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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON DC 20549
FORM 10-K
/X/ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE
ACT OF 1934 FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 1996
OR
/_/ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM ____________ TO ____________
COMMISSION FILE NUMBER 0-20558
MCAFEE ASSOCIATES, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware 77-0316593
(State of incorporation) (IRS Employer
Identification Number)
2710 WALSH AVENUE
SANTA CLARA, CALIFORNIA 95051-0963
(408) 988-3832
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code,
of Registrant's principal executive offices)
---------------
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: Common Stock,
$.01 par value
Indicate by check mark whether registrant (1) has filed all reports required
to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Act of 1934 during the
preceding 12 months, and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for
the past 90 days. YES X NO
---- ----
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item
405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the
best of the registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information
statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any
amendment to this Form 10-K. [ ]
The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the
issuer as of December 31, 1996 was approximately $2,141,149,516. The number of
shares outstanding of the issuer's common stock as of December 31, 1996 was
48,662,489.
Documents incorporated by reference: Items 10, 11, 12, and 13 of Part III are
incorporated by reference from the Registrant's Proxy Statement for the Annual
Meeting of Stockholders to be held May 28, 1997.
THIS REPORT CONTAINS ___ PAGES. THE EXHIBIT INDEX IS ON PAGE 45.
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This Annual Report on Form 10-K ("Report") contains forward-looking
statements that involve risks and uncertainties. The statements contained in
this Report that are not purely historical are forward-looking statements
within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended, including without limitation statements regarding the Company's
expectations, beliefs, intentions or strategies regarding the future. All
forward-looking statements included in this document are based on information
available to the Company on the date hereof, and the Company assumes no
obligation to update any such forward-looking statements. The Company's actual
results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking
statements are a result of certain factors, including those set forth under
"Risk Factors" and elsewhere in this Report.
PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
McAfee develops, markets, distributes and supports network security and
management software products. The Company provides industry-leading network
security products for anti-virus protection as well as client/server network
management tools. Many of the Company's network management products are
available as individual software modules as well as integrated product suites.
The Company is also a leader in electronic software distribution, which is the
principal channel through which it distributes its products to large
corporations, institutions and government entities. The Company generally
utilizes a two-year subscription licensing model for this distribution method.
PRODUCTS
McAfee provides a broad line of network security and management software
products. The following table summarizes McAfee's principal products and lists
the operating system(s) on which each product runs:
PRODUCT PRINCIPAL OPERATING
CATEGORY PRODUCTS SYSTEM(S)
- --------------------------- ------------------------ -------------------------------------------
Enterprise Management McAfee Enterprise NetWare, Windows NT
Network Security VirusScan DOS, OS/2, Windows 3.X, Mac, Windows 95,
Windows NT, Windows 3.X, DOS, OS/2,
Linux, Solaris, FreeBSD
GroupScan Windows 95, Windows NT, Windows 3.1x, OS/2
Webscan Windows 95
NetShield NetWare, Windows 95
WebShield Dedicated system supports web servers of
any OS
GroupShield Windows NT, Windows 95, OS/2
Bootshield Windows 3.X, DOS
ROMShield Windows 3.X, DOS,OS/2
Desktop DOS, OS/2, Windows 3.X,
Security Suite Mac, Windows 95,
Windows NT, Windows
3.X, DOS, OS/2
NetCrypto Windows NT, Windows 95, Windows 3.1x and
multiple Unix variants
WebWall Dedicated System supports web servers of
any OS
PCCrypto Windows 95, Windows NT, Windows 3.1x
PowerLogin Multiple Unix variants
PowerBroker Multiple Unix variants
PCFirewall Windows 95, Windows NT, Windows 3.1x
Network Management Saber Lan Workstation NetWare, Windows NT
SaberTools Windows 3.X, Windows 95 and
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Windows NT
with a Windows NT or NetWare server
Help Desk McAfee Help Desk Windows 95, Windows NT
McAfee Service Desk NetWare, Windows NT
Storage Management WebStor Windows 95
NT-ssentail Windows NT and NetWare
QuickBackup Windows 95
ENTERPRISE MANAGEMENT
McAfee Enterprise (ME!). McAfee Enterprise brings together McAfee's anti-virus
and security software with network management, storage management and help desk
components, all supporting NT and integrated under an OLE enabled, active X,
explorer console. The ME! modules share a common scripting language, common
reporting, and common alerting via SNMP and integrate into Unix consoles
including HP Openview, BMC Patrol, and Tivoli TME. McAfee Enterprise on NT is
positioned to help bridge the gap between NetWare and UNIX by managing the
legacy NetWare file and print servers, and the UNIX database and application
servers. ME! integrates into enterprise management systems including HP Openview
for Windows, Novell NMS, BMC Patrol, Tivoli TME and other SNMP consoles. In
addition to ME! availability from the host console menu and/or toolbar, task
management can even further extend the level of integration within the
enterprise management system. The current U.S. list price for a 1,000 node ME!
site license is $120,000.
NETWORK SECURITY PRODUCTS
VirusScan. VirusScan, the Company's flagship product, is a virus protection
program for Windows 3.X, Windows 95, Windows NT, Macintosh, DOS and OS/2
personal computers. VirusScan scans for known and unknown viruses prior to
installation. When the scan is completed, VirusScan becomes memory resident and
protects systems from further infection. VirusScan is able to detect and remove
polymorphic, word macro and boza viruses. The current U.S. list price for a
1,000 user VirusScan site license is $20,500. The single user retail packaged
version of VirusScan sells at an average retail price of approximately $49.00.
GroupScan. GroupScan is a native Lotus Notes application which is designed to
protect the Notes client from popular viruses as well as other known security
threats. GroupScan scans encrypted attachments on the users desk to insure they
are virus-free before they are transmitted over the network. The current U.S.
list price for a 1,000 node GroupScan site license is $10,000.
Webscan. Webscan is designed to provide virus protection for most popular
Internet services, Web browsers and E-mail. Webscan includes Spry's Mosaic
Browser and Pegasus E-mail but is compatible with NetScape Navigator and Lotus
cc:mail and is available for Windows 95 computers. The current U.S. list price
for a 1,000 node Webscan site license is $20,500.
NetShield. NetShield provides virus protection for network file servers.
NetShield blocks viruses from being transferred over networks by scanning files
which are accessed from the server. It can also perform regularly scheduled
scanning of the server. The current U.S. list price for a 1,000 node NetShield
site license is $11,800.
WebShield. WebShield is a complete virus protection product for Internet
gateways. With WebShield, McAfee has deployed its virus detection software to
scan Internet email, file transfers and web traffic. The current U.S. list price
for a 1,000 node WebShield site license is $9,000.
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GroupShield. GroupShield is a native Lotus Notes application that is designed
to protect the Notes server from popular viruses as well as other known security
threats. GroupShield employs McAfee's scanning facilities, which can identify,
stop, and even clean these viruses on user demand, in real-time or during
background processes. The current U.S. list price for a 1,000 node GroupShield
site license is $25,000.
Bootshield. Bootshield is a companion product to Viruscan which provides
pre-boot protection from boot-sector viruses. Bootshield is available for
DOS and Window 3.X computers. The current U.S. list price for a 1,000 node
Bootshield site license is $11,000.
ROMShield. ROMShield is a boot sector anti-virus detection and shielding
product. Boot sector viruses infect the BIOS prior to boot-up and cannot be
shielded by traditional anti-virus programs which run on the operating system.
ROMShield checks the BIOS before the computer boots up and prevents boot-up if
the computer is infected.
Desktop Security Suite (DSS). DSS offers secure, economical desktop
protection combining strong encryption for files and data being stored on a hard
drive or sent over a network, with McAfee's virus detection and removal engine.
Desktop Security Suite stresses ease-of-use and fast, transparent operation
while providing a safe, secure infrastructure for storing or sending
information. The current U.S. list price for a 1,000 node Desktop Security Suite
site license is $72,000.
PCCrypto. PCCrypto lets a user encrypt files before storing them or sending
them to someone else. Files can be encrypted with a password only known to the
user, and then stored on the user's hard drive or sent over a network. The
current U.S. list price for a 1,000 node PCCrypto site license is $31,000.
NetCrypto. NetCrypto provides networks with encryption, preventing hackers
and cyberthieves from sniffing data from the user's network. NetCrypto
transparently encrypts all TCP/IP data, including email, file transfers, web
traffic, remote logins, database access etc. The current U.S. list price for a
1,000 node NetCrypto site license is $34,000.
PowerBroker. PowerBroker allows users to perform appropriate system
administration tasks without bothering an administrator, and without ever
knowing the root password, thereby enhancing system security. PowerBroker also
creates a centrally-maintained indelible audit trail of all the activities it
controls. Users with access to PowerBroker have the power they need without
being able to alter the log files, or disclose the root password. The current
U.S. list price for a 1,000 node PowerBroker site license is $155,000.
PowerLogin. Power Login gives system administrators control over the UNIX
login and password environment, including control over who can log in where,
when, and how, and with what kinds of passwords. Using a flexible login policy
language, system administrators can specify such things as what time of day a
user may log in, who may log in over modem lines or over the network and whether
additional passwords or authentication schemes are used. The current U.S. list
price for a 1,000 node PowerLogin site license is $155,000.
PC Firewall. PCFirewall provides firewall protection for Windows desktops
with a central administration console to manage multiple installations. Acting
as a cookie cutter, individuals are protected from web server tracking of their
activities on the Internet. It also provides access control for modem protocols
to block popular war dialer attacks, often known as the "back doors" around a
main perimeter firewall (i.e. the front door). Completely transparent to users
and applications, PCFirewall is easy to install and manage. The current U.S.
list price for a single copy of PCFirewall is $65.
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NETWORK MANAGEMENT TOOLS
Saber LAN Workstation ("SLW"). SLW is an integrated suite of network
management software solutions that natively support both Window NT and Novell
NetWare environments. SLW automates time-consuming tasks and reduces costs by
managing network assets more efficiently. SLW includes integrated enterprise
metering, hardware and software inventory, software distribution and desktop
control under a central OLE-enabled explorer console. SLW also includes
customizable reporting, SNMP alerting and supports an open data format, which
facilitates integration of SLW with other systems management products. The
current U.S. list price for a 1,000 user license is $47,300.
SaberTools SMS .SaberTools is an integrated suite of tools designed
specifically for Microsoft SMS users. SaberTools delivers the functionality not
available in SMS such as network menuing, application metering, 32-bit remote
control, scripting, and customizable reporting. Using SaberTools advanced
menuing and desktop control features, users can control Windows NT, Windows 95,
Windows 3.1 and DOS clients running on NetWare or NT networks. Together these
tools are designed to help network administrators centrally manage and control
their Windows environment by restricting access to various features and
resources. Administrators no longer have to visit each workstation to make
changes, saving time and money. SaberTools decreases software costs by
addressing issues such as support, administration, and upgrades. In addition,
SaberTools can help eliminate unnecessary software purchases by providing
accurate tracking of software usage on LANs or WANs. The current U.S. list
price for a 1,000 SaberTools site license is $26,600.
HELP DESK
McAfee Help Desk (MHD). MHD was a native SQL client/server help desk solution
and is a solution for proactive call management and problem resolution.
Important features include asset management, service level agreements, change
management, dynamic call linking, flexible reporting, crisis management, and
enterprise-enabled network integration. MHD includes the industry standard
case-based reasoning engine and 15 hardware and software knowledge-paks. The
current U.S. list price is $1,295 per help desk operator.
McAfee Service Desk (MSD). MSD is a comprehensive service desk solution.
MSD starts by incorporating all of the traditional help desk functionality
found in McAfee HelpDesk. MSD elevates the customer's help desk into a true
"service desk" by adding integrated software distribution, network management,
desktop management, cross-platform asset management, systems diagnostics, push
technology alerting, end user Web access and remote control. MSD includes
network listeners that allow the user to link their help desk to network
management platforms such as Hewlett-Packard's OpenView and Tivoli's TME10. MSD
is available in both workgroup and enterprise editions. A typical MSD-Workgroup
installation with 5 concurrent help desk operators supporting 500 nodes has a
U.S. list price of $30,975. A typical MSD-Enterprise installation with 15
concurrent help desk operators supporting 2,000 nodes has a U.S. list price of
$135,425.
STORAGE MANAGEMENT
WebStor. WebStor is a Windows 95 program that provides automated back up and
file restore capabilities, along with disaster recovery tools using any FTP site
for back-up. The current U.S. list price for a 1,000 user WebStor site license
is $20,500.
NT-ssential. NT-ssential combines anti virus and backup, into one solution.
The product combines McAfee's NetShield with Backup Exec Enterprise Edition from
Seagate to provide both security and protection. Netware-ssential is available
for the Netware environment. The current U.S. list price for a 1,000 user
NT-ssential site license is $13,000.
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QuickBackUp. Designed for Windows 95 and NT, QuickBackup combines an easy to
use Explorer user interface with a broad range of backup media support.
QuickBackup supports SCSI tape drives, writeable CD-ROMs, Iomega Zip and Jazz
drives and the Internet as back up devices. QuickBackup sells at an average
retail price of approximately $49.00.
SUBSCRIPTION LICENSING MODEL
The Company typically licenses its products to corporate, government and
institutional customers for a period of two years during which time they receive
all upgrades, updates and technical support at no additional charge. Upon
expiration of the two-year period, customers are contacted by the Company for
renewal. The Company believes that the two-year subscription licensing model
offers several benefits to its customers. For one initial fee, the customer
receives the software and all upgrades, updates and support for two years. In
addition, the customer only has to make a decision on its investment in the
software every two years. Since the Company is able to distribute its products
and upgrades at a lower cost than do companies using traditional distribution
methods, the Company also has the ability to offer upgrades and address user
feature requirements on a more regular basis. In addition, by offering a
two-year license, as opposed to a traditional perpetual term license, the
Company is able to meet a lower initial cost threshold for customers with annual
budgeting constraints.
The Company's two-year subscription licensing model creates the opportunity
for recurring revenue for the Company through the renewal of existing licenses.
Since the Company typically licenses its products on a per user basis, at the
time of renewal the Company has the potential to increase the number of
computers licensed at existing sites and to expand its licenses to new sites in
an organization. The renewal process also provides an opportunity to cross-sell
new products to existing customers. There can be no assurance that the Company
will be able to sustain current renewal rates in the future.
With the expansion of the Company's distribution channels to include
resellers and distributors, McAfee also provides single user licenses for its
products under traditional, unlimited term licenses with product updates,
upgrades and support available to customers under separate maintenance
contracts.
ELECTRONIC SOFTWARE DISTRIBUTION
McAfee was the first company to successfully utilize electronic software
distribution to reach large corporate, government and institutional customers.
Through the World Wide Web and various online services such as CompuServe,
America Online and The Microsoft Network, the Company is able to electronically
communicate and interact with its customers from pre-sales evaluation through
product delivery and post-sales support. The Company believes that the
electronic channel is becoming an important source of information and support
for IT professionals. By making fully-functioning, unencrypted versions of its
products widely available for evaluation, the Company is seeking to encourage
product sampling among these sophisticated users. Unlike traditional software
evaluation programs where potential customers often are required to identify
themselves (typically resulting in their inclusion in a sales database), go
through a qualification process and then wait for the evaluation copy to be
shipped, potential customers desiring to evaluate McAfee's products for a 30-day
period can anonymously download any of the Company's products from its World
Wide Web site. In 1996, the Company opened the McAfee Store on the World Wide
Web to distribute its own and third party products.
The Company uses electronic software distribution as its primary means of
delivering licensed software, as well as upgrades and updates to its customers.
Electronic software distribution offers a number of advantages to the Company
over traditional software distribution methods including the ability to
distribute its products and upgrades more rapidly and at a lower cost than
traditional distribution methods. Since all of the software and documentation
can be distributed electronically, the cost of internal distribution by the
customer is also lower than with traditional software and printed documentation.
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The Company also seeks to increase awareness of its products, to provide
customer and technical support and to encourage dialogue regarding its products
by maintaining a World Wide Web site and forums on CompuServe, America Online
and The Microsoft Network. The Company also provides support through the World
Wide Web. By providing support electronically, the Company believes that it is
often able to more rapidly identify and solve customer problems.
SALES AND MARKETING
To augment and capitalize upon the awareness of the Company's products
resulting from its electronic distribution model, the Company's sales and
marketing efforts are directed primarily at large corporate, government and
institutional customers as well as to resellers and distributors worldwide
through the following channels:
NORTH AMERICAN DIRECT SALES
The Company has significantly expanded its internal sales organization
through investments in its corporate sales force. The Company's direct sales
organization consists of regional sales directors, national account managers,
territory sales representatives and a corporate telesales organization. McAfee's
national account managers are each responsible for ten to fifteen designated
large enterprise accounts. Territory sales representatives manage accounts
within a specified geographic region with 1,000 or more personal computers. To
augment its sales organization, the Company's executives are involved with sales
to many major accounts. The Company's outbound corporate telesales force
consists of experienced sales personnel who actively market McAfee's products to
customers with less than 1,000 personal computers. The Company's corporate
telesales representatives also respond to prospective customers who contact the
Company as a result of a particular marketing program or after electronically
evaluating a McAfee product. Another significant focus of the Company's
corporate telesales force is to contact existing customers to cross-sell
additional products.
The Company devotes a portion of its corporate telesales force to the renewal
of its existing licenses. Prior to expiration of a license, a corporate
telesales representative contacts the customer and encourages renewal of the
expiring license while determining if increasing the number of computers
licensed is appropriate and, additionally, marketing new products to this
existing customer.
INTERNATIONAL SALES
McAfee has sales and support operations in Europe and Asia. The Company
currently has sales representatives in Paris, France, Bracknell, England,
Frankfurt, Germany, Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Tokyo, Japan. Historically,
McAfee had relied primarily upon independent agents and distributors to market
its products internationally. McAfee is continuing to use independent agents
primarily in smaller markets where a direct sales presence is not currently
warranted. While the Company's agents and distributors include some large
systems integrators, most are small companies that market McAfee's software
along with products of other companies that they represent. The Company
typically enters into agreements with its agents which, among other things,
obligate its agents to provide technical support and the most current versions
of the Company's products to its customers and to provide the Company with
information about its licensees. Such agreements permit either the Company or
the agent to terminate the agreement upon 60 days' prior written notice.
International agents invoice their own orders and collect payment, remitting the
license fee, net of commissions, to the Company in United States dollars.
CHANNEL SALES
To complement its direct sales, McAfee markets its products through corporate
resellers and distributors, and indirectly through retailers. While historical
sales through these distribution channels have generated a relatively small
portion of McAfee's net revenue, over the past two years the Company's
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presence in these channels has expanded significantly. The Company currently
utilizes corporate resellers, including STREAM, Software Spectrum, Softmart and
ASAP, which focus primarily on selling site licenses for the Company's software
to corporate customers.
Independent software distributors who market the Company's products include
Ingram Micro, Merisel America and Tech Data. These distributors stock McAfee's
products in inventory for redistribution primarily to large retailers, VARs and
mail order companies. Through its authorized distributors, the Company sells its
retail packaged products to several of the large computer and software retailers
in the United States, including Egghead Discount Software, CompUSA, Computer
City, Software Etc. and Best Buy. Several members of the Company's channel sales
force work closely with the Company's major reseller and distributor accounts on
the management of orders and inventory level, as well as on promotion and
selling activities.
The Company's distributors generally are permitted stock balancing and stock
rotation rights but are typically required to place offsetting orders of equal
value. The Company expects to increasingly rely on resellers and distributors,
including retail outlets, to market and support its products. The Company's
agreements with its distributors are not exclusive and may be terminated by
either party without cause. There can be no assurance that any distributors will
continue to represent the Company's products.
OEMS
OEMs license the Company's products and bundle them with personal computer
hardware or software. OEMs typically sublicense a single version of the
Company's products to end users who must contact McAfee in order to license
updates. The Company typically receives a per copy royalty from its OEMs.
OTHER MARKETING ACTIVITIES
McAfee promotes its products through advertising activities in trade
publications and direct mail campaigns. The Company also attends trade shows,
sponsors conferences and publishes a quarterly newsletter which is mailed to
existing and prospective customers. In addition, the Company solicits
prospective customers by providing marketing material through the World Wide Web
and allows customers to purchase the Company's products directly through the
Company's World Wide Web Page. The Company also maintains forums on CompuServe,
America Online and The Microsoft Network which provide electronic forums for
subscribers of these services to discuss issues related to computer viruses and
make inquiries regarding McAfee's products.
CUSTOMERS
The Company primarily markets its products directly to large corporate,
government and institutional customers as well as to resellers and distributors.
Ingram Micro Devices accounted for 17%, 12% and 12% of net revenue in 1996, 1995
and 1994, respectively. No other customer accounted for more than 10% of the
Company's net revenue.
CUSTOMER AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT
McAfee believes that a high level of customer and technical support is
important for success in corporate, government and institutional markets.
Customer support representatives answer product inquiry, customer support and
routine technical support calls. If a customer service representative receives a
call requiring more complex technical or professional support, the call is
transferred to the Company's technical or professional support personnel. The
Company intends to continue to invest in customer and technical support.
Technical support representatives handle technical support calls and respond
to inquiries addressed to the Company's World Wide Web Page and various online
services such as CompuServe, America Online
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and The Microsoft Network. If a call or inquiry involves more complex strategic
or implementation issues, the customer is referred to the Company's product
development staff.
The Company also provides specialized assistance to customers in detecting
and eradicating viruses. The Company has the ability to receive uploaded
programs containing suspect virus infections through the World Wide Web.
Alternatively, customers can send a copy of the virus to the Company via disk.
The Company believes that its ongoing exposure to a large number of new viruses
contributes to the virus detection rate of the Company's anti-virus products.
McAfee also offers on-site training and consulting services to its customers
on an hourly or packaged rate basis. On-site and regional training for the full
range of McAfee's products is conducted by McAfee's technical personnel. In
addition, McAfee offers a wide variety of consulting services to assist
customers in the installation, customization and deployment of its products.
PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT AND ACQUISITION
The Company is seeking to continually enhance and expand its network security
and management product offerings. Over the past year, the Company has made a
substantial investment in product development by significantly increasing the
size of its product development staff. In addition, the Company has expanded its
product line through the acquisition of Vycor Corporation, a provider of help
desk products, on March 21, 1996, the acquisition of a controlling interest in
FSA Corporation, a developer of security products, on August 30, 1996 and the
acquisition of Jade KK of Japan, a vendor of anti-virus software, on February
28, 1997. While the Company does not currently have any agreements or
understanding related to material acquisitions of products or companies, the
Company intends to continue to evaluate strategic acquisitions of complementary
products that will enable McAfee to offer more comprehensive network security
and management solutions.
McAfee believes that its ability to maintain its competitiveness will depend
in large part upon its ability to enhance existing products, develop and acquire
new products and develop and integrate acquired products. The market for
personal computer software is characterized by low barriers to entry and rapid
technological change, and is highly competitive with respect to timely product
introductions. There can be no assurance that new products will be developed or
acquired on a timely basis or at all. See "Risk Factors - Rapid Technological
Change; Risks Associated with Product Development and Acquisitions."
In addition to developing new products, the Company's internal development
staff is also focused on developing updates to existing products and modifying
and enhancing any acquired products. Future updates may, among other things,
include additional functionality, respond to user problems or address issues of
compatibility with changing operating systems and environments. The Company
believes that the ability to provide these updates to users frequently and at a
low cost is key to its success. Failure to release such updates on a timely
basis could have a material adverse impact on the Company. There can be no
assurance that the Company will be successful in these efforts. In addition,
there can be no assurance that future changes in Windows 95, Windows NT, NetWare
or other popular operating systems would not result in incompatibility with the
Company's products. The Company's failure to introduce new products on a timely
basis that are compatible with operating systems and environments preferred by
desktop computer users would have a material adverse effect on the Company's
business, financial condition and results of operations.
The Company expended $22.2 million, $9.4 million and $6.9 million in 1996,
1995 and 1994, respectively, on research and development.
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COMPETITION
The market for the Company's products is intensely competitive and the
Company expects competition to increase in the future. The Company believes that
the principal competitive factors affecting the market for its products include
performance, functionality, quality, customer support, breadth of product line,
frequency of updates, brand name recognition, company reputation and price.
Certain of the criteria upon which the performance and quality of the Company's
anti-virus products compete include the number and types of viruses detected,
the speed at which the products run and ease of use. Certain of the criteria
upon which the Company's network management tools compete include the number of
functions performed, the range of products offered, the cost of the product and
ease of use. While the Company believes that it generally competes favorably
with respect to each of these factors, there can be no assurance that it will be
able to continue to compete successfully against current and future competitors.
Competitive pressures could result not only in a decline in sales volume but
also in sustained price reductions, which could adversely affect the Company's
business, financial condition and results of operations.
The network security and management market is highly fragmented with many
vendors. The Company's principal competitor is the Peter Norton Group of
Symantec in the network security market and Intel's LanDesk in the network
management market. Other competitors include Computer Associates/Cheyenne
Software, Intel, Seagate and the Dr. Solomon Group, as well as numerous smaller
companies and shareware authors that may in the future develop into stronger
competitors or become consolidated into larger competitors. The Company also
faces competition from large and established computer software companies such as
Microsoft and Novell, which offer network management products as enhancements to
their network operating systems. The Company believes that as the network
management market develops, it may face increased competition from these large
companies, as well as other companies seeking to enter the market. With the
acquisition of Vycor, the Company faces new competition from vendors in the help
desk market. The Company's principal competitors in the help desk market are
Remedy, Corp. and Software Artistry. The Company also has competitors in the
storage management market. There can be no assurance that the Company will
continue to compete effectively against existing and potential competitors, many
of whom have substantially greater financial, technical, marketing and support
resources and name recognition than the Company. In addition, there can be no
assurance that software vendors who currently use traditional distribution
methods will not in the future decide to compete more directly with the Company
by utilizing electronic software distribution.
The competitive environment for anti-virus software internationally is
similar to that in North America, although there are local competitors in
specific markets which present strong competition and also shareware authors
control a more significant portion of the European market. The international
market for network management software has developed more slowly than the North
American market, although larger competitors such as Intel and Symantec have
begun to penetrate European markets. Asian markets have significantly lagged
North America and Europe in their adoption of networking technology. There can
be no assurance that McAfee will be able to compete successfully in
international markets.
The widespread inclusion of the network security and management functionality
of the Company's products as standard features of computer hardware or operating
systems could render the Company's products obsolete and unmarketable. If the
Company were unable to develop new network management and security tools to
further enhance hardware or operating systems and to replace successfully any
obsolete products, the Company's business, financial condition and results of
operations would be materially and adversely affected.
PROPRIETARY TECHNOLOGY
McAfee's success is heavily dependent upon its proprietary software
technology. McAfee relies on a combination of contractual rights, trademarks,
trade secrets and copyrights to establish and protect proprietary rights in its
software. McAfee has not to date applied for or obtained any patents or
registered any of its copyrights and has only registered selected trademarks.
SABER is a trademark of a subsidiary of
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the SABRE Group, Inc. and is licensed to McAfee pursuant to a non-exclusive
worldwide, royalty free license. McAfee is not otherwise affiliated with the
SABRE Group, Inc. or SABRE Travel Information Network. In the event that the
license of the Saber trademark were to expire, or be terminated, McAfee could be
required to cease using the trademark on its products, which could involve
significant expense and the possibility of customer confusion. Any loss of
McAfee's ability to use this trademark could have a material adverse effect on
McAfee's business, financial condition or results of operations.
In 1996, the Company increased its reliance on licensed technology,
principally through its acquisitions. Also, the Vycor products are dependent on
third party technology. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able
to renew such licenses in the future.
In the third quarter of 1996 the Company entered into agreements that enabled
entry into the anti-virus market for Lotus Notes and the market for server
backup applications. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to
renew such agreements in the future.
McAfee does not typically obtain signed license agreements from its
corporate, government and institutional customers who license products directly
from McAfee. McAfee includes an electronic version of a "shrink-wrap" license in
all of its electronically distributed software and a printed license in the box
for its products distributed through traditional distribution channels in order
to protect its copyrights and trade secrets in those products. Since none of
these licenses are signed by the licensee, they may not be enforceable under
many state laws and the laws of many foreign jurisdictions.
In addition, the laws of some foreign countries either do not protect
McAfee's proprietary rights or offer only limited protection for those rights.
Furthermore, McAfee has obtained only one foreign registration of its "McAfee"
trademark, and publication in two jurisdictions, due to the significant costs
involved. As a result, McAfee may not be able to prevent a third party from
using its trademarks in many foreign jurisdictions.
There can be no assurance that the steps taken by McAfee to protect its
proprietary software technology will be adequate to deter misappropriation of
this technology. McAfee is aware that a substantial number of users of its
anti-virus products have not paid any registration or license fees to McAfee.
Changing legal interpretations of liability for unauthorized use of McAfee's
software, or lessened sensitivity by corporate, government or institutional
users to avoiding copyright infringement, would have a material adverse effect
on McAfee's business, financial condition and results of operations.
There has also been substantial industry litigation regarding intellectual
property rights of technology companies. Although McAfee does not believe that
it is infringing the intellectual property rights of others, it receives claims
from time to time, and McAfee has in the past been subject to litigation related
to its intellectual property. There can be no assurance that such claims will
not be asserted against McAfee in the future or that the outcome of any such
claims would not have a material adverse effect on McAfee's business, financial
condition and results of operations. In addition, as McAfee may acquire a
portion of the software included in its future products from third parties, its
exposure to infringement actions may increase because McAfee must rely upon such
third parties for information as to the origin and ownership of any software
being acquired. In the future, litigation may be necessary to enforce and
protect trade secrets and other intellectual property rights owned by McAfee.
McAfee may also be subject to litigation to defend it against claimed
infringement of the rights owned by McAfee. McAfee may also be subject to
litigation to defend it against claimed infringement of the rights of others or
to determine the scope and validity of the proprietary rights of others. Any
such litigation could be costly and cause diversion of management's attention,
either of which could have a material adverse effect on McAfee's business,
financial condition and results of operations. Adverse determinations in such
litigation could result in the loss of McAfee's proprietary rights, subject
McAfee to significant liabilities, require McAfee to seek licenses from third
parties or prevent McAfee from manufacturing or selling its products, any one of
which could have a material adverse effect on McAfee's business, financial
condition and results of operations.
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Furthermore, there can be no assurance that any necessary licenses will be
available on reasonable terms, or at all.
EMPLOYEES
From December 31, 1995 to December 31, 1996, the number of people employed by
the Company increased from 250 to 481 employees. Competition for qualified
management and technical personnel is intense in the software industry. The
Company's continued success will depend in part upon its ability to attract and
retain qualified personnel. None of the Company's employees is represented by a
labor union and the Company believes that its employee relations are good.
RISK FACTORS
The following risk factors should be considered by holders and prospective
purchasers of McAfee Common Stock:
Rapid Technological Change; Risks Associated with Product Development and
Acquisitions. The network security and management market is highly fragmented
and is characterized by ongoing technological developments, evolving industry
standards and rapid changes in customer requirements. McAfee's success depends
upon the ability to offer a broad range of network security and management
software products, to continue to enhance existing products, to develop and
introduce in a timely manner new products that take advantage of technological
advances, and to respond promptly to new customer requirements. While McAfee
believes that it currently offers one of the broadest product lines in the
network management and security market, this market is continuing to evolve and
customer requirements are continuing to change. As the market continues to
evolve and competitive pressures increase, McAfee believes that it will need to
continue to expand its product offerings. McAfee has identified a number of
enhancements to its existing product offerings which it believes are important
to its continued success in the network security and management market. There
can be no assurance that McAfee will be successful in developing and marketing,
on a timely basis, enhancements to its existing products or new products, or
that its new products will adequately address the changing needs of the
marketplace. Failure by McAfee in any of these areas could materially and
adversely affect its business, financial condition and results of operations. In
addition, from time to time, McAfee or its competitors may announce new products
with capabilities or technologies that could have the potential to replace or
shorten the life cycles of McAfee's existing products. There can be no assurance
that announcements of new products will not cause customers to defer purchasing
McAfee's existing products.
McAfee has in the past experienced delays in software development, and there
can be no assurance that McAfee will not experience delays in connection with
its current or future product development activities. Software products as
complex as those offered by McAfee may contain undetected errors or version
compatibility issues, particularly when first introduced or when new versions
are released, resulting in loss of or delay in market acceptance. For example,
McAfee's anti-virus software products have in the past falsely detected viruses
that did not actually exist. See "-- Risk of False Detection of Viruses." Delays
and difficulties associated with new product introductions or product
enhancements could have a material adverse effect on McAfee's business,
financial condition and results of operations.
In addition to developing new products, McAfee's internal development staff
is focused on developing upgrades and updates to existing products and modifying
and enhancing acquired products. Future upgrades and updates may, among other
things, include additional functionality, respond to user problems or address
issues of compatibility with changing operating systems and environments. McAfee
believes that the ability to provide these upgrades and updates to users
frequently and at a low cost is key to its success. In particular, the
proliferation of new and changing viruses makes it imperative to update
anti-virus products frequently in order for the products to avoid obsolescence.
Failure to release such upgrades and updates on a timely basis could have a
material adverse effect on McAfee's business, financial condition and results of
operations. There can be no assurance that McAfee will be successful in these
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efforts. In addition, there can be no assurance that future changes in Windows
95, Windows NT, NetWare or other popular operating systems would not result in
incompatibility with McAfee's products. McAfee's failure to introduce new
products on a timely basis that are compatible with operating systems and
environments preferred by desktop computer users would have a material adverse
effect on McAfee's business, financial condition and results of operations. See
"Business -- Product Development and Acquisition."
Competition. The market for McAfee's products is intensely competitive and
McAfee expects competition to increase in the future. McAfee believes that the
principal competitive factors affecting the market for its products include
performance, functionality, quality, customer support, breadth of product line,
frequency of upgrades and updates, brand name recognition, company reputation
and price. Certain of the criteria upon which the performance and quality of
McAfee's anti-virus software products compete include the number and types of
viruses detected, the speed at which the products run and ease of use. Certain
of McAfee's competitors have been in the network management market longer than
McAfee and other competitors, such as Symantec, Intel and Seagate, are larger
and have greater name recognition than McAfee. In addition, certain larger
competitors such as Intel, Microsoft and Novell have established relationships
with hardware vendors related to their other product lines. These relationships
may provide them with a competitive advantage in penetrating the OEM market with
their network management products. As is the case in many segments of the
software industry, McAfee may encounter increasing price competition in the
future. This could reduce average selling prices and, therefore, profit margins.
Competitive pressures could result not only in sustained price reductions but
also in a decline in sales volume, which could materially and adversely affect
McAfee's business, financial condition and results of operations.
The network security and management market is highly fragmented with products
offered by many vendors. McAfee's principal competitor is the Peter Norton Group
of Symantec in the network security market and Intel's LanDesk in the network
management market. Other competitors include Computer Associates/Cheyenne
Software, Intel, Seagate and the Dr. Solomon Group, as well as numerous smaller
companies and shareware authors that may in the future develop into stronger
competitors or be consolidated into larger competitors. McAfee also faces
competition from large and established software companies such as Microsoft and
Novell which offer network management products as enhancements to their network
operating systems. McAfee believes that as the network management market
develops, McAfee may face increased competition from these large companies, as
well as other companies seeking to enter the market. The trend toward
enterprise-wide network management and security solutions may result in a
consolidation of the network management and security market around a smaller
number of vendors who are able to provide the necessary software and support
capabilities. With the acquisition of Vycor, the Company faces new competition
from vendors in the help desk market. The Company's principal competitors in the
help desk market are Remedy, Corp. and Software Artistry. The Company also has
competitors in the storage management market. There can be no assurance that
McAfee will continue to compete effectively against existing and potential
competitors, many of whom have substantially greater financial, technical,
marketing and support resources and name recognition than McAfee. In addition,
there can be no assurance that software vendors who currently use traditional
distribution methods will not in the future decide to compete more directly with
McAfee by utilizing electronic software distribution. See "Business -
Competition."
The competitive environment for anti-virus software internationally is
similar to that in North America, although there are local competitors in
specific markets which present strong competition and also shareware authors
control a more significant portion of the European market. The international
market for network management software has developed more slowly than the North
American market, although larger competitors such as Intel and Symantec have
begun to penetrate European markets. Asian markets have significantly lagged
North America and Europe in their adoption of networking technology. There can
be no assurance that McAfee will be able to compete successfully in
international markets.
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Risk of Inclusion of Network Security and Management Functionality in System
Software. In the future, vendors of operating system software may continue to
enhance their products to include functionality that is currently provided most
often by network security and management software. The widespread inclusion of
the functionality of McAfee's products, and of the functionality of the network
security or management products, as standard features of operating system
software could, particularly if the quality of such functionality were
comparable to that of McAfee's products, render McAfee's products obsolete and
unmarketable. Furthermore, even if the network security and/or management
functionality provided as standard features by operating systems is more limited
than that of McAfee's products, there can be no assurance that a significant
number of customers would not elect to accept such functionality in lieu of
purchasing additional software. If McAfee was unable to develop new network
security and management products to further enhance operating systems and to
replace successfully any obsolete products, McAfee's business, financial
condition and results of operations would be materially and adversely affected.
See "Business - Competition."
McAfee's Dependence on Anti-Virus Product Revenue. McAfee derived a
substantial majority of its net revenue in 1996 from licensing its anti-virus
software products, and these products are expected to continue to account for a
substantial portion of McAfee's net revenue for the foreseeable future. Because
of this concentration of revenue, a decline in demand for, or in the prices of,
McAfee's anti-virus software products as a result of competition, technological
change or otherwise, could have a material adverse effect on McAfee's business,
financial condition and results of operations. In addition, while McAfee will
continue to focus on growing its anti-virus revenue, factors such as increased
competition or technological change may affect the rate of growth in the future.
See " Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations" and "Business Products."
Dependence on Emergence of Network Management Market. The market for McAfee's
network management products is evolving, and its growth depends upon broader
market acceptance of network management software, including help desk software.
Although the number of LAN-attached personal computers ("PCs") has increased
dramatically, the network management market continues to be an emerging market
and there can be no assurance that the market will continue to develop or that
further market development will be rapid enough to significantly benefit McAfee.
In addition, there are a number of potential approaches to network management,
including management tools incorporated into network operating systems.
Therefore, even if network management tools gain broader market acceptance,
there can be no assurance that McAfee's products will be chosen by organizations
which acquire network management tools. Furthermore, to the extent that the
network management market does continue to develop, McAfee expects that
competition will increase. See "Competition," "Risk of Inclusion of Network
Security and Management Functionality in System Software" and "Business -
Competition."
Variability of Quarterly Operating Results. McAfee's licensing activity and
results of operations can fluctuate significantly on a quarterly basis. Causes
of such fluctuations may include the volume and timing of new orders and
renewals, the introduction of new products, upgrades or updates by McAfee or its
competitors, changes in product prices, changes in product mix, seasonality,
trends in the computer industry, general economic conditions, extraordinary
events such as acquisitions or litigation and the occurrence of unexpected
events. Because of the nature of their distribution methods, McAfee generally
cannot predict when a user will license its products. Historically, renewals
have accounted for a significant portion of McAfee's net revenue; however, there
can be no assurance that McAfee will be able to sustain historic renewal rates
in the future.
McAfee historically recognized substantially all license revenue ratably over
a two-year license period, during which time users generally received all
product upgrades, updates and technical support at no additional charge. As a
result, quarterly fluctuations in licensing activity have had a reduced
quarter-to-quarter impact on McAfee's net revenue and net income. However, since
July 1, 1995, McAfee generally recognizes 80% of its revenue from subscription
licenses at the time of the initial licensing transaction which more directly
impacts net revenue and net income in the quarters in which the licensing
activity occurs. Furthermore, since McAfee's cost of net revenue is low, and
operating expenses are relatively
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fixed, any revenue shortfall in a quarter will result in a substantially similar
shortfall in net income. As a result of this change in revenue recognition in
July 1995, McAfee believes that period-to-period comparisons of its financial
results should not be relied upon as an indication of future performance. See
"Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations."
The operating results of many software companies reflect seasonal trends, and
McAfee's business, financial condition and results of operations may be affected
by such trends in the future. Such trends may include higher net revenue in the
fourth quarter as many customers complete annual budgetary cycles, and lower net
revenue in the summer months when many businesses experience lower sales,
particularly in the European market.
Volatility of Stock Price. The trading price of McAfee Common Stock has been
and may continue to be, subject to wide fluctuations in response to quarterly
variations in financial performance, shortfalls in revenue or earnings from
levels forecast by securities analysts, changes in estimates by such analysts,
market conditions in the computer software or hardware industries, product
introductions by McAfee or its competitors, announcements of extraordinary
events such as acquisitions or litigation or general economic conditions. In
addition, in recent years the stock market has experienced extreme price and
volume fluctuations. These fluctuations have had a substantial effect on the
market prices for many high technology and emerging growth companies, often
unrelated to the operating performance of the specific companies. On several
occasions during 1995 and 1996, the closing sales prices for McAfee Common Stock
on successive days fluctuated in excess of 10%.
Risks Associated with Failure to Manage Growth; Potential Future
Acquisitions. McAfee has undergone a period of rapid growth and expansion due in
part to acquisitions. McAfee has also experienced significant growth in its
employee base, including growth through these acquisitions. McAfee's ability to
compete effectively and execute its strategies will depend in part upon its
ability to continue to improve its operational, management and financial systems
and controls. The failure of McAfee's management team to effectively manage any
further growth could have a material adverse effect on McAfee's business,
financial condition and results of operations.
McAfee may in the future undertake acquisitions that could present challenges
to McAfee's management, such as integrating and incorporating new operations,
product lines, technologies and personnel. If McAfee's management is unable to
manage these challenges, McAfee's business, financial condition and results of
operations could be materially and adversely affected. Any acquisition,
depending on its size, could result in the use of a significant portion of
McAfee's available cash, or if such acquisition is made utilizing McAfee's
securities, could result in significant dilution to McAfee's stockholders.
Furthermore, there can be no assurance that any acquired products will gain
acceptance in McAfee's markets.
Reliance on Indirect Channels of Distribution. McAfee markets a significant
portion of its products to end-users through distributors. In particular, Ingram
Micro Devices has accounted for 17%, 12% and 12% of net revenue in 1996, 1995,
and 1994, respectively. These distributors also sell other products that are
complementary to, or compete with, those of McAfee. While McAfee encourages its
distributors to focus on their respective products through marketing and support
programs, there can be no assurance that these distributors will not give
greater priority to products of other suppliers, including competitors.
Distributors have no long-term obligations to purchase products from McAfee. In
addition, McAfee has begun to recognize revenue for products sold through
distributors upon sales to distributors. Since McAfee's agreements with its
distributors provide for a right of return, revenue recognized upon sales to
distributors is subject to a reserve for returns. There can be no assurance that
any future reserves for returns will be adequate.
Proprietary Technology. McAfee's success is heavily dependent upon its
proprietary software technology. McAfee relies on a combination of contractual
rights, trademarks, trade secrets and copyrights to establish and protect
proprietary rights in its software. McAfee has not to date applied for or
obtained
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any patents or registered any of its copyrights and has only registered selected
trademarks. SABER is a trademark of a subsidiary of the SABRE Group, Inc. and is
licensed to McAfee pursuant to a non-exclusive worldwide, royalty free license.
McAfee is not otherwise affiliated with the SABRE Group, Inc. or SABRE Travel
Information Network. In the event that the license of the trademark were to
expire, or be terminated, McAfee could be required to cease using the trademark
on its products, which could involve significant expense and the possibility of
customer confusion. Any loss of McAfee's ability to use this trademark could
have a material adverse effect on McAfee's business, financial condition and
results of operations. See "Business -- Proprietary Technology."
McAfee does not typically obtain signed license agreements from its
corporate, government and institutional customers who license products directly
from McAfee. McAfee includes an electronic version of a "shrink-wrap" license in
all of its electronically distributed software and a printed license in the box
for its products distributed through traditional distribution channels in order
to protect its copyrights and trade secrets in those products. Since none of
these licenses are signed by the licensee, many authorities believe that they
may not be enforceable under many state laws and the laws of many foreign
jurisdictions.
In addition, the laws of some foreign countries either do not protect
McAfee's proprietary rights or offer only limited protection for those rights.
Furthermore, McAfee has obtained only one foreign registration of its "McAfee"
trademark, and publication in two jurisdictions, due to the significant costs
involved. As a result, McAfee may not be able to prevent a third party from
using its trademarks in many foreign jurisdictions.
There can be no assurance that the steps taken by McAfee to protect its
proprietary software technology will be adequate to deter misappropriation of
this technology. McAfee is aware that a substantial number of users of its
anti-virus products have not paid any registration or license fees to McAfee.
Changing legal interpretations of liability for unauthorized use of McAfee's
software, or lessened sensitivity by corporate, government or institutional
users to avoiding copyright infringement, would have a material adverse effect
on McAfee's business, financial condition and results of operations.
There has also been substantial industry litigation regarding intellectual
property rights of technology companies. Although McAfee does not believe that
it is infringing the intellectual property rights of others, it receives claims
from time to time, and McAfee has in the past been subject to litigation related
to its intellectual property. There can be no assurance that such claims will
not be asserted against McAfee in the future or that the outcome of any such
claims would not have a material adverse effect on McAfee's business, financial
condition and results of operations. In addition, as McAfee may acquire a
portion of the software included in its future products from third parties, its
exposure to infringement actions may increase because McAfee must rely upon such
third parties for information as to the origin and ownership of any software
being acquired. In the future, litigation may be necessary to enforce and
protect trade secrets and other intellectual property rights owned by McAfee.
McAfee may also be subject to litigation to defend it against claimed
infringement of the rights of others or to determine the scope and validity of
the proprietary rights of others. Any such litigation could be costly and cause
diversion of management's attention, either of which could have a material
adverse effect on McAfee's business, financial condition and results of
operations. Adverse determinations in such litigation could result in the loss
of McAfee's proprietary rights, subject McAfee to significant liabilities,
require McAfee to seek licenses from third parties or prevent McAfee from
manufacturing or selling its products, any one of which could have a material
adverse effect on McAfee's business, financial condition and results of
operations. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that any necessary licenses
will be available on reasonable terms, or at all. See "Business -- Proprietary
Technology."
Risks Related to International License Revenue. In 1996, 1995 and 1994 net
revenue from international licenses (license revenue from outside the United
States and Canada) represented approximately 19%, 29% and 23%, respectively, of
McAfee's net revenue. McAfee expects that net revenue from international
licenses will continue to account for a significant portion of net revenue. With
the acquisition of European distributors in late 1995, a significant portion of
McAfee's international revenue in 1997 is expected to be
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denominated in local currency. The Company has not engaged in any material
attempt to offset or "hedge" U.S. foreign currency transaction exposure. To
date, the Company's results of operations have not been significantly affected
by currency fluctuation, however, there can be no assurance that the Company's
future results of operations will not be adversely affected by such
fluctuations. Risks inherent in McAfee's international revenue generally include
the impact of fluctuating exchange rates, longer payment cycles, greater
difficulty in accounts receivable collection, unexpected changes in regulatory
requirements, seasonality due to the slowdown in European business activity
during the third quarter, and tariffs and other trade barriers. There can be no
assurance that these factors will not have a material adverse effect on McAfee's
future international license revenue. Further, in countries with a high
incidence of software piracy, McAfee may experience a higher rate of piracy of
its products. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition
and Results of Operations."
In addition, a significant portion of McAfee's international revenue is
generated through independent agents. Since these agents are not employees of
McAfee and are not required to offer McAfee's products exclusively, there can be
no assurance that they will continue to market McAfee's products. Also, McAfee
currently has limited control over its agents. For example, McAfee is dependent
upon its international agents to provide it with information regarding licensees
and there can be no assurance that McAfee will be able to obtain sufficient
information to contact such licensees, if necessary, regarding renewal. In
addition, McAfee may be unaware of the nature and scope of the representations
made to customers by these agents. For example, independent agents could make
representations to customers about McAfee's current and future products which
are inaccurate or incomplete, which could result in the products not meeting
customers' expectations or requirements
Dependence upon Key Personnel. McAfee's success will depend to a significant
extent upon a number of key technical and management employees. While McAfee's
employees are required to sign standard agreements concerning confidentiality
and ownership of inventions, the employees are generally not otherwise subject
to employment agreements and McAfee employees are generally not subject to
noncompetition covenants. The loss of the services of any of McAfee's key
employees could have a material adverse effect on its business, financial
condition and results of operations. McAfee does not maintain life insurance
policies on its key employees. McAfee's success will also depend in large part
upon its ability to attract and retain highly-skilled technical, managerial,
sales and marketing personnel. Competition for such personnel is intense. There
can be no assurance that McAfee will be successful in retaining its existing key
personnel and in attracting and retaining the personnel it requires.
Risk of Sabotage. Given McAfee's high profile in the anti-virus software
market, McAfee has been a target of computer "hackers" who have created viruses
to sabotage McAfee's products. While to date these viruses have been discovered
quickly and their dissemination has been limited, there can be no assurance that
similar viruses will not be created in the future, that they will not cause
damage to users' computer systems and that demand for McAfee's software products
will not suffer as a result. In addition, since McAfee does not control diskette
duplication by distributors or its independent agents, there can be no assurance
that diskettes containing McAfee's software will not be infected.
Risk of False Detection of Viruses. McAfee's anti-virus software products
have in the past and may at times in the future falsely detect viruses that do
not actually exist. Such "false alarms," while typical in the industry, may
impair the perceived reliability of McAfee's products and may therefore
adversely impact market acceptance of McAfee's products. In addition, McAfee has
in the past been subject to litigation claiming damages related to a false
alarm, and there can be no assurance that similar claims will not be made in the
future.
Effect of Certain Provisions; Anti-Takeover Effects of Certificate of
Incorporation, Bylaws and Delaware Law; Limitation of Liability of Directors.
The McAfee Board of Directors has the authority to issue up to 5,000,000 shares
of Preferred Stock and to determine the price, rights, preferences, privileges
and restrictions, including voting rights, of those shares without any further
vote or action by its stockholders. The rights of the holders of McAfee common
stock will be subject to, and may be adversely
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affected by, the rights of the holders of any Preferred Stock that may be issued
in the future. The issuance of Preferred Stock, while providing desirable
flexibility in connection with possible acquisitions and other corporate
purposes, could have the effect of making it more difficult for a third party to
acquire a majority of the outstanding voting stock of McAfee. McAfee has no
present plans to issue shares of Preferred Stock. Further, certain provisions of
Delaware law and McAfee's Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws, such as a
classified board, could delay or make more difficult a merger, tender offer or
proxy contest involving McAfee. While such provisions are intended to enable the
McAfee Board of Directors to maximize stockholder value, they may have the
effect of discouraging takeovers which could be in the best interest of certain
stockholders. There is no assurance that such provisions will not have an
adverse effect on the market value of McAfee common stock in the future. In
addition, McAfee's charter provides that its directors shall not be personally
liable to McAfee or its stockholders for monetary damages in the event of a
breach of fiduciary duty to the extent permitted by Delaware law.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
The Company's headquarters currently occupy approximately 62,000 square feet
in facilities located in Santa Clara, California under leases expiring in 2000.
The Company is also the tenant for the remaining 13,000 square feet of its
headquarters building, but has subleased that space through 1997. The Company's
east coast offices occupy approximately 12,000 square feet in a facility located
in Tinton Falls, New Jersey under a lease which expires in 1997. The Company's
Dallas offices occupy approximately 32,000 square feet under a lease which
expires in 2002. The Company's Virginia offices occupy approximately 10,000
square feet under a lease which expires in 2001. The Company also leases sales
offices on a monthly basis. On April 1st, 1997, the Company expects to enter
into a lease agreement for property in Santa Clara, California of 105,000 square
feet with a total value of approximately $6.0 million over four years. The
Company has also agreed to purchase personal property in connection with this
lease for approximately $3.0 million. The Company believes that its existing
facilities are adequate for the present and that additional space will be
available as needed.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
The Company is not currently subject to any material legal proceedings.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
No matters were submitted to a vote of security holders during the fourth
quarter of the fiscal year ended December 31, 1996.
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PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER
MATTERS
PRICE RANGE OF COMMON STOCK
Since the Company's initial public offering on October 6, 1992, the
Company's Common Stock has traded on the NASDAQ National Market under the symbol
MCAF. The following table sets forth, for the period indicated, the high and low
closing sales prices for the Common Stock for the last eight quarters, all as
reported by NASDAQ.
High Low
---- ---
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1995
First Quarter $ 8.85 $ 4.48
Second Quarter 9.96 8.08
Third Quarter 16.37 8.41
Fourth Quarter 22.89 12.67
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1996
First Quarter $28.50 $14.33
Second Quarter 35.00 23.78
Third Quarter 46.92 30.83
Fourth Quarter 52.50 41.75
The above prices per share are adjusted to reflect 3:2 stock splits (effected as
stock dividends) distributed to stockholders in October 1995, April 1996 and
October 1996.
As of December 31, 1996, there were approximately 250 stockholders of record of
the Company's Common Stock. On August 30, 1996 the Company acquired a
controlling interest in FSA Corporation through a transaction in which FSA
Corporation issued, to its sole shareholder, shares which are exchangeable at
any time into 375,000 shares of McAfee common stock. The transaction was exempt
from the registration requirements of Section 5 of the Securities Act pursuant
to Section 4 (2).
DIVIDEND POLICY
The Company has not paid any cash dividends since its reorganization into
a corporate form in October 1992. The Company intends to retain future earnings
for use in its business and does not anticipate paying cash dividends in the
foreseeable future.
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20
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The selected financial data presented below for, and as of the end of, each
of the years in the five-year period ended December 31, 1996, have been derived
from the financial statements of the Company. This data should be read in
conjunction with "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition
and Results of Operations" and with the audited financial statements, related
notes and other financial information appearing elsewhere. In 1996, the Company
acquired a controlling interest in FSA Corporation, in a transaction accounted
for as a pooling of interests. FSA Corporation's 1996 results have been included
in the Company's consolidated results, however, 1995 results have not been
restated as the effect was not material. In 1995, the Company acquired Saber
Software Corporation ("Saber") in a transaction accounted for as a pooling of
interests. All amounts have been restated to reflect the combined operations of
Saber for all periods presented.
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
------------------------
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE AMOUNTS)
1996 1995 1994 1993 1992
---- ---- ---- ---- ----
STATEMENTS OF INCOME DATA:
Net revenue.................... $181,126 $90,065 $52,937 $31,039 $20,836
Income from operations......... 67,269 24,258 3,285 13,350 11,463
Income before income taxes..... 70,730 25,971 4,158 14,144 7,193
Net income .................... 39,017 14,916 2,605 8,506 11,790
Net income per share (1)....... $0.73 $0.30 $0.06 $0.19 -
Shares used in per share
calculation (1).............. 53,207 49,365 46,175 43,920 -
UNAUDITED PRO FORMA STATEMENTS OF INCOME
DATA(2):
Net revenue.................... $20,836
Income from operations......... 11,463
Income before income taxes..... 11,737
Net income..................... 7,062
Net income per share........... $0.17
Shares used in per
share calculation............ 40,928
DECEMBER 31,
------------
1996 1995 1994 1993 1992
---- ---- ---- ---- ----
BALANCE SHEET DATA:
Working capital....... $122,653 $54,832 $31,594 $22,994 $13,123
Total assets.......... 194,485 104,020 73,757 44,095 31,791
Deferred revenue...... 23,845 29,420 31,549 19,494 16,112
Total equity ......... 149,527 63,542 36,911 17,989 9,142
- ----------
(1) See pro forma amounts for 1992.
(2) The pro forma statement of income data for 1992 reflects an estimate of
the Company's financial results that would have been reported had the Company
been a corporation since inception and had the Company's outstanding debentures
been exchanged for the Company's common stock upon issuance. The pro forma
adjustments to the Company's historical statements of income include the
reversal of the interest expense associated with the debentures and a provision
for income taxes.
20
21
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF
OPERATIONS
OVERVIEW
The Company licenses network security and management products, including help
desk and storage management software. Historically, net revenue from
subscription licenses for anti-virus software was generally recognized ratably
over the two year license period because there was no basis for unbundling the
separate maintenance portion of the license, while net revenue from subscription
licenses for network management software was generally recognized 80% at the
time of the licensing transaction with the remaining 20% , representing the
maintenance portion of the license fee, recognized ratably over the two year
license period. Effective July 1, 1995, the Company established a basis for
unbundling the maintenance portion of the anti-virus subscription license and
began to generally recognize 80% of license fees for electronically distributed
anti-virus software at the time of the licensing transaction. The deferred
revenue from anti-virus subscription licenses entered into prior to July 1, 1995
continues to be recognized over the original 24-month subscription period. This
results in incremental license revenue being recognized over the eight quarters
beginning July 1, 1995 with a corresponding decrease in the amount of deferred
revenue on the Company's balance sheet. Revenue from perpetual licenses, for
which maintenance is sold separately, is recognized in full upon the initial
sale.
As a result of the change in revenue recognition for anti-virus subscription
licenses, period-to-period results are not directly comparable and should not be
relied upon as indicative of future performance. In addition, since a decreasing
percentage of the Company's net revenue is attributable to the recognition of
previously deferred revenue, the Company's net revenue in future periods may be
subject to greater fluctuations on a quarter-to-quarter basis.
In addition to direct subscription and perpetual licenses, the Company sells
its network security and management products with shrink-wrap licenses through
traditional distribution channels. Historically, net revenue generated from
sales of these shrink-wrapped products through traditional channels was
recognized 100% at the time of sell-through of the products. However, based upon
the history that the Company has now developed with indirect distribution,
effective July 1, 1995, the Company began to recognize revenue from sales to
distributors upon shipment, subject to a reserve for returns. The impact of this
change on the consolidated financial statements was not material.
21
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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
FISCAL YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1996, 1995 AND 1994
The following table sets forth for the periods indicated the percentage of
net revenue represented by certain items in the Company's Statements of Income.
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
1996 1995 1994
---- ---- ----
Net revenue............................................................ 100% 100% 100%
Operating costs and expenses:
Cost of net revenue.................................................. 6 5 9
Research and development............................................. 12 10 13
Marketing and sales.................................................. 29 33 34
General and administrative........................................... 8 9 11
Amortization of intangibles.......................................... 2 2 1
Acquisition and other unusual costs.................................. 6 14 26
-- -- --
Total operating costs and expenses........................... 63 73 94
-- -- --
Income from operations..................................... 37 27 6
Other income, net...................................................... 2 2 2
-- -- --
Income before provision for income taxes................... 39 29 8
Provision for income taxes............................................. 18 12 3
Net income................................................. 21% 17% 5%
=== === ==
Net Revenue. Net revenue increased 101% to $181.1 million in 1996 from $90.1
million in 1995, and 70% from $52.9 million in 1994. The increases in net
revenue were primarily due to increases in the licensing of anti-virus software
products to new customers and renewing expiring anti-virus licenses. The
increase is also attributable to a lessor extent to the licensing of network
management, security and help desk software to new and existing customers.
Finally, the change in revenue recognition described below contributed to the
increases in both 1996 and 1995. See Note 2 of Notes to the Company's financial
statements for a discussion of the effects of the change in revenue recognition.
International licenses accounted for approximately 19%, 29% and 23% of net
revenue for 1996, 1995 and 1994, respectively. The decrease in international net
revenue as a percentage of net revenue from 1995 to 1996 was due primarily to
domestic revenue growing at a faster rate. International net revenue grew in
absolute dollars in 1996. The increase in international net revenue as a
percentage of net revenue from 1994 to 1995 was due primarily to the Company
establishing operations in Europe and the acquisition by the Company of its
former European distributors. The Company considers the local currency to be the
functional currency for its international subsidiaries. As a result, a
significant portion of the Company's revenue from international license fees is
denominated in local currencies. The Company has engaged in minimal efforts to
attempt to offset or "hedge" its foreign currency transaction exposure. However,
with the increasing volatility in world currency markets it is likely that the
Company's hedging activities will increase. To date, the Company's results of
operations have not been significantly affected by currency fluctuations,
however, there can be no assurance that the Company's future results of
operations will not be adversely affected by such fluctuations. Risks inherent
in the Company's international sales also generally include the impact of
fluctuating exchange rates on demand for its products, longer payment cycles,
greater difficulty in accounts receivable collection, unexpected changes in
regulatory requirements, seasonality due to the slowdown in European business
activity during the third quarter, and tariffs and other trade barriers. There
can be no assurance that these factors will not have a material adverse effect
on the Company's future international license revenue. Further, in countries
with a high incidence of software piracy, the Company may experience a higher
rate of piracy of its products.
22
23
Cost of Net Revenue. The Company has historically distributed the majority of
its products electronically, and as a result, its cost of net revenue is low
relative to traditional software vendors. The Company's cost of net revenue
consists primarily of the cost of media, manuals and packaging for products
distributed through traditional channels, and royalties, amortization of
software development costs and customer support pertaining to Saber. In 1996,
cost of net revenue increased 130% to $11.1 million from $4.8 million in 1995.
This increase is largely due to a corresponding increase in net revenue. In
1995, the cost of net revenue increased 2% to $4.8 million from $4.7 million in
1994. As a percentage of net revenue, cost of net revenue increased in 1996 to
6% compared to 5% in 1995. The increase is largely attributable to an increase
in revenue from packaged product sold through the retail channel. In 1995, the
cost of net revenue decreased to 5% from 9% in 1994. This decrease resulted from
decreased royalty obligations and decreases in the amortization of software
development costs. To the extent that the percentage of the Company's net
revenue which is generated through traditional distribution channels increases,
the Company's cost of net revenue will increase and, accordingly, gross margins
will decrease. In addition, to the extent that the Company increases its
reliance on retail distribution, it may encounter problems related to product
returns and limited shelf space availability.
Research and Development. Research and development expenses consist primarily
of salary and benefits for the Company's software development and technical
support staff. Research and development expenses increased 137% to $22.2 million
in 1996 from $9.4 million in 1995. From 1994 to 1995, research and development
expenses increased 36% from $6.9 million. These increases were primarily a
result of the expansion of the Company's product development and technical
support staff and, to a lesser extent, the increased use of independent
contractors. In addition, in 1996, the Company increased development spending
associated with help desk products in connection with the Vycor acquisition and
increased its investment in security and encryption products associated with the
FSA acquisition. As a percentage of net revenue, research and development
expenses increased to 12% in 1996 from 10% in 1995. Research and development
spending decreased as a percentage of net revenue in 1995 to 10% from 13% in
1994. This decrease primarily reflected the increase in net revenue that
occurred in 1995. The Company anticipates that research and development expenses
will continue to increase in absolute dollars, but may fluctuate as a percentage
of net revenue.
The Company's future success depends in large part upon its ability to
continue to offer a broad range of network management and security products, to
continue to enhance its existing products, to develop and introduce in a timely
manner new products that take advantage of technological advances and to respond
to new customer requirements. The timing and amount of research and development
expenses may vary significantly based upon the number of new products and
significant upgrades under development during a given period.
Marketing and Sales. Marketing and sales expenses consist primarily of
salary, commissions and benefits for marketing, sales and customer support
personnel and costs associated with advertising and promotions. Marketing and
sales expenses increased 72% to $51.3 million in 1996 from $29.8 million in
1995. From 1994 to 1995, marketing and sales expenses increased 67% from $17.8
million in 1994. These increases were primarily the result of an increase in
marketing and sales personnel and, to a lesser extent, increased advertising and
promotional expenses. As a percentage of net revenue, marketing and sales
expense decreased to 29% in 1996 from 33% in 1995 and 34% in 1994. This decrease
primarily reflects growth in the Company's net revenue. The Company is seeking
to expand its product line in the future, and such expansion could contribute to
a further increase in marketing and sales expenses.
General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses consist
principally of salary and benefit costs for administrative personnel and general
operating costs. General and administrative costs increased 93% to $14.9 million
in 1996 from $7.8 million in 1995. From 1994 to 1995, general and administrative
expenses increased 35% from $5.7 million. The increase in 1996 is largely a
result of a concerted effort to strengthen the infrastructure of the Company
both domestically and internationally to accommodate the growth in revenue.
Additionally, the Company reserved $1.5 million in connection with a dispute
with respect to the timing of prior tax payments and also incurred additional
expense related to
23
24
the acquisition of FSA Corporation. As a percentage of net revenue, general and
administrative expenses decreased to 8% in 1996 from 9% in 1995 and 11% in 1994.
These decreases primarily reflect growth in the Company's net revenue. The
Company intends to continue to make investments in its finance and
administrative infrastructure, and, as a result, expects general and
administrative expenses will increase in absolute dollars, but may fluctuate as
a percentage of net revenue.
Acquisition and Other Unusual Costs
On August 30, 1996, the Company acquired a controlling interest in FSA
Corporation of Calgary, Canada, a developer of security software for 534,000
shares and options to purchase shares of McAfee common stock. The combination
was accounted for as a pooling of interests. FSA's 1996 results have been
included in the Company's consolidated results, however 1995 results have not
been restated as the effect was not material.
During the second quarter of 1996, the Company acquired in-process technology
from Interactive Distributed Systems Software GmbH of Linz, Austria. The
purchase price and related transaction costs of approximately $2.1 million were
charged to operations during this period.
In the first quarter of 1996, the Company acquired Vycor Corporation for
$9.0 million in cash. Of the total purchase price, $7.8 million of in-process
technology was charged to operations and approximately $0.4 million of
transaction and restructuring costs were expensed in the quarter ended March 31,
1996.
The Company acquired Saber Software Corporation, Inc. in the third quarter of
1995. The acquisition was accounted for as a pooling of interests. In connection
with this acquisition, the Company expensed approximately $2.5 million in
transaction costs and approximately $4.3 million in other costs primarily
relating to severance costs, allowances for sales returns and inventory
valuation, the write-off of certain capitalized software development costs, the
cancellation of certain contractual obligations, and the elimination of certain
duplicative facilities. The Company also incurred other unusual costs during the
three months ended September 30, 1995 consisting of an accrual for approximately
$1.7 million in settlement and other legal costs associated with a lawsuit filed
against Saber which was settled in October 1995.
During the third quarter of 1995, the Company acquired Assurdata, its former
French distributor and received a fully paid up worldwide perpetual license to
certain in-process technology from an affiliate of Assurdata for approximately
$0.8 million in cash, an earnout providing for additional payments of up to
approximately $0.8 million and a warrant to purchase 33,750 shares of the
Company's common stock at the fair market value on the date of issuance.
Approximately $0.6 million of the purchase price was allocated to in-process
technology which was expensed during the third quarter.
During the third quarter of 1995, the Company also acquired IPE , its former
UK distributor for $2.5 million in cash. At the effective date, IPE's only
assets consisted of a distribution agreement and a distribution agreement with
the Company. Approximately $2.0 million was charged to operations to write off
the value of the agreement and related legal costs in the third and fourth
quarter of 1995.
In the fourth quarter of 1995, the Company repurchased distribution rights
and customer lists from its three major German distributors for approximately
$1.9 million including legal fees. The entire amount was expensed in the
quarter.
In the first quarter of 1994, the Company acquired substantially all of the
assets and assumed certain liabilities of Brightwork for $10.3 million in cash
and related acquisition costs of $0.5 million. The acquisition was accounted for
as a purchase. Of the $7.8 million of the purchase price allocated to
technology, $7.1 million was attributed to in-process technology and expensed in
1994. Certain other acquisition costs related to the Brightwork acquisition
aggregating $0.1 million were also expensed in the three months ended March 31,
1994. In the second quarter of 1994, the Company acquired certain net assets of
ADS for $5.0 million in cash and related acquisition costs of $0.7 million. In
addition, the
24
25
Company paid an additional $0.3 million in 1995 in connection with the
acquisition. Of the $6.8 million allocated to acquired technology, $5.5 million
was allocated to in-process technology and expensed together with other costs of
approximately $0.2 million in the three months ended June 30, 1994. In addition,
$3.9 million of related intangible assets as a result of the Brightwork and ADS
acquisitions are being amortized over three to five years.
In the third quarter of 1994, Saber acquired certain products from Technology
Works, Inc. for approximately $0.8 million. This amount was allocated to
in-process technology and expensed. As a result of the acquisition, the Company
also expensed previously capitalized software and transaction costs which
totaled $0.1 million.
Interest and Miscellaneous Income. Interest and miscellaneous income
increased to $3.5 million in 1996 from $1.7 million in 1995 and $0.9 million in
1994. Interest and miscellaneous income increased from 1995 to 1996 and from
1994 to 1995 due to the investment of cash generated from operating activities.
Provision for Income Taxes. The Company's effective tax rate for 1996, 1995
and 1994 was 44.9%, 42.6% and 37.4% respectively. The provision for income taxes
for each year presented includes the effect of a net deferred tax asset arising
from the different treatment of revenue recognition for tax and financial
reporting purposes and for differing treatment of purchased intangible assets
and in-process technology. The increase in the effective rate from 1994 to 1995
relates principally to permanent differences arising from the non-deductibility
of certain acquisition costs.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Since inception the Company has financed its operations primarily from
internally generated funds. As of December 31, 1996, the Company had $140.8
million in cash and cash equivalents and investments and no borrowings.
Net cash provided by operating activities was $46.4 million, $10.6 million
and $15.0 million in 1996, 1995 and 1994, respectively. Net cash provided by
operating activities in 1996 consisted primarily of net income plus accounts
payable and accrued liabilities which were offset primarily by an increase in
accounts receivable and deferred revenue. In 1995, net cash provided by
operating activities consisted primarily of net income plus accounts payable and
accrued liabilities which was offset primarily by increases in accounts
receivable and refundable income taxes. In 1994, net cash provided by operating
activities consisted primarily of net income, the non-cash write-off of
in-process technology and deferred revenue offset primarily by increases in
accounts receivable.
Net cash used in investing activities was $47.0 million, $12.4 million and
$18.8 million in 1996, 1995 and 1994, respectively, primarily reflecting
investments in marketable securities, also for 1996, additions to fixed assets
and for 1994, acquired assets.
Net cash provided by financing activities was $46.4 million, $11.7 million
and $12.9 million in 1996, 1995, and 1994 respectively, consisting primarily of
the proceeds and tax benefits associated with the exercise of non-qualified
stock options, and for 1994, the proceeds of the initial public stock offering
of Saber.
The Company believes that its available cash and anticipated cash flow from
operations will be sufficient to fund the Company's working capital and capital
expenditure requirements for at least the next twelve months.
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26
QUARTERLY OPERATING RESULTS (UNAUDITED)
DEC. 31, SEPT. 30, JUNE 30, MARCH 31, DEC. 31, SEPT. 30, JUNE 30, MARCH 31,
1996 1996 1996 1996 1995 1995 1995 1995
--------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
STATEMENTS OF INCOME
AND OTHER DATA:
Net revenue ................ $ 59,224 $ 47,290 $ 40,767 $ 33,845 $ 29,362 $ 25,613 $ 18,569 $ 16,521
--------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
Operating costs and
expenses:
Cost of net revenue ...... 3,837 2,703 2,450 2,067 1,262 877 1,421 1,241
Research and development . 7,979 5,650 4,752 3,810 2,394 2,572 2,368 2,020
Marketing and sales ...... 16,662 13,485 11,596 9,583 9,135 7,580 6,934 6,113
General and
administrative ......... 5,073 4,202 2,961 2,713 2,223 2,256 1,735 1,537
Amortization of
intangibles ........... 874 646 1,099 550 414 414 264 264
Acquisition and
other unusual costs .... -- -- 2,868 8,297 1,999 10,784 -- --
--------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
Total operating
costs and expenses . 34,425 26,686 25,726 27,020 17,427 24,483 12,722 11,175
--------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
Income from
operations ........ 24,799 20,604 15,041 6,825 11,935 1,130 5,847 5,346
Interest income ............ 1,297 922 645 597 454 518 422 319
--------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
Income before
income taxes ..... 26,096 21,526 15,686 7,422 12,389 1,648 6,269 5,665
Provision for income taxes . 10,460 8,628 6,286 6,339 5,079 1,218 2,506 2,252
--------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
Net income ......... $ 15,636 $ 12,898 $ 9,400 $ 1,083 $ 7,310 $ 430 $ 3,763 $ 3,413
========= ========= ========= ========= ========= ========= ========= =========
Net income per share ....... $ 0.29 $ 0.24 $ 0.18 $ 0.02 $ 0.14 $ 0.01 $ 0.08 $ 0.07
========= ========= ========= ========= ========= ========= ========= =========
PERCENTAGE OF NET
REVENUE:
Net revenue ................ 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
--------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
Operating costs and
expenses:
Cost of net revenue ...... 6 6 6 6 4 3 8 8
Research and development . 13 12 12 11 8 10 13 12
Marketing and sales ...... 28 28 28 28 31 30 37 37
General and
administrative ......... 9 9 7 8 8 9 9 9
Amortization of
intangibles ........... 2 1 3 2 1 2 1 2
Acquisition and other
unusual costs .......... -- -- 7 25 7 42 -- -
--------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
Total operating
costs and
expenses ......... 58 56 63 80 59 96 68 68
--------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
Income from
operations ..... 42 44 37 20 41 4 32 32
Interest income ............ 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
--------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
Income before
income taxes ........... 44 46 38 22 43 6 34 34
Provision for income taxes . 18 18 15 19 17 5 13 14
--------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
Net income ......... 26% 28% 23% 3% 26% 1% 21% 20%
========= ========= ========= ========= ========= ========= ========= =========
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27
Variability of Quarterly Operating Results. In view of the Company's
acquisitions in various quarters of 1996 and 1995 and the changes in revenue
recognition in 1995, the growth in revenues and operating income experienced by
the Company in 1996 and 1995 are not necessarily indicative of future results.
In addition, the Company believes that period-to-period comparisons of its
financial results should not be relied upon as an indication of future
performance.
The Company's licensing activity and results of operations can fluctuate
significantly on a quarterly basis. Causes of such fluctuations may include the
volume and timing of new orders and renewals, the introduction of new products
or upgrades by the Company or its competitors, changes in product mix,
seasonality, trends in the computer industry, general economic conditions,
extraordinary events such as acquisitions or litigation and the occurrence of
unexpected events. Because of the nature of the Company's distribution methods,
it generally cannot predict when a user will license its products. Historically,
renewals have accounted for a significant portion of the Company's net revenue,
however, there can be no assurance that renewal rates will not decline in the
future.
Significant quarterly fluctuations in licensing activity will cause
significant fluctuations in the Company's cash flows and the cash and cash
equivalents, accounts receivable and deferred revenue accounts on the Company's
balance sheet. In addition, the operating results of many software companies
reflect seasonal trends, and the Company's business, financial condition or
results of operations may be affected by such trends in the future. Such trends
may include higher revenue in the fourth quarter as many customers complete
annual budgetary cycles, and lower revenue in the summer months when many
businesses experience lower sales, particularly in the European market.
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
The Financial Statements and supplementary data of the Company required by
this item are set forth at the pages indicated at Item 14(a).
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
Not applicable.
PART III
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT
The information required hereunder is incorporated by reference from the
Company's Proxy Statement to be filed in connection with Company's annual
meeting of Stockholders to be held May 28, 1997.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The information required hereunder is incorporated by reference from the
Company's Proxy Statement to be filed in connection with Company's annual
meeting of Stockholders to be held May 28, 1997.
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT
The information required hereunder is incorporated by reference from the
Company's Proxy Statement to be filed in connection with Company's annual
meeting of Stockholders to be held May 28, 1997.
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28
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
The information required hereunder is incorporated by reference from the
Company's Proxy Statement to be filed in connection with Company's annual
meeting of Stockholders to be held May 28, 1997.
PART IV
ITEM 14. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K
(a)(1) Financial Statements:
PAGE
NUMBER
------
Report of Independent Accountants 29
Consolidated Balance Sheets:
December 31, 1996 and 1995 30
Consolidated Statements of Income:
Years ended December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994 31
Consolidated Statements of
Stockholders' Equity 32
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows:
Years ended December 31, 1996, 1995, and 1994 33
Notes to Financial Statements 34
(a)(2) Financial Statement Schedules
Report of Independent Accountants
Schedule II - Schedule of Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
Other Schedules are omitted because the conditions required for filing do not
exist or the required information is included in the financial statements or
notes thereto.
(a)(3) Exhibits: See Index to Exhibits on Page 45. The Exhibits listed in the
accompanying Index of Exhibits are filed or incorporated by reference as
part of this report.
(b)Reports on Form 8-K: On September 24, 1996, McAfee filed a Form 8-K
reporting the closing of the Company's acquisition of FSA Corporation.
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29
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS
To the Stockholders
McAfee Associates, Inc.
Santa Clara, California
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of McAfee
Associates, Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 1996 and 1995, and the
related consolidated statements of income, stockholders' equity and cash flows
for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 1996. These
consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's
management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated
financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with generally accepted auditing
standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material
misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting
the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes
assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by
management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.
We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above
present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of McAfee
Associates, Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 1996 and 1995 and the
results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in
the period ended December 31, 1996, in conformity with generally accepted
accounting principles.
COOPERS & LYBRAND L.L.P.
San Jose, California
January 20, 1997, except for
the matters discussed in Note 11 for which the date is March 1, 1997
29
30
MCAFEE ASSOCIATES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE DATA)
DECEMBER 31, DECEMBER 31,
-------------------------
1996 1995
----------- -----------
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents ......................................... $ 76,363 $ 30,299
Short term investments ............................................ 50,368 25,058
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts
and returns of $3,027 in 1996 $2,279 in 1995 ................ 25,930 20,892
Prepaids and other current assets ................................. 5,097 3,373
Prepaid income taxes .............................................. 1,869 6,064
Deferred taxes .................................................... 4,321 4,999
----------- -----------
Total current assets ...................................... 163,948 90,685
Long term investments ............................................... 14,021 --
Fixed assets, net ................................................... 7,486 3,399
Deferred taxes ...................................................... 7,719 6,513
Intangible assets, net .............................................. 1,001 3,129
Other assets ........................................................ 310 294
----------- -----------
Total assets .............................................. $ 194,485 $ 104,020
=========== ===========
LIABILITIES
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable .................................................. $ 5,379 $ 2,214
Accrued liabilities ............................................... 15,734 8,844
Deferred revenue .................................................. 20,182 24,795
----------- -----------
Total current liabilities ................................. 41,295 35,853
Deferred revenue, less current portion .............................. 3,663 4,625
----------- -----------
Total liabilities ......................................... 44,958 40,478
----------- -----------
Commitments (Note 6)
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY Preferred stock, $.01 par value:
Authorized: 5,000,000 shares;
Issued and outstanding: none
Common stock, $.01 par value:
Authorized: 100,000,000 shares;
Issued and outstanding: 48,662,489 shares in 1996 and
46,129,887 shares in 1995 ......................................... 488 461
Additional paid-in capital .......................................... 77,259 30,889
Retained earnings ................................................... 71,780 32,192
----------- -----------
Total stockholders' equity ................................ 149,527 63,542
----------- -----------
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity ................ $ 194,485 $ 104,020
=========== ===========
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these
consolidated financial statements.
30
31
MCAFEE ASSOCIATES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
------------------------------------------
1996 1995 1994
------------ ------------ ------------
Net revenue ................................................ $ 181,126 $ 90,065 $ 52,937
Operating costs and expenses:
Cost of net revenue ...................................... 11,057 4,801 4,684
Research and development ................................. 22,191 9,354 6,857
Marketing and sales ...................................... 51,326 29,762 17,798
General and administrative ............................... 14,949 7,751 5,733
Amortization of intangibles .............................. 3,169 1,356 792
Acquisition and other unusual costs ...................... 11,165 12,783 13,788
------------ ------------ ------------
Total operating costs and expenses .................. 113,857 65,807 49,652
------------ ------------ ------------
Income from operations ........................... 67,269 24,258 3,285
Interest and miscellaneous income, net ..................... 3,461 1,713 873
------------ ------------ ------------
Income before provision for income taxes ......... 70,730 25,971 4,158
Provision for income taxes ................................. 31,713 11,055 1,553
------------ ------------ ------------
Net income ....................................... $ 39,017 $ 14,916 $ 2,605
============ ============ ============
Net income per share ....................................... $ 0.73 $ 0.30 $ 0.06
============ ============ ============
Shares used in per share calculation ....................... 53,207 49,365 46,175
============ ============ ============
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these
consolidated financial statements.
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32
MCAFEE ASSOCIATES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(IN THOUSANDS)
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
---------------------
COMMON STOCK ADDITIONAL
---------------------------- PAID-IN RETAINED
SHARES AMOUNT CAPITAL EARNINGS TOTAL
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Balances, December 31, 1993 ................. 41,148 $ 411 $ 5,728 $ 14,797 $ 20,936
Issuance of common stock .................. 1,271 13 10,040 -- 10,053
Issuance of common stock upon ............. -- -- -- -- --
exercise of stock options ............... 1,625 16 1,172 -- 1,188
Tax benefit from exercise of
nonqualified stock options .............. -- -- 2,129 -- 2,129
Accretion of Saber preferred
stock prior to conversion ............... -- -- 134 (134) --
Net income ................................ -- -- -- 2,605 2,605
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Balances, December 31, 1994 ................. 44,044 440 19,203 17,268 36,911
Issuance of common stock upon
exercise of stock options ............... 1,987 20 3,514 -- 3,534
Issuance of common stock from
Employee Stock Purchase Plan ............ 99 1 231 -- 232
Tax benefit from exercise of
nonqualified stock options .............. -- -- 8,386 -- 8,386
Secondary offering costs .................. -- -- (445) -- (445)
Foreign currency translation .............. -- -- -- 8 8
Net income ................................ -- -- -- 14,916 14,916
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Balances, December 31, 1995 ................. 46,130 461 30,889 32,192 63,542
Net assets of FSA acquired in
issuance of common stock upon
pooling transaction ..................... -- -- -- 387 387
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Restated balances, December 31, 1995 ........
46,130 461 30,889 32,579 63,929
Issuance of common stock upon
exercise of stock options ............... 2,632 27 13,548 -- 13,575
Issuance of common stock from
Employee Stock Purchase Plan ............ 75 -- 715 -- 715
Fractional shares returned upon
stock split ............................ (175) -- -- -- --
Tax benefit from exercise of
nonqualified stock options .............. -- -- 32,107 -- 32,107
Unrealized gain on investments ............ -- -- -- 184 184
Net income ................................ -- -- -- 39,017 39,017
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Balances, December 31, 1996 ................. 48,662 $ 488 $ 77,259 $ 71,780 $ 149,527
============ ============ ============ ============ ============
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these
consolidated financial statements.
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33
MCAFEE ASSOCIATES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(IN THOUSANDS)
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31
--------------------------------------------
1996 1995 1994
------------ ------------ ------------
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income ............................................................ $ 39,017 $ 14,916 $ 2,605
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided
by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization ...................................... 5,960 2,998 2,305
Provision for doubtful accounts receivable and sales returns ....... 748 809 902
Deferred taxes ..................................................... (528) (939) (7,064)
Compensation related to stock options .............................. -- -- 237
Write-off of acquired in-process technology ........................ -- -- 12,569
Charge for purchased R&D ........................................... -- -- 962
Unrealized gain on investments .................................... 184 -- --
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable .............................................. (5,786) (5,143) (7,543)
Refundable income taxes .......................................... 4,195 (5,228) (836)
Prepaids and other assets ........................................ (1,740) (789) (1,364)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities ......................... 10,055 6,067 2,391
Income taxes payable ............................................. -- -- (522)
Deferred revenue ................................................. (5,575) (2,129) 10,317
------------ ------------ ------------
Net cash provided by operating activities ..................... 46,530 10,562 14,959
------------ ------------ ------------
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of marketable securities .................................... (164,147) (30,800) (85,961)
Sales of marketable securities ........................................ 124,816 20,784 87,919
Additions to fixed assets ............................................. (7,243) (1,608) (2,046)
Acquired assets, net of cash acquired ................................. -- -- (16,892)
Purchases and capitalization of software development costs ........... -- -- (1,853)
Purchased intangibles ................................................. (676) (803) --
Net assets of FSA acquired under pooling transaction .................. 387 -- --
Proceeds from sale of equipment ....................................... -- -- 16
------------ ------------ ------------
Net cash used in investing activities ......................... (46,863) (12,427) (18,817)
------------ ------------ ------------
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of common stock,
net of offering costs ............................................... -- 232 10,053
Proceeds from exercise of stock options ............................... 14,290 3,534 991
Tax benefit from exercise of nonqualified stock options ............... 32,107 8,386 2,129
Cost of secondary security offering ................................... -- (445) --
Payments of long-term debt ............................................ -- -- (238)
------------ ------------ ------------
Net cash provided by financing activities ..................... 46,397 11,707 12,935
------------ ------------ ------------
Effect of exchange rate fluctuations on cash and cash
equivalents ......................................................... -- 8 --
------------ ------------ ------------
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents ............................... 46,064 9,850 9,077
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year........................... 30,299 20,449 11,372
------------ ------------ ------------
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year ................................ $ 76,363 $ 30,299 $ 20,449
============ ============ ============
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid during the year for income taxes ............................ $ 754 $ 9,033 $ 7,891
============ ============ ============
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these
consolidated financial statements.
33
34
MCAFEE ASSOCIATES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. ORGANIZATION AND BUSINESS
McAfee Associates, Inc. (the "Company") develops, markets, distributes and
supports network security and management software products. Development
facilities are located in California and New Jersey, sales facilities are
located in California, Texas, New Jersey and Virginia and products are
distributed to corporate, governmental, and institutional users as well as
resellers and distributors throughout the world. Products and updates are
delivered primarily through electronic distribution under two-year subscription
licenses and as boxed product sold through the retail channel. International
sales and support are provided by subsidiaries in principal European markets and
independent agents and distributors elsewhere internationally.
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Financial Statement Presentation:
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of
the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany
accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
Use of Estimates:
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted
accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that
affect the reported amount of assets and disclosure of contingent assets and
liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of
revenues and expenses during the reported period.
Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Certain Risks and Concentrations:
The Company's product revenues are concentrated in the personal computer
software industry which is highly competitive and rapidly changing. Significant
technological changes in the industry or customer requirements, or the emergence
of competitive products with new capabilities or technologies could adversely
affect operating results. In addition, a significant portion of the Company's
revenue and net income is derived from international sales and independent
agents and distributors. Fluctuations of the U.S. dollar against foreign
currencies, changes in local regulatory or economic conditions, piracy or
nonperformance by independent agents could adversely affect operating results.
The Company maintains the majority of cash balances and all of its short-term
investments with four financial institutions. The Company invests with high
credit quality financial institutions and, by policy, limits the amount of
credit exposure to any one financial institution. The Company has significant
amounts receivable from customers across a broad demographic base. Management of
the Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers and maintains
allowances for doubtful accounts.
Foreign Currency Translation:
The Company considers the local currency to be the functional currency for
its international subsidiaries. Assets and liabilities denominated in foreign
currencies are translated using the exchange rate on the balance sheet date.
Translation adjustments resulting from this process are charged or credited to
equity. Revenues and expenses are translated at average exchange rates
prevailing during the year.
34
35
Foreign currency transaction gains and losses which to date have not been
material have been included in the determination of net income.
Revenue Recognition:
Revenue from product licenses is generally recognized when a customer
purchase order has been received, a license agreement has been delivered, the
software has been shipped (or electronically delivered), remaining obligations
are insignificant, and collection of the resulting account receivable is
probable. Maintenance revenue for providing product updates and customer support
is deferred and recognized ratably over the service period. For subscription
sales that have the maintenance fee included with the licensing fee, maintenance
revenue is derived based upon the amount charged for such services when they are
sold separately.
Revenue generated from products sold through traditional channels where the
right of return exists is reduced by reserves for estimated sales returns. Such
reserves are based on estimates developed by management. As unsold products in
these distribution channels are exposed to rapid changes in consumer preferences
or technological obsolescence due to new operating environments, product updates
or competing products, it is reasonably possible that these estimates will
change in the near term.
Historically, revenue from subscription licenses for anti-virus software was
generally recognized ratably over a two year period as the Company did not
separately value the product license and the maintenance agreement. Effective
July 1, 1995, the Company established separate prices for each of these
components and currently recognizes, upon the initial sale, 80% of the total fee
as product license revenue and defers 20% of the fee as maintenance. The
maintenance fee is recognized over the service period, generally two years. The
effect of this change was to increase 1995 net income by $7,708,000. Earnings
per share were increased by $0.16.
Cost of net revenue consists of the cost of materials associated with
delivery of boxed product which is not distributed electronically and royalty
costs associated with licensed technology. Cost of customer support is included
in sales and marketing.
Research and Development:
Research and development expenditures are charged to operations as incurred.
Under the Company's development process, technological feasibility is
established on completing a working model. Subsequent costs for McAfee have not
been significant and all software development costs have been expensed.
Cash and Cash Equivalents:
Cash equivalents are comprised of highly liquid debt instruments with
original maturities of 90 days or less.
Marketable Securities:
All marketable securities are classified as available-for-sale and are
carried at fair value in accordance SFAS 115. Short term marketable securities
are those with maturities greater than 90 days but less than one year. Long term
marketable securities have original maturities greater than one year. Unrealized
gains and losses on marketable securities classified as available-for-sale, when
material, are reported net of related taxes as a separate component of
stockholders' equity. Realized gains and losses on sales of all such investments
are reported in earnings and computed using the specific identification cost
method.
35
36
Fixed Assets:
Fixed assets are stated at cost. Depreciation and amortization of fixed
assets is provided using the straight-line method over the estimated useful
lives of the assets (3 to 5 years).
Intangible Assets:
Intangible assets include the estimated fair market values of purchased
technology when the related products or products under development are
considered technologically feasible, goodwill arising from acquisitions, and
Saber costs of internally developed software for which capitalization was
appropriate. Intangibles are amortized over their estimated useful lives
(typically three years to five years).
Fair Value of Financial Instruments:
Carrying amounts of the Company's financial instruments including cash and
cash equivalents, investments, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued
liabilities approximate fair value due to their short maturities.
Net Income Per Share:
Net income per share is computed using the weighted average common and common
equivalent shares outstanding during the period.
Stock Dividend:
During both April and October, 1996, the Company declared and paid stock
dividends of one share of common stock for every two shares of common stock
outstanding. All per share data contained herein has been restated to reflect
the increased number of shares outstanding.
3. BUSINESS COMBINATIONS AND ACQUISITIONS:
FSA Corporation
During 1996, the Company acquired a controlling interest in FSA
Corporation of Calgary, Canada for an aggregate of approximately 534,000 shares
and options to purchase shares of McAfee common stock. The acquisition was
accounted for as a pooling of interests, however, the 1995 balance sheet was not
restated as the effect was not material.
Vycor Corporation
On March 21, 1996, the Company acquired Vycor Corporation, a developer of
help desk software for $9.0 million in cash. The acquisition was accounted for
as a purchase. Of the total purchase price, $7.8 million of in-process
technology was charged to operations and approximately $0.4 million of
transaction and restructuring costs were expensed in the quarter ended March 31,
1996.
Saber Software Corporation
In August 1995, the Company acquired Saber Software Corporation ("Saber")
for approximately 2.1 million shares of common stock. Saber, formerly a publicly
held company based in Dallas, Texas, designs, develops, and licenses computer
software for local area networks and had total assets of $17.4 million at
December 31, 1994.
36
37
Net revenue and net income of the separate companies for the period prior to
the merger (six months ended June 30, 1995) and reconciliation for the results
of the operations previously reported by the separate companies for the year
ended December 31, 1994 is as follows:
SIX MONTHS YEAR
ENDED ENDED
JUNE 30 DECEMBER 31,
1995 1994
------------- -------------
Net Revenue:
McAfee ...................................... $ 24,440 $ 32,900
Saber ....................................... 10,650 20,037
------------- -------------
Combined ................................. $ 35,090 $ 52,937
============= =============
Net Income:
McAfee ...................................... $ 6,817 $ 1,387
Saber ....................................... 359 1,218
------------- -------------
Combined ................................. $ 7,176 $ 2,605
============= =============
In connection with the acquisition of Saber, the Company incurred acquisition
related charges of approximately $6.8 million. In addition, the Company accrued
approximately $1.7 million for the settlement and legal costs associated with a
lawsuit involving Saber.
Acquisition of distributors:
During the third quarter of 1995, the Company acquired its former
distributors in the UK and France and received a fully paid up perpetual license
to certain in-process technology from an affiliate of the French distributor for
approximately $3.3 million in cash and earnout arrangements providing for
additional payments of up to approximately $0.8 million. These transactions were
accounted for as purchases. Approximately $2.6 million including legal costs was
charged to operations in 1995 in connection with these transactions. During the
fourth quarter of 1995, the Company repurchased distribution rights and customer
lists from its three major German distributors for approximately $1.9 million
including legal fees. The entire amount was expensed during the fourth quarter.
Acquisition of Brightwork Development, Inc.:
Effective March 30, 1994, the Company acquired substantially all of the
assets and liabilities of Brightwork Development, Inc. (Brightwork), an
unrelated corporation, for $10.3 million in cash and related acquisition costs
of approximately $0.5 million. This transaction was accounted for as a purchase.
Approximately $7.1 million , representing in-process technology, was charged to
operations in 1994.
Purchase of Software Products:
The Company acquired certain in-process remote desktop technology from
Interactive Distributed Systems Software GmbH of Linz, Austria during the three
month period ended June 30, 1996. The purchase price and related transaction
costs of approximately $2.1 million were charged to operations during the
period.
Effective May 6, 1994, the Company acquired technology relating to two
software products of Automated Design Systems, Inc. ("ADS"), an unrelated
corporation, for approximately $5.0 million in cash and related acquisition
costs of approximately $0.7 million. An additional amount of approximately $0.3
million was paid to ADS in 1995 based on sales of products developed with the
purchased technology. Approximately $5.5 million, representing in-process
technology, was charged to operations in 1994.
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4. MARKETABLE SECURITIES:
At December 31, 1996 and 1995, all marketable securities were classified as
available-for-sale and are summarized as follows (in thousands):
DECEMBER 31
------------------------------------------
1996 1995
-------------------- --------------------
MARKET COST MARKET COST
VALUE BASIS VALUE BASIS
--------- --------- --------- ---------
US Government debt securities ...... $ 1,000 $ 1,002 $ -- $ --
Municipal debt securities .......... 58,244 58,364 25,085 25,058
Corporate debt securities .......... 5,145 5,128 -- --
--------- --------- --------- ---------
$ 64,389 $ 64,494 $ 25,085 $ 25,058
========= ========= ========= =========
At December 31, 1996, all marketable debt securities have scheduled
maturities of less than three years. In 1995, Marketable securities were not
adjusted to market value due to the immateriality of the net difference from
cost. Gross realized gains and losses on sales of available-for-sale securities
were immaterial in 1996 and 1995.
5. BALANCE SHEET DETAIL (in thousands):
DECEMBER 31,
---------------------
1996 1995
--------- --------
Fixed assets:
Furniture and fixtures.......................... $4,804 $1,949
Computers and equipment......................... 8,916 4,869
Leasehold improvements.......................... 341 --
--------- --------
14,061 6,818
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization.. (6,575) (3,419)
--------- ---------
$7,486 $3,399
========= =========
Intangibles assets(see Note 3):
Purchased technology............................ $3,516 $2,993
Software development costs (1).................. 1,261 1,261
Goodwill........................................ 2,046 1,893
--------- --------
6,823 6,147
Less accumulated amortization................... (5,822) (3,018)
--------- --------
$1,001 $3,129
========= ========
Accrued liabilities:
Accrued compensation............................ $3,390 $1,070
Capital lease obligations....................... -- 137
Accrued acquisition costs....................... 582 2,573
Other accrued expenses.......................... 11,762 5,064
--------- --------
$15,734 $8,844
========= ========
- -----------
(1) Related to Saber acquisition.
6. COMMITMENTS:
The Company leases its operating facilities under non-cancelable operating
leases through December 2001. In addition, the Company has leased certain
equipment under various leases which expire no later than 1998.
At December 31, 1996, future minimum payments under non-cancelable operating
leases are as follows (in thousands):
YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31,
------------------------
1997........................ $2,012
1998........................ 1,942
1999........................ 1,846
2000........................ 1,689
2001 and thereafter......... 627
------
$8,116
======
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Rent expense for the years ended December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994 amounted to
$1,191,000, $1,148,000 and $583,000, respectively.
The Company expects to enter into a lease agreement in April 1997 for
property in Santa Clara, California of 105,000 square feet with a total value of
approximately $6.0 million over four years. The Company has also agreed to
purchase personal property in connection with this lease for approximately $3.0
million.
7. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS:
401(k) and Profit Sharing Plan
Under the Company's 401(k) and Profit Sharing Plans, the Board of
Directors, at its discretion, can match employee contributions in an amount not
to exceed 20% of total compensation. During fiscal 1996, 1995, and 1994 the
Company contributed $249,000, $104,000 and $86,000 respectively.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan:
Under the 1994 Employee Qualified Stock Purchase Plan, the Company can grant
stock purchase rights to all eligible employees during one year offering periods
with exercise dates approximately every six months (beginning each August and
February). The Company has reserved 506,250 shares of common stock for issuance
under the plan. Shares are purchased through employees' payroll deductions at
exercise prices equal to 85% of the lesser of the fair market value of the
Company's common stock at either the first day of an offering period or the last
day of such offering period. No participant may purchase more than $25,000 worth
of common stock in any one calendar year.
8. STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY:
Preferred Stock:
The Company has authorized 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value
$.01 per share. The Company's Board of Directors has authority to provide for
the issuance of the shares of preferred stock in series, to establish from time
to time the number of shares to be included in each such series and to fix the
designation, powers, preferences and rights of the shares of each such series
and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, without any further
vote or action by the shareholders.
Stock Option Plans:
Under the 1995 Stock Incentive Plan, the Company has reserved 15,525,000
shares for issuance to employees, officers, directors, third-party contractors
and consultants. The plan provides for an option price no less than 100% of the
fair market value of the Company's common stock on the date of grant (110% of
the fair market value in the case of holders of more than 10% of the voting
rights of the Company's common stock) for incentive stock options granted to
employees and officers (including directors who are also employees) or 85% of
the fair market value on the date of grant for all others. The options may be
exercisable immediately, or over time, generally vest 25% one year after
commencing employment or from date of grant and vest thereafter in monthly
increments over three years. All options under the option plan expire ten years
after grant.
Under the Stock Option Plan for Outside Directors, the Company has reserved
421,875 shares for issuance under the amended plan to certain members of its
Board who are not employees of the Company or any affiliated corporation. The
plan provides for an option price at fair market value of the Company's common
stock on the date of grant. The initial grant to each outside director generally
vests ratably over a three-year period. Subsequent option grants will vest after
three years from the date of grant. All options under the option plan expire ten
years after grant.
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OUTSTANDING OPTIONS
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SHARES
AVAILABLE NUMBER OF PRICE PER AGGREGATE WEIGHTED
FOR GRANT SHARES SHARE PRICE AVG. EX. PRICE
------------ -------------- ------------ ------------ ---------------
Balances, December 31, 1993.... 3,680,505 5,244,149 $.00-$6.62 $6,047,660 $ 1.15
Shares granted................. (2,870,017) 3,175,162 $2.22-$7.57 10,211,490 $ 3.22
Shares exercised............... -- (1,624,442) $.00-$6.62 (892,592) $ .55
Shares canceled................ 1,215,180 (1,283,182) $.00-$6.62 (2,692,047) $ 2.10
--------- ----------- -----------
Balances, December 31, 1994.... 2,025,668 5,511,688 $.00-$7.57 12,674,511 $ 2.30
Additional shares authorized... 6,750,000 -- -- -- --
Shares granted................. (6,138,178) 6,136,178 $5.48-$19.44 58,581,772 $ 9.55
Shares exercised............... -- (1,985,787) $.00-$6.65 (3,534,462) $ 1.78
Shares canceled................ 1,167,503 (1,280,959) $1.70-$11.11 (6,870,032) $ 5.36
--------- ----------- ------------
Balances, December 31, 1995.... 3,804,993 8,383,120 $.00-$19.44 60,851,789 $ 7.26
Shares granted................. (3,368,003) 3,368,003 $1.13-$51.75 97,526,769 $28.96
Shares exercised............... -- (2,631,865) $.01-$19.44 (13,574,615) $ 5.16
Shares canceled................ 1,219,764 (1,219,764) $1.70-$46.00 (17,335,041) $14.21
--------- ----------- ------------
Balances, December 31, 1996.... 1,656,754 7,899,494 $.01-$51.75 $127,468,902 $16.14
--------- ----------- ------------
At December 31, 1996, a total of 983,034 options to purchase common stock
were exercisable at an aggregate exercise price of $5,924,222.
The following information regarding the stock option program and employee
stock purchase programs is provided in compliance with SFAS 123, "Accounting for
Stock Based Compensation". The company has elected to continue accounting for
such plans in accordance with APB No. 25.
Options Outstanding Options Exercisable
----------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------
Number Weighted Average Weighted Average Number Weighted Average
Range of Outstanding Remaining Exercisable Exercisable Exercise
Exercise Prices at 12/31/96 Contractual Life (yrs) Price at 12/31/96 Price
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$1.13 - $6.03 1,697,662 7.55 $ 3.44 640,217 $ 3.29
$8.37 - $16.22 3,463,016 8.56 $10.41 313,661 $10.38
$19.00 - $24.89 1,537,054 9.16 $22.29 29,156 $19.28
$32.38 - $51.75 1,201,762 9.73 $42.60 0 N/A
$1.13 - $46.00 7,899,494 8.64 $16.12 983,034 $ 6.03
The fair market value of options granted under the McAfee non-qualified stock
option plan was calculated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model using
the multiple option approach. A typical option grant vests over a four year
period. Parameters for the option analysis are listed below.
1995 1996
---- ----
Risk free interest rate 5.50% 5.85%
Expected life (yrs) 4 4
Volatility. 0.66 0.66
Dividend yield 0 0
The weighted average expected life of the option grants was estimated based
on examination of previously exercised options over the life of the program.
Volatility was estimated on a monthly basis since the
40
41
company became public in October of 1992. The average volatility for the twelve
months ending December 1996 and 24 month period from January 1995 through
December 1996 was 66%. Since the volatility has been relatively stable one value
was selected for all segments. McAfee does not pay a dividend and has no plans
to pay a dividend.
The weighted average fair value of options granted in 1996 and 1995 was
$13.15 and $6.24.
The company has also estimated the fair value of purchase rights issued under
the Employee Stock Purchase Program. Rights under this plan were also evaluated
using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The company's plan is described in
Note 7. Purchase periods occur twice yearly and each effectively contains a 6
and 12 month option.
Feb. 1995 Aug. 1995 Feb. 1996 Aug. 1996
--------- --------- --------- ---------
Risk Free Interest Rate 6.06% 5.47% 4.84% 5.73%
Expected Life 6,12 mos 6,12 mos 6,12 mos 6,12 mos
Volatility 0.66 0.66 0.66 0.66
Dividend Yield -- -- -- --
The weighted average fair value of options granted pursuant to the Employee
Stock Purchase Program in 1996 and 1995 was $6.80 and $4.34.
The following pro forma income information has been prepared following the
provisions of SFAS 123.
1996 1995
---- ----
Net income - pro forma (thousands) $24,802 $11,550
Net income per share - pro forma $0.47 $0.23
The impact on pro forma earnings per share and net income in the table above
may not be indicative of the effect in future years. The company continues to
grant stock options to new employees. This policy may or may not continue.
Warrants:
Pursuant to the 1995 acquisition of a foreign distributor, the Company issued
a warrant to purchase 33,750 shares of common stock at a price of $11.19 which
expires June 30, 1999. This warrant was canceled during 1996.
41
42
9. PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES:
The components of the provision for income taxes consist of the following (in
thousands):
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
1996 1995 1994
----------- ----------- -----------
Current:
Federal ............................ $ 25,046 $ 9,124 $ 6,584
State .............................. 6,053 2,800 1,829
Foreign ............................ 1,132 70 204
Deferred:
Federal ............................ (1,190) (1,090) (6,144)
State .............................. 672 151 (920)
----------- ----------- -----------
Provision for income taxes ......... $ 31,713 $ 11,055 $ 1,553
=========== =========== ===========
Income tax benefits from the exercise of non-qualified stock options and the
disqualifying dispositions of employee stock purchase plan stock of $32,107,000,
$8,386,000 and $2,129,000 for the years ended December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994,
respectively, are included in stockholders' equity.
The Company's effective tax rate on income before income taxes differs from
the U.S. Federal statutory regular tax rate as follows:
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1996 1995 1994
-------- -------- --------
U.S. Federal statutory income tax rate .............. 35.0% 35.0% 34.0%
State taxes, net of federal income tax benefit ...... 6.2 7.4 4.1
Non deductible acquisition and other costs .......... 4.0 4.5 --
Other, net .......................................... (0.3) (4.3) (0.7)
-------- -------- --------
44.9% 42.6% 37.4%
======== ======== ========
Significant components of net deferred tax assets at December 31, 1996 and
1995 are as follows (in thousands):
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1996 1995
---------- ----------
Deferred revenue ................................... $ 906 $ 3,695
In-process technology .............................. 6,355 6,349
State taxes ........................................ 1,484 195
Accrued liabilities and reserves ................... 3,096 1,415
Depreciation and amortization ...................... 412 164
Other .............................................. (213) (306)
---------- ----------
$ 12,040 $ 11,512
========== ==========
Current portion .................................... $ 4,321 $ 4,999
Non-current portion ................................ 7,719 6,513
---------- ----------
$ 12,040 $ 11,512
========== ==========
10. BUSINESS SEGMENT INFORMATION:
The Company operates in one industry segment and markets and services its
products in the United States and in foreign countries through its own direct
sales organization and through independent agents and distributors. In 1996,
foreign operations accounted for approximately 19% of the Company's net revenue,
but less than 10% of the Company's net income, and identifiable assets. One
customer, Ingram Micro Devices, accounted for 17%, 12% and 12% of net revenue
during fiscal 1996, 1995 and 1994, respectively.
Net revenue information by geographic area is as follows (in thousands):
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
-----------------------------------------
1996 1995 1994
---------- ---------- ----------
North America ................ $ 145,945 $ 64,351 $ 40,697
International ................ 35,181 25,714 12,240
---------- ---------- ----------
$ 181,126 $ 90,065 $ 52,937
========== ========== ==========
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11. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS:
On January 20, 1997, the Board of Directors approved an interim stock
option plan for non-officers, to be in place through July 1997. A total of
2,000,000 shares of common stock have been reserved for issuance thereunder.
On February 28, 1997, the Company acquired Jade KK of Japan for 336,071
shares of common stock. Jade is a developer and distributor of anti-virus
software in Japan. The combination will be accounted for as a pooling of
interests.
Also on February 28, 1997 the Company acquired the Dutch distributor,
Schuijers Holding B.V. for 63,721 shares of common stock. The combination
will be accounted for as a pooling of interests.
43
44
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on
its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Santa
Clara, State of California, on the 25th day of March, 1997.
McAFEE ASSOCIATES, INC.
/s/ William L. Larson
- ----------------------------------------
William L. Larson
President, Chief Executive Officer and
Chairman of the Board
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this
report has been signed below on March 25, 1997 by the following persons on
behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities indicated.
SIGNATURE TITLE
----------------------------- ------------------------------------
/s/ William L. Larson President, Chief Executive
----------------------------- Officer and Chairman of the Board
(William L. Larson) (Principal Executive Officer)
/s/ Prabhat K. Goyal Vice President of Administration, Chief
----------------------------- Financial Officer, Treasurer and
(Prabhat K. Goyal) Secretary (Principal Financial
Officer and Principal
Accounting Officer)
/s/ John C. Bolger Director
-----------------------------
(John C. Bolger)
/s/ Jeffrey T. Chambers Director
-----------------------------
(Jeffrey T. Chambers)
/s/ Leslie G. Denend Director
-----------------------------
(Leslie G. Denend)
/s/ Virginia Gemmell Director
-----------------------------
(Virginia Gemmell)
/s/ Edwin L. Harper Director
-----------------------------
(Edwin L. Harper)
/s/ Walter G. Kortschak Director
-----------------------------
(Walter G. Kortschak)
44
45
INDEX TO EXHIBITS
Exhibit No. Exhibit Title Page No.
- ----------- ------------- --------
3.1 Second Restated Certificate of Incorporation., incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Company's Report on Form 10Q for
the fiscal quarter ended September 31, 1996.
3.2 By-laws, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the
Company's Registration Statement No. 33-51042 on Form S-1
(the "S-1").
3.3 Certificate of Designation of Series A Preferred Stock of the
Company, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 of the Company's
form 10-Q for the Quarter ended September 30, 1996.
4.1 See Exhibit 10.44, 10.49 and 10.50.
10.5* 1992 Stock Option Plan, incorporated by reference from Exhibit
10.5 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year
ended December 31, 1994 ("1994 Form 10-K"), as amended.
10.7* Outside Directors Stock Option Plan, incorporated by reference
from Exhibit 10.7 to the Company's Report on Form 10-K for the
fiscal year ended December 31, 1992.
10.8 Lease Agreement for facility at 2710 Walsh Avenue dated May 10,
1993, between the Company and John Arillaga and Richard T. Peery
Separate Property Trusts, incorporated by reference from Exhibit
10.8 to the Company's Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter
ended June 30, 1993.
10.10 Asset Acquisition Agreement among the Company and Brightwork, Jack
Bell, Thomas Dolan, Rosemarie Dubrowsky, Greg Gianforte, Kerry
Giftos, Roman Michalowski and Philip Raffiani dated March 16,
1994, together with the Escrow Agreement among the Company,
Brightwork, BDI Partners, and Silicon Valley Bank as Escrow Agent,
dated March 30, 1994 (Exhibit 2.3(b) to the Asset Acquisition
Agreement) and the Employment Agreement, dated March 30, 1994
between the Company and Greg Gianforte (Exhibit 8.5 to the Asset
Acquisition Agreement) incorporated by reference from Exhibit 2.1
to the Company's Report on Form 8-K dated March 30, 1994, as filed
with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 12, 1994.
10.11 Asset Acquisition Agreement by and between the Company and ADS
dated April 19, 1994, incorporated by reference from Exhibit 2.1
to the Company's Report on Form 8-K, dated May 6, 1994, as filed
with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 20, 1994.
10.12* Confidential Resignation Agreement and Mutual General Release of
Claims between the Company and William S. McKiernan dated April
18, 1994, incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.12 to the
Company's Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June
30, 1994.
45
46
Exhibit No. Exhibit Title Page No.
- ----------- ------------- --------
10.14* Employment Agreement between the Company and Gregory Gianforte
dated March 31, 1994, as amended September 28, 1994, incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 10.14 of the 1994 Form 10-K.
10.15 Lease Agreement between Jerral Office Associates, a New Jersey
limited partnership, and Brightwork Development, Inc. dated
October 19, 1992, as amended May 26, 1994 to substitute the
Company as the tenant, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15
of the 1994 Form 10-K.
10.16* Employee Stock Purchase Plan, incorporated by reference from
Exhibit 10.16 of the 1994 Form 10-K.
10.17 Lease Agreement between John Arrillaga, Trustee, UTA dated 7/20/77
(John Arrillaga Separate Property Trust), Richard Peery, Trustee,
UTA dated 7/20/77 (Richard T. Peery Separate Property Trust) and
the Company dated November 2, 1994, incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.17 of the 1994 Form 10-K.
10.18* Offer letter to Richard Kreysar dated December 16, 1994,
incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.18 of the 1994 Form 10-K.
10.19* Offer letter to Dennis Cline dated September 21, 1994,
incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.19 of the 1994 Form 10-K.
10.20 401(k) Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.20 of the
1994 Form 10-K.
10.21* Change in control agreement between McAfee and Robert S.
Chappelear dated April 14, 1995, incorporated by reference from
Exhibit 10.1 of the Company's Registration Statement No. 33-93296
on Form S-4 ("the S-4").
10.22* Change in control agreement between McAfee and Dennis Cline dated
April 14, 1995 incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the
S-4.
10.23* Change in control agreement between McAfee and Richard D. Kreysar
dated April 14, 1995, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of
the S-4.
10.24* Change in control agreement between McAfee and Robert J. Schwei
dated April 14, 1995, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of
the S-4.
10.25* Change in control agreement between McAfee and R. Terry Duryea
dated May 1, 1995, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 of
the S-4.
10.26* Change in control agreement between McAfee and Peter Watkins dated
May 1, 1995, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 of the S-4.
10.27* Change in control agreement between McAfee and William L. Larson
dated April 14, 1995, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 of
the S-4.
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47
Exhibit No. Exhibit Title Page No.
- ----------- ------------- --------
10.28 Management Agreement between McAfee and Saber Software Corporation
dated July 20, 1995, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 of
the S-4
10.29 Cross Distribution Agreement between McAfee and Saber Software
Corporation dated July 21, 1995, incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.9 of the S-4.
10.30 Dilg Settlement Agreement and Release and Covenant Not to Sue
dated as of October 24, 1995 between Saber Software Corporation
and Dilg Properties, Inc. ("Dilg"), ContactPerfect Corporation
("CPC"), Jerry D. Blackburn, J. Robert Dilg, and Alvin D. Gilbert,
incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.30 of the Company's Form
10-Q for the Quarter Ended September 30, 1995 (the "September 30,
1995 10-Q").
10.31 Sale and Purchase Agreement Relating to 850 shares between Patrick
Legranche and the Company dated July 27, 1995 incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.31 of the Company's September 30, 1995
10-Q.
10.32 Sales and Purchase Agreement Relating to 1,650 shares between
Serge Gauthron, Patrick Legranche, Valorisation Informatique de
Fichiers and the Company dated July 27, 1995 incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.32 of the Company's September 30, 1995
10-Q.
10.33 Common Stock Purchase Warrant to purchase 10,000 shares of the
Company's Common Stock held by RT Software dated July 27,1995
incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.33 of the Company's
September 30, 1995 10-Q.
10.34 Share Purchase Agreement between International Data Security
Limited (an Australian company), the Company and International
Data Security Limited (an English company) dated September 13,
1995 incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.34 of the Company's
September 30, 1995 10-Q.
10.35 Agreement and Plan of Merger dated March 6, 1996 and among McAfee
Associates, Inc., McCor Acquisition Corporation and Vycor
Corporation, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.35 of the
Company's Form 10-K filed for the year ended December 31, 1995
(the "1995 10-K").
10.36* Change of Control Agreement between McAfee and Mark Woodward dated
November 10, 1995, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.36 of
the Company's 1995 10-K.
10.37* Confidential Agreement and Release of Claims between McAfee and
Robert Chappaelear dated January 30, 1996 incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.37 of the Company's 1995 10-K.
10.38 Sublease Agreement dated November 15, 1995 between the Company and
Digital Video Systems incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.38
of the Company's 1995 10-K.
47
48
Exhibit No. Exhibit Title Page No.
- ----------- ------------- --------
10.39 Amendment No. 1 to Lease dated September 27, 1995 by and between
the Company and Arrilliga Family Trust and Richard T. Peery
Separate Property Trust, incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.39 of the Company's 1995 10-K.
10.40 1995 Stock Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.40 of the Company's Form 10-Q for the Quarter ended March 31,
1996.
10.41 Lease by and between Herndon Associates, a Virginia general
partnership and the Company dated July 22, 1996, incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.41 of the Company's Form 10-Q for the
Quarter ended June 30, 1996.
10.42 Purchase contract by and between Interactive Distributed Systems
Software GmbH and the Company effective June 30, 1996.
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.42 of the Company's Form
10-Q for the Quarter ended June 30, 1996.
10.43 Change in control agreement between McAfee and Prabhat K. Goyal
incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.43 of the Company's Form
10-Q for the Quarter ended June 30, 1996.
10.44 Combination Agreement by and among the Company, FSA Combination
Corp., FSA Corporation, and Daniel Freedman, the sole shareholder
of FSA Corporation, dated August 16, 1996, the Registration Rights
Agreement, dated August 30, 1996 by and between the Company and
Daniel Freedman, and the Voting and Exchange Trust Agreement,
dated August 30, 1996, by and among the Company, FSA Combination
Corp. and FSA Corporation, all incorporated by reference to the
Company's Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission on September 24, 1996.
10.45 Amendment No. 2 to Lease dated May 9, 1996, by and between the
Company and Arrilliga Family Trust and Richard T. Peery Separate
Property Trust.
10.46 Lease Agreement for facility at 2855 Bowers Avenue dated October
22, 1996 between the Company and Arrilliga Family Trust and
Richard T. Peery Separate Property Trust.
10.47 Lease Agreement for facility at 4099 McEwen Road, Dallas dated
November 14, 1996, between the Company and Blue Lake Partners,
Ltd.
10.48* Resignation Agreement and General Release of Claims, dated
November 19, 1996 between the Company and Richard Kreysar.
10.49 Stock Exchange Agreement, dated January 13, 1997, by and among the
Company, FSA Combination Corp., Kabushiki Kaisha Jade ("Jade") and
the shareholders of Jade, and the Registration Rights Agreement,
dated January 13, 1997 by and between the Company and the
shareholders of Jade, all incorporated by reference to the
Company's Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission on March 14, 1997.
48
49
Exhibit No. Exhibit Title Page No.
- ----------- ------------- --------
10.50 Stock Exchange Agreement, dated February 28, 1997, by and among
the Company, FSA Combination Corp., Schuijers Holding B.V.
("Schuijers") and the shareholders of Schuijers, and the
Registration Rights Agreement, dated February 28, 1997, by and
between the Company and shareholders of Schuijers.
11.1 Computation of Net Income Per Share
21.1 Subsidiaries
23.1 Consent of Independent Accountants
27.1 Financial Data Sheet
- --------
* Management contracts or compensatory plans or arrangements covering executive
officers or directors of McAfee Associates, Inc.
49
50
SCHEDULE II
MCAFEE ASSOCIATES, INC.
SCHEDULE OF VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS AT DECEMBER 31, 1996
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
BALANCE AT ADDITIONS DEDUCTIONS BALANCE AT
BEGINING CHARGED END OF
OF PERIOD TO EXPENSE PERIOD
Year Ended December 31, 1996
Allowance for Doubtful
Accounts and Sales Returns .. 2,279 2,378 (1,630) 3,027
Year Ended December 31, 1995
Allowance for Doubtful
Accounts and Sales Returns .. 1,470 1,279 (470) 2,279
Year Ended December 31, 1994
Allowance for Doubtful
Accounts and Sales Returns .. 774 902 (206) 1,470
51
51
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS
To the Stockholders
McAfee Associates, Inc.:
Our report on the consolidated financial statements of McAfee Associates, Inc.
and subsidiaries is included on page 30 of this Form 10-K. In connection with
our audits of such financial statements, we have also audited the related
financial statement schedule listed in the index on page 29 of this Form 10-K.
In our opinion, the financial statement schedule referred to above, when
considered in relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole,
present fairly, in all material respects, the information required to be
included therein.
COOPERS & LYBRAND L.L.P.
San Jose, California
January 20, 1996, except for
the matters discussed in Note 11
for which the date is
March 1, 1997.
52