Back to GetFilings.com

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q

or

Commission file number 001-14681

PENN TREATY AMERICAN CORPORATION
3440 Lehigh Street, Allentown, PA 18103
(610) 965-2222

PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

Penn Treaty American Corporation is one of the leading providers of long-term nursing home and home health care insurance. Our unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets, Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income and Statements of Cash Flows and Notes thereto required under this item are contained on pages 3 through 13 of this report. Our financial statements represent the consolidation of our operations and those of our subsidiaries: Penn Treaty Network America Insurance Company, American Network Insurance Company, American Independent Network Insurance Company of New York, United Insurance Group Agency, Inc., Network Insurance Senior Health Division and Senior Financial Consultants Company, which are underwriters and marketers of long-term care insurance, Medicare supplement insurance and other senior-market products.

(1) Cash and investments of $32,971 and $31,497 respectively, are restricted as to use (see Note 6).
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

PENN TREATY AMERICAN CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
March 31, 2005
(unaudited)
(amounts in thousands, except per share data)

The Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with these notes and with the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2004 of Penn Treaty American Corporation (the “Company”).

        The summarized financial information reflects all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) that are necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position and results of operations, comprehensive income and cash flows for the interim periods.

1.   Stock Based Employee Compensation:

        The following table reflects net income and basic and diluted earnings per share as reported and pro-forma as if the Company had adopted the fair value based method of accounting for its stock-based employee compensation awards:

2.   Regulatory Developments:

         Pennsylvania Corrective Action Plan

        The Company’s primary insurance subsidiary, Penn Treaty Network America Insurance Company (“PTNA”), which represented approximately 90% of the Company’s direct premium revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2005, is subject to a Corrective Action Plan dated February 12, 2002 (the “Plan”), as approved by the Pennsylvania Insurance Department (the “Department”). American Network Insurance Company (“ANIC”), which is wholly owned by PTNA, is also subject to the provisions of the Plan.

         The Plan principally:

        The 2001 Centre Agreement is accounted for as reinsurance for statutory accounting purposes, but does not qualify as reinsurance under generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). As the agreement is treated as reinsurance for statutory accounting purposes, it results in the ceding (or removal) of substantially all of PTNA’s and ANIC’s policy reserve and claim reserve liabilities for statutory accounting purposes.

        The 2001 Centre Agreement is subject to certain coverage limitations, including an aggregate limit of liability that is a function of certain factors and that may be reduced in the event that the premium rate increases that the reinsurance agreement may require are not obtained. The Company is required to perform annual comparisons of its actual to expected claims experience. If the Company has reason to believe, whether from this analysis or other available information, that at least a 5% premium rate increase is necessary, the Company is obligated to file and obtain such premium rate increases in order to comply with the requirements of the agreement. If the Company does not file and obtain such premium rate increases, the aggregate limit of liability would be reduced by 50% of the premium amount that would have otherwise been received. The Company is currently in compliance with the agreement.

        In the event the statutory policy and claim reserves for the reinsured policies ultimately exceed the limit of liability established in the reinsurance agreement, either as a result of additions to reserves or reductions in the amount of the reinsurer’s limit of liability, PTNA or ANIC would have to retain any reserve liabilities in excess of the limit of liability, which could have a materially adverse impact upon their statutory surplus.

         New Policy Sales

        The Company is licensed and receives renewal premiums from policyholders in all states, but is currently restricted from issuing new policies in 8 states. The Company is approved for sales in Florida, California and Pennsylvania (subject to corrective orders in all three states) which accounted for approximately 17%, 14% and 11%, respectively, of the Company’s direct premium revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2005. No other state’s sales accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s direct premium revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2005.

3.   2001 Centre Agreement:

        Effective December 31, 2001, the Company entered into the 2001 Centre Agreement to reinsure, on a quota share basis, substantially all of its long-term care insurance policies then in-force. This agreement does not qualify for reinsurance treatment in accordance with GAAP because it does not result in the reasonable possibility that the reinsurer may realize a significant loss. This is due to a number of factors related to the agreement, including experience refund provisions, expense and risk charges due to the reinsurer and the aggregate limit of liability. Accordingly, the contract is being accounted for in accordance with deposit accounting for reinsurance contracts.

        The initial premium and future cash flows from the reinsured policies, less claims payments, ceding commissions and risk charges, are credited to a notional experience account, which is held for the Company’s benefit in the event of commutation and recapture on or after December 31, 2007. The notional experience account balance receives an investment credit based upon the total return from a series of benchmark indices and derivative hedges that are intended to match the duration of the Company’s reserve liability.

        The notional experience account represents a hybrid instrument, containing both a fixed debt host contract and an embedded derivative. The economic characteristics and risks of the embedded derivative instrument are not clearly and closely related to the economic characteristics and risks of the fixed debt host contract. The Company is accounting for the investment credit received on the notional experience account as follows:

        The benchmark indices are comprised of US treasury strips, agencies and investment grade corporate bonds, with weightings of approximately 25%, 15% and 60%, respectively, and have a duration of approximately 14 years. The hybrid instrument subjects the Company’s financial results to significant volatility as the estimated value of the embedded derivative is highly sensitive to changes in prevailing market interest rates.

        The notional experience account activity for the three months ended March 31, 2005 and 2004 was as follows:

         The reinsurance agreement contains commutation provisions and allows the Company to recapture the reserve liabilities and the current notional experience account balance as of December 31, 2007, or on December 31 of any year thereafter. The Company intends, but is not required, to commute the agreement on December 31, 2007. In the event the Company does not commute the agreement on December 31, 2007, the expense and risk charges applied to the notional experience account will increase significantly. Additionally, the agreement contains certain covenants and conditions that, if breached, may result in the immediate commutation of the agreement and the payment of $2,500 per quarter from the period of the breach through December 31, 2007.

        The Company’s current modeling and actuarial projections suggest that it is probable that it will be able to commute the agreement, as planned, on December 31, 2007. In order to commute the agreement, PTNA’s and ANIC’s statutory surplus following commutation must be sufficient to support the reacquired business in compliance with all statutory requirements. Upon commutation, the Company will receive cash or other liquid assets equaling the value of the notional experience account from the reinsurer. The Company would also record the necessary reserves for the business in PTNA’s and ANIC’s statutory financial statements. Accordingly, the Company’s ability to commute the agreement is highly dependent upon the value of the notional experience account exceeding the level of required statutory reserves to be established. As of March 31, 2005, the statutory basis reserve liabilities of $1,037,124 exceeded the combination of the notional experience account value and funds held due to the reinsurer of $952,529. Based upon the Company’s current modeling and actuarial projections, management expects the value of the notional experience account to exceed the reserve liabilities at December 31, 2007. In addition to the performance of the reinsured policies from now through 2007, the notional experience account value is susceptible to market interest rate changes. A market interest rate increase of 100 basis points could reduce the value of the current notional experience account by approximately $112,000 and jeopardize the Company’s ability to commute as planned.

        In the event the Company determines that commutation of the reinsurance agreement is unlikely on December 31, 2007, but likely at some future date, it will include additional annual reinsurer expense and risk charges in its unamortized deferred acquisition cost (“DAC”) recoverability analysis. As a result, it could impair the value of its DAC asset and record the impairment in its financial statements at that time. However, the Company currently believes that PTNA and ANIC will have sufficient statutory capital and surplus to commute the agreement on December 31, 2007 or that other alternatives, such as new reinsurance opportunities or additional capital issuance will be available to enable it to commute the agreement on December 31, 2007.

        The Company has entered into a letter of intent with its reinsurer to commute its reinsurance agreement and recapture policies ceded under the existing reinsurance agreement, subject to, among other things, the execution of an agreement with a new reinsurer on or before July 28, 2005. In the event that definitive agreements to recapture and reinsure these policies with another reinsurer are entered into, the commutation of the existing agreement will be effective as of May 24, 2005 and the value of the notional experience account will be fixed as of May 23, 2005. In addition, the reinsurer would forfeit all warrants granted to it as part of the existing agreement. If definitive agreements to recapture and reinsure these policies with a new reinsurer are not entered into, the existing agreement will remain in effect. There can be no assurance that definitive agreements to recapture and reinsure these policies with another reinsurer will be entered into.

4.   Contingencies:

        The Company and its subsidiaries are parties to various lawsuits generally arising in the normal course of their business. While the outcome of any single lawsuit could have a material impact upon the Company's financial results for the period in which it occurs, the Company does not believe that the eventual outcome of the majority of these lawsuits is likely to have a material adverse effect on its overall financial condition or results of operations. However, the matters specifically described below are currently viewed by management as potentially material and, in the event of an unfavorable outcome, any one of these matters could have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition and results of operations.

        The Company and its subsidiary, PTNA, are defendants in an action in the Fifth Judicial Circuit of the State of Florida in and for Marion County, Civil Division. Plaintiffs filed this matter on January 10, 2003 in Florida State Court, on behalf of themselves and a class of similarly situated Florida long-term care policyholders. The Company removed this case to United States District Court, Middle District of Florida, Ocala Division for a second time in November 2003. Plaintiffs’ motion to remand the case to Florida State Court was granted in April 2004. Plaintiffs claim wrongdoing in connection with the sale of long-term care insurance policies to the plaintiffs and the class. Plaintiffs allege claims for reformation, breach of fiduciary duty, breach of the implied duty of good faith and fair dealing, negligent misrepresentation, fraudulent misrepresentation, and restitution and pray for relief in the form of compensatory damages and restitution, an order of reformation of the policies, and attorney fees and court costs. No amounts were specified for compensatory damages and restitution. The Company has filed motions to dismiss for failure to state a claim and lack of personal jurisdiction, and to strike certain allegations of the complaint as irrelevant and improper. While the Company denies liability to plaintiffs, the Company is continuing its negotiations towards settlement in this matter.

        The Company and PTNA are defendants in an action in the Orange County Superior Court in the state of California. Plaintiffs filed this matter in November 2003 on behalf of themselves, all other persons similarly situated and the general public. Plaintiffs claim wrongdoing in violation of the California Business & Professions Code in connection with the sale of long term care insurance policies. Plaintiffs allege unlawful business acts, claims for reformation, breach of fiduciary duty, breach of the implied duty of good faith and fair dealing, and negligent misrepresentation and pray for relief in the form of compensatory damages and restitution, punitive damages, an order of reformation of the policies, and attorney fees and court costs. No amounts were specified for compensatory damages and restitution. After review of the Company’s motions related to the plaintiffs’ complaint, the court dismissed plaintiffs’ claim for breach of fiduciary duty, and the Company filed an answer to the other claims in the complaint. While the Company denies liability to plaintiffs, the Company is continuing its negotiations toward settlement in this matter. 

        PTNA is a defendant in an action in the Los Angeles County Superior Court in the state of California. Plaintiffs filed this matter on May 28, 2004 on behalf of themselves and all other persons similarly situated and the general public. Plaintiffs allege wrongdoing in connection with the payment of long-term care insurance claims. Plaintiffs allege violations of the California Consumer Legal Remedies Act, the California Business and Professions Code, breach of the implied duty of good faith and fair dealing, financial elder abuse and pray for relief in the form of compensatory damages and restitution, punitive damages, any accounting, attorney fees and court costs. No amounts were specified for compensatory damages and restitution or punitive damages. PTNA removed this case to United States District Court for the Central District of California in March 2005. PTNA has filed a motion to dismiss all counts of the plaintiffs’ complaint, and a motion to strike allegations of the complaint, including plaintiffs’ class allegations. However, the Company believes that the complaint is without merit and intends to continue to defend the matter vigorously.

        PTNA is a party to a reinsurance agreement to cede the risk of certain home health care claims that extend beyond 36 months. The reinsurance recoverable related to this treaty was $11,631 and $11,236 at March 31, 2005 and December 31, 2004, respectively. The reinsurer has notified PTNA that it believes that PTNA is in breach of its current agreement as a result of entering into the 2001 Centre Agreement without the prior written approval of the reinsurer. PTNA has contested this assertion of breach based upon its verbal and written notification to the reinsurer prior to entering into the 2001 Centre Agreement.   In addition, PTNA believes that the 2001 Centre Agreement substantially improved PTNA’s financial strength and actually benefited the reinsurer. On May 9, 2005, PTNA notified the reinsurer that PTNA was initiating arbitration proceedings. The ultimate resolution of this dispute cannot be determined at this time.

5.   Investments:

        Management has categorized all of its investment securities as available for sale because they may be sold in response to changes in interest rates, prepayments and similar factors. Investments in this category are reported at their current market value, with net unrealized gains and losses, net of the applicable deferred income tax effect, added to or deducted from the Company’s total shareholders’ equity on the balance sheet. As of March 31, 2005, shareholders’ equity was decreased by $444 due to unrealized losses of $685 in the investment portfolio. As of December 31, 2004, shareholders’ equity was increased by $147 due to unrealized gains of $226 in the investment portfolio. The amortized cost and estimated market value of the Company’s available for sale investment portfolio as of March 31, 2005 and December 31, 2004 were as follows:

        Pursuant to certain statutory licensing requirements, as of March 31, 2005 and December 31, 2004 the Company had on deposit bonds with an estimated market value aggregating $12,172 and $12,264 in insurance department special deposit accounts. The Company is not permitted to remove the bonds from these accounts without approval of the regulatory authority.

        The Company maintains assets in a trust account under a reinsurance agreement with an unaffiliated insurer. The Company is required to hold assets equal to 102% of the reserves for the policies assumed under this agreement. At March 31, 2005 and December 31, 2004, the Company was required to hold $20,799 and $18,869, respectively, in the trust account.

6.   Reconciliation of Earnings Per Share:

        A reconciliation of the numerator and denominator of the basic earnings per share computation to the numerator and denominator of the diluted earnings per share computation follows. Basic earnings per share excludes dilution and is computed by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if options, warrants and convertible debt were exercised or converted. Anti-dilutive effects are not included.

Shares of common stock that could potentially dilute basic earnings per share in the future that were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share, because to do so would have been anti-dilutive, were 17,006 and 15,877 at March 31, 2005 and March 31, 2004, respectively. These shares include shares issuable upon exercise of options and warrants.

7.   Long-Term Debt:

        Principal repayment of the Company’s long-term debt outstanding at March 31, 2005 is as follows:

        During the three months ended March 31, 2005, $6,349 of the Company’s 6 1/4% Convertible Subordinated Notes due 2008 (the “2008 Notes”) were converted into 3,628 shares of the Company’s common stock and 126 shares were issued as payment for preferred interest on early conversion. In connection with these conversions, the Company recognized additional interest expense of $254 for the three months ended March 31, 2005.

        During the three months ended March 31, 2004, $17,180 of the Company’s 2008 Notes were converted into 9,817 shares of the Company’s common stock and 992 shares were issued as payment for preferred interest on early conversion. In connection with these conversions, the Company recognized additional interest expense of $1,805 for the three months ended March 31, 2004.

        Holders of the 2008 Notes are entitled to convert their notes into shares of common stock before October 15, 2005 and receive a discounted amount of interest that they would have otherwise received until that date. This feature is an embedded derivative as defined in Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 133 “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities.” This embedded derivative is not clearly and closely related to the host contract, the 2008 Notes, because it could at least double the investor’s initial rate of return on the host contract and could also result in a rate of return that is at least twice what otherwise would be the market return for a contract that has the same terms as the host contract and that involves a debtor with a similar credit quality.

        The Company has bifurcated the embedded derivative from the host contract. At each balance sheet date, the embedded derivative is recorded at fair value, with any change in fair value recognized in current operations.

        As of March 31, 2005 and December 31, 2004, the fair value of the embedded derivative was $762 and $1,403, respectively. In determining the fair value of the embedded derivative, the Company makes certain assumptions, including with respect to the future volatility and liquidity of the Company’s common stock, as well as recent trends in the number of holders converting. The decrease in fair value during 2005 is due to the conversions that occurred during 2005 and the decrease in the time period until October 15, 2005, the date that interest is paid through.

8.   Sale Leaseback:

        During the first quarter of 2005, the Company entered into a sale leaseback agreement under which it sold property and equipment, consisting entirely of software, with a value of $3,000 to a third party and agreed to lease back the same equipment.  The term of the lease is two years and the lease will be accounted for as a capital lease. The Company recorded $8 in rent expense related to the lease in the first quarter. 

        Minimum annual rentals for the term of the lease are as follows:  

        In the second quarter of 2005, the Company received an additional $1,000 under the sale leaseback agreement.

        Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
(amounts in thousands, except per share data)

Overview

        Our principal products are individual, defined benefit accident and health insurance policies that consist of nursing home care, home health care and Medicare supplement.

        Our insurance subsidiaries are subject to the insurance laws and regulations of the states in which they are licensed to write insurance. These laws and regulations govern matters such as payment of dividends, settlement of claims and loss ratios. State regulatory authorities must approve premiums charged for insurance products. In addition, our insurance subsidiaries are required to establish and maintain reserves with respect to reported and incurred but not reported claims, as well as estimated future benefits payable under our insurance policies. These reserves must, at a minimum, comply with mandated standards. Our reserves are certified annually by our consulting actuary as to standards required by the insurance departments for our domiciliary states and for the other states in which we conduct business. We believe we maintained adequate reserves as mandated by each state in which we are currently writing business at March 31, 2005 and the date of this filing.

        Our insurance subsidiaries are regulated by various state insurance departments. The National Association of Insurance Commissioners (“NAIC”) has Risk-Based Capital (“RBC”) requirements for insurance companies to evaluate the adequacy of statutory capital and surplus in relation to investment and insurance risks, such as asset quality, mortality and morbidity, asset and liability matching, benefit and loss reserve adequacy, and other business factors. The RBC formula is used by state insurance regulators as an early warning tool to identify, for the purpose of initiating regulatory action, insurance companies that potentially are inadequately capitalized. In addition, the formula defines minimum capital standards that an insurer must maintain. Regulatory compliance is determined by a ratio of the enterprise’s regulatory Total Adjusted Capital to its Authorized Control Level RBC, as defined by the NAIC. Companies below specific trigger points or ratios are classified within certain levels, each of which may require specific corrective action depending upon the insurer’s state of domicile.

        At December 31, 2000, Penn Treaty Network America Insurance Company (“PTNA”) had Total Adjusted Capital at the Regulatory Action level, which required it to file a Corrective Action Plan (the “Plan”) with the Pennsylvania Insurance Department (the “Department”). In addition, American Network Insurance Company (“ANIC”), which is wholly owned by PTNA, is also subject to the provisions of the Plan. On February 12, 2002, the Department approved the Plan. As a primary component of the Plan, effective December 31, 2001, PTNA and ANIC entered a reinsurance transaction to reinsure, on a quota share basis, substantially all of their long-term care insurance policies then in-force (the “2001 Centre Agreement”). The agreement is subject to certain coverage limitations, including an aggregate limit of liability that is a function of certain factors and that may be reduced in the event that the premium rate increases that the reinsurance agreement may require are not obtained. We are required to perform annual comparisons of our actual to expected claims experience. If we have reason to believe, whether from this analysis or other available information, that at least a 5% premium rate increase is necessary, we are obligated to file and obtain such premium rate increases in order to comply with the requirements of the agreement. If we do not file and obtain such premium rate increases, our aggregate limit of liability would be reduced by 50% of the premium amount that would have otherwise been received. We were in compliance with the agreement as of March 31, 2005.

        As part of this agreement, annual risk charges of approximately $11,000 are credited against our notional experience account by the reinsurer. The annual amount increases if we do not commute on December 31, 2007. This agreement does not qualify for reinsurance treatment in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) because it does not result in the reasonable possibility that the reinsurer may realize a significant loss. This is due to a number of factors related to the agreement, including experience refund provisions, the expense and risk charges credited to the notional experience account by the reinsurer and the aggregate limit of liability. However, this agreement meets the requirements to qualify for reinsurance treatment under statutory accounting rules.

        The initial premium and future cash flows from the reinsured policies, less claims payments, ceding commissions and risk charges, are credited to a notional experience account, which is held for our benefit in the event of commutation and recapture on or after December 31, 2007. The notional experience account balance receives an investment credit based upon the total return from a series of benchmark indices and derivative hedges that are intended to closely match the duration of our reserve liability.

        Our current modeling and actuarial projections suggest that it is probable we will be able to commute the agreement, as planned, on December 31, 2007. In order to commute the agreement, our statutory capital following commutation must be sufficient to support the reacquired business in compliance with all statutory requirements. Upon commutation, we would receive cash or other liquid assets equaling the market value of our notional experience account from the reinsurer. We would also record the necessary reserves for the business in our statutory financial statements. Our ability to commute the agreement is highly dependent upon the market value of the notional experience account exceeding the level of required reserves to be established. As of March 31, 2005, the statutory basis reserve liabilities of $1,037,124 exceed the combination of the notional experience account value and funds held due to the reinsurer of $952,529. Based upon our current modeling and actuarial projections, management believes it is probable that the value of the notional experience account will exceed the reserve liabilities at December 31, 2007. In addition to the performance of the reinsured policies from now until 2007, the notional experience account value is susceptible to market interest rate changes. A market interest rate increase of 100 basis points could reduce the market value of the current notional experience account by approximately $112,000 and jeopardize our ability to commute as planned. As we approach the intended commutation date, the sensitivity of our notional experience account to market interest rate movement will decline as the duration of the benchmark indices becomes shorter; however, the amount of assets susceptible to such interest sensitivity will continue to grow as additional net cash flows are added to the experience account balance prior to commutation. The reinsurer has agreed to fix the market value of the experience account and to invest the assets in a manner that we request in order to minimize short term volatility when we inform the reinsurer of our intention to commute the agreement.

        As a result of our intention to commute, we considered only the expense and risk charges anticipated prior to the commutation date in our unamortized DAC recoverability analyses and have not recorded the potential of future escalating charges. In the event we determine that commutation of the reinsurance agreement is unlikely on December 31, 2007, but likely at some future date, we will include additional annual expense and risk charge credits against our notional experience account in our DAC recoverability analysis. As a result, we could impair the value of our DAC asset and record the impairment in our financial statements. However, we currently believe that it is probable we will have sufficient statutory capital and surplus to commute the reinsurance agreement on December 31, 2007 or that other alternatives, such as new reinsurance opportunities or, additional capital issuances will be available to enable us to commute the agreement as planned.

        We have entered into a letter of intent with our reinsurer to commute our reinsurance agreement and recapture policies ceded under the existing reinsurance agreement, subject to, among other things, the execution of an agreement with a new reinsurer on or before July 28, 2005. In the event definitive agreements to recapture and reinsure these policies with another reinsurer are entered into, the commutation of the existing agreement will be effective as of May 24, 2005 and the value of the notional experience account will be fixed as of May 23, 2005. In addition, the reinsurer would forfeit all warrants granted to it as part of the existing agreement. If definitive agreements to recapture and reinsure these policies with a new reinsurer are not entered into, the existing agreement will remain in effect. There can be no assurance that definitive agreements to recapture and reinsure these policies with another reinsurer will be entered into.

        In addition to the requirement to enter into the 2001 Centre Agreement, the Plan principally:

        Upon the Department’s approval of the Plan in February 2002, we recommenced new policy sales in 23 states, including Pennsylvania. We have now recommenced new policy sales in 19 additional states. These 42 states represented approximately 94% of our direct premium revenue in the three months ended March 31, 2005. We are working with the remaining states to recommence new policy sales in all jurisdictions.

        Our financial condition and results of operations are affected significantly by the following other factors:

        Level of required reserves for policies in-force. Our insurance policies are accounted for as long duration contracts. As a result, there are two components of policyholder liabilities. The first is a policy reserve liability for future policyholder benefits, represented by the present value of future benefits less a portion of future premium collection. These reserves are calculated based on assumptions that include estimates for mortality, morbidity, interest rates, premium rate increases and policy persistency. The assumptions are based on our past experience, industry experience and current trends.

        The second is a reserve for incurred, either reported or not yet reported, policy claims. The amount of reserves relating to reported and unreported claims incurred is determined by periodically evaluating statistical information with respect to the number and nature of historical claims. We compare actual experience with estimates and adjust our reserves in the current period on the basis of such comparisons to the extent that our analysis suggests that the estimates utilized differ from actual experience.

        Additions to, or reductions in, reserves are recognized in our current Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income as expense or income, respectively, through benefits to policyholders and are a material component of our net income or loss. A portion of premium collected in each period is set aside to establish reserves for future policy benefits. Establishing reserves is based upon current assumptions and we can provide no assurance that actual experience will not differ materially from the assumptions used in the establishment of our reserves. Any variance from these assumptions could affect our profitability in future periods.

        Deferred policy acquisition costs. In connection with the sale of our insurance policies, we defer and amortize a portion of the policy acquisition costs over the related premium paying periods of the life of the policy. These costs include all expenses that are directly related to, and vary with, the acquisition of the policy, including commissions, underwriting and other policy issue expenses. The amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs (“DAC”) is determined using the same projected actuarial assumptions used in computing policy reserves. DAC can be affected by unanticipated terminations of policies because, upon such terminations, we are required to expense fully the DAC associated with the terminated policies. In addition, the assumptions underlying DAC and our policy benefit reserves are periodically reviewed and updated to reflect current assumptions, including planned premium rate increases. In the event planned premium rate increases are not achieved, we could recognize an impairment of our DAC in the future. Whenever we determine that our DAC is not fully recoverable, we impair the carrying value of our DAC through an expense to our Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income. DAC is fully recoverable at March 31, 2005.

        Policy premium levels. We attempt to set premium levels to maintain planned profit margins. Premium levels on new products, as well as rate increases on existing products, are subject to government review and regulation.

        Investment income and notional experience account. Our investment portfolio, excluding our notional experience account, consists primarily of investment grade fixed income securities. Income generated from this portfolio is largely dependent upon prevailing levels of interest rates. Due to the duration of our investments (approximately 3.3 years), investment income does not immediately reflect changes in market interest rates.

        Our 2001 Centre reinsurance agreement includes a provision for the maintenance of a notional experience account for our benefit in the event we elect to, and are able to, commute the reinsurance agreement in the future. We receive a return on the experience account that is based on a series of benchmark indices and derivative hedges. The benchmark indices are comprised of US Treasury strips, agencies, and investment grade corporate bonds with weightings of approximately 25%, 15% and 60%, respectively, and a duration of approximately 14 years.

        We believe the return on the notional experience account represents a hybrid instrument, containing both a fixed debt host and an embedded derivative, as defined in Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities” (SFAS 133). In accordance with SFAS 133, we are accounting for the investment return on the experience account as follows:

        Our conclusion that the return on the notional experience account represents a hybrid instrument with an embedded derivative is based on our belief that the economic characteristics and risk of the fixed debt host contract are not clearly and closely related to those of the embedded derivative. When we determine the yield on the fixed debt host and the value of the embedded derivate, we reconcile these amounts to the amount credited to the experience account by the reinsurer, as we believe the actual return credited by the reinsurer should equal the sum of the amounts recognized in our Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income.

        Lapsation and persistency. Both lapsation and persistency relate to the renewal of insurance policies. Lapsation is the termination of a policy by non-renewal. Lapsation is automatic if and when premiums become more than 31 days overdue, although, in some cases, a lapsed policy may be reinstated within six months. Persistency represents the percentage of premiums renewed.

        Policies renew or lapse for a variety of reasons, both internal and external. We believe that our efforts to address policyholder concerns or questions help to ensure policy renewals. We work closely with our licensed agents, who play an integral role in policy persistency and policyholder communication.

        Economic cycles can influence a policyholder’s ability to continue the payment of insurance premiums when due. We believe that publicity regarding Federal and state tax legislation allowing medical deductions for certain long-term care insurance premiums has raised public awareness of the escalating costs of long-term care and the value provided to the consumer of long-term care insurance. The ratings assigned to our insurance subsidiaries by independent rating agencies also influence consumer decisions.

        Lapsation and persistency can both positively and adversely affect future earnings. Reduced lapsation and higher persistency generally result in higher renewal premiums and lower amortization of DAC, but may lead to increased claims in future periods. Higher lapsation can result in reduced premium collection, a greater percentage of higher-risk policyholders, and accelerated expensing of DAC. However, higher lapsation may also lead to decreased claims in future periods.

Results of Operations

Three Months Ended March 31, 2005 and 2004

        On June 2, 2005, we announced our resutls of operations for the three month period ended March 31, 2005, in a press release and on our investors’ conference call. Subsequent to that announcement and prior to the filing of this Form 10-Q, we have reevaluated our most likely outcome for the settlement of a pending legal action against us (see– Litigation Accrual Expense and Part II, Item 1. Legal Proceedings). As a result, net income reported in this Form 10-Q of $1,449 is $767 lower than the net income previously reported in our press release and on our investors’ conference call.

        Premiums.   Total premium revenue earned in the three month period ended March 31, 2005, including long-term care, disability, life and Medicare supplement, decreased 3.0% to $79,812, compared to $82,288 in the same period in 2004.

        Total first year premium revenue in the 2005 quarter increased 7.1% to $2,893, compared to $2,702 in the 2004 quarter. First year long-term care premium revenue in the 2005 quarter increased 10.7% to $2,718, compared to $2,455 in the 2004 quarter. We believe that the increase in first year premiums is due to (1) the recommencement of sales in additional states during 2004, (2) the engagement of additional independent agents that had not previously sold our policies, and (3) the introduction of our new products, which have higher annual premiums than our previously sold products. We anticipate that first year premium revenue will continue to increase as independent agents that sold our policies prior to the cessation of sales are reengaged and independent agents that had not previously sold our policies are recruited. We also anticipate that we will recommence sales in additional states in which we are currently not writing new business.

        Total renewal premium revenue in the 2005 quarter decreased 3.4% to $76,919 compared to $79,587 in the 2004 quarter. Renewal long-term care premium revenue in the 2005 quarter decreased 4.0% to $73,395, compared to $76,441 in the 2004 quarter. The decrease in renewal premium revenue is due to the lapsation of existing policies and a reduced level of new premium revenue compared to periods prior to the cessation of sales in 200l. We anticipate that we will continue to experience reduced levels of renewal premium revenue until the level of new premium revenue is sufficient to offset the lapsation of existing policies. Our persistency was 89.5% and 88.0% in the 2005 and 2004 quarters, respectively.

        Net investment income. Net investment income earned in the 2005 quarter increased 12.3% to $12,335 compared to $10,987 in the 2004 quarter.

        Our average yield on invested assets at cost, including the notional experience account and cash equivalents, was 5.02% in both the 2005 and 2004 quarters. The investment income component of our notional experience account investment credit generated $11,778 and $10,911 in the 2005 and 2004 quarters, respectively. The average yield on our notional experience account was 5.22% and 5.13% in the 2005 and 2004 quarters, respectively. Although the average yield on the notional experience account increased, our average yield on invested assets remained the same due to a higher concentration of short-term investments that were held in cash and cash equivalents.

        Market gain (loss) on notional experience account. We recorded a market loss on our notional experience account balance of $588 in the 2005 quarter compared to a market gain of $35,648 in the 2004 quarter.

        During the 2005 quarter the interest rates on the notional experience account had a small increase leading to a market loss. The yield on the notional experience account was 5.30% at December 31, 2004 compared to 5.37% at March 31, 2005. During the 2004 quarter, the interest rates on the notional experience account decreased, leading to a market gain. The yield on the notional experience account was 5.60% at December 31, 2003 compared to 5.26% at March 31, 2004.

        Change in preferred interest on early conversion. The fair value of the embedded derivative was $762 and $4,324 as of March 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively. We recorded $640 and $(818) in the 2005 and 2004 quarters, respectively, to reflect the change in value of the preferred interest on early conversion. We believe that the value of the embedded derivative is significantly affected by the ability of the investor to liquidate their shares in the market. We further believe that the number of shares of our common stock outstanding and the average daily trading volume of our common stock provide an indication of the ability for the market to bear additional sales of stock without a material reduction of the current market value of those shares. The value decreased in the 2005 quarter as a result of $6,349 of conversions and the decrease in the value of the interest we would pay upon the conversion due to the shortening of the time period between the date of conversion and October 15, 2005. The value increased during the 2004 quarter due to the issuance of additional convertible debt in February 2004 and an increase in the liquidity and average daily trading volume of our common stock. These increases were partially offset by conversions of $17,180. Assuming that all holders converted on March 31, 2005, without giving any consideration to the relationship of the current share price to the conversion price or to the impact of this level of conversions on the stock price, the value of the embedded derivative would be $2,901. If actual experience deviates from current assumptions, our financial results may be significantly impacted in future periods.

        Other income. We recorded $1,396 in other income in the 2005 quarter compared to $1,621 in the 2004 quarter. The decrease is primarily attributable to a decrease of approximately $133 in the income generated from our ownership of corporate owned life insurance policies, which was caused by a decrease in our crediting rate.

        Benefits to policyholders. Total benefits to policyholders in the 2005 quarter increased 1.2% to $60,103, compared to $59,386 in the 2004 quarter. Our loss ratio, or policyholder benefits to premium revenue, was 75.3% in the 2005 quarter, compared to 72.2% in the 2004 quarter.

        Historically, more new claims are reported during the first quarter than in later quarters. This seasonality generates higher incurred claim ratios in the first quarter than in subsequent quarters. Management employs these seasonal assumptions throughout the year in the establishment of its claim reserves so that it can more consistently monitor loss ratio variances from its expectations based upon other significant factors such as claims duration and incidence. Management estimates that seasonality would have otherwise resulted in approximately $2,546 and $3,800 in higher incurred claims in the 2005 and 2004 quarters, respectively, and as a result established lower claim reserves during both quarters to reflect this seasonal variation.

         Commissions.   Commissions to agents decreased 6.3% to $9,760 in the 2005 quarter, compared to $10,421 in the 2004 quarter.

        First year commissions on accident and health business in the 2005 quarter increased 11.0% to $1,704, compared to $1,535 in the 2004 quarter, due to the increase in first year accident and health premium revenue. The ratio of first year accident and health commissions to first year accident and health premium revenue was 58.9% in the 2005 quarter and 56.8% in the 2004 quarter. The first year commission ratio for both 2005 and 2004 quarters is lower than the first year commission ratio prior to the cessation of sales in 2001, due to the increased sale of our Secured Risk, Medicare Supplement and franchise group policies as a percentage of total new sales. All of these policies pay a lower commission as a percentage of premium revenue to agents than our individual long-term care policies. This ratio has been increasing as sales of our traditional long-term care policies continue to increase as a percentage of total sales.

        Renewal commissions on accident and health business in the 2005 quarter decreased 9.1% to $8,585, compared to $9,443 in the 2004 quarter. The ratio of renewal accident and health commissions to renewal accident and health premiums was 11.2% in the 2005 quarter and 12.0% in the 2004 quarter. We have implemented premium rate increases on a majority of policies written prior to December 31, 2001. We do not pay commissions on the additional premium collected as a result of rate increases, which reduces the ratio of renewal commissions to renewal premium revenue. We anticipate that this ratio will continue to decline until these premium rate increases are fully implemented, which we anticipate will occur prior to the end of 2005.

        Net policy acquisition costs amortized. The net policy acquisition costs amortized in the 2005 quarter decreased to $1,922, compared to $3,955 in the 2004 quarter.

        Deferred costs are typically all costs that are directly related to, and vary with, the acquisition of new premiums. The deferred costs include the variable portion of commissions, which is defined as the first year commissions less ultimate renewal commissions, and variable general and administrative expenses related to policy underwriting. Deferred costs are amortized over the life of the policy based on actuarial assumptions, including persistency of policies in-force. In the event a policy lapses prematurely due to death or termination of coverage, the remaining unamortized portion of the deferred amount is immediately recognized as expense in the current period.

        The net amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs is affected by new business generation, imputed interest on prior reserves and policy persistency. The amortization of deferred costs historically had been offset by the deferral of costs associated with new premium generation. However, lower new premium revenue throughout the 2005 and 2004 quarters, as compared to premium revenue prior to the cessation of sales in 2001, produced significantly less expense deferral to offset amortized costs.

        General and administrative expenses. General and administrative expenses in the 2005 quarter decreased 2.7% to $13,115, compared to $13,477 in the 2004 quarter. The ratio of total general and administrative expenses to premium revenues was 16.4% in the 2005 and 2004 quarters.

        The decrease in general and administrative expenses is primarily due to a decrease in salaries and benefits of approximately $400 in the 2005 quarter compared to the 2004 quarter, as a result of reductions in staffing levels over the past two years. In addition, the amortization of debt offering costs decreased from $468 in the 2004 quarter to $238 in the 2005 quarters.

         Litigation accrual expense. While there can be no assurance, we believe that we will reach a settlement with plaintiffs in a class action lawsuit that has been filed against us, for which we accrue an expense amount that we believe represents our most probable outcome. During the 2005 quarter, we increased this accrued amount by $900 based upon our most recent best estimate.

        Expense and risk charges on reinsurance and excise tax expense. Our 2001 Centre Agreement provides the reinsurer with annual expense and risk charges, which are credited against our notional experience account in the event of future commutation of the agreement. The annual charge consists of a fixed cost and a variable component based upon reserve and capital levels needed to support the reinsured business. In the 2005 and 2004 quarters, we incurred charges of $2,834 and $2,807, respectively, for this item. In addition, we are subject to an excise tax for premium payments made to a foreign reinsurer equal to one percent of the net premium revenue ceded to the foreign reinsurer. We recorded $729 and $783 for excise tax expenses in the 2005 and 2004 quarters, respectively.

        Interest expense. Interest expense in the 2005 quarter decreased 48.5% to $1,965, compared to $3,817 in the 2004 quarter. The interest expense in both the 2005 and 2004 quarters is primarily related to our convertible subordinated notes, which pay interest at an annual percentage rate of 6.25%. We incur additional interest expense related to the conversion of our convertible subordinated notes.  Holders of our convertible subordinated notes are entitled to convert their notes into shares of our common stock before October 15, 2005 and receive a discounted amount of interest that they would have otherwise received through October 15, 2005 had they not converted the notes. We incurred $254 of additional interest expense from the conversion of $6,349 in convertible subordinated notes during the 2005 quarter, compared to $1,805 of additional interest expense from the conversion of $17,180 in convertible subordinated notes during the 2004 quarter.

        Federal income tax provision. Our provision for Federal income taxes was $817 and $12,001, for the 2005 and 2004 quarters, respectively. The effective tax rate was 36.1% in the 2005 quarter and 34.0% in the 2004 quarter. The increase in the 2005 quarter is primarily attributable to non-deductible interest expense related to certain of our convertible debt that was issued when the conversion price was below the market price of our common stock.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

                Our consolidated liquidity requirements have historically been met from the operations of our insurance subsidiaries, from our agency subsidiaries and from funds raised in the capital markets. Our primary sources of cash from normal operations are premiums, investment income and sales and maturities of investments. We have obtained, and may in the future obtain, cash through public and private offerings of our debt instruments, common stock, the exercise of stock options and warrants and other capital markets activities. Our primary uses of cash are policy acquisition costs (principally commissions), claim payments to policyholders, investment purchases, deposits to our notional experience account, debt service and general and administrative expenses.

        In the 2005 quarter, our cash flows were attributable to cash provided by operations, cash used in investing and cash provided by financing. Our cash increased $559 in the 2005 quarter primarily due to the funds received on a sale/leaseback agreement of $3,000. This was supplemented by $2,553 from operations. The major source of cash from operations was premium revenue and investment income received. Our major uses of cash during the 2005 quarter were payments made to our reinsurer of $3,152 and the purchase of $6,544 in bonds.

        In the 2004 quarter, our cash flows were attributable to cash provided by operations, cash used in investing and cash provided by financing. Our cash increased $8,971 in the 2004 quarter primarily due to $16,000 in additional funds generated from the issuance of convertible subordinated debt. This was supplemented by $11,159 from operations. The major source of cash from operations was premium revenue and investment income received. Our major uses of cash during the 2004 quarter were payments made to our primary reinsurer of $21,277 and the purchase of $17,976 in bonds.

Parent company operations

        We have engaged in financing activities, including issuance of both debt and equity securities, over the past two years to fund our liquidity and subsidiary capital needs. These activities have included:

        At March 31, 2005, our total principal repayment and lease obligations through 2009 were as follows:

        The cash flow needs of the parent company primarily include interest payments on outstanding debt and operating expenses. Historically, the funding had been primarily derived from the issuance of debt securities, the operating cash flow of our agency subsidiary operations and dividends from the insurance subsidiaries. However, the dividend capabilities of the insurance subsidiaries are limited and we may need to rely upon our ability to raise additional capital and the operating cash flow of our agency subsidiaries to meet current liquidity needs. We believe that our current cash on hand and the operating cash flow of our agency subsidiaries will be sufficient to service our debt obligations through at least April 15, 2006 and potentially through October 15, 2006, depending on our parent company expenses and our insurance subsidiaries surplus needs. If we are unable to generate sufficient funds through operations or raise additional capital to meet our debt service obligations on or after October 15, 2006, or if our assumptions about our ability to service our debt prior to 2006 are not correct, we may default on our debt obligations. We believe we will need to raise additional capital to satisfy any parent company liquidity needs, including debt service payments, beyond October 2006, particularly if the price of our common stock on or after October 15, 2005 is insufficient to cause mandatory conversion of our 2008 Notes.

        Our anticipated cash needs for 2005 are as follows:

        Our anticipated sources to meet our 2005 obligations are:

         Subsidiary operations

        The majority of our insurance subsidiaries’ cash flow results from our existing long-term care policies, which have been ceded to the reinsurer under the 2001 Centre Agreement. Our subsidiaries’ ability to meet additional liquidity needs and cover fixed expenses in the future is highly dependent upon our ability to issue new policies and to control expense growth. Our future growth and new policy issuance is dependent upon our ability to continue to expand our historical markets, retain and expand our network of agents and effectively market our products and fund our marketing and expansion while maintaining minimum statutory levels of capital and surplus required to support such growth.

        Under the insurance laws of Pennsylvania and New York, where our insurance subsidiaries are domiciled, insurance companies can pay ordinary dividends only out of earned surplus. In addition, under Pennsylvania and New York law, insurance subsidiaries must give the Department and the New York Insurance Department at least 30 days’ advance notice of any proposed “extraordinary dividend” and cannot pay such a dividend if the Department or the New York Insurance Department disapproves the payment during that 30-day period. For purposes of Pennsylvania law, an extraordinary dividend is a dividend that, together with all other dividends paid during the preceding twelve months, exceeds the greater of 10% of the insurance company’s surplus as shown on the company’s last annual statement filed with Department or its statutory net income as shown on that annual statement. Statutory earnings are generally lower than earnings reported in accordance with GAAP due to the immediate or accelerated recognition of all costs associated with premium growth and benefit reserves. For purposes of New York law, approval must be obtained for any dividend that, together with all other dividends paid during the preceding twelve months, exceeds the lesser of 10% of the insurance company’s surplus as of the preceding December 31 or its adjusted net investment income for the year ended the preceding December 31. Additionally, the Plan requires the Department to approve all dividends made by PTNA, regardless of normal statutory requirements for allowable dividends. We believe that the Department is unlikely to approve any dividend in the foreseeable future as a result of PTNA’s current statutory surplus position. Although not stipulated in the Plan, this requirement is likely to continue until such time as PTNA meets normal statutory allowances, including reported net income and positive cumulative earned surplus. We do not expect that this will occur in the foreseeable future.

        PTNA and ANIC have not paid any dividends to the parent company for the past three years and are unlikely in the foreseeable future to be able to make dividend payments due to insufficient statutory surplus and anticipated earnings. We do not anticipate that American Independent Network Insurance Company of New York will make a dividend payment to the parent company in 2005.

Forward Looking Statements

        Certain statements made by us in this report may be considered forward looking within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Although we believe that our expectations are based upon reasonable assumptions within the bounds of our knowledge of our business and operations, there can be no assurance that actual results of our operations will not differ materially from our expectations. An investment in our securities includes certain risks, which may be specific to us or to the long-term care insurance industry. Factors which could cause actual results to differ from expectations include, among others, our ability to comply with the Corrective Action Plan, the Florida Consent Order, the orders or directives of other states in which we do business or any special provisions imposed by states in connection with the resumption of writing new business, whether our Corrective Action Plan will be accepted and approved by all states, our ability to meet our future risk-based capital goals, the adverse financial impact of suspending new business sales, our ability to raise adequate capital to meet regulatory requirements and to support anticipated growth, our ability to service and refinance, convert or repay our convertible subordinated notes, the cost associated with recommencing new business sales, liquidity needs and debt obligations, the adequacy of our loss reserves and the recoverability of our DAC asset, our ability to sell insurance products in certain states, our ability to enter into a reinsurance agreement for policies sold after July 31, 2004, our ability to resume generating new business in all states, our ability to commute our reinsurance agreement and to recapture our reinsured policies and accumulated notional experience account balance or to enter into definitive agreements to commute our reinsurance agreement and recapture existing policies early and enter into a new reinsurance agreement on or before July 28, 2005, our ability to commute any new reinsurance agreement on or after December 31, 2007,our ability to comply with government regulations and the requirements which may be imposed by state regulators as a result of our capital and surplus levels, the ability of senior citizens to purchase our products in light of the increasing costs of health care, our ability to defend ourselves against adverse litigation, or to settle such matters, implementation of approved and pending premium rate increases, policyholder persistency and our ability to recapture, expand and retain our network of productive independent agents, especially in light of the suspension of new business.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk (amounts in thousands)

        We invest in securities and other investments authorized by applicable state laws and regulations and follow an investment policy designed to maximize yield to the extent consistent with liquidity requirements and preservation of assets. A significant portion of assets and liabilities are financial instruments, which are subject to the market risk of potential losses from adverse changes in market rates and prices. Our primary market risk exposures relate to interest rate risk on fixed rate domestic medium-term instruments and, to a lesser extent, domestic short-term and long-term instruments. We have established strategies, asset quality standards, asset allocations and other relevant criteria for our portfolio to manage our exposure to market risk.

        Our financial instruments are held for purposes other than trading. Our portfolio does not contain any significant concentrations in single issuers (other than U.S. treasury and agency obligations), industry segments or geographic regions. However, our notional experience account balance, which represents approximately 92% of our investable assets at March 31, 2005, is with one reinsurer. Although sufficient assets to support our statutory reserve liabilities and our notional experience account are secured by trust accounts and irrevocable letters of credit with major United States financial institutions, the accumulated profits of our reinsured business are susceptible to significant credit risk of the reinsurer.

        We urge caution in evaluating overall market risk from the information below. Actual results could differ materially because the information was developed using estimates and assumptions as described below, and because insurance liabilities and reinsurance receivables are excluded in the hypothetical effects (insurance liabilities represent 87% of total liabilities). Long-term debt, although not carried at fair value, is included in the hypothetical effect calculation.

        The hypothetical effects of changes in market rates or prices on the fair values of our financial instruments as of March 31, 2005, excluding insurance liabilities and reinsurance receivables on unpaid losses because such insurance related assets and liabilities are not carried at fair value, would have been as follows:

        If interest rates had increased by 100 basis points at March 31, 2005, there would have been a decrease of approximately $117,000 in the net fair value of our investment portfolio less our long-term debt. A 200 basis point increase in market rates at March 31, 2005 would have resulted in a decrease of approximately $219,000 in the net fair value. If interest rates had decreased by 100 and 200 basis points, there would have been a net increase of approximately $134,000 and $288,000, respectively, in the net fair value of our total investments and debt.

        We hold certain mortgage and asset backed securities as part of our investment portfolio. The fair value of these instruments may react in a convex or non-linear fashion when subjected to interest rate increases or decreases. The anticipated cash flows of these instruments may differ from expectations in changing interest rate environments, resulting in duration drift or a varying nature of predicted time-weighted present values of cash flows. The result of unpredicted cash flows from these investments could cause the above hypothetical estimates to change. However, we believe that the minimal amount we have invested in these instruments and their broadly defined payment parameters sufficiently outweigh the cost of computer models necessary to accurately predict the possible impact on our investment income of hypothetical effects of changes in market rates or prices on the fair values of financial instruments as of March 31, 2005.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

        Our management, under the supervision and with the participation of the principal executive officer and principal financial officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our controls and procedures related to our reporting and disclosure obligations as of March 31, 2005, which is the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on that evaluation, the principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that these disclosure controls and procedures are effective to provide that (a) material information relating to us, including our consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to these officers by other employees of us and our consolidated subsidiaries, particularly material information related to the period for which this periodic report is being prepared; and (b) this information is recorded, processed, summarized, evaluated and reported, as applicable, within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission.

        As further described in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2004, in March 2005, in conjunction with the preparation of the financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2004, the Company discovered that certain policy riders were not properly identified in data utilized to calculate policy reserves and determined that, as a result, it did not properly account for benefits expense and policy reserves. During the first fiscal quarter of 2005, the Company implemented a control related to this control deficiency. A system report is run that identifies all policies issued with an inflation rider. This report is cross-referenced to the data utilized to calculate policy reserves to ensure that the policy rider is properly identified.

        This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q was not filed within the prescribed time period due to (i) the delay in the filing of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2004 after discovery of the control deficiency described above, (ii) the resources required to prepare the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q/A for the quarter ended March 31, 2004, which amended the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the same period, filed on May 17, 2004, to restate its previously issued financial statements to reflect the inclusion of the policy riders, and (iii) the resources required to prepare an Amendment to the Company’s Registration Statement for the resale of 6 ¼% Convertible Subordinated Notes due 2008 that the Company issued in private placements in 2004.

PART II OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.  Legal Proceedings

        The Company and its subsidiaries are parties to various lawsuits generally arising in the normal course of their business. While the outcome of any single lawsuit could have a material impact upon the Company's financial results for the period in which it occurs, the Company does not believe that the eventual outcome of the majority of these lawsuits is likely to have a material adverse effect on its overall financial condition or results of operations. However, the matters specifically described below are currently viewed by management as potentially material and, in the event of an unfavorable outcome, any one of these matters could have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition and results of operations.

        The Company and its subsidiary, Penn Treaty Network America Insurance Company (“PTNA”), are defendants in an action in the Fifth Judicial Circuit of the State of Florida in and for Marion County, Civil Division (Forest, et al. v. Penn Treaty Network America Insurance Company). Plaintiffs filed this matter on January 10, 2003 in Florida State Court, on behalf of themselves and a class of similarly situated Florida long-term care policyholders. We removed this case to United States District Court, Middle District of Florida, Ocala Division for a second time in November 2003. Plaintiffs’ motion to remand the case to Florida State Court was granted in April 2004. Plaintiffs claim wrongdoing in connection with the sale of long-term care insurance policies to the plaintiffs and the class. Plaintiffs allege claims for reformation, breach of fiduciary duty, breach of the implied duty of good faith and fair dealing, negligent misrepresentation, fraudulent misrepresentation, and restitution and pray for relief in the form of compensatory damages and restitution, an order of reformation of the policies, and attorney fees and court costs. No amounts were specified for compensatory damages and restitution. We have filed motions to dismiss for failure to state a claim and lack of personal jurisdiction and to strike certain allegations of the complaint as irrelevant and improper. While we deny liability to plaintiffs, we are continuing our negotiations toward settlement in this matter.

        The Company and PTNA are defendants in an action in the Orange County Superior Court in the state of California (Bartolini, et al. v. Penn Treaty Network America Insurance Company). Plaintiffs filed this matter in November 2003 on behalf of themselves, all other persons similarly situated and the general public. Plaintiffs claim wrongdoing in violation of the California Business & Professions Code in connection with the sale of long term care insurance policies. Plaintiffs allege unlawful business acts, claims for reformation, breach of fiduciary duty, breach of the implied duty of good faith and fair dealing, and negligent misrepresentation and pray for relief in the form of compensatory damages and restitution, punitive damages, an order of reformation of the policies, and attorney fees and court costs. No amounts were specified for compensatory damages and restitution. After review of our motions related to the complaint, the court dismissed plaintiffs’ claim for breach of fiduciary duty, and we filed an answer to the plaintiffs’ other claims in the complaint. While we deny liability to plaintiffs, we are continuing our negotiations toward settlement in this matter.

        PTNA is a defendant in an action in the Los Angeles County Superior Court in the state of California (Westfall, et al. v. Penn Treaty Network America Insurance Company, et al.). Plaintiffs filed this matter on May 28, 2004 on behalf of themselves and all other persons similarly situated and the general public. Plaintiffs allege wrongdoing in connection with the payment of long-term care insurance claims. Plaintiffs allege violations of the California Consumer Legal Remedies Act, the California Business and Professions Code, breach of the implied duty of good faith and fair dealing, financial elder abuse and pray for relief in the form of compensatory damages and restitution, punitive damages, an accounting, attorney fees and court costs. No amounts were specified for compensatory damages and restitution or punitive damages. PTNA removed this case to United States District Court for the Central District of California in March 2005. PTNA has filed a motion to dismiss all counts of the plaintiffs’ complaint, and a motion to strike allegations of the complaint, including plaintiffs’ class allegations. However, we believe that the complaint is without merit and intend to continue to defend the matter vigorously.

Item 2. Changes in Securities

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders

Item 5. Other Information

   Item 6.    Exhibits

Exhibit Number     Description

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Exhibit Index

Exhibit Number     Description