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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Form 10-Q

Commission file number 0-26946

Intevac, Inc.

3560 Bassett Street

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:

      Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.     Yes þ          No o

      Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).     Yes o          No þ

APPLICABLE ONLY TO CORPORATE ISSUERS:

      On June 28, 2003 12,197,653 shares of the Registrant’s Common Stock, no par value, were outstanding.

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INTEVAC, INC.

INDEX

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.     Financial Statements

INTEVAC, INC.

See accompanying notes.

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INTEVAC, INC.

See accompanying notes.

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INTEVAC, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

See accompanying notes.

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INTEVAC, INC.

1.     Business Activities and Basis of Presentation

      Intevac, Inc.’s businesses are the design, manufacture and sale of complex capital equipment used to manufacture products such as thin-film disks and flat panel displays (the “Equipment Products Division”), the development of highly sensitive electro-optical devices and systems for the US military and its allies (the “Photonics Technology Division”) and the design, manufacture and sale of commercial products based on technology developed by the Photonics Technology Division (the “Commercial Imaging Division”).

      Systems sold by the Equipment Products Division are used to deposit highly engineered thin-films of material on a substrate. These systems generally utilize proprietary manufacturing techniques and processes, operate under high levels of vacuum, are designed for high-volume continuous operation and use precision robotics, computerized controls and complex software programs to fully automate and control the production process. Products manufactured with these systems include disks for computer hard disk drives and flat panel displays for use in consumer electronics products.

      The Photonics Technology Division (“PTD”) is developing electro-optical sensors and cameras that permit highly sensitive detection of photons in the visible and near infrared portions of the spectrum. This development work is aimed at creating new products for both military and industrial applications. Products include Laser Illuminated Viewing and Ranging (“LIVAR®”) systems for positive target identification at long range and low-cost extreme low light level cameras for use in military applications.

      The Commercial Imaging Division was formed in July 2002 with the charter of developing products based on PTD technology for sale to commercial markets.

      The financial information at June 28, 2003 and for the three- and six-month periods ended June 28, 2003 and June 29, 2002 is unaudited, but includes all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring accruals) that Intevac considers necessary for a fair presentation of the financial information set forth herein, in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information, the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, it does not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for annual financial statements. For further information, refer to the Consolidated Financial Statements and footnotes thereto included in Intevac’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2002.

      The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results inevitably will differ from those estimates, and such differences may be material to the financial statements.

      On January 1, 2003, Intevac changed its revenue recognition policy for system orders received after December 31, 2002.

      Intevac evaluates the collectibility of trade receivables on an ongoing basis and provides reserves against potential losses when collectibility is not reasonably assured.

      The results for the three- and six-month periods ended June 28, 2003 are not considered indicative of the results to be expected for any future period or for the entire year.

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

2.     Inventories

      The components of inventory consist of the following:

      Finished goods inventory consists solely of completed units at customer sites undergoing installation and acceptance testing.

      Inventory reserves included in the above numbers were $10.5 million and $9.6 million at June 28, 2003 and December 31, 2002, respectively. Each quarter, we analyze our inventory (raw materials, WIP and finished goods) against the forecast demand for the next 12 months. Parts with no forecast requirements are considered excess and inventory provisions are established to write those parts down to zero net book value. During this process, some inventory is identified as having no future use or value to us and is disposed of against the reserves. During the six months ended June 28, 2003, $0.7 million was added to inventory reserves based on the quarterly analysis and $4,000 of inventory was disposed of and charged to the reserve.

3.     Employee Stock Plans

      At June 28, 2003, Intevac had two stock-based employee compensation plans. We account for those plans under the recognition and measurement principles of APB Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees”, and related Interpretations. No stock-based employee compensation cost is reflected in net income, as all options granted under those plans had an exercise price equal to the market value of the underlying common stock on the date of grant. Intevac does not have any plans to adopt the fair value requirements of SFAS 123 for recognition purposes.

      The following table illustrates the effects on net income (loss) and earnings (loss) per share if Intevac had applied the fair value-recognition provisions of FASB Statement No. 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation”, to stock-based employee compensation.

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

4.     Warranty

      Intevac’s typical warranty is 12 months from customer acceptance. In some cases extended warranty periods beyond 12 months are marketed to our customers. The warranty period on used systems is generally shorter than 12 months. The warranty period on consumable parts is limited to their reasonable usable life. A provision for the estimated warranty cost is recorded when revenue is recognized.

      The following table displays the activity in the warranty provision account, which is included in other accrued liabilities on the Company’s balance sheet, for the three and six-month periods ending June 28, 2003 and June 29, 2002:

5.     Net Income (Loss) Per Share

      The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share:

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(1)	Diluted EPS for the three- and six-month periods ended June 28, 2003 and June 29, 2002 excludes “as converted” treatment of the convertible notes as their inclusion would be anti-dilutive. The number of “as converted” shares excluded for the three- and six-month periods ended June 28, 2003 was 4,269,983, and the number of “as converted” shares excluded for the three- and six-month periods ended June 29, 2002 was 1,820,364.
(2)	Potentially dilutive securities, consisting of shares issuable upon exercise of stock options, are excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS as their effect would be anti-dilutive. The weighted average number of employee stock options excluded for the three-month periods ended June 28, 2003 and June 29, 2002 was 1,793,950 and 1,097,759, respectively, and the number of employee stock options excluded for the six-month periods ended June 28, 2003 and June 29, 2002 was 1,792,059 and 1,863,229, respectively.

6.     Segment Reporting

     Segment Description

      Intevac, Inc. has three reportable operating segments: Equipment Products, Photonics Technology and Commercial Imaging. Our Equipment Products Division sells complex capital equipment used in the manufacturing of thin-film disks and flat panel displays. Our Photonics Technology Division (“PTD”) is developing sensors and cameras that permit highly sensitive detection of photons in the visible and near infrared portions of the spectrum. Intevac’s technology development revenues are generated within the PTD segment. Our Commercial Imaging Division is developing commercial products based on technology developed by PTD.

      Included in corporate activities are general corporate expenses less an allocation of corporate expenses to operating units equal to 3% and 1% of net revenues in 2003 and 2002, respectively.

     Business Segment Net Revenues

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

     Business Segment Profit & Loss and Reconciliation to Consolidated Pre-tax Profit (Loss)

     Geographic Area Net Trade Revenues

7.     Income Taxes

      For the three- and six-month periods ended June 28, 2003, Intevac did not accrue a tax benefit due to the inability to realize additional refunds from loss carry-backs. Intevac accrued a tax benefit of $4.2 million and $6.4 million, respectively, for the three- and six-month periods ended June 29, 2002. This resulted from federal tax law changes that allow losses incurred in 2001 and 2002 to be carried back 5 years. The Company’s $15.2 million deferred tax asset is fully offset by a $15.2 million valuation allowance, resulting in a net deferred tax asset of zero at June 28, 2003.

8.     Capital Transactions

      During the six-month period ending June 28, 2003, Intevac sold stock to its employees under the Company’s Stock Option and Employee Stock Purchase Plans. A total of 72,469 shares were issued for which the Company received $186,000.

9.     Financial Presentation

      Certain prior year amounts in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been reclassified to conform to 2003 presentation.

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Item 2.     Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

      This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements which involve risks and uncertainties. Words such as “believes,” “expects,” “anticipates” and the like indicate forward-looking statements. These forward looking statements include comments related to our projected orders, revenue, operating results and cash balances. Intevac’s actual results may differ materially from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements for a variety of reasons, including those set forth under “Certain Factors Which May Affect Future Operating Results” and in other documents we file from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including Intevac’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed in March 2003, Form 10-Q’s and Form 8-K’s.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

      Management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”). We review the accounting policies we use in reporting our financial results on a regular basis. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to revenue recognition, accounts receivable, inventories, income taxes, warranty obligations, long-lived assets, contingencies and litigation. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities. Results may differ from these estimates due to actual outcomes being different from those on which we based our assumptions. Significant estimates and judgements are reviewed by the Audit Committee and discussed with our auditors at the end of each quarter prior to the public release of our financial results.

      Our significant accounting policies are described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of Intevac’s Annual Report on Form 10-K. We believe the following critical accounting policies affect the more significant judgments and estimates made in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.

      Revenue Recognition – We recognize revenue using guidance from SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 101 “Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements.” Our policy allows revenue recognition when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred or services have been rendered, our price is fixed or determinable, and collectibility is reasonably assured. On January 1, 2003, Intevac changed its revenue recognition policy for system orders received after December 31, 2002.

          System Revenue Recognition for Orders Received After 12/31/02

      Certain of Intevac’s product sales with customer acceptance provisions are accounted for as multiple-element arrangements. If we have previously met defined customer acceptance levels with the specific type of equipment, then Intevac recognizes revenue for the fair market value of the equipment upon shipment and transfer of title and recognizes revenue for the fair market value of installation and acceptance services when those services are completed. For products that have not been demonstrated to meet product specifications prior to shipment, revenue is recognized at customer acceptance. In the event that Intevac’s customer chooses not to complete installation and acceptance, and Intevac’s obligations under the contract to complete installation, acceptance or any other tasks (with the exception of warranty obligations) have been fully discharged, then Intevac recognizes any remainder revenue to the extent that collectibility under the contract is reasonably assured. For contracts with end user customer acceptance provisions established prior to 2003, Intevac has deferred all revenue recognition until completion of installation and customer acceptance. The revenue recognition policy outlined above and implemented for system orders received after December 31, 2002 was adopted to better conform Intevac’s revenue recognition policies to industry accounting practice for companies selling similar equipment. The effect of adopting this policy in years prior to 2003 would have been no change in 2002 revenues, a decrease in 2001 revenues of $1.5 million and an increase of 2000 revenues of $1.5 million. The effect on net income of adopting this policy in years prior to 2003 would have been no effect on 2002 net income, a decrease in

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          System Revenue Recognition for Orders Received Before 12/31/02

      Revenues for systems are recognized upon customer acceptance. For large deposition and rapid thermal processing systems shipped through a distributor, revenue is typically recognized after the distributor has accepted the system at our factory and the system has been shipped. For large deposition and RTP systems sold direct to end customers, revenue is recognized after installation and acceptance of the system at the customer site.

      There is a written acceptance and test procedure (“ATP”) for each system, which is specified in the customer purchase order. The ATP includes a detailed set of criteria that are required as a condition of customer acceptance. The ATP is typically conducted over one or more days, during which the system is subjected to a number of tests to validate that the system is performing in a repeatable fashion, reliably and to specification. If material issues or problems are discovered during the ATP process, then they are corrected prior to customer acceptance.

      In the case of a direct end user sale, there are typically two ATP’s performed. The first ATP is performed at Intevac’s factory and must be approved by the customer prior to shipment of the system. The second ATP is performed after the system has been installed at the customer’s factory, with the customer in attendance. Once the second ATP is approved by the customer, and the customer has accepted the system in writing and agreed to make any remaining payments due on the system, then the system is recognized as a sale and revenue for the entire system is recorded.

      In the case of a shipment through a distributor, an ATP is performed at Intevac’s factory. Upon completion of the ATP, and after the distributor has accepted the system in writing and agreed to make any remaining payments due on the system, then the system is shipped and revenue for the entire system is recorded. The distributor then completes customer factory installation and the ATP at its cost. When we believe that there may be higher than normal end-user installation and acceptance issues for systems shipped through a distributor, such as when a major new version of a product is delivered for the first time, then the acceptance and revenue recognition process follows the model described above for a direct end user sale. The primary difference in this case is that revenue recognition is dependent on Intevac obtaining acceptance of the product by both our customer (the distributor) and our distributor’s customer (the end user).

      During the period that a system is undergoing customer acceptance (either distributor or end user), the value of the system remains in inventory, and any payments received, or amounts invoiced, related to the system are included in customer advances. When revenue is recognized on the system, the inventory is charged to cost of net revenues, the customer advance is liquidated and the customer is billed for the unpaid balance of the system revenue.

          Other Systems and non-System Revenue Recognition

      Revenues for systems without installation and acceptance provisions, technology upgrades, spare parts, consumables and prototype products built by PTD are generally recognized upon shipment. Service and maintenance contract revenue, which to date has been insignificant, is recognized ratably over applicable contract periods or as the service is performed.

      Our shipping terms are customarily FOB shipping point. For systems sold directly to the end user, our obligations remaining after shipment typically include installation, end user factory acceptance and warranty. For systems sold to distributors, typically the distributor assumes responsibility for installation and end user customer acceptance. In some cases, the distributor will assume some or all of the warranty liability. For products other than systems and system upgrades, warranty is the only obligation we have after shipment.

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          Technology Development Revenue Recognition

      We perform best efforts research and development work under various government-sponsored research contracts. Typically, for each contract, we commit to perform certain research and development efforts up to an agreed upon amount. In connection with these contracts, we receive funding on an incremental basis up to a ceiling. Some of these contracts are cost sharing in nature, where Intevac is reimbursed for a portion of the total costs expended. Revenue on these contracts is recognized in accordance with contract terms, typically as costs are incurred. In addition, we have, from time to time, negotiated with a third party to fund a portion of our costs in return for a joint interest in our technology rights developed pursuant to the contract. In the event that total cost incurred under a particular contract over-runs its agreed upon amount, we may be liable for the additional costs.

      These contracts are accounted for under ARB No. 43, Chapter 11, Section A, which addresses Cost-Plus-Fixed-Fee Contracts. The contracts are all cost-type, with financial terms that are a mixture of fixed fee, incentive fee, no fee and cost-sharing. The deliverables under each contract range from providing reports to providing prototype hardware. In none of the contracts is there an obligation for either party to continue the program once the funds have been expended. The efforts can be terminated at any time for convenience, by mutual agreement of both parties, in which case we would be reimbursed for our actual incurred costs, plus fee, if applicable, for the completed effort. We own the entire right, title and interest to each invention discovered under the contract, unless we specifically give up that right. The US Government has a paid-up license to use any invention/intellectual property for government purposes only.

      Inventories – We make provisions for potentially excess and obsolete inventory based on backlog and forecasted demand. However, order backlog is subject to revisions, cancellations, and rescheduling. Actual demand will inevitably differ from forecasted demand due to a number of factors. For example, the disk industry has suffered from over-capacity and poor financial results, which has led to industry consolidation. Consolidation can lead to the availability of used equipment that competes at very low prices with our products. Financial stress and consolidation in our customer base can also lead to the cancellation of orders for products after we have incurred substantial costs related to those orders. Such problems have resulted, and may continue to result, in excess and obsolete inventory, and the provision of related reserves.

      Warranty – Intevac’s standard warranty is twelve months from customer acceptance. During this warranty period any necessary non-consumable parts are supplied and installed. A provision for the estimated warranty cost is recorded at the time revenue is recognized.

      Valuation of long-lived and intangible assets and goodwill – We assess the impairment of identifiable intangibles, long-lived assets and goodwill annually and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Factors we consider important which could trigger an impairment review include the following:

	•	significant under-performance relative to expected historical or projected future operating results;
	•	significant changes in the manner of our use of the acquired assets or the strategy for our overall business;
	•	significant negative industry or economic trends;
	•	significant decline in our stock price for a sustained period; and
	•	our market capitalization relative to net book value.

      When we determine that the carrying value of long-lived assets, intangibles or goodwill may not be recoverable based upon the existence of one or more of the above indicators of impairment, we measure any impairment based on a projected discounted cash flow method using a discount rate determined by our management to be commensurate with the risk inherent in our current business model.

      Prototype costs – Prototype product costs that are not paid for under research and development contracts and are in excess of fair market value are charged to research and development expense.

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Results of Operations

     Three Months Ended June 28, 2003 and June 29, 2002.

      Net revenues. Net revenues consist primarily of sales of equipment used to manufacture thin-film disks, equipment used to manufacture flat panel displays, related equipment and system components and contract research and development related to the development of electro-optical devices and systems. Net revenues decreased 45% to $4.6 million for the three months ended June 28, 2003 from $8.4 million for the three months ended June 29, 2002.

      Equipment Products Division (“EPD”) revenues decreased to $2.4 million for the three months ended June 28, 2003 from $6.6 million for the three months ended June 29, 2002. The decrease in EPD revenue was primarily the result of a decrease in sales of disk and flat panel manufacturing systems partially offset by an increase in sales of technology upgrades and spare parts. Net revenues from the Photonics Technology Division increased to $2.2 million for the three months ended June 28, 2003 from $1.8 million for the three months ended June 29, 2002 as a result of increased revenue from contract R&D and from prototype products. We expect that PTD revenues will increase in the second half of 2003 relative to the first half of 2003 as a result of orders received during the second quarter and early in the third quarter of 2003.

      International sales decreased 65% to $2.1 million for the three months ended June 28, 2003 from $5.9 million for the three months ended June 29, 2002. The decrease in international sales was primarily due to a decrease in net revenues from disk and flat panel manufacturing systems. International sales constituted 45% of net revenues for the three months ended June 28, 2003 and 70% of net revenues for the three months ended June 29, 2002.

      Backlog. Intevac’s backlog of orders for its products was $14.3 million at June 28, 2003 and $27.8 million at June 29, 2002. The reduction was due to a decrease in the number of flat panel and disk manufacturing systems on order and the sale of the rapid thermal processing product line in November 2002. We include in backlog the value of purchase orders for our products that have scheduled delivery dates.

      Gross margin. Cost of net revenues consists primarily of purchased materials, fabrication, assembly, test and installation labor and overhead, customer-specific engineering costs, warranty costs, royalties, provisions for inventory reserves, scrap and costs attributable to contract research and development. Gross margin was 24% in each of the three-month periods ended June 28, 2003 and June 29, 2002.

      Gross margin in EPD decreased slightly to 27% for the three-month period ended June 28, 2003 from 28% for the three-month period ended June 29, 2002. EPD margins in the second quarter of 2003 were negatively impacted by the addition of $0.3 million of inventory reserves and by the under-absorption of manufacturing overhead due to low manufacturing volume. $3.7 million of EPD’s backlog at June 28, 2003 relates to D-STAR® products that will not generate any significant gross margin. We are not able to accurately project the gross margin for the balance of the equipment business as it will vary depending on a number of factors, including, factory utilization and pricing achieved on future orders.

      PTD gross margins increased to 22% during the three months ended June 28, 2003 from 6% during the three months ended June 29, 2002. PTD gross margins were favorably impacted by the mix of revenues derived from prototype products and from fully funded research and development contracts versus cost-shared research and development contracts. We expect that PTD gross margins for the remainder of 2003 will continue to improve based on the majority of revenues being derived from fully funded research and development contracts and from prototype products.

      Research and development. Research and development expense consists primarily of prototype materials, salaries and related costs of employees engaged in ongoing research, design and development activities for disk manufacturing equipment, flat panel manufacturing equipment, imaging products and company funded research performed by PTD. Research and development expense increased to $3.1 million for the three months ended June 28, 2003 from $3.0 million for the three months ended June 29, 2002, representing 68% and 36%, respectively, of net revenue. The increase was primarily the result of increased spending for the development of

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      Research and development expenses do not include costs of $1.4 million for each of the three-month periods ended June 28, 2003 and June 29, 2002 related to contract research and development performed by the Company’s Photonics Technology Division. These expenses are included in cost of net revenues.

      Research and development expenses also do not include costs of $0.0 million and $0.1 million in the three-month periods ended June 28, 2003 and June 29, 2002, respectively, reimbursed under the terms of various research and development cost sharing agreements.

      Selling, general and administrative. Selling, general and administrative expense consists primarily of selling, marketing, customer support, production of customer samples, financial, travel, management, liability insurance, legal and professional services, and bad debt expense. Domestic sales and international sales of disk manufacturing systems in Singapore, Malaysia and Taiwan are made by Intevac’s direct sales force, whereas other international sales of disk manufacturing products and other products are made by distributors and representatives that provide services such as sales, installation, warranty and customer support. We also have a subsidiary in Singapore to support disk manufacturing customers in Southeast Asia. We plan to increase staff at our Singapore subsidiary during the second half of 2003 to provide an improved level of customer service and support to our Southeast Asian customers.

      Selling, general and administrative expense increased to $2.1 million for the three months ended June 28, 2003 from $1.8 million for the three months ended June 29, 2002, representing 47% and 22%, respectively, of net revenue. The increase was the result of $0.3 million of surplus facility costs being recorded in selling, general and administrative expense.

      Interest expense. Interest expense consists primarily of interest on Intevac’s convertible notes. Interest expense decreased to $0.5 million in the three months ended June 28, 2003 from $0.7 million in the three months ended June 29, 2002. The decrease in interest expense was due to a reduction in convertible notes outstanding as a result of the exchange offer completed by Intevac in July 2002.

      Interest income and other, net. Interest income and other, net totaled ($0.1) million and $0.2 million for the three months ended June 28, 2003 and June 29, 2002, respectively. Interest income and other, net in 2003 consisted of $0.2 million of interest and dividend income on investments offset by the establishment of an additional $0.3 million reserve related to the disposition of fixed assets. Interest income and other, net in 2002 consisted primarily of interest and dividend income on investments.

      Provision for (benefit from) income taxes. For the three months ended June 28, 2003, Intevac did not accrue a tax benefit due to the inability to realize additional refunds from loss carry-backs. We accrued a tax benefit of $4.2 million for the three-month period ended June 29, 2002. This resulted from federal tax law changes that allow losses incurred in 2001 and 2002 to be carried back 5 years. Intevac paid federal income taxes of approximately $5.2 million for 1996, $0.9 million for 1997 and $0.5 million for 1998. Our federal tax returns, and any refunds resulting from them, are subject to audit for 3 years from the date filed. Intevac’s $15.2 million deferred tax asset is fully offset by a $15.2 million valuation allowance, resulting in a net deferred tax asset of zero at June 28, 2003.

      Net revenues. Net revenues increased 10% to $16.6 million for the six months ended June 28, 2003 from $15.1 million for the six months ended June 29, 2002. EPD revenues increased to $12.8 million for the six months ended June 28, 2003 from $11.5 million for the six months ended June 29, 2002. The increase in EPD revenues was due primarily to increases in revenues from flat panel manufacturing systems and from technology upgrades and spare parts, partially offset by a decrease in revenues from disk manufacturing systems. PTD revenues increased to $3.8 million for the six months ended June 28, 2003 from $3.5 million for the six months ended June 29, 2002. The increase in PTD sales was due to increased revenue from both contract R&D and from prototype products.

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      International sales increased 45% to $12.0 million for the six months ended June 28, 2003 from $8.3 million for the six months ended June 29, 2002. The increase in international sales during the six months ended June 28, 2003 was primarily due to an increase in net revenues from flat panel manufacturing systems. International sales constituted 72% of net revenues for the six months ended June 28, 2003 and 55% of net revenues for the six months ended June 29, 2002.

      Gross margin. Gross margin was 14% for the six months ended June 28, 2003 as compared to 20% for the six months ended June 29, 2002. EPD gross margin was 12% and 23% for the six months ended June 28, 2003 and June 29, 2002, respectively. The decrease in EPD gross margin was primarily due to $7.3 million of flat panel system revenue contributing minimal gross margin and to the establishment in 2003 of $0.7 million of inventory reserves. PTD gross margin increased to 20% for the six months ended June 28, 2003 from 9% for the six months ended June 29, 2002. PTD gross margins were favorably impacted by the mix of sales derived from prototype products and from fully funded research and development contracts versus cost-shared research and development contracts.

      Research and development. Company funded research and development expense decreased 6% to $5.7 million for the six months ended June 28, 2003 from $6.1 million for the six months ended June 29, 2002, representing 35% and 41%, respectively, of net revenue. The decrease was primarily the result of lower spending for the development of flat panel manufacturing equipment, partially offset by increases in spending for development of disk manufacturing equipment and for commercial imaging products.

      Research and development expenses do not include costs of $2.6 million and $2.8 million, respectively, for the six-month periods ended June 28, 2003 and June 29, 2002 related to contract research and development performed by PTD. These expenses are included in cost of net revenues.

      Research and development expenses also do not include costs of $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively, in the six-month periods ended June 28, 2003 and June 29, 2002, reimbursed under the terms of various research and development cost sharing agreements.

      Selling, general and administrative. Selling, general and administrative expense increased to $4.1 million for the six months ended June 28, 2003 from $3.5 million for the six months ended June 29, 2002, representing 25% and 24%, respectively, of net revenue. The increase was primarily the result of $0.6 million of surplus facility costs being recorded in selling, general and administrative expense.

      Interest expense. Interest expense decreased to $1.0 million for the six months ended June 28, 2003 from $1.3 million in the six months ended June 29, 2002. The decrease in interest expense was due to a reduction in convertible notes outstanding as a result of the exchange offer completed by Intevac in July 2002.

      Interest income and other, net. Interest income and other, net totaled ($0.2) million and $0.4 million for the six months ended June 28, 2003 and June 29, 2002, respectively. Interest income and other, net in 2003 consisted primarily of $0.4 million of interest and dividend income on investments offset by the establishment of a $0.6 million reserve related to the disposition of fixed assets. Interest income and other, net in 2002 consisted primarily of interest and dividend income on investments.

      Provision for (benefit from) income taxes. For the six months ended June 28, 2003, Intevac did not accrue a tax benefit due to the inability to realize additional refunds from loss carry-backs. We accrued a tax benefit of $6.4 million for the six-month period ended June 29, 2002.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

      Intevac’s operating activities used cash of $6.7 million for the six months ended June 28, 2003. The cash used was due primarily to the net loss incurred and the semi-annual interest payment on our convertible notes, which was partially offset by depreciation and amortization. In the six months ended June 29, 2002, the Company’s operating activities used cash of $1.1 million due primarily to the net loss incurred and the semi-annual interest payment on our convertible notes, which was partially offset by increases in customer advances, and by depreciation and amortization.

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      Intevac’s investing activities used cash of $1.7 million and $0.6 million for the six months ended June 28, 2003 and June 29, 2002, respectively, for the purchase of fixed assets.

      Intevac’s financing activities provided cash of $0.2 million and $0.1 million for the six-month periods ended June 28, 2003 and June 29, 2002 as the result of the sale of Intevac common stock to our employees through Intevac’s employee benefit plans.

      At June 28, 2003, Intevac had $20.2 million of cash and cash equivalents. Intevac intends to undertake approximately $1 million in capital expenditures during the next 6 months and believes the existing cash and cash equivalent balances will be sufficient to meet its cash requirements for the balance of 2003.

      Intevac has incurred operating losses each year since 1998 and cannot predict with certainty when it will return to operating profitability. 2003 operating results and cash flow are contingent upon a number of factors, but in particular on the receipt by the Equipment Products Division of large multi-system disk manufacturing equipment orders. While Intevac is forecasting the receipt of these orders in the second half of 2003, it is not able to accurately predict when, or if, its Equipment Products Division will actually receive these orders, or the timing of the resulting revenue. Regardless of when these orders are received, we do not expect to receive sufficient equipment orders deliverable for revenue during 2003 to prevent an operating loss during 2003.

Certain Factors Which May Affect Future Operating Results

     Revenue generated by our businesses during 2003 will not provide sufficient gross profit to cover operating and interest expenses.

      The majority of our revenues and gross profit have historically been derived from sales of disk manufacturing equipment and deposition and rapid thermal processing equipment for the manufacture of flat panel displays. Our sales of disk manufacturing equipment have been severely depressed since the middle of 1998. While we believe that the disk manufacturing industry will need to make substantial investments to upgrade its productive capacity, the timing of this investment is uncertain and there can be no assurance that it will happen, or that we will be selected to provide these upgrades. We sold our rapid thermal processing product line to Photon Dynamics in November 2002, a product line which accounted for $7.1 million of our net revenues during 2002. Additionally, other than for products that are already shipped and undergoing installation and acceptance testing, we have no current backlog of orders for deposition products for the manufacture of flat panel displays, nor are we actively marketing any of our flat panel display deposition products. PTD has yet to earn an annual profit. Failure to generate sufficient net revenues and gross profit in 2003 to offset operating and interest expenses will have an adverse effect on our business, net worth and cash.

     We sell our Equipment Products to a small number of large customers. Competition is intense and loss of one of those customers would significantly reduce potential future revenues.

      We market our disk manufacturing equipment to a small number of large multinational hard disk drive and media manufacturers such as Hitachi Global Storage Technology, Komag, Maxtor and Seagate Technology. Our customers operate in an extremely cost competitive industry and put great emphasis on controlling costs, including the cost of procuring disk manufacturing equipment such as the equipment we sell. The disk manufacturing industry has not made significant additions to capacity since 1998. Also, as the industry has consolidated since 1998, a number of customers have purchased used equipment at reduced prices rather than pay full price for new equipment.

      Our disk manufacturing products experience intense competition worldwide from Anelva Corporation, Ulvac Japan, Ltd. and Unaxis Holdings, Ltd., each of which has sold substantial numbers of systems worldwide. Anelva, Ulvac and Unaxis all have substantially greater financial, technical, marketing, manufacturing and other resources than we do. There can be no assurance that our competitors will not develop enhancements to, or future generations of, competitive products that will offer superior price or performance features or that new competitors will not enter our markets and develop such enhanced products.

      Accordingly, product pricing is extremely competitive and competition for our customers is intense, and we, or our competitors, may offer substantial pricing concessions and incentives to attract customers or retain existing

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     The majority of our future revenue is dependent on new products. If these new products are not successful, then our results of operations will be severely impacted.

      We have invested heavily, and continue to invest, in the development of new products. EPD continues to invest heavily to develop its 200 Lean disk manufacturing system and related products for the thin-film disk manufacturing industry. PTD’s LIVAR® target identification and low light level camera technologies are designed to offer significantly improved capability to military customers. CID is developing commercial products based on the technology developed by PTD. These businesses will require substantial further investment in sales and marketing, in product development and in additional production facilities. There can be no assurance that we will succeed in these activities and generate significant sales of products. The development of all these products requires substantial investments in product and market development and has resulted in substantial operating losses at Intevac. Successful development, introduction and sale of these new products is necessary for us to generate operating profits. Failure of any of these products to perform as intended, to penetrate their markets and develop into profitable product lines would have an adverse effect on our business.

     Demand for capital equipment is cyclical, which subjects our business to long periods of depressed revenues interspersed with periods of unusually high revenues.

      EPD sells equipment to capital intensive industries, which sell commodity products such as disk drives and flat panel displays. These industries operate with high fixed costs. When demand for these commodity products exceeds capacity, demand for new capital equipment such as ours tends to be amplified. When supply of these commodity products exceeds demand, the demand for new capital equipment such as ours tends to be depressed. The cyclical nature of the capital equipment industry means that in some years sales of new systems by us will be unusually high, and that in other years sales of new systems by us will be severely depressed. Sales of systems for thin-film disk production have been severely depressed since the middle of 1998. Our customers have been able to defer significant investment in new disk deposition systems since 1998 by continually extending the capability of the installed base of disk deposition systems to produce disks with ever increasing areal density. Some of our customers believe that the installed base of disk deposition equipment is no longer capable of cost effectively producing disks at rapidly increasing rates of areal density, while other of our customers believe that the installed base of disk deposition equipment can be further extended to produce disks with increasing areal density. The timing of replacement of the installed base of our customers will have an impact on our sales. Failure to anticipate or respond quickly to the industry business cycle could have an adverse effect on our business.

     Our business is subject to rapid technical change, which requires us to continually develop new products in order to sustain and grow our revenue.

      Our ability to remain competitive requires substantial investments in research and development. The failure to develop, manufacture and market new systems, or to enhance existing systems, would have an adverse effect on our business. From time to time, we have experienced delays in the introduction of, and technical difficulties with, some of our systems and enhancements. Our future success in developing and selling equipment will depend upon a variety of factors, including our ability to accurately predict future customer requirements, technological advances, cost of ownership, our introduction of new products on schedule, cost-effective manufacturing and product performance in the field. Our new product decisions and development commitments must anticipate continuously evolving industry requirements significantly in advance of sales. Any failure to accurately predict customer requirements and to develop new generations of products to meet those requirements would have an adverse effect on our business.

     Our products are complex, constantly evolving and are often designed and manufactured to individual customer requirements that require additional engineering.

      EPD systems have a large number of components and are highly complex. We may experience delays and technical and manufacturing difficulties in future introductions or volume production of new systems or

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     The sales of our disk and flat panel products are dependent on substantial capital investment by our customers, far in excess of the cost of our products.

      The purchase of our systems, and the purchase of other related equipment and facilities, requires extremely large capital expenditures by our customers. These costs are far in excess of the cost of our systems alone. The magnitude of such capital expenditures requires that our customers have access to large amounts of capital and that they be willing to invest that capital over long periods of time to be able to purchase our equipment. Some of our potential customers, particularly those that would otherwise purchase our disk manufacturing products, may not be willing, or able, to make the magnitude of capital investment required.

     Our significant amount of debt could have a negative effect on us and on our security holders.

      We have $1.0 million of convertible notes due in 2004 and $29.6 million of convertible notes due in 2009 outstanding. The aggregate $30.6 million of convertible notes commits us to substantial principal and interest obligations. Our significant amount of debt could harm Intevac and holders of our common stock and convertible notes in many ways, including:

	•	reducing the funds available to finance our business operations and for other corporate purposes because a portion of our cash flow from operations must be dedicated to the payment of principal and interest on our debt;
	•	impairing our ability to obtain additional financing for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions or general corporate purposes;
	•	placing us at a competitive disadvantage because we are substantially more leveraged than certain of our competitors;
	•	hindering our ability to adjust rapidly to changing market conditions; and
	•	making us more vulnerable financially in the event of a further downturn in general economic conditions or in our business.

      Our ability to meet our debt service obligations will depend on our future operating performance and cash flow. Our operating performance and cash flow, in part, are subject to business, financial and economic factors beyond our control.

     We may undertake significant additional financing transactions in order to maintain sufficient cash to conduct our operations.

      We may need to obtain additional financing to fund our future operations, and we may seek to raise additional funds through a variety of alternative sources, including the sale of additional securities or from other financing arrangements or asset sales. Our board of directors has from time to time considered a number of possible transactions. Such transactions might include:

	•	selling off a portion of our assets to raise additional capital;
	•	undertaking a rights offering to obtain financing from our existing shareholders;

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	•	attempting to raise additional equity through public or private offerings;
	•	attempting to raise additional debt financing; or
	•	obtaining a line of credit.

      We may undertake one or more of these transactions. We do not know whether we will be able to complete any of these transactions on a timely basis, on terms satisfactory to us, or at all. For example, we may not have access to new capital in the public or private markets until our results of operations improve, if at all. In addition, some of these transactions may result in significant dilution to our existing security holders or impairment of their rights. Nonetheless, if we are unable to complete one or more of these transactions, our ability to maintain our ongoing operations, and to pay principal and interest in cash on our outstanding notes when due, may be jeopardized.

     We may not have the financial resources to repurchase our convertible notes if one of the events giving holders the right to require us to repurchase their notes occurs.

      Certain events give holders of our convertible notes, including both our convertible notes due 2004 (“2004 Notes”) and convertible notes due 2009 (“2009 Notes”), the right to require us to repurchase their notes. These events include the termination of trading of our common stock or a transaction that results in a change in control (which includes a person acquiring beneficial ownership of greater than 50% of our shares, a merger or consolidation, the sale of all or substantially all of our assets, or a change in the majority of our directors). In the case of the 2009 Notes only, a distribution to our common stock holders of all the capital stock of a subsidiary that at the time constitutes our Photonics business will also give the holders of the 2009 Notes the right to require us to repurchase their 2009 Notes. If one of these designated events were to occur, we may not have enough funds to pay the repurchase price for all notes for which repurchase is requested. Moreover, any future credit agreements or other debt agreements may prohibit such a repurchase, or may provide that such a repurchase constitutes an event of default under that debt agreement. If we are put in a position where one of these designated events has occurred but we are prohibited from repurchasing the notes, we could seek the consent of our lenders to repurchase the notes in question, or could attempt to refinance the debt agreements. If we do not obtain the lenders consent, we could not repurchase the notes, which would constitute an event of default under the particular indenture governing those notes, which might in turn also constitute an event of default under the terms of our other debt.

     Our business depends on the integrity of our intellectual property rights.

      There can be no assurance that:

	•	any of our pending or future patent applications will be allowed or that any of the allowed applications will be issued as patents;
	•	any of our patents will not be invalidated, deemed unenforceable, circumvented or challenged;
	•	the rights granted under our patents will provide competitive advantages to us;
	•	any of our pending or future patent applications will issue with claims of the scope sought by us, if at all;
	•	others will not develop similar products, duplicate our products or design around our patents; or
	•	patent rights, intellectual property laws or our agreements will adequately protect our intellectual property rights.

      From time to time, we have received claims that we are infringing third parties’ intellectual property rights. There can be no assurance that third parties will not in the future claim infringement by us with respect to current or future patents, trademarks, or other proprietary rights relating to our products. Any present or future claims, with or without merit, could be time-consuming, result in costly litigation, cause product shipment delays or require us to enter into royalty or licensing agreements. Such royalty or licensing agreements, if required, may not be available on terms acceptable to us, or at all. Any of the foregoing could have an adverse effect upon our business.

      We provide products that are expected to have a long useful life and that are critical to our customers’ operations. From time to time, as part of business agreements, we place portions of our intellectual property into

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      Failure to adequately protect our intellectual property rights could have an adverse effect upon our business.

     Our operating results fluctuate significantly.

      Over the last ten quarters our operating loss as a percentage of net revenues has fluctuated between approximately 90% and 1% of net revenues. Over the same period our sales per quarter have fluctuated between $23.6 million and $4.6 million. We anticipate that our sales and operating margins will continue to fluctuate. As a result, period-to-period comparisons of our results of operations are not necessarily meaningful and should not be relied upon as indications of future performance.

     Operating costs in northern California are high.

      Our operations are located in Santa Clara, California. The cost of living in northern California is extremely high, which increases both the cost of doing business and the cost and difficulty of recruiting new employees. Our operating results depend in significant part upon our ability to effectively manage costs and to retain and attract qualified management, engineering, marketing, manufacturing, customer support, sales and administrative personnel. The failure to control costs and to attract and retain qualified personnel could have an adverse effect on our business.

     Business interruptions could adversely affect our business.

      Our operations are vulnerable to interruption by fire, earthquake, power loss, telecommunications failure and other events beyond our control.

     A significant portion of our sales are made to international customers.

      Sales and operating activities outside of the United States are subject to inherent risks, including fluctuations in the value of the United States dollar relative to foreign currencies, tariffs, quotas, taxes and other market barriers, political and economic instability, restrictions on the export or import of technology, potentially limited intellectual property protection, difficulties in staffing and managing international operations and potentially adverse tax consequences. We earn a significant portion of our revenue from international sales, and there can be no assurance that any of these factors will not have an adverse effect on our business.

      We generally quote and sell our products in US dollars. However, for some Japanese customers, we have quoted and sold our products in Japanese Yen. From time to time, we have entered into foreign currency contracts in an effort to reduce the overall risk of currency fluctuations to our business. However, there can be no assurance that the offer and sale of products denominated in foreign currencies, and the related foreign currency hedging activities will not adversely affect our business.

      Our two principal competitors for disk deposition equipment are based in foreign countries and have cost structures based on foreign currencies. Accordingly, currency fluctuations could cause the price of our products to be more, or less, competitive than these competitors’ products. Currency fluctuations will decrease, or increase, Intevac’s cost structure relative to those of our competitors, which could impact our competitive position.

     We expect the market price of our common stock and convertible notes to be volatile.

      The market price of our common stock has experienced both significant increases in valuation and significant decreases in valuation, over short periods of time. We believe that factors such as announcements of developments related to our business, fluctuations in our operating results, failure to meet securities analysts’ expectations, general conditions in the disk drive and thin-film media manufacturing industries and the worldwide economy, announcements of technological innovations, new systems or product enhancements by us or our competitors, fluctuations in the level of cooperative development funding, acquisitions, changes in governmental regulations, developments in patents or other intellectual property rights and changes in our relationships with customers and suppliers could cause the price of our common stock to continue to fluctuate substantially. In

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     We routinely evaluate acquisition candidates and other diversification strategies.

      We have completed multiple acquisitions as part of our efforts to expand and diversify our business. For example, our business was initially acquired from Varian Associates in 1991. We acquired our gravity lubrication and rapid thermal processing product lines in two acquisitions. We also acquired the RPC electron beam processing business in late 1997, and subsequently closed this business. We sold the rapid thermal processing product line in November 2002. We intend to continue to evaluate new acquisition candidates, divestiture and diversification strategies. Any acquisition involves numerous risks, including difficulties in the assimilation of the acquired company’s employees, operations and products, uncertainties associated with operating in new markets and working with new customers, and the potential loss of the acquired company’s key employees. Additionally, unanticipated expenses, difficulties and consequences may be incurred relating to the integration of technologies, research and development, and administrative and other functions. Any future acquisitions may also result in potentially dilutive issuance of equity securities, acquisition or divestiture related write-offs and the assumption of debt and contingent liabilities. Any of the above factors could adversely affect our business.

     We use hazardous materials.

      We are subject to a variety of governmental regulations relating to the use, storage, discharge, handling, emission, generation, manufacture, treatment and disposal of toxic or otherwise hazardous substances, chemicals, materials or waste. Any failure to comply with current or future regulations could result in substantial civil penalties or criminal fines being imposed on us or our officers, directors or employees, suspension of production, alteration of our manufacturing process or cessation of operations. Such regulations could require us to acquire expensive remediation or abatement equipment or to incur substantial expenses to comply with environmental regulations. Any failure by us to properly manage the use, disposal or storage of, or adequately restrict the release of, hazardous or toxic substances could subject us to significant liabilities.

     Our directors and executive officers control a majority of our outstanding common stock.

      Based on the shares outstanding on June 28, 2003, our current directors and their affiliates and our executive officers, in the aggregate, beneficially own a majority of the outstanding shares of common stock. These shareholders, acting together, are able to effectively control all matters requiring approval by our shareholders, including the election of a majority of the directors and approval of significant corporate transactions. Two of our directors also hold in aggregate 7% of the outstanding convertible notes.

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Item 3.     Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

      Interest rate risk. The table below presents principal amounts and related weighted-average interest rates by year of maturity for our debt obligations as of June 28, 2003.