "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation." See Note 5.
RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS -- In June 1997, the Financial Accounting
Standards Board issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 130 ("FAS
130"), "Reporting Comprehensive Income". FAS 130 establishes standards for the
reporting of comprehensive income and its components in a full set of
general-purpose financial statements for periods beginning after December 15,
1997. Comprehensive income as defined includes all changes in equity (net
assets) during the period from
31
33
CYPRESS SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
non-owner sources. Reclassification of financial statements for earlier periods
for comparative purposes is required. The Company will adopt FAS 130 in its 1998
annual report.
In June 1997, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Statement of
Financial Accounting Standards No. 131 ("FAS 131"), "Disclosure About Segments
of An Enterprise and Related Information". FAS 131 revises information regarding
the reporting of certain operating segments for periods beginning after December
15, 1997. It also establishes standards for related disclosures about products
and services, geographic areas and major customers. The Company will adopt FAS
131 in its 1998 annual report.
NOTE 2: RESTRUCTURING AND OTHER NON-RECURRING COSTS
In the third quarter of 1996, the Company recorded a pre-tax restructuring
and other non-recurring benefit of $7.0 million. A majority of the benefit was
derived from the reversal of the $17.8 million reserve established in 1995
related to the Texas Instruments ("TI") patent infringement lawsuit. In July
1996, the Federal Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed the earlier decision of the
trial court that the Company did not infringe on either of the patents in the
suit. In September 1996, the Court decided that it would not hear any appeal
filed by the plaintiff regarding this matter and as a result of this ruling, the
Company reversed the $17.8 million reserve it established in 1995. In December
1996, TI filed a petition of certiorari in the United States Supreme Court. In
June 1997, the United States Supreme Court denied TI's petition of certiorari.
Accordingly, adjudication of the case is now final. During the third quarter of
1996, the Company also announced a restructuring of its San Jose wafer
fabrication facility, from a production wafer fabrication plant to predominantly
a research and development wafer fabrication facility. As a result of this
restructuring, the Company recorded a pre-tax charge of $9.1 million, $5.9
million relating to the write-down of certain excess equipment and the transfer
of certain other equipment to its Texas and Minnesota production wafer
fabrication facilities, and $3.2 million relating to severance and other cash
related restructuring charges. In September 1996, the Company also recorded a
one-time, pre-tax credit of $3.3 million related to the insurance reimbursement
of defense costs incurred in conjunction with the securities class-action
lawsuit. This credit was approximately offset by other non-recurring charges
related to agreements with certain companies regarding cross-licensing and other
matters. In 1997, substantially all the reserve was used for the purpose for
which they were originally intended resulting in a remaining balance of $1.7
million at December 29, 1997. For discussion of restructuring activity
subsequent to year end, see Note 9.
NOTE 3: CONVERTIBLE SUBORDINATED NOTES
In February 1997, the Company called for redemption of all of the 3.15%
Convertible Subordinated Notes which was effective as of March 26, 1997. At the
time of conversion, approximately 85% of the holders elected to convert their
notes into the Company's common stock, increasing the amount of common stock
outstanding by 6,789,013 shares. As a result of holders electing the cash
settlement, the Company paid out $14.3 million.
In September 1997, the Company completed a $175.0 million private placement
of 5-year Convertible Subordinated Notes. The notes are due in the year 2002,
with a coupon rate of 6.0% and an initial conversion premium of 48.2%. The notes
are convertible into approximately 7,408,000 shares of common stock and are
callable by the Company three years after the date of issuance. Net proceeds
were $170.2 million, after issuance costs of $4.8 million.
32
34
CYPRESS SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
NOTE 4: EARNINGS PER SHARE
FAS 128 requires the reconciliation of the numerators and the denominators
of the basic and diluted per share computation as follows:
1997 1996 1995
---------------------------- ---------------------------- -----------------------------
PER-SHARE PER-SHARE PER-SHARE
INCOME SHARES AMOUNT INCOME SHARES AMOUNT INCOME SHARES AMOUNT
------- ------ --------- ------- ------ --------- -------- ------ ---------
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER-SHARE AMOUNTS)
Basic EPS:
Net income........................ $18,419 87,888 $0.21 $53,029 80,241 $0.66 $102,477 81,748 $1.25
===== ===== =====
Effects of Dilutive Securities:
Stock Options..................... 4,885 3,423 7,621
Convertible Debentures............ 1,130 1,875 3,700 7,940 3,614 7,940
------- ------ ------- ------ -------- ------
Diluted EPS:
Net income........................ $19,549 94,648 $0.21 $56,729 91,604 $0.62 $106,091 97,309 $1.09
======= ====== ===== ======= ====== ===== ======== ====== =====
Options to purchase 5,696,000 shares of common stock were outstanding at
December 29, 1997, but were not included in the computation of diluted EPS as
their average exercise price was higher than the average market price of the
stock. Convertible debentures outstanding at December 29, 1997 convertible to
7,408,000 shares of common stock were also excluded from diluted EPS as their
effect was anti-dilutive.
NOTE 5: COMMON STOCK OPTION AND OTHER EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
1994 Stock Option Plan
In 1994, the Company adopted the 1994 Stock Option Plan, which replaced the
Company's 1985 Incentive Stock Option Plan and the 1988 Directors' Stock Option
Plan (the "Terminated Plans") with respect to future option grants. Under the
terms of the 1994 Stock Option Plan, options may be granted to qualified
employees, consultants, officers and directors of the Company or its
majority-owned subsidiaries. Options become exercisable over a vesting period as
determined by the Board of Directors and expire over terms not exceeding ten
years from the date of grant. The option price for shares granted under the 1994
Stock Option Plan is typically equal to the fair market value of the common
stock at the date of grant. The 1994 Stock Option Plan includes shares that
remained available under the Terminated Plans and provides for an annual
increase in shares available for issuance pursuant to non-statutory stock
options equal to 4.5% of the Company's outstanding common stock at the end of
each fiscal year.
In October 1996, substantially all outstanding options with a share price
in excess of $11.00 per share were cancelled and replaced with new options
having an exercise price of $11.00 per share. A total of 7,083,312 options were
repriced. In January 1998, substantially all outstanding stock options with an
exercise price in excess of $9.75 per share were cancelled and replaced with new
options having an exercise price of $9.75 per share, the fair market value on
the date that the employees accepted the repricing. A total of 10,463,688 shares
were repriced. This repricing excluded the Board of Directors, the Chief
Executive Officer and the Executive staff of the Company.
33
35
CYPRESS SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
The following table summarizes the Company's stock option activity and
related weighted average exercised price for each category for the years ended
December 29, 1997, December 30, 1996 and January 1, 1996. The weighted average
exercise price for each category presented is also shown in the table below.
SHARES UNDER OPTION AND AVAILABLE FOR GRANT
1997 1996 1995
---------------- ---------------- ----------------
SHARES PRICE SHARES PRICE SHARES PRICE
------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
(SHARE INFORMATION IN THOUSANDS)
Options outstanding, beginning of
year............................... 21,013 $ 8.94 19,448 $ 9.81 18,972 $ 5.92
Options cancelled.................... (1,461) $11.13 (8,855) $14.71 (1,292) $16.05
Options granted...................... 5,497 $12.64 12,202 $11.23 7,504 $16.82
Options exercised.................... (2,772) $ 7.62 (1,782) $ 5.38 (5,736) $ 4.81
------ ------ ------
Options outstanding, end of year..... 22,277 $ 9.86 21,013 $ 8.94 19,448 $ 9.81
====== ====== ====== ====== ====== ======
Options exercisable at December
1997............................... 10,447 $ 7.88
====== ======
All options were granted at an exercise price equal to the market value of
the Company's stock at the date of grant. The weighted average estimated fair
value at the date of grant, as defined by SFAS 123, for options granted in 1997,
1996 and 1995 was $6.07, $3.14 and $7.49 per option, respectively. The estimated
grant date fair value disclosed by the Company is calculated using the
Black-Scholes model. The Black-Scholes model, as well as other currently
accepted option valuation models, was developed to estimate the fair value of
freely tradable, fully transferable options without vesting restrictions, which
significantly differ from the Company's stock option awards. These models also
require highly subjective assumptions, including future stock price volatility
and expected time until exercise, which greatly affect the calculated grant date
fair value.
The following weighted average assumptions are included in the estimated
grant date fair value calculations for the Company's stock option awards;
1997 1996 1995
------- ------- -------
Expected life................................... 6 years 6 years 6 years
Risk-free Interest Rate......................... 6.63% 6.04% 6.28%
Volatility...................................... .5529 .5582 .5559
Dividend Yield.................................. 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Significant option groups outstanding as of December 29, 1997 and the
related weighted average exercise price and contractual life information are as
follows (share information in thousands):
OPTIONS WITH OUTSTANDING EXERCISABLE REMAINING
EXERCISE -------------------- -------------------- LIFE
PRICES RANGE FROM SHARES PRICE SHARES PRICE (YEARS)
- ----------------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ---------
$ 1.00 - $ 6.75 4,472 $ 4.87 4,416 $ 4.85 4.23
$ 6.76 - $10.75 4,695 $ 9.10 2,725 $ 8.61 7.13
$10.76 - $11.00 7,243 $11.00 2,973 $11.00 8.04
$11.01 - $11.56 3,287 $11.56 84 $11.55 9.78
$11.57 - $17.56 2,580 $14.56 250 $14.98 9.14
EMPLOYEE QUALIFIED STOCK PURCHASE PLAN
In 1986, the Company approved an Employee Qualified Stock Purchase Plan
("ESPP"), which allows eligible employees of the Company and its subsidiaries to
purchase shares of common stock through payroll deductions. The ESPP consists of
consecutive 24-month offering periods composed of four 6-month exercise periods.
The shares can be purchased at the lower of 85% of the fair market value of the
common stock at the
34
36
CYPRESS SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
date of commencement of this two-year offering period or at the last day of each
6-month exercise period. Purchases are limited to 10% of an employee's eligible
compensation, subject to a maximum annual employee contribution limited to a
$25,000 market value (calculated as employee's the enrollment price multiplied
by purchased shares). Of the 7,600,000 shares authorized under the ESPP,
6,430,146 shares were issued through 1997 including, 541,055, 652,157 and
582,432, shares in 1997, 1996, and 1995, respectively.
Compensation costs (included in pro forma net income and net income per
share amounts) for the grant date fair value, as defined by SFAS 123, of the
purchase rights granted under the ESPP were calculated using the Black-Scholes
model. The following weighted average assumptions are included in the estimated
grant date fair value calculations for rights to purchase stock under the ESPP:
1997 1996 1995
-------- -------- --------
Expected life............................. 6 months 6 months 6 months
Risk-free Interest Rate................... 5.80% 5.98% 5.45%
Volatility................................ .5861 .5882 .5275
Dividend Yield............................ 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
The weighted average estimated grant date fair value, as defined by SFAS
123, or rights to purchase stock under the ESPP granted in 1997, 1996 and 1995
were $5.49, $5.37 and $10.15 per share, respectively.
PRO FORMA NET INCOME (LOSS) AND NET INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE
Had the Company recorded compensation costs based on the estimated grant
date fair value, as defined by SFAS 123, for awards granted under its 1994 Stock
Option Plan and its Employee Stock Purchase Plan, the Company's pro forma net
income (loss) and earnings per share for the years ended December 29, 1997,
December 30, 1996 and January 1, 1996 would have been as follows:
1997 1996 1995
---------- ---------- ----------
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER-SHARE AMOUNTS)
Pro forma net income (loss):
Basic..................................... $(6,431) $32,490 $92,814
Diluted................................... $(6,431) $36,190 $96,427
Pro forma net income (loss) per share:
Basic..................................... $ (0.07) $ 0.40 $ 1.14
Diluted................................... $ (0.07) $ 0.40 $ 1.01
The pro forma effect on net income (loss) and net income (loss) per share
for 1997, 1996 and 1995 is not representative of the pro forma effect on net
income in the future years because it does not take into consideration pro forma
compensation expense related to grants prior to 1995.
TREASURY STOCK
In October 1997, the Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to
2.0 million shares of the Company's common stock. In December 1997, the Board of
Directors approved the repurchase of an additional 2.0 million shares. As of
December 29, 1997, the Company repurchased 515,800 shares of its common stock
for $5.3 million. The shares purchased are expected to be issued in conjunction
with the Company's 1994 Stock Option Plan and ESPP.
In conjunction with the authorized stock repurchase program, the Company
sold put warrants through private placements for which the Company received $2.8
million which has been recorded as additional paid in capital. The Company has a
maximum potential obligation to purchase 3.0 million shares of its common stock
at an aggregate price of $32.4 million as of December 29, 1997. The puts have
various expiration periods from January 1998 through October 1998. The Company
has the right to settle the put warrants with cash or settle
35
37
CYPRESS SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
the difference between the exercise price and the fair market value at the
exercise date with stock or cash. The intent of the Company is to settle these
put warrants with stock, and therefore, no amount was classified out of
stockholders' equity in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet.
In November 1995, the Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of $50.0
million of the Company's common stock. In the first quarter of 1996, the Board
approved to increase the amount authorized to approximately $70.0 million. The
Company completed the stock purchase program by purchasing 2.8 million shares
for $32.9 million in 1996 and 2.7 million shares for $37.9 million in 1995. The
shares purchased are being used in conjunction with the Company's 1994 Stock
Option Plan and ESPP.
OTHER EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
The Company also maintains a Section 401(k) Plan, New Product Bonus Plan,
and Key Employee Bonus Plan. The 401(k) Plan provides participating employees
with an opportunity to accumulate funds for retirement and hardship. Eligible
participants may contribute up to 20% of their eligible earnings to the Plan
Trust.
Under the New Product Bonus Plan effective for 1997, all qualified
employees are provided bonus payments, which are based on the Company attaining
certain levels of new product revenue, plus attaining certain levels of
profitability. In 1997, $475,000 was charged to operations in connection with
the New Product Bonus Plan. In 1996 and 1995, under the Profit Sharing Plan, all
qualified employees were provided an equal share of bonus payments which were
based on the Company achieving a targeted level of earnings per share. In 1995,
$7,575,000 was charged to operations in connection with the Profit Sharing Plan.
There were no charges to operations in connection with the Profit Sharing Plan
in 1996.
In 1994, a Key Employee Bonus Plan was established, which provides for
bonus payments to selected employees upon achievement of certain Company and
individual performance targets. In 1995, $4,937,000 was charged to operations in
connection with this Plan. In 1997 and 1996, there were no charges to operations
in connection with this Plan.
NOTE 6: INCOME TAXES
The components of the provision for income taxes are summarized below.
Income before taxes is principally attributed to domestic operations.
YEAR ENDED
------------------------------------------
DECEMBER 29, DECEMBER 30, JANUARY 1,
COMPONENTS OF THE PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES 1997 1996 1996
- -------------------------------------------- ------------ ------------ ----------
(IN THOUSANDS)
Income before provision for taxes......... $ 24,032 $83,505 $161,384
Current tax expense:
U.S. Federal............................ (10,483) 21,481 60,163
State and local......................... 1,418 1,706 6,988
Foreign................................. 500 1,073 220
-------- ------- --------
Total current................... (8,565) 24,260 67,371
Deferred tax expense (benefit):
U.S. Federal............................ 16,033 5,559 (7,849)
State and local......................... (1,855) 657 (615)
Total deferred............................ 14,178 6,216 (8,464)
-------- ------- --------
Total........................... $ 5,613 $30,476 $ 58,907
======== ======= ========
36
38
CYPRESS SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
The tax provision differs from the amounts obtained by applying the
statutory U.S. Federal Income Tax Rate to income before taxes as shown below.
YEAR ENDED
------------------------------------------
DECEMBER 29, DECEMBER 30, JANUARY 1,
TAX PROVISION DIFFERENCE 1997 1996 1996
------------------------ ------------ ------------ ----------
(IN THOUSANDS)
Statutory rate.......................... 35% 35% 35%
------- ------- -------
Tax at U.S. statutory rate.............. $ 8,411 $29,227 $56,487
Foreign Earnings........................ (1,151) -- --
State income taxes, net of federal
benefit............................... 922 1,536 4,142
Tax credits............................. (2,274) -- (1,013)
Net Foreign Sales Corporation (FSC)
benefit............................... (78) (1,548) (479)
Benefit of tax free investments......... (482) (998) (2,259)
Other, net.............................. 265 2,259 2,029
------- ------- -------
Total......................... $ 5,613 $30,476 $58,907
======= ======= =======
The components of the net deferred tax assets at December 29, 1997 and
December 30, 1996, under SFAS 109 were as follows:
DECEMBER 29, DECEMBER 30,
1997 1996
------------ ------------
(IN THOUSANDS)
Deferred tax assets:
Deferred income on sales to distributors........... $ 9,773 $ 9,667
Inventory reserves and basis differences........... 12,596 13,794
Restructuring and legal reserves................... 9 1,167
Asset valuation and other reserves................. 12,670 13,511
State tax, net of federal tax...................... 421 522
R & D tax credits.................................. 4,177 --
Other, net......................................... 1,122 1,472
-------- --------
Total deferred tax assets................ 40,768 40,133
-------- --------
Deferred tax liabilities:
Excess of tax over book depreciation............... (40,355) (25,568)
Other, net......................................... (1,210) (1,184)
Total deferred tax liabilities........... (41,565) (26,752)
-------- --------
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities).............. $ (797) $ 13,381
======== ========
Other current assets include current deferred tax assets of $35,573,000 at
December 29, 1997, and $34,900,000 at December 30, 1996, respectively.
The tax benefits associated with disqualifying dispositions of stock
options or employee stock purchase plan shares reduced taxes currently payable
by $7.0 million in 1997.
NOTE 7: COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Operating Lease Commitments
The Company leases most of its manufacturing and office facilities under
non-cancelable operating lease agreements that expire at various dates through
2004. These leases require the Company to pay taxes,
37
39
CYPRESS SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
insurance, and maintenance expenses, and provide for renewal options at the then
fair market rental value of the property.
In April 1997, the Company sold capital equipment located in its Minnesota
wafer fabrication facility to Fleet Capital Leasing ("Fleet") in a
sale-leaseback agreement. In October 1997, the Company entered into a similar
agreement with Comdisco, Inc. ("Comdisco") for other capital equipment located
in Minnesota. The Company received a total of $28.2 million from Fleet and
Comdisco in exchange for the capital equipment and as a result of the
transactions, recorded an immaterial gain that will be amortized over the life
of the leases.
In 1994 and 1995, the Company entered into three operating lease agreements
with respect to its office and manufacturing facilities in San Jose and
Minnesota, respectively. In April 1996, the Company entered into an additional
lease agreement related to two office facilities in San Jose. These agreements
require quarterly payments that vary based on the London interbank offering rate
("LIBOR"), plus a spread. All leases provide the Company with the option of
either acquiring the property at its original cost or arranging for the property
to be acquired at the end of the respective lease terms. The Company is
contingently liable under certain first-loss clauses for up to $52.9 million at
December 29, 1997. Based on management's estimate of the fair value of the
properties, no liability was recorded at December 29, 1997. Furthermore, the
Company is required to maintain a specific level of restricted cash or
investments to serve as collateral for these leases and maintain compliance with
certain financial covenants. As of December 29, 1997, the amount of restricted
cash or investments recorded was $60.1 million, which is in compliance with
these agreements. These restricted cash or investments are classified as
non-current assets on the balance sheet.
The aggregate annual rental commitments under non-cancelable operating
leases as of December 29, 1997, are:
FISCAL YEAR
----------- (IN THOUSANDS)
1998............................. $16,251
1999............................. 14,734
2000............................. 8,274
2001............................. 4,165
2002............................. 3,232
2003 and thereafter.............. 7,420
-------
Total....................... $54,076
=======
Rental expense was approximately $13,936,000 in 1997, $7,708,000 in 1996,
and $5,995,000 in 1995.
Line of Credit
In July 1996, the Company established a three-year, $100-million unsecured
revolving credit facility with Bank of America National Trust and Savings
Association as agent on behalf of certain banks. The applicable interest rate
for usage under this agreement is a graduated scale of LIBOR, plus a spread. The
agreement contains certain financial and other covenants including limitation on
indebtedness, liens, disposition of assets, consolidations and mergers,
investments and contingent obligations, and maintenance of a certain leverage
ratio, consolidated tangible net worth, quick ratio and adjusted EBIT/fixed
charge coverage ratio. In September 1996, the Company borrowed $49.0 million
against the line of credit that remained outstanding until November 1997. At
December 29, 1997 there were no borrowings against the line of credit. Any
balance borrowed will be due three years from the date of the agreement.
38
40
CYPRESS SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
Litigation And Asserted Claims
The semiconductor industry has experienced a substantial amount of
litigation regarding patent and other intellectual property rights. The Company
is currently and may in the future be involved in litigation with respect to
alleged infringement by the Company of another party's patents, or may in the
future be involved in litigation to enforce its patents or other intellectual
property rights, to protect its trade secrets and know-how, to determine the
validity or scope of the proprietary rights of others, or to defend against
claims of infringement or invalidity. Such litigation has in the past and could
in the future result in substantial costs and diversion of management resources
and payment of substantial damages and/or royalties or prohibitions against
utilization of essential technologies, and could have a material adverse effect
on the Company's business, financial condition and results of operations. From
time to time the Company has received, and may receive in the future,
communications alleging that its products or its processes may infringe on
product or process technology rights held by others.
In June 1997, the Company commenced a declaratory judgement action in the
United States District Court for the District of Nevada against the Li Second
Family Trust (the "Trust") asking for declaratory relief to the effect that a
U.S. patent relating to a portion of the process for manufacturing
semiconductors is unenforceable, invalid and not infringed by the Company. The
Trust has counterclaimed for patent infringement on the same patent alleging
such patent covers oxide-isolated integrated circuits. In correspondence,
attorneys for the Trust have argued that such patent "is applicable to NMOS,
CMOS, Bipolar, BiCMOS and other technologies". In December 1997, in a related
case, the Federal Court for the Eastern District of Virginia preliminarily ruled
that Dr. Li's patent is unenforceable due to unequitable conduct by Dr. Li and
his attorneys in obtaining the patent. Dr. Li has the right to file an appeal,
although no such appeal as been filed as of March 17, 1998. The Company believes
it has meritorious defenses to the counterclaim and intends to defend itself
vigorously. However, should the outcome of this action be unfavorable, the
Company's business, financial condition and results of operations could be
materially and adversely affected.
In May 1995, in a case before the U.S. District Court in Dallas, Texas, a
jury delivered a verdict of $17.8 million against the Company in a patent
infringement lawsuit filed by Texas Instruments ("TI"). In August 1995, the
judge reversed the decision, stating TI failed to prove that the Company
infringed on TI's patents covering the plastic encapsulation process used to
package semiconductor devices. In July 1996, the Federal Circuit Court of
Appeals affirmed the decision of the trial court that the Company did not
infringe on either of the patents in the suit. In September 1996, the Court
denied TI's motion for reconsideration, and as a result of that ruling, the
Company reversed the $17.8 million reserve recorded in March 1995 with respect
to this lawsuit. In December 1996, TI filed a petition of certiorari with the
United States Supreme Court. In June 1997, the United States Supreme Court
denied TI's petition of Certiorari. Accordingly, adjudication of the case is now
final.In January 1998, the Company was contacted by the attorneys representing
the estate of Mr. Jerome Lemelson charging that the Company infringed on certain
patents registered by Mr. Lemelson. The attorneys for the estate have not filed
suit, but have urged the Company to enter into a licensing agreement with the
estate in order to avoid litigation. The Company is in the process of reviewing
the charges to determine the validity of the suit. Should the estate file suit,
the Company will vigorously defend itself in this matter and based upon the
inherent uncertainties of litigation, should the outcome of this action be
unfavorable, the Company may be required to pay damages and other expenses,
which could have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial position
and results of operations.
Purchase Commitments
At December 29, 1997, the Company had purchase commitments aggregating
$71.4 million, principally for manufacturing equipment and facilities. These
commitments were made for purchases in 1998.
39
41
CYPRESS SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
NOTE 8: RELATED PARTIES
During 1990, the Company made a cost-basis investment of $1.0 million in
Vitesse Semiconductor ("Vitesse") stock. In February 1997, the Company sold its
remaining investment and recorded a gain of $3.8 million in other income. The
Company's chairman, a board member, and its president are members of the Vitesse
Board of Directors.
Between 1992 and 1995, the Company made cost-basis investments in
QuickLogic Corporation ("QuickLogic") Series D and E preferred stock. In June
1996, the Company received $4.5 million from Quicklogic, the original intent of
which was to obtain a minority interest in CTI and to secure guaranteed fab
capacity. The Company classified the $4.5 million as other long-term liabilities
in 1996 awaiting final negotiation of the terms and transaction approval from
Altera, an existing minority interest shareholder. In March 1997, the Company
signed a definitive agreement with QuickLogic Corporation involving termination
of an existing joint development, licensing and foundry agreement for antifuse
Field Programmable Gate Array ("FPGA") products and the execution of a new
foundry agreement. Under the new agreement, the Company ceased development,
marketing and selling of antifuse-based FPGA products. In return, QuickLogic
paid $4.5 million, which represented $3.5 million of NRE revenue related to the
sale of technology rights and $1.0 million of compensation for inventory and
other assets, increased the Company's equity position in the privately-held
QuickLogic to greater than 20%. The $4.5 million cash consideration represented
the payment the Company received in June 1996. The Company also entered into a
five-year wafer-supply agreement to provide FPGA products to QuickLogic.
Revenues and net income contributed by the FPGA product line during 1997, 1996
and 1995 were not significant. The Company is using the equity method of
accounting to record its investment in QuickLogic. The Company's share of
QuickLogic's loss recorded in 1997 was not significant.
The Company recorded sales to QuickLogic of $11.7 million, $8.2 million,
and $5.8 million in 1997, 1996, and 1995, respectively, and at fiscal years-end
1997, 1996, and 1995, the Company had a receivable due from QuickLogic of $1.5
million, $1.4 million, and $0.7 million, respectively. Under certain
circumstances, the Company may make additional investments in QuickLogic. The
Company's chairman's venture capital firm is an investor in QuickLogic and is
represented on the Board of Directors.
NOTE 9: SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
On March 9, 1998, the Company announced a restructuring plan for which it
will incur charges in the quarter ended March 30, 1998, for the write-down and
write-off of manufacturing facilities, equipment and improvements; operating
costs attributable to the closure and consolidation of manufacturing facilities;
consolidation of test facilities; write-down of non-usable assembly inventory in
the Thai test facility; the severance of manufacturing and other personnel and
other costs.
The Company plans to shut down its six-inch, 0.6 micron wafer fabrication
plant, Fab III, in Bloomington, Minnesota and move all production to its
eight-inch, 0.35 micron fab, Fab IV, also in Minnesota. The adjustments from
this decision relate primarily to the carrying value of manufacturing assets. As
a result of developments in the semiconductor industry, such as decreasing
average selling prices, particularly in its largest product line, Memory
Products, the Company has accelerated the use of more advanced manufacturing
processes to produce its products. The use of these more advanced processes
indicated that the carrying value of these selected older assets may not be
recoverable. The fair value of such manufacturing assets was based primarily
upon third party estimates of fair value. The impairment charge relates to those
assets that cannot be upgraded to eight-inch capability for use in Fab IV.
Fab II, located in Round Rock, Texas has been used in the manufacture of
wafers for the Datacommunication, Programmable Logic and Computer Products
divisions. A decision has been made to discontinue
40
42
CYPRESS SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
producing SRAMs in Texas. Costs associated with this decision include severance
payments for approximately 100 employees, a write-down in the valuation of
equipment which cannot be used elsewhere and related costs.
The Company uses a third party subcontractor, located in Thailand, for a
portion of its test manufacturing. The Company plans to consolidate the Thai
test manufacturing operation into its subsidiary operation located in the
Philippines. Costs associated with this include severance payments, write-off of
non-usable assembly inventory and the write-down of equipment that the Company
will not be able to use in its Manila plant.
The decision to centralize most of the wafer production in an eight-inch
fab caused the Company to make a decision to upgrade its R&D wafer fab, Fab I,
located in San Jose, California, from six-inch to eight-inch to ensure
compatibility. The charges associated with this move include facility
write-downs and disposal of certain six-inch manufacturing equipment.
Costs associated with all the above decisions amount to approximately $63.0
million.
Separately, the Company will record charges of approximately $22.0 million
relating to the write-off of certain equity investments and additional inventory
reserves relating to the ongoing industry over-supply and continued inventory
corrections by end user customers.
The Company sold additional put warrants through private placements through
February 26, 1998. As of March 17, 1998, the Company has a maximum potential
obligation to purchase 4.5 million shares of its common stock at an aggregate
price of $44.9 million.
41
43
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS
To the Stockholders and Board of Directors
CYPRESS SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION:
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements listed in the index
appearing under Item 14(a)(1) and (2) on page 44 present fairly, in all material
respects, the financial position of Cypress Semiconductor Corporation and its
subsidiaries at December 29, 1997 and December 30, 1996, and the results of its
operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended
December 29, 1997, in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles.
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management;
our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based
on our audits. We conducted our audits of these statements in accordance with
generally accepted auditing standards which require that we plan and perform the
audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are
free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis,
evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements,
assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by
management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We
believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for the opinion expressed
above.
PRICE WATERHOUSE LLP
San Jose, California
January 20, 1998, except as to Note 9,
which is as of March 6, 1998
42
44
QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA (UNAUDITED)
THREE MONTHS ENDED
------------------------------------------------------
DECEMBER 29, SEPTEMBER 29, JUNE 30, MARCH 31,
1997 1997 1997 1997
------------ ------------- -------- ---------
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
Revenues.................................... $134,134 $146,081 $138,142 $125,999
Gross profit................................ 39,596 52,736 51,455 43,650
Net income.................................. 108 7,210 6,140 4,960
Net income per share
Basic..................................... $ 0.00 $ 0.08 $ 0.07 $ 0.06
======== ======== ======== ========
Diluted................................... $ 0.00 $ 0.08 $ 0.07 $ 0.06
======== ======== ======== ========
THREE MONTHS ENDED
-----------------------------------------------------
DECEMBER 30, SEPTEMBER 30, JULY 1, APRIL 1,
1996 1996 1996 1996
------------ ------------- -------- --------
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
Revenues.................................... $113,103 $109,647 $135,464 $170,171
Gross profit................................ 37,880 28,572 63,449 93,310
Net income.................................. 1,304 583 16,865 34,277
Net income per share
Basic..................................... $ 0.02 $ 0.01 $ 0.21 $ 0.43
======== ======== ======== ========
Diluted................................... $ 0.02 $ 0.01 $ 0.19 $ 0.39
======== ======== ======== ========
ITEM 9.CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL
DISCLOSURE
Not Applicable.
PART III
Certain information required by Part III is omitted from this Report in
that the registrant will file a definitive proxy statement pursuant to
Regulation 14A (the "Proxy Statement") not later than 120 days after the end of
the fiscal year covered by this Report, and certain information included therein
is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT
The information required by this item concerning the Company's directors is
incorporated by reference to the information set forth in the sections entitled
"Proposal One-Election of Directors" and "Compliance with Section 16(a) of the
Exchange Act" in the Company's Proxy Statement for the 1998 Annual Meeting of
Stockholders to be filed with the Commission within 120 days after the end of
the Company's fiscal year ended December 29, 1997, except that the information
required by this item concerning the executive officers of the Company is
incorporated by reference to the information set forth in the section entitled
"Executive Officers of the Company" at the end of Part I of this Annual Report
on Form 10-K.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to the
Company's Proxy Statement.
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT
The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to the
Company's Proxy Statement.
43
45
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to the
Company's Proxy Statement.
PART IV
ITEM 14. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K.
(a) The following documents are filed as a part of this report:
PAGE
----
(1) FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 29, 1997 and
December 30, 1996........................................... 25
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three years
ended December 29, 1997..................................... 26
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the
three years ended December 29, 1997......................... 27
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three years
ended December 29, 1997..................................... 28
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.................. 29
Report of Independent Accountants........................... 42
(2) FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULE
Schedule II -- Valuation and qualifying accounts and
reserves.................................................... 47
All other schedules are omitted because they are not applicable or the
required information is shown in the financial statements or notes thereto.
44
46
(3) EXHIBITS
EXHIBIT
NUMBER DESCRIPTION
------- -----------
3.1(1) Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended.
3.2(2) Certificate of Amendment of Restated Certificate of
Incorporation, as amended.
3.3(1) Bylaws, as amended
4.1(5) Lease dated April 12, 1996 between the Company and BNP
Leasing Corporation.
4.2(5) Credit Agreement dated July 24, 1996 between the Company and
Bank of America National Trust.
4.3(5) First Amendment to Credit Agreement dated October 10, 1996
between the Company and Bank of America National Trust.
4.4(5) Second Amendment to Credit Agreement dated October 10, 1996
between the Company and Bank of America National Trust
4.5(6) Indenture dated as of September 15, 1997, between the
Company and State Street Bank and Trust Company of
California, N.A. as Trustee, including the form of note.
10.1(1)(7) Form of Indemnification Agreement.
10.2(3)(7) 1994 Stock Option Plan
10.3(4)(7) Employee Qualified Stock Purchase Plan, as amended.
10.4(7) Bialek Consulting Agreement.
10.5(7) Cypress Semiconductor Corporation 1997 Key Employee Bonus
Plan Agreement.
21.1 Subsidiaries of the Company
23.1 Consent of Independent Accountants
24.1 Power of Attorney (see page 46)
27.1 Financial Data Schedule
- ---------------
(1) Previously filed as an exhibit to Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No.
33-12153) which became effective on March 4, 1987 and incorporated herein by
reference.
(2) Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K
for the fiscal year ended December 28, 1992.
(3) Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K
for the fiscal year ended January 3, 1994.
(4) Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K
for the fiscal year ended January 2, 1995.
(5) Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K
for the fiscal year ended December 30, 1996.
(6) Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company's Registration Statement on
Form S-3 dated December 19, 1997.
(7) Management compensatory plan, contract or arrangement.
45
47
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant, Cypress Semiconductor Corporation, a
corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware, has
duly caused this Annual Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned,
thereto duly authorized, in the City of San Jose, State of California, on the
26th day of March 1998.
CYPRESS SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION
By: /s/ EMMANUEL HERNANDEZ
------------------------------------
Emmanuel Hernandez,
Chief Financial Officer, Vice
President, Finance and
Administration
POWER OF ATTORNEY
Each of the officers and directors of Cypress Semiconductor Corporation
whose signature appears below hereby constitutes and appoints T.J. Rodgers and
Emmanuel Hernandez and each of them, their true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and
agents, with full power of substitution, each with power to act alone, to sign
and execute on behalf of the undersigned any amendment or amendments to this
report on Form 10-K, and to perform any acts necessary to be done in order to
file such amendment, and each of the undersigned does hereby ratify and confirm
all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or their or his substitutes, shall
do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this
report has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the
dates indicated:
SIGNATURE TITLE DATE
--------- ----- ----
/s/ T.J. RODGERS President, Chief Executive March 26, 1998
- -------------------------------------------------------- Officer and Director
T.J. Rodgers (Principal Executive Officer)
/s/ EMMANUEL HERNANDEZ Chief Financial Officer March 26, 1998
- -------------------------------------------------------- Vice President, Finance and
Emmanuel Hernandez Administration (Principal
Financial and Accounting
Officer)
/s/ PIERRE R. LAMOND Chairman of the Board of March 26, 1998
- -------------------------------------------------------- Directors
Pierre R. Lamond
/s/ FRED B. BIALEK Director March 26, 1998
- --------------------------------------------------------
Fred B. Bialek
/s/ ERIC BENHAMOU Director March 26, 1998
- --------------------------------------------------------
Eric Benhamou
/s/ JOHN C. LEWIS Director March 26, 1998
- --------------------------------------------------------
John C. Lewis
46
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SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION
SCHEDULE II -- VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS AND RESERVES
CHARGED TO CHARGED TO
BEGINNING COSTS OTHER ENDING
DESCRIPTION BALANCE AND EXPENSES ACCOUNTS DEDUCTIONS BALANCE
----------- ---------- ------------ ---------- ---------- ----------
1995
Allowance for sales returns and
doubtful accounts.............. $1,393,000 $1,400,000 $85,000 $ (50,000) $2,828,000
1996
Allowance for sales returns and
doubtful accounts.............. $2,828,000 $1,779,000 $ -- $(720,000) $3,887,000
1997
Allowance for sales returns and
doubtful accounts.............. $3,887,000 $ -- $ -- $(363,000) $3,524,000
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