UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND
EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
X |
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2003. |
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from ____________ to _____________ |
Commission File Number: 0-20199
EXPRESS SCRIPTS, INC.
(Exact name of
registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware | 43-1420563 |
(State of Incorporation) | (I.R.S. employer identification no.) |
13900 Riverport Dr., Maryland Heights, Missouri |
63043 |
(Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code) |
Registrants telephone number, including area code: (314) 770-1666
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by
Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months
(or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and
(2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes X No
___
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer
(as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes X
No
___
Common stock outstanding as of September 30, 2003: 78,543,451 Shares
EXPRESS SCRIPTS, INC.
INDEX
Part I | Financial Information |
Item 1. Financial Statements (unaudited) | |
a) Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheet | |
b) Unaudited Consolidated Statement of Operations | |
c) Unaudited Consolidated Statement of Changes | |
in Stockholders Equity | |
d) Unaudited Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows | |
e) Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements | |
Item 2. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial | |
Condition and Results of Operations | |
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About | |
Market Risk | |
Item 4. Controls and Procedures | |
Part II |
Other Information |
Item 1. Legal Proceedings | |
Item 2. Changes in Securities and Use of Proceeds (Not Applicable) | |
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities (Not Applicable) | |
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders (Not Applicable) | |
Item 5. Other Information (Not Applicable) | |
Item 6. Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-K |
Signatures
Index to Exhibits
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
(in thousands, except share data) | September 30, 2003 |
December 31, 2002 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Assets | ||||||||||
Current assets: | ||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 292,310 | $ | 190,654 | ||||||
Receivables, net | 983,193 | 988,544 | ||||||||
Inventories | 130,113 | 160,483 | ||||||||
Deferred taxes | 14,979 | 25,686 | ||||||||
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 24,646 | 28,454 | ||||||||
Total current assets | 1,445,241 | 1,393,821 | ||||||||
Property and equipment, net | 173,116 | 168,973 | ||||||||
Goodwill, net | 1,420,582 | 1,378,436 | ||||||||
Other intangible assets, net | 235,762 | 251,111 | ||||||||
Other assets | 20,090 | 14,651 | ||||||||
Total assets | $ | 3,294,791 | $ | 3,206,992 | ||||||
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity | ||||||||||
Current liabilities: | ||||||||||
Claims and rebates payable | $ | 1,155,195 | $ | 1,084,906 | ||||||
Accounts payable | 196,211 | 255,245 | ||||||||
Accrued expenses | 185,583 | 200,356 | ||||||||
Current maturities of long-term debt | - | 3,250 | ||||||||
Total current liabilities | 1,536,989 | 1,543,757 | ||||||||
Long-term debt | 455,089 | 562,556 | ||||||||
Other liabilities | 124,460 | 97,824 | ||||||||
Total liabilities | 2,116,538 | 2,204,137 | ||||||||
Stockholders' equity: | ||||||||||
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share, 5,000,000 shares authorized, | ||||||||||
and no shares issued and outstanding | - | - | ||||||||
Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share, 181,000,000 shares | ||||||||||
authorized,and 79,777,000 and 79,834,000 shares issued and | ||||||||||
outstanding, respectively | 797 | 798 | ||||||||
Additional paid-in capital | 482,754 | 503,746 | ||||||||
Unearned compensation under employee compensation plans | (25,413 | ) | (8,179 | ) | ||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income | 1,744 | (4,422 | ) | |||||||
Retained earnings | 797,119 | 614,950 | ||||||||
1,257,001 | 1,106,893 | |||||||||
Common Stock in treasury at cost,1,234,000 and 1,963,000 | ||||||||||
shares, respectively | (78,748 | ) | (104,038 | ) | ||||||
Total stockholders' equity | 1,178,253 | 1,002,855 | ||||||||
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | $ | 3,294,791 | $ | 3,206,992 | ||||||
See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements
Three Months Ended September 30, |
Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(in thousands, except per share data) | 2003 |
2002 |
2003 |
2002 | ||||||||||
Revenues | $ | 3,248,602 | $ | 3,187,458 | $ | 9,806,780 | $ | 8,906,004 | ||||||
Cost of revenues | 3,041,825 | 2,975,996 | 9,173,155 | 8,307,781 | ||||||||||
Gross profit | 206,777 | 211,462 | 633,625 | 598,223 | ||||||||||
Selling, general and administrative | 93,286 | 112,162 | 302,027 | 329,860 | ||||||||||
Operating income | 113,491 | 99,300 | 331,598 | 268,363 | ||||||||||
Other (expense) income: | ||||||||||||||
Undistributed loss from joint venture | (1,436 | ) | (1,224 | ) | (4,520 | ) | (3,294 | ) | ||||||
Interest income | 756 | 1,391 | 2,345 | 3,770 | ||||||||||
Interest expense | (8,430 | ) | (12,555 | ) | (33,172 | ) | (32,337 | ) | ||||||
(9,110 | ) | (12,388 | ) | (35,347 | ) | (31,861 | ) | |||||||
Income before income taxes | 104,381 | 86,912 | 296,251 | 236,502 | ||||||||||
Provision for income taxes | 39,839 | 33,470 | 113,054 | 90,391 | ||||||||||
Income before cumulative effect of accounting change | 64,542 | 53,442 | 183,197 | 146,111 | ||||||||||
Cumulative effect of accounting change, net of tax | - | - | (1,028 | ) | - | |||||||||
Net income | $ | 64,542 | $ | 53,442 | $ | 182,169 | $ | 146,111 | ||||||
Basic earnings per share: | ||||||||||||||
Before cumulative effect of accounting change | $ | 0.82 | $ | 0.69 | $ | 2.34 | $ | 1.87 | ||||||
Cumulative effect of accounting change | - | - | (0.01 | ) | - | |||||||||
Net income | $ | 0.82 | $ | 0.69 | $ | 2.33 | $ | 1.87 | ||||||
Weighted average number of common shares | ||||||||||||||
Outstanding during the period - Basic EPS | 78,666 | 77,829 | 78,197 | 77,962 | ||||||||||
Diluted earnings per share: | ||||||||||||||
Before cumulative effect of accounting change | $ | 0.81 | $ | 0.67 | $ | 2.30 | $ | 1.83 | ||||||
Cumulative effect of accounting change | - | - | (0.01 | ) | - | |||||||||
Net income | $ | 0.81 | $ | 0.67 | $ | 2.29 | $ | 1.83 | ||||||
Weighted average number of common shares | ||||||||||||||
Outstanding during the period - Diluted EPS | 80,023 | 79,449 | 79,401 | 79,786 | ||||||||||
See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements
Number of Shares |
Amount | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(in thousands) |
Common Stock |
Common Stock |
Additional Paid-in Capital |
Unearned Compensation Under Employee Compensation Plans |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income |
Retained Earnings |
Treasury Stock |
Total | ||||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2002 | 79,834 | $ | 798 | $ | 503,746 | $ | (8,179 | ) | $ | (4,422 | ) | $ | 614,950 | $ | (104,038 | ) | $ | 1,002,855 | ||||||||
Comprehensive income: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income | - | - | - | - | - | 182,169 | - | 182,169 | ||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
translation adjustment | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4,621 | - | - | 4,621 | ||||||||||||||||
Realized and unrealized gains | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
on derivative financial | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
instruments, net of taxes | - | - | - | - | 1,545 | - | - | 1,545 | ||||||||||||||||||
Comprehensive income | - | - | - | - | 6,166 | 182,169 | - | 188,335 | ||||||||||||||||||
Treasury stock acquired | - | - | - | - | - | - | (79,073 | ) | (79,073 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Changes in stockholders' equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
related to employee stock plans | (57 | ) | (1 | ) | (20,992 | ) | (17,234 | ) | - | - | 104,363 | 66,135 | ||||||||||||||
Balance at September 30, 2003 | 79,777 | $ | 797 | $ | 482,754 | $ | (25,413 | ) | $ | 1,744 | $ | 797,119 | $ | (78,748 | ) | $ | 1,178,253 | |||||||||
See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements
Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(in thousands) | 2003 |
2002 | ||||||
Cash flows from operating activities: | ||||||||
Net income | $ | 182,169 | $ | 146,111 | ||||
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash | ||||||||
provided by operating activities: | ||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 39,687 | 62,975 | ||||||
Non-cash adjustments to net income | 65,548 | 54,625 | ||||||
Net changes in operating assets and liabilities | (6,008 | ) | 23,253 | |||||
Net cash provided by operating activities | 281,396 | 286,964 | ||||||
Cash flows from investing activities: | ||||||||
Purchases of property and equipment | (32,012 | ) | (32,472 | ) | ||||
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired, and investment in joint venture | 3,560 | (497,229 | ) | |||||
Other | 15 | 655 | ||||||
Net cash used in investing activities | (28,437 | ) | (529,046 | ) | ||||
Cash flows from financing activities: | ||||||||
Proceeds from long-term debt | 50,000 | 425,000 | ||||||
Repayment of long-term debt | (160,430 | ) | (150,000 | ) | ||||
Treasury stock acquired | (79,073 | ) | (66,840 | ) | ||||
Net proceeds from employee stock plans | 35,908 | 21,700 | ||||||
Other | - | (3,885 | ) | |||||
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities | (153,595 | ) | 225,975 | |||||
Effect of foreign currency translation adjustment | 2,292 | (10 | ) | |||||
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 101,656 | (16,117 | ) | |||||
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 190,654 | 177,715 | ||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 292,310 | $ | 161,598 | ||||
See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements
Certain of our significant accounting policies are described below. Other financial statement note disclosures, normally included in financial statements prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles, have been omitted from this Form 10-Q pursuant to the Rules and Regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. However, we believe the disclosures contained in this Form 10-Q are adequate to make the information presented not misleading when read in conjunction with the notes to the consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 1, 2003. For a full description of our accounting policies, please refer to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002.
We believe the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting of only normal recurring adjustments) necessary to present fairly the Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheet at September 30, 2003, the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2003 and 2002, the Unaudited Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders Equity for the nine months ended September 30, 2003, and the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2003 and 2002. Operating results for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2003 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ended December 31, 2003.
REVENUE RECOGNITION
Revenues from our pharmacy benefit management (PBM) segment are earned by dispensing prescriptions from our mail pharmacies, processing claims for prescriptions filled by retail pharmacies in our networks, and by providing services to drug manufacturers, including administration of discount programs.
Revenues from dispensing prescriptions from our mail pharmacies, which include the co-payment received from members of the health plans we serve, are recorded when prescriptions are shipped. At the time of shipment, our earnings process is complete: the obligation of our customer to pay for the drugs is fixed, and, due to the nature of the product, the member may not return the drugs nor receive a refund.
Revenues related to the sale of prescription drugs by retail pharmacies in our networks consist of the amount the client has contracted to pay us (which excludes the co-payment) for the dispensing of such drugs together with any associated administrative fees. These revenues are recognized when the claim is processed. When we independently have a contractual obligation to pay our network pharmacy providers for benefits provided to our clients members, we act as a principal in the arrangement and we include the total payments we have contracted to receive from these clients as revenue, and payments we make to the network pharmacy providers as cost of revenue in compliance with Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) Issue No. 99-19, Reporting Gross Revenue as a Principal vs. Net as an Agent. When a prescription is presented by a member to a retail pharmacy within our network, we are solely responsible for confirming member eligibility, performing drug utilization review, reviewing for drug-to-drug interactions, performing clinical intervention, which may involve a call to the members physician, communicating plan provisions to the pharmacy, directing payment to the pharmacy and billing the client for the amount they are contractually obligated to pay us for the prescription dispensed, as specified within our client contracts. We also provide benefit design and formulary consultation services to clients. We have separately negotiated contractual relationships with our clients and with network pharmacies, and under our contracts with pharmacies we assume the credit risk of our clients ability to pay for drugs dispensed by these pharmacies to clients members. Our clients are not obligated to pay the pharmacies as we are primarily obligated to pay retail pharmacies in our network the contractually agreed upon amount for the prescription dispensed, as specified within our provider contracts. In addition, under most of our client contracts, we realize a positive or negative margin represented by the difference between the negotiated ingredient costs we will receive from our clients and the separately negotiated ingredient costs we will pay to our network pharmacies. These factors indicate we are a principal as defined by EITF 99-19 and, as such, we record ingredient cost billed to clients in revenue and the corresponding ingredient cost paid to network pharmacies in cost of revenues. In retail pharmacy transactions, amounts paid to pharmacies and amounts billed to clients are always exclusive of the applicable member co-payment. Under our pharmacy agreements, the pharmacy is solely obligated to collect the co-payment from the member. Under our client contracts, we do not assume liability for the member co-payment in retail pharmacy transactions. As such, we do not include member co-payments to retail pharmacies in revenue or cost of revenue.
If we merely administer a clients network pharmacy contracts, to which we are not a party and under which we do not assume credit risk, we record only our administrative fees as revenue. For these clients, we earn an administrative fee for collecting payments from the client and remitting the corresponding amount to the pharmacies in the clients network. In these transactions we act as a conduit for the client. Because we are not the principal in these transactions, drug ingredient cost is not included in our revenues or in our cost of revenues.
We bill our clients based upon the billing schedules established in client contracts. At the end of a period, any unbilled revenues related to the sale of prescription drugs that have been adjudicated with retail pharmacies are estimated based on the amount we will pay to the pharmacies and historical gross margin. Those amounts due from our clients are recorded as revenue as they are contractually due to us for past transactions. Adjustments are made to these estimated revenues to reflect actual billings at the time clients are billed; historically, these adjustments have not been material.
Certain implementation and other fees paid to clients upon the initiation of a contractual agreement are considered an integral part of overall contract pricing and are recorded as a reduction of revenue. Where they are refundable upon early termination of the contract, these payments are capitalized and amortized as a reduction of revenue on a straight-line basis over the life of the contract.
Revenues from our non-PBM segment are derived from specialty distribution services, sample fulfillment and sample accountability services. Revenues earned by our specialty distribution subsidiary (SDS) include administrative fees received from pharmaceutical manufacturers for dispensing or distributing consigned pharmaceuticals requiring special handling or packaging. We also administer sample card programs for certain manufacturers and include the ingredient costs of those drug samples dispensed from retail pharmacies in our SDS revenues, and the associated costs for these sample card programs in cost of revenues. Because manufacturers are independently obligated to pay us and we have an independent contractual obligation to pay our network pharmacy providers for free samples dispensed to patients under sample card programs, we include the total payments from these manufacturers (including ingredient costs) as revenue, and payments to the network pharmacy provider as cost of revenue. These transactions require us to assume credit risk.
Our Phoenix Marketing Group subsidiary (PMG) records an administrative fee for verifying practitioner licensure and then distributing consigned drug samples to doctors based on orders received from pharmaceutical sales representatives.
REBATE RECOGNITION
We administer two rebate programs through which we receive rebates and administrative fees from pharmaceutical manufacturers. Rebates earned for the administration of these programs, performed in conjunction with claim processing and mail pharmacy services provided to clients, are recorded as a reduction of cost of revenue and the portion of the rebate payable to customers is treated as a reduction of revenue. When we earn rebates and administrative fees in conjunction with formulary management services, but do not process the underlying claims, we record rebates received from manufacturers, net of the portion payable to customers, in revenue. We record rebates and administrative fees receivable from the manufacturer and payable to clients when the prescriptions covered under contractual agreements with the manufacturers are dispensed; these amounts are not dependent upon future pharmaceutical sales.
With respect to rebates based on actual market share performance, we estimate rebates and the associated receivable from pharmaceutical manufacturers quarterly based on our estimate of the number of rebatable prescriptions and the rebate per prescription. The portion of rebates payable to clients is estimated quarterly based on historical sharing percentages and our estimate of rebates receivable from pharmaceutical manufacturers. These estimates are adjusted to actual when amounts are received from manufacturers and the portion payable to clients is paid.
With respect to rebates that are not based on market share performance, no estimation is required because the manufacturer billing amounts and the client portion are determinable when the drug is dispensed. We pay all or a contractually agreed upon portion of such rebates to our clients.
COST OF REVENUES
Cost of revenues includes product costs, network pharmacy claims payments and other direct costs associated with dispensing prescriptions, including shipping and handling.
RECEIVABLES
Based on our revenue recognition policies previously discussed, certain claims at the end of a period are unbilled. Revenue and unbilled receivables for those claims are estimated each period based on the amount to be paid to the pharmacies and historical gross margin. Estimates are adjusted to actual at the time of billing. See also the discusion above regarding rebates receivable from pharmaceutical manufacturers. Historically, adjustments to our estimates have been immaterial.
INVENTORIES
Inventories consist of prescription drugs and medical supplies stated at the lower of first-in first-out cost or market.
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
Property and equipment is carried at cost and is depreciated using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives of seven years for furniture, five years for equipment and purchased computer software and three years for certain computer equipment exceeding minimum capitalization levels. Leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease or the useful life of the asset, if shorter. Expenditures for repairs, maintenance and renewals are charged to income as incurred. Expenditures that improve an asset or extend its estimated useful life are capitalized. When properties are retired or otherwise disposed of, the related cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any gain or loss is included in income. Research and development expenditures relating to the development of software are charged to expense until technological feasibility is established. Thereafter, the remaining software production costs, up to the date placed into production, are capitalized and included as Property and Equipment. Amortization of the capitalized amounts commences on the date placed into production, and is computed on a product-by-product basis using the straight-line method over the remaining estimated economic life of the product but not more than five years. We regularly review the useful lives of assets and adjust the remaining lives based on the deployment of new technologies. Reductions, if any, in the carrying value of capitalized software costs to net realizable value are expensed.
OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Other intangible assets include, but are not limited to, customer contracts, non-compete agreements, deferred financing fees, trade names and certain advance discounts paid to clients under contractual agreements. Other intangible assets, excluding trade names, which have an indefinite life, are amortized on a straight-line basis over periods from 2 to 20 years.
IMPAIRMENT OF LONG-LIVED ASSETS
We evaluate whether events and circumstances have occurred that indicate the remaining estimated useful lives of long-lived assets, including other intangible assets, may warrant revision or that the remaining balance of an asset may not be recoverable. The measurement of possible impairment is based on the ability to recover the balance of assets from expected future operating cash flows on an undiscounted basis. Impairment losses, if any, would be determined based on the present value of the cash flows using discount rates reflecting the inherent risk of the underlying business. No such impairment existed as of September 30, 2003 and December 31, 2002. Absent events or circumstances indicating an impairment of goodwill, we perform an annual goodwill impairment test during the fourth quarter.
SELF-INSURANCE RESERVES
We maintain insurance coverage for claims that arise in the normal course of business. Where insurance coverage is not available, or, in our judgment, is not cost-effective, we maintain self-insurance reserves to reduce our exposure to future legal costs, settlements and judgments related to uninsured claims. Self-insured losses are accrued based upon estimates of the aggregate liability for the costs of uninsured claims incurred using certain actuarial assumptions followed in the insurance industry and our historical experience. It is not possible to predict with certainty the outcome of these claims, and we can give no assurances that any losses, in excess of our insurance and any self-insurance reserves, will not be material.
EMPLOYEE STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
We account for employee stock options in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board Statement No. (FAS) 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation, as amended by FAS 148, and Accounting Principles Board No. (APB) 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees. FAS 123 prescribes the recognition of compensation expense based on the fair value of options determined on the grant date. However, FAS 123 grants an exception allowing companies currently applying APB 25 to continue using that method. We have elected to continue applying the intrinsic value method under APB 25. Because we grant options at a price equal to market value at the time of grant, we have not recognized compensation expense for options granted. The following table shows stock-based compensation expense included in net income and pro forma stock-based compensation expense, net income and earnings per share had we elected to record compensation expense based on the estimated fair value of options at the grant date for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2003 and 2002 (see also Note 9):
Three Months Ended September 30, |
Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(in thousands, except per share data) |
2003 |
2002 |
2003 |
2002 | |||||||||||||||||||
Net income, as reported(1) |
$ |
64,542 | $ |
53,442 |
$ |
182,169 |
$ |
146,111 | |||||||||||||||
Less: Employee stock-based | |||||||||||||||||||||||
compensation expense determined | |||||||||||||||||||||||
using fair-value based method for | |||||||||||||||||||||||
stock-based awards, net of tax | 1,819 | 2,293 | 7,146 | 7,587 | |||||||||||||||||||
Pro forma net income | $ | 62,723 | $ | 51,149 | $ | 175,023 | $ | 138,524 | |||||||||||||||
Basic earnings per share | |||||||||||||||||||||||
As reported | $ | 0.82 | $ | 0.69 | $ | 2.33 | $ | 1.87 | |||||||||||||||
Pro forma | 0.80 | 0.66 | 2.25 | 1.78 | |||||||||||||||||||
Diluted earnings per share |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
As reported | $ | 0.81 | $ | 0.67 | $ | 2.29 | $ | 1.83 | |||||||||||||||
Pro forma | 0.79 | 0.64 | 2.20 | 1.74 |
(1) Net income, as reported, includes stock-based compensation expense for the three months ended September 30, 2003 and 2002 of $1,359 ($2,198 pre-tax) and $1,294 ($2,104 pre-tax), respectively, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2003 and 2002 of $3,069 ($4,962 pre-tax) and $3,867 ($6,260 pre-tax), respectively, related to restricted shares of Common Stock awarded to certain of our officers and employees.
NEW ACCOUNTING GUIDANCE
In January 2003, we adopted FAS 143, Asset Retirement Obligations. FAS 143 addresses financial accounting and reporting for obligations associated with the retirement of tangible long-lived assets and the associated asset retirement costs. FAS 143 requires the capitalization of the fair value of any legal or contractual obligations associated with the retirement of tangible, long-lived assets in the period in which the liabilities are incurred and the capitalization of a corresponding amount as part of the book value of the related long-lived asset. In subsequent periods, we are required to adjust asset retirement obligations based on changes in estimated fair value, and the corresponding increases in asset book values will be depreciated over the useful life of the related asset. As required by FAS 143, we recorded an asset retirement obligation ($3,071,000 at January 1, 2003) primarily related to equipment and leasehold improvements installed in leased mail-order facilities in which we have a contractual obligation to remove the improvements and equipment upon surrender of the property to the landlord. For certain of our leased facilities, we are required to remove equipment and convert the facilities back to office space. We also recorded a net increase in fixed assets (net of accumulated depreciation) of $1,408,000 and a $1,663,000 ($1,028,000, net of taxes) loss from the cumulative effect of change in accounting principle. The $1,408,000 asset will be depreciated, on a straight-line basis, over the remaining term of the leases, which range from seven months to ten years.
In April 2002, FAS 145, Rescission of FASB Statements No. 4, 44, and 64, Amendment of FASB Statement No. 13, and Technical Corrections, was issued. In rescinding FAS 4, Reporting Gains and Losses from Extinguishment of Debt, and FAS 64 Extinguishments of Debt Made to Satisfy Sinking-Fund Requirements, FAS 145 eliminates the required classification of gains and losses from extinguishment of debt as extraordinary. We adopted this provision of FAS 145 in January 2003. During 2003, we repurchased $35,430,000 of our outstanding Senior Notes and prepaid $75,000,000 of our Term B notes. As a result, we wrote-off deferred financing fees of $1,270,000 and incurred a charge of $3,897,000 representing a premium on the purchase of the Senior Notes in 2003. The write-off of deferred financing fees and the premium on the repurchase of the Senior notes have been recorded as increases in interest expense. Losses on debt prepayments for periods prior to January 2003 have been reclassified to conform to the presentation required by FAS 145. Implementation of FAS 145 did not have an impact on our consolidated financial position, consolidated results of operations or our consolidated cash flows.
In July 2002, FAS 146, Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities, which deals with issues on the accounting for costs associated with a disposal activity, was issued. FAS 146 nullifies the guidance in EITF 94-3, Liability Recognition for Certain Employee Termination Benefits and Other Costs to Exit an Activity (including Certain Costs Incurred in a Restructuring) by prohibiting liability recognition based on a commitment to an exit/disposal plan. Under FAS 146, exit/disposal costs will be expensed as incurred. We adopted the provisions of FAS 146 effective January 2003. Adoption has not had an impact on our consolidated financial position, consolidated results of operations or our consolidated cash flows.
In September 2002, EITF 02-16, Accounting by a Reseller for Cash Consideration Received from a Vendor was issued. Under this pronouncement, any consideration received from a vendor is presumed to be a reduction of the prices of the vendors products and should, therefore, be characterized as a reduction of cost of sales. EITF 02-16 applies to rebates and to administrative fees received from pharmaceutical manufacturers for collecting, processing and reporting drug utilization data, for monitoring formulary compliance and for calculating and distributing rebates to those of our clients for whom our PBM services includes the claim processing function. Prior to our adoption of EITF 02-16, we recorded rebates, net of the amount paid to our clients, and manufacturer administrative fees as components of revenue. The transition provisions of EITF 02-16 require implementation of this pronouncement for new arrangements, including modifications of existing arrangements, entered into after December 31, 2002. Early application is permitted as of the beginning of periods for which financial statements have not been issued and prior period reclassification is allowed to the extent there is no impact on net income. The application of the provisions of EITF 02-16 does not change our consolidated net income, consolidated gross profit, consolidated financial position or our consolidated cash flows. Therefore, we adopted the provisions of EITF 02-16 during fiscal 2002, earlier than required. As a result of the adoption, our revenues for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2002 have been reduced by $238,740,000, and $671,901,000, respectively, to conform to the presentation for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2003. This amount represents the gross rebates and administrative fees received from manufacturers. Cost of revenues, for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2002, has been reduced by the same amount. Our clients portion of such rebates and administrative fees, a majority of this amount, has been and will continue to be recorded as a reduction of revenue. Consolidated net income and consolidated gross profit for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2002 was not impacted as a result of the adoption of EITF 02-16.
On December 19, 2002, we entered into an agreement with Managed Pharmacy Benefits, Inc. (MPB) under which we acquired certain assets from MPB for approximately $11,063,000 in cash, plus the assumption of certain liabilities, and entered into an outsourcing arrangement with respect to MPBs operations. MPB is a St. Louis-based PBM and subsidiary of Medicine Shoppe International, Inc., a franchisor of apothecary-style retail pharmacies, owned by Cardinal Health, Inc. The transaction was accounted for under the provisions of FAS 141, Business Combinations. The purchase price has been preliminarily allocated based upon the estimated fair value of net assets acquired at the date of the acquisition. A portion of the excess of the purchase price over tangible net assets acquired has been preliminarily allocated to customer contracts in the amount of $2,526,000. This asset is included in other intangible assets on the balance sheet and is being amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of 20 years. In addition, the excess of the purchase price over tangible net assets and identified intangible assets acquired has been preliminarily allocated to goodwill in the amount of $15,105,000, which is not being amortized. The transaction was structured as a purchase of assets, making amortization expense of intangible assets, including goodwill, tax deductible.
On April 12, 2002, we completed the acquisition of National Prescription Administrators and certain affiliated entities (collectively NPA), a privately held full-service PBM, for a purchase price of approximately $466 million, which includes the issuance of 552,000 shares of our common stock (fair value of $26.4 million upon the transaction announcement date), transaction costs and a working capital purchase price adjustment of $46.8 million received during the third and fourth quarters of 2002. The transaction was accounted for under the provisions of FAS 141. The purchase price has been allocated based upon the estimated fair value of net assets acquired at the date of the acquisition. A portion of the excess of the purchase price over tangible net assets acquired has been allocated to intangible assets consisting of customer contracts in the amount of $76,290,000 and non-competition agreements in the amount of $2,860,000, which are being amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of 20 years and five years, respectively. These assets are classified as other intangible assets. In addition, the excess of the purchase price over tangible net assets and identified intangible assets acquired has been allocated to goodwill in the amount of $438,525,000 which is not being amortized. During the second quarter of 2003 we finalized the allocation of the purchase price to tangible and intangible net assets resulting in a $39.7 million increase in goodwill. The increase in goodwill reflects adjustments to true-up opening balance sheet receivables, liabilities, and to adjust fixed assets to fair market value. The acquisition of NPA was funded with the proceeds of a new $325 million Term B loan facility, $78 million of cash on hand, the issuance of 552,000 shares of our common stock (fair value of $26.4 million upon the transaction announcement date), and $25 million in borrowings under our revolving credit facility. We have filed an Internal Revenue Code Section 338(h)(10) election, making amortization expense of intangible assets, including goodwill, tax deductible.
On February 25, 2002, we purchased substantially all of the assets utilized in the operation of Phoenix Marketing Group (Holdings), Inc.(Phoenix), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Access Worldwide Communications, Inc., for $34.1 million in cash, including acquisition-related costs, plus the assumption of certain liabilities. The acquisition has been accounted for under the provisions of FAS 141. The purchase price has been allocated based upon the estimated fair value of net assets acquired at the date of the acquisition. A portion of the excess of purchase price over tangible net assets acquired has been allocated to intangible assets, consisting of customer contracts in the amount of $4,000,000 and non-competition agreements in the amount of $180,000, which are being amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of eight years and four years, respectively, and a trade name in the amount of $1,700,000, which is not being amortized. These assets are included in other intangible assets. In addition, the excess of purchase price over tangible net assets and identified intangible assets acquired was allocated to goodwill in the amount of $22,136,000, which is not being amortized. The transaction was structured as a purchase of assets, making amortization expense of intangible assets, including goodwill, tax deductible.
The following unaudited pro forma information presents a summary of our combined results of operations and those of NPA and PMG as if the acquisitions had occurred at the beginning of the period presented, along with certain pro forma adjustments to give effect to amortization of other intangible assets, interest expense on acquisition debt and other adjustments. The following pro forma financial information is not necessarily indicative of the results of operations as they would have been had the transaction been effected on the assumed date, nor is it an indication of trends in future results (in thousands, except per share data):
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2002 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total revenues | $ | 9,551,161 | |||
Net income | 148,212 | ||||
Basic earnings per share | 1.90 | ||||
Diluted earnings per share | 1.85 |
Included in receivables, net, as of September 30, 2003 and December 31, 2002, is an allowance for doubtful accounts of $34,122,000 and $35,822,000, respectively.
As of September 30, 2003 and December 31, 2002, unbilled receivables were $542,356,000 and $547,686,000, respectively. Unbilled receivables are billed to clients typically within 30 days of the transaction date based on the contractual billing schedule agreed upon with the client.
During 2002, the estimated useful lives of certain computer equipment and software associated with our legacy computer systems were shortened due to the continued progress of our integration to one point-of-sale claim adjudication platform. This change in the estimated useful lives increased depreciation and amortization expense by $23,310,000 during the first nine months of 2002, of which, $18,360,000 was included in selling, general and administrative expenses.
The following is a summary of our goodwill and other intangible assets (amounts in thousands).
September 30, 2003 | December 31, 2002 | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gross Carrying Amount |
Accumulated Amortization |
Gross Carrying Amount |
Accumulated Amortization | ||||||||||||
Goodwill | |||||||||||||||
PBM (1) | $ | 1,505,261 | $ | 106,815 | $ | 1,462,869 | $ | 106,569 | |||||||
Non-PBM | 22,136 | - | 22,136 | - | |||||||||||
$ | 1,527,397 | $ | 106,815 | $ | 1,485,005 | $ | 106,569 | ||||||||
Other intangible assets | |||||||||||||||
PBM | |||||||||||||||
Customer contracts | $ | 264,592 | $ | 67,127 | $ | 263,490 | $ | 57,991 | |||||||
Other (2) | 65,188 | 31,908 | 63,166 | 22,980 | |||||||||||
329,780 | 99,035 | 326,656 | 80,971 | ||||||||||||
Non-PBM | |||||||||||||||
Customer contracts | 4,000 | 792 | 4,000 | 417 | |||||||||||
Other | 1,880 | 71 | 1,880 | 37 | |||||||||||
5,880 | 863 | 5,880 | 454 | ||||||||||||
Total other intangible assets | $ | 335,660 | $ | 99,898 | $ | 332,536 | $ | 81,425 | |||||||
(1) | During the second quarter of 2003, we finalized the allocation of the NPA purchase price to tangible and intangible net assets resulting in a $39.7 million increase in goodwill (See Note 2). Changes in goodwill and accumulated amortization from December 31, 2002 to September 30, 2003 are also a result of changes in foreign currency exchange rates. |
(2) | Gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization at September 30, 2003 and December 31, 2002 excludes cumulative deferred financing fee, pre-tax write-offs of $16,959,000 and $15,689,000, respectively. Deferred financing fees are amortized over the term of the related debt and are written off in conjunction with debt prepayments. |
The aggregate amount of amortization expense of other intangible assets was $5,744,000 and $5,095,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2003 and 2002, respectively, and $18,915,000 and $14,319,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2003 and 2002, respectively. The future aggregate amount of amortization expense of other intangible assets is $6,004,000 for 2003, $23,961,000 for 2004, $22,981,000 for 2005, $17,402,000 for 2006, and $14,700,000 for 2007. The weighted average amortization period of intangible assets subject to amortization is 17 years in total, and by major intangible class is 20 years for customer contracts and six years for other intangible assets.
Basic earnings per share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed in the same manner as basic earnings per share but adds the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding for the period if the dilutive potential common shares had been issued. The following is the reconciliation between the number of weighted average shares used in the basic and diluted earnings per share calculation for all periods (amounts in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30, |
Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2003 |
2002 |
2003 |
2002 | |||||||||||
Weighted average number of common shares | ||||||||||||||
outstanding during the period - Basic EPS | 78,666 | 77,829 | 78,197 | 77,962 | ||||||||||
Outstanding stock options | 1,149 | 1,379 | 1,018 | 1,583 | ||||||||||
Executive deferred compensation plan | 51 | 37 | 50 | 35 | ||||||||||
Restricted stock awards | 157 | 204 | 136 | 206 | ||||||||||
Weighted average number of common shares | ||||||||||||||
outstanding during the period - Diluted EPS | 80,023 | 79,449 | 79,401 | 79,786 | ||||||||||
The above shares are all calculated under the treasury stock method in accordance with FAS 128, Earnings Per Share.
During 2003 we repurchased $35,430,000 of our Senior Notes on the open market for $40,691,000, which includes $1,364,000 of accrued interest and a premium of $3,897,000 which was recorded in interest expense. During the first nine months of 2003, we also prepaid $75,000,000 of our Term B loan facility. At September 30, 2003, the Term B loans have a remaining maturity of five years with $19,250,000 maturing in 2007 and $230,750,000 maturing in 2008. As a result of the repurchase of Senior Notes and the prepayment on the Term B loans in 2003, we recorded in interest expense, pre-tax charges of $1,270,000 in the first nine months of 2003 from the write-off of deferred financing fees.
We use interest rate swap agreements to manage our interest rate risk on future variable interest payments. At September 30, 2003, we have one swap agreement to fix the variable interest rate payments on approximately $60 million of our debt under our credit facility. Under our swap agreement, we agree to receive a variable rate of interest on the notional principal amount of approximately $60 million based upon a three month LIBOR rate in exchange for payment of a fixed rate of 6.25% per annum. The notional principal amount will decrease to $20 million in April 2004 and matures in April 2005.
Our present interest rate swap agreement is a cash flow hedge which requires us to pay fixed rates of interest, and which hedges against changes in the amount of future cash flows associated with variable interest obligations. Accordingly, the fair value of our swap agreement, $3,263,000, pre-tax, at September 30, 2003, is reported on the balance sheet in other liabilities. The related deferred loss on our swap agreement, $2,040,000, net of taxes, at September 30, 2003, is deferred in shareholders equity as a component of other comprehensive income. This deferred loss is then recognized as an adjustment to interest expense over the same period in which the related interest payments being hedged are recorded in income. The loss associated with the ineffective portion of this agreement is immediately recognized in income. For the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2003 and 2002, the gains and losses on the ineffective portion of our swap agreement were not material to the consolidated financial statements.
We apply APB 25 and related interpretations in accounting for our stock-based compensation plans. Accordingly, compensation cost has been recorded based upon the intrinsic value method of accounting for restricted stock and no compensation cost has been recognized for stock options granted as the exercise price of the options was not less than the fair market value of the shares at the time of grant. If compensation cost for stock option grants had been determined based on the fair value at the grant dates consistent with the method prescribed by FAS 123, our net income and earnings per share for the three months ended September 30, 2003 and 2002 would have been $62,723,000, or $0.79 per diluted share and $51,149,000 or $0.64 per diluted share, respectively, and our net income and earnings per share for the nine months ended September 30, 2003 and 2002 would have been $175,023,000 or $2.20 per diluted share and $138,524,000 or $1.74 per diluted share, respectively (see also Note 1).
The fair value of options granted (which is amortized over the option-vesting period in determining the pro forma impact) is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes multiple option-pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions:
Three Months Ended September 30,
|
Nine Months Ended September 30,
| |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2003 |
2002 |
2003 |
2002 | |||
Expected life of option | 3-5 years | 3-5 years | 3-10 years | 3-5 years | ||
Risk-free interest rate | 2.14%-3.07% | 1.33%-2.72% | 1.23%-3.71% | 1.22%-4.29% | ||
Expected volatility of stock | 53% | 54% | 53% | 54% | ||
Expected dividend yield | None | None | None | None |
A summary of the status of our fixed stock option plans as of September 30, 2003 and 2002, and changes during the periods ending on those dates are presented below.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2003 |
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2002 | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(share data in thousands) |
Shares |
Weighted- Average Exercise Price |
Shares |
Weighted- Average Exercise Price | ||||||||||
Outstanding at beginning of year | 5,594 | $ | 31.50 | 5,992 | $ | 26 | .26 | |||||||
Granted | 99 | $ | 65.18 | 283 | $ | 53 | .57 | |||||||
Exercised | (1,516 | ) | $ | 22.50 | (860 | ) | $ | 21 | .14 | |||||
Forfeited/Cancelled | (56 | ) | $ | 42.37 | (90 | ) | $ | 32 | .77 | |||||
Outstanding at end of period | 4,121 | $ | 35.47 | 5,325 | $ | 28 | .43 | |||||||
Options exercisable at period end | 2,099 | 2,684 | ||||||||||||
Weighted-average fair value of | ||||||||||||||
options granted during the year | $ | 31.24 | $ | 23.57 | ||||||||||
The following table summarizes information about fixed stock options outstanding at September 30, 2003:
Options Outstanding |
Options Exercisable | ||||||||||||||||
Range of Exercise Prices (share data in thousands) |
Number Outstanding at 6/30/03 |
Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life |
Weighted-Average Exercise Price |
Number Exercisable at 6/30/03 |
Weighted- Average Exercise Price | ||||||||||||
$ | 5.38 - 19.31 | 702 | 4.03 | $ | 16.32 | 672 | $ | 16.18 | |||||||||
19.47 - 27.56 | 792 | 5.19 | 26.27 | 479 | 26.24 | ||||||||||||
28.22 - 39.24 | 1,240 | 5.19 | 36.39 | 670 | 34.98 | ||||||||||||
40.19 - 47.95 | 996 | 5.20 | 47.11 | 168 | 45.62 | ||||||||||||
48.34 - 71.45 | 391 | 5.63 | 55.95 | 110 | 52.71 | ||||||||||||
$ | 5.38 - 71.45 | 4,121 | 5.04 | $ | 35.47 | 2,099 | $ | 28.75 | |||||||||
Our Senior Notes are unconditionally and jointly and severally guaranteed by our wholly-owned domestic subsidiaries other than Great Plains Reinsurance Co., ValueRx of Michigan, Inc., Diversified NY IPA, Inc., and Diversified Pharmaceutical Services (Puerto Rico), Inc. The following condensed consolidating financial information has been prepared in accordance with the requirements for presentation of such information. We believe this information, presented in lieu of complete financial statements for each of the guarantor subsidiaries, provides sufficient detail to allow investors to determine the nature of the assets held by, and the operations of, each of the consolidating groups. During 2002, PMG was established to acquire the assets of Phoenix. Subsequent to the acquisition on February 25, 2002, the assets, liabilities and operations of PMG have been included in those of the guarantors. In addition, subsequent to the acquisition of NPA on April 12, 2002, the assets, liabilities and operations of NPA have been included in those of the guarantors.
Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheet |
|||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(in thousands) |
Express Scripts, Inc. |
Guarantors |
Non-Guarantors |
Eliminations |
Consolidated | ||||||||||||
As of September 30, 2003 | |||||||||||||||||
Current assets | $ | 1,068,058 | $ | 350,218 | $ | 26,965 | $ | - | $ | 1,445,241 | |||||||
Property and equipment, net | 103,714 | 65,190 | 4,212 | - | 173,116 | ||||||||||||
Investments in subsidiaries | 1,722,494 | 1,152,025 | - | (2,874,519 | ) | - | |||||||||||
Intercompany | 769,058 | (724,155 | ) | (44,903 | ) | - | - | ||||||||||
Goodwill, net | 241,457 | 1,161,512 | 17,613 | - | 1,420,582 | ||||||||||||
Other intangible assets, net | 62,357 | 164,248 | 9,157 | - | 235,762 | ||||||||||||
Other assets | 18,259 | 2,060 | (229 | ) | - | 20,090 | |||||||||||
Total assets | $ | 3,985,397 | $ | 2,171,098 | $ | 12,815 | $ | (2,874,519 | ) | $ | 3,294,791 | ||||||
Current liabilities | $ | 486,923 | $ | 1,041,776 | $ | 8,290 | $ | - | $ | 1,536,989 | |||||||
Long-term debt | 455,089 | - | - | - | 455,089 | ||||||||||||
Other liabilities | 120,237 | 5,057 | (834 | ) | - | 124,460 | |||||||||||
Stockholders' equity | 2,923,148 | 1,124,265 | 5,359 | (2,874,519 | ) | 1,178,253 | |||||||||||
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | $ | 3,985,397 | $ | 2,171,098 | $ | 12,815 | $ | (2,874,519 | ) | $ | 3,294,791 | ||||||
As of December 31, 2002 | |||||||||||||||||
Current assets | $ | 948,288 | $ | 427,890 | $ | 17,643 | $ | - | $ | 1,393,821 | |||||||
Property and equipment, net | 117,086 | 49,561 | 2,326 | - | 168,973 | ||||||||||||
Investments in subsidiaries | 1,664,602 | 1,176,251 | - | (2,840,853 | ) | - | |||||||||||
Intercompany | 823,318 | (787,102 | ) | (36,216 | ) | - | - | ||||||||||
Goodwill, net | 241,457 | 1,121,863 | 15,116 | - | 1,378,436 | ||||||||||||
Other intangible assets, net | 70,755 | 171,833 | 8,523 | - | 251,111 | ||||||||||||
Other assets | 14,764 | (358 | ) | 245 | - | 14,651 | |||||||||||
Total assets | $ | 3,880,270 | $ | 2,159,938 | $ | 7,637 | $ | (2,840,853 | ) | $ | 3,206,992 | ||||||
Current liabilities | $ | 394,224 | $ | 1,144,827 | $ | 4,706 | $ | - | $ | 1,543,757 | |||||||
Long-term debt | 562,556 | - | - | - | 562,556 | ||||||||||||
Other liabilities | 58,777 | 39,264 | (217 | ) | - | 97,824 | |||||||||||
Stockholders' equity | 2,864,713 | 975,847 | 3,148 | (2,840,853 | ) | 1,002,855 | |||||||||||
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | $ | 3,880,270 | $ | 2,159,938 | $ | 7,637 | $ | (2,840,853 | ) | $ | 3,206,992 | ||||||
Condensed Consolidating Statement of Operations |
|
|
|
| |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(in thousands) |
Express Scripts, Inc. |
Guarantors |
Non-Guarantors |
Eliminations |
Consolidated | ||||||||||||
Three months ended September 30, 2003 | |||||||||||||||||
Total revenues | $ | 1,814,737 | $ | 1,428,504 | $ | 5,361 | $ | - | $ | 3,248,602 | |||||||
Operating expenses | 1,782,141 | 1,348,622 | 4,348 | - | 3,135,111 | ||||||||||||
Operating income | 32,596 | 79,882 | 1,013 | - | 113,491 | ||||||||||||
Undistributed loss from joint venture | (1,436 | ) | - | - | - | (1,436 | ) | ||||||||||
Interest (expense) income, net | (8,839 | ) | 1,034 | 131 | - | (7,674 | ) | ||||||||||
Income before income taxes | 22,321 | 80,916 | 1,144 | - | 104,381 | ||||||||||||
Income tax provision | 8,655 | 30,899 | 285 | - | 39,839 | ||||||||||||
Net income | $ | 13,666 | $ | 50,017 | $ | 859 | $ | - | $ | 64,542 | |||||||
Three months ended September 30, 2002 | |||||||||||||||||
Total revenues | $ | 1,483,558 | $ | 1,699,590 | $ | 4,310 | $ | - | $ | 3,187,458 | |||||||
Operating expenses | 1,442,642 | 1,641,669 | 3,847 | - | 3,088,158 | ||||||||||||
Operating income | 40,916 | 57,921 | 463 | - | 99,300 | ||||||||||||
Undistributed loss from joint venture | (1,224 | ) | - | - | - | (1,224 | ) | ||||||||||
Interest (expense) income, net | (11,514 | ) | 269 | 81 | - | (11,164 | ) | ||||||||||
Income before income taxes | 28,178 | 58,190 | 544 | - | 86,912 | ||||||||||||
Income tax provision | 10,758 | 22,645 | 67 | - | 33,470 | ||||||||||||
Net income | $ | 17,420 | $ | 35,545 | $ | 477 | $ | - | $ | 53,442 | |||||||
Nine months ended September 30, 2003 | |||||||||||||||||
Total revenues | $ | 5,061,884 | $ | 4,729,297 | $ | 15,599 | $ | - | $ | 9,806,780 | |||||||
Operating expenses | 4,973,509 | 4,488,463 | 13,210 | - | 9,475,182 | ||||||||||||
Operating income | 88,375 | 240,834 | 2,389 | - | 331,598 | ||||||||||||
Undistributed loss from joint venture | (4,520 | ) | - | - | - | (4,520 | ) | ||||||||||
Interest (expense) income, net | (32,995 | ) | 1,796 | 372 | - | (30,827 | ) | ||||||||||
Income before income taxes | 50,860 | 242,630 | 2,761 | - | 296,251 | ||||||||||||
Income tax provision | 19,722 | 92,781 | 551 | - | 113,054 | ||||||||||||
Income before cumulative effect of | |||||||||||||||||
change in accounting principle | 31,138 | 149,849 | 2,210 | - | 183,197 | ||||||||||||
Cumulative effect of change in accounting | |||||||||||||||||
principle, net of tax | - | (1,028 | ) | - | - | (1,028 | ) | ||||||||||
Net income | $ | 31,138 | $ | 148,821 | $ | 2,210 | $ | - | $ | 182,169 | |||||||
Nine months ended September 30, 2002 | |||||||||||||||||
Total revenues | $ | 4,551,496 | $ | 4,346,446 | $ | 8,062 | $ | - | $ | 8,906,004 | |||||||
Operating expenses | 4,416,726 | 4,210,011 | 10,904 | - | 8,637,641 | ||||||||||||
Operating income (loss) | 134,770 | 136,435 | (2,842 | ) | - | 268,363 | |||||||||||
Undistributed loss from joint venture | (3,294 | ) | - | - | - | (3,294 | ) | ||||||||||
Interest (expense) income, net | (29,219 | ) | 471 | 181 | - | (28,567 | ) | ||||||||||
Income (loss) before income taxes | 102,257 | 136,906 | (2,661 | ) | - | 236,502 | |||||||||||
Income tax provision (benefit) | 39,141 | 52,640 | (1,390 | ) | - | 90,391 | |||||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 63,116 | $ | 84,266 | $ | (1,271 | ) | $ | - | $ | 146,111 | ||||||
Condensed Consolidating Statement of Cash Flows |
|||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(in thousands) |
Express Scripts, Inc. |
Guarantors |
Non-Guarantors |
Eliminations |
Consolidated | ||||||||||||
Nine months ended September 30, 2003 | |||||||||||||||||
Net cash provided by (used in) | |||||||||||||||||
Operating activities | $ | 196,007 | $ | 88,374 | $ | (2,985 | ) | $ | - | $ | 281,396 | ||||||
Cash flows from investing activities: | |||||||||||||||||
Purchase of property and equipment | (6,193 | ) | (24,031 | ) | (1,788 | ) | - | ) | (32,012 | ) | |||||||
Acquisitions and joint venture | 520 | 3,040 | - | - | 3,560 | ||||||||||||
Other | 15 | - | - | - | 15 | ||||||||||||
Net cash used in investing activities | (5,658 | ) | (20,991 | ) | (1,788 | ) | - | (28,437 | ) | ||||||||
Cash flows from financing activities: | |||||||||||||||||
Repayment of long-term debt, net | (110,430 | ) | - | - | - | (110,430 | ) | ||||||||||
Treasury stock acquired | (79,073 | ) | - | - | - | (79,073 | ) | ||||||||||
Net proceeds from employee stock plans | 35,908 | - | - | - | 35,908 | ||||||||||||
Net transaction with parent | 34,653 | (38,721 | ) | 4,068 | - | - | |||||||||||
Net cash (used in) provided by | |||||||||||||||||
Financing activities | (118,942 | ) | (38,721 | ) | 4,068 | - | (153,595 | ) | |||||||||
Effect of foreign currency | |||||||||||||||||
Translation adjustment | - | - | 2,292 | - | 2,292; | ||||||||||||
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents | 71,407 | 28,662 | 1,587 | - | 101,656 | ||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning | |||||||||||||||||
of the period | 278,191 | (101,640 | ) | 14,103 | - | 190,654 | |||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at end | |||||||||||||||||
of the period | $ | 349,598 | $ | (72,978 | ) | $ | 15,690 | $ | - | $ | 292,310 | ||||||
Condensed Consolidating Statement of Cash Flows |
|||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(in thousands) |
Express Scripts, Inc. |
Guarantors |
Non-Guarantors |
Eliminations |
Consolidated | ||||||||||||
Nine months ended September 30, 2002 | |||||||||||||||||
Net cash provided by (used in) | |||||||||||||||||
operating activities | $ | 95,922 | $ | 197,922 | $ | (6,880 | ) | $ | - | $ | 286,964 | ||||||
Cash flows from investing activities: | |||||||||||||||||
Purchase of property and equipment | (32,123 | ) | 1,027 | (1,376 | ) | - | (32,472 | ) | |||||||||
Acquisitions and joint venture | 444 | (497,673 | ) | - | - | (497,229 | ) | ||||||||||
Other | 655 | - | - | - | 655 | ||||||||||||
Net cash used in investing activities | (31,024 | ) | (496,646 | ) | (1,376 | ) | - | (529,046 | ) | ||||||||
Cash flows from financing activities: | |||||||||||||||||
Proceeds from long-term debt | 425,000 | - | - | - | 425,000 | ||||||||||||
Repayment of long-term debt | (150,000 | ) | - | - | - | (150,000 | ) | ||||||||||
Treasury stock acquired | (66,840 | ) | - | - | - | (66,840 | ) | ||||||||||
Proceeds from employee stock plans | 21,700 | - | - | - | 21,700 | ||||||||||||
Net transaction with parent | (330,538 | ) | 319,474 | 11,064 | - | - | |||||||||||
Other | (3,885 | ) | - | - | - | (3,885 | ) | ||||||||||
Net cash (used in) provided by | |||||||||||||||||
financing activities | (104,563 | ) | 319,474 | 11,064 | - | 225,975 | |||||||||||
Effect of foreign currency | |||||||||||||||||
translation adjustment | - | - | (10 | ) | - | (10 | ) | ||||||||||
Net increase (decrease) in cash and | |||||||||||||||||
cash equivalents | (39,665 | ) | 20,750 | 2,798 | - | (16,117 | ) | ||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning | |||||||||||||||||
of the period | 272,891 | (102,163 | ) | 6,987 | - | 177,715 | |||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at end | |||||||||||||||||
of the period | $ | 233,226 | $ | (81,413 | ) | $ | 9,785 | $ | - | $ | 161,598 | ||||||
We are organized on the basis of services offered and have determined that we have two reportable segments: PBM and non-PBM. We manage the pharmacy benefit within an operating segment that encompasses a fully integrated PBM service. The remaining three operating segments SDS, PMG and Specialty self-injectibles have been aggregated into a non-PBM reporting segment.
The following table presents income statement information about our reportable segments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2003 and 2002:
(in thousands) |
PBM |
Non-PBM |
Total | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Three months ended September 30, 2003 | |||||||||||
Product revenues | |||||||||||
Network revenues | $ | 2,201,301 | $ | - | $ | 2,201,301 | |||||
Mail revenues | 969,170 | - | 969,170 | ||||||||
Other revenues | - | 37,127 | 37,127 | ||||||||
Service revenues | 14,922 | 26,082 | 41,004 | ||||||||
Total revenues | 3,185,393 | 63,209 | 3,248,602 | ||||||||
Income before income taxes | 96,339 | 8,042 | 104,381 | ||||||||
Three months ended September 30, 2002 | |||||||||||
Product revenues | |||||||||||
Network revenues | $ | 2,180,451 | $ | - | $ | 2,180,451 | |||||
Mail revenues | 941,259 | - | 941,259 | ||||||||
Other revenues | - | 19,166 | 19,166 | ||||||||
Service revenues | 22,150 | 24,432 | 46,582 | ||||||||
Total revenues | 3,143,860 | 43,598 | 3,187,458 | ||||||||
Income before income taxes | 79,223 | 7,689 | 86,912 | ||||||||
Nine months ended September 30, 2003 | |||||||||||
Product revenues | |||||||||||
Network revenues | $ | 6,692,820 | $ | - | $ | 6,692,820 | |||||
Mail revenues | 2,881,916 | - | 2,881,916 | ||||||||
Other revenues | - | 98,012 | 98,012 | ||||||||
Service revenues | 51,520 | 82,512 | 134,032 | ||||||||
Total revenues | 9,626,256 | 180,524 | 9,806,780 | ||||||||
Income before income taxes | 267,932 | 28,319 | 296,251 | ||||||||
Nine months ended September 30, 2002 | |||||||||||
Product revenues | |||||||||||
Network revenues | $ | 6,108,894 | $ | - | $ | 6,108,894 | |||||
Mail revenues | 2,620,793 | - | 2,620,793 | ||||||||
Other revenues | - | 49,527 | 49,527 | ||||||||
Service revenues | 61,594 | 65,196 | 126,790 | ||||||||
Total revenues | 8,791,281 | 114,723 | 8,906,004 | ||||||||
Income before income taxes | 215,618 | 20,884 | 236,502 |
Product revenue consists of revenues from the dispensing of prescription drugs from our mail pharmacies and revenues from the sale of prescription drugs by retail pharmacies in our retail pharmacy networks. Service revenue includes administrative fees associated with the administration of retail pharmacy networks contracted by certain clients, market research programs, informed decision counseling services, a portion of SDS services, and sample accountability and distribution services by PMG.
The following table presents balance sheet information for our reportable segments as of the following balance sheet dates:
(in thousands) |
PBM |
Non-PBM |
Total | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total assets | |||||||||||
September 30, 2003 | $ | 3,176,924 | $ | 117,867 | $ | 3,294,791 | |||||
December 31, 2002 | 3,100,005 | 106,987 | 3,206,992 |
In this Item 2, we, us, our and the Company refer to Express Scripts, Inc. and its subsidiaries, unless the context indicates otherwise. Information included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and information that may be contained in other filings by us with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and releases issued or statements made by us, contain or may contain forward-looking statements, including but not limited to statements of our plans, objectives, expectations or intentions. Such forward-looking statements necessarily involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ significantly from those projected or suggested in any forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause such differences to occur include, but are not limited to:
See the more comprehensive description of risk factors under the captions Forward Looking Statements and Associated Risks contained in Item 1 Business of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002. We do not undertake any obligation to release publicly any revisions to such forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date hereof or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.
We are one of the largest full-service pharmacy benefit management (PBM) companies in North America. We provide health care management and administration services on behalf of clients which include health maintenance organizations, health insurers, third-party administrators, employers and union-sponsored benefit plans. Our fully integrated PBM services include network claims processing, mail pharmacy services, benefit design consultation, drug utilization review, formulary management, disease management, medical and drug data analysis services, medical information management services, and informed decision counseling services through our Express Health LineSM division. We also provide non-PBM services which include distribution of specialty pharmaceuticals through our Express Scripts Specialty Distribution Services subsidiary (SDS), sampling and accountability services through our Phoenix Marketing Group subsidiary (PMG) and distribution of self-injectible prescriptions (self-injectibles) through our specialty self-injectibles division.
We derive our revenues primarily from the sale of PBM services in the United States and Canada. Tangible product revenue consists of revenues from the dispensing of prescription drugs from our mail pharmacies and revenues from the sale of prescription drugs by retail pharmacies in our retail pharmacy networks. Service revenue includes administrative fees associated with the administration of retail pharmacy networks contracted by certain clients, market research programs, informed decision counseling services, SDS services, and sampling services by our PMG subsidiary. Tangible product revenue represented 98.7% and 98.6% of our total revenues for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2003, respectively, as compared to 98.5% and 98.6%, respectively, for the same periods last year.
The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis based on a combination of historical information and various other assumptions believed to be reasonable under the particular circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates based on different assumptions or conditions. We believe certain of the accounting policies that most impact our consolidated financial statements and that require our management to make difficult, subjective or complex judgments are described below. This should be read in conjunction with Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and with the notes to the consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002, filed with the SEC on April 1, 2003.
REVENUE RECOGNITION
Revenues from our PBM segment are earned by dispensing prescriptions from our mail pharmacies, processing claims for prescriptions filled by retail pharmacies in our networks, and by providing services to drug manufacturers, including administration of discount programs.
Revenues from dispensing prescriptions from our mail pharmacies, which include the co-payment received from members of the health plans we serve, are recorded when prescriptions are shipped. At the time of shipment, our earnings process is complete: the obligation of our customer to pay for the drugs is fixed, and, due to the nature of the product, the member may not return the drugs nor receive a refund.
Revenues related to the sale of prescription drugs by retail pharmacies in our networks consist of the amount the client has contracted to pay us (which excludes the co-payment) for the dispensing of such drugs together with any associated administrative fees. These revenues are recognized when the claim is processed. When we independently have a contractual obligation to pay our network pharmacy providers for benefits provided to our clients members, we act as a principal in the arrangement and we include the total payments we have contracted to receive from these clients as revenue, and payments we make to the network pharmacy providers as cost of revenue in compliance with Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) Issue No. 99-19, Reporting Gross Revenue as a Principal vs. Net as an Agent. When a prescription is presented by a member to a retail pharmacy within our network, we are solely responsible for confirming member eligibility, performing drug utilization review, reviewing for drug-to-drug interactions, performing clinical intervention, which may involve a call to the members physician, communicating plan provisions to the pharmacy, directing payment to the pharmacy and billing the client for the amount they are contractually obligated to pay us for the prescription dispensed, as specified within our client contracts. We also provide benefit design and formulary consultation services to clients. We have separately negotiated contractual relationships with our clients and with network pharmacies, and under our contracts with pharmacies we assume the credit risk of our clients ability to pay for drugs dispensed by these pharmacies to clients members. Our clients are not obligated to pay the pharmacies as we are primarily obligated to pay retail pharmacies in our network the contractually agreed upon amount for the prescription dispensed, as specified within our provider contracts. In addition, under most of our client contracts, we realize a positive or negative margin represented by the difference between the negotiated ingredient costs we will receive from our clients and the separately negotiated ingredient costs we will pay to our network pharmacies. These factors indicate we are a principal as defined by EITF 99-19 and, as such, we record ingredient cost billed to clients in revenue and the corresponding ingredient cost paid to network pharmacies in cost of revenues. In retail pharmacy transactions, amounts paid to pharmacies and amounts billed to clients are always exclusive of the applicable member co-payment. Under our pharmacy agreements, the pharmacy is solely obligated to collect the co-payment from the member. Under our client contracts, we do not assume liability for the member co-payment in retail pharmacy transactions. As such, we do not include member co-payments to retail pharmacies in revenue or cost of revenue.
If we merely administer a clients network pharmacy contracts to which we are not a party and under which we do not assume credit risk, we record only our administrative fees as revenue. For these clients, we earn an administrative fee for collecting payments from the client and remitting the corresponding amount to the pharmacies in the clients network. In these transactions we act as a conduit for the client. Because we are not the principal in these transactions, drug ingredient cost is not included in our revenues or in our cost of revenues.
We bill our clients based upon the billing schedules established in client contracts. At the end of a period, any unbilled revenues related to the sale of prescription drugs that have been adjudicated with retail pharmacies are estimated based on the amount we will pay to the pharmacies and historical gross margin. Those amounts due from our clients are recorded as revenue as they are contractually due to us for past transactions. Adjustments are made to these estimated revenues to reflect actual billings at the time clients are billed; historically, these adjustments have not been material.
Certain implementation and other fees paid to clients upon the initiation of a contractual agreement are considered an integral part of overall contract pricing and are recorded as a reduction of revenue. Where they are refundable upon early termination of the contract, these payments are capitalized and amortized as a reduction of revenue on a straight-line basis over the life of the contract.
Revenues from our non-PBM segment are derived from specialty distribution services, sample fulfillment and sample accountability services. Revenues earned by SDS include administrative fees received from pharmaceutical manufacturers for dispensing or distributing of consigned pharmaceuticals requiring special handling or packaging. We also administer sample card programs for certain manufacturers and include the ingredient costs of those drug samples dispensed from retail pharmacies in our SDS revenues, and the associated costs for these sample card programs in cost of revenues. Because manufacturers are independently obligated to pay us and we have an independent contractual obligation to pay our network pharmacy providers for free samples dispensed to patients under sample card programs, we include the total payments from these manufacturers (including ingredient costs) as revenue, and payments to the network pharmacy provider as cost of revenue. These transactions require us to assume credit risk.
Our PMG subsidiary records an administrative fee for verifying practitioner licensure and then distributing consigned drug samples to doctors based on orders received from pharmaceutical sales representatives.
REBATE RECOGNITION
We administer two rebate programs through which we receive rebates and administrative fees from pharmaceutical manufacturers. Rebates earned for the administration of these programs, performed in conjunction with claim processing services provided to clients, are recorded as a reduction of cost of revenue and the portion of the rebate payable to customers is treated as a reduction of revenue. When we earn rebates and administrative fees in conjunction with formulary management services, but do not process the underlying claims, we record rebates received from manufacturers, net of the portion payable to customers, in revenue. We record rebates and administrative fees receivable from the manufacturer and payable to clients when the prescriptions covered under contractual agreements with the manufacturers are dispensed; these amounts are not dependent upon future pharmaceutical sales.
With respect to rebates based on actual market share performance, we estimate rebates and the associated receivable from pharmaceutical manufacturers quarterly based on our estimate of the number of rebatable prescriptions and the rebate per prescription. The portion of rebates payable to clients is estimated quarterly based on historical sharing percentages and our estimate of rebates receivable from pharmaceutical manufacturers. These estimates are adjusted to actual when amounts are received from manufacturers and the portion payable to clients is paid.
With respect to rebates that are not based on market share performance, no estimation is required because the manufacturer billing amounts and the client portion are determinable when the drug is dispensed. We pay all or a contractually agreed upon portion of such rebates to our clients.
RECEIVABLES
Based on our revenue recognition policies discussed above, certain claims at the end of a period are unbilled. Revenue and unbilled receivables for those claims are estimated each period based on the amount to be paid to the pharmacies and historical gross margin. Estimates are adjusted to actual at the time of billing, typically within 30 days based on the contractual billing schedule agreed upon with the client. See also the discussion above regarding rebates receivable from pharmaceutical manufacturers. Historically, adjustments to our original estimates have been immaterial.
We provide an allowance for doubtful accounts equal to estimated uncollectible receivables. This estimate is based on the current status of each customers receivable balance as well as current economic and market conditions.
SELF-INSURANCE RESERVES
We maintain insurance coverage for claims that arise in the normal course of business. Where insurance coverage is not available, or, in our judgment, is not cost-effective, we maintain self-insurance reserves to reduce our exposure to future legal costs, settlements and judgments related to uninsured claims. Self-insured losses are accrued based upon estimates of the aggregate liability for the costs of uninsured claims incurred using certain actuarial assumptions followed in the insurance industry and our historical experience. It is not possible to predict with certainty the outcome of these claims, and we can give no assurances that any losses, in excess of our insurance and any self-insurance reserves, will not be material.
PBM GROSS PROFIT
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(in thousands) |
2003 |
Increase/ (Decrease) |
2002 |
2003 |
Increase/ (Decrease) |
2002 | ||||||||||||||
Product revenues | ||||||||||||||||||||
Network revenues | $ | 2,201,301 | 1 | .0% | $ | 2,180,451 | $ | 6,692,820 | 9 | .6% | $ | 6,108,894 | ||||||||
Mail revenues | 969,170 | 3 | .0% | 941,259 | 2,881,916 | 10 | .0% | 2,620,793 | ||||||||||||
Service revenues | 14,922 | (32 | .6)% | 22,150 | 51,520 | (16 | .4)% | 61,594 | ||||||||||||
Total PBM revenues | 3,185,393 | 1 | .3% | 3,143,860 | 9,626,256 | 9 | .5% | 8,791,281 | ||||||||||||
Cost of PBM revenues | 2,991,734 | 1 | .6% | 2,943,949 | 9,032,623 | 9 | .8% | 8,223,830 | ||||||||||||
PBM Gross Profit | $ | 193,659 | (3 | .1)% | $ | 199,911 | $ | 593,633 | 4 | .6% | $ | 567,451 | ||||||||
Revenues for network pharmacy claims increased $20,850,000, or 1.0%, and $583,926,000, or 9.6%, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2003 as compared to the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2002. The increase in network pharmacy claims revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2003 over the three months ended September 30, 2002 is due to drug price inflation and higher utilization of prescription drugs. These increases were partially offset by a few third quarter, client-specific reductions. One client, emerging from bankruptcy, discontinued providing retiree benefits, one client was lost through a competitive bidding process, and a one-year contract with a state agency expired as expected as future claims will be processed by the state. The increase in network pharmacy claims revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2003 over the same period of 2002, is due primarily to our acquisition of National Prescription Administrators, Inc. and certain affiliated entities (collectively NPA), which represented approximately 34.2% of the increase. In addition, network pharmacy claims revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2003 increased over the same period of 2002 as a result of higher drug ingredient costs and higher utilization of prescription drugs by members. The increases in revenues for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2003 over the same period of 2002 were partially offset by the impact of higher copayments and other plan design features that shift a higher percentage of total drug cost to the member, by an increase in generic drug claims and by an increase in the number of claims processed for clients utilizing retail pharmacy networks contracted by the client as opposed to retail pharmacy networks contracted by us. As previously discussed under Critical Accounting Policies, when clients utilize their own retail pharmacy networks, we do not record the ingredient cost charged to clients in revenue and the corresponding ingredient cost paid to network pharmacies is excluded from cost of revenue. Domestic, network pharmacy claims processed for clients utilizing their own retail pharmacy networks increased to 3.2% and 3.1%, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2003, as compared to 0.7% and 1.9%, respectively, for the same periods of 2002. Total network pharmacy claims processed increased 1.8% to 90,427,000 in the third quarter of 2003 over the third quarter of 2002 due to higher utilization rates, partially offset by the client-specific reductions discussed above. For the nine months ended September 30, 2003, network pharmacy claims processed increased 8.7% to 283,119,000 mainly as a result of the acquisition of NPA as well as the other factors mentioned above.
The average revenue per network pharmacy claim remained fairly constant, at $24.34 and $23.64 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2003, as compared to $24.54 and $23.44 for the same periods of 2002. For both periods, drug price inflation was offset by a higher mix of generic claims and by a change in client mix which caused a relative increase in the number of clients utilizing retail pharmacy networks contracted by the client as opposed to retail pharmacy networks contracted by us. Generic claims represented 48.0% and 47.8% of total network claims during the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2003 as compared to 46.1% and 44.6%, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2002.
Mail pharmacy revenues and mail pharmacy prescriptions filled increased $27,911,000, or 3.0%, and 1,120,000, or 15.9%, respectively, during the third quarter of 2003 over the third quarter of 2002, primarily due to higher utilization of mail order prescriptions. The increase in mail pharmacy revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2003 over the same period of 2002 is also due to drug price inflation partially offset by an increase in generic drug prescriptions and by the impact of processing claims under the Department of Defense (DoD) TRICARE Management Activity mail program (see discussion regarding mail order revenue per claim). Mail pharmacy revenues and mail pharmacy prescriptions filled increased $261,123,000, or 10.0%, and 3,672,000, or 18.3%, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2003 over the nine months ended September 30, 2002. The increase in mail pharmacy revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2003 is primarily due to the acquisition of NPA in April 2002, representing approximately 46.7% of the increase in mail pharmacy revenues and 20.4% of the increase in mail pharmacy prescriptions. The increase in mail pharmacy revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2003 is also due to higher utilization of mail order prescriptions and drug price inflation partially offset by an increase in generic drug prescriptions. The increase in mail pharmacy claims for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2003 over the same periods of 2002 is due to higher utilization rates and the impact of the DoD mail program partially offset by the client-specific reductions discussed above.
The average revenue per mail pharmacy claim decreased 11.2% and 7.1% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2003 as compared to the same periods of 2002. The primary reason for these decreases is the impact of processing claims under the DoD TRICARE Management Activity mail program. Under our contract with the DoD (which was effective March 1, 2003), we earn a fee per prescription filled by our mail order facility. Revenues and cost of revenues from the DoD contract do not include ingredient cost as inventory is replenished by the DoD through agreements with its suppliers. As a result, these claims have a dilutive effect on the average revenue per mail pharmacy claim. In addition to the impact of our contract with the DoD, these decreases are also affected by a higher mix of generic claims resulting from branded drug patent expirations. Our mail order generic fill rate increased to 37.0% and 37.1%, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2003 from 36.3% and 34.8%, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2002. Our mail order generic fill rate is lower than the retail generic fill rate as fewer generic substitutes are available among maintenance medications (i.e. therapies for diabetes, high blood pressure, etc.) commonly dispensed from mail order pharmacies, relative to acute medications that are dispensed primarily by pharmacies in our retail networks.
PBM revenues include amounts received from pharmaceutical manufacturers in support of certain programs, such as our Drug Choice Management Program and our Therapy Adherence Program. Such programs support our clients formulary choices. These payments are not part of our rebate program. We have been phasing out manufacturer funding for these programs, and such funding was completely phased out in the third quarter of 2003. Manufacturer funding for these programs decreased by approximately $8.3 million and $22.7 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2003 as compared to the same periods of 2002. In addition, in the first quarter of 2003 we recorded a non-recurring reduction in revenue and gross profit of $15.0 million relating to previously collected pharmaceutical manufacturer funds, which we have decided to share with our clients. Our decision to share these funds with clients is voluntary and will not impact future quarters.
Our PBM cost of revenues increased 1.6% and 9.8%, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2003, respectively, over same periods of 2002, mainly as a result of the increase in PBM revenues discussed above. Cost of revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2002 was impacted by a contract renegotiation with a large client, which resulted in the elimination of a contract pricing reserve. The elimination of the reserve was a non-recurring, non-cash decrease in cost of revenues of approximately $15.0 million.
For the three months ended September 30, 2003, our PBM gross profit decreased $6,252,000, or 3.1%, as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2002, due to the following factors:
For the nine months ended September 30, 2003, our PBM gross profit increased $26,182,000, or 4.6%, over the same period of 2002. The increase in gross profit for the nine months ended September 30, 2003 was partially due to the acquisition of NPA (representing approximately 70.5% of the increase). These increases also resulted from higher mail utilization and from a shift to utilization of generic versus brand drugs, on which we earn higher margins. For the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2003, generic drugs comprised 47.1% and 47.0%, respectively, of all prescriptions compared to approximately 45.2% and 43.7%, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2002. These increases in PBM gross profit for the nine months ended September 30, 2003 were partially offset by the factors noted above.
During 2002, we adopted EITF No. 02-16, Accounting by a Reseller for Cash Consideration Received from a Vendor, (see further discussion under Other Matters) earlier than required. EITF 02-16 requires any consideration received from a vendor to be characterized as a reduction of cost of revenues. Therefore, revenues for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2002 have been reduced by $238,740,000 and $671,901,000, respectively, to conform to the presentation for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2003. Cost of revenues, for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2002, have been reduced by the same amount. This amount represents gross rebates and administrative fees received from pharmaceutical manufacturers for collecting, processing and reporting drug utilization data, for monitoring formulary compliance, and for calculating and distributing rebates to those of our clients for whom our PBM services includes the claim processing function. The portion of this amount that we pay to our clients, a majority of this amount, has been and will continue to be classified as a reduction of revenues. Our consolidated gross profit for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2002 was not impacted as a result of this adoption.
NON-PBM GROSS PROFIT
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(in thousands) |
2003 |
Increase |
2002 |
2003 |
Increase |
2002 | ||||||||||||||
Product revenues | $ | 37,127 | 93 | .7% | $ | 19,166 | $ | 98,012 | 97 | .9% | $ | 49,527 | ||||||||
Service revenues | 26,082 | 6 | .8% | 24,432 | 82,512 | 26 | .6% | 65,196 | ||||||||||||
Total non-PBM revenues | 63,209 | 45 | .0% | 43,598 | 180,524 | 57 | .4% | 114,723 | ||||||||||||
Non-PBM Cost of revenues | 50,091 | 56 | .3% | 32,047 | 140,532 | 67 | .4% | 83,951 | ||||||||||||
Non-PBM Gross Profit | $ | 13,118 | 13 | .6% | $ | 11,551 | $ | 39,992 | 30 | .0% | $ | 30,772 | ||||||||
Non-PBM product revenues increased $17,961,000, or 93.7%, and $48,485,000, or 97.9%, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2003 as compared to the same periods in 2002. These increases are mainly due to higher volumes and increases in ingredient cost for specialty injectibles (representing approximately 61.5% and 58.9%, respectively, of the increases) and higher volumes for SDS (representing 38.5% and 41.1%, respectively, of the increases), including the sample card programs we administer for certain manufacturers, where we include the ingredient cost of pharmaceuticals dispensed from retail pharmacies in our SDS revenues. The increase in SDS product revenues was partially offset by the discontinuance, during the third quarter of 2003, of one patient assistance program (PAP) where we received fees for the delivery of certain drugs to doctors for their indigent patients. This loss was offset higher service revenues. Non-PBM service revenues increased $1,650,000, or 6.8%, and $17,316,000, or 26.6%, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2003, primarily due to additional volume in SDS, including new PAP programs, initiated during the third quarter of 2003, where eligibility and other services are being provided.
Gross profit from non-PBM services increased 13.6% and 30.0%, respectively, for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2003, primarily reflecting the increased volume in SDS. The percentage increase in non-PBM cost of revenues grew faster than the percentage increase in revenues due to the additional volume in specialty injectibles and in the SDS sample card program, where we include the ingredient costs of pharmaceuticals dispensed from retail pharmacies in our SDS revenues and costs of revenues. The percentage increase in non-PBM cost of revenues is partially offset by the inclusion of PMG, which does not purchase samples from the manufacturers, but records an administrative fee for verification of practitioner licensure and distribution of samples to those practitioners based on orders received from pharmaceutical sales representatives.
SELLING, GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE
Selling, general and administrative expenses (SG&A) decreased $18,876,000, or 16.8% for the three months ended September 30, 2003 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2002 due primarily to reductions in bad debt expense, compensation expense and contributions to the Express Scripts Foundation (the Foundation). For the nine months ended September 30, 2003, SG&A decreased $27,833,000, or 8.4%, as compared to the same period of 2002, mainly due to reductions in bad debt expense, depreciation and amortization expense, and contributions to the Foundation. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2002, we recorded higher bad debt expense to increase our allowance for doubtful accounts for certain customers experiencing financial difficulties due to economic conditions. In the third quarter of 2003, we reversed a portion of the reserve established during 2002, which had been recorded for a large client then in bankruptcy. As of the third quarter of 2003, we had received payment on this clients obligations to us and determined such reserve was no longer necessary. In 2002, we established the Foundation and, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2002, we recorded contributions of $4.0 million and $12.0 million, respectively. Depreciation and amortization expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2003 decreased as compared to the same period of 2002, mainly due to a change in the estimated useful lives of certain assets associated with our legacy information systems which resulted in approximately $18.4 million of additional depreciation and amortization expense during the first nine months of 2002. SG&A for the nine months ended September 30, 2003 was also impacted by costs incurred to facilitate start-up of our operations supporting the DoD TRICARE Management Activity mail pharmacy service. These start-up costs, totaling $4,833,000 during the first quarter, mainly consist of salary expense; starting March 1, 2003 (the date we began filling mail pharmacy claims for the DoD), such costs are included in cost of revenues. Decreases in selling, general and administrative expenses were partially offset by increases required to expand operational and administrative functions supporting our management of the pharmacy benefit.
OTHER (EXPENSE) INCOME
In February 2001, we entered into an agreement with AdvancePCS and Medco Health Solutions, Inc. (formerly, Merck-Medco, L.L.C.) to form RxHub, an electronic exchange enabling physicians who use electronic prescribing technology to link to pharmacies, PBMs and health plans. We own one-third of the equity of RxHub (as do each of the other two founders) and have committed to invest up to $20 million over five years, with approximately $13.5 million invested through September 30, 2003. We have recorded our investment in RxHub under the equity method of accounting, which requires our percentage interest in RxHubs results to be recorded in our Unaudited Consolidated Statement of Operations. Our percentage of RxHubs loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2003 was $1,436,000 ($879,000 net of tax) and $4,520,000 ($2,767,000 net of tax), respectively, compared to $1,224,000 ($761,000 net of tax) and $3,294,000 ($2,046,000 net of tax) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2002, respectively.
The $3,490,000, or 31.3%, decrease in net interest expense for the three months ended September 30, 2003, as compared to the same period in 2002, is primarily a result of reduced debt principle balances from debt prepayments and repurchases in the 4th quarter of 2002 and the first and second quarters of 2003. For the nine months ended September 30, 2003, net interest expense increased $2,260,000, or 7.9%, over the same period of 2002 primarily as a result of premium payments and deferred financing fee write-offs resulting from the repurchase of our Senior Notes on the open market and the prepayment of Term B loans during the first half of 2003 (see Liquidity and Capital Resources). In the second quarter of 2003, we recorded in interest expense a premium of $3,897,000 paid to repurchase $35,430,000 of our Senior Notes on the open market. In the second quarter of 2003, we also recorded the write off of $1,270,000 of deferred financing fees in interest expense in compliance with Financial Accounting Standards Board Statement (FAS) No. 145, Rescission of FASB Statements No. 4, 44, and 64, Amendment of FASB Statement No. 13, and Technical Corrections. These increases in interest expense were partially offset by lower interest resulting from reduced debt principle balances.
PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES
Our effective tax rate decreased from 38.5% for the third quarter of 2002 to 38.2% for the third quarter of 2003. The decrease is a result of the implementation of state tax planning strategies during 2002. Our effective tax rate remained consistent at 38.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2003 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2002.
NET INCOME AND EARNINGS PER SHARE
Net income for the three months ended September 30, 2003 increased $11,100,000, or 20.8%, over the same period of 2002. For the nine months ended September 30, 2003, net income before the cumulative effect of change in accounting principle and net income increased $37,086,000, or 25.4%, and $36,058,000, or 24.7%, respectively, over 2002. During the first quarter, we recorded a cumulative effect of change in accounting principle of $1,028,000, net of tax, related to our implementation of FAS 143, Asset Retirement Obligations, (see Other Matters).
Basic and diluted earnings per share increased 18.8% and 20.9%, respectively, for the third quarter of 2003 over the third quarter of 2002. For the nine months ended September 30, 2003, basic and diluted earnings per share increased 24.6% and 25.1%, respectively, over the nine months ended September 30, 2002.
We account for employee stock options in accordance with FAS 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation and Accounting Principles Board No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees. We account for options using the intrinsic value method and have not recognized compensation expense for options granted. Had we used the fair value method and recognized compensation expense based on the fair value of options determined on the grant date, our net income and earnings per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2003 would have been $62,723,000, or $0.79 per diluted share, and $175,023,000, or $2.20 per diluted share, respectively, and $51,149,000, or $0.64 per diluted share, and $138,524,000, or $1.74 per diluted share, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2002.
OPERATING CASH FLOW AND CAPITAL EXPENDITURES
For the nine months ended September 30, 2003, net cash provided by operations decreased $5,568,000 to $281,396,000 from $286,964,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2002. This decrease reflects changes in our working capital components and decreases in depreciation and amortization and bad debt expense (see SG&A discussion under Results of Operations). These decreases were partially offset by increased earnings of $36.1 million and increases in other non-cash adjustments to net income.
During the first quarter of 2003, we began providing mail pharmacy services for the DoD TRICARE Management Activity under a five year contract. The new contract covers nearly nine million United States Armed Forces personnel, dependents and retirees worldwide. During the first quarter, we incurred start-up costs of approximately $4,833,000 and increased inventory at our Tempe mail order facility. These expenditures were funded from operating cash flow.
Our capital expenditures for the nine months ended September 30, 2003 remained flat as compared to the same period of 2002. During the first half of 2003, we completed a capital project to renovate and expand our Tempe mail order facility and capitalized approximately $5.7 million. We intend to continue to invest in technology that we believe will provide efficiencies in operations and facilitate growth and enhance the service we provide to our clients. We expect future anticipated capital expenditures will be funded primarily from operating cash flow or, to the extent necessary, with borrowings under our revolving credit facility, discussed below.
STOCK REPURCHASE PROGRAM
As of September 30, 2003, we have repurchased a total of 7,063,000 shares of our common stock under the stock repurchase program that we announced on October 25, 1996. As of September 30, 2003, approximately 5,829,000 shares have been reissued in connection with employee compensation plans. Our Board of Directors has approved the repurchase of up to 10,000,000 shares under our stock repurchase program. There is no limit on the duration of the program. Additional purchases, if any, will be made in such amounts and at such times as we deem appropriate based upon prevailing market and business conditions, subject to restrictions on the amount of stock repurchases contained in our bank credit facility and the Indenture under which our Senior Notes were issued.
ACQUISITIONS
On December 19, 2002, we entered into an agreement with Managed Pharmacy Benefits, Inc. (MPB) under which we acquired certain assets from MPB for approximately $11,063,000 in cash and entered into an outsourcing arrangement with respect to MPBs operations. MPB is a St. Louis-based PBM and subsidiary of Medicine Shoppe International, Inc., a franchisor of apothecary-style retail pharmacies, owned by Cardinal Health, Inc. The transaction was accounted for under the provisions of FAS 141, Business Combinations. The purchase price has been preliminarily allocated based upon the estimated fair value of net assets acquired at the date of the acquisition. A portion of the excess of the purchase price over tangible net assets acquired has been preliminarily allocated to customer contracts in the amount of $2,526,000. This asset is included in other intangible assets on the balance sheet and is being amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of 20 years. In addition, the excess of the purchase price over tangible net assets and identified intangible assets acquired has been preliminarily allocated to goodwill in the amount of $15,105,000, which is not being amortized. The transaction was structured as a purchase of assets, making amortization expense of intangible assets, including goodwill, tax deductible.
On April 12, 2002, we completed the acquisition of NPA, a privately held full-service PBM, for a purchase price of approximately $466 million, which includes the issuance of 552,000 shares of our common stock (fair value of $26.4 million upon the transaction announcement date), transaction costs and a working capital purchase price adjustment of $46.8 million received during the third and fourth quarters of 2002. The transaction was accounted for under the provisions of FAS 141. The purchase price has been allocated based upon the estimated fair value of net assets acquired at the date of the acquisition. A portion of the excess of the purchase price over tangible net assets acquired has been allocated to intangible assets consisting of customer contracts in the amount of $76,290,000 and non-competition agreements in the amount of $2,860,000, which are being amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of 20 years and five years, respectively. These assets are classified as other intangible assets. In addition, the excess of the purchase price over tangible net assets and identified intangible assets acquired has been allocated to goodwill in the amount of $438,525,000, which is not being amortized. During the second quarter of 2003 we finalized the allocation of the purchase price to tangible and intangible net assets resulting in a $39.7 million increase in goodwill. The increase in goodwill reflects adjustments to true-up opening balance sheet receivables, liabilities, and to adjust fixed assets to fair market value. The acquisition of NPA was funded with the proceeds of a new $325 million Term B loan facility, $78 million of cash on hand, the issuance of 552,000 shares of our common stock (fair value of $26.4 million upon the transaction announcement date), and $25 million in borrowings under our revolving credit facility. We have filed an Internal Revenue Code Section 338(h)(10) election, making amortization expense of intangible assets, including goodwill, tax deductible.
On February 25, 2002, we purchased substantially all of the assets utilized in the operation of Phoenix Marketing Group, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Access Worldwide Communications, Inc. for $34.1 million in cash, including acquisition-related costs, plus the assumption of certain liabilities. The acquisition has been accounted for under the provisions of FAS 141. The purchase price has been allocated based upon the estimated fair value of net assets acquired at the date of the acquisition. A portion of the excess of purchase price over tangible net assets acquired has been allocated to intangible assets consisting of customer contracts in the amount of $4,000,000 and non-competition agreements in the amount of $180,000 which are being amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of eight years and four years, respectively, and trade name in the amount of $1,700,000, which is not being amortized. These assets are included in other intangible assets. In addition, the excess of purchase price over tangible net assets and identified intangible assets acquired was allocated to goodwill in the amount of $22,136,000, which is not being amortized. The transaction was structured as a purchase of assets, making amortization expense of intangible assets, including goodwill, tax deductible.
We regularly review potential acquisitions and affiliation opportunities. We believe available cash resources, bank financing or the issuance of additional common stock could be used to finance future acquisitions or affiliations. There can be no assurance we will make new acquisitions or establish new affiliations in 2003 or thereafter.
BANK CREDIT FACILITY
At September 30, 2003, our credit facility with a commercial bank syndicate consists of $250 million of Term B loans and a $150 million revolving credit facility (none of which is outstanding at September 30, 2003). During the first half of 2003 we prepaid $75,000,000 of our Term B loan facility. At September 30, 2003, the Term B loans have a remaining maturity of five years with $19,250,000 maturing in 2007 and $230,750,000 maturing in 2008. As a result of the prepayment on the Term B loans during the first half of 2003, we recorded a $1,270,000 pre-tax charge, included in interest expense, from the write-off of deferred financing fees. The capital stock of each of our existing and subsequently acquired domestic subsidiaries, excluding ValueRx of Michigan, Inc., Diversified NY IPA, Inc. and Diversified Pharmaceutical Services (Puerto Rico), Inc., has been pledged as collateral for the credit facility.
Our credit facility requires us to pay interest quarterly on an interest rate spread based on several London Interbank Offered Rates (LIBOR) or base rate options. Using a LIBOR spread, the Term B loans have an average interest rate of 3.11% at September 30, 2003. The credit facility contains covenants limiting the indebtedness we may incur, the common shares we may repurchase, the dividends we may pay and the amount of annual capital expenditures. The covenants also establish a minimum interest coverage ratio, a maximum leverage ratio, and a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio. In addition, we are required to pay an annual fee of 0.25%, payable in quarterly installments, on the unused portion of the revolving credit facility ($150,000,000 at September 30, 2003). At September 30, 2003, we were in compliance with all covenants associated with the credit facility.
To alleviate interest rate volatility on our Term B loans, we have entered into interest rate swap arrangements, which are discussed in Market Risk below.
BONDS
In June 1999, we issued $250 million of 9.625% Senior Notes due 2009. Through September 30, 2003, we have repurchased approximately $45.5 million of Senior Notes on the open market. The Senior Notes, which require interest to be paid semi-annually on June 15 and December 15, are callable at 104.8% beginning in June 2004. The call payment premium decreases to 103.2% in June 2005, to 101.6% in June 2006, and beginning in June 2007 are callable at 100.0%. The Senior Notes are unconditionally and jointly and severally guaranteed by most of our wholly-owned domestic subsidiaries. The Senior Note indenture contains covenants limiting the indebtedness we may incur, the common shares we may repurchase, the dividends we may pay, investing activities we may engage in, and the amount of annual capital expenditures we may make. The covenants also establish a minimum interest coverage ratio. At September 30, 2003, we were in compliance with all covenants associated with the Senior Note indenture.
We are evaluating refinancing alternatives for our existing bank credit facility and optional redemption of our Senior Notes, which are callable beginning in June 2004.
CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS AND COMMERCIAL COMMITMENTS
The following table sets forth our schedule of current maturities of our long-term debt, excluding the deferred interest rate swap gain of $299,000, and future minimum lease payments due under noncancellable operating leases as of September 30, 2003 (in thousands):
Payments Due by Period as of September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Contractual obligations |
Total |
2003 |
2004 - 2005 |
2006 - 2007 |
After 2007 | |||||||||||||||
Long-term debt | $ | 454,790 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 19,250 | $ | 435,540 | ||||||||||
Future minimum lease | ||||||||||||||||||||
payments | 85,015 | 4,364 | 33,834 | 28,863 | 17,954 | |||||||||||||||
Total contractual cash | ||||||||||||||||||||
obligations | $ | 539,805 | $ | 4,364 | $ | 33,834 | $ | 48,113 | $ | 453,494 | ||||||||||
The SEC previously announced plans to review prior filings of each of the Fortune 500 companies. We previously announced that we received a comment letter from the SEC with respect to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for 2001 and subsequent quarterly reports on Form 10-Q. Most issues raised by the SEC relate to disclosure and reclassification matters, including whether the PBM business should be comprised of two separate segments or a single segment representing an integrated product. In our segment reporting under FAS 131, we currently report our integrated PBM business as a single business segment. None of these issues would affect our consolidated results of operations, which include gross profit and net income, or the consolidated balance sheet and consolidated statement of cash flows. An additional issue raised in the SEC comment letter is whether we should include in revenue co-payments paid by clients members to retail network pharmacies with respect to prescriptions filled in one of the retail stores included in our networks. We do not include such co-payments in revenue or cost of revenue. If we are required to include retail co-payments in revenue and cost of revenue, it would result in an increase in reported revenue and cost of revenue for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2003 and 2002 of approximately 23 percent to 29 percent (excluding member co-payments on plans wherein we do not include ingredient costs in revenue). Thus, our consolidated results of operations, which include gross profit and net income, and the consolidated balance sheet and consolidated statement of cash flows would not be affected. We are in discussions with the SEC about the issues raised in the comment letter.
In January 2003, we adopted FAS 143, which addresses financial accounting and reporting for obligations associated with the retirement of tangible long-lived assets and the associated asset retirement costs and requires the capitalization of the fair value of any legal or contractual obligations associated with the retirement of tangible, long-lived assets in the period in which the liabilities are incurred and to capitalize a corresponding amount as part of the book value of the related long-lived asset. In subsequent periods, we are required to adjust asset retirement obligations based on changes in estimated fair value, and the corresponding increases in asset book values are depreciated over the useful life of the related asset. As required by FAS 143, we recorded an asset retirement obligation ($3,071,000 at January 1, 2003) primarily related to equipment and leasehold improvements installed in leased, mail-order facilities in which we have a contractual obligation to remove the improvements and equipment upon surrender of the property to the landlord. For certain of our leased facilities, we are required to remove equipment and convert the facilities back to office space. We also recorded a net increase in fixed assets (net of accumulated depreciation) of $1,408,000 and a $1,663,000 ($1,028,000, net of tax) loss from the cumulative effect of change in accounting principle. The $1,408,000 asset will be depreciated, on a straight-line basis, over the remaining term of the leases, which range from seven months to ten years.
In April 2002, FAS 145 was issued. In rescinding FAS 4, Reporting Gains and Losses from Extinguishment of Debt, and FAS 64 Extinguishments of Debt Made to Satisfy Sinking-Fund Requirements, FAS 145 eliminates the required classification of gains and losses from extinguishment of debt as extraordinary. We adopted this provision of FAS 145 in January 2003. During 2003, we prepaid $75.0 million of our Term B notes and purchased $35.4 million of our Senior Notes on the open market. As a result of the Term B prepayments and Senior Note repurchase, we wrote-off $1,270,000 (pre-tax) of deferred financing fees and incurred a pre-tax charge of $3,897,000, representing a premium on the Senior Notes. The write-off of deferred financing fees and the Senior Note premium have been recorded as increases in interest expense. Losses on debt prepayments for periods prior to January 2003 have been reclassified to conform to the presentation required by FAS 145.Implementation of FAS 145 did not have an impact on our consolidated financial position, consolidated results of operations or our consolidated cash flows.
In July 2002, FAS 146, Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities, which deals with issues on the accounting for costs associated with a disposal activity, was issued. FAS 146 nullifies the guidance in EITF 94-3, Liability Recognition for Certain Employee Termination Benefits and Other Costs to Exit an Activity (including Certain Costs Incurred in a Restructuring) by prohibiting liability recognition based on a commitment to an exit/disposal plan. Under FAS 146, exit/disposal costs will be expensed as incurred. We adopted the provisions of FAS 146 effective January 2003. Adoption has not had an impact on our consolidated financial position, consolidated results of operations or our consolidated cash flows.
In September 2002, EITF 02-16, Accounting by a Reseller for Cash Consideration Received from a Vendor was issued. Under this pronouncement, any consideration received from a vendor is presumed to be a reduction of the prices of the vendors products and should, therefore, be characterized as a reduction of cost of sales. This EITF issue applies to rebates and to administrative fees received from pharmaceutical manufacturers for collecting, processing and reporting drug utilization data, for monitoring formulary compliance and for calculating and distributing rebates to those of our clients for whom our PBM services includes the claim processing function. Prior to our adoption of EITF 02-16, we recorded rebates, net of the amount paid to our clients, and manufacturer administrative fees as components of revenue. The transition provisions of EITF 02-16 require implementation of this pronouncement for new arrangements, including modifications of existing arrangements, entered into after December 31, 2002. Early application is permitted as of the beginning of periods for which financial statements have not been issued and prior period reclassification is allowed to the extent there is no impact on net income. The application of the provisions of EITF 02-16 do not change our consolidated net income, consolidated gross profit, consolidated financial position or our consolidated cash flows. We early-adopted the provisions of EITF 02-16 during fiscal 2002. As a result of the adoption, our revenues for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2002 have been reduced by $238,740,000 and $671,901,000, respectively, to conform to the presentation for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2003. This amount represents the gross rebates and administrative fees received from manufacturers. Cost of revenues, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2002, have been reduced by the same amount. Our clients portion of such rebates and administrative fees, a majority of this amount, has been and will continue to be recorded as a reduction of revenue. Consolidated net income and consolidated gross profit for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2002 was not impacted as a result of the adoption of EITF 02-16.
In December 2000, the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) issued final privacy regulations pursuant to the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which, among other things, impose restrictions on the use and disclosure of individually identifiable health information by certain entities. Other HIPAA requirements relate to electronic transaction standards and code sets and the security of protected health information when it is maintained or transmitted electronically. The compliance date for the final privacy regulations was April 14, 2003, and the compliance deadline for the electronic transaction standards was October 16, 2002 (or, for certain small health care plans and entities that submitted an appropriate plan for compliance to the Secretary of HHS, October 16, 2003). Final security regulations under HIPAA were published on February 20, 2003, and for most entities the compliance date for these regulations is April 21, 2005. We do not believe the costs that we will continue to incur in complying with these regulations will be material to our consolidated results of operations, consolidated financial position and/or consolidated cash flow from operations.
We make available, through our website (www.express-scripts.com), access to our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, all amendments to those reports (when applicable), and other filings with the SEC. Such access is free of charge and is available as soon as reasonably practicable after such information is filed with the SEC. In addition, the SEC maintains an internet site (www.sec.gov) containing reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers filing electronically with the SEC (which includes us).
Changes in prices charged by manufacturers and wholesalers for pharmaceuticals affect our revenues and cost of revenues. Most of our contracts provide that we bill clients based on a generally recognized price index for pharmaceuticals, and accordingly we have been able to recover price increases from our clients under the terms of our agreements.
We use an interest rate swap agreement to manage the impact of interest rate fluctuations on future variable interest payments under our bank credit facility. As of September 30, 2003, our interest rate swap agreement fixes the variable interest rate payments on approximately $60 million of our debt under our credit facility. Under our swap agreement, we agree to receive a variable rate of interest on the notional principal amount of approximately $60 million based upon a three month LIBOR rate in exchange for payment of a fixed rate of 6.25% per annum. The notional principal amount will decrease to $20 million in April 2004 and this swap will mature in April 2005.
Our interest rate swap agreement is a cash flow hedge which requires us to pay fixed-rates of interest, and which hedges against changes in the amount of future cash flows associated with variable interest obligations. Accordingly, the fair value of our swap agreement, $3,263,000, pre-tax, at September 30, 2003, is reported on the Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheet in other liabilities. The related deferred loss on our swap agreements, $2,040,000, net of taxes, at September 30, 2003 is recorded in shareholders equity as a component of other comprehensive income. This deferred loss is then recognized as an adjustment to interest expense over the same period in which the related interest payments being hedged are recorded in income. The loss associated with the ineffective portion of this agreement is immediately recognized in income. For the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2003 and 2002, the loss on the ineffective portion of our swap agreement was not material to the consolidated financial statements.
A sensitivity analysis is used to determine the impact interest rate changes will have on the fair value of the interest rate swap, measuring the change in the net present value arising from the change in the interest rate. The fair value of the swap is then determined by calculating the present value of all cash flows expected to arise thereunder, with future interest rate levels implied from prevailing mid-market yields for money-market instruments, interest rate futures and/or prevailing mid-market swap rates. Anticipated cash flows are then discounted on the assumption of a continuously compounding zero-coupon yield curve. A 10 basis point decline in interest rates at September 30, 2003 would have caused the fair value of the swap to change by $52,000 pretax, resulting in a liability with a fair value of $3,315,000.
Response to this item is included in Item 2 Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsMarket Risk above.
We maintain a comprehensive set of disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Exchange Act)) designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in our filings under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported accurately and within the time periods specified in the SECs rules and forms. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and President and Chief Financial Officer, we have evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2003. Based on this evaluation, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and President and Chief Financial Officer concluded that these disclosure controls and procedures are effective in providing reasonable assurance of the achievement of the objectives described above. During the quarter ended September 30, 2003, there was no significant change that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
We and/or the Companys subsidiary, NPA, are defendants in several lawsuits that purport to be class actions, which were described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002 or in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the first quarter and second quarter (the Second Quarter Report) of 2003. Each case seeks damages in an unspecified amount, and the allegations are such that the Company cannot at this time estimate with any certainty the damages that the plaintiffs seek to recover. Because these cases all are in their early stages and none of the cases has yet been certified by the court as a class action, we are unable to evaluate the effect that unfavorable outcomes might have on our financial condition or consolidated results of operations. The following developments have occurred since the Second Quarter Report:
In addition to the specific legal proceedings and governmental investigations that have previously been disclosed, there have arisen, in the ordinary course of our business, various other legal proceedings or claims now pending against our subsidiaries and us. The effect of these other actions on future financial results is not subject to reasonable estimation because considerable uncertainty exists about the outcomes. Nevertheless, in the opinion of management, the ultimate liabilities resulting from such other lawsuits, investigations or claims now pending will not materially affect our consolidated financial position, consolidated results of operations and/or consolidated cash flows.
(a) Exhibits. See Index to Exhibits below.
(b) Reports on Form 8-K.
(i) | On July 24, 2003, we filed and/or furnished a Current Report on Form 8-K, dated July 24, 2003, under Items 5, 7 and 9, regarding a press release we issued concerning our financial performance for the quarter ending June 30, 2003. |
(ii) | On July 30, 2003, we filed and/or furnished an amended Current Report on Form 8-K/A, dated July 30, 2003, under Items 5, 7, 9 and 12 regarding a press release we issued concerning our financial performance for the quarter ending June 30, 2003. |
(iii) | On September 25, 2003, we filed a Current Report on Form 8-K, dated September 25, 2003, under Item 5 regarding the Companys employment agreement with Barbara Hill. |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
EXPRESS SCRIPTS, INC (Registrant) | ||
Date: October 29, 2003 | By: /s/ Barrett A. Toan | |
Barrett A. Toan, Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer | ||
Date: October 29, 2003 | By: /s/ George Paz | |
George Paz, President and | ||
Chief Financial Officer |
INDEX TO EXHIBITS
(Express Scripts, Inc.
Commission File Number 0-20199)
Exhibit Number |
Exhibit |
2.11 |
Asset Purchase Agreement, dated as of December 19, 2001, by and among the Company, Phoenix
Marketing Group (Holdings), Inc., and Access Worldwide Communications,
Inc.(Access), incorporated by reference to Appendix A to Access
Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A, filed January 15, 2002. |
2.21 |
Stock and Asset Purchase Agreement dated February 5, 2002 by and among the Company,
Richard O. Ullman and the other Shareholders of National Prescription Administrators,
Inc., Central Fill, Inc., CFI of New Jersey, Inc., and NPA of New York, IPA, Inc., Richard
O. Ullman as agent for such Shareholders, The Ullman Family Partnership, LP, and Airport
Properties, LLC, incorporated by reference to Exhibit No. 2.1 to the Companys
Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 26, 2002. |
2.31 |
Amendment No. 1 to Stock and Asset Purchase Agreement dated April 12, 2002 by and among
the Company, Richard O. Ullman and the other Shareholders of National Prescription
Administrators, Inc., Central Fill, Inc., CFI of New Jersey, Inc., and NPA of New York,
IPA, Inc., Richard O. Ullman as agent for such Shareholders, The Ullman Family
Partnership, LP, and Airport Properties, LLC, incorporated by reference to Exhibit No. 2.2
to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 26, 2002.
|
3.1 |
Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, incorporated by
reference to the Companys Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ending December
31, 2001.
|
3.2 |
Third Amended and Restated Bylaws, incorporated by reference to Exhibit No. 3.2 to the Company's Annual
Report on Form 10-K for the year ending December 31, 2000.
|
4.1 |
Form of Certificate for Common Stock, incorporated by reference to Exhibit No. 4.1 to the Company's
Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed June 9, 1992 (No. 33-46974) (the "Registration Statement").
|
4.2 |
Indenture, dated as of June 16, 1999, among the Company, Bankers Trust Company, as
trustee, and Guarantors named therein, incorporated by reference to Exhibit No. 4.4 to the
Companys Registration Statement on Form S-4 filed August 4, 1999 (No. 333-83133)
(the S-4 Registration Statement).
|
4.3 |
Supplemental Indenture, dated as of October 6, 1999, to Indenture dated as of June 16,
1999, among the Company, Bankers Trust Company, as trustee, and Guarantors named therein,
incorporated by reference to Exhibit No. 4.3 to the Companys Annual Report on Form
10-K for the year ending December 31, 1999.
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4.4 |
Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of July 19, 2000, to Indenture dated as of June
16, 1999, among the Company, Bankers Trust Company, as trustee, and Guarantors named
therein, incorporated by reference to Exhibit No. 4.4 to the Companys Quarterly
Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2000.
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4.5 |
Stockholder and Registration Rights Agreement dated as of October 6, 2000 between the
Company and New York Life Insurance Company, incorporated by reference to Exhibit No. 4.2
to the Companys Amendment No. 1 to Registration Statement on Form S-3 filed October
17, 2000 (Registration Number 333-47572).
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4.6 |
Asset Acquisition Agreement dated October 17, 2000, between NYLIFE Healthcare Management, Inc., the
Company, NYLIFE LLC and New York Life Insurance Company, incorporated by reference to Exhibit No. 4.3 to
the Company's amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-3 filed October 17, 2000
(Registration Number 333-47572).
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4.7 |
Rights Agreement, dated as of July 25, 2001, between the Corporation and American Stock
Transfer & Trust Company, as Rights Agent, which includes the Certificate of
Designations for the Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock as Exhibit A, the Form
of Right Certificate as Exhibit B and the Summary of Rights to Purchase Preferred Shares
as Exhibit C, incorporated by reference to Exhibit No. 4.1 to the Companys Current
Report on Form 8-K filed July 31, 2001.
|
4.8 |
Amendment dated April 25, 2003 to the Stockholder and Registration Rights Agreement dated
as of October 6, 2000 between the Company and New York Life Insurance Company
|
31.12 |
Certification by Barrett A. Toan, as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Express Scripts, Inc.,
pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a).
|
31.22 |
Certification by George Paz, as President and Chief Financial Officer of Express Scripts, Inc., pursuant to Exchange Act
Rule 13a-14(a).
|
32.12 |
Certification by Barrett A. Toan, as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Express Scripts, Inc.,
pursuant to 18 U.S.C.ss.1350 and Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(b).
|
32.22 |
Certification by George Paz, as President and Chief Financial Officer of Express Scripts, Inc., pursuant to 18 U.S.C.ss.
1350 and Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(b).
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_________________
1 | The Company agrees to furnish supplementally a copy of any omitted schedule to this agreement to the Commission upon request. |
2 | Filed herein. |