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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
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FORM 10-K
[X] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1999
OR
[ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 (NO FEE REQUIRED)
FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM ____________ TO ____________ .
COMMISSION FILE NUMBER 0-
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REDBACK NETWORKS INC.
(EXACT NAME OF REGISTRANT AS SPECIFIED IN ITS CHARTER)
DELAWARE 77-0438443
(STATE OR OTHER JURISDICTION OF (IRS EMPLOYER
INCORPORATION OR ORGANIZATION) IDENTIFICATION NUMBER)
1389 MOFFETT PARK DRIVE, SUNNYVALE, CALIFORNIA 94089
(ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICES) (ZIP CODE)
(408) 548-3500
(REGISTRANT'S TELEPHONE NUMBER, INCLUDING AREA CODE)
SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OF THE ACT:
None
SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(g) OF THE ACT:
Common Stock, $0.0001
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports
required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such
filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes X No _____
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item
405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the
best of Registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements
incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this
Form 10-K. [ ]
The aggregate market value of voting common stock held by non-affiliates of
the registrant (based on the closing price for the common stock on the Nasdaq
National Market on January 28, 2000) was approximately $7.4 billion. Shares of
common stock held by each officer and director and by each person who owns 5% or
more of the outstanding common stock have been excluded in that such persons may
be deemed to be affiliates. This determination of affiliate status is not
necessarily a conclusive determination for other purposes.
As of January 28, 2000, 44,135,869 shares of common stock were outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Certain sections of the Registrant's definitive proxy statement filed in
connection with its annual meeting of stockholders to be held on March 7, 2000
are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K where indicated.
Certain exhibits and appendices filed with the Registration Statement on
Form S-1 (File No. 333-74479), as amended, and the Registration Statement on
Form S-4 (File No. 333-95947), as amended, filed in connection with the special
meeting of stockholders to be held on March 8, 2000, are incorporated by
reference into Part IV of this Form 10-K where indicated.
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REDBACK NETWORKS INC.
FORM 10-K
DECEMBER 31, 1999
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
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PART I
Item 1. Business.................................................... 1
Item 2. Properties.................................................. 21
Item 3. Legal Proceedings........................................... 21
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders......... 22
PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity and Related
Stockholder Matters......................................... 22
Item 6. Selected Financial Data..................................... 23
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition
and Results of
Operations.................................................. 24
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk... 28
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data................. 28
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting
and Financial Disclosure.................................... 28
PART III
Item 10. Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant.......... 28
Item 11. Executive Compensation...................................... 29
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and
Management.................................................. 29
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions.............. 29
PART IV
Item 14. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules, and Reports on Form
8-K......................................................... 29
Signatures.................................................. 31
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PART I
All statements in this discussion that are not historical are
forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities
Exchange Act, including statements regarding Redback's "expectations",
"beliefs", "hopes", "intentions", "strategies" or the like. Such statements are
based on management's current expectations and are subject to a number of
factors and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially
from those described in the forward-looking statements. Redback cautions
investors that there can be no assurance that actual results or business
conditions will not differ materially from those projected or suggested in such
forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including, but not
limited to, the risk factors discussed in this Form 10-K. Redback expressly
disclaims any obligation or undertaking to release publicly any updates or
revisions to any forward-looking statements contained herein to reflect any
change in Redback's expectations with regard thereto or any change in events,
conditions, or circumstances on which any such statements are based.
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
OVERVIEW
Redback is a leading provider of advanced networking systems that enable
carriers, cable operators and service providers to rapidly deploy high-speed
access to the Internet and corporate networks. Our products, consisting of the
SMS 500, SMS 1000 and SMS 1800, combine networking hardware with sophisticated
software. Our products connect and manage large numbers of subscribers using any
of the major high-speed access technologies, including digital subscriber line,
cable and wireless. We sell our products through our direct sales force,
resellers and distribution partners.
Bridging the gap between high-speed access concentrators and routers
connecting to the Internet backbone, our flagship product, the SMS 1000, is
currently being used by many of the largest carriers and service providers.
UUNET, a subsidiary of MCI Worldcom, SBC, Southwestern Bell Information Services
and Pacific Bell Internet, subsidiaries of SBC and GTE have been, since
inception, our largest customers in terms of revenues. Other representative
customers include Ameritech, Bell Canada, Bell South, Concentric, Earthlink,
Flashcom, Korea Telecom, Verio and @Work, a division of @Home.
On November 28, 1999, Redback entered into an agreement to merge with Siara
Systems, Inc. ("Siara") in a transaction to be accounted for as a purchase.
Siara stockholders, optionholders and warrantholders will receive an aggregate
total of 31,341,986 shares of Redback common stock and shares subject to options
or warrants, as applicable, in the merger. The aggregate purchase price of the
Siara acquisition is estimated to be approximately $4.5 billion based on the
average closing price of Redback's stock for the five day period including the
date of the announcement of the signing of the merger agreement. See additional
discussion regarding our proposed merger with Siara in Item 7 of this Form
10-K -- Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results
of Operations.
INDUSTRY BACKGROUND
INCREASING DEMAND FOR BROADBAND ACCESS SERVICES
In recent years, there has been a significant increase in demand by
businesses and consumers for broadband, or high-speed, access to the Internet
and to corporate networks. Increasing numbers of users are relying on networks
based on Internet Protocol, the dominant software standard for the Internet, to
access corporate intranets and the Web and to participate in network-dependent
activities such as email, electronic commerce, telecommuting and on-line
entertainment. Consumers are seeking low-cost, high-speed access to
bandwidth-intensive Internet content and services such as highly graphical Web
sites, audio, video and high-speed data. Businesses have even greater
requirements for high-speed access in order to implement electronic commerce
strategies or Web-based business models, and to provide employees and others
with robust telecommuting capabilities. These applications often require the
transmission of large, multimedia-intensive files, which is practical only with
high-speed data access services.
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EMERGING BROADBAND INTERNET ACCESS OPTIONS
Carriers, cable operators and service providers are responding to this
demand for high-speed access by providing inexpensive and comprehensive
broadband services. These services deliver "always on" availability that
eliminates the tedious dial-up process associated with analog modem
technologies. Changes in telecommunications regulations have facilitated the
development of broadband strategies by local access providers, using the
following technologies:
Digital Subscriber Line. The market for digital subscriber line services is
expanding rapidly. Digital subscriber line operates over standard copper
telephone wires, utilizing an extensive network infrastructure that can be
upgraded for broadband services. Various implementations of digital subscriber
line are being developed and deployed, including full-rate consumer oriented
asymmetrical digital subscriber line and G.lite and business oriented
symmetrical digital subscriber line. Digital subscriber line can also serve as
an affordable replacement for dedicated lines used to deliver high-speed data
services. Incumbent local exchange carriers, including Ameritech, Bell Atlantic,
Bell South, GTE, Pacific Bell, SBC and US West, have deployed digital subscriber
line services. Telecommunications regulatory reform has enabled the new
competitive local exchange carriers and leading Internet exchange carriers,
including Covad Communications, MCI Worldcom, NorthPoint Communications, Rhythms
NetConnections, and Sprint, to provide digital subscriber line service over the
same telephone infrastructure used by the local exchange carriers.
Interactive Cable. High-speed interactive communication across the cable
infrastructure is made possible by the combination of two-way cable, cable
modems installed in the home and cable modem termination systems installed at
major cable concentration points. Several companies are currently deploying
broadband access services across two-way cable, including @Home and TimeWarner,
through its Roadrunner service. With upgrades to two-way cable, cable operators
are well positioned to deploy broadband access services.
Wireless. As an alternative to wireline access, carriers and service
providers are using wireless technologies to provide cost-effective broadband
access. Many of these providers are in the early stages of using their licenses
to deploy broadband wireless access services.
Fiber-to-the-Curb. Fiber optic cable supports an alternative broadband
access technology based on light and photonics that offers nearly unlimited
bandwidth capacity. Where deployment costs are justified by service opportunity,
fiber optic cable is being deployed in the "last mile" from the telephone
central office to the subscriber. Recent fiber-to-the-curb initiatives have been
pursued by several local exchange carriers.
OBSTACLES TO DEPLOYING BROADBAND ACCESS
Regardless of the type of broadband access delivered, deployments of
broadband services pose several major challenges associated with scaling and
configuring existing architectures to accommodate large numbers of new
high-speed subscribers. The traditional dial network model, relying on analog
modems and standard telephone lines, is structured so that service providers can
aggregate subscribers using remote access servers, located at the service
providers' data centers. Although constrained by speed, this network model
allows service providers not only to aggregate subscriber connections and pass
the traffic to routers, but also to manage subscriber provisioning,
authentication and accounting in the remote access server.
With broadband access technologies, however, subscriber connections are
first concentrated by the carriers and cable operators using technology-specific
access concentrators such as digital subscriber line access multiplexers and
cable modem termination systems. From there, high-speed data circuits are
aggregated at a central facility by carriers, cable operators or other service
providers who terminate subscriber connections and provide backbone connectivity
to the Internet. These service providers therefore need to manage thousands of
subscribers' connections and to route subscribers' data to and from the
Internet. While service providers have been using traditional routers to provide
both the circuit termination and Internet connectivity functions, routers were
only designed to address the Internet connection task and are limited to
managing several hundred subscribers, significantly less than the thousands of
potential subscribers associated with a widely deployed service. In addition,
unlike existing remote access servers used in the traditional analog
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modem dial network model, routers were not designed to provide broadband
subscriber management functions such as provisioning, authentication and
accounting.
Broadband technologies pose additional challenges for service providers
interested in offering more than one type of broadband service. Each broadband
access technology uses different equipment at the service provider's facility.
As a result, service providers offering multiple broadband services
significantly increase their costs, as they must purchase different routers and
deploy different operational models for each broadband service they choose to
offer to their subscribers. The traditional broadband network model is depicted
below:
SEPARATE NETWORKS FOR EACH ACCESS TECHNOLOGY
[DIAGRAM]
Another obstacle to deploying broadband services is the point-to-point, or
dedicated, nature of broadband access technologies. Whether the access method is
digital subscriber line, cable or wireless, each of these technologies provides
a dedicated link from one starting point, such as a home or small office, to a
single destination network, such as a service provider or a corporation. Thus, a
telecommuter who purchases a digital subscriber line service for connecting to a
corporate network is unable to use the same line to access directly a consumer
service provider for personal Web surfing.
There is a growing demand from carriers, cable operators and service
providers to address these issues so that they are able to provide their
customers with reliable, scalable, easy-to-use high-speed access on a cost-
effective basis. Carriers, cable operators and service providers require highly
scalable networks and the ability to manage and groom individual subscriber data
streams into simplified Internet Protocol flows for routers connecting to the
Internet backbone. Service providers must be able to rapidly and
cost-effectively aggregate data streams from diverse broadband access
technologies from different carriers and cable operators.
THE REDBACK SOLUTION
Redback provides solutions that make it possible for carriers, cable
operators and service providers to connect and manage large numbers of
subscribers using high-speed access technologies such as digital subscriber
line, cable and wireless. Our SMS 500, SMS 1000 and SMS 1800 let carriers, cable
operators and
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service providers connect thousands of subscribers quickly and cost-effectively,
as well as manage subscriber accounts and service profiles. Carriers, cable
operators and service providers are able to deliver different kinds of
high-speed access and a variety of service offerings with a single operational
structure. Our SMS network model is described below:
REDBACK SUPPORTS ALL MAJOR BROADBAND TECHNOLOGIES
[DIAGRAM]
Key benefits of our solution include the following:
Enhances Broadband Operations. Our products bridge the operational gap
between "last mile" access networks that serve businesses and homes and the
routers connecting to the Internet backbone used by service providers. Our
products accept a large concentration of high-speed data traffic from multiple
access concentrators and translate it to an Internet Protocol data stream,
relieving routers connecting to the Internet backbone of traffic translation and
management responsibilities. In this process, our products manage individual
subscriber connections and reduce the number of routers required for widespread
deployment of broadband services.
Supports All Major Access Technologies. Our products provide and support a
consistent operational model across major access technologies including digital
subscriber line, cable, wireless and dial, and can be deployed by all types of
access providers, including incumbent and competitive local exchange carriers,
cable operators and service providers. For example, a service provider, using
the SMS, can offer digital subscriber line services today and later add or
resell a cable or wireless service offering through the same SMS 500, SMS 1000
or SMS 1800. With our products, providers are able to utilize one product and
one familiar operational model to deliver multiple broadband access technologies
to serve thousands of subscribers.
Facilitates Rapid and Scalable Deployment. Our products support service
providers' existing accounting and management software systems. This enables
service providers to quickly deploy new high-speed access services and thus gain
a critical advantage in the highly competitive Internet access market. For
example, our products have built-in support for the industry standard for
accounting and security databases, as well as support for the major digital
subscriber line protocols and implementations. To further facilitate rapid
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deployment, we designed our products to be interoperable with equipment from
multiple vendors, for each integration into existing networks. Our products are
compatible with existing routers and support high performance levels, thereby
eliminating the need to purchase new routers. Once in place, the SMS 500, SMS
1000 and SMS 1800 architecture is inherently more scalable than a router-based
architecture. The SMS 1000 and SMS 1800 currently support 8,000 simultaneous
subscriber sessions, over fifteen times the number of subscribers supported by
conventional routers.
Provides Platform for the Delivery of Value-Added Services. Our SMS enables
providers to create and market new service offerings that leverage basic
broadband connectivity and capabilities. The multiple context functionality of
our products lets service providers configure subscribers to access multiple
services across a single physical link. For example, a telecommuter can access a
corporate network from home while his or her family simultaneously accesses
consumer Internet services through the same connection. Thus, a service provider
previously generating a flat monthly access fee can offer value-added services
and generate multiple revenue streams through "re-profiling". In addition, a
wholesale provider of network services can partition high-speed transport
services among multiple service providers or corporate customers through a
single SMS 500, SMS 1000 or SMS 1800 with "re-selling". A large provider can use
this capability to provide wholesale access to up to hundreds of smaller
providers per SMS 1000 or SMS 1800 chassis -- a significant improvement for
wholesale transactions.
Simplifies End-User Administration and Support. Our approach allows easy
configuration and administration of end-user broadband modems, reducing service
providers' costs and enhancing their ability to rapidly deploy services to
thousands of subscribers. For example, we utilize a standard networking protocol
to provide individualized services for multiple users sharing a single
connection, such as multiple PCs in a home or office. Our products also support
a variety of means to manage users, resulting in reduced training and lower
operational expenses.
STRATEGY
Our objective is to be the leading provider of advanced networking systems
that enable carriers, cable operators and service providers to rapidly deploy
high-speed access to the Internet and corporate networks. Key elements of our
strategy include the following:
Extend Leadership in the Carrier and Service Provider Market. We are
focused on delivering subscriber management solutions to carriers and service
providers and have established early market leadership in the digital subscriber
line market through account wins in several major networks. We currently have
orders or installations at four of the five RBOCs, including SBC, Bell Atlantic,
Bell South and Ameritech, as well as installations at other national and
international carriers, including Bell Canada, GTE and Korea Telecom.
Additionally, we have several leading service providers as customers, including
UUNET, a subsidiary of MCI Worldcom, Earthlink, Concentric, Southwestern Bell
Information Services and Pacific Bell Internet, subsidiaries of SBC, and @Work,
a division of @Home. We plan to extend our market leadership position by
continuing to invest in sales and marketing efforts that let us further
penetrate existing accounts, develop early customer relationships and win new
service provider accounts for all types of broadband access.
Penetrate Cable and Wireless Broadband Markets. We intend to use our
leadership position in digital subscriber line subscriber management to
penetrate other critical broadband access markets, such as cable, wireless and
fiber-to-the-curb. We plan to continue to enhance our solutions that support
multiple broadband access technologies and to expand our sales and marketing
efforts.
Our solution has gained acceptance across multiple broadband access markets
by offering service providers the ability to support multiple broadband access
markets.
Expand Global Distribution and Strengthen Relationships with Distribution
Partners. We currently pursue a direct and indirect sales strategy to penetrate
carrier, cable operator and service provider organizations in North America,
focusing primarily on large Internet service providers, or ISPs, and incumbent
and competitive local exchange carriers. We also target smaller service
providers through resellers that participate in our authorized PowerPartners
program. Resellers who participate in our PowerPartners
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program sell our products to their customers. We do not have formal partnership
agreements with resellers who participate in our PowerPartners program. However,
we offer participating resellers discounts, technical training materials, access
to an exclusive web-site and exclusive marketing and sales materials.
Since inception, a substantial majority of our revenues have been generated
through direct sales. We have expanded our presence globally by increasing the
scope and size of our sales force by adding dedicated sales resources in both
Europe and Asia. To further support our global sales objectives, we have
established relationships with companies such as Nokia, which are leading
communications and networking companies with significant customer relationships
in place. Although we do not have formal partnership agreements with these
companies, which we refer to as distribution partners, they have enabled us to
rapidly expand our global sales presence and to leverage their established
relationships with major carriers and service providers. Unlike resellers who
participate in our PowerPartners program that sell our product directly to their
customers, our distribution partners integrate our products into their products
and sell the integrated product to their customers.
Leverage Leading Software Capabilities. We believe our products' operating
system software differentiates our solution and gives us a competitive advantage
in the marketplace. We intend to continue to enhance our wholesale, security,
bandwidth management, subscriber accounting and billing, and network management
capabilities with our highly experienced team of software engineers. We expect
our current and future products will share a common software foundation and
offer a consistent operational model.
Enable New Consumer and Business Services. We believe our solution provides
a highly flexible platform for the creation and delivery of new value-added
services. We will continue to work directly with our customers to develop
features and functionality that further enhance the ability of service providers
to deliver profitable new broadband-based services. We believe this approach
will increase the value we offer in both new and existing installations, as well
as contribute to the continued business success of our customers. Examples of
these new services include tiered "gold" or "platinum" high-availability
services, virtual private networks and bundled teleworker services.
Deliver Broad Product Family. Our flagship SMS 1000 and the next-generation
SMS 1800 are targeted at carriers, cable operators and large service providers.
We have expanded our product offering with the SMS 500, which is targeted at
service provider facilities with fewer subscribers than those using the SMS 1000
or SMS 1800. Our strategy is to continue to leverage our products' operating
system software across multiple access technologies and products. In so doing,
we intend to address a range of functionality, density and application
requirements of carriers, cable operators and small and large service providers.
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CUSTOMERS
The following is a list of companies that have purchased at least $200,000
worth of our products and services:
SERVICE PROVIDERS CARRIERS RESELLERS
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Advanced Telecom Group Ameritech ComTrend
Concentric AT&T Wireless ECI Telecom
Earthlink Bell Atlantic Fujitsu
First World Communications Bell Canada GTI
Flashcom Bell South Lucent
InterQuest Communications CHT NCA
JumpPoint Communications France Telecom Nokia
MindSpring Enterprises GTE Network Systems Integrators
Pacific Bell Internet, a subsidiary of SBC Korea Telecom Plexus Technology
Primary Network Communications QWEST Communications Solunet
PSI Net SBC Starcom
Southwestern Bell Information Southern N.E. Telephone Structured Communications
Systems, a subsidiary of SBC Sprint Sumitomo Electronics
UUNET, a subsidiary of MCI Worldcom Williams Communications
Verio
@Work, a division of @Home
The following examples illustrate how organizations are using our products
to deploy broadband service offerings.
NETWORK SERVICE PROVIDER
One of the world's largest network service providers announced that it
intended to roll out its digital subscriber line service in 1999. The rollout,
which was one of the largest digital subscriber line deployments offered by any
service provider to date, included two different categories of digital
subscriber line services: (1) symmetrical digital subscriber line services
designed to support business applications such as Web hosting, e-commerce and
bulk file transfer; and (2) asymmetrical digital subscriber line services
targeted at consumer applications such as Internet surfing, home shopping and
interactive games. In order to offer a broad deployment on a rapid time
schedule, the service provider required a solution that would enable it to
quickly and easily scale to large proportions.
The network service provider chose us to anchor its digital subscriber line
service offering, and deployed the SMS 1000 as an edge device that performs all
of the aggregation, management and conversion functions necessary to deliver
router-ready Internet Protocol data streams to the backbone. The network service
provider will aggregate as many as 8,000 subscribers per SMS 1000 over
high-speed links issuing from various central office sources. The network
service provider will be able to handle the extra volume of traffic resulting
from high-speed digital subscriber line without adding any more router power to
its backbone. Using the SMS 1000's powerful multiple context functionality, the
network service provider will deliver wholesale digital subscriber line
services.
INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER
One of the largest consumer ISPs was interested in adding broadband access
to its portfolio of access services. The ISP was already a leader in traditional
dial-up access with hundreds of thousands of subscribers, and was looking to add
cable access and asymmetrical digital subscriber line access over various
transfer modes. Specifically, the ISP received digital subscriber line capacity
from strategic wholesale partners, and cable capacity through an affiliated
cable operator. The ISP was facing the issue of how to cost-effectively
aggregate subscriber traffic from these different access technologies while
maintaining its existing, and highly successful, operational model.
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By using our SMS 1000 in its large subscriber aggregation points, the ISP
was able to concentrate its different digital subscriber line and cable feeds
using a single vendor's device. Additionally, because the SMS 1000 was fully
integrated with the ISP's existing billing and authentication systems, the ISP
was able to leverage and retain its many years of operating expertise and
continue using its existing operational model with new broadband service
offerings.
INCUMBENT LOCAL EXCHANGE CARRIER AFFILIATE
An unregulated affiliate of an incumbent local exchange carrier had been
operating trials of its digital subscriber line Internet access service in a
limited number of communities and households for over a year and planned to
announce a much broader service deployment and breakthrough pricing levels. The
affiliate needed a highly scalable and production-proven solution to handle the
massive demand it expected to receive for its services. It was looking for a
solution that would improve upon the router-based architecture already in use in
the service trials.
The affiliate selected our SMS 1000 as the subscriber management platform
to aggregate subscriber traffic in its service. Today, SMS 1000s are being
deployed in the affiliate's digital subscriber line-enabled subscriber
aggregation points to manage live traffic from thousands of subscribers, and the
service deployment has been scaling rapidly.
SALES AND MARKETING
We sell our products through a direct sales force, resellers, and
distribution partners. Our direct sales force is located in North America and is
focused on the largest service provider, cable operator and carrier
opportunities. As of December 31, 1999, our direct sales force consisted of
approximately 90 persons located in various cities throughout North America,
Europe and Asia.
We have a variety of marketing programs and initiatives to support the sale
and distribution of our products. The audience for these activities includes our
sales organization, distribution partners and authorized resellers, existing and
prospective customers, and the trade press, analysts and others who are
influential in the industry. Marketing activities include participation in
technical conferences, preparation of sales tools, business cases, competitive
analyses and other marketing collateral, sales training, publication of customer
deployments, new product information and educational articles in industry
journals, maintenance of our World Wide Web site and direct marketing to
prospective customers. We also participate in leading industry tradeshows, such
as Networld + InterOp in Las Vegas, where we received an award for Best of Show
in May 1998 in the Wide Area Network, or WAN, and remote access devices
category. We were also awarded Telecommunications Magazine's "Hot Start-up"
award for 1999.
PRODUCTS AND TECHNOLOGY
Our SMS enables broadband service providers to deliver high-speed Internet
access and services by bridging the operational gap between high-speed access
equipment in the telco central office or cable/wireless concentration point and
network service provider routers connecting to the Internet backbone. Whether
deployed at subscriber aggregation points by telecommunications carriers, by
cable operators or by service providers, the SMS 500, SMS 1000 and SMS 1800
accept a large concentration of high-speed data traffic from such devices as
digital subscriber line concentrators, cable modem termination systems, and
wireless termination systems. The SMS 500, SMS 1000 and SMS 1800 apply scalable
user configuration and management to the data streams, and then perform all of
the translations necessary to convert the traffic to Internet Protocol,
relieving the service provider backbone routers of frame translations that can
cause congestion on high-volume networks.
DESCRIPTION OF THE SMS PRODUCT FAMILY
We currently offer three products: (1) the SMS 500; (2) the SMS 1000; and
(3) the SMS 1800.
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SMS 500. Targeted initially for service provider facilities with fewer
subscribers than those using the SMS 1000, we released the SMS 500 for general
availability in March 1999. The SMS 500 is a smaller chassis with two modular
interface slots and supports up to 2,000 simultaneous subscribers. The SMS 500
supports ATM, Frame Relay and 10/100 megabit Ethernet, as well as T-1
connections.
SMS 1000. We began shipping the flagship SMS 1000 in December 1997. UUNET,
a subsidiary of MCI Worldcom, SBC, Southwestern Bell Information Systems and
Pacific Bell Internet, subsidiaries of SBC and GTE have been, since inception,
our largest customers in terms of revenues. Other representative customers
include Ameritech, Bell Canada, Bell South, Concentric, Earthlink, Flashcom,
Korea Telecom, Verio and @Work, a division of @Home. They are representative in
terms of, among other things, the type of provider, the mixture of broadband
services offered and the mixture of regional versus national deployment. Each
SMS 1000 today can support up to 8,000 simultaneous subscribers and is targeted
at major ISPs, incumbent and competitive local exchange carriers and cable
operators. The chassis consists of six modular interface slots, which can be
populated with modules supporting DS-3 and OC-3 ATM, DS-3 Frame Relay, 10/100
megabit Ethernet and other transmission protocols. The product also has E1 and
E3 modules for Europe and Asia.
SMS 1800. We began shipping the SMS 1800 in October 1999. The SMS 1800 is
the next-generation version of the SMS 1000 and its target market is the same as
that of the SMS 1000. To date, the revenues generated from the SMS 1800 have not
been significant.
SMS OPERATING SYSTEM SOFTWARE
Our operating system software is an advanced operating system developed to
optimize the subscriber management and routing functions in our products. Our
operating system software operates on the SMS 500, SMS 1000 and SMS 1800, and
was developed specifically to support the aggregation of large numbers of
subscriber circuits. It supports a large variety of network protocols in use in
the industry today, and provides sophisticated traffic management features.
In addition, our operating system software supports the routing and
bridging of Internet Protocol packets and is capable of running dynamic routing
protocols. Our operating system software supports the unique capability to
dynamically bind subscriber sessions to services. This capability enables
dynamic service selection to be deployed by carriers and service providers
alike. Our operating system software also supports the Layer 2 Tunneling
Protocol, or L2TP, which is critical to the deployment of virtual private
networks by service providers. We are a co-author of the PPP-over-Ethernet
specification, a protocol that greatly simplifies broadband access and service
provider selection, and the functionality in our operating system software is a
leading implementation of this protocol. Another distinguishing feature of our
operating system software is its support for multiple contexts, which allows a
service provider to partition a single SMS unit into as many as twenty multiple
virtual logical devices.
Some of the key functions that our operating system software supports
include:
Traffic Management Features. Traffic management features, including
policing and rate limiting, support the creation of different service classes
and provide service providers with predictable traffic behavior for better
management of their networks.
Routing Protocol Support. Our operating system software includes support
for various popular routing protocols. In addition, we will continue to leverage
and expand the routing protocol support that our product line offers.
Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP). We support Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol,
or L2TP, the standard method of building a virtual private network that allows
fixed and mobile users, including telecommuters, to simulate a private network
using a shared infrastructure, such as the Internet. Virtual private networks
also allow mobile users to make secure connections to their corporate intranets
or extranets over the public Internet.
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Web-based Management. The Web-based management capabilities in our
operating system software allow service providers to streamline operations and
simplify troubleshooting through a common, easy-to-use browser interface.
Bulk Statistics. The bulk statistics capabilities in our operating system
software allow service providers access to information that enables them to
provide efficient storage and transfer of high volume accounting data.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
We have assembled a team of highly experienced networking engineers with
experience at leading communications companies. Our engineering expertise
includes routers and routing protocols, access products, ATM/Frame Relay
switching, wide area network interfaces and network management. As of December
31, 1999, we employed approximately 100 engineers, with plans to continue
expanding all functional areas of the engineering organization. During 1999 and
1998, we spent $21.1 million and $5.7 million, respectively, on research and
development.
Our research and development process is driven by market demand. Product
development begins with a comprehensive functional product specification based
on input from the product management and sales organizations. In addition, we
value feedback from customers and have incorporated a significant amount of
customer-requested functionality to date. We are also active in industry bodies
and standards committees and utilize information from these organizations in the
product development process.
We are focusing development efforts on, among other things, supporting
carrier services and additional industry standards, expanding the capacity of
existing products and extending network management capabilities. In addition, we
are committed to extending the functionality of our operating system software to
enable additional competitive advantage for our customers.
CUSTOMER SERVICE AND SUPPORT
Our customer service and support organization installs and maintains
products sold worldwide by our direct sales force, as well as products sold by
our authorized resellers and partners. Generally, our distribution partners and
authorized resellers provide installation and first-level, or preliminary,
support to their customers, while we provide backup support. Our technical
assistance center employs systems engineers who work closely with our direct
sales personnel, partners and resellers to assist end users with post-sales
support issues. We have retained field systems engineers to provide pre-sales
support and installation services for direct sales customers.
MANUFACTURING
Our manufacturing operations consist primarily of prototype development,
materials planning and procurement, final assembly, testing and quality control.
We use several independent suppliers to provide printed circuit boards, chassis
and subassemblies. In addition, we use a combination of standard parts and
components obtained through Wyle Electronics, located in Santa Clara,
California. Several key components are purchased from sole or limited sources of
supply. See "Risk Factors -- Some of the key components in Redback's products
come from single or limited sources of supply."
We subcontract substantially all of our manufacturing to Electromax,
located in San Jose, California. We have developed our own products and specify
to Electromax the exact parts necessary to build these products. We or an
outside contractor then order and assemble these parts into subassemblies and
components and provide these subassemblies and components to Electromax.
Electromax then provides the labor to assemble, test and ship our products,
pursuant to the exact specifications provided to them by us. While Electromax is
currently the sole manufacturer of our products, we are not entirely dependent
on Electromax to manufacture our products. We have relationships with two other
third-party manufacturers, one of which currently builds our prototypes and both
of which have the capacity necessary to assemble, test and ship our products.
Because we maintain an inventory of parts sufficient to enable us to continue
manufacturing our products for at least two months, we would be able to supply
another of our third-party manufacturers with parts to commence the
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assembly, testing and shipping of our products within a couple of weeks of the
loss of any of our third-party manufacturers. However, the loss of any of our
third-party manufacturers would prevent us from meeting our scheduled product
deliveries to our customers and would materially and adversely affect our
business, results of operations and financial condition. See "Risk
Factors -- Redback's operating results are likely to fluctuate significantly,"
and "-- Redback is dependent on a single contract manufacturer."
COMPETITION
The broadband access markets we are targeting, including digital subscriber
line, cable and wireless, are new and rapidly evolving and we expect these
markets to become highly competitive in the future. In addition, we expect that
new competitors will emerge as the market for broadband access itself evolves
due to technological innovation and regulatory changes. We encounter current or
potential competition from public and private companies providing routers
connecting to the Internet backbone, access concentrators and subscriber
aggregation systems.
Cisco, the leading provider of routers connecting to the Internet backbone,
offers products that compete directly with our products, and also provides a
comprehensive range of broadband access systems. We expect companies that offer
access concentrators and routers to incorporate some subscriber management
functionality into their products. These companies include Nortel Networks which
recently agreed to acquire Shasta, a private company providing subscriber
management services, and Ascend, which has announced its pending acquisition by
Lucent. In addition, there are private companies that provide subscriber
management features in access concentrators or routing platforms.
Some of our current and potential competitors, including Cisco, Alcatel,
Nortel Networks/Shasta and Lucent/Ascend are large public companies that have
longer operating histories and significantly greater financial, technical,
marketing and other resources than we do. As a result, these competitors are
able to devote greater resources to the development, promotion, sale and support
of their products. In addition, competitors with large market capitalizations or
cash reserves are much better positioned than we are to acquire other companies,
including our competitors, and thereby acquire new technologies or products that
may displace our product lines. Any of these acquisitions could give the
acquiring competitor a strategic advantage that would materially adversely
affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Many of our competitors have significantly more established customer
support and professional services organizations than we do. In addition, many of
our competitors have more extensive customer bases and broader customer
relationships than us, including relationships with many of our current and
potential customers. Moreover, these competitors often have broader product
offerings than we do. These companies can leverage their customer relationships
and broader product offerings and adopt aggressive pricing policies to gain
market share. As a result, we may not be able to maintain a competitive position
against current or future competitors. Our failure to maintain and enhance our
competitive position within the market could seriously harm our business,
results of operations and financial condition.
PATENTS AND PROPRIETARY RIGHTS
Our success and ability to compete are dependent on our ability to develop
and maintain the proprietary aspects of our technology. We rely on a combination
of patent, trademark, copyright and trade secret laws, employee and third-party
nondisclosure agreements and licensing arrangements to protect our intellectual
property. These legal protections afford only limited protection for our
technology. We have one patent application pending in the United States and we
have no foreign patents or patent applications. Our pending patent application
may not result in the issuance of any patents. If any patent is issued, it might
be invalidated or circumvented or otherwise fail to provide us any meaningful
protection. In addition, we cannot be certain that others will not independently
develop substantially equivalent intellectual property or otherwise gain access
to our trade secrets or intellectual property, or disclose our intellectual
property or trade secrets, or that we can meaningfully protect our intellectual
property. Our failure to protect our intellectual property effectively could
have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results
of operations. We have licensed technology from third parties for incorporation
into our units, and we expect to continue to enter
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into such agreements for future products. Our licenses may result in royalty
payments to third parties, the cross-license of technology by us or payment of
other consideration. If our arrangements are not concluded on commercially
reasonable terms, our business, financial condition or results of operations
could be materially adversely affected.
RISK FACTORS
You should carefully consider the risks described below before making an
investment decision. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the
only ones we face. Any of the following risks could harm our business, financial
condition or results of operations. In such case, the trading price of our
common stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment.
This Form 10-K also contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and
uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated
in the forward-looking statements as a result of factors that are described
below and elsewhere in this Form 10-K.
RISKS RELATED TO REDBACK'S BUSINESS
REDBACK'S BUSINESS IS DIFFICULT TO EVALUATE BECAUSE REDBACK HAS A LIMITED
OPERATING HISTORY
Redback was founded in August 1996 and only began shipping products in
material quantities in the second quarter of 1998. You should consider the risks
and difficulties frequently encountered by companies like us in a new and
rapidly evolving market. From February 28, 1998 to December 31, 1999, we have
experienced significant growth -- from 39 employees to 274 employees. Our
ability to sell products and services, and the level of success, if any, we
achieve, depends, among other things, on the level of demand for broadband
access services, which is a new and rapidly evolving market. See "Risk
Factors -- Redback is dependent on the widespread adoption of broadband access
services." Our business strategy may be unsuccessful and we may not successfully
address the risks we face.
REDBACK HAS A HISTORY OF LOSSES AND EXPECTS TO INCUR FUTURE LOSSES
We incurred net losses of $7.9 million for the year ended December 31,
1999, $9.9 million for the year ended December 31, 1998 and $4.4 million for the
year ended December 31, 1997. As of December 31, 1999, we had an accumulated
deficit of approximately $22.3 million. We have not had a history of
profitability and may incur net losses in the future.
To date, we have funded our operations from both private and public sales
of equity securities, from bank borrowings and by means of equipment lease
financing. We expect to continue to incur significant product development, sales
and marketing, and general and administrative expense. As a result, we must
generate significant revenues to achieve profitability. We may not sustain
recent growth rates in our revenues, and we may never achieve sufficient revenue
levels to achieve profitability. If we do achieve profitability in some future
period, we cannot be certain that we would sustain profitability on a quarterly
or annual basis in the future.
REDBACK'S OPERATING RESULTS ARE LIKELY TO FLUCTUATE SIGNIFICANTLY
Factors likely to cause quarterly fluctuations in Redback's revenues and
operating results include:
- fluctuations in demand for broadband access services;
- the timing and size of sales of our products and services;
- announcements of new products and product enhancements by competitors;
- the entry of new competitors into our market, including by acquisition;
- unexpected delays in introducing new or enhanced products, including
manufacturing delays;
- our ability to control expenses;
- our ability to ship products on a timely basis and at a reasonable cost;
and
- the mix of our products sold and the mix of distribution channels through
which our products are sold.
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A high percentage of our expenses, including those related to engineering,
sales and marketing, research and development, and general administrative
functions, are essentially fixed in the short term. As a result, if we
experience delays in generating or recognizing revenue, our quarterly operating
results are likely to be materially adversely affected. In addition, we plan to
increase our operating expenses to expand our engineering and sales and
marketing operations, broaden our customer support capabilities, develop new
distribution channels, fund increased levels of research and development and
build our operational infrastructure. If growth in our revenues does not outpace
the increase in these expenses, our business, results of operations and
financial condition could be materially adversely affected.
We rely on a single third-party manufacturer to build our products. Any
interruption in the operations of this manufacturer would adversely affect our
ability to meet our scheduled product deliveries to our customers. This would
cause significant variations in our quarterly operating results and our
business, results of operations and financial condition would be materially
adversely affected.
Due to these and other factors, we believe that quarter-to-quarter
comparisons of our operating results may not be meaningful. You should not rely
on our results for one quarter as any indication of our future performance. It
is likely that in some future quarter our operating results may be below the
expectations of public market analysts or investors. If this occurs, the price
of our common stock would likely decrease.
REDBACK'S LENGTHY AND VARIABLE SALES CYCLE MAKES IT DIFFICULT FOR REDBACK TO
PREDICT IF OR WHEN A SALE WILL BE MADE
The timing of our sales revenue is difficult to predict because of the
length and variability of the sales cycle for our products. Customers often view
the purchase of our products as a significant and strategic decision. As a
result, customers typically undertake significant procedures relating to the
evaluation, testing, implementation and acceptance of our products. This
evaluation process frequently results in a lengthy sales cycle, typically
ranging from three months to over one year. While our customers are evaluating
our products and before they place an order with us, we may incur substantial
sales and marketing expenses and expend significant management efforts. In
addition, product purchases are frequently subject to unplanned administrative,
processing and other delays. This is particularly true for larger customers for
whom our products represent a very small percentage of their overall purchase
activities. These customers are often engaged in multiple simultaneous
purchasing decisions, some of which may pertain to more immediate needs and
absorb the immediate attention of the customer. If sales forecasted from a
specific customer for a particular quarter are not realized in that quarter or
at all, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be
materially adversely affected.
IN ANY QUARTER, A SMALL NUMBER OF CUSTOMERS ARE LIKELY TO ACCOUNT FOR A
SUBSTANTIAL MAJORITY OF REDBACK'S REVENUE
In each of the last eight quarters in the period ended December 31, 1999,
we had at least one customer that accounted for 15% or more of our total revenue
in the quarter. In the fourth quarter of 1999, Bell Atlantic accounted for 17%
of our total revenue and GTE accounted for 12% of our total revenue. We
anticipate that a small number of customers with large orders will continue to
account for a majority of our quarterly revenue. However, we do not have any
contracts or other agreements that guarantee continued sales to these or any
other customers. If our customers alter their purchasing habits or reevaluate
their need for our products, or if we fail to receive a large order in any
future period, our business, results of operations and financial condition would
be materially adversely affected.
REDBACK IS ENTIRELY DEPENDENT ON THE SMS PRODUCT FAMILY
The SMS 1000, SMS 500 and SMS 1800 are the only products that we currently
sell. We intend to introduce new products and enhancements to existing products
in the future. Our inability to timely and successfully introduce new products
and product enhancements, or the failure of these new products or enhancements
to achieve market acceptance, could materially adversely affect our business,
results of operations and financial condition.
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THERE IS A LIMITED NUMBER OF POTENTIAL CUSTOMERS FOR REDBACK'S SMS 1000 AND SMS
1800
To date, substantially all of our revenues have been derived from sales and
service related to the SMS 1000 product. The SMS 1000 and SMS 1800 and any other
new high-end product that we may develop and introduce in the future are
marketed primarily to large customers. There are only a limited number of large
existing and potential customers and this number is not expected to increase
significantly in the future.
REDBACK'S PRODUCTS MUST ANTICIPATE AND MEET SPECIFIC CUSTOMER REQUIREMENTS AND
DEMANDS
Many of our customers require product features and capabilities that our
SMS products may not have. The requirement that we add features to our products
in order to achieve a sale may result in a longer sales cycle, increased
research and development expenses and reduced margins on our products. To
achieve market acceptance for our products, we must effectively and timely
anticipate and adapt to customer requirements and offer products and services
that meet customer demands. Our failure to develop products or offer services
that satisfy customer requirements would materially adversely affect our
business, results of operations and financial condition.
We intend to continue to invest in product and technology development. The
development of new or enhanced products is a complex and uncertain process that
requires the accurate anticipation of technological and market trends. We may
experience design, manufacturing, marketing and other difficulties that could
delay or prevent the development, introduction or marketing of new products and
enhancements. The introduction of new or enhanced products also requires that we
manage the transition from older products in order to minimize disruption in
customer ordering patterns and ensure that adequate supplies of new products can
be delivered to meet anticipated customer demand. Our inability to effectively
manage this transition would materially adversely affect our business, results
of operations and financial condition.
REDBACK NEEDS TO GAIN ACCEPTANCE IN OTHER BROADBAND ACCESS MARKETS
To date, we have derived substantially all of our revenues from sales of
the SMS 1000 for use in the digital subscriber line market for broadband access.
We intend to expend a substantial amount of time and resources to achieve market
acceptance of our products in other markets, including the cable and wireless
markets. We may be unable to simultaneously or effectively address evolving
demands in these markets, and customers in these markets may choose to implement
competing technologies or products. In addition, if our competitors gain market
acceptance in these markets first, it will be difficult, if not impossible, for
us to gain subsequent market acceptance in these markets. If we are unable to
achieve acceptance of our products in these markets, our ability to generate
revenues will be limited, and our business, results of operations and financial
condition would be materially adversely affected.
REDBACK EXPECTS INCREASED COMPETITION
We may be unable to compete successfully with current or future
competitors. If we do not compete successfully against current or future
competitors, our business, results of operations and financial condition will be
materially adversely affected. Currently, competition in our market is intense.
The broadband access markets we are targeting, including digital subscriber
line, cable and wireless, are new and rapidly evolving and we expect these
markets to become highly competitive in the future. In addition, we expect new
competitors to emerge in the broadband access market as that market evolves due
to technological innovation and regulatory changes. We face actual and potential
competition from public and private companies providing routers connecting to
the Internet backbone, access concentrators and subscriber aggregation systems.
For instance, Cisco, the leading provider of routers connecting to the Internet
backbone, offers products that compete directly with our products, and also
provides a comprehensive range of broadband access systems.
We expect companies that offer access concentrators and routers to
incorporate some subscriber management functionality into their products. These
companies include Nortel Networks, which acquired Shasta Networks, a private
company providing subscriber management services, and Ascend, which was acquired
by Lucent. In addition, there are several other private companies that provide
subscriber management features in access concentrators or routing platforms.
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Many of our principal competitors, including Cisco, Alcatel, Nortel
Networks/Shasta Networks and Lucent/Ascend, and some companies that may compete
with us in the future, are large public companies that have longer operating
histories and significantly greater financial, technical, marketing and other
resources than we have. As a result, these competitors are able to devote
greater resources to the development, promotion, sale and support of their
products. In addition, our competitors that have large market capitalizations or
cash reserves are much better positioned than we are to acquire other companies,
including our competitors, and thereby acquire new technologies or products that
may displace our product lines. Any of these acquisitions could give our
competitors a strategic advantage that would materially adversely affect our
business, results of operations and financial condition.
Many of our competitors have significantly more established customer
support and professional services organizations than we do. In addition, many of
our competitors have much greater name recognition and have a more extensive
customer base, broader customer relationships and broader product offerings than
we have. These companies can leverage their customer bases and broader product
offerings and adopt aggressive pricing policies to gain market share. We have
encountered, and expect to continue to encounter, potential customers that, due
to existing relationships with our competitors, are committed to the product
offerings of these competitors. As a result, these potential customers may not
consider purchasing our products. We expect to face competition in the following
areas:
- product pricing;
- breadth of product lines;
- sales and distribution capabilities;
- product features and enhancements, including product performance,
reliability, size, compatibility and scalability;
- product ease of deployment;
- conformance to industry standards; and
- technical support and service.
We expect that competitive pressures may result in price reductions,
reduced margins and loss of market share, which would materially adversely
affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
REDBACK IS DEPENDENT ON A SINGLE CONTRACT MANUFACTURER
We rely on a single third-party manufacturer, Electromax, to build our
products. We may not be able to effectively manage our relationship with
Electromax and Electromax may not meet our future requirements for timely
delivery. We have no written agreement with Electromax. We have relationships
with two other third-party manufacturers, one of which currently builds our
prototypes. Although both of these other third-party manufacturers are capable
of building our products, any interruption in the operations of Electromax would
adversely affect our ability to meet our scheduled product deliveries to our
customers, which could cause the loss of existing or potential customers and
could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations and
financial condition.
In addition, the products that Electromax or any other manufacturer builds
for us may be insufficient in quality or in quantity to meet our needs.
Electromax or any other manufacturer may not meet the technological or delivery
requirements of our current products or any future products that we may develop
and introduce. The inability of Electromax or any other of our contract
manufacturers in the future to provide us with adequate supplies of high-quality
products, or the loss of Electromax or any other of our contract manufacturers
in the future, would cause a delay in our ability to fulfill customer orders
while another of our third-party manufacturers begins production and would have
a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial
condition.
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SOME OF THE KEY COMPONENTS IN REDBACK'S PRODUCTS COME FROM SINGLE OR LIMITED
SOURCES OF SUPPLY
We currently purchase several key components used in the manufacture of our
SMS 500, SMS 1000 and SMS 1800 products from single or limited sources of
supply. These manufacturers include Altera, Brooktree, Connector Technologies,
Foresight, Intel, Level One, Powerspec, Siemens and Ziatech. We have no
guaranteed supply arrangement with these suppliers, and we or our manufacturers
may fail to obtain these supplies in a timely manner in the future. Financial or
other difficulties faced by these suppliers or significant changes in demand for
these components could limit the availability to us of these components. Any
interruption or delay in the supply of any of these components, or the inability
to obtain these components from alternate sources at acceptable prices and
within a reasonable amount of time, would adversely affect our ability to meet
scheduled product deliveries to our customers and would materially adversely
affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. In addition,
qualifying additional suppliers is time-consuming and expensive.
REDBACK MAY BE UNABLE TO MATCH PRODUCTION WITH PRODUCT DEMAND
We currently use a rolling six-month forecast based on anticipated product
orders, product order history and backlog to determine our materials
requirements. Lead times for the materials and components that we order vary
significantly and depend on numerous factors, including the specific supplier,
contract terms and demand for a component at a given time. If actual orders do
not match our forecasts, we may have excess or inadequate inventory of materials
and components, which could materially adversely affect our business, results of
operations and financial condition.
REDBACK MAY BE UNABLE TO PROPERLY MANAGE GROWTH
We have expanded our operations rapidly since our inception. The number of
our employees increased from 39 on February 28, 1998 to 274 on December 31,
1999. We intend to continue to expand in order to pursue existing and potential
market opportunities and are in the process of hiring additional engineering and
sales personnel. Our ability to continue to attract and retain highly skilled
personnel is a critical factor in determining whether we will be successful in
the future. Competition for highly skilled personnel is intense, especially in
the San Francisco Bay Area. We may fail to attract, assimilate or retain
qualified personnel to fulfill our current or future needs. If we so fail, our
business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially
adversely affected. Our planned rapid growth places a significant demand on
management and financial and operational resources. In order to grow and achieve
future success, we must:
- retain existing personnel;
- hire, train, manage and retain additional qualified personnel; and
- effectively manage multiple relationships with our customers, suppliers
and other third parties.
REDBACK'S PLANNED EXPANSION TO INTERNATIONAL MARKETS WILL INVOLVE NEW RISKS
In 1999, we derived approximately 7% of our revenues from sales to
customers outside of the United States. In 1998, we derived approximately 15% of
our revenues from sales to customers outside of the United States. Our ability
to achieve future success will depend in part on the expansion of our
international sales and operations. International operations are generally
subject to a number of risks, including:
- expenses associated with customizing products for foreign countries;
- protectionist laws and business practices that favor local competition;
- dependence on local vendors;
- multiple, conflicting and changing governmental laws and regulations;
- longer sales cycles;
- longer accounts receivable cycles;
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- increased difficulties in collecting accounts receivable;
- difficulties in managing operations across disparate geographic areas;
- difficulties associated with enforcing agreements through foreign legal
systems;
- reduced or limited protection of our intellectual property rights in some
countries;
- foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations; and
- political and economic instability.
In addition, if we grow internationally, we will need to expand our
worldwide operations and enhance our communications infrastructure. If we fail
to implement and improve these systems, our ability to accurately forecast sales
demand, manage our supply chain and record and report financial and management
information would be adversely affected. This could materially adversely affect
our business, results of operations and financial condition.
UNDETECTED SOFTWARE OR HARDWARE ERRORS COULD HAVE A MATERIAL ADVERSE
EFFECT ON REDBACK
Networking products frequently contain undetected software or hardware
errors when first introduced or as new versions are released. We have
experienced minor errors in the past in connection with new products. We expect
that errors will be found from time to time in new or enhanced products after we
begin commercial shipments. These problems may cause us to incur significant
warranty and repair costs, divert the attention of our engineering personnel
from our product development efforts and cause significant customer relations
problems. The occurrence of these problems could result in the delay or loss of
market acceptance of our products and would likely have a material adverse
effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Our customers use our products to provide broadband access to their
customers. Defects, integration issues or other performance problems in our
products could result in financial or other damages to our customers or could
damage market acceptance for our products. Our customers could seek damages for
losses from us, which, if they were successful, could have a material adverse
effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. A product
liability claim brought against us, even if unsuccessful, would likely be
time-consuming and costly.
REDBACK MAY BE UNABLE TO PROTECT ITS PROPRIETARY TECHNOLOGY
We rely on a combination of patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret
laws and restrictions on disclosure to protect our intellectual property rights.
We have filed one U.S. patent application. There can be no assurance that this
application will be approved, that any issued patents will protect our
intellectual property or that any issued patents will not be challenged by third
parties. Furthermore, other parties may independently develop similar or
competing technology or design around any patents that may be issued to us.
Although we attempt to protect our intellectual property rights, we may be
unable to prevent the misappropriation of our intellectual property,
particularly in foreign countries where the laws may not protect our proprietary
rights as fully as in the United States.
Others may allege that our products infringe upon their proprietary rights.
Any parties asserting that our products infringe upon their proprietary rights
would force us to defend ourselves or our customers, manufacturers or suppliers
against alleged infringement of intellectual property rights. We could incur
substantial costs to prosecute or defend this litigation. In addition,
intellectual property litigation could force us to do one or more of the
following:
- cease selling, incorporating or using products or services that
incorporate the challenged intellectual property;
- obtain from the holder of the infringed intellectual property right a
license to sell or use the relevant technology, which license may not be
available on acceptable terms, if at all; or
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- redesign those products or services that incorporate the disputed
technology.
In the event of a successful claim of infringement against us and our
failure or inability to develop non-infringing technology or license the
infringed technology on acceptable terms and on a timely basis, our business,
results of operations and financial condition would be materially adversely
affected. We may be subject to these claims in the future.
We may in the future initiate claims or litigation against third parties
for infringement of our proprietary rights in order to determine the scope and
validity of our proprietary rights or the proprietary rights of competitors.
These claims could result in costly litigation and the diversion of our
technical and management personnel. As a result, our business, results of
operations and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.
REDBACK MAY NEED ADDITIONAL CAPITAL, WHICH MAY NOT BE AVAILABLE
At December 31, 1999, we had approximately $57 million in cash, cash
equivalents and short-term investments. However, in connection with our proposed
merger, we have provided Siara with a $25 million bridge loan that will utilize
some of our working capital. As of the date of this report, Siara has drawn down
$13 million of this loan. See additional discussion regarding our proposed
merger with Siara in Item 7 -- Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations.
The development and marketing of new products and the expansion of reseller
channels and associated support personnel will require a significant commitment
of resources. Furthermore, if the market for broadband access develops at a
slower pace than anticipated or if we fail to establish significant market share
and achieve a meaningful level of revenue, we may continue to incur significant
operating losses and utilize significant amounts of capital. In addition, if the
merger is not completed, Redback may be required to pay a substantial
termination fee to Siara.
As a result, Redback could be required to raise substantial additional
capital. Additional capital may not be available to Redback at all, or, if
available, may be available only on unfavorable terms. Any inability to raise
additional capital when Redback requires it would materially adversely affect
Redback's business, results of operations and financial condition.
REDBACK IS DEPENDENT ON THE WIDESPREAD ADOPTION OF BROADBAND ACCESS SERVICES
Sales of our products depend on the increased use and widespread adoption
of broadband access services, and the ability of our customers to market and
sell broadband access services. Our business, results of operations and
financial condition would be materially adversely affected if the use of
broadband access services does not increase as anticipated or if our customers'
broadband access services are not received well by the marketplace. Critical
issues concerning use of broadband access services are unresolved and will
likely affect use of broadband access services. These issues include:
- security;
- reliability;
- bandwidth;
- congestion;
- cost;
- ease of access; and
- quality of service.
Even if these issues are resolved, if the market for products that provide
broadband access to the Internet and to corporate networks fails to develop, or
develops at a slower pace than anticipated, our business, results of operations
and financial condition would be materially adversely affected.
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THE BROADBAND ACCESS SERVICES MARKET IS SUBJECT TO RAPID CHANGE
The broadband access services market is new and is characterized by rapid
technological change, frequent enhancements to existing products and new product
introductions, changes in customer requirements and evolving industry standards.
We may be unable to respond quickly or effectively to these developments. The
introduction of new products by competitors, market acceptance of products based
on new or alternative technologies, or the emergence of new industry standards,
could render our existing or future products obsolete, which would materially
adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
The emergence of new industry standards might require us to redesign our
products. If our products fail to comply with widely adopted industry standards,
our customers and potential customers may not purchase our products. This would
have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and
financial condition.
REDBACK'S BUSINESS MAY BE ADVERSELY AFFECTED BY GOVERNMENT REGULATION OF THE
COMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY
The jurisdiction of the Federal Communications Commission, or FCC, extends
to the communications industry, to our customers and to the products and
services that our customers sell. Future FCC regulations, or regulations set
forth by other regulatory bodies, may adversely affect the broadband access
services industry. Regulation of our customers may have a material adverse
affect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. For
example, FCC regulatory policies that affect the availability of data and
Internet services may impede our customers' penetration into broadband access
markets. In addition, international regulatory bodies are beginning to adopt
standards for the communications industry. The delays that these governmental
processes entail may cause order cancellations or postponements of product
purchases by our customers, which would materially adversely affect our
business, results of operations and financial condition.
REDBACK'S STOCK PRICE MAY BE VOLATILE
The market for technology stocks has been extremely volatile. The following
factors could cause volatility in the market price of our common stock:
- our loss of a major customer;
- our addition or the departure of key Redback Networks personnel;
- variations in our quarterly operating results;
- announcements by us or our competitors of significant contracts, new
products or product enhancements, acquisitions, distribution
partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments;
- changes in financial estimates by securities analysts;
- our sales of common stock or other securities in the future;
- changes in market valuations of broadband access technology companies;
- changes in market valuations of networking and telecommunications
companies; and
- fluctuations in stock market prices and volumes.
REDBACK'S BUSINESS MAY BE ADVERSELY AFFECTED BY CLASS ACTION LITIGATION DUE TO
STOCK PRICE VOLATILITY
Securities class action litigation has often been brought against a company
following periods of volatility in the market price of its securities. If our
stock price is volatile, we may be the target of similar litigation. Our
management's attention and resources may be diverted by any securities
litigation, and we may incur substantial related costs, possibly resulting in a
material adverse effect to our business, results of operations and financial
condition.
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RISKS RELATED TO THE PROPOSED MERGER WITH SIARA
IF REDBACK AND SIARA DO NOT INTEGRATE THEIR TECHNOLOGIES AND OPERATIONS QUICKLY
AND EFFECTIVELY, SOME OR ALL OF THE POTENTIAL BENEFITS OF THE MERGER MAY NOT
OCCUR
In order to achieve the benefits of the merger, Redback must successfully
combine its business with Siara's business. If Redback and Siara do not
integrate their operations and technologies smoothly, serious harm to the
combined company's business, financial condition and prospects may result.
Integrating the two businesses will entail significant diversion of management's
time and attention. We may not be able to integrate our technologies and
operations quickly and smoothly. In order to obtain the benefits of the merger,
the companies must make Siara's technology, products and services operate
together with Redback's technologies, products and services. This integration
may require the partial or wholesale conversion or redesign of some or all of
the technologies, products and services of either Redback or Siara. In addition,
Redback may be required to spend additional time or money on integration that
would otherwise be spent on developing its business and services or other
matters.
IF SIARA EMPLOYEES LEAVE AS A RESULT OF THE MERGER OR IF THE COMBINED COMPANY
CANNOT ATTRACT AND RETAIN QUALIFIED PERSONNEL, THE COMBINED COMPANY'S BUSINESS
WOULD BE HARMED
The success of the combined company after the merger depends in part on the
continued service of key groups of Siara personnel. Despite Redback's efforts to
hire and retain quality employees, Redback might lose some of Siara's key
employees following the merger. Although similar, Redback and Siara have
different corporate cultures and Siara employees may be unwilling to work for a
larger company. Competitors may also recruit Siara employees prior to the merger
and during integration, as is common in high technology mergers. In addition,
many Siara employees will acquire significant amounts of Redback common stock or
vested stock options in the merger, which could provide them with substantial
amounts of cash. As a result, employees of Siara or the combined company could
leave with little or no prior notice.
Similarly, the future performance of the combined company depends on its
continuing ability to attract and retain highly qualified technical and
managerial personnel following the merger. Competition for qualified management,
engineering, technical, sales and marketing employees is intense. Therefore,
Redback and Siara cannot assure you that the combined company will be able to
attract, retain and integrate employees to develop and use the Siara technology
following the merger.
REDBACK AND SIARA WILL INCUR SUBSTANTIAL COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MERGER
The merger will result in total external transaction costs of approximately
$20 million to Redback and $2 million to Siara. The aggregate costs of this
transaction consist of fees to investment bankers of approximately $17 million,
fees for attorneys, accountants and printing of approximately $4 million, and
filing fees of approximately $1 million. These are estimates and the actual
transaction costs may be much larger. In addition to these transaction costs,
Redback and Siara expect that, following the merger, the combined company will
incur additional significant costs associated with integrating the two
companies. At this time, the additional costs are not reasonably estimable. In
addition, if the merger is not consummated, Redback and Siara will have incurred
significant costs for which they will have received no benefits.
THE MERGER COULD HARM KEY THIRD PARTY RELATIONSHIPS
The present and potential relationships of Redback and Siara with customers
and other third parties with whom we have relationships may be harmed by the
proposed merger. Uncertainties following the merger may cause these parties to
delay purchasing and other decisions regarding these relationships. Any changes
in these relationships could harm Redback's business.
THE ACCOUNTING TREATMENT OF THE MERGER WILL RESULT IN SIGNIFICANT CHARGES TO
REDBACK'S OPERATIONS.
We intend to account for the merger as a purchase for financial reporting
and accounting purposes, under generally accepted accounting principles. After
the completion of the merger, the results of operations of Siara
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will be included in the consolidated financial statements of Redback. The
purchase price will be allocated to Siara's assets and liabilities based on the
fair values of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed. Any excess of
cost over the fair value of the net tangible assets of Siara acquired will be
recorded as goodwill and other intangible assets and will be amortized by
charges to operations under generally accepted accounting principles. We
anticipate this amount of goodwill and other intangible assets to be significant
and it will therefore have a significant negative impact on our operating
results which could cause Redback's stock price to decline.
REDBACK MAY NEED ADDITIONAL CAPITAL, WHICH MAY NOT BE AVAILABLE
The development and marketing of new products, particularly Siara's
products, which are not yet complete, will require a significant commitment of
resources. Likewise, the expansion of Redback's operations and reseller channels
as a result of the merger will require significant resources.
As a result, Redback could be required to raise substantial additional
capital. Additional capital may not be available to Redback at all, or, if
available, may be available only on unfavorable terms. Any inability to raise
additional capital when Redback requires may significantly harm its business,
results of operations and financial condition.
SIARA STOCKHOLDERS MAY EXERCISE DISSENTERS RIGHTS
Under state laws regarding dissenting stockholders' appraisal rights,
holders of Siara common stock and preferred stock who do not vote in favor of
the merger may be entitled to exercise dissenting stockholders' appraisal
rights. It is a condition to complete the merger that holders of less than 5% of
the outstanding shares of Siara capital stock shall have exercised or have the
right to exercise their statutory dissenters rights. However, if the merger
occurs, then Siara stockholders who do not vote their Siara shares in favor of
the merger may become entitled to be paid cash for their Siara shares instead of
receiving Redback common stock in the merger. The amount of cash that could be
paid to such dissenting Siara stockholders could be significant, and payment of
these amounts could have a material adverse effect on the combined company's
financial position. The payment to dissenting stockholders may require Redback
to raise additional capital, which may not be available.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
As of December 31, 1999, Redback's principal administrative, sales,
marketing and research and development facilities occupied approximately 50,000
square feet in total in Sunnyvale, California pursuant to leases that expire in
March 2000 and November 2000. In October 1999, we signed a lease agreement for a
total of 196,000 square feet in San Jose, California to replace the existing
locations as their lease terms expire. We will move our research and development
operations into the first 97,000 square foot building in March of 2000. During
the first quarter of 2001, the administrative, sales and marketing operations
will move into the second building occupying 99,000 square feet. Additionally,
we have an option on a third building that is 76,000 square feet. We will
continue to monitor our space requirements and will exercise our option should
the space become necessary. We have sales offices throughout the United States,
including regional sales offices in California, Colorado, Virginia and
Washington as well as international offices in Rotterdam, Holland and Singapore.
We believe that our existing facilities and facilities for which we have
committed, are adequate.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Redback is not aware of any pending legal proceedings against it that,
individually or in the aggregate, would have a material adverse effect on its
business, results of operations or financial condition. We may in the future be
party to litigation arising in the course of our business, including claims that
we allegedly infringe third-party trademarks and other intellectual property
rights. These claims, even if not meritorious, could result in the expenditure
of significant financial and managerial resources.
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ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
No matters were submitted during the fourth quarter of the year ended
December 31, 1999.
PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
Redback common stock is traded on the Nasdaq National Market under the
symbol "RBAK." Redback began trading on Nasdaq on May 18, 1999, the date of its
initial public offering. The following table sets forth the range of high and
low closing sales prices, as restated to give effect to the 2-for-1 stock split
effected in August 1999, reported on the Nasdaq National Market for Redback
common stock for the periods indicated.
HIGH LOW
------- -------
Fiscal 1999
Second Quarter (from May 18, 1999)........................ $ 62.78 $ 33.78
Third Quarter............................................. 135.88 58.00
Fourth Quarter............................................ 181.63 108.00
Fiscal 2000
First Quarter (through February 10, 2000, the latest
practicable trading date).............................. 223.00 162.00
As of January 28, 2000, there were in excess of 22,000 beneficial owners
and approximately 500 holders of record of Redback common stock.
DIVIDEND INFORMATION
Redback has never paid any cash dividends on its stock, and anticipates
that for the foreseeable future Redback will continue to retain any earnings for
use in the operation of Redback's business.
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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The following selected financial data should be read in conjunction with
Redback's financial statements and related notes and "Management's Discussion
and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" included
elsewhere in this Form 10-K. All share and per share information for all periods
have been retroactively restated to reflect the 2-for-1 stock split effected in
August 1999.
PERIOD
FROM
AUGUST 30,
1996
(INCEPTION)
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, THROUGH
----------------------------------------- DECEMBER 31,
1999 1998 1997 1996
----------- ----------- ----------- ------------
(IN)THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA
STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS DATA:
Net revenues..................................... $ 64,274 $ 9,206 $ 48 $ --
Cost of revenues................................. 18,665 3,603 29 --
----------- ----------- ----------- ----------
Gross profit..................................... 45,609 5,603 19 --
----------- ----------- ----------- ----------
Operating expenses:
Research and development....................... 21,125 5,727 3,249 124
Selling, general and administrative............ 30,208 8,875 1,317 19
Amortization of deferred stock compensation.... 4,033 880 -- --
----------- ----------- ----------- ----------
Total operating expenses................ 55,366 15,482 4,566 143
----------- ----------- ----------- ----------
Loss from operations............................. (9,757) (9,879) (4,547) (143)
Other income (expense), net...................... 1,838 3 136 1
----------- ----------- ----------- ----------
Net loss......................................... $ (7,919) $ (9,876) $ (4,411) $ (142)
=========== =========== =========== ==========
Basic and diluted net loss per share............. $ (0.30) $ (1.78) $ (2.05) $ (.11)
=========== =========== =========== ==========
Shares used in computing net loss per share...... 26,694,000 5,538,000 2,152,000 1,316,000
=========== =========== =========== ==========
Pro forma net loss per share(1):
Basic and diluted net loss per share........... $ (.23)
===========
Shares used in computing net loss per share.... 34,564,000
===========
DECEMBER 31,
--------------------------------------------
1999 1998 1997 1996
-------- --------- ------- ------
(IN THOUSANDS)
BALANCE SHEET DATA:
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments......... $ 56,960 $ 8,189 $ 6,223 $ 119
Working capital........................................... 49,798 4,461 5,630 12
Total assets.............................................. 94,830 14,682 7,849 216
Long-term obligations, less current portion............... 1,012 1,275 827 --
Accumulated deficit....................................... (22,348) (14,429) (4,553) (142)
Total stockholders' equity................................ 65,893 6,254 6,081 83
- -------------------------
(1) Pro forma basic and diluted net loss per share has been computed using the
weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the
period, less shares subject to repurchase, and also gives effect to the
conversion of Redback's preferred stock which converted to common stock upon
the closing of Redback's initial public offering as if the conversion
occurred as of the beginning of the period or the date of issuance, if
later.
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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS
OF OPERATIONS
The following commentary should be read in conjunction with the financial
statements and related notes contained elsewhere in this Form 10-K. The
discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and
uncertainties. These statements relate to future events or our future financial
performance. In many cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by
terminology such as "may," "will," "should," "expects," "plans," "anticipates,"
"believes," "estimates," "predicts," "potential," "intend" or "continue," or the
negative of such terms and other comparable terminology. These statements are
only predictions. Our actual results may differ materially from those
anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of a variety of
factors, including, but not limited to, those set forth under "Risk Factors" and
elsewhere in this Form 10-K.
OVERVIEW
Redback provides advanced networking systems that enable carriers, cable
operators and service providers to rapidly deploy high-speed broadband access
technologies such as digital subscriber line, cable and wireless. We sell our
products to a number of different types of carriers, including incumbent local
exchange carriers, competitive local exchange carriers, cable operators and
service providers. Our products are sold through a direct sales force, resellers
and distribution partners.
We recognize revenues, net of allowances, when we ship products to our
customers, provided no significant outstanding vendor obligations remain and
collection is considered probable. We recognize support revenue ratably over the
support period and service revenues as services are performed. Currently, all of
our product sales and service arrangements provide for pricing and payment in
U.S. dollars. Since we have no other products, our business, financial condition
and results of operations are dependent on sales of our SMS 1800, SMS 1000 and
SMS 500 products in the broadband market.
From inception through December 1997, our operating activities consisted
primarily of research and development activities and building our management
team. We shipped our first products in December 1997, but did not begin shipping
our products in material quantities until the second quarter of 1998. To date,
we have derived substantially all of our revenues from sales of our flagship
product, the SMS 1000, in the digital subscriber line market. Our success will
depend on our ability to sell products not only in the digital subscriber line
market, but also in other markets, including the cable and wireless markets. We
released the SMS 500 in early March 1999. The SMS 500 is targeted at service
provider facilities supporting a smaller number of subscribers than facilities
using the SMS 1000. In October 1999 we released the SMS 1800 as the next-
generation version of the SMS 1000. We cannot be certain that the SMS 1800, the
SMS 1000, the SMS 500 or any future products will achieve widespread market
acceptance.
To date, a significant portion of our revenues has resulted from a small
number of relatively large orders. Substantially all of our sales are made on
the basis of purchase orders rather than long-term agreements. As a result, we
may commit resources to the production of products without having received
advance purchase commitments from customers. If we are unable to sell products
to which we have devoted significant resources or if orders for our products are
cancelled or delayed, our inventory levels could become excessive. Any
subsequent write-off of inventory could have a material adverse effect on our
business, results of operations and financial condition.
We anticipate that our operating results for any given period will continue
to be dependent to a significant extent on large purchase orders, which can be
delayed or cancelled by our customers without penalty. In addition, we
anticipate that our operating results for a given period will continue to be
dependent on a small number of customers. Direct and indirect sales to Bell
Atlantic and GTE accounted for 17% and 12% of our total revenues for the quarter
ended December 31, 1999 and sales to Bell Atlantic and Southwestern Bell
Information Systems, a division of SBC, accounted for 24% and 11%, respectively,
of our total revenue for the twelve months ended December 31, 1999. If we fail
to receive a significant purchase order that we expected for a given quarter,
our revenues for that quarter, or following quarters, will be adversely
affected. This could adversely affect our business, results of operations and
financial condition. Furthermore, if any of our customers experience financial
difficulties, our sales to these customers may be reduced and we may have
difficulty in collecting accounts receivable from these customers. Any delay in
large customer orders or
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customer financial difficulties could have a material adverse effect on our
business, results of operations and financial condition.
We currently use Electromax to assemble our products. We also rely on
single or limited source suppliers to manufacture key components of our
products. A significant portion of our cost of revenues is related to these
outsourcing arrangements. These relationships are subject to a variety of risks.
Currently, competition in our market is intense. We continue to add
features to our products based on the needs of our customers. This has resulted
in increased research and development expenses and may result in reduced
operating margins on our products and a longer sales cycle. We expect
competition to increase in the future. This competition may also result in price
reductions and loss of market share. We expect that product life cycles will
remain relatively short and that the average selling price and gross margins for
our products will decline as each product matures. Accordingly, we must
introduce new products on a timely basis with improved performance
characteristics. Further, we must reduce production costs and sell sufficient
volumes in order to maintain gross margins. If we fail to reduce our production
costs or achieve volume shipment requirements, our product margins will decline
rapidly. Any of the above events could have a material adverse effect on our
business, results of operations and financial condition.
In 1998 and 1999, we recorded approximately $5.6 million and $2.6 million,
respectively, in deferred stock compensation for grants of stock and stock
options during 1998 and 1999 at prices subsequently deemed to be below fair
market value on the date of grant. Options granted are typically subject to a
four year vesting period. Stock grants are generally subject to our right to
repurchase the stock, which lapses over a four year period. We are amortizing
the deferred stock compensation over the vesting periods of the applicable
options and the repurchase periods for the restricted stock. We amortized
approximately $880,000 and $4.0 million of deferred stock compensation in 1998
and 1999, respectively, leaving approximately $3.3 million to be amortized over
the remaining vesting periods. This deferred stock compensation will be recorded
in the following periods:
- $1.9 million in the year ending December 31, 2000;
- $1.0 million in the year ending December 31, 2001; and
- $.4 million in the year ending December 31, 2002.
The amount of deferred stock compensation expense to be recorded in future
periods could decrease if options for which accrued but unvested compensation
has been recorded are forfeited.
On November 28, 1999, Redback entered into an agreement to merge with Siara
in a transaction to be accounted for as a purchase. Siara stockholders,
optionholders and warrantholders will receive an aggregate total of 31,341,986
shares of Redback common stock and shares subject to options or warrants, as
applicable, in the merger. The aggregate purchase price of the Siara acquisition
is estimated to be approximately $4.5 billion based on the average closing price
of Redback's stock for the five day period including the date of the
announcement of the signing of the merger agreement. Redback estimates that the
acquisition will result in goodwill of approximately $4.4 billion, which will be
amortized over four years, other intangible assets, which will be amortized over
periods ranging from two to four years, and in-process research and development,
which will be charged to operations at the closing of the merger. These
estimates are preliminary and may change based upon the fair values of the
acquired assets and assumed liabilities as of the closing date and the
finalization of a valuation report.
Redback also entered into a loan agreement to provide financing of up to
$25 million to Siara. The loan balance totaled $4 million at December 31, 1999
($13 million at February 10, 2000), accrues interest at the prime rate (8.5% at
December 31, 1999), matures six months after a termination of the merger
agreement, and is convertible into shares of Siara common stock at Siara's
option.
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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1999 AND 1998
Net Revenues. Our net revenues increased to $64.3 million in 1999 from $9.2
million in 1998. The increase in net revenues in 1999 was primarily a result of
increased unit sales of the SMS 1000 and, to a lesser extent, sales of the new
SMS 500. The increase in SMS 1000 sales was attributable to increased
marketplace acceptance of the product and resulting deployment of our products
by our carriers and service provider customers as well as higher average selling
prices due to changes in product configurations.
Cost of Revenues; Gross Margin. Our cost of revenues increased to $18.7
million in 1999 from $3.6 million in 1998 as a result of increased sales of the
SMS 1000 and SMS 500 products. Gross margin, expressed as a percentage of net
revenue, increased to 71% in 1999 from 61% in 1998 primarily due to reduced
costs of key components, a decrease in related overhead cost as a percentage of
revenues resulting from an increase in shipments, and changes in product
configuration. Changes in product configuration will cause our gross margins to
vary in future periods.
Research and Development. Our research and development expenditures
increased to $21.1 million in 1999 from $5.7 million in 1998. This increase was
primarily attributable to increased personnel costs associated with research and
development efforts for the new SMS 500 and SMS 1800 and new features and
functionality for existing products, as well as the development of future
products. To date, we have expensed research and development expenses as
incurred. Because the market for our products is characterized by rapidly
changing technology, industry standards and customer demands, we expect our
research and development expenses to continue to increase in absolute dollars in
future periods.
Selling, General and Administrative. Our selling, general and
administrative expenditures increased to $30.2 million in 1999 from $8.9 million
in 1998 due to the addition of sales and administrative personnel to support our
expanded operations, commissions on higher sales, costs associated with our
expansion into foreign markets and additional marketing costs to generate
greater product awareness. We anticipate that selling, general and
administrative expenses will continue to increase in absolute dollars as a
result of increases in sales force personnel, commissions on higher revenues,
additional marketing activities and costs associated with public company
reporting requirements.
Amortization of Deferred Stock Compensation. Our amortization of deferred
stock compensation expense increased to $4.0 million in 1999 from $880,000 in
1998. This increase was a result of a greater number of shares of stock and
stock options granted during the last two quarters of 1998 and the first quarter
of 1999, which was associated with our increased hiring efforts and the
amortization of deferred compensation on prior grants. Deferred stock
compensation expense is amortized over the vesting period of the options which
is generally four years.
Interest and Other Income, Net. Our interest and other income increased to
$2.2 million in 1999 from $254,000 in 1998 due primarily to the interest earned
on the proceeds received from our initial public offering, which was completed
in May of 1999. Our interest expense increased to $297,000 in 1999 from $251,000
in 1998, primarily due to higher interest expense charges resulting from higher
average capital lease obligations in 1999.
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1998 AND 1997
Net Revenues. Our net revenues increased to $9.2 million in 1998 from
$48,000 in 1997 as we began shipping the SMS 1000 in material quantities.
Cost of Revenues; Gross Margin. Our cost of revenues increased to $3.6
million in 1998 from $29,000 in 1997 as we began shipping the SMS 1000 in
material quantities. Gross margin increased to 61% in 1998 from 40% in 1997
primarily due to decrease in related overhead costs as a percentage of revenues
resulting from an increase in shipments.
Research and Development. Our research and development expenses increased
to $5.7 million in 1998 from $3.2 million in 1997. This increase was mainly due
to an increase in the number of research and
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development personnel and related costs associated with the development of the
SMS 500 and new features and functionality of the SMS 1000.
Sales, General and Administrative. Our selling, general and administrative
expenses increased to $8.9 million in 1998 from $1.3 million in 1997 due to the
addition of sales and administrative personnel, commissions on higher sales and
additional marketing costs and facility expenses.
Amortization of Deferred Stock Compensation. In 1998, we recorded
amortization of deferred stock compensation of $880,000 in connection with stock
and stock options granted during 1998 at prices subsequently deemed to be below
fair market value on the date of grant.
Interest and Other Income, Net. Our interest and other income net decreased
from $136,000 in 1997 to $3,000 in 1998, due primarily to additional interest
arising from higher average capital lease objections in 1998.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Since our inception, we have financed our operations through private and
public sales of securities and, to a lesser extent, bank borrowings, equipment
lease financing and our operating activities. During 1999, we generated $910,000
from operating activities, as compared to 1998 where we used $6.6 million. Cash
provided by operating activities resulted from increases in our liabilities,
primarily deferred revenue, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, partially
offset by an increase in our net loss, and increases in inventory and accounts
receivable balances. We anticipate that accounts receivable and inventory will
continue to increase if our revenues continue to rise.
Our principal source of liquidity as of December 31, 1999 consisted of
$13.9 million in cash and cash equivalents as well as $43.1 million in
short-term investments. As of December 31, 1999, we had $123,000 in outstanding
bank indebtedness, all of which was due under a term loan with one of our
banking institutions.
Purchases of property and equipment, including equipment purchased under
capital leases, increased to $9.6 million in 1999 from $2.7 million in 1998 and
consisted primarily of purchases of test equipment and computer equipment,
including workstations and servers to support our increased research and
development activities and to support our expanded operations. We expect our
capital expenditures to increase as we further expand our research and
development efforts, our employee base grows and we continue to expand into
international markets. The timing and amount of future capital expenditures will
depend primarily on our future growth. As of December 31, 1999, we had $1.8
million in outstanding capital lease obligations. Additionally, we provided a
$25 million bridge loan to Siara of which $13 million was borrowed as of
February 10, 2000. The borrowings bear interest at the prime rate and are
convertible into shares of Siara capital stock at Siara's option.
For the year ended December 31, 1999, cash provided by financing activities
of $60.7 million was primarily due to our initial public offering in May of 1999
of 5,750,000 shares of common stock for net proceeds of approximately $60.0
million and other issuances of common stock. These proceeds were partially
offset by the repayment of bank borrowings.
We believe that our existing cash balances and anticipated cash flows from
operations will be sufficient to meet our operating and capital requirements,
for at least the next 12 months. However, we could be required, or could elect,
to raise additional funds during that period and we may need to raise additional
capital in the future. Additional capital may not be available at all, or may
only be available on terms unfavorable to us. Any additional issuance of equity
or equity-related securities will be dilutive to our stockholders. Further, if
the merger agreement with Siara is terminated because Redback's board of
directors fails to recommend the merger or because it recommends an
extraordinary transaction other than this merger or because Redback enters into
a definitive agreement relating to an extraordinary transaction other than this
merger, then Redback will be obligated to pay Siara a termination fee of $135
million. Redback will also pay Siara a termination fee of $50 million if Redback
stockholders do not approve and adopt the merger agreement, the merger or an
amendment to Redback's certificate of incorporation to increase Redback's
authorized stock to an amount sufficient to allow Redback to carry out the
merger.
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NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
In June 1998, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued SFAS No. 133,
"Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities". This new
standard requires companies to record derivatives on the balance sheet as assets
or liabilities, measured at fair value. Under SFAS No. 133, gains or losses
resulting from changes in the values of derivatives are to be reported in the
statement of operations or as a deferred item, depending on the use of the
derivatives and whether they qualify for hedge accounting. The Company is
required to adopt SFAS No. 133 in the first quarter of 2001. To date, the
Company has not engaged in any hedging activity and does not expect adoption of
this new standard to have a significant impact on the Company.
In December 1999, the SEC issued Staff Accounting Bulletin ("SAB") 101,
"Revenue Recognition," which provides guidance on the recognition, presentation,
and disclosure of revenue in financial statements filed with the SEC. SAB 101
outlines the basic criteria that must be met to recognize revenue and provides
guidance for disclosure related to revenue recognition policies. At this time,
the Company is still assessing the impact of SAB 101 on its financial position
and results of operations.
YEAR 2000 IMPACT
We have not experienced any problems with our computer systems relating to
such systems being unable to recognize appropriate dates related to the year
2000. We are also not aware of any material problems with our customers or
suppliers. Accordingly, we do not anticipate incurring material expenses or
experiencing any material operational disruption as a result of any year 2000
issues.
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURE ABOUT MARKET RISK
As of December 31, 1999, Redback's investment portfolio includes $43
million of short-term U.S. government obligations, commercial paper and other
corporate securities which are subject to no interest rate risk when held to
maturity but may increase or decrease in value if interest rates change prior to
maturity. Redback currently maintains sufficient cash and cash equivalent
balances to typically hold its investments to maturity. An immediate 10% change
in interest rates would be immaterial to Redback's financial condition or
results of operations.
Redback's sales to customers in foreign countries are denominated in U.S.
dollars. Accordingly, the company is not directly exposed to market risks from
currency exchange rate fluctuations. However, significant fluctuations in
foreign exchange rates relative to the U.S. dollar could impact our customers'
ability to pay for our products.
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
The Company's financial statements at December 31, 1999 and 1998, and for
each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 1999, and the Report of
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, Independent Accountants, are included in this Report
on pages F-1 through F-17.
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
Not applicable.
PART III
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the
information contained in the sections captioned "Proposal No. 1 Election of
Directors," "Executive Compensation and Related Information" and "Section 16(a)
Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance" in the proxy statement filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the end of the fiscal
year ended December 31, 1999.
28
31
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the
information contained in the sections captioned "Executive Compensation and
Related Information" and "Stock Performance Graph" in the proxy statement filed
with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the end of the
fiscal year ended December 31, 1999.
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT
PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS OF REDBACK
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the
information contained in the section captioned "Ownership of Securities" in the
proxy statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120
days after the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, 1999.
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the
information contained in the section captioned "Certain Relationships and
Related Transactions" in the proxy statement filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year ended
December 31, 1999.
PART IV
ITEM 14. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES, AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K
(a) Documents filed as part of this Report:
PAGE
----
(1) Financial Statements:
Report of Independent Accountants............. F-1
Balance Sheet................................. F-2
Statement of Operations....................... F-3
Statement of Stockholders' Equity............. F-4
Statement of Cash Flows....................... F-5
Notes to Financial Statements................. F-6
(2) Financial statement schedules have been omitted because they are
either not required, not applicable or the information is otherwise included in
the Financial Statements.
29
32
(3) Exhibits:
EXHIBIT
NUMBER DESCRIPTION
---------- -----------
2.1(1) Merger Agreement and Plan of Reorganization, dated as of
November 28, 1999 by and among Redback Networks Inc., Siara
Systems, Inc. and the Stockholder Agent.
3.1(2) Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the
Registrant.
3.2(3) Form of Redback's Proposed Amended and Restated Certificate
of Incorporation, to be filed upon the offering made
pursuant to the Registration Statement on Form S-4.
3.3(2) Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant.
4.1(2) Specimen common stock certificate.
4.2(3) Investors' Rights Agreement dated as of July 2, 1998.
4.3(1) Form of Amendment No. 1 to Amended and Restated Investors'
Rights Agreement of the Registrant.
9.1(1) Form of Irrevocable Proxy and Voting Agreement signed by
certain stockholders of Redback Networks Inc.
9.2(1) Form of Irrevocable Proxy and Voting Agreement signed by
certain stockholders of Siara Systems, Inc.
10.1(3) Employment Agreement between Redback Networks Inc. and Vivek
Ragavan.
10.2(3) Employment Agreement between Redback Networks Inc. and
William Kind.
10.3(3) Employment Agreement between Redback Networks Inc. and
Pankaj Patel.
10.4(2) Form of Indemnification Agreement between the Registrant and
each of its directors and officers.
10.5(2) Sublease between Registrant and Infoseek Corporation, dated
January 12, 1998 (without exhibits).
10.6(2) First Amendment to Sublease between Redback and Infoseek
Corporation, dated January 15, 1999.
10.7(3) Redback Networks Inc. 1999 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended.
10.8(3) Redback Networks Inc. 1999 Directors' Option Plan, as
amended.
10.9(3) Redback Networks Inc. 1999 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, as
amended.
23.1(4) Consent of Independent Accountants.
27.1(3)(5) Financial Data Schedule.
99.1(4) Form of Redback Networks Inc. Proxy Card for Annual Meeting.
- ------------------------
(1) Incorporated herein by reference to the Company's Registration Statement on
Form S-4 (File No. 333-95947), as amended.
(2) Incorporated herein by reference to the Company's Registration Statement on
Form S-1 (File No. 333-74479), as amended.
(3) Incorporated herein by reference to an exhibit to the Company's Registration
Statement on Form S-4 (File No. 333-95947), as amended.
(4) Filed herewith.
(5) Electronic filing only.
(b) The Company filed a Report on Form 8-K dated December 10, 1999
reporting the execution of an Agreement and Plan of Merger between Redback
Networks Inc. and Siara Systems, Inc. dated November 28, 1999.
30
33
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 of 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has caused this report to be signed on its
behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
REDBACK NETWORKS INC.
(Registrant)
February 10, 2000 By: /s/ DENNIS L. BARSEMA
------------------------------------
Dennis L. Barsema
Director, Chief Executive Officer
and President
Pursuant to the requirements of Sections 13 or 15(d) the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has caused this report to be signed below
by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and
on the dates indicated:
SIGNATURE TITLE DATE
--------- ----- ----
By: /s/ DENNIS L. BARSEMA Director, Chief Executive Officer February 10, 2000
- ------------------------------------ and President
Dennis L. Barsema
By: /s/ CRAIG M. GENTNER Vice President, Chief Financial February 10, 2000
- ------------------------------------ Officer and Corporate Secretary
Craig M. Gentner
By: Director February 10, 2000
- ------------------------------------
James R. Flach
By: /s/ WILLIAM KURTZ Director February 10, 2000
- ------------------------------------
William Kurtz
By: /s/ PIERRE R. LAMOND Director, Chairman of the Board February 10, 2000
- ------------------------------------
Pierre R. Lamond
By: /s/ DANIEL J. WARMENHOVEN Director February 10, 2000
- ------------------------------------
Daniel J. Warmenhoven
31
34
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of
Redback Networks Inc.
In our opinion, the accompanying balance sheet and the related statements
of operations, of stockholders' equity and of cash flows present fairly, in all
material respects, the financial position of Redback Networks Inc. at December
31, 1999 and 1998, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each
of the three years in the period ended December 31, 1999 in conformity with
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. These financial
statements are the responsibility of the Company's management; our
responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on
our audits. We conducted our audits of these statements in accordance with
auditing standards generally accepted in the United States, which require that
we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the
financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes
examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in
the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and
significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial
statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis
for the opinion expressed above.
PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS LLP
San Jose, California
January 18, 2000
F-1
35
REDBACK NETWORKS INC.
BALANCE SHEET
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE AMOUNTS)
DECEMBER 31,
--------------------
1999 1998
-------- --------
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents................................. $ 13,888 $ 8,189
Short-term investments.................................... 43,072 --
Accounts receivable, less allowances of $1,149 and $340,
respectively........................................... 15,429 2,342
Inventories............................................... 3,960 821
Other current assets...................................... 1,374 262
-------- --------
Total current assets.............................. 77,723 11,614
Property and equipment, net................................. 10,150 2,822
Other assets................................................ 6,957 246
-------- --------
$ 94,830 $ 14,682
======== ========
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Borrowings, current....................................... $ 123 $ 1,747
Capital lease obligations, current........................ 755 560
Accounts payable.......................................... 9,109 2,060
Accrued liabilities....................................... 7,993 2,005
Deferred revenue.......................................... 9,945 781
-------- --------
Total current liabilities......................... 27,925 7,153
Borrowings, non-current..................................... -- 144
Capital lease obligations, non-current...................... 1,012 1,131
-------- --------
28,937 8,428
-------- --------
Commitments (Notes 5 and 11)
Stockholders' equity:
Convertible Preferred Stock: $0.0001 par value; 13,500,000
shares authorized, 10,456,621 issued and outstanding in
1998................................................... -- 18,884
Common Stock: $0.0001 par value; 80,000,000 and 45,000,000
shares authorized, 43,896,937 and 15,650,604 shares
issued and outstanding, respectively................... 91,638 6,741
Deferred stock compensation............................... (3,266) (4,731)
Notes receivable from stockholder......................... (131) (211)
Accumulated deficit....................................... (22,348) (14,429)
-------- --------
Total stockholders' equity........................ 65,893 6,254
-------- --------
$ 94,830 $ 14,682
======== ========
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
F-2
36
REDBACK NETWORKS INC.
STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE AMOUNTS)
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
----------------------------------------
1999 1998 1997
----------- ----------- ----------
Net revenues......................................... $ 64,274 $ 9,206 $ 48
Cost of revenues..................................... 18,665 3,603 29
----------- ----------- ----------
Gross profit......................................... 45,609 5,603 19
----------- ----------- ----------
Operating expenses:
Research and development (excluding amortization of
deferred stock compensation of $1,492, $326 and
$0, respectively)............................... 21,125 5,727 3,249
Selling, general and administrative (excluding
amortization of deferred stock compensation of
$2,541, $554 and $0, respectively).............. 30,208 8,875 1,317
Amortization of deferred stock compensation........ 4,033 880 --
----------- ----------- ----------
Total operating expenses................... 55,366 15,482 4,566
----------- ----------- ----------
Loss from operations................................. (9,757) (9,879) (4,547)
Interest and other income, net....................... 1,838 3 136
----------- ----------- ----------
Net loss............................................. $ (7,919) $ (9,876) $ (4,411)
=========== =========== ==========
Basic and diluted net loss per share................. $ (0.30) $ (1.78) $ (2.05)
=========== =========== ==========
Shares used in computing net loss per share.......... 26,694,000 5,538,000 2,152,000
=========== =========== ==========
Pro forma net loss per share (unaudited):
Basic and diluted net loss per share............... $ (0.23)
===========
Shares used in computing net loss per share........ 34,564,000
===========
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
F-3
37
REDBACK NETWORKS INC.
STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AMOUNTS)
CONVERTIBLE NOTES
PREFERRED STOCK COMMON STOCK DEFERRED RECEIVABLE
---------------------- -------------------- STOCK FROM ACCUMULATED
SHARES AMOUNT SHARES AMOUNT COMPENSATION STOCKHOLDER DEFICIT
----------- -------- ---------- ------- ------------ ----------- -----------
Balance at December 31, 1996.... 1,687,500 $ 217 5,659,992 $ 8 $ -- $ -- $ (142)
Issuance of Convertible
Preferred Stock, net.......... 7,692,497 10,202 -- -- -- -- --
Issuance of Common Stock........ -- -- 8,613,210 391 -- (211) --
Issuance of Common Stock and
warrants for services......... -- -- 181,492 31 -- -- --
Repurchase of Common Stock...... -- -- (986,430) (4) -- -- --
Net loss........................ -- -- -- -- -- -- (4,411)
----------- -------- ---------- ------- ------- ----- --------
Balance at December 31, 1997.... 9,379,997 10,419 13,468,264 426 -- (211) (4,553)
Issuance of Convertible
Preferred Stock, net.......... 1,076,624 8,465 -- -- -- -- --
Issuance of Common Stock........ -- -- 2,936,754 487 -- -- --
Issuance of Common Stock and
warrants for services......... -- -- 205,800 255 -- -- --
Repurchase of Common Stock...... -- -- (960,214) (38) -- -- --
Deferred stock compensation..... -- -- -- 5,611 (5,611) -- --
Amortization of deferred stock
compensation.................. -- -- -- -- 880 -- --
Net loss........................ -- -- -- -- -- -- (9,876)
----------- -------- ---------- ------- ------- ----- --------
Balance at December 31, 1998.... 10,456,621 18,884 15,650,604 6,741 (4,731) (211) (14,429)
Issuance of Convertible
Preferred Stock, net.......... 63,532 491 -- -- -- -- --
Conversion of preferred stock to
common stock.................. (10,520,153) (19,375) 21,040,306 19,375 -- -- --
Issuance of Common Stock in
initial public offering....... -- -- 5,750,000 60,004 -- -- --
Issuance of Common Stock under
stock plans................... -- -- 1,826,579 2,639 -- -- --
Issuance of Common Stock and
warrants for services......... -- -- 9,200 342 -- -- --
Repurchase of Common Stock...... -- -- (379,752) (31) -- -- --
Deferred stock compensation..... -- -- -- 2,568 (2,568) -- --
Amortization of deferred stock
compensation.................. -- -- -- -- 4,033 -- --
Payment received on notes
receivable from stockholder... -- -- -- -- -- 80 --
Net loss........................ -- -- -- -- -- -- (7,919)
----------- -------- ---------- ------- ------- ----- --------
Balance at December 31, 1999.... -- $ -- 43,896,937 $91,638 $(3,266) $(131) $(22,348)
=========== ======== ========== ======= ======= ===== ========
TOTAL
STOCKHOLDERS'
EQUITY
-------------
Balance at December 31, 1996.... $ 83
Issuance of Convertible
Preferred Stock, net.......... 10,202
Issuance of Common Stock........ 180
Issuance of Common Stock and
warrants for services......... 31
Repurchase of Common Stock...... (4)
Net loss........................ (4,411)
-------
Balance at December 31, 1997.... 6,081
Issuance of Convertible
Preferred Stock, net.......... 8,465
Issuance of Common Stock........ 487
Issuance of Common Stock and
warrants for services......... 255
Repurchase of Common Stock...... (38)
Deferred stock compensation..... --
Amortization of deferred stock
compensation.................. 880
Net loss........................ (9,876)
-------
Balance at December 31, 1998.... 6,254
Issuance of Convertible
Preferred Stock, net.......... 491
Conversion of preferred stock to
common stock.................. --
Issuance of Common Stock in
initial public offering....... 60,004
Issuance of Common Stock under
stock plans................... 2,639
Issuance of Common Stock and
warrants for services......... 342
Repurchase of Common Stock...... (31)
Deferred stock compensation..... --
Amortization of deferred stock
compensation.................. 4,033
Payment received on notes
receivable from stockholder... 80
Net loss........................ (7,919)
-------
Balance at December 31, 1999.... $65,893
=======
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
F-4
38
REDBACK NETWORKS INC.
STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
(IN THOUSANDS)
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
------------------------------
1999 1998 1997
-------- ------- -------
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net loss................................................. $ (7,919) $(9,876) $(4,411)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by
(used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization......................... 2,273 922 281
Amortization of deferred stock compensation........... 4,033 880 --
Other noncash charges................................. 342 255 336
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable................................. (13,087) (2,294) (48)
Inventories......................................... (3,139) (732) (89)
Other current assets................................ (1,112) (51) (185)
Other assets........................................ (2,682) (34) (283)
Accounts payable.................................... 7,049 1,609 420
Accrued liabilities................................. 5,988 1,911 (8)
Deferred revenue.................................... 9,164 781 --
-------- ------- -------
Net cash provided by (used in) operating
activities..................................... 910 (6,629) (3,987)
-------- ------- -------
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchase of property and equipment....................... (8,833) (1,234) (899)
Purchase of short-term investments....................... (43,072) -- (3,139)
Sale of short term investments........................... -- 3,139 --
Note receivable from Siara Systems....................... (4,029) -- --
-------- ------- -------
Net cash provided by (used in) investing
activities..................................... (55,934) 1,905 (4,038)
-------- ------- -------
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from issuance of Convertible Preferred Stock,
net................................................... 491 8,465 10,202
Proceeds from issuance of Common Stock, net.............. 62,692 449 176
Principal payments on capital lease obligations.......... (692) (338) (26)
Proceeds from bank borrowings............................ 2,500 1,500 700
Repayments of bank borrowings............................ (4,268) (247) (62)
-------- ------- -------
Net cash provided by financing activities........ 60,723 9,829 10,990
-------- ------- -------
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents.................. 5,699 5,105 2,965
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period........... 8,189 3,084 119
-------- ------- -------
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period................. $ 13,888 $ 8,189 $ 3,084
======== ======= =======
SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION:
Cash paid for interest................................... $ 347 $ 222 $ 60
======== ======= =======
SUPPLEMENTAL NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITY:
Property and equipment acquired under capital leases..... $ 768 $ 1,444 $ 611
======== ======= =======
Conversion of preferred to common stock.................. $ 19,375 $ -- $ --
======== ======= =======
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
F-5
39
REDBACK NETWORKS INC.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 1 -- THE COMPANY AND SUMMARY OF ITS SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES:
THE COMPANY
Redback Networks Inc. (the "Company" or "Redback") was incorporated in
Delaware on August 30, 1996. Redback is a leading provider of advanced
networking solutions that enable carriers, cable multiple system operators and
service providers to rapidly deploy high-speed broadband access to the Internet
and corporate networks. Redback's Subscriber Management System connects and
manages large numbers of subscribers using any of the major high-speed access
technologies including digital subscriber line, cable and wireless. The Company
operates in one business segment.
STOCK SPLITS
All share and per share information for all periods has been retroactively
restated to reflect a 4-for-1 Common Stock split effected in January 1997, a
3-for-2 Common Stock split effected in September 1998 and a 2-for-1 Common Stock
split effected in August 1999.
USE OF ESTIMATES
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and
assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and
disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial
statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period.
Actual results could differ from those estimates.
REVENUE RECOGNITION
Product sales are recognized upon shipment provided that no significant
vendor obligations remain and collection is considered probable.
Services revenue consists primarily of post-contract customer support,
training, consulting and installation services. Post-contract customer support
revenues are recognized ratably over the support period, which is generally one
year. Revenues from training, consulting services and installation are
recognized as the services are performed. Service revenues to date have not been
significant.
WARRANTY AND SALES RETURNS ALLOWANCES
The Company provides a limited warranty for its products. A provision for
the estimated warranty cost and a provision for sales returns are recorded at
the time revenue is recognized based on the Company's historical experience.
CASH EQUIVALENTS AND SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS
The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an
original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents, and
investments maturing in 12 months or less to be short-term investments. Cash
equivalents at December 31, 1999 and 1998 consist of money-market funds and
commercial paper totaling $13,888,000 and $7,735,000, respectively. At December
31, 1999, the Company had short-term investments of $43,072,000 (Note 2). The
Company classifies, at the date of acquisition, its short-term investments into
categories in accordance with the provisions of Statement of Financial
Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 115, "Accounting for Certain Investments in
Debt and Equity Securities." Currently, the Company classifies its short-term
investments as available-for-sale, which are reported at fair market value with
the related unrealized gains and losses included in stockholders' equity.
Unrealized gains and losses at December 31, 1999 were not material. Realized
gains and losses, declines in value of securities judged to be other than
temporary, and interest and dividends on all securities are included in interest
and other income,
F-6
40
REDBACK NETWORKS INC.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
net, and were not material for all periods presented. The fair value of the
Company's investments are based on quoted market prices.
CONCENTRATION OF CREDIT RISK, FOREIGN OPERATIONS AND SIGNIFICANT CUSTOMERS
Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to
concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents,
short-term investments and accounts receivable. The Company places its
investments with high credit quality financial institutions. The Company's
accounts receivable are derived from revenue earned from customers located in
the U.S. and certain foreign countries throughout Europe, Asia and South
America. Sales to foreign customers for the years ended December 31, 1999 and
1998, which were denominated in U.S. dollars, accounted for 6.9% and 15%,
respectively, of total revenues. Sales to any one foreign country did not exceed
10% of total revenues in 1999 or 1998. The Company performs ongoing credit
evaluations of its customers' financial condition and, generally, requires no
collateral from its customers. The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful
accounts receivable based upon the expected collectibility of accounts
receivable.
During the year ended December 31, 1999, two customers accounted for 11%
and 24% of the Company's revenue. At December 31, 1999, three customers
accounted for 11%, 13% and 21% of total gross receivables. During the year ended
December 31, 1998, two customers accounted for 18% and 19% of the Company's
revenue and at December 31, 1998, these two customers each accounted for 9% of
total gross receivables.
The Company is dependent on a single contract manufacturer for its
products, and certain key components are obtained from single or limited sources
of supply.
FAIR VALUE
The carrying value of the Company's financial instruments, including cash
and cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable, accounts
payable and accrued liabilities approximate their fair values due to their
relatively short maturities. The carrying value of the Company's borrowings and
capital lease obligations approximate their fair values given their market rates
of interest and maturity schedules. The Company does not hold or issue financial
instruments for trading purposes.
INVENTORIES
Inventories, which consist principally of raw materials and finished goods,
are stated at the lower of cost or market, cost being determined under the
first-in, first-out method.
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is computed using
the straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated useful lives of the
assets, generally two to five years, or the lease term of the respective assets.
LONG-LIVED ASSETS
The Company periodically evaluates the recoverability of its long-lived
assets based on expected undiscounted cash flows and recognizes an impairment
from the carrying value of long-lived assets, if any, based on the fair value of
such assets.
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
The Company accounts for stock-based employee compensation arrangements in
accordance with the provisions of Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25,
"Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees,"
F-7
41
REDBACK NETWORKS INC.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
("APB No. 25") and complies with the disclosure provisions of SFAS No. 123,
"Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation".
The Company accounts for equity instruments issued to non-employees in
accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 123 and Emerging Issues Task Force
("EITF") 96-18.
INCOME TAXES
The Company accounts for income taxes under the liability method, which
requires, among other things, that deferred income taxes be provided for
temporary differences between the tax bases of the Company's assets and
liabilities and their financial statement reported amounts. In addition,
deferred tax assets are recorded for the future benefit of utilizing net
operating losses and research and development credit carryforwards. A valuation
allowance is provided against deferred tax assets unless it is more likely than
not that they will be realized.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Research and development costs are charged to operations as incurred.
CAPITALIZED SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT COSTS
Software development costs not qualifying for capitalization are included
in research and development and are expensed as incurred. After technological
feasibility is established, material software development costs are capitalized.
The capitalized cost is then amortized on a straight-line basis over the
estimated product life or on the ratio of current revenues to total projected
product revenues, if greater. The Company defines technological feasibility as
the establishment of a working model, which typically occurs upon completion of
the beta version. To date, the period between achieving technological
feasibility and the general availability of the related products has been short
and software development costs qualifying for capitalization have been
insignificant. Accordingly, the Company has not capitalized any software
development costs to date.
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
Effective January 1, 1998, the Company adopted the provisions of SFAS No.
130, "Reporting Comprehensive Income." SFAS No. 130 establishes standards for
reporting comprehensive income and its components in the financial statements.
Comprehensive income, as defined, includes the Company's net losses and all
other changes in equity during a period from non-owner sources. To date, the
Company has not had any material transactions that are required to be reported
as other comprehensive income.
NET LOSS PER SHARE
The Company computes net loss per share in accordance with SFAS No. 128,
"Earnings per Share" and SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin ("SAB") No. 98. Under the
provisions of SFAS No. 128 and SAB 98, basic net loss per share is computed by
dividing the net loss for the period by the weighted average number of common
shares outstanding during the period. Weighted average shares exclude shares
subject to repurchase ("restricted shares"). Diluted net loss per share is
computed by dividing the net loss for the period by the weighted average number
of common and common equivalent shares outstanding during the period, if
dilutive. Common equivalent shares are composed of unvested restricted shares
and incremental common shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options and
warrants and upon the conversion of Preferred Stock.
F-8
42
REDBACK NETWORKS INC.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net
loss per share for the periods indicated:
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
-------------------------------------------------
1999 1998 1997
--------------- -------------- --------------
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
Numerator:
Net loss.......................................... $ (7,919) $ (9,876) $ (4,411)
============ =========== ===========
Denominator:
Weighted average common shares outstanding........ 32,974,000 14,840,000 9,068,000
Weighted average unvested common shares subject to
repurchase..................................... (6,280,000) (9,302,000) (6,916,000)
------------ ----------- -----------
Denominator for basic and diluted calculation..... 26,694,000 5,538,000 2,152,000
============ =========== ===========
Basic and diluted net loss per share................ $ (0.30) $ (1.78) $ (2.05)
============ =========== ===========
Options to purchase 8,029,875, 4,209,450 and 465,000 shares of Common Stock
at an average exercise price of $22.50, $0.75 and $0.08 per share, warrants to
purchase 59,000, 258,842 and 198,750 shares of Common Stock at an average
exercise price of $10.69, $0.76 and $0.50 per share, and shares issuable upon
the conversion of Preferred Stock have not been included in the computation of
diluted net loss per share for the years ended December 31, 1999, 1998, and
1997, respectively, as their effect would have been anti-dilutive.
PRO FORMA NET LOSS PER SHARE (UNAUDITED)
Pro forma net loss per share for the year ended December 31, 1999 is
computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding,
including the pro forma effects of the automatic conversion of the Company's
Preferred Stock into shares of the Company's common stock effective upon the
closing of the Company's initial public offering as if such conversion occurred
on January 1, 1999, or at date of original issuance, if later. The resulting pro
forma adjustment includes an increase in the weighted average shares used to
compute basic and diluted net loss per share of 7,870,000 for the year ended
December 31, 1999.
NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
In June 1998, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued SFAS No. 133,
"Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities". The new standard
requires companies to record derivatives on the balance sheet as assets or
liabilities, measured at fair value. Under SFAS No. 133, gains or losses
resulting from changes in the values of derivatives are to be reported in the
statement of operations or as a deferred item, depending on the use of the
derivatives and whether they qualify for hedge accounting. The Company is
required to adopt SFAS No. 133 in the first quarter of 2001. To date, the
Company has not engaged in any hedging activity and does not expect adoption of
this new standard to have a significant impact on the Company.
In December 1999, the SEC issued Staff Accounting Bulletin ("SAB") 101,
"Revenue Recognition," which provides guidance on the recognition, presentation,
and disclosure of revenue in financial statements filed with the SEC. SAB 101
outlines the basic criteria that must be met to recognize revenue and provides
guidance for disclosure related to revenue recognition policies. At this time,
the Company is still assessing the impact of SAB 101 on its financial position
and results of operations.
F-9
43
REDBACK NETWORKS INC.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
NOTE 2 -- BALANCE SHEET COMPONENTS (IN THOUSANDS):
DECEMBER 31,
-------------------
1999 1998
-------- -------
SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS
U.S. government obligations............................... $ 4,084
Commercial paper.......................................... 24,566
Other corporate securities................................ 14,422
--------
$ 43,072
========
INVENTORIES
Raw materials............................................. $ 3,364 $ 563
Finished goods............................................ 596 258
-------- -------
$ 3,960 $ 821
======== =======
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET
Computer equipment........................................ $ 11,689 $ 3,554
Furniture and fixtures.................................... 683 358
Leasehold improvements.................................... 1,249 115
-------- -------
13,621 4,027
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization........... (3,471) (1,205)
-------- -------
$ 10,150 $ 2,822
======== =======
OTHER ASSETS
Note receivable from Siara Systems (Note 11).............. $ 4,029
Other..................................................... 2,928 $ 246
-------- -------
$ 6,957 $ 246
======== =======
ACCRUED LIABILITIES
Accrued compensation...................................... $ 4,112 $ 494
Accrued professional fees................................. 480 458
Accrued warranty.......................................... 928 338
Other..................................................... 2,473 715
-------- -------
$ 7,993 $ 2,005
======== =======
Property and equipment includes $2,823,000 and $2,055,000 of computer
equipment, internal-use software and furniture and fixtures under capital leases
at December 31, 1999 and 1998, respectively. Accumulated amortization of assets
under capital leases totaled $1,493,000 and $552,000 at December 31, 1999 and
1998, respectively.
NOTE 3 -- INCOME TAXES:
No provisions for income taxes have been recorded as the Company has
incurred net losses since inception.
At December 31, 1999, the Company's federal and state net operating loss
carryforwards for income tax purposes were approximately $79 million and $44
million, respectively. If not utilized, the federal net operating loss
carryforwards will begin to expire in 2011, and the state net operating loss
carryforwards will begin to expire in 2004. The Company's federal and state
research tax credit carryforwards for income tax purposes are approximately $2
million and $1 million, respectively. If not utilized, the federal and state tax
credit carryforwards will begin to expire in 2011. Under the Tax Reform Act of
1986, the amounts of and benefits from net operating loss carryforwards may be
impaired or limited in certain circumstances. Events which cause limitations in
the amount of net operating losses that the Company may utilize in any one year
include, but are not limited to, a cumulative ownership change of more than 50%,
as defined, over a three year period. Such a change may have occurred as a
result of the preferred stock issuances during 1997 and 1998.
F-10
44
REDBACK NETWORKS INC.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
The Company's gross deferred tax assets approximate $32 million as of
December 31, 1999 of which approximately $27 million relates to net operating
loss carryforwards and credit carryforwards resulting from the exercise of
employee stock options. When recognized, the tax benefit of the loss and credit
carryforwards from the exercise of employee stock options will be accounted for
as a credit to additional paid-in capital rather than a reduction of the income
tax provision. Deferred tax assets of approximately $5 million as of December
31, 1998 relate primarily to net operating loss carryforwards and certain
accruals that were not deductible for tax purposes. Management believes that,
based on a number of factors, the available objective evidence creates
sufficient uncertainty regarding the realizability of the deferred tax assets
such that a full valuation allowance has been recorded.
NOTE 4 -- BORROWINGS:
The Company had $123,000 and $391,000 outstanding under a loan and security
agreement with a bank at December 31, 1999 and 1998, respectively. The loan
agreement provides for borrowings of up to $750,000, which are secured by the
Company's property and equipment. Under the terms of the loan agreement, certain
transactions, including payment of dividends, are prohibited without the bank's
consent. The loan bears interest at the prime rate (8.50% at December 31, 1999)
plus .5% per annum. The Company is required to make monthly repayments on this
loan through July 2000.
The Company's loan and security agreement with this bank included a
revolving line of credit that provided for borrowings of up to $5 million, as
amended, at the prime rate plus .5% per annum. At December 31, 1998, the Company
had $1,500,000 outstanding under this line, which was repaid in 1999. This
agreement matured in July 1999.
NOTE 5 -- COMMITMENTS:
The Company leases office space and equipment under noncancelable operating
and capital leases with various expiration dates through 2002 and 2009,
respectively. Certain of the facilities leases have renewal options.
Additionally, the terms of the facilities leases provide generally for rental
payments on a graduated scale. The Company recognizes rent expense on a
straight-line basis over the lease period. Rental expense for 1999, 1998 and
1997 was $1,243,000, $441,000, and $144,000, respectively.
At December 31, 1999, the Company had $627,000 available under a capital
lease line for the acquisition of equipment.
Future minimum lease payments under noncancelable operating and capital
leases, including operating lease commitments entered into subsequent to
December 31, 1999, are as follows:
CAPITAL OPERATING
LEASES LEASES
------- ---------
(IN THOUSANDS)
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
2000..................................................... $ 952 $ 4,233
2001..................................................... 738 6,620
2002..................................................... 353 7,012
2003..................................................... -- 7,228
2004..................................................... -- 7,441
2005 and thereafter...................................... -- 23,816
------ -------
Total minimum lease payments........................... 2,043 $56,350
=======
Less: Amount representing interest....................... 276
------
Present value of capital lease obligations............... 1,767
Less: Current portion.................................... 755
------
Non-current portion of capital lease
obligations.................................... $1,012
======
F-11
45
REDBACK NETWORKS INC.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
NOTE 6 -- CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK:
Convertible Preferred Stock at December 31, 1998 consisted of the
following:
PROCEEDS
SHARES NET OF
------------------------- LIQUIDATION ISSUANCE
SERIES DESIGNATED OUTSTANDING AMOUNT COSTS
------ ---------- ----------- ----------- --------
(IN THOUSANDS)
A.................................... 1,687,500 1,687,500 $ 225 $ 217
B.................................... 5,233,875 5,134,498 5,135 5,119
C.................................... 2,582,001 2,557,999 5,116 5,083
D.................................... 1,350,000 1,076,624 8,477 8,465
---------- ---------- ------- -------
10,853,376 10,456,621 $18,953 $18,884
========== ========== ======= =======
In January 1999, the Company sold 63,532 shares of Series D Preferred Stock
for net proceeds of $491,000. The holders of Convertible Preferred Stock were
entitled to voting rights equivalent to the number of shares of Common Stock
into which it was convertible. In addition, holders of Series A, B, C and D
Convertible Preferred Stock were entitled to receive noncumulative dividends at
the per annum rate of $.013, $.10, $.20 and $.787 per share, respectively, when
and if declared by the Board of Directors, as well as a liquidation preference
of $.13, $1.00, $2.00 and $7.87 per share, respectively, in the event of the
dissolution of the Company.
All shares of Convertible Preferred Stock were converted into Common Stock
upon the closing of the Company's initial public offering in May 1999.
WARRANTS FOR CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK
In connection with certain borrowings in 1998 and 1997, the Company issued
warrants to purchase Preferred Stock which, after conversion, resulted in
warrants to purchase 198,750, 48,000 and 12,192 shares of Common Stock for $.50,
$1.00 and $3.94 per share. Such warrants expire through 2004. Using the Black-
Scholes pricing model, the Company estimated that the aggregate fair value of
the warrants was $98,000. The Company recognized $28,000 of interest expense
associated with these warrants in 1999 and 1998.
In connection with the Company's initial public offering, the warrants were
converted to warrants to purchase common stock. Warrants to purchase 60,000
shares of common stock remain outstanding at December 31, 1999.
NOTE 7 -- COMMON STOCK:
In May 1999, the Company completed its initial public offering of 5,750,000
shares of Common Stock for net proceeds of approximately $60 million.
A portion of the shares of Common Stock outstanding is subject to the
Company's right to repurchase the shares at the original purchase or option
exercise price in the event that the service of the purchaser or optionee
terminates for any reason. The Company's repurchase right generally lapses as
the purchaser or optionee performs services over a four-year period. The right
generally lapses with respect to one-quarter of the shares after 12 months of
service and with respect to 1/48 of the shares each month thereafter. In certain
cases, the right of repurchase lapses on an accelerated basis in the event of a
change in control. The shares generally are not transferable and are held in
escrow while they remain subject to the Company's right of repurchase. At
December 31, 1999 and 1998, there were 5,460,000 and 8,482,800 shares
outstanding, respectively, subject to repurchase.
The Company issued 9,200, 205,800 and 181,492 shares of Common Stock to
consultants and other service providers in 1999, 1998 and 1997, respectively.
Grants to non-employee service providers and other
F-12
46
REDBACK NETWORKS INC.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
non-employees are fully vested at the date of issuance. The fair value of the
Common Stock issued was determined to be $107,000, $227,000 and $6,000 in 1999,
1998 and 1997, respectively, based on the fair value of the services received or
Common Stock issued, whichever was more reliably measurable, and has been
recognized in general and administrative expenses.
The Company issued 58,504 and 4,144,460 restricted shares of Common Stock
outside the 1997 Stock Plan in 1998 and 1997, respectively. The weighted average
fair value of the restricted shares issued was $.25 and $.025 in 1998 and 1997,
respectively.
In December 1999, the Board of Directors approved, subject to stockholder
approval, an amendment to the Company's certificate of incorporation to provide
for an increase in the authorized number of shares of Common Stock from
80,000,000 to 200,000,000.
NOTE 8 -- STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS:
In April 1997, the Company adopted the 1997 Stock Plan (the "1997 Plan").
The 1997 Plan provides for the granting of stock options and common stock to
employees and consultants of the Company. Options granted under the 1997 Plan
may be either incentive stock options or nonqualified stock options. Incentive
stock options ("ISO") may be granted only to Company employees (including
officers and directors who are also employees). Nonqualified stock options
("NSO") may be granted to Company employees and consultants. As of December 31,
1999, the Company has reserved 15,542,192 shares of Common Stock for issuance
under the 1997 Plan.
In May 1999, the Company adopted the 1999 Stock Incentive Plan ("1999
Plan") and has reserved 5,000,000 shares of common stock for issuance under this
Plan. Shares not yet issued under the 1997 Plan are also available under the
1999 Plan. The 1999 Plan allows grants of ISOs, NSOs and restricted stock to
employees, non-employee board members and consultants.
In May 1999, the Company adopted the 1999 Directors' Plan and has reserved
400,000 shares of Common Stock for issuance under this Plan.
Options under the Plans may be granted for periods of up to ten years and
at prices no less than 85% of the estimated fair value of the shares on the date
of grant, provided, however, that (i) the exercise price of an ISO and NSO shall
not be less than 100% and 85% of the estimated fair value of the shares on the
date of grant, respectively, and (ii) the exercise price of an ISO and NSO
granted to a 10% shareholder shall not be less than 110% of the estimated fair
value of the shares on the date of grant. Options under the 1997 Plan are
generally exercisable immediately, subject to repurchase by the Company. The
repurchase feature generally lapses over four years. Options and restricted
stock grants generally vest over four years.
F-13
47
REDBACK NETWORKS INC.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
The following table presents activity under the 1997 Plan, the 1999 Stock
Plan and the 1999 Directors' Plan:
OPTIONS OUTSTANDING
-----------------------
WEIGHTED
SHARES AVERAGE
AVAILABLE NUMBER EXERCISE
FOR GRANT OUTSTANDING PRICE
---------- ----------- --------
Authorized............................................. 7,800,000 -- $ --
Options granted........................................ (663,000) 663,000 .07
Common stock granted................................... (4,436,492) -- --
Options exercised...................................... -- (198,000) .03
Common stock repurchased............................... 15,000 -- --
---------- ---------- ------
Balance at December 31, 1997............................. 2,715,508 465,000 .08
Authorized............................................. 6,342,192 -- --
Options granted........................................ (5,338,200) 5,338,200 .63
Common stock granted................................... (1,410,300) -- --
Options exercised...................................... -- (1,673,750) .21
Common stock repurchased............................... 237,000 -- --
---------- ---------- ------
Balance at December 31, 1998............................. 2,546,200 4,129,450 .74
Authorized............................................. 6,800,000 -- --
Options granted........................................ (5,505,500) 5,505,500 32.59
Common stock granted................................... (9,200) -- --
Options exercised...................................... -- (1,416,075) .89
Options cancelled...................................... 269,000 (269,000) 2.21
Common stock repurchased............................... 379,752 -- --
---------- ---------- ------
Balance at December 31, 1999............................. 4,480,252 7,949,875 $22.52
========== ==========
OPTIONS OUTSTANDING AT DECEMBER 31, 1999 OPTIONS EXERCISABLE AT
----------------------------------------- DECEMBER 31, 1999
WEIGHTED -----------------------
AVERAGE WEIGHTED WEIGHTED
REMAINING AVERAGE AVERAGE
RANGE OF NUMBER CONTRACTUAL EXERCISE NUMBER EXERCISE
EXERCISE PRICE OUTSTANDING LIFE PRICE OUTSTANDING PRICE
-------------- ------------ ------------ --------- ----------- --------
$0.10 - 0.50....................... 1,317,378 8.36 years $ 0.26 1,317,378 $ 0.26
$1.00 - $1.50...................... 1,434,823 8.88 years 1.29 1,434,823 1.29
$2.38 - $7.00...................... 3,029,614 9.19 years 4.87 3,029,614 4.87
$9.50 - $11.50..................... 760,860 9.37 years 9.76 760,860 9.76
$94.26 - $99.88.................... 709,200 9.61 years 97.42 -- --
$120.00 - $150.00.................. 698,000 9.82 years 124.82 49,900 120.00
--------- ---------
7,949,875 9.11 years $ 22.52 6,592,575 $ 4.61
========= =========
A total of 581,719 options with an average exercise price of $13.01 per
share were vested at December 31, 1999.
In 1997, the Company issued, to an employee, options to purchase 15,750
shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $0.10 per share outside of the
1997 Plan. These options were exercised in 1997. In 1998, the Company issued
options to purchase a total of 80,000 shares of Common Stock to two employees at
an exercise price of $1.50 per share outside of the 1997 Plan. These options
were outstanding at December 31, 1999.
Effective May 18, 1999, the Company adopted the 1999 Employee Stock
Purchase Plan (the "Purchase Plan"), which provides for the issuance of a
maximum of 2,000,000 shares of Common Stock. Eligible employees can have up to
15% of their earnings withheld, up to certain maximums, to be used to purchase
shares of the Company's Common Stock on every October 31 and April 30. The price
of the Common Stock purchased under the Purchase Plan is equal to 85% of the
lower of the fair market value of the Common Stock
F-14
48
REDBACK NETWORKS INC.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
on the offering date of each two year offering period or the specified purchase
date. During 1999, 153,000 shares were purchased at $9.78 per share.
In December 1999, the Board of Directors approved, subject to stockholder
approval, an amendment to the Company's certificate of incorporation to provide
for increases in the number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance
under the 1999 Plan from 5,000,000 to 8,000,000; under the 1999 Employee Stock
Purchase Plan from 2,000,000 to 3,000,000 with automatic increases to 3,000,000
shares each year; and under the 1999 Directors' Option Plan from 400,000 to
800,000.
FAIR VALUE DISCLOSURES
The Company applies the provisions of APB 25 and related Interpretations in
accounting for employee stock based compensation arrangements. Had compensation
cost for the Company's stock-based compensation plan been determined based on
the fair value at the grant dates for the awards under the method prescribed by
SFAS No. 123, for the years ended December 31, 1998 and 1997, the Company's net
loss would not have been materially different. For the year ended December 31,
1999, had compensation cost been determined pursuant to SFAS No. 123, the
Company's net loss would have been as follows:
YEAR ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 1999
---------------------
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT
PER SHARE DATA)
Net loss:
As reported............................................... $ (7,919)
========
Pro forma................................................. $(31,642)
========
Net loss per share -- basic and diluted:
As reported............................................... $ (0.30)
========
Pro forma................................................. $ (1.19)
========
The Company calculated the minimum fair value of each option grant on the
date of grant using the Black-Scholes pricing model with the following
assumptions:
YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31,
--------------------
1999 1998 1997
---- ---- ----
Expected life (years)....................................... 2-3 5 5
Risk free interest rate..................................... 5.30% 5.12% 6.03%
Expected volatility......................................... 65% -- --
Dividend yield.............................................. -- -- --
Because additional stock options are expected to be granted each year, the
above pro forma disclosures are not representative of pro forma effects on
reported financial results for future years.
F-15
49
REDBACK NETWORKS INC.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
The weighted average fair value of options granted during 1999, 1998 and
1997 were as follows:
WEIGHTED WEIGHTED
AVERAGE AVERAGE
EXERCISE FAIR
PRICE PER VALUE PER
SHARE SHARE
--------------- ---------------
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1999
Exercise price equal to market value.................... $49.79 $23.51
Exercise price less than market value................... 7.10 2.16
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1998
Exercise price equal to market value.................... $ 0.30 $ 0.07
Exercise price less than market value................... 0.66 1.23
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1997
Exercise price equal to market value.................... $ 0.07 $ 0.02
The weighted average fair value of restricted shares of Common Stock
granted under the Plan in 1998 and 1997 was $.39 and $.07, respectively. There
were no restricted shares of Common Stock granted under the Plan in 1999.
NOTE 9 -- DEFERRED STOCK COMPENSATION:
In the years ended December 31, 1999 and 1998, the Company recorded
deferred stock compensation expense of $2,568,000 and $5,611,000, respectively,
related to the issuance of stock options and restricted shares at prices
subsequently determined to be below fair market value. These charges are being
amortized over a period of four years from the date of grant or restricted
shares issuance. Amortization of $4,033,000 and $880,000 has been recognized as
stock compensation expense in the years ended December 31, 1999 and 1998,
respectively.
NOTE 10 -- EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS:
The Company sponsors a 401(k) defined contribution plan covering all
employees. Contributions made by the Company are determined annually by the
Board of Directors. There have been no Company contributions to the plan since
inception.
NOTE 11 -- PENDING ACQUISITION OF SIARA SYSTEMS:
On November 28, 1999, Redback entered into an agreement to merge with Siara
Systems, Inc. ("Siara") in a transaction to be accounted for as a purchase.
Siara stockholders, optionholders and warrantholders will receive an aggregate
total of 31,341,986 shares of Redback common stock and shares subject to options
or warrants, as applicable, in the merger. The aggregate purchase price of the
Siara acquisition is estimated to be approximately $4.5 billion based on the
average closing price of Redback's stock for the five day period including the
date of the announcement of the signing of the merger agreement. The Company
estimates that the acquisition will result in goodwill of approximately $4.4
billion, which will be amortized over four years, other intangible assets, which
will be amortized over periods ranging from two to four years, and in-process
research and development, which will be charged to operations at the closing of
the merger. These estimates are preliminary and may change based upon the fair
values of the acquired assets and assumed liabilities as of the closing date and
the finalization of a valuation report.
The Company also entered into a loan agreement to provide financing of up
to $25 million to Siara. The loan balance totaled $4 million at December 31,
1999, accrues interest at the prime rate (8.5% at
F-16
50
REDBACK NETWORKS INC.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
December 31, 1999), matures six months after a termination of the merger
agreement, and is convertible into shares of Siara Common Stock at Siara's
option.
If the merger is terminated due to an action of the Company or its
stockholders, Redback may be required pursuant to the terms of the merger
agreement to pay a termination fee of $135 million or provide an additional loan
of $25 million to Siara, depending on the reason for such termination.
F-17
51
INDEX TO EXHIBITS
EXHIBIT
NUMBER DESCRIPTION
---------- -----------
23.1(4) Consent of Independent Accountants.
99.1(4) Form of Redback Networks Inc. Proxy Card for Annual Meeting.