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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
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FORM 10-K
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(MARK ONE)
[X] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 [FEE REQUIRED]
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1997
OR
[ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 [NO FEE REQUIRED]
FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM
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COMMISSION FILE NUMBER 0-26946
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INTEVAC, INC.
(EXACT NAME OF REGISTRANT AS SPECIFIED IN ITS CHARTER)
CALIFORNIA
(STATE OR OTHER JURISDICTION OF 94-3125814
INCORPORATION OR ORGANIZATION) (I.R.S. EMPLOYER IDENTIFICATION NO.)
3550 BASSETT STREET
SANTA CLARA, CALIFORNIA 95054
(ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICE, INCLUDING ZIP CODE)
REGISTRANT'S TELEPHONE NUMBER, INCLUDING AREA CODE: (408) 986-9888
SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OF THE ACT: NONE
TITLE OF EACH CLASS NAME OF EXCHANGE ON WHICH REGISTERED
NONE NONE
SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(g) OF THE ACT: COMMON STOCK (NO PAR
VALUE)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports
required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such
filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X] No [ ]
Indicate by a check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to
Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained,
to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information
statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any
amendment to this Form 10-K. [ ]
The aggregate market value of voting stock held by non-affiliates of the
Registrant, as of March 2, 1998 was approximately $48,902,000 (based on the
closing price for shares of the Registrant's Common Stock as reported by the
Nasdaq National Market System for the last trading day prior to that date).
Shares of Common Stock held by each executive officer, director, and holder of
5% or more of the outstanding Common Stock have been excluded in that such
persons may be deemed to be affiliates. This determination of affiliate status
is not necessarily a conclusive determination for other purposes.
On March 2, 1998 approximately 12,243,525 shares of the Registrant's Common
Stock, no par value, were outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the Registrant's Proxy Statement for the 1998 Annual Meeting of
Shareholders are incorporated by reference into Part III. Such proxy statement
will be filed within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this
Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements which
involve risks and uncertainties. The Company's actual results may differ
materially from the results discussed in the forward-looking statement.
PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
OVERVIEW
Intevac, Inc. ("Intevac" or the "Company") is a leading supplier of static
sputtering systems and related manufacturing equipment used to manufacture
thin-film disks for computer hard disk drives. Sputtering is a complex vacuum
deposition process used to deposit multiple thin-film layers on a disk. The
Company's primary objective is to be the industry leader in supplying disk
sputtering equipment by providing disk sputtering systems which have both the
highest overall performance and the lowest cost of ownership in the industry.
The Company's principal product, the MDP-250B, helps disk manufacturers to
achieve high coercivity, high signal-to-noise ratios, minimal disk defects,
durability and uniformity, all of which are necessary in the production of high
performance, high capacity disks. Additionally, the Company's static systems
help disk manufacturers to lower production costs through high yield, high
uptime, and low acquisition, operating and facilities costs.
The majority of the Company's revenues are derived from the sale of disk
sputtering systems. In addition, to leverage its expertise in thin-film disk
production, the Company has acquired and intends to acquire or develop related
business, products and technologies that enable it to expand its current product
offerings. For example, the Company completed three acquisitions in 1996,
Cathode Technology Corporation, a developer of advanced sputter source
technology for disks; San Jose Technology, a company that manufactures disk
lubrication equipment; and Lotus Technologies, a company that manufactures
contact stop/start test equipment for hard disk drives and components.
Market demand for disk drives is growing, stimulated by demand for new and
more powerful computers, the growing use of sophisticated network servers and
the development of more memory intensive software, such as Windows NT and
multimedia applications. The growth in unit shipments of disk drives has in turn
stimulated the growth of the thin-film disk market. With the increasing demand
for reliable, rapid access storage and the intense competitiveness in the disk
drive industry, thin film disk manufacturers continually seek to produce higher
capacity thin-film disks at a lower cost per megabyte of storage. Traditionally,
thin-film disk manufacturers used in-line systems for disk sputtering. In 1982,
Varian Associates, Inc. ("Varian") formed a business unit to design a disk
sputtering system to address certain inherent limitations of the in-line
sputtering architecture. That business, acquired by the Company in 1991,
developed a single disk, multiple chamber static sputtering system, similar in
concept to the single wafer processing machines used by the semiconductor
industry. The Company's static systems differ from in-line systems in that
static sputtering provides for deposition with no relative movement between the
sputtering source and the disk being coated. This provides advantages in disk
uniformity and precise control of process parameters. The benefits of the static
approach have led a number of leading disk manufacturers to purchase the
Company's static systems. Additionally, changing requirements in thin-film
technology, such as the trend towards higher disk coercivity, lower flying
heights, reduced stiction and the use of MR heads, as well as the production of
disks in new locations has created a need for the purchase of new sputtering
systems.
The Company typically offers its static sputtering systems to both captive
and merchant thin-film disk manufacturers at list prices ranging from $2.0
million and $3.5 million depending on configuration. Since 1991, Intevac systems
have been installed for or ordered by the following customers: Fuji Electric,
Fujitsu Limited, Hitachi, HMT Technology, IBM, Komag, MaxMedia, Mitsubishi,
Nippon Sheet Glass, Seagate Technology, Sony, Stormedia, Tae Il Media, Trace
Storage Technology and Western Digital. The Company sells and markets its
products directly in the United States, and through exclusive distributors in
Japan and Korea. The Company has established subsidiaries in Singapore and
Malaysia and a branch office in Taiwan to support customers in Southeast Asia.
During 1997, the Company acquired a 49% interest in IMAT, Inc., a
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joint venture in Japan with Matsubo Company, Ltd. ("Matsubo"). IMAT, Inc. will
market the Company's flat panel display products in the Far East.
The Company believes that its expertise and technology may have
applications other than for thin-film disk manufacturing and is in the process
of expanding its product offerings to other areas, such as flat panel display
manufacturing equipment, photonics products, and electron beam processing
equipment. For example, during 1997 the Company received the first order for its
RIGEL flat panel display sputtering equipment and acquired the business of RPC
Industries, Inc., a manufacturer of electron beam equipment that is used for
curing inks, coating and adhesives, for film cross linking and for in-line
sterilization.
The Company's backlog was $73.8 million at December 31, 1997.
DISK MANUFACTURING PRODUCTS
The MDP-250B Disk Sputtering System
The Company's principal product, the MDP-250B, is fully automated, has 12
independent process stations and achieves throughput of approximately 550 disks
per hour. The Company's offers its static sputtering systems for list prices
ranging from $2.0 million to $3.5 million, depending upon configuration, to both
captive and merchant thin-film disk manufacturers.
The MDP-250 series of disk sputtering equipment was designed by the Company
to meet current requirements for the production of media and to provide the
capability to meet future requirements. The MDP-250 helps disk manufacturers to
achieve high coercivity, high signal to noise ratios, minimal disk defects,
durability and uniformity, all of which are necessary in the production of high
performance, high capacity disks. In addition, the MDP-250 has the capability to
sputter multi-layers (multiple magnetic layers with interspersed non-magnetic
layers); to sputter onto alternative substrates (such as glass and ceramic), as
well as conventional aluminum substrates; and to make media with the appropriate
characteristics for use with magneto-resistive ("MR") heads and magneto-optical
("MO") heads.
The mechanical design of the MDP-250 has characteristics which are similar
to the cluster tools which are widely used in semiconductor manufacturing in
that each process station is separately vacuum pumped and is vacuum isolated
during processing. The MDP-250 does not require a carrier or pallet to transport
disks through the system. Rather, disks are automatically loaded into the system
from cassettes, processed, and then automatically returned to the cassette.
The Company offers a number of process station options, including multiple
options for the deposition of thin films, heating stations, cooling stations and
cleaning stations. Furthermore, these process stations can be moved from any
machine process position to any other to easily accommodate process changes.
Related Disk Manufacturing and Test Equipment
The Company acquired San Jose Technology Corp. ("SJT"), a leading supplier
of systems used to lubricate thin-film disks in 1996. Lubrication is the
production step that typically follows disk sputtering in the manufacture of
thin-film disks. During lubrication, a microscopic layer of lubricant is applied
to the disk's surface to improve durability and reduce surface friction. SJT's
products allow thin-film disk manufacturers to uniformly lubricate disks in a
temperature controlled, low vibration, contamination free environment with a
minimal amount of solvent loss.
The Company also acquired Lotus Technologies, Inc. ("Lotus"), a leading
manufacturer of contact stop/start ("CSS") test equipment for hard disk drives
and components in 1996. The Lotus family of PC-based CSS test equipment performs
precise measurements of disk wear, friction, stiction and start-stop torques
related to the interface of the read-write head with the thin-film disk.
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INTEVAC TECHNOLOGY AND SKILLS
The design and fabrication of sputtering systems for thin film disk
production requires a broad range of technologies and skills, including:
- - Sputtering processes - Thermal systems design
- Design of complex electromechanical
- - Sputter source design systems
- - Thin film characterization - Material transport systems and robotics
- - Vacuum system design - Computer based control systems
The Company's scientists and engineers are knowledgeable about disk
manufacturing processes and work with the Company's customers to design hardware
and software systems to meet the customers' requirements. The Company has a
MDP-250B in its laboratories to run various process tests for customers to
determine the suitability of the machine for their production process, and also
for the Company's design engineering department to test newly designed process
capabilities. The Company believes that its process expertise, and the ability
to communicate with its customer's process scientists, gives it an important
competitive advantage.
SALES CHANNEL, CUSTOMERS AND MARKETING
The selling process for the Company's products is often a multi-level and
long-term process involving individuals from marketing, engineering, operations,
customer service and senior management. The process is lengthy and involves
making sample thin-film disks for the prospective customer and responding to
individual needs for moderate levels of machine customization. Intevac sells
static sputtering systems to both captive and merchant thin-film disk
manufacturers. Captive thin-film disk manufacturers produce disks to be used in
disk drives they manufacture, and merchant thin-film disk manufacturers produce
disks to be included in disk drives manufactured by third parties. The Company
sells and markets its disk manufacturing products directly in the United States,
and through exclusive distributors in Japan (Matsubo) and Korea (Chung Song).
The Company has established wholly-owned subsidiaries in Singapore and Malaysia
and a branch office in Taiwan to support its customers in Southeast Asia. During
1997 the Company established a joint venture in Japan with Matsubo, Intevac
Matsubo Advanced Technology (IMAT Inc.), to market its flat panel display
products in the Far East.
Historically, a significant portion of the Company's revenues in any
particular period have been attributable to sales to a limited number of
customers. For example, Matsubo, HMT Technology and Trace Storage Technology
accounted for 37%, 17% and 15%, respectively of the Company's total net revenues
in 1997, and Matsubo, Seagate and HMT Technology accounted for 32%, 32% and 13%,
respectively, of the Company's total net revenues in 1996. Seagate, HMT
Technology, and Matsubo accounted for 40%, 20% and 17%, respectively, of the
Company's total net revenues in 1995. The Company's largest customers change
from period to period as large thin-film disk fabrication facilities are
completed and new projects are initiated. The Company expects that sales of its
products to relatively few customers will continue to account for a high
percentage of its net revenues in the foreseeable future. For example, 68% of
the Company's backlog at December 31, 1997 was represented by two customers for
disk sputtering systems, with each representing 10% or more of the Company's
backlog at December 31, 1997. The larger of these two customers, Matsubo, has
orders from 5 different end users of disk sputtering systems. None of the
Company's customers has entered into a long-term agreement requiring it to
purchase the Company's products. As purchases related to a particular new or
expanded fabrication facility are completed, sales to that customer may decrease
sharply or cease altogether. If completed contracts are not replaced on a timely
basis by new orders from the same or other customers, the Company's net revenues
could be adversely affected. The loss of a significant customer, any reduction
in orders from any significant customer or the cancellation of a significant
order from a customer, including reductions or cancellations due to customer
departures from recent buying patterns, financial difficulties of a customer or
market, economic or competitive conditions in the disk drive industry, could
materially adversely affect the Company's business, financial condition and
results of operations. During the latter half of 1997 a number of manufacturers
of hard disk drives and a number of their suppliers reported substantial losses.
Many of these manufacturers attributed their problems to an excess supply of
hard drives, or, in the case of component suppliers, an excess supply of
components for hard drives (including thin film
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disks) and the rapid change of technology which caused a number of products to
become obsolete. There can be no assurance that these industry-wide problems
will not result in reduced demand for the Company's products in 1998, a
rescheduling of the Company's existing backlog or a reduction in future orders
from the levels experienced during 1997. In March of 1998, as a result of weak
orders for its disk sputtering systems, the Company implemented an expense
reduction plan that involved the termination of approximately 20% of the
Company's work force. As part of the expense reduction plan the Company also
decided to close its Rocklin, California facility and transfer its Rapid Thermal
Processing Operation from Rocklin to the Company's headquarters in Santa Clara.
During the first quarter of 1998, the Company will incur a restructuring charge
of approximately $1.0 million related to closure of the Rocklin facility and
employee severance costs.
Foreign sales accounted for 64% of revenue in 1997, 41% in 1996 and 20% in
1995. Substantially all of the Company's foreign sales are to companies in the
Far East. The Company anticipates that foreign sales to customers in the Far
East will continue to be a significant portion of its revenues in the
foreseeable future. In order to effectively service customers located in
Southeast Asia, the Company has established sales and service operations in
Singapore, Malaysia and in Taiwan. Sales and operating activities outside of the
United States are subject to certain inherent risks, including fluctuations in
the value of the United States dollar relative to foreign currencies, tariffs,
quotas, taxes and other market barriers, political and economic instability,
restrictions on the export or import of technology, potentially limited
intellectual property protection, difficulties in staffing and managing
international operations and potentially adverse tax consequences. The Company's
products have been sold to companies headquartered in the United States, Japan,
Taiwan and Korea and have been installed in factories in the United States,
Japan, Singapore, Malaysia, Korea and Taiwan. All of the Far Eastern countries
with which the Company does business have banking systems and foreign currency
exposures that have experienced serious troubles recently and therefore subject
the Company's customers to substantial business risks. There can be no assurance
that any of these factors will not have a material adverse effect on the
Company's business, financial condition or results of operations. In particular,
although the Company's international sales have been denominated in United
States dollars, such sales and expenses may not be denominated in dollars in the
future, and currency exchange fluctuations in countries where the Company does
business could materially adversely affect the Company's business, financial
condition and results of operations.
Installing and integrating new sputtering systems into the thin-film disk
manufacturing process requires a substantial investment by a customer. Sales of
the Company's systems depend, in significant part, upon the decision of a
prospective customer to replace obsolete equipment or to increase manufacturing
capacity by upgrading or expanding existing manufacturing facilities or
constructing new manufacturing facilities, all of which typically involve a
significant capital commitment. Therefore, customers often require a significant
number of product presentations and demonstrations, as well as substantial
interaction with the Company's senior management, before making a purchasing
decision. Accordingly, the Company's systems typically have a lengthy sales
cycle during which the Company may expend substantial funds and management time
and effort with no assurance that a sale will result. Furthermore, the Company's
expense levels are based, in part, on its expectations as to future net
revenues. If revenue levels are below expectations, operating results are likely
to be adversely affected. Net income, if any, may be disproportionately affected
by a reduction in net revenues because a proportionately smaller amount of the
Company's expenses varies with its net revenues. The impact of these and other
factors on the Company's sales and operating results in any future period cannot
be forecasted with certainty.
CUSTOMER SUPPORT
Since media production lines are often operated 24 hours per day, seven
days per week, continuing service support is of vital importance, and thus the
Company provides process and applications support, customer training,
installation and start-up assistance and emergency service support to its
customers. Over the past two years, the Company has taken several steps to
substantially improve customer support including expanding the training program,
increasing the number of service engineers, adding product support engineering
capability, reducing delivery times for spare parts and providing 24 hour per
day response.
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Process and applications support is provided by equipment process
scientists who have access to a dedicated MDP-250B in the Company's applications
laboratory, and who also visit customers at their plants to assist in process
development projects.
The Company conducts training classes for process scientists, machine
operators and machine service personnel. Additional training is also given
during the machine installation.
Installation and start up of the sputtering systems are provided within the
United States by the Intevac customer service organization. This group also
assists with the installation and start up of sputtering systems in overseas
locations as required.
The Company provides a standard warranty for up to twelve months from
customer acceptance. During this warranty period any necessary non-consumable
parts are supplied and installed. Currently, the Company has trained field
service technicians located in the United States, Singapore and Taiwan. In
addition, service in Japan and Korea is provided by the Company's distributor
and representatives using personnel who have received training at Intevac.
Intevac and its distributors stock consumables and spare parts to support the
installed base of systems. These parts are available on a 24 hour per day basis.
Consistent with the Company's strategy to provide the industry's highest
level of service to its customers, the Company has established operations in
Singapore, Malaysia and Taiwan to provide customer training, installation,
start-up assistance, spare parts and service support to customers in Southeast
Asia.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
The disk drive industry in general, and the thin-film disk manufacturing
industry in particular, is characterized by rapid technological change and
evolving industry standards. The Company has invested substantial amounts in
research and development for its disk sputtering systems and flat panel display
manufacturing equipment. The Company's research and development expenses in
1997, 1996 and 1995 were $10.7 million, $8.4 million and $2.6 million,
respectively, and represented 8.0%, 9.5% and 6.1%, respectively, of net
revenues. Research and development expenses do not include costs of $1.3
million, $1.3 million and $1.1 million that were incurred by the Company in
1997, 1996 and 1995, respectively and were reimbursed under the terms of a cost
sharing agreement.
The Company expects to continue an active development program to make
sputter system improvements to add additional capabilities that will improve
disk performance, increase machine throughput, permit optimum utilization of
alternative substrates, lower cost of ownership and respond to future market
requirements. The Company's ability to remain competitive has required and will
continue to require substantial investments in research and development to
advance its technologies. The failure to develop, manufacture and market new
systems, or to enhance existing systems, would have a material adverse effect on
the Company's business, financial condition and results of operations. In the
past, the Company has experienced delays from time to time in the introduction
of, and certain technical difficulties with, certain of its systems and
enhancements. In addition, the Company's competitors can be expected to continue
to develop and introduce new and enhanced products, any of which could cause a
decline in market demand for the Company's systems or a reduction in the
Company's margins as a result of intensified price competition.
Changes in the manufacturing processes for thin-film disks could also have
a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition and
results of operations. The Company anticipates continued changes in the
requirements of the disk drive industry and thin-film disk manufacturing
technologies. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to
develop, manufacture and sell systems that respond adequately to such changes.
In addition, the data storage industry is subject to constantly evolving
technological standards. There can be no assurance that future technological
innovations will not reduce demand for thin-film disks. The Company's business,
financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely
affected by any trend toward technology that would replace thin-film disks as a
storage medium.
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The Company's success in developing and selling enhanced disk sputtering
systems and other new products depends upon a variety of factors, including
accurate prediction of future customer requirements, technology advances, cost
of ownership, introduction of new products on schedule, cost-effective
manufacturing and product performance in the field. The Company's new product
decisions and development commitments must anticipate the requirements for the
continuously evolving disk drive industry approximately two or more years in
advance of sales. Any failure to accurately predict customer requirements and to
develop new generations of products to meet those requirements would have a
sustained material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition
and results of operations. New product transitions could adversely affect sales
of existing systems, and product introductions could contribute to quarterly
fluctuations in operating results as orders for new products commence and orders
for existing products decline. There can be no assurance that the Company will
be successful in selecting, developing, manufacturing and marketing new products
or enhancements of existing products. For example, in 1997 the Company
discontinued development of a laser texturing product for thin-film disks.
FLAT PANEL DISPLAY MANUFACTURING EQUIPMENT DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
In recent years, flat panel displays ("FPDs") have emerged as a display
technology for a variety of applications such as PCs, workstations and video
displays. The manufacture of several types of flat panel displays such as STN,
AMLCD and FED require the use of a sputtering process to deposit thin-film
layers of different materials onto a glass substrate.
In 1992 the Company initiated a program to develop a sputtering system for
this market. The Company believes that the skills and technologies that it has
developed for the thin-film disk manufacturing industry are directly applicable
to the FPD manufacturing industry. These skills and technologies include its
expertise and experience in sputtering, rapid heating, high vacuum, isolated
process chambers and material handling. In addition, as with the thin-film disk
manufacturing industry, the FPD industry involves providing complex, expensive
capital equipment to a small number of customers worldwide.
Since inception, the Company has invested approximately $13.2 million in
the flat panel sputtering development effort, of which approximately half has
been paid by Ebara Corporation ("Ebara"). The Company entered into its agreement
with Ebara in September 1992. Under the agreement, as amended, Ebara has agreed
to pay one-half of the development costs of the flat panel sputtering system, up
to a maximum amount of $6.75 million, in exchange for joint ownership of the
intellectual property rights and the exclusive right to manufacture and sell in
Japan the flat panel sputtering systems developed under the agreement. The
Company has retained the exclusive right to manufacture and sell such flat panel
sputtering systems outside of Japan. Each party is required to pay royalties to
the other party on its flat panel sputtering system sales. In 1997, under a
funded development contract, the Company delivered its first sputtering machine
("D-STAR") capable of sputtering substrates as large as 450 mm by 650 mm. In
1998 the Company expects to deliver a scaled up version of its D-STAR unit
capable of sputtering glass substrates as large as 1.2 meters by 1.6 meters
("RIGEL").
In 1994 the Company acquired certain assets of Aktis Corporation and
certain patents from Baccarat Electronics, Inc. and continued a project to
develop a rapid thermal processing ("RTP") system to be used in the manufacture
of FPDs. The Company's RTP system can be used to rapidly modify the
characteristics of thin films deposited on glass substrates. For example, the
Company's RTP systems can be used to activate thin films after ion implantation
or to convert amorphous silicon thin films into polysilicon thin films. The
Company has sold three RTP systems to date.
In 1997 the Company spent $4.9 million on research and development related
to the Company's FPD efforts. Of these amounts, approximately 54% of the funding
was provided by customer sponsored research and development contracts and/or
cost sharing agreements.
The Company has limited experience in the development, manufacture, sale
and marketing of flat panel display manufacturing equipment, having sold only
three RTP systems to date and continuing development of its FPD sputtering
systems. There can be no assurance that the market for flat panel display
manufacturing equipment targeted by the Company will develop as quickly or to
the degree the Company currently
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anticipates, or that the Company's proposed FPD manufacturing equipment will
achieve customer acceptance or that the Company will achieve any net revenues
from the sale of its proposed FPD manufacturing equipment. There can be no
assurance the Company will receive additional customer sponsored research and
development funding in the future. The failure to receive additional customer
sponsored research and development funds could result in the Company internally
funding the development of such FPD manufacturing equipment, and the costs of
such research and development may have a material adverse effect on the
Company's results of operations. There can be no assurance that the Company in
any event will continue to fund research and development in the FPD area.
PHOTONICS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
The Photonics R&D Group, which continued with the Company when the night
vision business was sold in 1995, has made progress with technology that permits
highly sensitive detection in the short-wave infrared spectrum in electron
sources with very precise characteristics. These photonics development efforts
are funded primarily with government sponsored R&D contracts. In 1997 the
Company spent $2.6 million on research and development related to the Company's
photonics efforts.
This development work is aimed at creating new products for both military
and industrial applications. Among these new applications is Laser Illuminated
Viewing and Ranging ("LIVAR"), which is like radar but operates in the short
infrared region to detect and image objects at long ranges. Other technologies
include Electron Bombarded Charge Coupled Devices ("EBCCDs"), which provide high
sensitivity detection and high resolution imagery in the visible and short wave
infrared spectrum, and Negative Electron Affinity ("NEA") electron sources,
which could provide an enabling technology to dramatically reduce the feature
size of integrated circuits.
ELECTRON BEAM PROCESSING EQUIPMENT
In 1997 the Company's wholly owned subsidiary, RPC Technologies, Inc.
("RPC"), acquired substantially all of the assets and certain of the liabilities
of RPC Industries, Inc. of Hayward, California. RPC Industries, Inc.
manufactured electron beam processing equipment that is used for curing inks,
coatings and adhesives, for film cross linking in the manufacture of shrink wrap
films and for in-line sterilization.
MANUFACTURING
The majority of the Company's manufacturing is conducted at its
headquarters facility in Santa Clara, California with smaller manufacturing
facilities located in Hayward, California (RPC), Los Gatos, California (Lotus)
and Rocklin, California (RTP). The Company's manufacturing operations include
electromechanical assembly, mechanical and vacuum assembly, fabrication of the
sputter sources, and system assembly, alignment and testing. The Company makes
extensive use of the infrastructure serving the semiconductor equipment
business. The Company purchases vacuum pumps, valves, instrumentation and
fittings, power supplies, printed wiring board assemblies, computers and control
circuitry and specialized mechanical parts made by forging, machining and
welding. The Company has a well-equipped fabrication center that is capable of
producing many of the fabricated metal parts in its systems. This capability is
used primarily for quick reaction requirements for design work, to cover
shortages and for some of the parts required for production. The Company's
strategy is to purchase the majority of its fabricated metal parts from outside
suppliers.
The Company's manufacturing strategy is to operate with low fixed costs, to
produce high quality, cost-effective systems and low cost replacement parts and
to be able to respond effectively to changes in volume. To do this, the Company
currently designs its products to use standard parts where possible. The Company
performs manufacturing activities that add value or that require unique
technology or specialized knowledge and, taking advantage of its Silicon Valley
location, utilizes subcontractors to perform other manufacturing activities.
In certain instances, the Company is dependent upon a sole supplier or a
limited number of suppliers, or has qualified only a single or limited number of
suppliers, for certain complex components or sub-assemblies utilized in its
products. The Company has implemented a key supplier program in which it
appoints certain
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key vendors as sole suppliers for certain parts with the goal of improving
response time and reducing costs. In addition, the Company makes extensive use
of suppliers serving the semiconductor equipment business, and such suppliers
may choose to give priority to their semiconductor equipment customers that are
much larger than the Company. Any prolonged inability to obtain adequate
deliveries could force the Company to pay more for inventory, parts and other
supplies, require it to seek alternative sources of supply, delay its ability to
ship its products and damage relationships with current and prospective
customers. Any such delay or damage could have a material adverse effect on the
Company's business, financial condition and results of operations.
The Company's systems have a large number of components and are highly
complex. The Company may experience delays and technical and manufacturing
difficulties in future introductions or volume production of new systems or
enhancements. In addition, some of the systems built by the Company must be
customized to meet individual customer site or operating requirements. The
Company has limited manufacturing capacity and may be unable to complete the
development or meet the technical specifications of its new systems or
enhancements or to manufacture and ship these systems or enhancements in a
timely manner. Such an occurrence would materially adversely affect the
Company's business, financial condition and results of operations as well as its
relationships with customers. In addition, the Company may incur substantial
unanticipated costs early in a product's life cycle, such as increased cost of
materials due to expediting charges, other purchasing inefficiencies and greater
than expected installation and support costs which cannot be passed on to the
customer. Any of such events could materially adversely affect the Company's
business, financial condition and results of operations.
BACKLOG
The Company's backlog was $73.8 million and $63.7 million at December 31,
1997 and December 31, 1996, respectively. The Company includes in its backlog
only those customer orders for systems, component parts and contract research
and development for which it has accepted signed purchase orders with assigned
delivery dates. The equipment requirements for thin-film disk manufacturers
cannot be determined with accuracy, and therefore the Company's backlog at any
certain date may not be indicative of future demand for the Company's
manufacturing systems.
Orders in backlog are subject to cancellation, and although the Company
generally requires a deposit on orders for its systems, such deposits may not be
sufficient to cover the expenses incurred by the Company for the manufacture of
the canceled systems or fixed operating expenses associated with such systems.
The Company may from time to time manufacture a system in anticipation of an
order that may not be placed during the period or at all. In any given quarter
in which such a system is manufactured, the Company may not receive funds to
cover its manufacturing costs. Orders may be subject to delay, deferral or
rescheduling by a customer. From the date the Company receives an order, it
often takes more than six months before the net revenues from such order are
recognized and even longer before final payment is received. The relatively long
manufacturing cycles of many of the Company's products has caused and could
cause shipments of such products to be delayed from one quarter to the next,
which could materially adversely affect the Company's business, financial
condition and results of operations for a particular quarter. Announcements by
the Company or its competitors of new products and technologies could cause
customers to defer purchases of the Company's existing systems, which would have
a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition and
results of operations.
Due to possible delays in obtaining materials, the average time between
order and shipment of the Company's systems may increase substantially in the
future. The Company's ability to quickly increase its shipments in response to
short-term increases in demand could be limited by the complexity of the
manufacturing process, the lengthy lead times necessary to obtain critical
components, the unwillingness of the Company to build systems prior to the
receipt of orders and the need for highly skilled personnel. The failure of the
Company to satisfy any such short-term increases in demand and to keep pace with
customer demand would lead to further extensions of delivery times, which could
deter customers from placing additional orders. There can be no assurance that
the Company will be successful in increasing its manufacturing capacity.
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COMPETITION
The Company believes that the principal competitive factors in its market
are system performance and features, reliability and uptime, overall cost of
ownership and customer support. The Company believes that it competes favorably
with respect to each of these factors. The Company believes it is the principal
United States-based supplier of sputtering systems for thin-film disks.
The Company's disk sputtering business experiences intense competition
worldwide from two principal competitors, Balzers A.G. ("Balzers") and Anelva
Corporation ("Anelva"), each of which is a large manufacturer of complex vacuum
equipment and thin-film disk manufacturing systems and has sold a substantial
number of thin-film disk sputtering machines worldwide. Both Balzers and Anelva
are manufacturers of static sputtering systems, and each has substantially
greater financial, technical, marketing, manufacturing and other resources than
the Company. The Company also experiences competition from manufacturers of
thin-film disks that have developed the capability to manufacture their own
sputtering systems. There can be no assurance that the Company's competitors
will not develop enhancements to, or future generations of, competitive products
that will offer superior price or performance features or that new competitors
will not enter the Company's markets and develop such enhanced products.
Furthermore, the failure of manufacturers of thin-film disks currently using
in-line machines and manufacturers using internally developed sputtering systems
to switch to static sputtering systems in the future could adversely affect the
Company's ability to increase its sputtering system market share.
In addition, the Company's two principal competitors are based in foreign
countries and have cost structures and system prices based on foreign
currencies. Accordingly, currency fluctuations could cause the Company's
dollar-priced products to be less competitive than its competitors' products
priced in other currencies. Currency fluctuations could also increase the
Company's cost structure relative to those of its competitors, which could make
it more difficult for the Company to maintain its competitiveness.
Given the lengthy sales cycle and the significant investment required to
integrate a disk sputtering system into the manufacturing process, the Company
believes that once a thin-film disk manufacturer has selected a particular
supplier's disk sputtering equipment, the manufacturer generally relies upon
that equipment for the specific production line application and frequently will
continue to purchase its other disk sputtering equipment from the same supplier.
The Company expects to experience difficulty in selling to a particular customer
for a significant period of time if that customer selects a competitor's disk
sputtering equipment. Accordingly, competition for customers in the disk
sputtering equipment industry is particularly intense, and suppliers of disk
sputtering equipment may offer pricing concessions and incentives to attract new
customers, which could adversely affect the Company's business, financial
condition and results of operations. Because of these competitive factors, there
can be no assurance that the Company will be able to compete successfully in the
future.
PATENTS, INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND LICENSING
The Company places a high value on intellectual property and has an active
program to seek patent coverage for discoveries and designs that are believed to
have significant value. The Company recognizes patentable inventions by
employees through incentive payments to the inventors. The Company currently has
24 patents issued in the United States and 2 patents issued in Japan, and has
patent applications pending in the United States and foreign countries. Of the
24 U.S. patents, 7 relate to sputtering, 10 relate to RTP, 1 relates to
lubrication systems and 6 relate to photonics. In addition, the Company has the
right to utilize certain patents under licensing arrangements with Litton
Industries, Varian Associates, Stanford University, Lawrence Livermore
Laboratories and Alum Rock Technology.
There can be no assurance that any of the Company's patent applications
will be allowed or that any of the allowed applications will be issued as
patents. There can be no assurance that any patent owned by the Company will not
be invalidated, deemed unenforceable, circumvented or challenged, that the
rights granted thereunder will provide competitive advantages to the Company or
that any of the Company's pending or future patent applications will be issued
with claims of the scope sought by the Company, if at all. Furthermore, there
can be no assurance that others will not develop similar products, duplicate the
Company's
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products or design around the patents owned by the Company. In addition, there
can be no assurance that foreign patent rights, intellectual property laws or
the Company's agreements will protect the Company's intellectual property
rights. Failure to protect the Company's intellectual property rights could have
a material adverse effect upon the Company's business, financial condition and
results of operations.
There has been substantial litigation in the technology industry regarding
intellectual property rights. The Company has from time to time received claims
that it is infringing third parties' intellectual property rights. In August
1993, Rockwell International Corporation ("Rockwell") sued the Federal
government alleging infringement of certain patent rights with respect to the
contracts the Federal government has had with a number of companies, including
Intevac. The Federal government has notified Intevac that it may be liable in
connection with contracts for certain products in the Company's discontinued
night vision business. Although the Company believes it will have no material
liability under these contracts, there can be no assurance that the resolution
of the claims by Rockwell with the Federal government will not have a material
adverse effect on the Company's business, operating results and financial
condition. In the first quarter of 1997, Rockwell's patent in suit was held
invalid. Rockwell has appealed that decision. These issues are now pending
before the appellate court.
There can be no assurance that third parties will not in the future claim
infringement by the Company with respect to current or future patents,
trademarks, or other proprietary rights relating to the Company's disk
sputtering systems, flat panel manufacturing equipment or other products. Any
present or future claims, with or without merit, could be time-consuming, result
in costly litigation, cause product shipment delays or require the Company to
enter into royalty or licensing agreements. Such royalty or licensing
agreements, if required, may not be available on terms acceptable to the
Company, or at all. Any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect
upon the Company's business, operating results and financial condition.
In addition, the Company believes that one of its competitors may be
infringing the Company's patent rights in connection with products currently
being offered by this competitor. Although the Company has not undertaken formal
legal proceedings, the Company has informed this competitor that the Company
believes its patent rights are being infringed and that the Company may
undertake litigation to protect its patent rights if necessary. If undertaken,
such litigation could be costly, time-consuming and result in legal claims being
made against the Company. This could have a material adverse effect on the
Company's business, operating results and financial condition, and, in addition,
there could be no assurance that the Company would ultimately prevail in any
such litigation.
EMPLOYEES
At December 31, 1997, the Company had 398 employees, 31 of whom are
contract employees. 117 of these employees are in research and development, 183
are in manufacturing, and 98 are in administration, customer support and
marketing.
The Company believes that it has good relations with its employees. None of
the Company's employees is represented by a labor union, and the Company has
never experienced a work stoppage. The Company believes that attracting and
motivating skilled technical talent is vital to its success.
ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS
The Company is subject to a variety of governmental regulations relating to
the use, storage, discharge, handling, emission, generation, manufacture,
treatment and disposal of toxic or other hazardous substances, chemicals,
materials or waste. Any failure to comply with current or future regulations
could result in substantial civil penalties or criminal fines being imposed on
the Company or its officers, directors or employees, suspension of production,
alteration of its manufacturing process or cessation of operations. Such
regulations could require the Company to acquire expensive remediation or
abatement equipment or to incur substantial expenses to comply with
environmental regulations. Any failure by the Company to properly manage the
use, disposal or storage of, or adequately restrict the release of, hazardous or
toxic substances could subject the Company to significant liabilities.
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OTHER FACTORS AFFECTING THE COMPANY'S BUSINESS
Leverage
In connection with the sale of $57.5 million of its 6 1/2% Convertible
Subordinated Notes Due 2004 (the "Convertible Notes") in February 1997, the
Company incurred a substantial increase in the ratio of long-term debt to total
capitalization (shareholders' equity plus long-term debt). The ratio at December
31, 1997 and 1996 was approximately 58.4% and 2.1%, respectively. As a result of
this indebtedness, the Company incurred substantial principal and interest
obligations. The degree to which the Company is leveraged could have a material
adverse effect on the Company's ability to obtain additional financing for
working capital, acquisitions or other purposes and could make it more
vulnerable to industry downturns and competitive pressures. The Company's
ability to meet its debt service obligations will be dependent on the Company's
future performance, which will be subject to financial, business and other
factors affecting the operations of the Company, many of which are beyond its
control.
Management of Expanding Operations
The Company has recently experienced a period of rapid expansion in its
operations that has placed, and could continue to place, a significant strain on
the Company's management and other resources. The Company's ability to manage
its expanding operations effectively will require it to continue to improve its
operational, financial, and management information systems, and to train,
motivate and manage its employees. If the Company's management is unable to
manage its expanding operations effectively, the Company's results of operations
could be adversely affected.
The Company's operating results will depend in significant part upon its
ability to retain and attract qualified management, engineering, marketing,
customer support and sales personnel. Competition for such personnel is intense
and there can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in attracting
and retaining such personnel. The failure to attract and retain such personnel
could make it difficult to undertake or could significantly delay the Company's
research and development efforts and the expansion of its manufacturing
capabilities or other activities, which could have a material adverse effect on
the Company's business, financial condition and results of operations.
Potential Acquisitions
The Company's business strategy includes acquiring related businesses,
products or technologies. The Company completed one acquisition in 1997 and
three acquisitions in 1996 and expects that it may pursue additional
acquisitions in the future. Any future acquisition may result in potentially
dilutive issuance of equity securities, the write-off of in-process research and
development and the assumption of debt and contingent liabilities, any of which
could materially adversely affect the Company's business, financial condition
and results of operations. Additionally, as a result of the Company's ongoing
repurchase of its stock in the open market, the Company may not be able to use
the "pooling of interests" method of accounting in some acquisitions, and the
Company may therefore be required to amortize any intangible assets acquired in
connection with any acquisition.
The Company incurred a charge to operations of $0.3 million in the quarter
ended December 31, 1997, to reflect the purchase of in-process research and
development related to the acquisition of the business of RPC Industries, Inc.
The Company incurred a charge to operations of $5.8 million in the quarter ended
June 29, 1996, to reflect the purchase of in-process research and development
related to the acquisition of SJT and Lotus. In addition, the Company is
amortizing intangible assets of approximately $9.0 million relating to the four
acquisitions. The amortization period for such costs will be over the useful
lives of the assets, which range from two years to seven years. Additionally,
unanticipated expenses may be incurred relating to the integration of
technologies, research and development, and administrative functions. Any
acquisition will involve numerous risks, including difficulties in the
assimilation of the acquired company's employees, operations and products,
uncertainties associated with operating in new markets and working with new
customers, and the potential loss of the acquired company's key employees.
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Possible Volatility of Stock Price
The Company believes that factors such as announcements of developments
related to the Company's business, fluctuations in the Company's operating
results, failure to meet securities analysts' expectations, general conditions
in the disk drive and thin-film media manufacturing industries and the worldwide
economy, announcements of technological innovations, new systems or product
enhancements by the Company or its competitors, fluctuations in the level of
cooperative development funding, acquisitions, changes in governmental
regulations, developments in patents or other intellectual property rights and
changes in the Company's relationships with customers and suppliers could cause
the price of the Company's Common Stock to fluctuate substantially. In addition,
in recent years the stock market in general, and the market for small
capitalization and high technology stocks in particular, has experienced extreme
price fluctuations which have often been unrelated to the operating performance
of affected companies. Such fluctuations could adversely affect the market price
of the Company's Common Stock.
Concentration of Stock Ownership
Based on the shares outstanding on December 31, 1997, the present directors
and their affiliates and executive officers, in the aggregate, own beneficially
approximately 55.2% of the Company's outstanding shares of Common Stock. As a
result, these shareholders, acting together, are able to effectively control all
matters requiring approval by the shareholders of the Company, including the
election of a majority of the directors and approval of significant corporate
transactions.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
The Company leases all of its facilities, including approximately 175,400
square feet in Santa Clara, California. These buildings house manufacturing,
research and development, marketing and administration, and the Company's
headquarters offices. The leases for these buildings expire in October 1999
(8,300 square feet) and March 2002 (167,100 square feet). The Company has an
option to extend the lease with respect to 167,100 square feet for an additional
five-year period, with a monthly base rent to be negotiated by the Company and
the lessor. If the Company and the lessor are unable to reach agreement with
respect to such monthly base rent, the monthly base rent for the extension will
be determined by an appraisal process set forth in the lease.
The Company leases an 18,900 square-foot building in Rocklin, California to
house the RTP Business. This lease expires in November 2000.
The Company leases a facility of approximately 6,600 square feet in Los
Gatos, California to house the Lotus Technology Division. This lease expires in
May 1999.
The Company leases a facility of approximately 31,500 square feet in
Hayward, California to house the RPC Technologies Division. This lease expires
on March 2001.
The Company leases a facility of approximately 2,400 square feet in
Singapore to house the Singapore customer support organization. This lease
expires in December 1998. The Company has an option to extend the lease for an
additional year at market rates.
The Company leases approximately 1,400 square feet in Taiwan to house the
Taiwan customer support organization. The lease expires in October 1998.
The Company believes that its current facilities are suitable and adequate
for its current and foreseeable operations. The Company currently operates with
one full manufacturing shift and one partial manufacturing shift. The Company
believes that it currently has sufficient productive capacity to meet its
current needs.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
There are no material legal proceedings to which the Company is a party or
to which any of its property is subject.
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ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY-HOLDERS
No matters were submitted to a vote of security-holders during the fourth
quarter of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS
Certain information about the Company's directors and executive officers is
listed below:
NAME AGE POSITION
---- --- --------
Executive Officers and Directors:
Norman H. Pond 59 Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive
Officer
Charles B. Eddy III 47 Vice President, Finance and Administration, Chief
Financial Officer, Treasurer and Secretary
Robert D. Hempstead 54 Chief Operating Officer and Director
Edward Durbin(1) 70 Director
David N. Lambeth(1)(2) 50 Director
H. Joseph Smead(2) 72 Director
- ---------------
(1) Member of Audit Committee
(2) Member of Compensation Committee
Mr. Pond is a founder of the Company and has served as Chairman of the
Board, President and Chief Executive Officer since February 1991. Before joining
the Company, from 1988 to 1990, Mr. Pond served as President and Chief Operating
Officer of Varian, a publicly held manufacturer of semiconductor, communication,
defense and medical products where he was responsible for overall management of
Varian's operations. From 1984 to 1988, Mr. Pond was President of Varian's
Electron Device and Systems Group and became a Director of Varian in 1986. Prior
to joining Varian, Mr. Pond was employed by Teledyne, a diversified electronics
company, from 1963 to 1984 where he served in various positions, including as
Group Executive. Mr. Pond holds a B.S. in physics from the University of
Missouri at Rolla and a M.S. in physics from the University of California at Los
Angeles.
Mr. Eddy has served as Vice President, Finance and Administration, Chief
Financial Officer, Treasurer and Secretary of the Company since April 1991. Mr.
Eddy served as Chief Financial Officer of Videonics, Inc., a manufacturer of
consumer video editing equipment, from 1987 to 1991 and served as Chief
Financial Officer of Parallel Computers, Inc., a startup computer company, from
1983 to 1987. Mr. Eddy was with Intel Corporation from 1974 to 1983 where he
served in a variety of positions, including controller and plant manager. Mr.
Eddy holds a B.S. in engineering science from the University of Virginia and a
M.B.A. from Dartmouth College.
Dr. Hempstead has served as Chief Operating Officer of the Company since
April 1996. He was appointed a Director of the Company in 1997. Before joining
the Company, Dr. Hempstead served as Executive Vice President of Censtor Corp.,
a manufacturer of computer disk drive heads and disks, from November 1994 to
February 1996. He was a self-employed consultant from 1989 to November 1994. Dr.
Hempstead holds a B.S. and M.S. in electrical engineering from Massachusetts
Institute of Technology and a Ph.D. in physics from the University of Illinois.
Mr. Durbin has served as a Director of the Company since February 1991. Mr.
Durbin is the Vice Chairman of Kaiser Aerospace and Electronics Corporation
("Kaiser"), a privately held manufacturer of electronic and electro-optical
systems, responsible for marketing and business development since joining Kaiser
in 1975. Mr. Durbin currently serves as a director for all of Kaiser's
subsidiaries. Mr. Durbin holds a B.S. in electrical engineering from The Cooper
Union and a M.S. in electrical engineering from the Polytechnic Institute of
Brooklyn.
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Dr. Lambeth has served as a Director of the Company since May 1996. Dr.
Lambeth has been Professor of electrical and computer engineering and Associate
Director of the Data Storage Systems at Carnegie Mellon University since 1989.
Since 1988, Dr. Lambeth has been the owner of Lambeth Systems, an engineering
consulting firm. From 1973 to 1988, Dr. Lambeth worked at Eastman Kodak
Company's Research Laboratories, most recently as the head of the Magnetic
Material Laboratory. Dr. Lambeth holds a B.S. in electrical engineering from the
University of Missouri and a Ph.D. in physics from the Massachusetts Institute
of Technology.
Dr. Smead has served as a Director of the Company since February 1991. Dr.
Smead joined Kaiser in 1974 and served as Kaiser's President from 1974 until
October 1, 1997. Dr. Smead served as President and Chairman of the Board of
Directors of K Systems, Inc., Kaiser's parent company, from 1977 until October
1, 1997. Dr. Smead currently serves as Chairman of the Board of Directors of
Kaiser and as a director for all of Kaiser's subsidiaries. Dr. Smead holds a
B.S. in electrical engineering from the University of Colorado, a M.S. in
electrical engineering from the University of Washington and a Ph.D. in
electrical engineering from Purdue University.
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PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED SHAREHOLDER MATTERS
The Company's Common Stock commenced trading on the Nasdaq National Market
on November 21, 1995 and is traded under the symbol "IVAC." As of December 31,
1997, there were approximately 2,500 holders of record of the Common Stock. The
following table sets forth for the periods indicated the high and low closing
sale prices for the Common Stock as reported on the Nasdaq National Market.
HIGH LOW
------- -------
Fiscal 1996
First Quarter...................................... $ 8.250 $ 6.125
Second Quarter..................................... $26.000 $ 6.625
Third Quarter...................................... $17.500 $11.250
Fourth Quarter..................................... $19.500 $11.000
Fiscal 1997
First Quarter...................................... $22.500 $13.250
Second Quarter..................................... $16.625 $12.500
Third Quarter...................................... $17.125 $10.750
Fourth Quarter..................................... $14.625 $ 7.750
DIVIDEND POLICY
In August 1995, the Company paid a cash dividend of $0.495 on each share of
Common Stock outstanding as of the August 25, 1995 record date. The Company
currently anticipates that it will retain its earnings, if any, for use in the
operation of its business and does not expect to pay cash dividends on its
capital stock in the foreseeable future. The Company's line of credit prohibits
the payment of cash dividends on the Company's capital stock.
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ITEM 6. SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA
The following selected financial data of the Company is qualified by
reference to and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial
statements of the Company, including the notes thereto, and Managements's
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
------------------------------------------------
1997 1996 1995(3) 1994 1993
-------- ------- ------- ------- -------
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF INCOME DATA:
Net Revenues:
Disk, flat panel and other.................... $133,207 $88,232 $42,187 $18,266 $16,026
MBE (1)....................................... -- -- 695 2,185 6,370
-------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Total net revenues.................... 133,207 88,232 42,882 20,451 22,396
Cost of net revenues:
Disk, flat panel and other.................... 91,255 55,652 27,280 11,799 9,749
MBE (1)....................................... -- -- 434 858 5,417
-------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Total cost of net revenues............ 91,255 55,652 27,714 12,657 15,166
-------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Gross Profit.................................... 41,952 32,580 15,168 7,794 7,230
Operating expenses:
Research and development...................... 10,716 8,425 2,603 3,515 3,142
Selling, general and administrative........... 11,399 8,391 4,550 2,248 3,896
Acquired in-process research and
development................................ 299 5,835 -- -- --
-------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Total operating expenses.............. 22,414 22,651 7,153 5,763 7,038
-------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Operating income................................ 19,538 9,929 8,015 2,031 192
Interest expense................................ (3,581) (175) (13) (63) (113)
Interest income and other income (expense),
net........................................... 3,268 1,569 942 533 (88)
-------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Income (loss) from continuing operations before
income taxes.................................. 19,225 11,323 8,944 2,501 (9)
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes....... 6,728 6,350 3,179 826 (75)
-------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Income from continuing operations............... 12,497 4,973 5,765 1,675 66
Income (loss) from discontinued operations...... -- -- 1,335 (267) 1,457
-------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Net income...................................... $ 12,497 $ 4,973 $ 7,100 $ 1,408 $ 1,523
======== ======= ======= ======= =======
Basic earnings per share:
Income from continuing operations............. $ 1.00 $ 0.40 $ 1.58 $ 2.39 $ 0.10
Net income.................................... $ 1.00 $ 0.40 $ 1.94 $ 2.01 $ 2.26
Shares used in per share calculations (2)..... 12,514 12,311 3,653 700 674
Diluted earnings per share:
Income from continuing operations............. $ 0.94 $ 0.39 $ 0.58 $ 0.18 $ 0.01
Net income.................................... $ 0.94 $ 0.39 $ 0.72 $ 0.15 $ 0.16
Shares used in per share calculations (2)..... 15,385 12,901 9,881 9,489 9,509
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET DATA:
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term
investments................................... $ 71,142 $ 938 $20,422 $13,347 $19,877
Working capital................................. 78,025 15,847 21,327 23,229 21,792
Total assets.................................... 147,794 68,085 51,160 42,749 44,233
Long-term debt.................................. 59,480 730 -- -- --
Redeemable Series 1 Preferred Stock............. -- -- -- 6,100 6,100
Total shareholders' equity...................... 42,435 33,736 27,320 22,987 21,588
Cash dividends declared per common share........ -- -- 0.495 -- --
- ---------------
(1) In the fourth quarter of 1993, the Company sold its Molecular Beam Epitaxi
("MBE") Operations and acquired 20% of the outstanding capital stock of
Chorus, a manufacturer of MBE products. The Company retained rights to sell
certain other residual used systems of the MBE business that were not
exchanged with Chorus. The sale of these used systems was completed during
the first quarter of 1995.
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(2) The earnings per share amounts have been restated to comply with Statement
No. 128, "Earnings per share" ("SFAS 128"). See Note 2 of Notes to
Consolidated Financial Statements.
(3) During 1995, the Company (a) effected a recapitalization in which each
outstanding share of Series A Preferred Stock was exchanged for two thirds
of a share of Common Stock and $0.76 ($9.9 million in aggregate), (b) paid
$4.9 million of dividends to the common shareholders, (c) paid $6.1 million
to redeem the Series 1 Preferred Stock, and (d) received approximately $12.0
million from the sale of common stock during the Initial Public Offering.
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS
OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements
which involve risks and uncertainties. The Company's actual results may differ
materially from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements and
should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and
related Notes contained elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
OVERVIEW
The Company's revenues are generated by the sale of disk sputtering systems
and related disk manufacturing equipment; system components; contract research
and development activities; flat panel display manufacturing equipment and
electron beam processing equipment. Disk sputtering systems and related disk
manufacturing equipment generally represent the majority of the Company's
revenue and Intevac is a leading supplier of this equipment. Sputtering is a
complex vacuum deposition process used to deposit multiple thin-film layers on a
disk. Intevac's system component business consists primarily of sales of spare
parts and after-sale service to purchasers of the Company's disk sputtering
systems, as well as sales of components to other manufacturers of vacuum
equipment. Contract research and development revenues have been derived
primarily from prime contracts awarded by and subcontracts awarded under various
DOD and NASA development projects for the FPD industry and various photonics
products. Flat panel display manufacturing equipment consists of sputtering and
rapid thermal processing equipment for the manufacture of FPD's. Electron beam
processing equipment is used for curing inks, coatings and adhesives, in the
manufacture of shrink wrap films and for in-line sterilization.
Through the first quarter of 1995, the Company also received revenues from
sales of MBE systems. MBE systems are used for the design and manufacture of
materials having the characteristics of a semiconductor that are used to produce
transistors, opto-electronic devices and integrated circuits. The Company
acquired the MBE business from Varian in 1991 and sold the business to a third
party in October 1993. MBE revenues in the first quarter of 1995 were derived
from sales of used MBE equipment that had not been sold in the acquisition and
from other activities in connection with the winding down of the MBE business.
The Company does not expect any MBE revenues in future periods.
Income from discontinued operations represents results from the Company's
sales of night vision products, primarily sales of night vision goggles and
devices. The Company sold the night vision business to a third party in May
1995.
The Company's operating results have historically been subject to
significant quarterly and annual fluctuations. The Company believes that its
operating results will continue to fluctuate on a quarterly and annual basis due
to a variety of factors. These factors include the cyclicality of the thin-film
disk manufacturing and disk drive industries, patterns of capital spending by
customers, the timing of significant orders, order cancellations and shipment
reschedulings, market acceptance of the Company's products, unanticipated delays
in design, engineering or production or in customer acceptance of product
shipments, changes in pricing by the Company or its competitors, the timing of
product announcements or introductions by the Company or its competitors, the
mix of systems sold, the relative proportions of sputtering systems, system
components and subassemblies, changes in product development costs, expenses
associated with acquisitions and exchange rate fluctuations. Over the last eight
quarters the Company's operating income as a percentage of net revenues has
fluctuated from approximately 10% to 18% of net revenues. The Company
anticipates that its operating margin will continue to fluctuate. As a result,
the Company believes that period-
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to-period comparisons of its results of operations are not necessarily
meaningful and should not be relied upon as indications of future performance.
The Company has derived a significant proportion of its net revenues from
sales of its systems to manufacturers constructing new thin-film disk
fabrication facilities. The construction of new thin-film disk fabrication
facilities involves extremely large capital expenditures, resulting in few
thin-film disk fabrication facilities being constructed worldwide at any
particular time. A substantial investment is also required by disk manufacturers
to install and integrate additional thin-film disk manufacturing equipment in
connection with upgrading or expanding their existing fabrication facilities.
These costs are far in excess of the cost of purchasing the Company's system.
The magnitude of such capital expenditures has caused certain thin-film disk
manufacturers to forego purchasing significant additional thin-film disk
manufacturing equipment. Consequently, only a limited number of opportunities
for the Company to sell it systems may exist at any given time. According to a
April 1997 report by TrendFOCUS, an independent market research firm, as of
December 31, 1996 there were 231 installed disk sputtering lines worldwide and
only 15 companies in the world with five or more installed disk sputtering
lines. Therefore, winning or losing an order from any particular customer can
significantly affect the Company's operating results.
The disk drive industry is cyclical and historically has experienced
periods of oversupply, resulting in significantly reduced demand for thin-film
disks and for the capital equipment used to manufacture such disks, including
the systems manufactured and marketed by the Company. In recent years, the disk
drive industry has experienced significant growth, which, in turn, has caused
significant growth in the capital equipment industry supplying manufacturers of
thin-film disks. There can be no assurance that such growth will continue.
During the latter half of 1997 a number of manufacturers of hard disk drives and
a number of their suppliers reported substantial losses. Many of these
manufacturers attributed their problems to an excess supply of hard drives, or
in the case of component suppliers, an excess supply of components for hard
drives (including thin film disks) and the rapid change of technology which
caused a number of products to become obsolete. There can be no assurance that
these industry wide problems will not result in reduced demand for the Company's
products in 1998, a rescheduling of the Company's existing backlog or in a
reduction in future orders from the levels experienced during 1997, in which
case the Company's business would be materially adversely affected.
In March of 1998, as a result of weak orders for its disk sputtering
systems, the Company implemented an expense reduction plan that involved the
termination of approximately 20% of the Company's work force. As part of the
expense reduction plan the Company also decided to close its Rocklin, California
facility and transfer its Rapid Thermal Processing Operation from Rocklin to the
Company's headquarters in Santa Clara. During the first quarter of 1998, the
Company will incur a restructuring charge of approximately $1.0 million related
to the closure of the Rocklin facility and employee severance costs.
Due to all of the foregoing factors, the Company expects its quarterly
operating results to fluctuate significantly and may in certain quarters be
below the expectations of public market analysts and investors. In such event it
is likely the price of the Company's Common Stock would be materially adversely
affected.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Net revenues. Net revenues consist primarily of sales of the Company's disk
sputtering systems and related equipment used to manufacture thin-film disks for
computer hard disk drives, and to a lesser extent, system components, contract
research and development and rapid thermal processing systems for flat panel
display manufacturing. Net revenues from the sales of sputtering systems are
recognized upon customer acceptance. System component and other system sales are
recognized upon product shipment, and contract research and development is
recognized in accordance with contract terms, typically as costs are incurred.
Net revenues totaled $133.2 million, $88.2 million, and $42.9 million in 1997,
1996 and 1995, respectively. Net revenues increased from 1996 to 1997 primarily
due to an increase in net revenues from disk sputtering systems and to a lesser
extent as a result of an increase in net revenues from disk lubrication systems,
contract research and development, contact stop-start testers, rapid thermal
processing equipment and components. Net revenues increased from 1995 to 1996
primarily due to an increase in net revenues from disk sputtering systems and to
a lesser extent as the result of the revenues related to SJT and Lotus which
where acquired in
18
20
May and June 1996, respectively. The Company's backlog of orders at December 31,
1998 was $73.8 million. The majority of these orders are shippable for revenue
during the first half of 1998. Orders for the Company's disk sputtering
equipment have been soft since the beginning of 1998. Given the Company's
manufacturing lead times and its current unwillingness to build systems in
anticipation of orders not yet received, it is likely that third quarter
revenues and net income will be less than the levels experienced during the
second half of 1997. There can be no assurance that these lower revenue levels
will not extend beyond the third quarter of 1998.
Matsubo, the Company's Japanese distributor, HMT Technology and Trace
Storage Technology accounted for 37%, 17% and 15%, respectively, of the
Company's net revenues during 1997. The shipments to Matsubo in 1997 were
delivered to Fuji Electric, Mitsubishi, Hitachi and Sony. Matsubo, Seagate and
HMT Technology accounted for 32%, 32% and 13%, respectively, of the Company's
net revenues during 1996. Seagate, HMT Technology and Matsubo accounted for 40%,
20% and 17%, respectively, of the Company's net revenues during 1995.
MBE accounted for $0.7 million of net revenues in 1995. The Company sold
substantially all of the assets related to its MBE operation in October 1993 in
exchange for 20% of the outstanding stock of Chorus Corporation. This investment
is accounted for under the equity method. The Company continued to dispose of
residual assets of the MBE business through the first quarter of 1995. In the
third quarter of 1995, the Company sold its investment interest in Chorus.
Foreign sales totaled $84.7 million, $36.4 million and $8.7 million in
1997, 1996 and 1995, respectively. Foreign sales accounted for 64%, 41% and 20%
of net revenues in 1997, 1996 and 1995, respectively. The increases in foreign
sales from 1996 to 1997 and from 1995 to 1996 were primarily the result of
increased sales of disk sputtering systems. Substantially all of the Company's
foreign sales are to customers in the Far East. Substantially all of the
Company's sales were denominated in US dollars.
Gross margin. Cost of net revenues consists primarily of purchased
materials, fabrication, assembly, test, installation, international distributor
costs, warranty costs and costs attributable to contract research and
development. Gross margin for disk, flat panel and other was 31.5%, 36.9%, and
35.3% in 1997, 1996 and 1995, respectively. The reduction in gross margins in
1997 from 1996 was primarily due to reduced margins on disk sputtering systems
for which product costs increased more than the Company's ability to increase
prices, and to a lesser extent due to reduced gross margins in the Company's
other businesses. Gross margins increased in 1996 as the result of higher
margins on disk sputtering systems during the first two quarters of 1996. MBE
gross margin was above historical levels at 37.6% in 1995 due to the resale at
high margins of used MBE machines that the Company retained after the sale of
the MBE business.
Research and development. Research and development expense consists
primarily of prototype materials, salaries and related costs of employees
engaged in ongoing research, design and development activities for disk
manufacturing equipment, flat panel display manufacturing equipment and research
by the Company's Photonics Technology Division. Company funded research and
development expense totaled $10.7 million, $8.4 million and $2.6 million in
1997, 1996 and 1995, respectively. The $2.3 million increase from 1996 to 1997
was caused primarily by higher expenses related to development of disk
sputtering equipment, the development of a new line of contact stop-start test
equipment and development of flat panel manufacturing equipment. The $5.8
million increase from 1995 to 1996 was caused primarily by an increase in
expenses related to the development of disk sputtering equipment and to a lesser
extent increases in net expenses related to development of flat panel
manufacturing equipment, laser texturing equipment and contact stop start test
equipment. The Company terminated its laser texturing development program during
1997.
Research and development expenses do not include costs of $1.3 million,
$1.3 million, and $1.1 million that were incurred by the Company in 1997, 1996
and 1995, respectively, and reimbursed under the terms of a research and
development cost sharing agreement with the Company's Japanese development
partner. At December 31, 1997, all of the $6.8 million of funds available under
this cost sharing agreement had been used. Future joint development under this
agreement is contingent upon the Company's ability to negotiate further
amendments to the development agreement. There can be no assurance that the
Company will obtain further amendments to the development agreement.
19
21
Selling, general and administrative. Selling, general and administrative
expense consists primarily of selling, marketing, financial, travel, management,
legal and professional services costs. Domestic sales are made by the Company's
direct sales force, whereas international sales are made by distributors that
typically provide sales, installation, warranty and ongoing customer support.
Selling, general and administrative expense totaled $11.4 million, $8.4 million
and $4.6 million in 1997, 1996 and 1995, respectively, representing 8.6%, 9.5%
and 10.6% of net revenues. The $3.0 million increase in selling, general and
administrative expenses from 1996 to 1997 was primarily the result of increased
marketing and administration expenses related to increased sales of disk
sputtering systems and, to a lesser extent increased marketing and
administrative costs at the Company's Lotus Technology Division and San Jose
Technology Division. The $3.8 million increase in selling, general and
administrative expenses from 1995 to 1996 was primarily the result of an
increase in marketing and administrative costs related to increased sales of
disk sputtering systems and, to a lesser extent, increased marketing and
administrative costs at the Company's Lotus Technology Division, Advanced
Technology Division, and San Jose Technology Division, approximately $282,000 of
costs related to the cancellation of its proposed secondary stock offering in
August 1996, and the increased costs of administering and insuring a public
company as a result of the Company's November 21, 1995 initial public offering,
Acquired in-process research and development. The Company recognized a
charge for acquired in-process research and development of $0.3 million during
1997 as a result of the acquisition of the assets of RPC Industries, Inc. and
recognized a charge for acquired in-process research and development of $5.8
million in 1996 as a result of the acquisitions of SJT and Lotus.
Interest expense. Interest expense in 1997 consists primarily of interest
on the Convertible Notes issued in the first quarter of 1997. Interest expense
totaled $3.6 million, $0.2 million and $0.0 million in 1997, 1996 and 1995,
respectively.
Interest and other income, net. Interest and other income, net totaled $3.3
million, $1.6 million, and $0.9 million, in 1997, 1996 and 1995, respectively.
Interest and other income in 1997 consisted of interest income, deferred income
related to the sale of the Company's interest in Chorus Corporation and early
payment discounts, which were partially offset by a foreign currency translation
loss. Other income during 1996 consisted primarily of deferred income recognized
on the sale of the Company's interest in Chorus Corporation and interest income
and, to a lesser extent, early payment discounts. Other income during 1995
consisted primarily of interest income and, to a lesser extent, deferred income
recognized on the sale of the Company's interest in Chorus Corporation.
Discontinued operations. In March 1995, the Company adopted a formal plan
to discontinue the night vision business. The Company sold its night vision
business to Litton Systems, Inc. in May 1995. Accordingly, the results of
operations data for the year ended December 31, 1995 reflects the night vision
business as a discontinued operation. Net revenues included in discontinued
operations for the year ended December 31, 1995 were $4.2 million.
Provision for income taxes. Income tax expense as a percentage of pretax
income was 35%, 56% and 36% in 1997, 1996 and 1995, respectively. The Company's
tax rate differs from the applicable statutory rates primarily due to
non-deductible expenses for acquired in-process research and development and
goodwill amortization, state income taxes, benefits from the Company's foreign
sales corporation and tax exempt interest income.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
The Company's operating activities in 1997 provided cash of $25.8 million
primarily due to net income of $12.5 million, an $8.4 million reduction in
accounts receivable, a $5.6 million increase in accrued payroll and other
liabilities, a $5.1 million increase in customer advances and $5.0 million of
depreciation and amortization, which were partially offset by an $8.5 million
increase in inventory and a $2.1 million increase in prepaid expense and other
assets.
Investing activities in 1997 used cash of $74.5 million primarily due to
the net purchase of $67.8 million of cash investments and the purchase of $6.1
million of property and equipment .
20
22
Financing activities in 1997 generated $51.1 million of cash primarily as a
result of $55.2 million in net proceeds from the sale by the Company of its
Convertible Notes and $1.0 million in proceeds from the sale of the Company's
stock to employees under the employee stock option and employee stock purchase
plans, which were partially offset by the repurchase of 475,000 shares of the
Company's common stock for $5.0 million under the Company's stock repurchase
plan.
At December 31, 1997, the Company had $71.1 million of cash, cash
equivalents and short term investments. In addition, the Company has a $10.0
million revolving line of credit which expires May 1, 1998. Borrowings bear
interest at prime rate or the LIBOR rate plus 175 basis points. The line of
credit agreement requires the Company to maintain certain financial ratios and
other financial conditions.
The Company intends to undertake approximately $4 million in capital
expenditures during the next 12 months. The Company believes the existing cash
and cash equivalent balances and credit facilities will be sufficient to meet
its cash requirements for at least the next twelve months. While operating
activities may provide cash in certain periods, to the extent the Company may
experience growth in the future, the Company anticipates that its operating and
investing activities may use cash and, consequently, such growth may require the
Company to obtain additional sources of financing. The Company may also from
time to time consider the acquisition of complementary businesses, products or
technologies, which may require additional financing.
YEAR 2000
The Company is currently evaluating the software and computer systems it
uses in order to ensure compliance with Year 2000 issues. This evaluation, and
any corrective actions required, is estimated to be completed no later than
December 31, 1998. The Company does not expect to encounter significant problems
or expect that material expenditures will be required to comply with Year 2000
issues. These expectations are based primarily on the fact that the Company
purchases all business software from third party vendors.
Specific actions to be taken include: reviewing all software used and
assessing the vendor's plans to comply with Year 2000; testing of all hardware
to ensure its ability to recognize dates after 1999; and contacting significant
suppliers to determine their ability to comply with Year 2000.
The expectations of the findings of this project and the date on which the
Company believes it will be completed are based on management's best estimates.
However, there can be no guarantee that these expectations will be achieved and
actual results could differ materially.
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23
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
INTEVAC, INC.
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
CONTENTS
PAGE
----
Report of Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Auditors..................................... 23
Consolidated Balance Sheets........................................................... 24
Consolidated Statements of Income..................................................... 25
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity....................................... 26
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows................................................. 27
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements............................................ 28
22
24
REPORT OF ERNST & YOUNG LLP, INDEPENDENT AUDITORS
The Board of Directors and Shareholders
Intevac, Inc.
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Intevac,
Inc. as of December 31, 1997 and 1996, and the related consolidated statements
of income, shareholders' equity and cash flows for each of the three years in
the period ended December 31, 1997. Our audits also included the financial
statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 14(a). These financial statements
and schedule are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our
responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and
schedule based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with generally accepted auditing
standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material
misstatements. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting
the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes
assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by
management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.
We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above
present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of
Intevac, Inc. at December 31, 1997 and 1996, and the consolidated results of its
operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended
December 31, 1997, in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles.
Also, in our opinion, the related financial statement schedule, when considered
in relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole, present fairly
in all material respects the information set forth therein.
ERNST & YOUNG LLP
San Jose, California
January 16, 1998
23
25
INTEVAC, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(IN THOUSANDS)
DECEMBER 31,
---------------------
1997 1996
-------- --------
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents................................................................. $ 3,338 $ 938
Short-term investments.................................................................... 67,804 --
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $1,505 and $1,024 at December 31, 1997 and 1996,
respectively............................................................................ 9,634 17,570
Inventories, including $8,259 and $6,735 at customers at December 31, 1997 and 1996,
respectively............................................................................ 35,915 25,666
Short-term note receivable, arising from the sale of the investment in Chorus Corporation,
net of allowances of $395 and $1,180 at December 31, 1997 and 1996, respectively........ -- --
Prepaid expenses and other current assets................................................. 641 507
Deferred tax assets....................................................................... 6,572 4,397
-------- --------
Total current assets............................................................... 123,904 49,078
Property, plant, and equipment, at cost:
Buildings and improvements................................................................ 6,212 2,872
Machinery and equipment................................................................... 13,875 10,269
-------- --------
20,087 13,141
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization............................................ 6,327 3,868
-------- --------
13,760 9,273
Investment in 601 California Avenue LLC..................................................... 2,431 2,431
Goodwill, net of amortization of $2,273 and $951 at December 31, 1997 and 1996,
respectively.............................................................................. 4,281 5,603
Other intangibles, net of amortization of $1,378 and $539 at December 31, 1997 and 1996,
respectively.............................................................................. 1,063 1,698
Debt issuance costs, net of amortization of $274............................................ 2,029 --
Deferred tax assets and other assets........................................................ 326 2
-------- --------
Total assets....................................................................... $147,794 $ 68,085
========= =========
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Notes payable............................................................................. $ -- $ 1,252
Accounts payable.......................................................................... 4,585 4,465
Accrued payroll and related liabilities................................................... 1,949 1,937
Accrued income taxes...................................................................... 3,605 799
Accrued product warranties................................................................ 2,561 2,266
Other accrued liabilities................................................................. 2,265 651
Book overdraft............................................................................ 1,873 559
Customer advances......................................................................... 28,247 20,702
Net liabilities of discontinued operations................................................ 794 600
-------- --------
Total current liabilities.......................................................... 45,879 33,231
Convertible notes........................................................................... 57,500 --
Other long-term debt........................................................................ 1,980 730
Deferred tax liability...................................................................... -- 388
Commitments and contingencies
Shareholders' equity:
Undesignated preferred stock, no par value, 10,000 shares authorized,
no shares issued and outstanding........................................................ -- --
Common stock, no par value:
Authorized shares -- 50,000
Issued and outstanding shares -- 12,154 and 12,449 at December 31, 1997 and 1996,
respectively........................................................................... 17,336 16,747
Retained earnings......................................................................... 25,099 16,989
-------- --------
Total shareholders' equity......................................................... 42,435 33,736
-------- --------
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity......................................... $147,794 $ 68,085
========= =========
See accompanying notes.
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26
INTEVAC, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE AMOUNTS)
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
--------------------------------
1997 1996 1995
-------- ------- -------
Net revenues:
Disk, flat panel, and other................................ $133,207 $88,232 $42,187
MBE........................................................ -- -- 695
-------- ------- -------
Total net revenues (includes related party revenues of $1,856
for the year ended December 31, 1995)...................... 133,207 88,232 42,882
Cost of net revenues:
Disk, flat panel, and other................................ 91,255 55,652 27,280
MBE........................................................ -- -- 434
-------- ------- -------
Total cost of net revenues................................... 91,255 55,652 27,714
-------- ------- -------
Gross profit................................................. 41,952 32,580 15,168
Operating expenses:
Research and development................................... 10,716 8,425 2,603
Selling, general, and administrative....................... 11,399 8,391 4,550
Acquired in-process research and development............... 299 5,835 --
-------- ------- -------
Total operating expenses..................................... 22,414 22,651 7,153
-------- ------- -------
Operating income............................................. 19,538 9,929 8,015
Interest expense............................................. (3,581) (175) (13)
Interest income.............................................. 2,270 662 644
Other income and expense, net................................ 998 907 298
-------- ------- -------
Income from continuing operations before income taxes........ 19,225 11,323 8,944
Provision for income taxes................................... 6,728 6,350 3,179
-------- ------- -------
Income from continuing operations............................ 12,497 4,973 5,765
Discontinued operations:
Loss from discontinued operations, net of applicable income
taxes................................................... -- -- (63)
Gain on disposal of discontinued operations including
provision of $2,622 for estimated closing, environmental
remediation and warranty costs, net of applicable income
taxes................................................... -- -- 1,398
-------- ------- -------
Income from discontinued operations.......................... -- -- 1,335
-------- ------- -------
Net income................................................... $ 12,497 $ 4,973 $ 7,100
======== ======= =======
Basic earnings per share:
Income from continuing operations.......................... $ 1.00 $ 0.40 $ 1.58
Net income................................................. $ 1.00 $ 0.40 $ 1.94
Shares used in per share amounts........................... 12,514 12,311 3,653
Diluted earnings per share:
Income from continuing operations.......................... $ 0.94 $ 0.39 $ 0.58
Net income................................................. $ 0.94 $ 0.39 $ 0.72
Shares used in per share amounts........................... 15,385 12,901 9,881
See accompanying notes.
25
27
INTEVAC, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
(IN THOUSANDS)
SERIES A
CONVERTIBLE
PREFERRED STOCK COMMON STOCK TOTAL
----------------- ---------------- RETAINED SHAREHOLDER'S
SHARES AMOUNT SHARES AMOUNT EARNINGS EQUITY
------- ------- ------ ------- -------- -------------
Balance at January 1, 1995....................... 13,020 $13,020 714 $ 104 $ 9,863 $22,987
Exchange of Series A Preferred Stock for common
stock....................................... (13,020) (13,020) 8,680 3,125 -- (9,895)
Common stock dividend.......................... -- -- -- -- (4,922) (4,922)
Redeemable Series 1 Preferred Stock dividend... -- -- -- -- (25) (25)
Sale of common stock under stock option plan... -- -- 557 174 -- 174
Repurchase of common stock under stock option
plan........................................ -- -- (3) (4) -- (4)
Sale of common stock through Initial Public
Offering.................................... -- -- 2,300 11,905 -- 11,905
Net income..................................... -- -- -- -- 7,100 7,100
------- ------- ------ ------- ------- -------
Balance at December 31, 1995..................... -- -- 12,248 15,304 12,016 27,320
Initial public offering costs ................. -- -- -- (7) -- (7)
Sale of common stock under stock option plan... -- -- 139 438 -- 438
Sale of common stock under employee stock
purchase plan .............................. -- -- 62 322 -- 322
Income tax benefits realized from activity in
employee stock plans........................ -- -- -- 690 -- 690
Net income..................................... -- -- -- -- 4,973 4,973
------- ------- ------ ------- ------- -------
Balance at December 31, 1996..................... -- -- 12,449 16,747 16,989 33,736
Sale of common stock under stock option plan... -- -- 37 106 -- 106
Sale of common stock under employee stock
purchase plan .............................. -- -- 143 850 -- 850
Repurchase of common stock..................... -- -- (475) (640) (4,387) (5,027)
Income tax benefits realized from activity in
employee stock plans........................ -- -- -- 273 -- 273
Net income..................................... -- -- -- -- 12,497 12,497
------- ------- ------ ------- ------- -------
Balance at December 31, 1997..................... -- $ -- 12,154 $17,336 $ 25,099 $42,435
======= ======= ====== ======= ======= =======
See accompanying notes.
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28
INTEVAC, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(IN THOUSANDS)
YEARS ENDING DECEMBER 31,
-----------------------------------
1997 1996 1995
--------- -------- --------
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Income from continuing operations.............................................. $ 12,497 $ 4,973 $ 5,765
Income from discontinued operations............................................ -- -- 1,335
-------- ------- -------
Net income..................................................................... 12,497 4,973 7,100
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash and cash equivalents provided
by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation................................................................. 2,588 1,354 883
Amortization of intangibles.................................................. 2,435 1,490 --
Acquired in-process research and development................................. 299 5,835 --
Gain on sale of Chorus investment............................................ (785) (593) --
Loss on IMAT investment...................................................... 144 -- --
Gain on disposition of discontinued operations............................... -- -- (1,398)
Loss on disposal of equipment................................................ 79 5 219
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable........................................................ 8,377 (12,344) 5,055
Inventory.................................................................. (8,494) (11,313) (9,116)
Prepaid expenses and other assets.......................................... (2,119) (1,132) 942
Accounts payable........................................................... (107) 1,464 1,276
Accrued payroll and other accrued liabilities.............................. 5,593 (284) 676
Customer advances.......................................................... 5,102 5,251 7,641
Discontinued operations -- non-cash changes and working capital changes.... 194 (380) (2,770)
-------- ------- -------
Total adjustments.............................................................. 13,306 (10,647) 3,408
-------- ------- -------
Net cash and cash equivalents provided by (used in) operating activities....... 25,803 (5,674) 10,508
INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Purchase of investments........................................................ (141,563) (2,571) (3,001)
Proceeds from sales and maturities of investments.............................. 73,759 2,571 7,080
Purchase of equipment.......................................................... (6,092) (3,854) (3,042)
Investment in Cathode Technology Corporation................................... -- (1,074) --
Investment in San Jose Technology Corporation.................................. -- (2,270) --
Investment in Lotus Technologies, Inc.......................................... -- (8,135) --
Investment in IMAT............................................................. (436) -- --
Investment in RPC Industries................................................... (955) -- --
Proceeds from sale of discontinued operations.................................. -- -- 7,546
Proceeds from sale of Chorus Investment........................................ 785 770 930
-------- ------- -------
Net cash and cash equivalents provided by (used in) investing activities....... (74,502) (14,563) 9,513
FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Notes payable and line of credit repayments.................................... (27) -- --
Proceeds from issuance of common stock......................................... 956 753 12,079
Repurchase of common stock..................................................... (5,027) -- (4)
Proceeds from convertible bond offering........................................ 55,197 -- --
Dividends on common stock...................................................... -- -- (4,922)
Dividends on redeemable Series 1 Preferred Stock............................... -- -- (25)
Exchange of Series A Preferred Stock for common stock.......................... -- -- (9,895)
Redemption of redeemable Series 1 Preferred Stock.............................. -- -- (6,100)
-------- ------- -------
Net cash and cash equivalents provided by (used in) financing activities....... 51,099 753 (8,867)
-------- ------- -------
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents........................... 2,400 (19,484) 11,154
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period............................... 938 20,422 9,268
-------- ------- -------
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period..................................... $ 3,338 $ 938 $ 20,422
======== ======= =======
Cash paid (received) for:
Interest..................................................................... $ 2,074 $ 149 $ --
Income taxes................................................................. 6,233 9,321 3,487
Income tax refund............................................................ -- (250) (727)
Other noncash changes:
Investment in Cathode Technology Corporation through assumption of notes
payable.................................................................... $ -- $ 1,980 $ --
Inventories capitalized for internal use..................................... 567 3,094 --
Income tax benefit realized from activity in employee stock plans............ 273 690 --
See accompanying notes.
27
29
INTEVAC, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. BUSINESS AND NATURE OF OPERATIONS
Intevac, Inc. ("Intevac" or the "Company") was formed in October 1990 for
the purpose of acquiring certain business assets and liabilities from Varian
Associates, Inc. ("Varian"). In February 1991, certain agreements were entered
into between Varian and the Company which provided for the transfer of the
assets and business of Varian's disk sputtering equipment business, night vision
device business and molecular beam epitaxy ("MBE") equipment business to
Intevac.
In October 1993, certain assets of the MBE business were exchanged for a
20% ownership in the outstanding stock of Chorus Corporation ("Chorus"), a
manufacturer of MBE products. The Company retained the rights to sell certain
residual assets of the MBE business not exchanged with Chorus Corporation.
Disposition of these assets was completed during the first quarter of 1995. In
the third quarter of 1995, the Company sold its investment interest in Chorus.
In 1994, the Company purchased certain assets from Aktis Corporation and
purchased certain patents from Baccarat Electronics, Inc. for $182,000 which
formed the genesis of its Rapid Thermal Processing Operation ("RTP"). RTP
developed a rapid thermal system for use in the production of flat panel
displays under Advanced Research Project Agency ("ARPA") contracts. RTP
delivered and sold its first RTP system in the first quarter of 1995 and has
sold a total of three systems through 1997.
In the second quarter of 1995, the Company completed the sale of its night
vision business to Litton Systems, Inc. for cash. The Company retained certain
engineering personnel from the night vision business as well as some government
contracts for research and development work in photocathodes, various
applications of that technology, and development of processes for making thin
film transistors with sputtered materials. This activity was organized with the
RTP business to form the Advanced Technology Division ("ATD"). ATD expects to
continue this type of work and will seek continued customer support for research
and development activities.
In the first quarter of 1996, the Company purchased all of the outstanding
stock of Cathode Technology Corporation ("Cathode"). Cathode designs and
manufactures magnetron sputter sources for use in the Company's disk sputtering
systems. In the second quarter of 1996, the Company purchased all of the
outstanding stock of San Jose Technology Corp. ("SJT"). SJT is a manufacturer of
systems used to lubricate thin film disks. Also in the second quarter of 1996,
the Company purchased all of the outstanding stock of Lotus Technologies, Inc.
("Lotus"). Lotus is a manufacturer of contact stop/start test equipment for disk
drives and drive components. All three of the acquisitions were accounted for
under the purchase method.
In the fourth quarter of 1997, the Company announced a reorganization which
included the formation of the Disk Equipment Business Unit and the Flat Panel
Display Equipment Division. The Disk Equipment Business Unit includes Intevac's
Vacuum System Division, the San Jose Technology Division and the Lotus
Technology Division. The Flat Panel Display Equipment Division includes
Intevac's D-Star line of sputtering equipment and Intevac's RTP operation. The
Advanced Technology Division was renamed the Photonics Technology Division and
will continue its work in developing leading edge products based on III-V
semiconductor technology.
In the fourth quarter of 1997, the Company purchased all of the assets of
RPC Industries ("RPC"). RPC is a manufacturer of electron beam processing
systems. This acquisition was accounted for under the purchase method. See Note
17 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
The Company is a leading supplier of static sputtering systems and related
manufacturing equipment used to manufacture thin-film disks for computer hard
disk drives. The Company's principal product, the MDP-250B system, enables disk
manufacturers to achieve high coercivity, high signal-to-noise ratios, minimal
disk defects, durability and uniformity, all of which are necessary in the
production of high performance, high capacity disks. The Company sells its
static sputtering systems to both captive and
28
30
INTEVAC, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
merchant thin film disk manufacturers. The Company sells and markets its
products directly in the United States, and through exclusive distributors in
Japan and Korea. The Company supports its customers in Southeast Asia through
its wholly owned subsidiaries in Singapore and Malaysia and a branch office in
Taiwan.
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Intevac and
its wholly owned subsidiaries. All inter-company transactions and balances have
been eliminated.
Revenue Recognition
Systems and components -- Revenues for disk sputtering systems and electron
beam processing systems are recognized upon customer acceptance. Revenue for
other systems and for system component sales is recognized upon shipment.
Service and Maintenance -- Service and maintenance contract revenue, which
to date has been insignificant, is recognized ratably over applicable contract
periods or as services are performed.
Technology Development -- The Company performs best efforts research and
development work under various research contracts. Revenue on these contracts is
recognized in accordance with contract terms, typically as costs are incurred.
These contracts cover such projects as developing a sputtering process for
thin film transistors, developing technology for rapid thermal processing of
glass substrates and developing of technology in the areas of EBCCD's, TE
photocathodes and Electron Beam Sources. Typically, for each contract, the
Company commits to perform certain research and development efforts up to an
agreed upon amount. In connection with these contracts, the Company receives
funding on an incremental basis up to a ceiling. Upon completion of each
contract, each party will typically receive certain rights to the technical and
computer software data developed under the contract. Some of these contracts are
cost-sharing in nature, where Intevac is reimbursed for a portion of the total
costs expended. In addition, the Company has, from time to time, negotiated with
a third party to fund a portion of the Company's costs in return for a joint
interest to the Company's rights at the end of the contract.
Net revenues and related cost of net revenues associated with these
contracts were $5,184,000 and $5,871,000 for 1997, respectively, $3,265,000 and
$3,758,000 for 1996, respectively and $1,210,000 and $1,358,000 for 1995,
respectively.
Warranty
The Company's standard warranty provides for warranty for 2,000 hours of
operation or up to twelve months from customer acceptance, whichever occurs
first. During this warranty period any necessary non-consumable parts are
supplied and installed. Non-system products are warranted for a period of up to
twenty four months from shipment. A provision for the estimated cost of warranty
is recorded upon customer acceptance for systems and upon shipment for
non-system products.
International Distribution Costs
The Company makes payments to agents and distributors under certain
agreements related to international sales in return for obtaining orders and
providing installation and warranty services. Certain of these payments to
agents and distributors are included in cost of net revenues. These amounts
totaled approximately $1,796,000, $3,743,000 and $1,866,000 for the years ended
December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995, respectively.
29
31
INTEVAC, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
Advertising Expenses
The Company accounts for advertising costs as expense in the period in
which they are incurred. Advertising expense for 1997, 1996 and 1995 were
insignificant.
Customer Advances
Customer advances generally represent nonrefundable deposits invoiced by
the Company in connection with receiving customer purchase orders and shipment
of the systems. Customer advances related to systems that have not been shipped
to customers included in accounts receivable represent $2,136,000 and $804,000
at December 31, 1997 and 1996, respectively.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of
three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents.
Short-term Investments
Short-term investments consist principally of high-quality debt instruments
with maturities between three and twelve months and are carried at fair value.
These investments are typically short-term in nature and therefore bear minimal
risk.
Management determines the appropriate classification of debt securities at
the time of purchase and reevaluates such designation as of each balance sheet
date. At December 31, 1997, all debt securities were classified as
available-for-sale under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 115
"Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities". Securities
classified as available-for-sale are reported at fair market value with the
related unrealized gains and losses included in retained earnings. Realized
gains and losses and declines in value judged to be other-than-temporary on
available-for-sale securities are included in other income and expenses. The
cost of securities sold is based on the specific identification method.
Cash and cash equivalents represent cash accounts and money market funds.
Short-term investments of $67,804,000 at December 31, 1997 consist of
investments in tax-exempt municipal bonds. Fair values are based on quoted
market prices. The amount of unrealized gain or loss was not significant for the
year ended December 31, 1997. Gross realized gains and losses for the year ended
December 31, 1997 were not significant.
Inventories
Inventories for systems and components are stated at the lower of standard
cost (which approximates actual cost on a first-in, first-out basis) or market.
Inventories consist of the following:
DECEMBER 31,
-----------------
1997 1996
------- -------
(IN THOUSANDS)
Raw materials...................................... $ 8,784 $ 6,953
Work-in-progress................................... 18,756 11,728
Finished goods..................................... 8,375 6,985
------- -------
$35,915 $25,666
======= =======
30
32
INTEVAC, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
Equipment and Leasehold Improvements
Equipment and leasehold improvements are carried at cost less allowances
for accumulated depreciation and amortization. Gains and losses on dispositions
are reflected in the statements of income.
Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated
useful lives of the assets, which are generally three to seven years for
machinery and equipment. Amortization of leasehold improvements is computed
using the shorter of the remaining terms of the leases or the estimated economic
useful lives of the improvements.
Intangible Assets
The Company amortizes intangible assets on a straight-line basis over the
estimated useful lives which range from 2 to 7 years.
Net income per share
In 1997, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Statement
No. 128, "Earnings per Share" ("SFAS 128"). SFAS 128 replaced the calculation of
primary and fully diluted earnings per share with basic and diluted earnings per
share. Unlike primary earnings per share, basic earnings per share excludes any
dilutive effects of options, warrants and convertible securities. Diluted
earnings per share is very similar to the previously reported fully diluted
earnings per share. All earnings per share amounts for all periods have been
presented and, where appropriate, restated to conform to the SFAS 128
requirements.
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted
earnings per share:
1997 1996 1995
------- ------ ------
Numerator:
Income from continuing operations................. $12,497 $4,973 $5,765
======= ====== ======
Net income........................................ $12,497 $4,973 $7,100
======= ====== ======
Numerator for basic earnings per share -- income
available to common stockholders............... 12,497 4,973 7,100
Effect of dilutive securities:
6 1/2% convertible notes....................... 1,911 -- --
------- ------ ------
Numerator for diluted earnings per share -- income
available to common stockholders after assumed
conversions.................................... $14,408 $4,973 $7,100
======= ====== ======
Denominator:
Denominator for basic earnings per share --
weighted-average shares........................ 12,514 12,311 3,653
Effect of dilutive securities:
Employee stock options......................... 527 590 152
6 1/2% convertible notes....................... 2,344 -- --
Series A convertible preferred shares.......... -- -- 6,076
------- ------ ------
Dilutive potential common shares.................. 2,871 590 6,228
------- ------ ------
Denominator for diluted earnings per
share -- adjusted weighted-average shares and
assumed conversions............................ 15,385 12,901 9,881
======= ====== ======
Dividends paid to Series 1 preferred stockholders through the redemption of
the Series 1 Preferred Stock in the third quarter of 1995 were $25,000. The
impact on net income per share and net income applicable to common stock was not
material.
31
33
INTEVAC, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
Employee Stock Plans
The Company accounts for its stock option plans and its employee stock
purchase plan in accordance with provisions of the Accounting Principles Board's
Opinion No. 25 (APB 25), "Accounting For Stock Issued to Employees." In 1995,
the FASB released the Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 123 ("SFAS
123"), "Accounting for Stock Based Compensation." SFAS 123 provides an
alternative to APB 25 and is effective for fiscal years beginning after December
15, 1995. The Company is continuing to account for its employee stock plans in
accordance with the provisions of APB 25. Under APB 25, because the exercise
prices of the Company's stock options equal the market prices of the underlying
stock on the date of grant, no compensation expense is recognized.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principals requires management to make estimates and
assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and
disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial
statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting
period. Actual results inevitably will differ from those estimates, and such
differences may be material to the financial statements.
Financial Presentation
Certain prior year amounts on the Consolidated Financial Statements have
been reclassified to conform to the 1997 presentation.
New Accounting Pronouncements
In June 1997, the FASB issued Statement Number 130, "Reporting
Comprehensive Income". This statement requires that all items that are be
required to be recognized under accounting standards as components of
comprehensive income be reported in a financial statement that is displayed with
the same prominence as other financial statements. This statement is effective
for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 1997, and will be adopted by the
Company for the year ended December 31, 1998.
In June 1997, the FASB issued Statement Number 131, "Disclosures about
Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information" ("SFAS 131"). SFAS 131
establishes standards for the way that public companies report information about
operating segments in annual financial statements and requires that those
companies report selected information about operating segments in interim
financial reports issued to shareholders. It also establishes standards for
related disclosures about products and services, geographic areas, and major
customers. SFAS 131 is effective for financial statements for fiscal years
beginning after December 15, 1997, and will be adopted by the Company for the
year ended December 31, 1998. The adoption of SFAS 131 will have no impact on
the Company's consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash
flows.
3. CONCENTRATIONS
Credit Risk and Significant Customers
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant
concentrations of credit risk consist of cash equivalents and accounts
receivable. The Company generally invests its excess cash in money market funds
and in variable rate municipal bonds, which have contracted maturities within
one year. By policy, the Company's investments in commercial paper, certificates
of deposit, Eurodollar time deposits, or bankers acceptances are rated A1/P1, or
better. Investments in tax exempt or tax advantaged instruments, such as
variable rate municipal bonds are rated A, or better. To date, the Company has
not incurred losses related to these investments.
32
34
INTEVAC, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
The Company operates primarily in one business segment (subsequent to the
discontinuance of the night vision business), which is to design, manufacture,
and sell capital equipment used in high technology manufacturing and research
activities. Historically, a significant portion of the Company's revenues in any
particular period have been attributable to sales to a limited number of
customers. The Company performs credit evaluations of its customers' financial
conditions and requires deposits on system orders but does not generally require
collateral or other security to support customer receivables. Matsubo, HMT
Technology and Trace Storage Technology accounted for 37%, 17% and 15%
respectively, of the Company's net revenues during 1997. Matsubo, Seagate and
HMT Technology accounted for 32%, 32% and 13% respectively, of the Company's
total net revenues during 1996. Seagate, HMT Technology and Matsubo accounted
for 40%, 20% and 17%, respectively, of the Company's total net revenues during
1995. The Company's largest customers purchase disk-sputtering systems and
change from period to period as thin-film disk fabrication facilities are built
or expanded.
Products
Disk sputtering equipment contributed a significant portion of the
Company's revenues and profits in 1997. The Company expects that its ability to
maintain or expand its current levels of revenues and profits in the future will
depend upon its success in enhancing its existing systems and developing and
manufacturing competitive disk sputtering equipment and its success in
developing other products such as flat panel display equipment and EO devices.
Markets
The market for the Company's products is characterized by rapid
technological developments, evolving industry standards, changes in customer
requirements, new product introductions and enhancements. The market for disk
sputtering systems is primarily dependent upon the decision of a prospective
customer to replace obsolete equipment or to increase manufacturing capacity by
upgrading or expanding existing manufacturing facilities or constructing new
manufacturing facilities, all of which typically involve a significant capital
commitment. In addition, the cyclicality of the disk drive industry, among other
factors, may cause prospective customers to postpone decisions regarding major
capital expenditures, including purchases of the Company's systems.
Materials
In certain instances, the Company is dependent upon a sole supplier or a
limited number of suppliers, or has qualified only a single or limited number of
suppliers, for certain complex components or sub-assemblies utilized in its
products. The Company has implemented a key supplier program in which it
appoints certain key vendors as sole suppliers for certain parts with the goal
of improving response time and reducing costs. In addition, the Company makes
extensive use of suppliers serving the semiconductor equipment business and such
suppliers may choose to give priority to their semiconductor equipment customers
that are much larger than the Company. Any prolonged inability to obtain
adequate deliveries could require the Company to pay more for inventory, parts
and other supplies, seek alternative sources of supply, delay its ability to
ship its products and damage relationships with current and prospective
customers. Any such delay or damage could have a material adverse effect on the
Company's business, financial condition and results of operations.
Inventories
Given the volatility of the market, the Company makes inventory provisions
for potentially excess and obsolete inventory based on backlog and forecasted
demand. However, such backlog demand is subject to revisions, cancellations, and
rescheduling. Actual demand will inevitably differ from such anticipated demand,
and such differences may have a material effect on the financial statements.
33
35
INTEVAC, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
Competition
The Company experiences intense competition worldwide from two principal
competitors, each of which has substantially greater financial, technical,
marketing, manufacturing and other resources than the Company. There can be no
assurance that the Company's competitors will not develop enhancements to, or
future generations of, competitive products that will offer superior price or
performance features or that new competitors will not enter the Company's
markets and develop such enhanced products. Because of these competitive
factors, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to compete
successfully in the future. Increased competitive pressure could cause the
Company to lower prices for its products, thereby adversely affecting the
Company's business, financial condition and results of operations.
Export Net Revenues
Export net revenues by geographic region were as follows (in thousands):
YEAR ENDED REST OF
DECEMBER 31, FAR EAST WORLD TOTAL
------------- -------- ------- -------
1997......................................... $ 84,729 $ 6 $84,735
1996......................................... 36,315 57 36,372
1995......................................... 7,954 723 8,677
Export sales in 1996 do not include systems purchased by domestic
corporations, but delivered to international locations. Those shipments
accounted for approximately 28% of revenue in 1996. Export sales are likely to
continue to account for a substantial portion of net revenues in the future.
Sales and operating activities outside of the United States are subject to
certain inherent risks, including fluctuations in the value of the United States
dollar relative to foreign currencies, tariffs, quotas, taxes and other market
barriers, political and economic instability, restrictions on the export or
import of technology, potentially limited intellectual property protection,
difficulties in staffing and managing international operations and potentially
adverse tax consequences. There can be no assurance that any of these factors
will not have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial
condition or results of operations. In particular, although the Company's export
sales have been denominated in United States dollars, such sales and expenses
may not be denominated in dollars in the future, and currency exchange
fluctuations in countries where the Company does business could materially
adversely affect the Company's business, financial condition and results of
operations.
4. DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS
In 1992, the Company was notified by the U.S. Army that the night vision
business had not been awarded the next phase of a significant production
contract that was critical to the business.
In the first quarter of 1995, the Company adopted a formal plan to
discontinue the operations of its night vision business. Accordingly, the
consolidated statements of operations and cash flows for all periods presented
reflect the night vision operations as discontinued. In the second quarter of
1995, the Company sold its night vision business to Litton Systems, Inc. for
cash of $7,546,000. The terms of the sale of the night vision business required
the Company to indemnify Litton Systems, Inc. for certain potential warranty and
environmental claims. In connection with this sale, the Company recorded a net
gain on disposal of $2,254,000 ($1,398,000 after tax) as follows:
Gain on sale, less applicable income taxes of $1,007,000......... $1,645,000
Operating losses from April 1, 1995 to May 5, 1995, net of
applicable benefit from income taxes of $151,000............... (247,000)
----------
$1,398,000
==========
34
36
INTEVAC, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
In connection with this sale, the Company reduced the gain by a charge of
$2,622,000 ($1,626,000 after tax) for costs associated with the sale. The
significant components of this charge included $795,000 for warranty costs,
$680,000 for estimated environmental remediation costs associated with the site
of the night vision operations, and $476,000 for write-offs of certain prepaid
expenses and other assets. Remediation efforts were largely completed in 1996.
Warranty on all products shipped by the business expired in November 1997.
Intevac has requested Litton to provide a final accounting of the warranty
activity, as they are obligated to under the terms of the sale. The remaining
accrual associated with closing the business is $789,000 at December 31, 1997.
Although management believes that the reserves remaining will cover any
obligations the Company may have, with respect to the night vision operations
and its occupancy of the Palo Alto site, there can be no assurance that such
reserves will be adequate, or that there will not be a material impact in the
near term on the financial statements presented.
Net revenues of the night vision business included in discontinued
operations were $4,221,000 for the year ended December 31, 1995. The loss from
discontinued operations was net of a benefit for income taxes of $163,000 for
the year ended December 31, 1995.
5. INVESTMENT IN 601 CALIFORNIA AVENUE LLC
In the third quarter of 1995, the Company entered into a Limited Liability
Company Operating Agreement ("the Operating Agreement"), which expires December
31, 2015, with 601 California Avenue LLC (the "LLC"), a California limited
liability company formed and owned by the Company and certain shareholders of
the Company. The LLC was formed for the purpose of removing the buildings,
remediation and the development of an office building at the site of the
Company's discontinued night vision business (the "Site"). Under the Operating
Agreement, the Company transferred its leasehold interest in the Site in
exchange for a preferred share in the LLC, having an aggregate liquidation
preference equal to $3,900,000 (unaudited), and the remaining shareholders of
the LLC contributed cash of approximately $1,053,000 (unaudited). The Company's
preferred share votes with the common shares and has one vote out of 753, except
for votes on the sale, transfer or lease of the Site, the LLC or changes to the
rights of the preferred share as to which approval of the holder of the
preferred share is required. The leasehold interest in the Site is with the
Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University ("Stanford"). The
leasehold interest is fully paid and expires in the year 2053. The fair market
value of the leasehold interest in the Site was determined by an independent
appraiser to be $3,900,000 (unaudited). The Company is accounting for the
investment under the cost recovery method and has recorded its investment in the
LLC at approximately $2,431,000, which represents the Company's historical
carrying value of the leasehold interest in the Site which the Company believes
is less than the net realizable value. The Company and the LLC have cross-
indemnified each other for potential environmental claims relating to acts prior
to and subsequent to the transfer of the Site, respectively. Per the Operating
Agreement, the Company is not required to contribute additional capital to the
LLC. The preferred share in the LLC accrues an annual 10% cumulative preferred
return. The cumulative preferred return is not payable until the property is
developed and generating positive operating cash flow, which among other
factors, is dependent on the LLC obtaining additional financing, performing site
environmental remediation for which Varian has made certain indemnifications,
developing the Site, and negotiating a favorable lease(s).
During 1996, the buildings on the Site were remediated, closed and
demolished, the LLC formed a joint venture with Stanford ("Stanford JV") to
develop the property, the Stanford JV received approval from the City of Palo
Alto for its redevelopment plans, and the Stanford JV signed an 11-year lease
with a tenant for 75% of the square footage of the proposed redevelopment. In
1997, construction began on the office building, and the Stanford JV signed an
amendment to the 11-year lease with the tenant for the remaining 25% of the
available square footage (unaudited).
35
37
INTEVAC, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
6. EQUITY METHOD INVESTMENTS
Chorus Corporation
In 1993, the Company sold its MBE operations and acquired 20% of the
outstanding capital stock of Chorus, a manufacturer of MBE products. The
investment is accounted for under the equity method. The net effect of the
Company's share of Chorus' net income is included in other income and expense,
net and was $165,000 for the year ended December 31, 1995. The Company retained
the rights to sell certain other residual used systems of the MBE business that
were not exchanged with Chorus. The sale of these used systems was completed
during the first quarter of 1995.
In the third quarter of 1995, the Company sold its 20% investment interest
in Chorus, which represented 1,250,000 shares of Chorus stock to an individual
for $500,000 in cash and a note for $2,380,000. This note, which was amended in
1997, bears interest at 12.5% per year with principal and interest payable in
installments through August 1998. The note is secured by 1,033,000 shares of
Chorus stock. The sales price of the Chorus stock exceeded the net carrying
value of the Company's investment in Chorus by approximately $1,800,000. Due to
the inherent uncertainties regarding the performance of an individual making the
remaining installment payments on the note, the Company deferred the gain on the
sale and is recognizing it under the cost-recovery method. Under the
cost-recovery method, no profit is recognized until cash payments by the
individual buyer, including principal and interest on debt due to the Company,
exceed the Company's net carrying value of its investment. The December 31, 1997
note receivable reserve of approximately $395,000 represents the deferred gain
under the cost-recovery method.
IMAT Inc.
On June 27, 1997, the Company entered into an agreement with Matsubo to
form a joint venture responsible for the sales and service of Intevac's flat
panel display equipment in Japan and other Asian countries. The Company invested
$436,000 for 49% of the voting stock of the joint venture. The joint venture is
being accounted for under the equity method. Gains and losses related to the
Company's share of the joint venture are reflected in other income and expense,
net on the consolidated statements of income. The Company's equity in the net
loss of IMAT, Inc. was $89,000 in 1997.
7. LINE OF CREDIT
In April 1997, the Company entered into a Business Loan Agreement with a
bank which provides for a total of $10.0 million in available borrowings. This
agreement replaces the Company's prior line of credit. The agreement is for a
revolving line of credit, which is available until May 1, 1998, when the
outstanding principal will be payable. The line of credit bears interest, at the
option of the Company, at the prime rate, or the London Interbank Offering Rate
("LIBOR") plus 175 basis points. Interest on outstanding advances is due
monthly. For LIBOR advances the interest period can be one, three or six months.
In the event of default, interest on the outstanding loan increases to 4.00%
above the interest rate applicable immediately prior to the default.
The Loan Agreement was amended in July and November to allow the repurchase
of up to $15,000,000 of the outstanding common stock of the Company. The Company
is required to maintain certain financial conditions including restrictions on
its ability to pay any dividends.
As of December 31, 1997, the Company had secured its $1,955,000 note
related to the purchase of Cathode with a stand-by letter of credit under its
Business Loan Agreement. No additional amounts were outstanding under the
agreement at December 31, 1997.
36
38
INTEVAC, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
8. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Commitments
The Company leases certain facilities under non-cancelable operating leases
that expire at various times up to 2002. The facility leases require the Company
to pay for all normal maintenance costs. The lease for the primary facility in
Santa Clara includes an option to extend the lease for an additional five-year
period.
Future minimum rental payments under these leases at December 31, 1997 are
as follows (in thousands):
1998................................ $2,701
1999................................ 2,575
2000................................ 2,406
2001................................ 2,207
2002................................ 535
Gross rental expense was approximately $2,492,000, $1,166,000 and $675,000
for the years ended December 31, 1997, 1996, and 1995, respectively. Offsetting
rental expense for the periods ending December 31, 1997 and 1995 was sublease
income of $69,000 and $14,000, respectively.
Contingencies
In August 1993, Rockwell International Corporation ("Rockwell") sued the
Federal government alleging infringement of certain patent rights with respect
to the contracts the Federal government has had with a number of companies,
including Intevac. The Federal government has notified the Company that it may
be liable in connection with contracts for certain products from the Company's
discontinued night vision business. In the first quarter of 1997, Rockwell's
patent in suit was held invalid. Rockwell has appealed that decision. These
issues are now pending before the appellate court.
9. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLAN
In 1991, the Company established a defined contribution retirement plan
with 401(k) plan features. The plan covers all United States employees eighteen
years and older. Employees may make contributions by a percentage reduction in
their salaries, not to exceed the statutorily prescribed annual limit. The
Company made contributions of $174,000, $109,000 and $112,000 for the years
ended December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995, respectively. Administrative expenses
relating to the plan are insignificant.
10. LONG-TERM DEBT
In 1996, the Company issued notes related to the purchase of Cathode. The
notes bear interest at 5.58% compounded monthly and payable quarterly. Principal
payments on the note are made quarterly based on unit sales of the Cathode
sputter sources. Any remaining balance on the notes on January 24, 2001 is due
in full regardless of sputter source sales.
11. CONVERTIBLE NOTES
During the first quarter of 1997, the Company completed an offering of
$57.5 million of its 6-1/2% Convertible Subordinated Notes, which mature on
March 1, 2004. Interest is payable to the note holders on each March 1st and
September 1st. The notes are convertible into shares of the Company's common
stock at $20.625 per share. Expenses associated with the offering of
approximately $2.3 million are deferred. Such expenses are being amortized to
interest expense over the term of the notes.
37
39
INTEVAC, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
12. SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
The Company's Articles of Incorporation authorizes 10,000,000 shares of
Preferred Stock. The Board of Directors has the authority to issue the Preferred
Stock in one or more series and to fix the price, rights, preferences,
privileges and restrictions thereof, including dividend rights, dividend rates,
conversion rights, voting rights, terms of redemption, redemption prices,
liquidation preferences and the number of shares constituting any series or the
designation of such series, without further vote or action by the shareholders.
Stock Option/Stock Issuance Plans
The Board of Directors approved the 1991 Stock Option/Stock Issuance Plan
(the "1991 Plan") in 1991. The maximum number of shares that may be issued over
the term of the 1991 Plan is 2,666,667 shares.
The 1991 Plan is divided into two separate components: the Option Grant
Program and the Stock Issuance Program. Under the Option Grant Program, the
Company may grant either incentive stock options or nonqualified options or
implement stock appreciation rights provisions at the discretion of the Board of
Directors. Exercisability, option price, and other terms are determined by the
Board of Directors, but the option price shall not be less than 85% and 100% of
the fair market value for nonqualified options and incentive stock options,
respectively, as determined by the Board of Directors.
In 1995, the Board of Directors approved adoption of (i) the 1995 Stock
Option/Stock Issuance Plan under which employees, nonemployee directors, and
consultants may be granted stock options to purchase stock or issued shares of
stock at not less than 85% of fair market value on the grant/issuance date; and
(ii) the Employee Stock Purchase Plan. The 1995 Stock Option/Stock Issuance Plan
is intended to serve as the successor equity incentive program to the Company's
1991 Stock Option/Stock Issuance Plan. 1,882,013 shares of common stock have
been authorized for issuance, comprised of the shares which remain available for
issuance under the 1991 Stock Option/Stock Issuance Plan, including the shares
subject to outstanding options and an additional increase of approximately
515,000 shares. Options granted under the 1995 Stock Option/Stock Issuance Plan
are exercisable upon vesting and generally vest over a five-year period. Options
currently expire no later than ten years from the date of grant.
Options granted under the 1991 Stock Option/Stock Issuance Plan are
immediately exercisable, however, unexercised options and shares purchased upon
the exercise of the options are subject to vesting over a five-year period.
Shares that are not vested may be repurchased by the Company. Options to
purchase 374,688, 167,438 and 129,135 shares were vested at December 31, 1997,
1996 and 1995, respectively. Shares totaling 10,002, 21,750 and 50,667 were
subject to repurchase at December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995, respectively.
Pro forma information regarding net income and earnings per share is
required by SFAS 123, which also requires that the information be determined as
if the Company has accounted for its employee stock options granted subsequent
to December 31, 1994 under the fair value method of this Statement. The fair
value for these options was estimated at the date of grant using a Black-Scholes
multiple option pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions
for 1995, 1996 and 1997, respectively: risk-free interest rates ranging from
5.32% to 6.25%, from 5.26% to 6.37% and from 5.36% to 6.10%; dividend yields of
0.0%, 0.0% and 0.0%; volatility factors of the expected market price of the
Company's common stock of 0.67, 0.67 and 0.70; and a weighted-average expected
life of the option of 0.25 years beyond each respective vesting period. Options
granted prior to the Company's Initial Public Offering in November 1995 have a
volatility factor of 0.0%.
The Black-Scholes option valuation model was developed for use in
estimating the fair value of traded options which have no vesting restrictions
and are fully transferable. In addition, option models require the input of
highly subjective assumptions including the expected stock price volatility.
Because the Company's employee stock options have characteristics significantly
different from those of traded options, and because changes in the subjective
assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimate, in management's
opinion,
38
40
INTEVAC, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
the existing models do not necessarily provide a reliable single measure of the
fair value of its employee stock options.
Under the 1995 Employee Stock Purchase Plan as amended in 1997, the Company
is authorized to issue up to 500,000 shares of common stock to participating
employees. Under the terms of the Plan, employees can choose to have up to 10%
of their annual base earnings withheld to purchase the Company's common stock.
The purchase price of the stock is 85% of the lower of the subscription date
fair market value and the purchase date fair market value. Approximately 80% of
eligible employees have participated in the Plan. Under the Plan, the Company
sold 142,735 and 62,467 shares to employees in 1997 and 1996, respectively. The
Company does not recognize compensation cost related to employee purchase rights
under the Plan. To comply with the pro forma reporting requirements of FAS 123,
compensation cost is estimated for the fair value of the employees' purchase
rights using the Black-Scholes model with the following assumptions for those
rights granted in 1995, 1996 and 1997, respectively: risk-free interest rates of
5.77%, 5.77% and 6.10%; dividend yield of 0.0%, 0.0% and 0.0%; expected
volatility of 0.67, 0.67 and 0.70; and an expected life ranging up to 2.2 years
(the offering period ends January 31, 1998 for all subscription periods). The
weighted average fair value of those purchase rights granted in November 1995,
February 1996, August 1996, February 1997 and August 1997 were $3.311, $4.142,
$6.067, $8.081 and $4.503, respectively.
Had compensation cost for the Company's stock-based compensation plans been
determined based on the fair value at the grant dates for awards under those
plans consistent with the method of SFAS 123, the Company's net income and
earnings per share would have been reduced to the pro forma amounts indicated
below:
1997 1996 1995
------- ------ ------
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE
DATA)
Pro forma net income................ $10,742 $3,797 $6,980
Pro forma earnings per share
Basic............................. $ 0.86 $ 0.31 $ 1.91
Diluted........................... $ 0.82 $ 0.29 $ 0.71
Because SFAS 123 is applicable only to options granted subsequent to
December 31, 1994, its pro forma effect will not be fully reflected until 1999.
A summary of the Company's stock option activity and related information
for the years ended December 31 follows:
1997 1996 1995
---------------------------- ---------------------------- ----------------------------
WEIGHTED-AVERAGE WEIGHTED-AVERAGE WEIGHTED-AVERAGE
OPTIONS EXERCISE PRICE OPTIONS EXERCISE PRICE OPTIONS EXERCISE PRICE
---------- ---------------- ---------- ---------------- ---------- ----------------
Outstanding -- beginning
of year................. 1,265,942 $ 7.91 931,637 $ 4.25 797,144 $ 0.53
Granted................. 448,000 12.38 585,000 12.13 707,980 5.28
Exercised............... (37,728) 2.91 (138,444) 3.16 (556,822) 0.31
Forfeited............... (102,501) 16.05 (112,251) 5.43 (16,665) 1.28
Outstanding -- end of
year.................... 1,573,713 8.77 1,265,942 7.91 931,637 4.25
Exercisable at end of
year.................... 748,378 $ 5.79 667,942 $ 4.40 888,637 $ 4.16
Weighted-average fair
value of options granted
during the year......... $ 6.14 $ 5.87 $ 1.01
39
41
INTEVAC, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
OUTSTANDING AND EXERCISABLE BY PRICE RANGE AS OF DECEMBER 31, 1997
OPTIONS OUTSTANDING OPTIONS EXERCISABLE
----------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------
NUMBER WEIGHTED AVERAGE WEIGHTED NUMBER WEIGHTED
RANGE OF OUTSTANDING AS OF REMAINING AVERAGE EXERCISABLE AS OF AVERAGE
EXERCISE PRICES DECEMBER 31, 1997 CONTRACTUAL LIFE EXERCISE PRICE DECEMBER 31, 1997 EXERCISE PRICE
--------------- ----------------- ---------------- -------------- ----------------- --------------
$ 0.150 - $ 2.175 211,891 6.07 yrs $ 1.45 211,891 $ 1.45
$ 6.000 - $ 6.000 423,823 7.61 yrs $ 6.00 413,823 $ 6.00
$ 7.500 - $ 7.625 260,000 8.25 yrs $ 7.62 51,666 $ 7.60
$10.000 - $11.000 234,500 9.88 yrs $10.04 1,200 $11.00
$11.625 - $15.125 224,000 9.06 yrs $12.79 24,200 $11.63
$15.500 - $21.250 219,499 8.79 yrs $17.08 45,598 $18.73
--------- -------- ------ ------- ------
$ 0.150 - $21.250 1,573,713 8.22 yrs $ 8.77 748,378 $ 5.79
13. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Kaiser Aerospace & Electronics Corporation ("Kaiser") is a related party
resulting from their stock interest in the Company. Kaiser owned approximately
46%, 45% and 46% of the outstanding common stock at December 31, 1997, 1996 and
1995, respectively. Varian was a related party until August 1995 when the
nonvoting preferred stock was redeemed.
The Company had system and product sales to Varian of $1,844,000 for the
year ended December 31, 1995. The Company has been a subcontractor to Kaiser on
certain government contracts and recognized revenues of approximately $12,000
for the year ended December 31, 1995. Gross margins on these contracts were
insignificant. In 1995, final settlement was reached on a cost-type contract,
which resulted in the Company receiving $12,000 from Kaiser. The Company has not
been a subcontractor to Kaiser during 1997 or 1996.
Gross margins realized on related party transactions have not been
materially different from the gross margins realized on similar types of
transactions with unaffiliated customers.
14. INCOME TAXES
The provision for income taxes attributable to continuing operations
consists of the following (in thousands):
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
--------------------------
1997 1996 1995
------ ------ ------
Federal:
Current........................................ $7,640 $5,761 $2,853
Deferred....................................... (2,274) (292) (109)
------ ------ ------
5,366 5,469 2,744
State:
Current........................................ 1,655 1,362 99
Deferred....................................... (293) (481) 336
------ ------ ------
1,362 881 435
------ ------ ------
Total.................................. $6,728 $6,350 $3,179
====== ====== ======
The tax benefits associated with exercises of nonqualified stock options
and disqualifying dispositions of stock acquired through the incentive stock
option and employee stock purchase plans reduce taxes currently
40
42
INTEVAC, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
payable for 1997 and 1996 as shown above by $273,000 and $690,000, respectively.
Such benefits are credited to additional paid-in capital when realized.
Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences
between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting
purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Significant components of
the Company's deferred tax assets computed in accordance with SFAS 109 are as
follows (in thousands):
DECEMBER 31,
-----------------
1997 1996
------ ------
Deferred tax assets:
Discontinued operations reserve.......................... $ 329 $ 316
Vacation accrual......................................... 466 333
Warranty reserve......................................... 1,067 1,011
Bad debt reserve......................................... 639 447
Inventory valuation...................................... 3,435 2,110
Other.................................................... 1,072 512
------ ------
Total deferred tax assets........................ $7,008 $4,729
------ ------
Deferred tax liabilities:
Purchased technology..................................... $ 254 $ 569
Other.................................................... 178 151
------ ------
Total deferred tax liabilities................... $ 432 $ 720
------ ------
Net deferred tax assets.................................... $6,576 $4,009
====== ======
A reconciliation of the income tax provision at the federal statutory rate
of 35% to the income tax provision at the effective tax rate is as follows (in
thousands):
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
----------------------------
1997 1996 1995
------ ------ ------
Income taxes computed at the federal statutory
rate........................................... $6,729 $3,963 $3,130
State taxes (net of federal benefit)............. 885 573 283
Acquired in-process research and development..... -- 2,042 --
Foreign Sales Corporation benefit................ (840) (525) (140)
Tax exempt income................................ (700) (56) (92)
Goodwill amortization............................ 463 335 --
Other............................................ 191 18 (2)
------ ------ ------
Total.................................. $6,728 $6,350 $3,179
====== ====== ======
The Company's effective tax rates for the years ended December 31, 1997,
1996 and 1995 were 35.0%, 56.1%, and 35.5%, respectively.
15. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COST SHARING AGREEMENT
The Company entered into an agreement with a Japanese company to perform
best efforts joint research and development work. The nature of the project is
to develop a glass coating machine to be used in the production of flat panel
displays. The Company was for funded one-half of the actual costs of the project
up to a ceiling of $6,750,000. At December 31, 1997, the Company had received
$6,750,000 under the contract. Qualifying costs of approximately $3,164,000,
$3,283,000 and $1,958,000 for the years ended December 31, 1997, 1996, and 1995,
respectively, were incurred on this project, resulting in offsets against
research and
41
43
INTEVAC, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
development costs of approximately $1,300,000, $1,347,000 and $1,130,000 in
1997, 1996 and 1995, respectively.
As of December 31, 1997 all of the $6,750,000 advance had been applied to
qualifying costs. The Company and its Japanese partner are discussing further
joint development work on the project. There can be no assurance that the
Company and its development partner will reach agreement on further joint
funding or cooperation.
Upon completion of the research and development work, if successful, each
party will receive certain manufacturing and marketing rights for separate
regions of the world. The agreement also calls for certain royalty payments by
each party to the other party, based on production and sales. The royalty rate
will be 5% for each party.
16. QUARTERLY CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED)
The 1996 and first three quarters of 1997 earnings per share amounts have
been restated to comply with SFAS 128.
THREE MONTHS ENDED
-------------------------------------------------
MARCH 29, JUNE 28, SEPT. 27, DEC. 31,
1997 1997 1997 1997
--------- -------- --------- --------
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT FOR PER SHARE DATA)
Net sales.......................... $31,141 $ 33,763 $ 30,350 $ 37,953
Gross profit....................... 10,144 10,141 9,164 12,503
Net income......................... 3,416 3,577 1,931 3,573
Basic earnings per share........... $ 0.27 $ 0.29 $ 0.15 $ 0.29
Diluted earnings per share......... 0.26 0.26 0.15 0.27
THREE MONTHS ENDED
-------------------------------------------------
MARCH 30, JUNE 29, SEPT. 28, DEC. 31,
1996 1996 1996 1996
--------- -------- --------- --------
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT FOR PER SHARE DATA)
Net sales.......................... $15,126 $ 20,235 $ 24,603 $ 28,268
Gross profit....................... 5,923 8,007 8,560 10,090
Net income (loss).................. 1,897 (3,225) 2,799 3,502
Basic earnings per share........... $ 0.16 $ (0.26) $ 0.23 $ 0.28
Diluted earnings per share......... 0.15 (0.26) 0.22 0.27
17. ACQUISITIONS
On November 21, 1997, the Company completed the acquisition of the assets
of RPC. The total purchase price was $1,004,000 plus contingent payments equal
to 25% of the future earnings of RPC. The total of these contingent payments is
limited to approximately $7.7 million. Acquisition costs were $56,000. Current
technology of $94,000 and $110,000 assigned to assembled workforce related to
the RPC acquisition are both being amortized over 7 years. Accumulated
amortization at December 31, 1997 is $2,000. Acquired in process research and
development of $299,000 was written off immediately.
42
44
INTEVAC, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
Results for RPC are included in the Consolidated Statements of Income
beginning in December 1997. The following unaudited pro forma information
assumes the acquisition occurred at the beginning of each year presented:
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
-------------------------
1997 1996
---------- ---------
Net sales..................................... $137,054 $98,704
Net income.................................... 10,608 4,450
Earnings per share:
Basic....................................... $ 0.82 $ 0.36
Diluted..................................... $ 0.82 $ 0.34
The pro forma information excludes the $0.3 million write-off of acquired
in process research and development.
18. SUBSEQUENT EVENT (UNAUDITED)
On March 2, 1998, as a result of weak demand for its disk sputtering
systems, the Company announced a plan to reduce expenses. The expense reduction
plan includes a reduction in force of approximately 20% of the Company's staff
of contract and regular employees. The reductions will take place at the
Company's facilities in Santa Clara, CA; Los Gatos, CA; Rocklin, CA; and in
Taiwan. Additionally, the Company intends to relocate its Rapid Thermal
Processing Operation from Rocklin to the Company's Santa Clara headquarters, and
to close the Rocklin facility.
During the first quarter of 1998, the Company will incur a restructuring
charge of approximately $1 million related to closure of the Rocklin facility
and employee severance costs. Closure of the facility is expected to be complete
by June 1, 1998.
43
45
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
Not Applicable.
PART III
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT
The information required by this item relating to the Company's directors
and nominees and disclosure relating to compliance with Section 16(a) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is included under the captions "Election of
Directors" and "Compliance with Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934" in the Company's Proxy Statement for the 1998 Annual Meeting of
Shareholders and is incorporated herein by reference. The information required
by this item relating to the Company's executive officers and key employees is
included under the caption "Executive Officers and Directors" under Item 4 in
Part I of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The information required by this item is included under the caption
"Executive Compensation and Related Information" in the Company's Proxy
Statement for the 1998 Annual Meeting of Shareholders and is incorporated herein
by reference.
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT
The information required by this item is included under the caption
"Ownership of Securities" in the Company's Proxy Statement for the 1998 Annual
Meeting of Shareholders and is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
The information required by this item is included under the caption
"Certain Transactions" in the Company's Proxy Statement for the 1998 Annual
Meeting of Shareholders and is incorporated herein by reference.
PART IV
ITEM 14. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES, AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K
(a) List of Documents filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
1. The following consolidated financial statements of Intevac, Inc. are
filed in Part II, Item 8 of this Report on Form 10-K:
Report of Ernst & Young, LLP, Independent Auditors
Consolidated Balance Sheets -- December 31, 1997 and 1996
Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 1997,
1996 and 1995
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity for the years ended
December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31,
1997, 1996 and 1995
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements -- Years Ended December 31,
1997, 1996 and 1995
44
46
2. Financial Statement Schedules.
The following financial statement schedule of Intevac, Inc. is filed in
Part IV, Item 14(a) of this Annual Report on Form 10-K:
Schedule II -- Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
All other schedules have been omitted since the required information
is not present in amounts sufficient to require submission of the schedule
or because the information required is included in the consolidated
financial statements or notes thereto.
3. Exhibits
EXHIBIT
NUMBER DESCRIPTION
--------- -----------
*3.1 Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of the
Registrant
*3.2 Bylaws of the Registrant
***4.2 Indenture, dated as of February 15, 1997, between the
Company and State Street Bank and Trust Company of
California, N.A. as Trustee, including the form of the
Convertible Notes
*10.1 The Registrant's 1991 Stock Option/Stock Issuance Plan
*10.2 The Registrant's 1995 Stock Option/Stock Issuance Plan
*10.3 The Registrant's Employee Stock Purchase Plan, as amended
****10.4 Line of Credit Agreement dated April 30, 1997 as amended
*10.5 Lease, dated May 26, 1994 regarding the space located at
3550, 3560, 3570 and 3580 Basset Street Santa Clara,
California, as amended
*10.8 601 California Avenue LLC Limited Liability Operating
Agreement, dated July 28, 1995
*10.9 The Registrant's 401(k) Profit Sharing Plan
*10.11 Stock Sale Agreement, Note Secured by Stock Pledge Agreement
and Stock Pledge Agreement by and between Intevac, Inc. and
Paul Colombo, dated August 24, 1994, as amended
**10.13 Stock Purchase Agreement by and among Lotus Technologies,
Inc., Lewis Lipton, Dennis Stark, Steve Romine and Intevac,
Inc., dated June 6, 1996
21.1 Subsidiaries of the Registrant
23.1 Consent of Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Auditors
24.1 Power of Attorney (see page 46)
27.1 Financial Data Schedule
- ---------------
* Previously filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement on Form S-1
(No. 33-97806)
** Previously filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement on Form S-1
(No. 333-05531)
*** Previously filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement on Form S-3
(No. 333-24275)
**** Previously file as an exhibit to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form
10-Q for the quarter ended March 29, 1997
(b) Reports on Form 8-K
No reports on Form 8-K were filed during the last quarter of the fiscal
year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
45
47
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on
its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on March 11, 1998.
INTEVAC, INC.
By: /s/ CHARLES B. EDDY, III
------------------------------------
Charles B. Eddy, III
Vice President, Finance and
Administration,
Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer
and Secretary
(Principal Financial and Accounting
Officer)
POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature
appears below constitutes and appoints Norman H. Pond and Charles B. Eddy III,
and each of them, as his true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full
power of substitution and resubstitution, for him and in his name, place and
stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments (including
post-effective amendments) to this Report on Form 10-K, and to file the same,
with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the
Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and
agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and
every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection therewith,
as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby
ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or any of
them, or their or his substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be
done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this
report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the
Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
NAME TITLE DATE
---- ----- ----
/s/ NORMAN H. POND Chairman of the Board, March 11, 1998
- ----------------------------------------------------- President and Chief
(Norman H. Pond) Executive Officer
(Principal Executive
Officer)
/s/ CHARLES B. EDDY III Vice President, Finance and March 11, 1998
- ----------------------------------------------------- Administration, Chief
(Charles B. Eddy III) Financial Officer Treasurer
and Secretary (Principal
Financial and Accounting
Officer)
/s/ ROBERT D. HEMPSTEAD Chief Operating Officer, March 11, 1998
- ----------------------------------------------------- President of the Disk
(Robert D. Hempstead) Equipment Business Unit and
Director
/s/ EDWARD DURBIN Director March 11, 1998
- -----------------------------------------------------
(Edward Durbin)
/s/ DAVID N. LAMBETH Director March 11, 1998
- -----------------------------------------------------
(David N. Lambeth)
/s/ H. JOSEPH SMEAD Director March 11, 1998
- -----------------------------------------------------
(H. Joseph Smead)
46
48
INTEVAC, INC.
SCHEDULE II -- VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
ADDITIONS
BALANCE AT ------------------------------------ BALANCE AT
BEGINNING CHARGED TO COSTS CHARGED TO OTHER DEDUCTIONS- END
DESCRIPTION OF PERIOD AND EXPENSES ACCOUNTS-DESCRIBE DESCRIBE(1) OF PERIOD
- ------------------------------- ---------- ---------------- ----------------- ----------- ----------
Year ended December 31, 1995:
Deducted from asset accounts:
Allowance for doubtful
accounts................ $ 105,585 $524,953 $ 0 $ 169,909(2) $ 460,629
Year ended December 31, 1996:
Deducted from asset accounts:
Allowance for doubtful
accounts................ $ 460,629 $589,712 $ 0 $ 25,900 $1,024,441
Year ended December 31, 1997:
Deducted from asset accounts:
Allowance for doubtful
accounts................ $1,024,441 $515,473 $25,000(3) $ 60,314 $1,504,600
- ---------------
(1) Typically includes write-offs of amounts deemed uncollectible.
(2) Includes $95,000 transferred to net assets of discontinued operations.
(3) Balance assumed in the acquisition of RPC.
47
49
EXHIBIT INDEX
EXHIBIT
NUMBER DESCRIPTION
--------- -----------------------------------------------------------
*3.1 Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of the
Registrant.................................................
*3.2 Bylaws of the Registrant...................................
***4.2 Indenture, dated as of February 15, 1997, between the
Company and State Street Bank and Trust Company of
California, N.A. as Trustee, including the form of the
Convertible Notes..........................................
*10.1 The Registrant's 1991 Stock Option/Stock Issuance Plan.....
*10.2 The Registrant's 1995 Stock Option/Stock Issuance Plan.....
*10.3 The Registrant's Employee Stock Purchase Plan, as
amended....................................................
****10.4 Line of Credit Agreement dated April 30, 1997 as amended...
*10.5 Lease, dated May 26, 1994 regarding the space located at
3550, 3560, 3570 and 3580 Basset Street Santa Clara,
California, as amended.....................................
*10.8 601 California Avenue LLC Limited Liability Operating
Agreement, dated July 28, 1995.............................
*10.9 The Registrant's 401(k) Profit Sharing Plan................
*10.11 Stock Sale Agreement, Note Secured by Stock Pledge
Agreement and Stock Pledge Agreement by and between
Intevac, Inc. and Paul Colombo, dated August 24, 1994, as
amended....................................................
**10.13 Stock Purchase Agreement by and among Lotus Technologies,
Inc., Lewis Lipton, Dennis Stark, Steve Romine and Intevac,
Inc., dated June 6, 1996...................................
21.1 Subsidiaries of the Registrant.............................
23.1 Consent of Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Auditors.........
24.1 Power of Attorney (see page 46)............................
27.1 Financial Data Schedule....................................
- ---------------
* Previously filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement on Form S-1
(No. 33-97806)
** Previously filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement on Form S-1
(No. 333-05531)
*** Previously filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement on Form S-3
(No. 333-24275)
**** Previously file as an exhibit to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form
10-Q for the quarter ended March 29, 1997